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Title
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NIHMSID
Acute Vision Loss in a 35-Year-old Woman
Clin Infect Dis
2025
Feb 24
https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/80/2/469/8037616?login=true
A 35-year-old female presented with a 1-week history of vision loss in her right eye. Five months prior, she was diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with a viral load of 1 590 000 copies/mL and CD4+ of 2 × 103 cells/mL. She was also diagnosed with disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) and Cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia 4 months before presentation. She was treated with intravenous ganciclovir 5 mg/kg twice daily for 2 days and transitioned to oral valganciclovir 900 mg twice daily for 3 weeks before transitioning to 900 mg daily as prophylaxis. She was being treated with bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide. Her other medications included sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, valganciclovir, azithromycin, and ethambutol. She was adherent to her medications except for 2 nonconsecutive 7-day lapses. One month before presentation, her CMV plasma load was negative. The HIV viral load and cell count at the time of presentation was 194 copies/mL and 8 × 103 ce
10.1093/cid/ciae385
39989414
PMC11848256
Erika W Zheng, Fred Crawford, Justin J Kim, Sarah Y Won, Veena Raiji, Hemil González (2025). Acute Vision Loss in a 35-Year-old Woman. Clin Infect Dis, (), . PMC11848256
Journal Article
Non-invasive markers of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis following INSTI initiation in women with HIV
Clin Infect Dis
2025
Feb 3
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39899358/
Background: The impact of integrase strand-transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) on steatotic liver disease in women with HIV (WWH) is unknown. Methods: Using data collected in the Women's Interagency HIV Study from 2007-2020, change in Fibrosis-4 index (FIB4), aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI), and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score (NFS) over 5 years was compared between virologically-suppressed WWH who switched to or added an INSTI to their antiretroviral therapy (ART) and WWH remaining on non-INSTI ART. In participants with transient elastography (TE) measures, estimates of hepatic steatosis (controlled attenuation parameter, CAP), fibrosis (liver stiffness, LS), and steatohepatitis (FibroScan-aspartate aminotransferase scores, FAST) were compared by group. Results: A total of 872 WWH (323 INSTI, 549 non-INSTI) were included, and 280 (146 INSTI, 134 non-INSTI) had TE. Of these, 61% were Non-Hispanic Black; mean age was 47 years and body mass index was
10.1093/cid/ciaf049
39899358
HIV; integrase inhibitors; metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease; women
Michael Andrew Yu, Logan Gerig, C Christina Mehta, Joffi Musonge-Effoe, Jessica A Alvarez, Igho Ofotokun, Anandi N Sheth, Mohammed K Ali, Thomas R Ziegler, Qian Yang, Amanda B Spence, Maria L Alcaide, Julie B Dumond, Alison G Abraham, Audrey L French, Michael Augenbraun, Kathryn Anastos, Jennifer C Price, Phyllis C Tien, Cecile D Lahiri (2025). Non-invasive markers of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis following INSTI initiation in women with HIV. Clin Infect Dis, (), .
Journal Article
Serum NFL and neuropsychological performance over ~8 years in women with and without HIV: a longitudinal repeated measures study
eClinicalMedicine
2025
Jan 21
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39911246/
Background: Blood-based biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and stroke, including serum neurofilament light chain (sNFL), are understudied in women living with and without HIV. Methods: We assessed cross-sectional and longitudinal change in sNFL between 2008 and 2019 associated with neuropsychological performance (NP) among women living with HIV (WLWH) and without HIV (WLWOH) age ≥40 years in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Baseline and repeated ∼8-year fasting sNFL levels were measured using Simoa. Sociodemographically-adjusted NP T-scores (attention, working memory, executive function, processing speed, learning, verbal fluency and global) were calculated. Multivariable linear regression analyses stratified by HIV serostatus examined cross-sectional baseline and follow-up associations, and ∼8-year change in sNFL level related to global and domain-specific NP T-scores. Findings: 417 participants (290 WLWH, 127 WLWOH), African American/Black (55%), ≥high school education (69%),
10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.103052
39911246
PMC11794164
Cognition; HIV; Neurofilament light chain; Neuropsychological performance; Women.
Deborah R Gustafson, Xuantao Li, Alison E Baird, Henrik Zetterberg, Kaj Blennow, Jinbing Zhang, Amanda Blair Spence, Pauline Maki, Anjali Sharma, Kathleen Weber, Recai Yucel (2025). Serum NFL and neuropsychological performance over ~8 years in women with and without HIV: a longitudinal repeated measures study. eClinicalMedicine, (), . PMC11794164
Journal Article
Serum NFL and neuropsychological performance over ∼8 years in women with and without HIV: a longitudinal repeated measures study
eClinicalMedicine
2025
Jan 21
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S258953702400631X#ack0010
Background Blood-based biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and stroke, including serum neurofilament light chain (sNFL), are understudied in women living with and without HIV. Methods We assessed cross-sectional and longitudinal change in sNFL between 2008 and 2019 associated with neuropsychological performance (NP) among women living with HIV (WLWH) and without HIV (WLWOH) age ≥40 years in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Baseline and repeated ∼8-year fasting sNFL levels were measured using Simoa. Sociodemographically-adjusted NP T-scores (attention, working memory, executive function, processing speed, learning, verbal fluency and global) were calculated. Multivariable linear regression analyses stratified by HIV serostatus examined cross-sectional baseline and follow-up associations, and ∼8-year change in sNFL level related to global and domain-specific NP T-scores. Findings 417 participants (290 WLWH, 127 WLWOH), African American/Black (55%), ≥high school education (69%), curr
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.103052
Deborah R. Gustafson, Xuantao Li, Alison E. Baird, Henrik Zetterberg, Kaj Blennow, Jinbing Zhang, Amanda Blair Spence, Pauline Maki, Anjali Sharma, Kathleen Weber, Recai Yucel (2025). Serum NFL and neuropsychological performance over ∼8 years in women with and without HIV: a longitudinal repeated measures study. eClinicalMedicine, (), .
Journal Article
Patient-Provider Satisfaction and Combination Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence: An Analysis of the Association Between Health Care Satisfaction and Adherence, as Framed by the Health Belief Model
Georgetown Medical Review
2025
Jan 21
https://gmr.scholasticahq.com/article/127951
Background Health care satisfaction can be used as an indicator of beneficial health outcomes. For people living with HIV (PLWH), reduced morbidity and mortality depend on adherence to combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). It is integral to assess whether health care satisfaction improves outcomes in individuals with HIV through strengthening adherence. The goal of this study was to investigate the association between health care satisfaction and cART adherence as framed by the health belief model. Methods This analysis used data from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, a longitudinal observational cohort study. Cross-sectional data were collected from the 656 participants in the Understanding Patterns of Healthy Aging Among Men Who Have Sex With Men substudy from October 2016 to March 2019. The association between health care satisfaction and adherence was examined using logistic regression. In the adjusted model, covariates were age, race and ethnicity, source of medical care, i
https://doi.org/10.52504/001c.127951
Grace Graham, Deanna Ware, Michael Plankey (2025). Patient-Provider Satisfaction and Combination Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence: An Analysis of the Association Between Health Care Satisfaction and Adherence, as Framed by the Health Belief Model. Georgetown Medical Review, (), .
Journal Article
Healthy Aging and the Gut Microbiome in People With and Without HIV
J Infect Dis
2025
Jan 22
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39841165/
Background: Aging-related comorbidities are more common in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) compared to people without HIV. The gut microbiome may play a role in healthy aging; however, this relationship remains unexplored in the context of HIV. Methods: 16S rRNA gene sequencing was conducted on stool from 1409 women (69% with HIV; 2304 samples) and 990 men (54% with HIV; 1008 samples) in the MACS/WIHS Combined Cohort Study. Associations of age with gut microbiome diversity, uniqueness, and genus-level abundance were examined in women and men separately, followed by examining relationships of aging-related genera with frailty (Fried frailty phenotype) and mortality risk (Veterans Aging Cohort Study [VACS] index). Results: Older age was associated with greater microbiome diversity and uniqueness, greater abundance of Akkermansia and Streptococcus, and lower abundance of Prevotella and Faecalibacterium, among others; findings were generally consistent by sex and HIV statu
10.1093/infdis/jiae644
39841165
HIV; age; frailty; gut microbiome; healthy aging.
Brandilyn A Peters, Xiaonan Xue, David B Hanna, Yi Wang, Zheng Wang, Anjali Sharma, Michelle Floris-Moore, Deborah Konkle-Parker, Maria L Alcaide, Anandi N Sheth, Elizabeth F Topper, Kathleen M Weber, Phyllis C Tien, Daniel Merenstein, Elizabeth Vásquez, Yue Chen, Matthew J Mimiaga, Valentina Stosor, Todd T Brown, Kristine M Erlandson, Stephanie M Dillon, Noha S Elsayed, Mykhaylo Usyk, Christopher C Sollecito, Robert C Kaplan, Robert D Burk, Qibin Qi (2025). Healthy Aging and the Gut Microbiome in People With and Without HIV. J Infect Dis, (), .
Journal Article
Senescence-related cytokine levels are associated with HIV-1 serostatus and persistence
medRxiv
2025
Feb 7
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.05.25321757v1
Background HIV-1 is associated with accelerated aging. The senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) includes biological and cytokine profiles that induce cellular senescence and inflammaging. In this study, we leveraged the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) to evaluate the role of SASP in aging, HIV-1 reservoir, and inflammation in people with HIV-1 (PWH) on long-term suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods In this retrospective study we included plasma and serum samples from 27 virally- suppressed PWH and 10 people without HIV-1 (PWoH) collected in 2019 and 2023. SASP markers were quantified in the 2019 and 2023 samples. Plasma residual viremia, intact and defective proviral DNA were quantified in the 2019 samples. Correlations between SASP markers and HIV-1 reservoir were performed using the Spearman test, and the sparse partial least squares discrimination analysis was used to identify variables that distinguish HIV-1 serostatus. Results All study participants
https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.05.25321757
Yijia Li, Zoamy N. Soto-Ramirez, Jenny Roscher, Tom Medvec, Mounia Alaoui-El-Azher, Paolo Piazza, Yue Chen, Nicolas Sluis-Cremer, Charles Rinaldo, Bernard JC Macatangay (2025). Senescence-related cytokine levels are associated with HIV-1 serostatus and persistence. medRxiv, (), .
Journal Article
Association of Experienced Stigma in Healthcare Settings with Health Outcomes among Black Women living with HIV: Mediating Roles of Internalized Stigma, Anticipated Stigma, and Trust in HIV Care
Social Science and Medicine
2025
Jan 11
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0277953625000280
Background Black women living with HIV (WLHIV) often have suboptimal ART adherence due to a multitude of social and structural barriers, including HIV-related stigma. Trust in healthcare providers plays a significant role in adhering to ART and is likely lower among Black WLHIV compared to their White counterparts. This study examined the relationship between experienced stigma in healthcare settings and ART adherence and viral suppression through anticipated stigma in healthcare settings, internalized stigma, and medical mistrust. Participants/Procedures Participants included Black WLHIV from the Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). We conducted serial mediation analyses where experienced HIV stigma in healthcare settings is associated with higher anticipated or internalized HIV stigma, leading to higher mistrust in HIV care providers, and ultimately, to lower ART adherence and viral suppression, adjusting for demographic and clinical covariates. Results Of the 1,060 WLHIV, approxim
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.117699
Ibrahim Yigit, Tracey E. Wilson, Tonya N. Taylor, Seble G. Kassaye, Sheri D. Weiser, Mardge H. Cohen, Stephen Gange, Brian W. Pence, Igho Ofotokun, Gina M. Wingood, Lisa R. Metsch, Janet Brown-Friday, Michelle Floris-Moore, Mirjam-Colette Kempf, Janet M. Turan, Bulent Turan (2025). Association of Experienced Stigma in Healthcare Settings with Health Outcomes among Black Women living with HIV: Mediating Roles of Internalized Stigma, Anticipated Stigma, and Trust in HIV Care. Social Science and Medicine, (), .
Journal Article
Elucidating the Mechanistic Role of ADAM17 in IL-18 Induced “Memory-Like” Natural Killer Cell Differentiation and Helper Function
2024
Apr 10
https://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/46136/1/Mullen%2C%20A.%20MPH%20Thesis%202024.pdf
HIV-1 infection causes a skewed phenotypic and functional repertoire of natural killer (NK) cells, which continues to be present in people living with HIV-1 (PLWH) following effective control of HIV-1 viremia with long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART). This is highlighted by the expansion of a rare and highly differentiated population of ADCC hyper-responsive CD16+ FcRγNK cells that exhibit adaptive immune characteristics, such as immunological memory. In addition to the FcRγ- NK population, NK cells can differentiate into a cytokine-induced “memory-like” population that lacks CD16 expression and acquires characteristics more commonly associated with T helper cells. Our lab has shown that IL-18 stimulation proved to be critical for distinguishing the capacity of an NK cell to differentiate into either a cytolytic FcRγ- NK cell or a helper -like NK cell as FcRγ- cells are rendered unresponsive to IL-18 stimulation and maintain CD16 expression. However, the mechanism involved in this I
Thesis
Understanding Disparities In Hypertension Treatment Cascade And Validating Blood Pressure Measurement Among Persons Living With Or At Risk For Hiv
2024
https://digitalcommons.library.uab.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4889&context=etd-collection
In the United States, 44% of adult women >18 years have hypertension. Although non-Hispanic Black adults were more likely to be aware of and treated for hypertension compared to non-Hispanic White adults, Black individuals had the highest prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension. Persons living with HIV have a higher prevalence of hypertension, which is a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Similar to the geographic distribution of hypertension in the US, people living in the South have higher incidence of both hypertension and HIV diagnoses compared to other US regions. Furthermore, accurate diagnosis of hypertension and initiation of treatment is vital among the 42% of US adults who have obesity. Overestimation of blood pressure can occur when the standard brachial cuff used on the upper arm is too small. An alternative approach in capturing blood pressure in individuals with obesity is the use of forearm radial cuffs, which is significantly higher than brachial b
hypertension, HIV, racial and ethnic minorities, radial blood pressure, brachial blood pressure, obesity
Thesis
Robust Parametric Statistical Methods and Software for Multi-Species and Multi-Phylum Age Prediction, and Quantification of Human HIV-Induced and HAART-Mitigated Age Acceleration
2024
https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9994z58s
Epigenetic clocks, DNA methylation-based biomarkers, accurately measure age within specific species and tissues but face challenges in multi-species and non-mammalian contexts. This study aims to enhance the construction of biologically meaningful, multi-species epigeneticclocks, particularly applicable to both humans and animals. Utilizing supervised machine learning on DNA methylation data, this research incorporates biological information, such as genome mapping and life history traits, to improve clock accuracy and interpretability. Findings include the development of diverse epigenetic clocks for various mammalian species, enabled by robust statistical methods and a reproducible software pipeline. An R package, MammalMethylClock, was introduced to facilitate the construction, assessment, and application of these clocks, incorporating existing models from the Mammalian Methylation Consortium. This package supports translational biomedical research by enhancing the study of age-rel
Thesis
Blood pressure trajectories and mortality among people with and without HIV in a United States-based cohort study
2024
file:///C:/Users/vsernasolis/Downloads/Sadinski_unc_0153D_22625%20(1).pdf
Background: With the uptake and efficacy of antiretroviral therapy (ART), people with HIV are living longer and experiencing an increasing burden of chronic diseases and comorbidities, including high blood pressure. High blood pressure is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, meaning it may be a promising avenue to reduce morbidity and mortality among people with HIV. The mechanism between HIV and blood pressure is not well understood, though chronic inflammation and immune activation are implicated in both HIV infection and high blood pressure. Thus, it is possible that people with HIV on ART can experience 1) larger changes in blood pressure over time and 2) higher rates of adverse outcomes (e.g., clinical events) associated with high blood pressure than people without HIV. However, blood pressure and its consequences are not well characterized among people with HIV. Methods: We used data from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) and Women’s Interagency HIV Stu
Thesis
HIV Management Among Women in the United States: Comparing the Mechanisms of Risk and Resilience Between U.S.-Born and Foreign-Born Groups
2024
Dec 18
https://www.proquest.com/openview/851dfc4d196acdfe84b676b5e515dea3/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y
Women account for nearly a quarter of persons living with HIV (PLWH) in the United States, with the majority being African American/Black or Latina (80%). Foreign-born women are overrepresented in this population compared to their proportions in the general population. The rate of HIV viral suppression among women living with HIV (WLWH) is low relative to the UNAIDS 2025 target, with African American/Black and Latina WLWH having lower rates than their White peers. Despite facing unique barriers related to immigration and acculturation stress, foreign-born WLWH generally exhibit better ART adherence and higher viral suppression rates compared to their U.S.-born counterparts. Previous studies have highlighted factors such as discrimination, medical mistrust, and substance use as influencing HIV viral suppression among WLWH. However, no in-depth study has examined the disparity in HIV outcomes between foreign-born and U.S.-born WLWH by comparing their HIV management strategies. Guided by
women living with HIV, HIV management, risk factors, protective factors, HIV viral suppression, HIV medication adherence, antiretroviral therapy, foreign-born status, immigration, Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS)
Thesis
Optimizing Viral Suppression Among People Living with HIV: A Comprehensive Exploration of Neighborhood Environments, Physiological Factors, and Quality of Life
2024
https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9xk5w86j
The introduction of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) in the late 1980s has transformed HIV from a fatal disease into a manageable chronic condition, although challenges like adherence to treatment and broader socio-economic factors continue to impact viral suppression and overall health status among people living with HIV (PLWH). The objective of this dissertation is to examine social (community environments), biological (pain), and psychological (self-perceived quality of life) factors associated with viral suppression among PLWH. The first paper investigates the association between neighborhood and sociodemographic factors and viral suppression among PLWH in Southern California, focusing on areas served by Ryan White clinics. Contrary to expectations, higher walkability scores were associated with lower levels of viral suppression. In line with our hypotheses, longer commute times were negatively associated with viral suppression. Employment showed a positive association with viral sup
Thesis
Characterizing the Role of CD14+CD16+ Monocytes in HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Impairment in the Context of Viral Suppression
2024
https://www.proquest.com/openview/e2425d57df359bf3d82fc9ce6f2a7364/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y
Thesis
SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines Induce Greater Complement Activation and Decreased Viremia and Nef Antibodies in Men With HIV-1
J Infect Dis.
2024
Apr 12
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38035792/
Background: Immune dysregulation in people with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (PWH) persists despite potent antiretroviral therapy and, consequently, PWH tend to have lower immune responses to licensed vaccines. However, limited information is available about the impact of mRNA vaccines in PWH. This study details the immunologic responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA vaccines in PWH and their impact on HIV-1. Methods: We quantified anti-S immunoglobulin G (IgG) binding and neutralization of 3 SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and complement activation in blood from virally suppressed men with HIV-1 (MWH) and men without HIV-1 (MWOH), and the characteristics that may impact the vaccine immune responses. We also studied antibody levels against HIV-1 proteins and HIV-1 plasma RNA. Results: MWH had lower anti-S IgG binding and neutralizing antibodies against the 3 variants compared to MWOH. MWH also produced anti-S1 antibodies with a 10-fold greater
10.1093/infdis/jiad544
38035792
PMC11011180
COVID-19; HIV-1; SARS-CoV-2 vaccines; antibodies; complement system.
Tuttle DJ, Castanha PMS, Nasser A, Wilkins MS, Galarza TG, Alaoui-El-Azher M, Cuff DE, Chhibbar P, Das J, Li Y, Barratt-Boyes SM, Mailliard RB, Sluis-Cremer N, Rinaldo CR, Marques ETA (2024). SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines Induce Greater Complement Activation and Decreased Viremia and Nef Antibodies in Men With HIV-1. J Infect Dis. , (), . PMC11011180
Journal Article
DNA methylation-based telomere length is associated with HIV infection, physical frailty, cancer, and all-cause mortality
Aging Cell
2024
Apr 17
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38629454/
Telomere length (TL) is an important indicator of cellular aging. Shorter TL is associated with several age-related diseases including coronary heart disease, heart failure, diabetes, osteoporosis, and cancer. Recently, a DNA methylation-based TL (DNAmTL) estimator has been developed as an alternative method for directly measuring TL. In this study, we examined the association of DNAmTL with cancer prevalence and mortality risk among people with and without HIV in the Veterans Aging Cohort Study Biomarker Cohort (VACS, N = 1917) and Women's Interagency HIV Study Cohort (WIHS, N = 481). We profiled DNAm in whole blood (VACS) or in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (WIHS) using an array-based method. Cancer prevalence was estimated from electronic medical records and cancer registry data. The VACS Index was used as a measure of physiologic frailty. Models were adjusted for self-reported race and ethnicity, batch, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and five cell types (CD4, CD8, NK, B
10.1111/acel.14174
38629454
PMC11258465
DNA methylation‐based telomere length; all‐cause mortality; cancer; people with HIV; physiologic frailty.
Xiaoyu Liang, Bradley E. Aouizerat, Kaku So-Armah, Mardge H. Cohen, Vincent C. Marconi, Ke Xu, Amy C. Justice (2024). DNA methylation-based telomere length is associated with HIV infection, physical frailty, cancer, and all-cause mortality. Aging Cell, (), . PMC11258465
Journal Article
Consequences of low-level viremia among women with HIV in the United States from 2003-2020
AIDS
2024
Aug 07
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39110550/#:~:text=Conclusion%3A%20Women%20with%20iLLV%20and,trend%20towards%20increased%20multimorbidity%20risk.
Objective: Investigate the outcomes of women with HIV (WWH) with low-level viremia (LLV). Design: The prevalence of LLV and potential clinical sequelae, such as virologic failure and non-AIDS comorbidity (NACM) development, are poorly characterized among WWH. Methods: We analyzed data from the Women's Interagency HIV Study among WWH enrolled from 2003 to 2020 who reported antiretroviral therapy use at least 1 year followed by an HIV-1 viral load less than 200 copies/ml. Consecutive viral load measurements from four semi-annual visits were used to categorize women at baseline as having: virologic suppression (all viral load undetectable), intermittent LLV (iLLV; nonconsecutive detectable viral load up to 199 copies/ml), persistent LLV (pLLV; at least two consecutive detectable viral load up to 199 copies/ml), or virologic failure (any viral load ≥200 copies/ml). Adjusted hazard ratios quantified the association of virologic category with time to incident virologic failure and multimor
10.1097/QAD.0000000000003990
39110550
PMC11424065
young adults, perinatal HIV, cognition, myelin, comorbodities
Amalia Aldredge, C Christina Mehta, Cecile D Lahiri, Michael F Schneider, Maria L Alcaide, Kathryn Anastos, Michael Plankey, Audrey L French, Michelle Floris-Moore, Phyllis C Tien, Jodie Dionne, Jack Dehovitz, Lauren F Collins, Anandi N Sheth (2024). Consequences of low-level viremia among women with HIV in the United States from 2003-2020. AIDS, (), . PMC11424065
Journal Article
Awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among women at risk or living with HIV in the US South
AIDS
2024
Sep 1
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38905486/
Objectives: Timely control of hypertension is vital to prevent comorbidities. We evaluated the association of race/ethnicity and HIV infection with incident hypertension outcomes, including awareness, treatment, and control. Design: We evaluated cisgender women living with HIV and sociodemographically matched women living without HIV recruited into four Southern sites of the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) (2013-2019). Methods: We calculated measurements of the time to four events or censoring: incident hypertension, hypertension awareness, hypertension treatment, and hypertension control. Hazard ratios for race/ethnicity and HIV status were calculated for each outcome using Cox proportional-hazards models adjusted for sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical risk factors. Results: Among 712 women, 56% were hypertensive at baseline. Forty-five percentage of the remaining women who were normotensive at baseline developed incident hypertension during follow-up. Non-Hispanic whi
10.1097/QAD.0000000000003960
38905486
PMC11293969
Adult; Female; HIV Infections* / complications; HIV Infections* / drug therapy; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Hypertension*; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; United States / epidemiology;
Jessica Blair, Mirjam-Colette Kempf, Jodie A Dionne, Zenoria Causey-Pruitt, Jenni M Wise, Elizabeth A Jackson, Paul Muntner, David B Hanna, Jorge R Kizer, Margaret A Fischl, Igho Ofotokun, Catalina Ramirez, Stephen J Gange, Ilene K Brill, Emily B Levitan (2024). Awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among women at risk or living with HIV in the US South. AIDS, (), . PMC11293969
Journal Article
Tryptophan metabolism, gut microbiota, and carotid artery plaque in women with and without HIV infection
AIDS
2024
Feb 1
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37199567/
Objective: The perturbation of tryptophan (TRP) metabolism has been linked with HIV infection and cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the interrelationship among TRP metabolites, gut microbiota, and atherosclerosis remain unclear in the context of HIV infection. Methods: We included 361 women (241 HIV+, 120 HIV-) with carotid artery plaque assessments from the Women's Interagency HIV Study, measured ten plasma TRP metabolites and profiled fecal gut microbiome. TRP metabolites-related gut bacteria were selected through the Analysis of Compositions of Microbiomes with Bias Correction method. Associations of TRP metabolites and related microbial features with plaque were examined using multivariable logistic regression. Results: While plasma kynurenic acid (KYNA) (odds ratio [OR] = 1.93, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.12, 3.32 per one SD increase; P = 0.02) and KYNA/TRP (OR = 1.83 [95%CI:1.08, 3.09], P = 0.02) were positively associated with plaque, indole-3-propionate (IPA) (OR = 0.62 [9
10.1097/QAD.0000000000003596
37199567
PMC10640661
atherosclerosis, gut microbiome, HIV infection, indole-3-propionate, tryptophan metabolism
Kai Luo, Zheng Wang, Brandilyn A Peters, David B Hanna, Tao Wang, Christopher C Sollecito, Evan Grassi, Fanua Wiek, Lauren St Peter, Mykhaylo Usyk, Wendy S Post, Alan L Landay, Howard N Hodis, Kathleen M Weber, Audrey French, Elizabeth T Golub, Jason Lazar, Deborah Gustafson, Anjali Sharma, Kathryn Anastos, Clary B Clish, Rob Knight, Robert C Kaplan, Robert D Burk, Qibin Qi (2024). Tryptophan metabolism, gut microbiota, and carotid artery plaque in women with and without HIV infection. AIDS, (), . PMC10640661
Journal Article
Mediation analysis of chronic kidney disease risk factors using kidney biomarkers in women living with HIV
AIDS
2024
May 1
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38224361/
Objective: Novel urinary biomarkers reflecting kidney tubule health are associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) risk in persons living with HIV. However, it is unknown whether these biomarkers provide mechanistic insight into the associations between clinical risk factors for CKD and subsequent CKD risk. Methods: Among 636 women living with HIV in the Women's Interagency HIV Study with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) >60 ml/min/1.73 m 2 , we used a counterfactual approach to causal mediation analysis to evaluate the extent to which systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), hemoglobin a1c (Hba1c) and serum albumin associations with incident CKD were mediated by eight urine proteins. These biomarkers reflect proximal tubular reabsorptive dysfunction (α1-microglobulin [a1m], β2-microglobulin, trefoil factor 3); tubular injury (interleukin 18 [IL-18], kidney injury molecule 1 [KIM-1]); kidney repair (epidermal growth factor); tubular reserve (uromodul
10.1097/QAD.0000000000003839
38224361
PMC11025668
Biomarkers, Female, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Glycated Hemoglobin, HIV Infections* / complications, Humans, Interleukin-18, Kidney, Mediation Analysis, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic* / etiology, Risk Factors, Serum Albumin
Kristienne A Edrosolan, Michael G Shlipak, Rebecca Scherzer, Michelle M Estrella, Deborah Gustafson, Roksana Karim, Molly Fisher, Mardge Cohen, Seble Kassaye, Julie Dumond, Alison Abraham, Charles E McCulloch, Simon B Ascher (2024). Mediation analysis of chronic kidney disease risk factors using kidney biomarkers in women living with HIV. AIDS, (), . PMC11025668
Journal Article
Medical mistrust and vaccine-hesitant attitudes explain SARS-CoV-2 vaccination disparities in a mixed-serostatus cohort
AIDS
2024
Nov 5
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39497542/
Objectives: To understand the extent of racial disparities in SARS-CoV-2 vaccination among PWH and those vulnerable to HIV infection and to estimate the contributions of medical mistrust and vaccine-hesitant attitudes to these disparities. Design: Quantitative data analyses in a racially and gender diverse, mixed-serostatus prospective cohort, the MACS/WIHS Combined Cohort Study. Methods: Interviewer-assisted questionnaires assessed SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, medical mistrust, and vaccine-hesitant attitudes from March 2021-September 2022 (n=3948). Longitudinal analyses assessed effects of sociodemographics on medical mistrust and vaccine-hesitant attitudes. A hierarchical multivariable logistic regression assessed effects of these co-factors on SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Causal mediation models assessed whether a) medical mistrust mediated the relationship between Black identity and vaccine-hesitant attitudes, and b) vaccine-hesitant attitudes mediated the relationship between Black identi
10.1097/QAD.0000000000004053
39497542
M Reuel Friedman, Gina Wingood, Kristen D Krause, Sarah Krier, Gypsyamber D'souza, Mirjam-Colette Kempf, Matthew J Mimiaga, Jenn Kwait, Deborah Jones, Jeremy Martinson, Ernesto T Marques, Phyllis Tien, Kathryn Anastos, Catalina Ramirez, Mardge Cohen, Marlene Camacho-Rivera, Lakshmi Goparaju, Charles R Rinaldo (2024). Medical mistrust and vaccine-hesitant attitudes explain SARS-CoV-2 vaccination disparities in a mixed-serostatus cohort. AIDS, (), .
Journal Article
Associations between epicardial, visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue with diastolic function in men with and without HIV
AIDS
2024
Aug 1
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38788204/
Background: People with HIV (PWH) are at greater risk for diastolic dysfunction compared with persons without HIV (PWOH). An increase in visceral adipose tissue is common among PWH and greater visceral adipose tissue is associated with diastolic dysfunction among PWOH. We investigated associations of visceral adipose tissue, subcutaneous adipose tissue, and other fat depots with subclinical diastolic dysfunction among men with and without HIV (MWH and MWOH). Design: Cross-sectional analysis of MWH and MWOH in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Methods: Participants underwent echocardiography for diastolic dysfunction assessment and CT scanning including subcutaneous, visceral, epicardial, and liver adiposity measurements. Diastolic dysfunction was defined by characterizing heart function on antiretroviral therapy0 criteria. Odds for diastolic dysfunction with each measure of adiposity were estimated using multivariable logistic regression. Results: Among 403 participants (med
10.1097/QAD.0000000000003936
38788204
PMC11404677
Adult; Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Echocardiography; HIV Infections* /complications; HIV Infections* / drug therapy; Humans; Intra-Abdominal Fat* / diagnostic imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Pericardium / diagnostic imaging; Subcutaneous Fat* / diagnostic imaging; Tomography; X-Ray Computed
Rachel L Goldberg, Tess E Peterson, Sabina A Haberlen, Mallory D Witt, Frank J Palella, Jared W Magnani, Todd T Brown, Jordan E Lake, Joao A C Lima, Matt J Budoff, Chiadi E Ndumele, Katherine C Wu, Wendy S Post (2024). Associations between epicardial, visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue with diastolic function in men with and without HIV. AIDS, (), . PMC11404677
Journal Article
Response to “Epicardial fat tissue and diastolic dysfunction in both men and women with HIV”
AIDS
2024
Nov 1
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39325008/
Letter:
10.1097/QAD.0000000000004003
39325008
PMC11446312
Response;
Rachel L Goldberg, Tess E Peterson, Sabina A Haberlen, Mallory D Witt, Frank J Palella, Jared W Magnani, Todd T Brown, Jordan E Lake, Joao A C Lima, Matt J Budoff, Chiadi E Ndumele, Katherine C Wu, Wendy S Post (2024). Response to “Epicardial fat tissue and diastolic dysfunction in both men and women with HIV” . AIDS, (), . PMC11446312
Journal Article
The impact of diabetes mellitus on HIV virologic control: results of the MACS/WIHS combined cohort study
AIDS
2024
Jul 19
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39028112/
Objective: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with lower antiretroviral (ART) drug exposure among persons with HIV (PWH) compared to PWH without DM. The association between DM and virologic control in PWH, however, remains unknown. Methods: We included participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study/Women's Interagency HIV Study Combined Cohort Study (MWCCS) who had initiated ART between 1999 and 2020 and had a suppressed HIV viral load (≤200 copies/mL) within 1 year of ART initiation. We compared the frequency of incident HIV viremia (HIV-1 RNA >200 copies/mL) between adult PWH with and without DM. Poisson regression was used to examine the rate of incident viremia based on the diagnosis of DM among PWH. DM was defined as two consecutive fasting glucose measurements ≥126 mg/dL, use of anti-diabetic medications, pre-existing DM diagnosis, or a confirmed HbA1c >6.5%. Results: 1,061 women (112 with DM, 949 without DM) and 633 men (41 with DM, and 592 without DM) were included in th
10.1097/QAD.0000000000003978
39028112
Sarah C Mann, Weiqun Tong, Alison G Abraham, Frank Palella, Anjali Sharma, Phyllis C Tien, Margaret A Fischl, Samy I Mcfarlane, Cecile D Lahiri, Susan Koletar, Daniel Merenstein , Michelle Floris-Moore, Jordan E Lake, Elizabeth Daubert, Aubri Hickman, Todd T Brown, Jose Castillo-Mancilla (2024). The impact of diabetes mellitus on HIV virologic control: results of the MACS/WIHS combined cohort study. AIDS, (), .
Journal Article
Intersectional Stigma, Fear of Negative Evaluation, Depression, and ART Adherence Among Women Living with HIV Who Engage in Substance Use: A Latent Class Serial Mediation Analysis
AIDS and Behavior
2024
Mar 15
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10461-024-04282-6
Women Living with HIV (WLHIV) who use substances face stigma related to HIV and substance use (SU). The relationship between the intersection of these stigmas and adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART), as well as the underlying mechanisms, remains poorly understood. This study aimed to examine the association between intersectional HIV and SU stigma and ART adherence, while also exploring the potential role of depression and fear of negative evaluation (FNE) by other people in explaining this association. We analyzed data from 409 WLHIV collected between April 2016 and April 2017, Using Multidimensional Latent Class Item Response Theory analysis. We identified five subgroups (i.e., latent classes [C]) of WLHIV with different combinations of experienced SU and HIV stigma levels: (C1) low HIV and SU stigma; (C2) moderate SU stigma; (C3) higher HIV and lower SU stigma; (C4) moderate HIV and high SU stigma; and (C5) high HIV and moderate SU stigma. Medication adherence differed signifi
10.1007/s10461-024-04282-6
38489140
Depression; Fear of negative evaluation; Stigma; Substance use
Kristi Lynn Stringer, Andrea Norcini Pala, Robert L. Cook, Mirjam-Colette Kempf, Deborah Konkle-Parker, Tracey E. Wilson, Phyllis C. Tien, Gina Wingood, Torsten B. Neilands, Mallory O. Johnson, Carmen H. Logie, Sheri D. Weiser, Janet M. Turan & Bulent Turan (2024). Intersectional Stigma, Fear of Negative Evaluation, Depression, and ART Adherence Among Women Living with HIV Who Engage in Substance Use: A Latent Class Serial Mediation Analysis. AIDS and Behavior, (), .
Journal Article
Disrupting the Path from Depression to Loneliness: Multilevel Resilience among Older Sexual Minority Men with and without HIV
AIDS and Behavior
2024
Jul 24
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10461-024-04416-w
Existing studies examining resilience among sexual minority men (SMM) have been limited by only analyzing 1 level of resilience. We therefore investigated the impact of multiple levels of resilience on the bidirectional relationship between loneliness and depression symptoms among older SMM. Loneliness, depression symptoms, and multilevel resilience scores were collected across 3 time points (October 2016 to March 2017 [T1]; October 2017 to March 2018 [T2]; and October 2018 to March 2019 [T3]) among 1,264 SMM aged 40 years and older living with and without HIV. Longitudinal mediation models were used to test the mediating effect of the multilevel resilience factors at T2 on the bidirectional relationship between loneliness and depression symptoms, adjusting for sociodemographic covariates. The multilevel resilience factors were negatively associated with loneliness and depression symptoms at T1. The individual-level global resilience factor was associated with decreased odds of depress
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-024-04416-w
39046610
PMC11471709
Depression Loneliness Resilience Sexual minority men Aging HIV/AIDS
Maria De Jesus, Deanna Ware, Steven Meanley, Mark Brennan-Ing, Chukwuemeka N Okafor, Steve Shoptaw, Sabina Haberlen, Valentina Stosor, M. Reuel Friedman & Michael Plankey (2024). Disrupting the Path from Depression to Loneliness: Multilevel Resilience among Older Sexual Minority Men with and without HIV. AIDS and Behavior, (), . PMC11471709
Journal Article
Associations of Partnership Types and Quality on Cognitive Performance Among Midlife and Older Sexual Minority Men With or Without HIV
AIDS and Behavior
2024
Sep 16
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39285083/#:~:text=These%20findings%20suggest%20that%20having,SMM%2C%20especially%20those%20with%20HIV.
Partnership status among sexual minority men (SMM) is a potentially important yet underexplored predictor of cognitive functioning. Using data from the understanding patterns of healthy aging among men who have sex with men substudy of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, we assessed the associations of partnership status and quality with cognitive performance in middle-aged and older SMM, adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical covariates. Partnership status was classified into four types: “only a primary partnership,” “only a secondary partnership,” “both a primary and secondary relationship,” and “neither a primary nor secondary relationship.” Partnership quality was assessed based on perceived support or strain from partners. Cognitive performance was evaluated using the z-scores on the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), Trail Making Test Parts A (TMT-A) and B (TMT-B), and a composite Z-score that summed the SDMT, TMT-A, and TMT-B z-scores. Among 1067 participants (median age 6
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-024-04501-0
39285083
Partnership status Partnership quality Cognitive performance Sexual minority men Midlife Older adults HIV
Moka Yoo-Jeong, Andrea M. Weinstein, Deanna Ware, Mark Brennan-Ing, Steven Shoptaw, Linda A. Teplin, Sabina A. Haberlen, M. Reuel Friedman & Michael W. Plankey (2024). Associations of Partnership Types and Quality on Cognitive Performance Among Midlife and Older Sexual Minority Men With or Without HIV. AIDS and Behavior, (), .
Journal Article
A Latent Class Analysis of Substance Use and Longitudinal HIV RNA Patterns Among PWH in DC Cohort
AIDS and Behavior
2024
Feb 06
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10461-023-04257-z
People with HIV (PWH) with substance use disorders (SUD) have worse health outcomes than PWH without SUD. Our objective was to characterize substance use patterns and their impact on longitudinal HIV RNA trajectories among those enrolled in an observational study of PWH in care in Washington, DC. Substance use by type (alcohol, cannabis, opioid, stimulant, hallucinogen, inhalant, sedative) was used to identify shared patterns of substance use using Latent Class Analysis (LCA). A multinomial logistic regression model evaluated the association between the resulting substance use classes and the membership probability in longitudinal HIV RNA trajectory groups. There were 30.1% of participants with at least one substance reported. LCA resulted in a three-class model: (1) Low-Level Substance Use, (2) Opioid Use, and (3) Polysubstance. The Opioid and Polysubstance Use classes were more likely to have a mental health diagnosis (45.4% and 53.5%; p < 0.0001). Members in the Opioid Use class wer
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-023-04257-z
38319460
PMC10952057
HIV, Viral load, Substance use, Latent class analysis, Group-based trajectory modeling
Morgan Byrne, Anne K. Monroe, Rupali K. Doshi, Michael A. Horberg, Amanda D. Castel (2024). A Latent Class Analysis of Substance Use and Longitudinal HIV RNA Patterns Among PWH in DC Cohort. AIDS and Behavior, (), . PMC10952057
Journal Article
Lessons Learned from a Community-led, Pilot Teletherapy Group for Older Women Living with Depression and HIV
AIDS and Behavior
2024
Sep 2
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39222185/
Older women with HIV face challenges to their quality of life, including neurocognitive decline, early-onset menopause, and chronic health issues. Chief among these concerns is depression, the most common psychiatric comorbidity among people living with HIV, with rates twice as high among women as men. However, tailored interventions among older women living with HIV and depression are lacking. Following the ADAPT-ITT framework to adapt existing interventions for cultural relevance among groups of people living with HIV, the study team revised an evidence-based intervention, the ‘Stress Management and Relaxation Training/Expressive Supportive Therapy Women’s Project (SMART/EST),’ for online implementation. Working with two community stakeholders, the study team conducted focus groups, theater testing, and manual adaptation. This resulted in the development of e-SMART/EST, an online teletherapy group co-facilitated by a Licensed Psychologist and a credentialed Peer Counselor. The adapte
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-024-04468-y
39222185
HIV/AIDS Psychotherapy Group teletherapy Psychosocial well-being
Aaron S. Breslow, Michelle Lopez, Barbara Warren, Jules Levin, Anjali Sharma, Dana Watnick, Ginette Sims, Elizabeth Cavic, Obioesio Bassey, Marla R. Fisher & Laurie J. Bauman (2024). Lessons Learned from a Community-led, Pilot Teletherapy Group for Older Women Living with Depression and HIV. AIDS and Behavior , (), .
Journal Article
“As I Grew Older, My Life Got Better”: Conceptions of Successful Aging among Older Women Living with or at Risk of HIV
AIDS and Behavior
2024
Jan 17
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10461-024-04270-w
Successful aging (SA) is an important target for HIV care. However, we have insufficient understanding of how older women living with HIV (OWLH) in the US define SA. We explored conceptions of SA by OWLH and older women at risk of HIV and examined whether SA conceptions differed by (1) HIV serostatus, and (2) participation in the Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). These analyses were part of a larger mixed-methods study with a sequential design. Participants were recruited at two clinical WIHS sites. We enrolled both WIHS participants and non-WIHS clinic patients. Our sample was 84% Black and included 29 OWLH and 15 older women at risk of HIV. We conducted 21 semi-structured interviews and four focus groups. The dataset was analyzed using descriptive, comparative, and relational analysis. We found four interlinked themes: life course perspective, accepting and celebrating aging, taking care of yourself, and looking good. The life course perspective was a core theme: participants ass
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-024-04270-w
38231362
Chronic disease, Healthy aging, Aging well, Older adults, Well-being, Mental health, Qualitative study
Anna A. Rubtsova, Tonya N. Taylor, Gina Wingood, Ighovwerha Ofotokun, Deborah Gustafson, David E. Vance, Marcia Holstad (2024). “As I Grew Older, My Life Got Better”: Conceptions of Successful Aging among Older Women Living with or at Risk of HIV. AIDS and Behavior , (), .
Journal Article
Acceptability of Long-Acting Injectable Antiretroviral Therapy Among People with HIV Receiving Care at Three Ryan White Funded Clinics in the United States
AIDS and Behavior
2024
Apr 10
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10461-024-04315-0#Ack1
Understanding the acceptability of long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy (LAI-ART) among people with HIV (PWH), especially priority populations, is essential for effective implementation. We conducted semi-structured interviews with patients in three Ryan White-funded HIV clinics in San Francisco, Chicago, and Atlanta. We employed maximal variation sampling across age, gender, race, ethnicity, and time living with HIV and oversampled for individuals with suboptimal clinical engagement. An 8-step hybrid deductive and inductive thematic analysis approach guided data analysis. Between August 2020 and July 2021, we conducted 72 interviews. Median age was 46 years; 28% were ciswomen, 7% transwomen, 44% Black/African-American and 35% Latinx, 43% endorsed a psychiatric diagnosis, 35% were experiencing homelessness/unstable housing, and 10% had recent substance use. Approximately 24% were sub-optimally engaged in care. We observed a spectrum of LAI-ART acceptability, ranging from enthu
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-024-04315-0
38598026
PMC11199206
Long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy LAI ART Cabotegravir-rilpivirine Acceptability Qualitative research Implementation science
Xavier A. Erguera, Kimberly A. Koester, Manami Diaz Tsuzuki, Kaylin V. Dance, Rey Flores, Jared Kerman, Moira C. McNulty, Jonathan A. Colasanti, Lauren F. Collins, Elizabeth T. Montgomery, Mallory O. Johnson, John A. Sauceda & Katerina A. Christopoulos (2024). Acceptability of Long-Acting Injectable Antiretroviral Therapy Among People with HIV Receiving Care at Three Ryan White Funded Clinics in the United States. AIDS and Behavior , (), . PMC11199206
Journal Article
Longitudinal Analysis of Overlapping Psychosocial Factors Predicting Incident Hospitalization Among Mixed HIV Serostatus Men who have Sex with Men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
AIDS Behav.
2024
Sep
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38703339/
Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at increased risk for certain types of chronic diseases and mental health problems. Despite having extended survival in the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era, MSM living with HIV contend with aging-related diseases and complications with treatment. Consequent hospitalizations incur high costs, fear, low quality of life, and frailty. Unlike heterosexual men, MSM experience more structural violence and "syndemics" of psychosocial factors that not only accelerate HIV acquisition and transmission risk but also may increase morbidity, leading to greater rates of hospitalization. We aim to examine the impact of "syndemic" psychosocial factors on the incidence of hospitalization among geographically diverse MSM in the US. Participants were 1760 MSM from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) between 2004 and 2019. We examined the relationship between six psychosocial factors (depression, stimulant use, smoking, heroin use, childhood sexual
10.1007/s10461-024-04356-5
38703339
PMC11424141
HIV; Hospitalization; Men who have sex with men; Psychosocial factors.
Yuhang Qian, Roger Detels, Warren Scott Comulada, Marco A Hidalgo, Sung-Jae Lee, Katie B Biello, Elizabeth A Yonko, M Reuel Friedman, Frank J Palella, Michael W Plankey, Matthew J Mimiaga (2024). Longitudinal Analysis of Overlapping Psychosocial Factors Predicting Incident Hospitalization Among Mixed HIV Serostatus Men who have Sex with Men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. AIDS Behav., (), . PMC11424141
Journal Article
A network analysis of positive psychosocial factors and indication of suboptimal HIV care outcomes among Black women living with HIV
AIDS Care
2024
Jul 03
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38958126/
Black women living with HIV (BWLWH) face barriers that impact health outcomes. However, positive psychosocial indicators may influence HIV care outcomes. Among this cross-sectional study of 119 BWLWH, a network analysis was utilized to examine relationships between positive psychosocial factors and HIV-related health outcomes. A preliminary polychoric analysis was conducted to examine correlations between the variables, and the network analyzed connections between resilience, self-efficacy, self-esteem, perceived social support, religious coping, post-traumatic growth, and an indicator variable for suboptimal HIV care outcomes (low medication adherence, detectable viral load, and missed HIV-related health visits) and determined the centrality measures within the network. Seven significant associations were found among the factors: self-efficacy and self-esteem, post-traumatic growth and resilience, post-traumatic growth and self-efficacy, post-traumatic growth and religious coping, per
10.1080/09540121.2024.2372714
38958126
Black women; HIV; good health and well-being; network analysis; reduced inequalities
Chika Christle Chuku, Maria F Silva, Jasper S Lee 4, Rachelle Reid, Kimberly Lazarus, Adam W Carrico, Sannisha K Dale (2024). A network analysis of positive psychosocial factors and indication of suboptimal HIV care outcomes among Black women living with HIV . AIDS Care, (), .
Journal Article
Early Implementation and Outcomes Among People with HIV who Accessed Long Acting Injectable-Cabotegravir/Rilpivirine at Two Ryan White Clinics in the U.S. South
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2024
Jul 03
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38959116/
Background: Using long-acting injectable cabotegravir/rilpivirine (LAI-CAB/RPV) as maintenance therapy for persons with HIV (PWH) may improve treatment access and outcomes, though real-world data on uptake are limited. Setting: Two Ryan White clinics in Atlanta, Georgia Methods: Among PWH referred from 4/1/2021-9/15/2022 to switch to LAI-CAB/RPV, characteristics were ascertained at time of referral; and disposition (initiated; ineligible; uninterested; pending) was recorded as of 9/15/2022. Among patients initiated on CAB/RPV, we assessed the drug procurement process and clinical outcomes through 6/1/2023. Results: Among 149 PWH referred, 74/149 (50%) initiated CAB/RPV as of 9/15/2022, of whom, characteristics were: median age 47 (Q1-Q3 36-55) years, 16% cisgender female, 72% Black race, median HIV duration 15 (Q1-Q3 9-19) years, and 64% had commercial health insurance. Of the 75 PWH not initiated, 35 were ineligible due to a clinical concern (n=16) or insurance issue (n=19); 15 pati
10.1089/AID.2024.0007
38959116
Grace C Haser, Laurence B Balter, Stephen A Gurley, Marsha Thomas, Thomas Murphy, Jeri Sumitani, Eric Paul Leue, Angela Hollman, Maima Karneh, Leah Wray, Melissa Washington, Della Corbin-Johnson, Alton Condra, Larisa Niles-Carnes, Bradley L Smith, Wendy Armstrong, Ameeta S Kalokhe, Jonathan Colasanti, Lauren F Collins (2024). Early Implementation and Outcomes Among People with HIV who Accessed Long Acting Injectable-Cabotegravir/Rilpivirine at Two Ryan White Clinics in the U.S. South. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, (), .
Journal Article
High Incidence Rate of Computed Tomography-Measured Steatotic Liver Disease in Men With and Without HIV Infection
Am J Gastroenterol
2024
Apr 1
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38131623/
Introduction: We determined steatotic liver disease (SLD) incidence in a prospective cohort of men with HIV (MWH) and men without HIV (MWOH). Methods: Incident SLD was defined using paired noncontrast computed tomography scans performed during 2010-2013 and repeated during 2015-2017. Results: Of 268 men, 173 MWH and 95 MWOH, 33 had incident SLD (11.1%, incidence rate 2.4 and 2.7/100 person-years for MWH and MWOH, respectively). Overall, higher abdominal visceral adipose tissue was independently associated with increased SLD risk. In MWH, increased visceral adipose tissue, insulin resistance, chronic hepatitis B, and cumulative etravirine use were associated with SLD. Discussion: Metabolic factors, but not HIV, were associated with incident SLD. The high incidence rate suggests that SLD will continue to increase in PWH.
10.14309/ajg.0000000000002633
38131623
PMC10994731
Jennifer C Price, Gayle Springer, Eric C Seaberg, Matthew J Budoff, Susan L Koletar, Claudia A Hawkins, Mallory D Witt, Wendy S Post, Chloe L Thio (2024). High Incidence Rate of Computed Tomography-Measured Steatotic Liver Disease in Men With and Without HIV Infection. Am J Gastroenterol, (), . PMC10994731
Journal Article
Genetic predictors for bacterial vaginosis in women living with and at risk for HIV infection
Am J Reprod Immunol
2024
May 9
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/aji.13845
Problem: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) disproportionally impacts Black and Hispanic women, placing them at risk for HIV, sexually transmitted infections and preterm birth. It is unknown whether there are differences by genetic ancestry in BV risk or whether polymorphisms associated with BV risk differ by ancestry. Methods: Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) participants with longitudinal Nugent scores were dichotomized as having (n = 319, Nugent 7-10) or not having BV (n = 367, Nugent 0-3). Genetic ancestry was defined by clustering of principal components from ancestry informative markers and further stratified by BV status. 627 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across 41 genes important in mucosal defense were identified in the WIHS GWAS. A logistic regression analysis was adjusted for nongenetic predictors of BV and self-reported race/ethnicity to assess associations between genetic ancestry and genotype. Results: Self-reported race and genetic ancestry were associated with BV r
10.1111/aji.13845
38720636
PMC11410097
HIV; SNPs; bacterial vaginosis; cytokines; genetic ancestry; genetic polymorphism; mucosal immunity; race; syndecans; toll‐like receptors.
Kerry Murphy, Quihu Shi, Donald R. Hoover, Adaora A. Adimora, Maria L. Alcaide, Susan Brockmann, Elizabeth Daubert, Priya Duggal, Daniel Merenstein, Jodie A. Dionne, Anandi N. Sheth, Marla J. Keller, Betsy C. Herold, Kathryn Anastos, Bradley Aouizerat (2024). Genetic predictors for bacterial vaginosis in women living with and at risk for HIV infection. Am J Reprod Immunol, (), . PMC11410097
Journal Article
Concentration of Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO) by HIV Status in Men and Women in the MACS-WIHS Combined Cohort Study
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2024
2024
May 20
https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2024.209.1_MeetingAbstracts.A4215
Persons with HIV (PWH) have a high prevalence of self-reported asthma, but data are unclear whether HIV independently increases risk for asthma. A prior study in Copenhagen, Denmark reported that compared to seronegative controls, PWH had higher fractional concentrations of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), a marker of Th2 airway inflammation associated with asthma. Here we report FeNO interim findings from the US-based Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study - Women’s Interagency HIV Study Combined Cohort Study (MWCCS). Our objective was to determine whether PWH have higher FeNO than those without HIV. METHODS: The MWCCS is a longitudinal, multicenter observational cohort study of men and women with HIV or without HIV. Standardized FeNO (NIOX VERO, Circassia, Morrisville, NC) was performed at 9 study clinics (3 clinics enrolling men, 6 clinics enrolling women) in consecutive MWCCS participants, without regard to prior clinical diagnoses, symptoms, or lung function test results. We performed cross-se
M. Wilson, A. Edmonds, M.B. Drummond, A. Morris, S.K. Cribbs, N. Bhandari, L. Huang, M.C. Mccormack, S. Raju, D. Reddy, E. Seaberg, R. Wang, S. Wolinsky, J.R. Johnson, K. McGowan, C. Ramirez, K.M. Kunisaki (2024). Concentration of Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO) by HIV Status in Men and Women in the MACS-WIHS Combined Cohort Study . American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2024, (), .
Journal Article
Heterogeneous depressive symptom trajectories among women with type 2 diabetes: findings from the Women’s Interagency HIV Study
Ann Behav Med
2024
Dec 13
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39671516/
Background: Depression affects 33% of women with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and leads to increased risks of premature mortality. Fluctuation and variation of depressive presentations can hinder clinical identification. Purpose: We aimed to identify and examine subgroups characterized by distinct depressive symptom trajectories among women with T2D. Methods: This retrospective analysis leveraged the Women's Interagency HIV Study data to identify depressive symptom trajectories based on the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scores (2014-2019) among women with and without HIV. Descriptive statistics characterized sample demographics (eg, age, race, income), clinical indices (eg, hemoglobin A1C [HbA1c], BMI, HIV status), and psychosocial experiences (eg, discrimination, social support, anxiety, pain). We used growth mixture modeling to identify groups defined by distinct depressive symptom trajectories and parametric and non-parametric tests to examine demographic, clinical, and p
10.1093/abm/kaae080
39671516
HIV care; chronic illness; depression; quantitative methods; women’s health
Influence of Impaired Diffusing Capacity and Sleep-disordered Breathing on Nocturnal Hypoxemia and Health Outcomes in Men with and without HIV
Annals of the American Thoracic Society
2024
Mar 18
https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1513/AnnalsATS.202309-757OC
Rationale: Nocturnal hypoxemia is common in sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Although impaired diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO) is associated with daytime hypoxemia, its influence on SDB-related nocturnal hypoxemia is not known. Objective: To characterize the effects of DLCO impairment on SDB-related nocturnal hypoxemia and associated health outcomes. Methods: Data from a multi-center cohort of men with and without HIV, with concomitant measures of DLCO and home-based polysomnography (N=544), were analyzed. Multivariable quantile regression models characterized associations between DLCO and several measures of SDB-related hypoxemia (e.g., total sleep time with oxygen saturation [SpO2]<90% [T90]). Structural equation models assessed associations between impaired DLCO and SDB-related hypoxemia measures with prevalent hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Results: DLCO impairment (<80% predicted) was associ
10.1513/AnnalsATS.202309-757OC
38498872
PMC11284323
Sarath Raju, Trishul Siddharthan, Meredith C McCormack, Sanjay R Patel, Ken M Kunisaki, Gypsamber D’Souza, Joshua Hyong-Jin Cho, Valentina Stosor , Alison Morris, Joseph B. Margolick, Todd T. Brown, and Naresh M. Punjabi (2024). Influence of Impaired Diffusing Capacity and Sleep-disordered Breathing on Nocturnal Hypoxemia and Health Outcomes in Men with and without HIV. Annals of the American Thoracic Society, (), . PMC11284323
Journal Article
Sex-Biased Associations of Circulating Ferroptosis Inhibitors with Reduced Lipid Peroxidation and Better Neurocognitive Performance in People with HIV
Antioxidants
2024
Aug 28
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/13/9/1042
Ferroptosis is implicated in viral neuropathogenesis and may underlie HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment (NCI). Emerging data also suggest differences in brain iron transport by sex. We hypothesized that circulating ferritins that inhibit ferroptosis associate with neurocognitive function and NCI in people with HIV (PWH) in a sex-biased manner. Serum ferritin heavy-chain-1 (FTH1), ferritin light-chain (FTL), and urinary F2-isoprostanes (uF2-isoPs, specific lipid peroxidation marker) were quantified in 324 PWH (including 61 women) with serial global (NPZ-4) and domain-specific neurocognitive testing. Biomarker associations with neurocognitive test scores and NCIs were evaluated by multivariable regression; correlations with uF2-isoPs were also assessed. Higher FTL and FTH1 levels were associated with less NCI in all PWH (adjusted odds ratios 0.53, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.36–0.79 and 0.66, 95% CI 0.45–0.97, respectively). In women, higher FTL and FTH1 were also associate
https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13091042 (registering DOI)
39334701
PMC11429126
HIV; ferritin heavy chain; ferritin light chain; ferroptosis; lipid peroxidation; iron; oxidative stress; neurocognitive impairment; neurocognitive domains
Harpreet Kaur, Ravi K. Alluri, Kunling Wu, Robert C. Kalayjian, William S. Bush, Frank J. Palella, Susan L. Koletar, Corrilynn O. Hileman, Kristine M. Erlandson, Ronald J. Ellis, Roger J. Bedimo, Babafemi O. Taiwo, Katherine K. Tassiopoulos and Asha R. Kallianpur (2024). Sex-Biased Associations of Circulating Ferroptosis Inhibitors with Reduced Lipid Peroxidation and Better Neurocognitive Performance in People with HIV. Antioxidants, (), . PMC11429126
Journal Article
The relationship between social determinants of health and physical activity with perceived stress in US women with and without HIV
APHA 2024 Annual Meeting and Expo
2024
Oct 27
https://apha.confex.com/apha/2024/meetingapi.cgi/Paper/549387?filename=2024_Abstract549387.pdf&template=Word
Introduction and Objective: Chronic stress can have major effects on physical and emotional health and on chronic illness through overdemand of physiological adaptive strategies. Literature shows that physical activity (PA) reduces stress and adverse social determinants of health (SDOH) increase stress, but PA’s relationship with stress at varying levels of adverse SDOH needs further examination, particularly in the setting of HIV infection and in women. This exploration seeks to determine the relationship between physical activity and stress, at varying levels of SDOH burden, among women with HIV and without HIV. Methods: We leveraged secondary data from the Women’s Interagency HIV Study to examine the relationships between PA, stress, and SDOH among women with HIV and without HIV at a single study visit in 2015-2020 1-3 . The Physical Activity Questionnaire (PAQ)4 and Perceived Stress Scale-105 were used to measure PA and stress, respectively. SDOH burden was calculated by the number
Physical Activity
Conference Proceedings
Does cognitive intra-individual variability predict change in everyday functioning performance in women with and without HIV in the Women's Interagency HIV Study?
Appl Neuropsychol Adult
2024
Dec 24
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39718250/
This study examined the association between cognitive intra-individual variability (IIV), a non-mean-based indicator of underlying neuropathology, and self-reported everyday functioning of 1,086 women with HIV (WWH) and 494 socio-demographically similar women without HIV (WWoH). Objective cognitive performance across seven domains and the self-rated Lawton & Brody scale of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) were assessed among participants of the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Two types of cognitive IIV were calculated by taking the standard deviation across seven cognitive domains to calculate dispersion: 1) intra-individual standard deviation (denoted as sdIIV) and 2) coefficient of variation (denoted as covIIV). To account for the longitudinal nature of the data, generalized linear mixed effect models were conducted to examine associations between the dispersion coefficient of cognitive IIV (predictor (sdIIV and covIV)) and functional outcomes (item level scores). Models
10.1080/23279095.2024.2444573
39718250
Activities of daily living; HIV; cognition; dispersion; instrumental activities of daily living
David E Vance, Yanxun Xu, Raha Dastgheyb, Pauline M Maki, Jiayue Zhang, Gayle Springer, Kathryn Anastos, Deborah R Gustafson, Kathleen M Weber, Derek M Dykxhoorn, Joel Milam, Monica M Diaz, Seble G Kassaye, Drenna Waldrop, Junghee Lee, Mirjam-Colette Kempf, Deborah Konkle-Parker, Karl Goodkin, Andrew J Leviner, Matthew Wright, Deborah Jones, Leah H Rubin (2024). Does cognitive intra-individual variability predict change in everyday functioning performance in women with and without HIV in the Women's Interagency HIV Study?. Appl Neuropsychol Adult, (), .
Journal Article
Synthesis estimators for positivity violations with a continuous covariate
arXiv
2024
Jan 31
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2311.09388.pdf
tudies intended to estimate the effect of a treatment, like randomized trials, often consist of a biased sample of the desired target population. To correct for this bias, estimates can be transported to the desired target population. Methods for transporting between populations are often premised on a positivity assumption, such that all relevant covariate patterns in one population are also present in the other. However, eligibility criteria, particularly in the case of trials, can result in violations of positivity. To address nonpositivity, a synthesis of statistical and mathematical models can be considered. This approach integrates multiple data sources (e.g. trials, observational, pharmacokinetic studies) to estimate treatment effects, leveraging mathematical models to handle positivity violations. This approach was previously demonstrated for positivity violations by a single binary covariate. Here, we extend the synthesis approach for positivity violations with a continuous co
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2311.09388
Paul N Zivich, Jessie K Edwards, Bonnie E Shook-Sa, Eric T Lofgren, Justin Lessler, Stephen R Cole (2024). Synthesis estimators for positivity violations with a continuous covariate. arXiv, (), .
Journal Article
A hierarchical Bayesian interaction model to estimate cell-type-specific methylation quantitative trait loci incorporating priors from cell-sorted bisulfite sequencing data
bioRxiv
2024
Feb 02
https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.02.01.578272
Background: Methylation Quantitative Trait Loci (meQTLs) are chromosomal regions that harbor genetic variants affecting DNA methylation levels. The identification of meQTLs can be accomplished through quantifying the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on DNA methylation levels, and these inferred meQTLs can shed light on the complex interplay between the genome and methylome. However, most meQTL studies to date utilize bulk methylation datasets composed of different cell types that may have distinct methylation patterns in each cell type. Current technological challenges hinder the comprehensive collection of large-scale, cell-type-specific (CTS) methylation data, which limits our understanding of CTS methylation regulation. To address this challenge, we propose a hierarchical Bayesian interaction model (HBI) to infer CTS meQTLs from bulk methylation data. Results: Our HBI method integrates bulk methylations data from a large number of samples and CTS methylation data f
https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.02.01.578272
39407252
PMC11476968
Methylation Quantitative Trait Loci, cell-type-specific DNA methylation, hierarchical Bayesian interaction model, cell-sorted methylation sequencing data, colocalization
Youshu Cheng, Biao Cai, Hongyu Li, Xinyu Zhang, Gypsyamber D’Souza, Sadeep Shrestha, Andrew Edmonds, Jacquelyn Meyers, Margaret Fischl, Seble Kassaye, Kathryn Anastos, Mardge Cohen, Bradley E Aouizerat, Ke Xu, Hongyu Zhao (2024). A hierarchical Bayesian interaction model to estimate cell-type-specific methylation quantitative trait loci incorporating priors from cell-sorted bisulfite sequencing data. bioRxiv , (), . PMC11476968
Journal Article
A Bayesian approach for investigating the pharmacogenetics of combination antiretroviral therapy in people with HIV
Biostatistics
2024
Feb 14
https://academic.oup.com/biostatistics/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/biostatistics/kxae001/7608217?redirectedFrom=fulltext
Combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) with at least three different drugs has become the standard of care for people with HIV (PWH) due to its exceptional effectiveness in viral suppression. However, many ART drugs have been reported to associate with neuropsychiatric adverse effects including depression, especially when certain genetic polymorphisms exist. Pharmacogenetics is an important consideration for administering combination ART as it may influence drug efficacy and increase risk for neuropsychiatric conditions. Large-scale longitudinal HIV databases provide researchers opportunities to investigate the pharmacogenetics of combination ART in a data-driven manner. However, with more than 30 FDA-approved ART drugs, the interplay between the large number of possible ART drug combinations and genetic polymorphisms imposes statistical modeling challenges. We develop a Bayesian approach to examine the longitudinal effects of combination ART and their interactions with genetic polym
https://doi.org/10.1093/biostatistics/kxae001
38365980
HIV; antiretroviral therapy; longitudinal cohort study; pharmacogenetics; precision medicine.
Wei Jin, Yang Ni, Amanda B Spence, Leah H Rubin, Yanxun Xu (2024). A Bayesian approach for investigating the pharmacogenetics of combination antiretroviral therapy in people with HIV. Biostatistics, (), .
Journal Article
Clonal Hematopoiesis: A Global Health Perspective on CH Prevalence in Uganda Versus the United States
Blood
2024
Nov 5
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006497124084799
Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) is an age-related phenomenon in which hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) acquire somatic mutations that confer a survival advantage and thereby clonal dominance. The mutations implicated in CH are in genes that are known drivers of leukemia. CH is considered a hematologic malignancy precursor state: carriers of a CH mutation have a 13-fold increased risk of hematologic malignancy. Interestingly, CH also increases the risk of a number of non-malignant disease states and all-cause mortality. Recent preclinical and clinical studies make clear that CH prevalence can vary due to environmental factors and inflammatory stimuli. Further, the prevalence of CH varies widely between individuals but cannot be explained by differences in the rate of mutation acquisition alone. Our group has previously demonstrated in a mouse model that infection is a driver of CH. This relationship holds true in clinical studies as well: people living with HIV (PLWH) have an increased risk of
https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2024-208751
Ajibike Lapite, James Decuir, Bradley E. Aouizerat, Jeremy J Martinson, Koichi Takahashi, Katherine Y. King (2024). Clonal Hematopoiesis: A Global Health Perspective on CH Prevalence in Uganda Versus the United States. Blood, 66th ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts(), .
Journal Article
Intersectional stigma and the non-communicable disease syndemic in the context of HIV: protocol for a multisite, observational study in the United States
BMJ Open
2024
Apr 25
https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/14/4/e075368
Introduction: The increasing burden of non-communicable diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia, presents key challenges to achieving optimal HIV care outcomes among ageing people living with HIV. These diseases are often comorbid and are exacerbated by psychosocial and structural inequities. This interaction among multiple health conditions and social factors is referred to as a syndemic. In the USA, there are substantial disparities by social position (ie, racial, ethnic and socioeconomic status) in the prevalence and/or control of non-communicable diseases and HIV. Intersecting stigmas, such as racism, classism and homophobia, may drive these health disparities by contributing to healthcare avoidance and by contributing to a psychosocial syndemic (stress, depression, violence victimisation and substance use), reducing success along the HIV and non-communicable disease continua of care. Our hypothesis is that marginalised populations experience disparities in non-c
10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075368
38670612
PMC11057270
Diabetes & endocrinology; EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES; HIV & AIDS; Hypertension; PUBLIC HEALTH; Sexual and Gender Minorities
Friedman MR, Badri S, Bowleg L, Haberlen SA, Jones D, Kempf MC, Konkle-Parker D, Kwait J, Martinson J, Mimiaga MJ, Plankey MW, Stosor V, Tsai AC, Turan JM, Ware D, & Wu K (2024). Intersectional stigma and the non-communicable disease syndemic in the context of HIV: protocol for a multisite, observational study in the United States. BMJ Open, (), . PMC11057270
Journal Article
Cannabis Use and Biomarkers of Inflammation, Immune Activation, and Microbial Translocation in Persons with HIV
Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
2024
Feb 09
https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/can.2023.0109
Background: The relationship between cannabis and inflammation among persons with HIV (PWH) remains unclear. We examined whether the cannabis metabolite 11-nor-9-carboxy THC (THC-COOH) is associated with lower levels of plasma biomarkers of inflammation, immune activation, and microbial translocation in PWH. We hypothesized that cannabis use would be associated with lower levels of plasma inflammatory biomarkers than noncannabis use. Methods: We quantified THC-COOH in plasma, with THC-COOH levels between 5.1–69.9 μg/L and ≥70 μg/L being classified as moderate and heavy cannabis use, respectively, with noncannabis use defined as undetected THC-COOH. We measured a panel of plasma biomarkers of inflammation (interleukin [IL]-1-β, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-18, IL-6, and C-reactive protein), immune activation (CD14 and CD163), and microbial translocation (iFABP2 and lipopolysaccharide binding protein [LBP]), with all biomarkers collected on the same day. We used a cross-sectional des
10.1089/can.2023.0109
38335314
HIV, cannabis, immune activation, inflammation
Chukwuemeka N. Okafor, Anoma Somasunderam, Jordan E. Lake, Jonathan Gelfond, Marjan Javanbakht, Pamina Gorbach, Steven Shoptaw, and Joy Schmitz (2024). Cannabis Use and Biomarkers of Inflammation, Immune Activation, and Microbial Translocation in Persons with HIV. Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, (), .
Journal Article
Switch to Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors during the Menopausal Transition is Associated with Accelerated Body Composition Change in Women with HIV
Clin Infect Dis
2024
Nov 4
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39495675/
Background: Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) and the menopausal transition have separately been associated with body composition changes in women with HIV (WWH), but their interaction is unknown. Methods: From 2006-2019, 1131 non-pregnant WWH with viral suppression [(419 who switched to INSTI (INSTI+); 712 who did not switch (INSTI-)] and 887 women without HIV (WWOH) from the Women's Interagency HIV Study were included. Mixed effect models were used to evaluate change in waist circumference (WC) and BMI by menopausal phase defined using anti-Müllerian hormone, a biomarker of ovarian reserve. Results: During premenopause, WWH had increases in WC (INSTI+: 0.01cm per 6 month (mo); 95%CI:-0.29,0.32 and INSTI-: 0.22cm per 6mo;95%CI:-0.01,0.44) that were not statistically significantly different from WWOH; there was also little difference by INSTI status. In late perimenopause, INSTI+ had faster increases in WC (0.37cm per 6mo;95%CI:0.15,0.60) while INSTI- had smaller increases
10.1093/cid/ciae540
39495675
ART; BMI; HIV; Menopause; waist circumference
Rebecca A Abelman, Yifei Ma, C Christina Mehta, Qian Yang, Fan Xia, James B Brock, Maria Alcaide, Anjali Sharma, Michelle Floris-Moore, Elizabeth Topper, Kathleen M Weber, Seble G Kassaye, Deborah Gustafson, Carl Grunfeld, Cecile D Lahiri, Phyllis C Tien (2024). Switch to Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors during the Menopausal Transition is Associated with Accelerated Body Composition Change in Women with HIV . Clin Infect Dis, (), .
Journal Article
Short and Long-term Body Weight Change Following the Switch to or the Addition of Integrase Inhibitors in Persons With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Differs by Sex
Clinical Infectious Diseases
2024
Sep 26
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39324701/
Background Sex-specific, long-term, body weight change in persons with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) following switch to regimens containing integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) is unknown. Methods We compared PWH enrolled in the MACS/WIHS Combined Cohort Study (2007–2020) who switched/added an INSTI to their antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen to those remaining on non-INSTI ART and to people without human immunodeficiency virus (PWOH), by sex. Follow-up time was time since switch visit (or comparable visit in controls). Linear regression mixed-effects models assessed the effects of sex, group, and time upon weight and anthropometric measurements. Results Of 3464 participants included, women (411 INSTI, 709 non-INSTI, 818 PWOH) compared to men (223 INSTI, 412 non-INSTI, 891 PWOH) were younger (47.2 vs 54.5 years), were majority non-Hispanic Black (65% vs 23%), and had higher mean body mass index (31.5 vs 26.9 kg/m2), respectively. Women switching to INSTIs experienced
https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae474
39324701
HIV; integrase inhibitors; sex differences; weight gain
Cecile D Lahiri, C Christina Mehta, Qian Yang, Tsungirirai Maramba, Joffi Musonge-Effoe, Chin-An Yang, Julie B Dumond, Maria L Alcaide, Jordan E Lake, Leah H Rubin, Audrey L French, Jennifer Cocohoba, Seble G Kassaye, Anjali Sharma, Frank J Palella, John Mellors, Deborah Konkle-Parker, Elizabeth Topper, Michael Augenbraun, Mohammed K Ali, Anandi N Sheth, Thomas R Ziegler, Igho Ofotokun, Jessica A Alvarez (2024). Short and Long-term Body Weight Change Following the Switch to or the Addition of Integrase Inhibitors in Persons With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Differs by Sex . Clinical Infectious Diseases, (), .
Journal Article
Incident Proteinuria differs by HIV Serostatus among Men with Pre-diabetes: The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
Clinical Infectious Diseases
2024
Feb 09
https://academic.oup.com/cid/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/cid/ciae065/7604459?redirectedFrom=fulltext
Background Pre-diabetes is associated with proteinuria, a risk factor for chronic kidney disease. While people living with HIV (PWH) have a higher risk of proteinuria than people without HIV (PWOH), it is unknown whether incident proteinuria differs by HIV serostatus among pre-diabetic persons. Methods Urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (PCR) was measured at semi-annual visits among men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study since April 2006. Men with pre-DM on or after April 2006 and no prevalent proteinuria or use of anti-diabetic medications were included. Pre-diabetes was defined as fasting glucose (FG) of 100-125 mg/dL confirmed within a year by a repeat FG or hemoglobin A1c 5.7–6.4%. Incident proteinuria was defined as PCR > 200 mg/g, confirmed within a year. We used Poisson regression models to determine whether incident proteinuria in participants with pre-diabetes differed by HIV serostatus and, among PWH, whether HIV-specific factors were related to incident proteinuria. Resul
https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae065
38335094
PMC11327777
Diabetes, pre diabetes, incident proteinuria, HIV
Laurence Slama, Benjamin W Barrett, Alison G Abraham, Frank J Palella, Jr, Jared W Magnani, Jean Paul Viard, Jordan E Lake, Todd T Brown (2024). Incident Proteinuria differs by HIV Serostatus among Men with Pre-diabetes: The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Clinical Infectious Diseases, (), . PMC11327777
Journal Article
HIV, HIV-specific Factors and Myocardial Disease in Women
Clinical Infectious Diseases
2024
Feb 13
https://academic.oup.com/cid/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/cid/ciae077/7607232?redirectedFrom=fulltext
Background People with HIV (PWH) have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) has documented higher myocardial fibrosis, inflammation and steatosis in PWH, but studies have mostly relied on healthy volunteers as comparators and focused on men. Methods We investigated the associations of HIV and HIV-specific factors with CMR phenotypes in female participants enrolled in the Women’s Interagency HIV Study’s New York and San Francisco sites. Primary phenotypes included myocardial native (n) T1 (fibro-inflammation), extracellular volume fraction (ECV, fibrosis) and triglyceride content (steatosis). Associations were evaluated with multivariable linear regression, and results pooled or meta-analyzed across centers. Results Among 261 women with HIV (WWH, total n = 362), 76.2% had undetectable viremia at CMR. For the 82.8% receiving continuous antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the preceding 5 years, adherence was 51.7%, and 71.3% failed to achieve pe
https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae077
38356158
PMC11327791
HIV, cardiac magnetic resonance, myocardial fibro-inflammation, antiretroviral therapy, Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS)
Yoko Kato, Bharath Ambale-Venkatesh,, Mahim Naveed, Sanyog G Shitole, Qi Peng, Jeffrey M Levsky, Linda B Haramati, Karen Ordovas, Susan M Noworolski, Yoo Jin Lee, Ryung S Kim, Jason M Lazar, Kathryn Anastos, Phyllis C Tien, Robert C Kaplan, Joao A C Lima, Jorge R Kizer (2024). HIV, HIV-specific Factors and Myocardial Disease in Women. Clinical Infectious Diseases, (), . PMC11327791
Journal Article
Sexual behavior is linked to changes in gut microbiome and systemic inflammation that lead to HIV-1 infection in men who have sex with men
Communications Biology
2024
Sep 14
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39277660/
Pathogenic changes in gut microbial composition precede the onset of HIV-1 infection in men who have sex with men (MSM). This process is associated with increased levels of systemic inflammatory biomarkers and risk for AIDS development. Using mediation analysis framework, in this report we link the effects of unprotected receptive intercourse among MSM prior to primary HIV-1 infection to higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines sCD14 and sCD163 in plasma and a significant decrease in the abundance of A. muciniphila, B. caccae, B. fragilis, B. uniformis, Bacteroides spp., Butyricimonas spp., and Odoribacter spp., and a potential increase in the abundance of Dehalobacterium spp. and Methanobrevibacter spp. in stools of MSM with the highest number of sexual partners. These differences in microbiota, together with a reduction in the pairwise correlations among commensal and short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria with a number of sexual partners, support an increase in gut dysbiosis wi
https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-024-06816-z
39277660
PMC11401892
Huang Lin, Yue Chen, Grace Abror-Lacks, Meaghan Price, Alison Morris, Jing Sun, Frank Palella, Kara W. Chew, Todd T. Brown, Charles R. Rinaldo & Shyamal D. Peddada (2024). Sexual behavior is linked to changes in gut microbiome and systemic inflammation that lead to HIV-1 infection in men who have sex with men. Communications Biology , (), . PMC11401892
Journal Article
Exploring the role of motherhood in healthcare engagement for women living with HIV in the USA
Cult Health Sex
2024
Jul 23
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13691058.2024.2380765
Mothers living with HIV are faced with managing their own complex healthcare and wellness needs while caring for their children. Understanding the lived experiences of mothers living with HIV, including grandmothers and mothers with older children - who are less explicitly represented in existing literature, may guide the development of interventions that best support them and their families. This study sought to explore the role of motherhood and related social/structural factors on engagement with HIV care, treatment-seeking behaviour, and overall HIV management among mothers living with HIV in the USA to inform such efforts. Semi-structured interviews were conducted between June and December 2015 with 52 mothers living with HIV, recruited from the Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) sites in four US cities. Five broad themes were identified from the interviews: children as a motivation for optimal HIV management; children as providing logistical support for HIV care and treatment;
10.1080/13691058.2024.2380765
39041302
HIV; disease management; motherhood; qualitative interviews; social relationships
Whitney S. Rice, Celeste K. Ellison, Beverly Bruno, Sophia A. Hussen, Max Chavez, Tessa M. Nápoles, Melonie Walcott, Abigail W. Batchelder, Bulent Turan, Mirjam-Colette Kempf, Gina M. Wingood, Deborah J. Konkle-Parker, Tracey E. Wilson, Mallory O. Johnson, Sheri D. Weiser, Carmen H. Logie, Janet M. Turan & Kendra Piper (2024). Exploring the role of motherhood in healthcare engagement for women living with HIV in the USA. Cult Health Sex, (), .
Journal Article
Sex Differences in Metabolic Disorders of Aging and Obesity in People with HIV
Curr. HIV/AIDS Rep.
2024
Nov 21
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39570329/
Purpose of review: As advances in antiretroviral therapy for people with HIV (PWH) have prolonged lifespans, prevalence of aging and obesity related metabolic disorders have increased. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent research assessing sex differences in metabolic disorders among PWH, including weight gain/obesity, steatotic liver disease, insulin resistance/diabetes, dyslipidemia, bone loss/osteoporosis, and sarcopenia. Recent findings: A growing body of evidence shows that women with HIV are at increased risk of developing metabolic disorders compared to men, including body weight gain and obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, bone loss, and sarcopenia, while men with HIV are at higher risk for hepatosteatosis and hepatic fibrosis. Future work should prioritize the adequate representation of women in HIV clinical studies. Understanding sex-specific mechanisms underlying metabolic dysfunction in PWH is imperative so that interventions can be developed to
10.1007/s11904-024-00711-2
39570329
Aging; HIV; Metabolic; Obesity; Sex differences
Jessica A Alvarez, Chin-An Yang, Victoria Ojuri, Kahsavyah Buckley, Brahmchetna Bedi, Joffi Musonge-Effoe, Adaiah Soibi-Harry, Cecile D Lahiri (2024). Sex Differences in Metabolic Disorders of Aging and Obesity in People with HIV. Curr. HIV/AIDS Rep., (), .
Journal Article
Impact of syndemic heavy drinking, smoking, and depression on mortality among MSM with and without HIV: A longitudinal study
Drug Alcohol Depend.
2024
Dec 9
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39662355/
Abstract Background: Heavy drinking, smoking, and depression are common among men who have sex with men (MSM). The association of co-occurring longitudinal patterns of these conditions and mortality among MSM were tested, applying a syndemic framework - the interaction of two or more conditions that contribute to poor health outcomes. Methods: Longitudinal data from 1999 to 2018 from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study of 3046 MSM were analyzed. Group-based trajectories models (GBTM) of alcohol use, smoking, and depressive symptoms were developed. Syndemic phenotypes were defined based on overlapping high-risk group membership in the GBTM for each condition (i.e., heavy drinking, current smoking, severe depressive symptoms). Cox proportional hazards models estimated confounder-adjusted associations of syndemic phenotypes with mortality (National Death Index, n = 395; median follow-up 16.0 years). An interaction between HIV and syndemic phenotypes on mortality was tested. Results: Synde
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112523
39662355
Alcohol; Depression; HIV; MSM; Mortality; Smoking; Syndemic; Trajectory
Natalie E Chichetto, Shantrel Canidate, Nioud M Gebru, Kayla V McNeely, Delaney D Ding, David B Hanna, Zalak Parikh, Steven J Shoptaw, Deborah L Jones, Jason M Lazar, Jorge R Kizer, Mardge H Cohen, Sabina A Haberlen, Cecile D Lahiri, Jenni M Wise, Frank Palella, Andrew Levine, M Reuel Friedman, Michael Plankey (2024). Impact of syndemic heavy drinking, smoking, and depression on mortality among MSM with and without HIV: A longitudinal study. Drug Alcohol Depend., (), .
Journal Article
Depressive Symptoms and Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction Among Men and Women with HIV
European Medical Journal
2024
Aug 29
https://www.emjreviews.com/cardiology/article/depressive-symptoms-and-left-ventricular-diastolic-dysfunction-among-men-and-women-with-hiv/
Background and Aim: The prevalence of depressive symptoms and major depressive disorder is high among adults living with HIV. Depressive symptoms are associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk. This study examined the association between depressive symptoms and echocardiographic indices of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) among men and women living with and without HIV. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis included individuals in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) and Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) who participated in transthoracic echocardiogram substudies and completed measures of depressive symptoms at the same visit as, or up to 6 months prior to, the transthoracic echocardiogram visit. Participants had helper T cells (CD4) >350 cells/mm3 and HIV RNA viral load <499 copies/mL. The presence of LVDD was defined according to the Characterizing Heart Function on Antiretroviral Therapy (CHART) criteria. Secondary outcomes were continuous values of each
https://doi.org/10.33590/emjcardiol/AKTG4946
39936004
PMC11812528
Claudia Martinez, Nel Jason Haw, Violeta J. Rodriguez, Jorge R. Kizer, Wendy S. Post, Katherine C. Wu, Joao A. C. Lima, Jenni M. Wise, Maria L. Alcaide, Michael Plankey, Deborah Konkle-Parker, Sofia Kozlova, Margaret A. Fischl, Adaora A. Adimora, Matthew Budoff, Yasmeen Golzar, Jason Lazar, Frank J Palella, Carlos J. Rodriguez, Andrea M. Weinstein, Gina Wingood, Amanda Blair Spence, Heather McKay, Deborah L. Jones (2024). Depressive Symptoms and Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction Among Men and Women with HIV. European Medical Journal, (), . PMC11812528
Journal Article
Effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy initiation on epigenomic DNA methylation in persons living with HIV
Front Bioinform
2024
May 24
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38855142/
Introduction: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) helps improve some measures of accelerated epigenetic aging in persons living with HIV (PLWH), but its overall impact on the epigenome is not fully understood. Methods: In this study, we analyzed the DNA methylation profiles of PLWH (n = 187) shortly before and approximately 2-3 years after they started HAART, as well as matched seronegative (SN) controls (n = 187), taken at two time intervals. Our aim was to identify specific CpGs and biologic pathways associated with HIV infection and initiation of HAART. Additionally, we attempted to identify epigenetic changes associated with HAART initiation that were independent of HIV-associated changes, using matched HIV seronegative (SN) controls (matched on age, hepatitis C status, and interval between visits) to identify CpGs that did not differ between PLWH and SN pre-HAART but were significantly associated with HAART initiation while being unrelated to HIV viral load. Epigenome-wid
10.3389/fbinf.2024.1357889
38855142
PMC11157437
DNA methylation; EWAS; HIV; antiretroviral therapy; bioinformatics; epigenetics.
Joshua Zhang, Mary E Sehl, Roger Shih, Elizabeth Crabb Breen, Fengxue Li, Ake T Lu, Jay H Bream, Priya Duggal, Jeremy Martinson, Steven M Wolinsky, Otoniel Martinez-Maza, Christina M Ramirez, Steve Horvath, Beth D Jamieson (2024). Effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy initiation on epigenomic DNA methylation in persons living with HIV. Front Bioinform, (), . PMC11157437
Journal Article
Decreased but persistent epigenetic age acceleration is associated with changes in T-cell subsets after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy in persons living with HIV
Front Bioinform
2024
May 24
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38855141/
Introduction: Persons living with HIV (PLWH) experience the early onset of age-related illnesses, even in the setting of successful human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) suppression with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). HIV infection is associated with accelerated epigenetic aging as measured using DNA methylation (DNAm)-based estimates of biological age and of telomere length (TL). Methods: DNAm levels (Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 200 PLWH and 199 HIV-seronegative (SN) participants matched on chronologic age, hepatitis C virus, and time intervals were used to calculate epigenetic age acceleration, expressed as age-adjusted acceleration residuals from 4 epigenetic clocks [Horvath's pan-tissue age acceleration residual (AAR), extrinsic epigenetic age acceleration (EEAA), phenotypic epigenetic age acceleration (PEAA), and grim epigenetic age acceleration (GEAA)] plus age-adjusted DNAm-based TL (aaDNAmTL). Epigenetic age accel
10.3389/fbinf.2024.1356509
38855141
PMC11157435
DNA methylation; aging; antiretroviral therapy; epigenetic clock; human immunodeficiency virus.
Mary E Sehl, Elizabeth Crabb Breen, Roger Shih, Fengxue Li, Joshua Zhang, Peter Langfelder, Steve Horvath, Jay H Bream, Priya Duggal, Jeremy Martinson, Steven M Wolinsky, Otoniel Martinez-Maza, Christina M Ramirez, Beth D Jamieson (2024). Decreased but persistent epigenetic age acceleration is associated with changes in T-cell subsets after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy in persons living with HIV. Front Bioinform, (), . PMC11157435
Journal Article
Incidence of erectile dysfunction among middle-aged and aging sexual minority men living with or without HIV
Front Public Health
2024
Jan 24
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38327572/
Introduction: Erectile dysfunction (ED) has been established as a comorbidity among men living with HIV, but comparisons by HIV serostatus of ED incidence in a longitudinal follow-up cohort of men are lacking. We sought to evaluate the incidence of ED spanning a period of 12 years in a longitudinal cohort of sexual minority men (SMM) living with and without HIV. Methods: We analyzed ED incidence data for 625 participants in the longitudinal Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study from visits spanning October 2006 to April 2019. Results: SMM living with HIV were more likely to have incident ED compared with those living without HIV (rate ratio: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.14-1.75). Older age, current diabetes, cumulative cigarette use, and cumulative antidepressant use were associated with increased incidence of ED in the entire sample. Self-identifying as Hispanic, current diabetes, and cumulative antidepressant use were positively associated with ED incidence among SMM living with HIV. Cumulative cigaret
10.3389/fpubh.2024.1302024
38327572
PMC10847322
HIV; erectile dysfunction incidence; human immunodeficiency virus; multicenter AIDS cohort study; sexual minority men.
Aishat Mustapha, Brittanny M Polanka, Mansi Maini, Deanna P Ware, Xiuhong Li, Trevor A Hart, Todd Brown, Frank Palella, Pamina M Gorbach, Ken Ho, Michael Plankey (2024). Incidence of erectile dysfunction among middle-aged and aging sexual minority men living with or without HIV. Front Public Health, (), . PMC10847322
Journal Article
Characterization of unique B-cell populations in circulation of people living with HIV prior to non-Hodgkin lymphoma diagnosis
Front. Immunol.
2024
Aug 20
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1441994/abstract
People living with HIV (PLWH) are at higher risk of developing lymphoma. In this study, we performed cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells of cART-naïve HIV+ individuals and cART-naïve HIV+ individuals prior to AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin lymphoma (pre-NHL) diagnosis. Participants were enrolled in the Los Angeles site of the MACS/WIHS Combined Cohort Study (MWCCS). Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) and unsupervised clustering analysis was performed to identify differences in the expression of B-cell activation markers and/or oncogenic markers associated with lymphomagenesis. CD10+CD27- B-cells, CD20+CD27- B-cells, and B-cell populations with aberrant features (CD20+CD27+CXCR4+CD71+ B-cells and CD20+CXCR4+cMYC+ B-cells) were significantly elevated in HIV+ cART-naïve compared to HIV-negative samples. CD20+CD27+CD24+CXCR4+CXCR5+ B-cells, CD20+CD27+CD10+CD24+CXCR4+cMYC+ B-cells, and a cluster of CD20+CXCR4hiCD27-CD24+CXCR5+CD40+CD4+AIC
10.3389/fimmu.2024.1441994
39324141
PMC11422120
mass cytometry, B-cells, B regulatory cells, HIV+ cART-naïve, HIV+ pre-NHL (cART-naïve)
Laura E. Martinez, Begonya Comin- Anduix, Miriam Guemes, Javier Ibarrondo, Roger Detels, Matthew Mimiaga, Marta Epeldegui (2024). Characterization of unique B-cell populations in circulation of people living with HIV prior to non-Hodgkin lymphoma diagnosis . Front. Immunol., (), . PMC11422120
Journal Article
Metabolic and inflammatory perturbation of diabetes associated gut dysbiosis in people living with and without HIV infection
Genome Medicine
2024
Apr 20
https://genomemedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13073-024-01336-1
Background Gut dysbiosis has been linked with both HIV infection and diabetes, but its interplay with metabolic and inflammatory responses in diabetes, particularly in the context of HIV infection, remains unclear. Methods We first conducted a cross-sectional association analysis to characterize the gut microbial, circulating metabolite, and immune/inflammatory protein features associated with diabetes in up to 493 women (~ 146 with prevalent diabetes with 69.9% HIV +) of the Women’s Interagency HIV Study. Prospective analyses were then conducted to determine associations of identified metabolites with incident diabetes over 12 years of follow-up in 694 participants (391 women from WIHS and 303 men from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study; 166 incident cases were recorded) with and without HIV infection. Mediation analyses were conducted to explore whether gut bacteria–diabetes associations are explained by altered metabolites and proteins. Results Seven gut bacterial genera were ident
10.1186/s13073-024-01336-1
38643166
PMC11032597
Blood metabolome; Diabetes; Gut dysbiosis; Gut metagenome; HIV infection; Inflammatory proteome; Multi-omics integration
Kai Luo, Brandilyn A. Peters, Jee-Young Moon, Xiaonan Xue, Zheng Wang, Mykhaylo Usyk, David B. Hanna, Alan L. Landay, Michael F. Schneider, Deborah Gustafson, Kathleen M. Weber, Audrey French, Anjali Sharma, Kathryn Anastos, Tao Wang, Todd Brown, Clary B. Clish, Robert C. Kaplan, Rob Knight, Robert D. Burk & Qibin Qi (2024). Metabolic and inflammatory perturbation of diabetes associated gut dysbiosis in people living with and without HIV infection. Genome Medicine, (), . PMC11032597
Journal Article
Neurocognitive Functioning in People with HIV
Handbook of Aviation Neuropsychology: A Practical Guide for the Clinician
2024
https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=lang_en&id=V_AwEQAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA434&dq=%22WIHS%22&ots=idUiT7iRpA&sig=_9jSW-FJoq_q7o-0U9YMFoInaGQ#v=onepage&q=%22WIHS%22&f=false
Neurocognitive Function in People with HIV: Implications for Pilots and Air Traffic Controllers
Book Section
Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Falls in Men and Women Living With and Without HIV: MACS/WIHS Combined Cohort Study
Innovation in Aging
2024
Dec 31
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11692040/
Falls risk assessment tools underestimate the risk among People Living with HIV (PLWH). The aim of this cross-sectional analysis was to measure associations between American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) 10-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk scores and history of falls in a multi-center United States cohort of PLWH and similar people living without HIV (PLWOH). CVD risk was categorized as low, borderline, intermediate and high (< 5%, 5-7.4%, 7.5-19.9% and ≥20%, respectively) and history of falls was ascertained using a standardized protocol across study sites. Among n=2728 participants (Men, n=939, 578 MLWH/361 MLWOH; (Women, n= 1789, 1274 WLWH/515 WLWOH), median ages were 58 (IQR:51-65) and 55 (IQR:49-60) years for men and women, respectively. Median CVD risk within 10 years was 11% (IQR:6%-18%) and 5% (2%-11%) for men and women, respectively. All analyses were adjusted for age and stratified by sex and HIV status. Higher CVD risk was associated with i
10.1093/geroni/igae098.3817
PMC11692040
Elizabeth Vasquez, Mark Kuniholm, Allison Appleton, Anjali Sharma, Michael Yin, Todd Brown, Phyllis Tien, Deborah Gustafson (2024). Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Falls in Men and Women Living With and Without HIV: MACS/WIHS Combined Cohort Study. Innovation in Aging, (), . PMC11692040
Journal Article
Lifetime and Current Cannabis Use by Older Women with HIV Participating in the MACS/WIHS Combined Cohort Study
Innovation in Aging
2024
Dec 31
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11690029/
The proportion of persons living with HIV who use cannabis is 2-3 times higher than the general population with past-year use rates ranging from 23%-56% in persons with HIV compared to 13% in persons without. A Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) found cannabis use by women to be 27%. We will present findings from interviews with 30 women aged 60+ enrolled in the MWCCS Cook County site. Guided by the socioecological framework, the interviews explore the multi-level influences on cannabis use decision-making and health outcomes. Our thematic analysis focuses on the following influences: 1) individual (attitudes, knowledge, health conditions); 2) Relationship (social connections/responsibilities); 3) Community (medical), and 4) Societal (legalization). We also explore cannabis use drivers on HIV-related pain relief, anxiety, and stress. As cannabis use among chronically ill persons continues to rise, it is important to understand the factors that influence use and health outcomes.
10.1093/geroni/igae098.1243
PMC11690029
Julie Bobitt (2024). Lifetime and Current Cannabis Use by Older Women with HIV Participating in the MACS/WIHS Combined Cohort Study. Innovation in Aging, (), . PMC11690029
Journal Article
Social Connections and Falls Among Older Women With and Without HIV in the United States
Innovation in Aging
2024
Dec 31
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11693003/
Falls affect one in four older adults annually and are linked to biological and environmental risk factors. Women with HIV (WWH) may be particularly vulnerable due to lower social support and higher loneliness but their relationship with falls is not well understood. We analyzed data from 1,068 women aged 50 and older in the 2017 Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). Social connections were evaluated using the Multidimensional Social Support Scale, which queries respondents about issues such as support for sharing private worries and help with medical appointments. Loneliness was defined as a score of 6-9 on the UCLA Loneliness Scale (range 0-9). Logistic regression models estimated associations between social connections and loneliness with falls, adjusting for age, education, alcohol use, smoking, and total of comorbidities. Falls were reported by 31.5% of participants, with similar rates between WWH and women without HIV (WWoH) (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=1.08; 95%CI 0.79,1.49). Lone
10.1093/geroni/igae098.4078
PMC11693003
Lien Quach, Patricia Lloyd, Kristine M Erlandson, Tracey Wilson, Anna Rubtsova, Anjali Sharma, Jeffrey Burr, Mark Siedner (2024). Social Connections and Falls Among Older Women With and Without HIV in the United States. Innovation in Aging, (), . PMC11693003
Journal Article
HIV Stigma and Cognition Among Older Women Living with HIV
Innovation in Aging
2024
Dec 31
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11693249/
Internalized HIV stigma refers to the negative beliefs, feelings, and attitudes that people living with HIV (PLHIV) adopt about themselves due to societal HIV stigma. Internalized HIV stigma negatively impacts mental health. Up to 55% of PLWH experience HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. This study examines longitudinal associations between internalized HIV stigma and cognition among women aged 50+ living with HIV in the historic Women’s Interagency HIV Study. Internalized HIV stigma was measured between 2013-2015 using the negative self-image sub-scale of the HIV stigma scale. Seven cognitive domains (executive function, processing speed, attention/working memory, verbal learning, verbal memory, verbal fluency, and fine motor function) were assessed using a validated cognitive battery at baseline (2013-2017) and 2-3 years later. Demographically adjusted T-scores were calculated for each domain with higher scores indicating better performance. A global cognition score was compute
10.1093/geroni/igae098.4206
PMC11693249
Thi Vu, Jenni Wise, Deborah Jones Weiss, Monica Diaz, Aruna Chandran, Sheri Weiser, Leah Rubin, Joan Monin (2024). HIV Stigma and Cognition Among Older Women Living with HIV. Innovation in Aging, (), . PMC11693249
Journal Article
Plasma Protein Biomarkers and their Correlation to Cognitive Performance in Women Living with HIV
Innovation in Aging
2024
Dec 31
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11691818/
Background Individual plasma protein biomarkers have been shown to correlate to cognitive performance in people with HIV (PWH). This study aimed to investigate the association between plasma proteomic signatures and cognition in virologically well-controlled women with HIV (WWH). Methods Seventy-seven WWH from three Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) sites completed neuropsychological (NP) testing and a blood draw. Targeted protein biomarkers were analyzed using a multiplexing method. Random forest analysis was used to identify the top 10 positively or negatively biomarkers associated with cognitive function. Next, ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) was used to facilitate data interpretation. Results Tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNF RI), TNF RII, interleukin 1 receptor 1 (IL-1RI), and IL-6R are negatively associated with attention/working memory; IL-7 and CD40 are positively associated with executive function; IL-1RI, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), transforming growth factor be
10.1093/geroni/igae098.2784
PMC11691818
Wei Li, Ge Wang, David Vance, Daniel Li (2024). Plasma Protein Biomarkers and their Correlation to Cognitive Performance in Women Living with HIV. Innovation in Aging, (), . PMC11691818
Journal Article
Microfluidic Isolation of Neuronal-Enriched Extracellular Vesicles Shows Distinct and Common Neurological Proteins in Long COVID, HIV Infection and Alzheimer's Disease
Int J Mol Sci
2024
Mar 29
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38612641/
Long COVID (LongC) is associated with a myriad of symptoms including cognitive impairment. We reported at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic that neuronal-enriched or L1CAM+ extracellular vesicles (nEVs) from people with LongC contained proteins associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Since that time, a subset of people with prior COVID infection continue to report neurological problems more than three months after infection. Blood markers to better characterize LongC are elusive. To further identify neuronal proteins associated with LongC, we maximized the number of nEVs isolated from plasma by developing a hybrid EV Microfluidic Affinity Purification (EV-MAP) technique. We isolated nEVs from people with LongC and neurological complaints, AD, and HIV infection with mild cognitive impairment. Using the OLINK platform that assesses 384 neurological proteins, we identified 11 significant proteins increased in LongC and 2 decreased (BST1, GGT1). Fourteen proteins were increased in A
10.3390/ijms25073830
38612641
PMC11011771
Alzheimer’s disease; HIV; L1CAM; OLINK; extracellular vesicles; long COVID; microfluidics.
Lynn Pulliam, Bing Sun, Erin McCafferty, Steven A Soper, Malgorzata A Witek, Mengjia Hu, Judith M Ford, Sarah Song, Dimitrios Kapogiannis, Marshall J Glesby, Daniel Merenstein, Phyllis C Tien, Heather Freasier, Audrey French, Heather McKay, Monica M Diaz, Igho Ofotokun, Jordan E Lake, Joseph B Margolick, Eun-Young Kim, Steven R Levine, Margaret A Fischl, Wei Li, Jeremy Martinson, Norina Tang (2024). Microfluidic Isolation of Neuronal-Enriched Extracellular Vesicles Shows Distinct and Common Neurological Proteins in Long COVID, HIV Infection and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci, (), . PMC11011771
Journal Article
M-estimation for common epidemiological measures: introduction and applied examples
International Journal of Epidemiology
2024
Feb 29
https://academic.oup.com/ije/article/53/2/dyae030/7616672
M-estimation is a statistical procedure that is particularly advantageous for some comon epidemiological analyses, including approaches to estimate an adjusted marginal risk contrast (i.e. inverse probability weighting and g-computation) and data fusion. In such settings, maximum likelihood variance estimates are not consistent. Thus, epidemiologists often resort to bootstrap to estimate the variance. In contrast, M-estimation allows for consistent variance estimates in these settings without requiring the computational complexity of the bootstrap. In this paper, we introduce M-estimation and provide four illustrative examples of implementation along with software code in multiple languages. M-estimation is a flexible and computationally efficient estimation procedure that is a powerful addition to the epidemiologist’s toolbox.
10.1093/ije/dyae030
38423105
PMC10904145
M-estimation, estimating equations, logistic regression, standardization, data fusion
Rachael K Ross, Paul N Zivich, Jeffrey S A Stringer, Stephen R Cole (2024). M-estimation for common epidemiological measures: introduction and applied examples. International Journal of Epidemiology, (), . PMC10904145
Journal Article
Tryptophan-Kynurenine Pathway Activation and Cognition in Virally Suppressed Women With HIV
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2024
Jul 9
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38985447/
Background: Immune and cognitive dysfunction persists even in virally suppressed women with HIV (VS-WWH). Since inflammation and HIV proteins induce the enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), converting tryptophan (T) to kynurenine (K) while producing downstream neurotoxic metabolites, we investigated IDO activation (KT ratio) in relation to cognition in VS-WWH and demographically similar women without HIV (WWoH). Methods: Ninety-nine VS-WWH on stable antiretroviral therapy and 102 WWoH (median age 52 vs 54 years; 73% vs 74% Black, respectively) from the New York and Chicago sites of the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) completed a neuropsychological test battery assessing motor function, processing speed, attention/working memory, verbal fluency, verbal learning and memory, and executive function and had plasma measured for tryptophan-kynurenine metabolites through liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and monocyte-derived [soluble cluster of differentiation-14 (sCD14
10.1097/QAI.0000000000003454
38985447
PMC11236271
HIV, cognition, neuroinflammation, IDO, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, TK pathway
Eran Frank Shorer, Raha M Dastgheyb, Audrey L French, Elizabeth Daubert, Ralph Morack, Tsion Yohannes, Clary Clish, Deborah Gustafson, Anjali Sharma, Andre Rogando, Qibin Qi, Helen Burgess, Leah H Rubin, Kathleen M Weber (2024). Tryptophan-Kynurenine Pathway Activation and Cognition in Virally Suppressed Women With HIV. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, (), . PMC11236271
Journal Article
Relationships Between Hepatic Steatosis and Frailty Differ by HIV Serostatus
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2024
Oct 1
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39250650/
Background: Frailty is associated with obesity-related comorbidities, but the relationship with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in people with HIV has been incompletely described. Our objective was to assess the associations between NAFLD and frailty. Methods: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. NAFLD was defined as a liver/spleen ratio <1.0 on abdominal computed tomography scans; frailty was defined by the frailty phenotype as having 3 of the following: weakness, slowness, weight loss, exhaustion, and low physical activity. Results: Men without (n = 200) and with HIV (n = 292) were included. NAFLD prevalence was 21% vs 16% and frailty 12% vs 17%, respectively. Among men with NAFLD, frailty was more prevalent in men without HIV (21% vs 11%). In multivariate analysis, NAFLD was significantly associated with frailty after controlling for significant variables. Men without HIV and NAFLD had 2.6 times higher probability [95% con
10.1097/QAI.0000000000003477
39250650
Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Frailty* / epidemiology; HIV Infections* / complications; HIV Seropositivity / complications; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease* / complications; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease* / epidemiology; Prevalence
Paula Debroy, Benjamin W Barrett, Kristine M Erlandson, Matthew Budoff, Todd T Brown, Jennifer C Price, Wendy S Post, Valentina Stosor, Carling Skavarca, Gypsyamber D'Souza, Jordan E Lake (2024). Relationships Between Hepatic Steatosis and Frailty Differ by HIV Serostatus. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, (), .
Journal Article
The Implications of Removing Race From Interpretation of Pulmonary Function Among Persons With or Without HIV
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2024
Dec 3
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39623526/#:~:text=Conclusion%3A%20The%20race%2Dneutral%20application,in%20identifying%20clinically%20relevant%20impairments.
Background: Studies suggest that the use of race-specific pulmonary function reference equations may obscure racial inequities in respiratory health. Whether removing race from the interpretation of pulmonary function would influence analyses of HIV and pulmonary function is unknown. Setting: Pulmonary function measurements from 1,067 men (591 with HIV) in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) and 1,661 women (1,175 with HIV) in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) were analyzed. Methods: Percent-of-predicted values for spirometry and single-breath diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide (DLCO) measurements were generated with race-specific reference equations derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and with the race-neutral application of reference equations derived from the Global Lung Function Initiative database. Regression models were used to evaluate the association between HIV and percent-of-predicted measures of pulmonary function. Alpaydin's F
10.1097/QAI.0000000000003579
39623526
Richard J Wang, Ken M Kunisaki, Alison Morris, M Bradley Drummond, Mehdi Nouraie, Laurence Huang, Phyllis C Tien, Aaron D Baugh, Igor Barjaktarevic, Neha Bhandari, Surya P Bhatt, Gypsyamber D'Souza, Margaret A Fischl, Robert F Foronjy, Robert L Jensen, Deepa G Lazarous, Ighovwerha Ofotokun, Divya Reddy, Valentina Stosor, Meredith C McCormack, Sarath Raju (2024). The Implications of Removing Race From Interpretation of Pulmonary Function Among Persons With or Without HIV. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, (), .
Journal Article
Development of a refined harmonization approach for longitudinal cognitive data in people with HIV
J Clin Epidemiol
2024
Nov 28
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39615660/
Objective: The aim of this study was to develop a refined method for harmonizing longitudinal cognitive data across several large-scale studies in people with HIV (PWH), in whom cognitive complications are common and heterogeneous in presentation. Study design and setting: We developed a refined method for harmonizing longitudinal cognitive data across five large-scale studies in PWH that used different cognitive batteries with only some overlapping tests-Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), CNS HIV Antiretroviral Therapy Effects Research (CHARTER), National NeuroAIDS Tissue Consortium (NNTC), and the HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program (HNRP). Traditional data harmonization methods using latent variable models focus on cross-sectional data and require the presence of common cognitive tests to serve as "linking" assessments. However, the absence of such common tests for certain cognitive domains can preclude the direct application of these tradi
10.1016/j.jclinepi.2024.111620
39615660
Cognition; Factor model; HIV; Harmonization; Psychometrics
Lang Lang, Leah H Rubin, Raha M Dastgheyb, David E Vance, Scott L Letendre, Donald R Franklin Jr, Yanxun Xu (2024). Development of a refined harmonization approach for longitudinal cognitive data in people with HIV. J Clin Epidemiol, (), .
Journal Article
Transgender Women With Suppressed Testosterone Display Lower Burden of Coronary Disease Than Matched Cisgender Men
J Endocr Soc
2024
Jun 27
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38974987/
Context: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) in transgender women (TW) may be affected by gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) and HIV, but few data compare TW on contemporary GAHT to well-matched controls. Objective: We compared CVD burden and biomarker profiles between TW and matched cisgender men (CM). Methods: Adult TW on GAHT (n = 29) were recruited for a cross-sectional study (2018-2020). CM (n = 48) from the former Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study were matched 2:1 to TW on HIV serostatus, age ±5 years, race/ethnicity, BMI category and antiretroviral therapy (ART) type. Cardiac parameters were measured by CT and coronary atherosclerosis by coronary CT angiography; sex hormone and biomarker concentrations were measured centrally from stored samples. Results: Overall, median age was 53 years and BMI 29 kg/m2; 69% were non-white. All participants with HIV (71%) had viral suppression on ART. Only 31% of TW had testosterone suppression (<50 ng/dL, TW-S). Traditional CVD risk factors were
10.1210/jendso/bvae120
38974987
PMC11223995
Jordan E Lake, Han Feng, Ana N Hyatt, Hongyu Miao, Paula Debroy, Nicholas Funderburg, Kate Ailstock, Adrian Dobs, Sabina Haberlen, Jared W Magnani, Joseph B Margolick, Kate McGowan, Frank J Palella, Mallory D Witt, Shalender Bhasin, Matthew J Budoff, Wendy S Post, Todd T Brown (2024). Transgender Women With Suppressed Testosterone Display Lower Burden of Coronary Disease Than Matched Cisgender Men. J Endocr Soc, (), . PMC11223995
Journal Article
Muscle Quality And Physical Function In Men With And Without Hiv
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci
2024
Sep 18
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39288937/
Background: People with HIV (PWH) experience faster physical decline than those without HIV (PWoH), despite antiretroviral therapy. We compared skeletal muscle density and area and their relationship with physical function among PWH and PWoH. Methods: Quantitative computed tomography (CT) scans were performed at the L4-L5 spinal region and the thigh to evaluate muscle groups in Multicenter AIDS Cohort (MACS) participants at baseline. Using exploratory factor analysis, we summarized aggregated muscle measures based on factor loadings. Longitudinal associations between muscle area and density with gait speed and grip strength were examined using multivariable linear regression models with generalized estimating equations, adjusting for demographics, HIV serostatus, and other health metrics. Results: We included 798 men (61% of PWH). The median age was 54 years (IQR: 49-59), 61% were White, 32% Black, and 10% Hispanic. Among them, 22% had a BMI over 30 kg/m2, and 14% had diabetes. Two f
10.1093/gerona/glae229
39288937
PMC11497161
HIV; Muscle density; exploratory factor analysis; muscle area; physical function
Jing Sun, Grace L Ditzenberger, Todd T Brown, Susan Langan, Hsing-Yu Hsu, Derek Ng, Frank J Palella, Jordan E Lake, Lawrence A Kingsley, Susan L Koletar, Wendy Post, Kristine M Erlandson (2024). Muscle Quality And Physical Function In Men With And Without Hiv . J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, (), . PMC11497161
Journal Article
Persistence of a Skewed Repertoire of NK Cells in People with HIV-1 on Long-Term Antiretroviral Therapy
J Immunol.
2024
May 15
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38551350/
HIV-1 infection greatly alters the NK cell phenotypic and functional repertoire. This is highlighted by the expansion of a rare population of FcRγ- NK cells exhibiting characteristics of traditional immunologic memory in people with HIV (PWH). Although current antiretroviral therapy (ART) effectively controls HIV-1 viremia and disease progression, its impact on HIV-1-associated NK cell abnormalities remains unclear. To address this, we performed a longitudinal analysis detailing conventional and memory-like NK cell characteristics in n = 60 PWH during the first 4 y of ART. Throughout this regimen, a skewed repertoire of cytokine unresponsive FcRγ- memory-like NK cells persisted and accompanied an overall increase in NK surface expression of CD57 and KLRG1, suggestive of progression toward immune senescence. These traits were linked to elevated serum inflammatory biomarkers and increasing Ab titers to human CMV, with human CMV viremia detected in approximately one-third of PWH at years
10.4049/jimmunol.2300672
38551350
PMC11073922
Adult, Anti-Retroviral Agents / therapeutic use, CD57 Antigens* / immunology, Cytomegalovirus Infections / drug therapy, Cytomegalovirus Infections / immunology, Female, HIV Infections* / drug therapy, HIV Infections* / immunology, HIV Infections* / virology, HIV-1* / immunology, Humans, Immunologic Memory / immunology, Killer Cells, Natural* / immunology, Lectins, C-Type / immunology, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Receptors, IgG / immunology, Receptors, Immunologic, Viremia / drug therapy, Viremia / immunology
Renee R Anderko, Allison E DePuyt, Rhianna Bronson, Arlene C Bullotta, Evgenia Aga, Ronald J Bosch, R Brad Jones, Joseph J Eron, John W Mellors, Rajesh T Gandhi, Deborah K McMahon, Bernard J Macatangay, Charles R Rinaldo, Robbie B Mailliard (2024). Persistence of a Skewed Repertoire of NK Cells in People with HIV-1 on Long-Term Antiretroviral Therapy. J Immunol., (), . PMC11073922
Journal Article
Case-Control Study of Cervicovaginal Beta-/Gamma-HPV Infection in Women with HIV and Its Relation with Incident Cervical Precancer
J Infect Dis.
2024
Nov 27
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39601267/
We studied cervicovaginal β-/γ-human papillomavirus (HPV) and their relationship to cervical precancer in women with HIV (WWH); having previously reported strong positive associations of β-/γ-HPV with incident head and neck cancer in the general population. Cases (N=124) had cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)-3 or CIN-2. Controls (N=247) were individually matched 2:1 to cases. Unexpectedly, multivariate analyses found strong inverse associations between β-/γ-HPV and CIN-2/CIN-3 (OR=0.19; 95% CI 0.04-0.86; P=0.03) with Ptrend<0.01. This is, to our knowledge, the first study of β-/γ-HPV and cervical precancer. If confirmed, a strong inverse (protective) association would be of potential clinical and biologic relevance.
10.1093/infdis/jiae588
39601267
CIN-3; Women with HIV (WWH); cervical precancer; human immunodeficiency Virus (HIV); human papillomavirus (HPV); β-/γ-HPV.
The replication-competent HIV reservoir is a genetically restricted, younger subset of the overall pool of HIV proviruses persisting during therapy, which is highly genetically stable over time
J Virol
2024
Jan 12
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38214547/
Within-host HIV populations continually diversify during untreated infection, and this diversity persists within infected cell reservoirs during antiretroviral therapy (ART). Achieving a better understanding of on-ART proviral evolutionary dynamics, and a better appreciation of how the overall persisting pool of (largely genetically defective) proviruses differs from the much smaller replication-competent HIV reservoir, is critical to HIV cure efforts. We reconstructed within-host HIV evolutionary histories in blood from seven participants of the Women's Interagency HIV Study who experienced HIV seroconversion, and used these data to characterize the diversity, lineage origins, and ages of proviral env-gp120 sequences sampled longitudinally up to 12 years on ART. We also studied HIV sequences emerging from the reservoir in two participants. We observed that proviral clonality generally increased over time on ART, with clones frequently persisting long term. While on-ART proviral integr
10.1128/jvi.01655-23
38214547
PMC10878278
HIV; genetic stability; molecular dating; persistence; phylogenetics; rebound
Aniqa Shahid, Signe MacLennan, Bradley R. Jones, Hanwei Sudderuddin, Zhong Dang, Kyle Cobarrubias, Maggie C. Duncan, Natalie N. Kinloch, Michael J. Dapp, Nancie M Archin, Margaret A. Fischl, Igho Ofotokun, Adaora Adimora, Stephen Gange, Bradley Aouizerat, Mark H. Kuniholm, Seble Kassaye, James I. Mullins, Harris Goldstein, Jeffrey B. Joy, Kathryn Anastos, Zabrina L. Brumme (2024). The replication-competent HIV reservoir is a genetically restricted, younger subset of the overall pool of HIV proviruses persisting during therapy, which is highly genetically stable over time. J Virol, (), . PMC10878278
Journal Article
Prediction of differential Gag versus Env responses to a mosaic HIV-1 vaccine regimen by HLA class I alleles
J Virol
2024
Jul 24
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39046263/
HLA class I variation has the strongest effect genome-wide on outcome after HIV infection, and as such, an understanding of the impact of HLA polymorphism on response to HIV vaccination may inform vaccine design. We sought HLA associations with HIV-directed immunogenicity in the phase 1/2a APPROACH vaccine trial, which tested vaccine regimens containing mosaic inserts in Ad26 and MVA vectors, with or without a trimeric gp140 protein. While there were no HLA allelic associations with the overall cellular immune response to the vaccine assessed by ELISpot (Gag, Pol, and Env combined), significant associations with differential response to Gag compared to Env antigens were observed. Notably, HLA class I alleles known to associate with disease susceptibility in HIV natural history cohorts are associated with stronger Env-directed responses, whereas protective alleles are associated with stronger Gag-directed responses. Mean viral loads determined for each HLA allele in untreated individual
10.1128/jvi.00281-24
39046263
PMC11338073
HIV proteins; HIV vaccine; HLA class I
George W. Nelson, Janine van Duijn, Yuko Yuki, Maria G. Pau, Frank Tomaka, Ludo Lavreys, Steven C. DeRosa, M. Juliana McElrath, Gregory D. Kirk, Nelson L. Michael, David W. Haas, Steven G. Deeks, Steven Wolinsky, Bruce Walker, Dan H. Barouch, Daniel Stieh, Mary Carrington (2024). Prediction of differential Gag versus Env responses to a mosaic HIV-1 vaccine regimen by HLA class I alleles. J Virol, (), . PMC11338073
Journal Article
Population Density and Health Outcomes in Women with HIV in the Southern United States: A Retrospective Longitudinal Analysis
J Womens Health (Larchmt)
2024
Jun 12
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38864119/
Purpose: Published studies have revealed challenges for people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) living in rural areas compared to those in urban areas, such as poor access to HIV care, insufficient transportation, and isolation. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between population density and multiple psychosocial and clinical outcomes in the largest cohort of women with HIV (WWH) in the United States. Methods: Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) participants from Southern sites (n = 561) in 2013-2018 were categorized and compared by population density quartiles. The most urban quartile was compared with the most rural quartile in several psychosocial and clinical variables, including HIV viral load suppression, HIV medication adherence, HIV care attendance, depression, internalized HIV stigma, and perceived discrimination in healthcare settings. Results: Although women in the lowest density quartile were unexpectedly more highly resourced, women in that qua
10.1089/jwh.2023.0698
38864119
HIV outcomes; HIV/AIDS; Southern US; population density; urbanicity.
D Konkle-Parker, J D Cleveland, D Long, V Nair, M Fischl, G Wingood, A Edmonds (2024). Population Density and Health Outcomes in Women with HIV in the Southern United States: A Retrospective Longitudinal Analysis. J Womens Health (Larchmt), (), .
Journal Article
Frequent Cocaine Use is Associated with Larger HIV Latent Reservoir Size
JAIDS
2024
Oct 1
https://journals.lww.com/jaids/abstract/2024/10010/frequent_cocaine_use_is_associated_with_larger_hiv.8.aspx
Background: Cocaine—one of the most frequently abused illicit drugs among persons living with HIV [people living with HIV (PLWH)]—slows the decline of viral production after antiretroviral therapy and is associated with higher HIV viral load, more rapid HIV progression, and increased mortality. Setting: We examined the impact of cocaine use on the CD4+ T-cell HIV latent reservoir (HLR) in virally suppressed PLWH participating in a national, longitudinal cohort study of the natural and treated history of HIV in the United States. Methods: CD4+ T-cell genomic DNA from 434 women of diverse ancestry (ie, 75% Black, 14% Hispanic, 12% White) who self-reported cocaine use (ie, 160 cocaine users, 59 prior users, 215 non-users) was analyzed using the Intact Proviral HIV DNA Assay, measuring intact provirus per 106 CD4+ T cells. Findings: HIV latent reservoir size differed by cocaine use (ie, median [interquartile range]: 72 [14–193] for never users, 165 [63–387] for prior users, 184 [28–
10.1097/QAI.0000000000003472
39250649
Aouizerat BE, Garcia JN, Domingues CV, Xu K; Quach BC, Page GP, Konkle-Parker D, Bolivar HH. Lahiri CD, Golub ET, Cohen MH, Kassaye SG, DeHovitz J, Kuniholm MH, Archin NM, Tien PC, Hancock DB, Johnson EO (2024). Frequent Cocaine Use is Associated with Larger HIV Latent Reservoir Size. JAIDS, 97(2), 156-164.
Journal Article
Menopause and estrogen associations with gut barrier, microbial translocation, and immune activation biomarkers in women with and without HIV
JAIDS
2024
Jun 13
https://journals.lww.com/jaids/abstract/9900/menopause_and_estrogen_associations_with_gut.434.aspx
Objectives: Estrogens may protect the gut barrier and reduce microbial translocation and immune activation, which are prevalent in HIV infection. We investigated relationships of the menopausal transition and estrogens with gut barrier, microbial translocation, and immune activation biomarkers in women with and without HIV. Design: Longitudinal and cross-sectional studies nested in the Women’s Interagency HIV Study. Methods: Intestinal fatty acid binding protein (IFAB), lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), and soluble CD14 (sCD14) levels were measured in serum from 77 women (43 with HIV) before, during, and after the menopausal transition (∼6 measures per woman over ∼13 years). A separate cross-sectional analysis was conducted among 72 post-menopausal women with HIV with these biomarkers and serum estrogens. Results: Women in the longitudinal analysis were a median age of 43 years at baseline. In piece-wise linear mixed-effects models with cut-points 2 years before and afte
10.1097/QAI.0000000000003419
38905473
PMC11196004
Peters, Brandilyn A, Hanna, David B., Xue, Xiaonan, Weber, Kathleen, Appleton, Allison A., Kassaye, Seble G., Topper, Elizabeth, Tracy, Russell P., Guillemette, Chantal, Caron, Patrick, Tien, Phyllis C., Qi, Qibin, Burk, Robert D., Sharma, Anjali, Anastos, Kathryn, Kaplan, Robert C. (2024). Menopause and estrogen associations with gut barrier, microbial translocation, and immune activation biomarkers in women with and without HIV. JAIDS, (), . PMC11196004
Journal Article
Association of Androgen Hormones and Sex Hormone Binding Globulin and the Menopausal Transition with Incident Diabetes Mellitus in Women with and without HIV
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes
2024
Apr 15
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38180885/#:~:text=Conclusions%3A%20Despite%20alterations%20in%20androgen,of%20diabetes%20risk%20in%20WWH.
Background: HIV is associated with alterations in androgen hormone levels and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) in women. Higher SHBG has been associated with a lower risk of diabetes in the general population, but the contribution of HIV, androgen hormones, SHBG, and menopausal phase to diabetes is unclear. Methods: From April 2003 through February 2020, 896 women with HIV (WWH) and 343 women without HIV (WWOH) from the Women's Interagency HIV Study with morning total testosterone (TT), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), and SHBG levels were followed to assess for incident diabetes. Parametric regression models were used with age as the time scale and relative times (RT) as the measure of association of hormone level and menopausal phase with incident diabetes. Analyses incorporated time-dependent androgen hormone, SHBG levels, menopausal phase and were adjusted for race/ethnicity, enrollment year, smoking status, BMI, HCV status, and HIV-related factors. Results: 128 (14%) W
10.1097/QAI.0000000000003380
38180885
PMC10947917
Women, HIV, Diabetes, Sex Steroids, Menopause
Abelman RA, Schneider MF, Cox C, Messerlian G, Cohen M, Gustafson D, Plankey M, Sharma A, Price J, Grunfeld C, and Tien PC (2024). Association of Androgen Hormones and Sex Hormone Binding Globulin and the Menopausal Transition with Incident Diabetes Mellitus in Women with and without HIV. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes , (), . PMC10947917
Journal Article
Beyond the Numbers: Weight Gain Risk Factors, Implications, and Interventions among Individuals with HIV
Journal of AIDS and HIV Treatment
2024
Jan 06
https://www.scientificarchives.com/article/beyond-the-numbers-weight-gain-risk-factors-implications-and-interventions-among-individuals-with-hiv
Background: Advancements in antiretroviral therapy (ART) have significantly improved life expectancy, leading to an increased prevalence of older adults with HIV. This population may face challenges related to age-related comorbidities in addition to HIV and possibly antiretroviral therapy-related comorbidities. Among those, weight gain has emerged as an increasingly recognized problem raising clinical concern. This narrative review provides an overview of existing data and outlines risk factors, implications, and management strategies including ART switch, lifestyle modifications, and the use of weight-reducing pharmacologic agents. Body of evidence: Recent studies support the concept that weight gain following ART initiation is multifactorial and is associated with demographic-, HIV-, lifestyle-, and ART-related risk factors. Female sex, Black race, individuals presenting with low CD4 T-cell count and elevated HIV-1 viral load appear to be particularly susceptible to this weight gai
https://doi.org/10.33696/AIDS.6.047
HIV, Weight gain, Diet, GLP1-RA, Tenofovir, Integrase inhibitor
Yesha S. Patel, Carlos D. Malvestutto (2024). Beyond the Numbers: Weight Gain Risk Factors, Implications, and Interventions among Individuals with HIV. Journal of AIDS and HIV Treatment, (), .
Journal Article
Signals From Inflamed Perivascular Adipose Tissue Contribute to Small-Vessel Dysfunction in Women With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Journal of Infectious Diseases
2024
July 15
https://academic.oup.com/jid/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/infdis/jiae094/7617594?redirectedFrom=fulltext
Background People with the human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) have microvascular disease. Because perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) regulates microvascular function and adipose tissue is inflamed in PWH, we tested the hypothesis that PWH have inflamed PVAT that impairs the function of their small vessels. Methods Subcutaneous small arteries were dissected with or without PVAT from a gluteal skin biopsy from 11 women with treated HIV (WWH) aged < 50 years and 10 matched women without HIV, and studied on isometric myographs. Nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by fluorescence microscopy. Adipokines and markers of inflammation and ROS were assayed in PVAT. Results PVAT surrounding the small arteries in control women significantly (P < .05) enhanced acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation and NO, and reduced contractions to thromboxane and endothelin-1. However, these effects of PVAT were reduced significantly (P < .05) in WWH whose PVAT rele
https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiae094
38429000
PMC11272057
nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species, inflammation, thromboxane, endothelin-1, adiponectin
Christopher S Wilcox, Carly Herbert, Cheng Wang, Yuchi Ma, Philena Sun, Tian Li, Jennifer Verbesey, Princy Kumar, Seble Kassaye, William J Welch, Michael J Choi, Negiin Pourafshar, Dan Wang (2024). Signals From Inflamed Perivascular Adipose Tissue Contribute to Small-Vessel Dysfunction in Women With Human Immunodeficiency Virus . Journal of Infectious Diseases, (), . PMC11272057
Journal Article
Tryptophan-Kynurenine Metabolic Pathway and Daytime Dysfunction in Women with HIV
Journal of NeuroVirology
2024
Mar 12
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13365-024-01195-x
Sleep disturbances are prevalent in women with HIV (WWH). Tryptophan-kynurenine (T-K) pathway metabolites are associated with alterations in actigraphy derived sleep measures in WWH, although may not always correlate with functional impairment. We investigated the relationship between T-K pathway metabolites and self-reported daytime dysfunction in WWH and women without HIV (WWoH). 141 WWH on stable antiretroviral therapy and 140 demographically similar WWoH enrolled in the IDOze Study had targeted plasma T-K metabolites measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. We utilized the daytime dysfunction component of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to assess functional impairment across HIV-serostatus. Lower levels of 5-hydroxytryptophan and serotonin were associated with greater daytime dysfunction in all women. In WWH, daytime dysfunction was associated with increased kynurenic acid (R = 0.26, p < 0.05), and kynurenic acid-tryptophan (KA-T) ratio (R = 0.28, p 
10.1007/s13365-024-01195-x
38472641
PMC11531856
HIV infection; Kynurenine; Metabolomics; Sleep; Tryptophan; Women.
Eran F Shorer, Leah H Rubin, Audrey L French, Kathleen M Weber, Elizabeth Daubert, Ralph Morack, Clary Clish, Kevin Bullock, Deborah Gustafson, Anajli Sharma, Andrea C Rogando, Qibin Qi, Helen J Burgess, Raha M Dastgheyb1 (2024). Tryptophan-Kynurenine Metabolic Pathway and Daytime Dysfunction in Women with HIV. Journal of NeuroVirology, (), . PMC11531856
Journal Article
Co-Utilization of HIV, Substance Use, Mental Health Services Among Women With Current Substance Use: Opportunities for Integrated Care?
Journal of Primary Care & Community Health
2024
Sep 27
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39327860/
Background: The syndemic of HIV, substance use (SU), and mental illness has serious implications for HIV disease progression among women. We described co-utilization of HIV care, SU treatment, and mental health treatment among women with or at risk for HIV. Methods: We included data from women with or at risk for HIV (n = 2559) enrolled in all 10 sites of the Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) from 2013 to 2020. Current SU was defined as self-reported, non-medical use of drugs in the past year, excluding use of only marijuana. Tobacco and alcohol were assessed separately. We described co-utilization of SU treatment, tobacco and alcohol use treatment, HIV care, and mental health care in the past year among women who were eligible for each service. We compared service utilization by those who did/did not utilize SU treatment using Wald Chi-square tests. Results: Among women with current SU (n = 358), 42% reported utilizing SU treatment. Among those with current SU+HIV (n = 224), 84% sa
10.1177/21501319241285531
39327860
PMC11437548
HIV; substance use; women
Ayako W. Fujita, Aditi Ramakrishnan, C. Christina Mehta, Oyindamola B. Yusuf, Azure B. Thompson, Steven Shoptaw, Adam W. Carrico, Adaora A. Adimora, Ellen Eaton, Mardge H. Cohen, Jennifer P. Jain, Adebola Adedimeji, Michael Plankey, Deborah L. Jones, Aruna Chandran, Jonathan A. Colasanti, and Anandi N. Sheth (2024). Co-Utilization of HIV, Substance Use, Mental Health Services Among Women With Current Substance Use: Opportunities for Integrated Care?. Journal of Primary Care & Community Health, (), . PMC11437548
Journal Article
Synthesis estimators for transportability with positivity violations by a continuous covariate
Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A: Statistics in Society
2024
Sept 2
https://academic.oup.com/jrsssa/advance-article/doi/10.1093/jrsssa/qnae084/7747432
Studies intended to estimate the effect of a treatment, like randomized trials, may not be sampled from the desired target population. To correct for this discrepancy, estimates can be transported to the target population. Methods for transporting between populations are often premised on a positivity assumption, such that all relevant covariate patterns in one population are also present in the other. However, eligibility criteria, particularly in the case of trials, can result in violations of positivity when transporting to external populations. To address nonpositivity, a synthesis of statistical and mathematical models can be considered. This approach integrates multiple data sources (e.g. trials, observational, pharmacokinetic studies) to estimate treatment effects, leveraging mathematical models to handle positivity violations. This approach was previously demonstrated for positivity violations by a single binary covariate. Here, we extend the synthesis approach for positivity v
https://doi.org/10.1093/jrsssa/qnae084
data fusion, hybrid models, positivity, transportability
Paul N Zivich, Jessie K Edwards, Bonnie E Shook-Sa, Eric T Lofgren, Justin Lessler, Stephen R Cole (2024). Synthesis estimators for transportability with positivity violations by a continuous covariate. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A: Statistics in Society, (), .
Journal Article
Declining Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis Diagnosed by Wet Mount in a Cohort of U.S. Women With and Without HIV
Journal of Women's Health
2024
Jan 12
https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/pdf/10.1089/jwh.2023.0263
Background: Women living with HIV (WLWH) are often coinfected with Trichomonas vaginalis (TV), and annual screening is recommended. Our goal was to assess differences in TV prevalence at study entry and over time in enrollment cohorts of the Women’s Interagency HIV Study. Methods: In a multisite study, TV was diagnosed by wet mount microscopy. Prevalence was determined across four enrollment waves: 1994–1995, 2001–2002, 2011–2012, and 2013–2015. Generalized estimating equation multivariable logistic regression models assessed changes in visit prevalence across waves after controlling for HIV disease severity and other risks. Results: At 63,824 person-visits (3,508 WLWH and 1,262 women without HIV), TV was diagnosed by wet mount at 1979 visits (3.1%). After multivariable adjustment, HIV status was not associated with TV detection, which was more common among younger women, women with multiple partners, and irregular condom use. All enrollment waves showed a decline in TV detection over
10.1089/jwh.2023.0263
38215275
PMC10924113
Trichomonas vaginalis, vaginal discharge, human immunodeficiency virus infection in women
Elizabeth M Daubert, Jodie Dionne, Jessica Atrio, Andrea K Knittel, Seble G Kassaye, Dominika Seidman, Amanda Long, Susan Brockmann, Igho Ofotokun, Margaret A Fischl, L Stewart Massad, Kathleen M Weber (2024). Declining Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis Diagnosed by Wet Mount in a Cohort of U.S. Women With and Without HIV. Journal of Women's Health , (), . PMC10924113
Journal Article
Comparison of basic lymphocyte phenotype results between a diagnostic and a research laboratory
Lab Med
2024
Nov 21
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39569985/
Objective: Lymphocyte phenotyping is a valuable tool for monitoring the effects of antiretroviral therapy on individuals living with HIV-1. A switch study was conducted to compare T-cell subset quantification performed by a research laboratory and a diagnostic, laboratory to understand the impact on the retrospective and prospective results of a long-term study. Methods: Using FACSCanto II Flow Cytometers, EDTA anticoagulated peripheral blood from 73 males enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study/Women Interagency HIV Combined Cohort Study was analyzed by both a research (laboratory 1) and a diagnostics laboratory (laboratory 2) for quantification of cluster of differentiation (CD)3, CD4, and CD8 T-cells. There were 47 males living with and 26 living without HIV-1. Results: Bland-Altman (B-A) analysis was applied to assess the agreement between laboratory 1 and laboratory 2 results. There were 69 out of 73 CD3, 71 out of 73CD4, and 72 out of 73 CD8 T-cell results that fell withi
10.1093/labmed/lmae091
39569985
HIV-1; T-cells; lymphocyte; phenotype
Najib Aziz, Erik LaBelle, Beth D Jamieson, Matthew J Mimiaga, Roger Detels (2024). Comparison of basic lymphocyte phenotype results between a diagnostic and a research laboratory. Lab Med, (), .
Journal Article
Epigenome-wide characterization reveals aberrant DNA methylation of host genes regulating CD4+ T cell HIV-1 reservoir size in women with HIV
medRxiv
2024
July 27
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.26.24311074v1.article-info
The underlying mechanism of the HIV-1 reservoir, a major barrier to an HIV cure, is largely unknown. The integration of HIV-1 DNA and immune defense mechanisms can disrupt the host epigenetic landscape, potentially silencing HIV-1 replication. Using bisulfite capture DNA methylation sequencing, we profiled approximately 3.2 million CpG sites in CD4+ T cells isolated from the blood of 427 virally suppressed women with HIV. The average total CD4+ T cell HIV-1 Reservoir (HRCD4) size was 1,409 copies per million cells. Most proviruses were defective with only a small proportion being intact. We found 245 differentially methylated positions (CpG sites) and 85 methylated regions associated with the total HRCD4 size. Notably, 52% of significant methylation sites were in intronic regions. HRCD4-associated genes were involved in viral replication (e.g., ISG15), HIV-1 latency (e.g., MBD2), and cell growth and apoptosis (e.g., IRF9). A subset of the identified genes with aberrant methylation was
https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.26.24311074
Ke Xu, Xinyu Zhang, Kesava Asam, Bryan C. Quach, Grier P. Page, Deborah Konkle-Parker, Claudia Martinez, Cecile D. Lahiri, Elizabeth T. Topper, Mardge H. Cohen, Seble G. Kassaye, Jack DeHovitz, Mark H. Kuniholm, Nancie M. Archin, Amir Valizadeh, Phyllis C. Tien, Vincent C. Marconi, Dana B. Hancock, Eric Otto Johnson, Bradley E. Aouizerat (2024). Epigenome-wide characterization reveals aberrant DNA methylation of host genes regulating CD4+ T cell HIV-1 reservoir size in women with HIV . medRxiv, (), .
Journal Article
Mild HIV-specific selective forces overlaying natural CD4+ T cell dynamics explain the clonality and decay dynamics of HIV reservoir cells
medRxiv
2024
Feb 15
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2024/02/15/2024.02.13.24302704.full.pdf
The latent reservoir of HIV persists for decades in people living with HIV (PWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART). To determine if persistence arises from the natural dynamics of memory CD4+ T cells harboring HIV, we compared the clonal dynamics of HIV proviruses to that of memory CD4+ T cell receptors (TCRβ) from the same PWH and from HIV-seronegative people. We show that clonal dominance of HIV proviruses and antigen-specific CD4+ T cells are similar but that the field’s understanding of the persistence of the less clonally dominant reservoir is significantly limited by undersampling. We demonstrate that increasing reservoir clonality over time and differential decay of intact and defective proviruses cannot be explained by mCD4+ T cell kinetics alone. Finally, we develop a stochastic model of TCRβ and proviruses that recapitulates experimental observations and suggests that HIV-specific negative selection mediates approximately 6% of intact and 2% of defective proviral clearance. Thu
https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.02.13.24302704
38405967
PMC10888981
HIV cure, HIV reservoir, latent reservoir, mathematical modeling, ecology, TCR, clonal, antigenspecific, CD4+ T cells, reservoir decay
Daniel B. Reeves, Danielle N. Rigau, Arianna Romero, Hao Zhang, Francesco R. Simonetti, Joseph Varriale, Rebecca Hoh, Li Zhang, Kellie N. Smith, Luis J. Montaner, Leah H. Rubin, Stephen J. Gange, Nadia R. Roan, Phyllis C. Tien, Joseph B. Margolick, Michael J. Peluso, Steven G. Deeks, Joshua T. Schiffer, Janet D. Siliciano, Robert F. Siliciano, Annukka A. R. Antar (2024). Mild HIV-specific selective forces overlaying natural CD4+ T cell dynamics explain the clonality and decay dynamics of HIV reservoir cells. medRxiv , (), . PMC10888981
Journal Article
Proteomic Signature of HIV-Associated Subclinical Left Atrial Remodeling and Incident Heart Failure
medRxiv
2024
Feb 14
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2024/02/14/2024.02.13.24302797.full.pdf
Background: People living with HIV (PLWH) are at higher risk of heart failure (HF) and preceding subclinical cardiac abnormalities, including left atrial dilation, compared to people without HIV (PWOH). Hypothesized mechanisms include premature aging linked to chronic immune activation. We leveraged plasma proteomics to identify potential novel contributors to HIV-associated differences in indexed left atrial volume (LAVi) among PLWH and PWOH and externally validated identified proteomic signatures with incident HF among a cohort of older PWOH. Methods: We performed proteomics (Olink Explore 3072) on plasma obtained concurrently with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging among PLWH and PWOH in the United States. Proteins were analyzed individually and as agnostically defined clusters. Cross-sectional associations with HIV and LAVi were estimated using multivariable regression with robust variance. Among an independent general population cohort, we estimated associations between identifie
https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.02.13.24302797
38405757
PMC10888991
proteomics; HIV; left atrial size; cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging; biomarkers, heart failure, aging, inflammation
Tess E Peterson, Virginia S Hahn, Ruin Moaddel, Min Zhu, Sabina A Haberlen, Frank J Palella, Michael Plankey, Joel S Bader, Joao AC Lima, Robert E Gerszten, Jerome I Rotter, Stephen S Rich, Susan R Heckbert, Gregory D Kirk, Damani A Piggott, Luigi Ferrucci, Joseph B Margolick, Todd T Brown, Katherine C Wu, Wendy S Post (2024). Proteomic Signature of HIV-Associated Subclinical Left Atrial Remodeling and Incident Heart Failure. medRxiv , (), . PMC10888991
Journal Article
Substance use and menopausal symptoms among people with and without HIV in the US, 2008-2020
Menopause
2024
Aug 6
https://journals.lww.com/menopausejournal/abstract/9900/substance_use_and_menopausal_symptoms_among_people.361.aspx
Objective The aim of the study is to assess associations between substance use and menopausal symptoms among US people living with and without HIV in a longitudinal cohort. Methods We analyzed self-reported menopausal symptoms and substance use from biannual Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) visits from 2008‐2020. Substance use since the last visit or lifetime cumulative use included tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, crack/cocaine, and opioids. Logistic regression quantified associations between each substance use and menopausal symptom frequency (vasomotor, mood, and musculoskeletal), adjusting for other substance use, HIV status, demographics, comorbidities, and trauma. Results A total of 1,949 participants contributed early perimenopausal, late perimenopausal, or postmenopausal study visits. Across reproductive-aging stages, based on menstrual history, and among participants with and without HIV, participants reported frequent vasomotor (range 22‐43%), mood (18‐28%), and musculos
10.1097/GME.0000000000002405
39319622
alcohol, marijuana, menopause, opioids, substance use, tobacco, Vasomotor symptoms
Andrea K. Knittel, Brooke W. Bullington, Andrew Edmonds, Lisa Rahangdale, Genevieve Neal-Perry, Catalina Ramirez, Deborah Konkle-Parker, Deborah L. Jones, Caitlin A. Moran, Elizabeth F. Topper, Helen Cejtin, Dominika Seidman, Seble G. Kasseye, Tracey E. Wilson, Anjali Sharma, and Adaora A. Adimora (2024). Substance use and menopausal symptoms among people with and without HIV in the US, 2008-2020. Menopause, (), .
Journal Article
The menopause-related gut microbiome: associations with metabolomics, inflammatory protein markers, and cardiometabolic health in women with HIV
Menopause
2024
Jan 1
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38086007/
Objective: This study aimed to identify menopause-related gut microbial features, as well as their related metabolites and inflammatory protein markers, and link with cardiometabolic risk factors in women with and without HIV. Methods: In the Women's Interagency HIV Study, we performed shotgun metagenomic sequencing on 696 stool samples from 446 participants (67% women with HIV), and quantified plasma metabolomics and serum proteomics in a subset (~86%). We examined the associations of menopause (postmenopausal vs premenopausal) with gut microbial features in a cross-sectional repeated-measures design and further evaluated those features in relation to metabolites, proteins, and cardiometabolic risk factors. Results: Different overall gut microbial composition was observed by menopausal status in women with HIV only. We identified a range of gut microbial features that differed between postmenopausal and premenopausal women with HIV (but none in women without HIV), including abundanc
10.1097/GME.0000000000002287
38086007
PMC10841550
Cardiovascular Diseases, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics, HIV Infections/complications, Humans, Menopause
Yi Wang, Anjali Sharma, Kathleen M Weber, Elizabeth Topper, Allison A Appleton, Deborah Gustafson, Clary B Clish, Robert C Kaplan, Robert D Burk, Qibin Qi, Brandilyn A Peters (2024). The menopause-related gut microbiome: associations with metabolomics, inflammatory protein markers, and cardiometabolic health in women with HIV. Menopause, (), . PMC10841550
Journal Article
Immunoglobulin G N-glycan markers of accelerated biological aging during chronic HIV infection
Nature Communications
2024
Apr 10
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-47279-4
People living with HIV (PLWH) experience increased vulnerability to premature aging and inflammation-associated comorbidities, even when HIV replication is suppressed by antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, the factors associated with this vulnerability remain uncertain. In the general population, alterations in the N-glycans on IgGs trigger inflammation and precede the onset of aging-associated diseases. Here, we investigate the IgG N-glycans in cross-sectional and longitudinal samples from 1214 women and men, living with and without HIV. PLWH exhibit an accelerated accumulation of pro-aging-associated glycan alterations and heightened expression of senescence-associated glycan-degrading enzymes compared to controls. These alterations correlate with elevated markers of inflammation and the severity of comorbidities, potentially preceding the development of such comorbidities. Mechanistically, HIV-specific antibodies glycoengineered with these alterations exhibit a reduced ability to
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-47279-4
38600088
PMC11006954
Leila B. Giron, Qin Liu, Opeyemi S. Adeniji, Xiangfan Yin, Toshitha Kannan, Jianyi Ding, David Y. Lu, Susan Langan, Jinbing Zhang, Joao L. L. C. Azevedo, Shuk Hang Li, Sergei Shalygin, Parastoo Azadi, David B. Hanna, Igho Ofotokun, Jason Lazar, Margaret A. Fischl, Sabina Haberlen, Bernard Macatangay, Adaora A. Adimora, Beth D. Jamieson, Charles Rinaldo, Daniel Merenstein, Nadia R. Roan, Olaf Kutsch, Stephen Gange, Steven M. Wolinsky, Mallory D. Witt, Wendy S. Post, Andrew Kossenkov, Alan L. Landay, Ian Frank, Phyllis C. Tien, Robert Gross, Todd T. Brown & Mohamed Abdel-Mohsen (2024). Immunoglobulin G N-glycan markers of accelerated biological aging during chronic HIV infection. Nature Communications , (), . PMC11006954
Journal Article
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Social Cognition Among People Living with HIV: Implications for Non-Social Cognition and Social Everyday Functioning
Neuropsychology Review
2024
June 13
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11065-024-09643-5
Social cognition—the complex mental ability to perceive social stimuli and negotiate the social environment—has emerged as an important cognitive ability needed for social functioning, everyday functioning, and quality of life. Deficits in social cognition have been well documented in those with severe mental illness including schizophrenia and depression, those along the autism spectrum, and those with other brain disorders where such deficits profoundly impact everyday life. Moreover, subtle deficits in social cognition have been observed in other clinical populations, especially those that may have compromised non-social cognition (i.e., fluid intelligence such as memory). Among people living with HIV (PLHIV), 44% experience cognitive impairment; likewise, social cognitive deficits in theory of mind, prosody, empathy, and emotional face recognition/perception are gradually being recognized. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to summarize the current knowledge of social cog
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-024-09643-5
38869661
Social cognition HIV Emotional processing Stigma Theory of mind
David E. Vance, Rebecca Billings, Crystal Chapman Lambert, Pariya L. Fazeli, Burel R. Goodin, Mirjam-Colette Kempf, Leah H. Rubin, Bulent Turan, Jenni Wise, Gerhard Hellemann & Junghee Lee (2024). A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Social Cognition Among People Living with HIV: Implications for Non-Social Cognition and Social Everyday Functioning. Neuropsychology Review, (), .
Journal Article
Hepatitis C Virus Clearance and Diffusing Capacity for Carbon Monoxide in Women With and Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Open Forum Infect Dis.
2024
May 2
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38770208/#:~:text=It%20is%20unknown%20whether%20clearance,HCV%20clearance%20and%20diffusing%20capacity.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with extrahepatic effects, including reduced diffusing capacity of the lungs. It is unknown whether clearance of HCV infection is associated with improved diffusing capacity. In this sample of women with and without human immunodeficiency virus, there was no association between HCV clearance and diffusing capacity.
10.1093/ofid/ofae251
38770208
PMC11103618
antiviral agents; hepatitis C; human immunodeficiency virus; pulmonary diffusing capacity
Andrew C Curnow, Laurence Huang, Margaret A Fischl, Michelle Floris-Moore, Alison Morris, Mehdi Nouraie, Divya B Reddy, Eric C Seaberg, Anandi N Sheth, Phyllis C Tien, Richard J Wang (2024). Hepatitis C Virus Clearance and Diffusing Capacity for Carbon Monoxide in Women With and Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Open Forum Infect Dis., (), . PMC11103618
Journal Article
Microbial Translocation and Gut-Damage is Associated with Elevated Fast Score in Women Living with and without HIV
Open Forum Infectious Diseases
2024
Mar 30
https://academic.oup.com/ofid/advance-article/doi/10.1093/ofid/ofae187/7638195
Background Steatohepatitis is common in persons living with HIV (PLWH) and may be associated with gut microbial translocation (MT). However, few have evaluated the gut-liver axis in PLWH. We examined associations of HIV and circulating biomarkers linked to MT and gut-damage with the FibroScan-AST (FAST) score, a non-invasive surrogate for steatohepatitis with advanced fibrosis, in the Women’s Interagency HIV Study. Methods Among 883 women with HIV (WWH) and 354 without HIV, we used multivariable regression to examine the associations of HIV and serum biomarkers linked to MT and gut-damage (KT ratio, I-FABP, sCD14, and sCD163) with log-transformed FAST score after adjusting for key covariates. We used a path analysis and mediation models to determine the mediating effect of each biomarker on the association of HIV with FAST. Results HIV infection was associated with a 49% higher FAST score. MT biomarker levels were higher in WWH than women without HIV (p<0.001 for each). MT biomarker
https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofae187
38680610
PMC11055391
microbiome, steatohepatitis, Steatotic liver disease, HIV-associated liver disease, MASLD
Maria J Duarte, Phyllis C Tien, Ani Kardashian, Yifei Ma, Peter Hunt, Mark H Kuniholm, Adaora A Adimora, Margaret A Fischl, Audrey L French, Elizabeth Topper, Deborah Konkle-Parker, Howard Minkoff, Ighovwerha Ofotokun, Michael Plankey, Anjali Sharma, Jennifer C Price (2024). Microbial Translocation and Gut-Damage is Associated with Elevated Fast Score in Women Living with and without HIV. Open Forum Infectious Diseases, (), . PMC11055391
Journal Article
Vision Problems As a Contributor to Lower Engagement in Care Among Aging Men Living with HIV
Ophthalmic Epidemiol
2024
May 21
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09286586.2024.2346894
Purpose: To investigate vision impairment as a barrier to engagement in medical care among aging persons living with HIV (PLWH) who experience multimorbidity and complex care needs. Setting: Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), a prospective observational cohort of aging PLWH men. Methods: We examined relationships of self-reported vision difficulty with indicators of care engagement: 1) adherence to HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART; defined as taking ≥95% of medications); 2) self-reported avoidance of medical care; 3) self-reported tendency to ask a doctor questions about care (>2 questions at a medical visit), as well as with quality of life. A modified version of the National Eye Institute Vision Function Questionnaire was administered at three semi-annual visits (from October 2017 to March 2019) to assess difficulty performing vision-dependent tasks. Results: We included 1063 PLWH (median age 57 years, 31% Black). Data on care engagement outcomes were analyzed using repeated mea
10.1080/09286586.2024.2346894
38771594
Care engagement; HIV; quality of life; social support; vision loss.
Alison G. Abraham, Weiqun Tong, Valentina Stosor, M. Reuel Friedman, Roger Detels & Michael Plankey (2024). Vision Problems As a Contributor to Lower Engagement in Care Among Aging Men Living with HIV. Ophthalmic Epidemiol, (), .
Journal Article
The prevalence and correlates of biomarker positive unhealthy alcohol use among women living with and without HIV in San Francisco, California
PLoS One
2024
Oct 4
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39365789/
The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence and correlates of phosphatidylethanol (PEth) levels suggestive of unhealthy alcohol use among women living with and without HIV who self-reported no or low-risk drinking. We analyzed data from a cross-sectional study among women enrolled in the San Francisco Bay Area site of the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). Between October 2017 and March 2018, PEth was tested from dried blood spots in 192 women enrolled in the San Francisco site of the WIHS. Using multivariable logistic regression, we identified the correlates of PEth levels suggestive of unhealthy alcohol use (>50 ng/ml) among the 168 women who reported no or low-risk drinking (<7 drinks per week) in the past six months, while controlling for age in years and race/ethnicity. Among the 168 women in the analysis sample, the median age was 55; 51% identified as Black/African American, 47% were living with HIV and 28% had PEth levels ≥50 ng/ml which are suggestive of unhe
10.1371/journal.pone.0308867
39365789
PMC11451982
Alcohol consumption; HIV; Liver diseases; Biomarkers; Schools; HIV epidemiology; Hepatitis C virus; Medical risk factors
Jennifer P Jain, Yifei Ma, Carol Dawson-Rose, Glenn-Milo Santos, Alvina Han, Jennifer Price, Judith A Hahn, Phyllis C Tien (2024). The prevalence and correlates of biomarker positive unhealthy alcohol use among women living with and without HIV in San Francisco, California. PLoS One, (), . PMC11451982
Journal Article
Computationally inferred cell-type specific epigenome-wide DNA methylation analysis unveils distinct methylation patterns among immune cells for HIV infection in three cohorts
PLoS Pathog
2024
Mar 11
https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1012063
Background Epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) have identified CpG sites associated with HIV infection in blood cells in bulk, which offer limited knowledge of cell-type specific methylation patterns associated with HIV infection. In this study, we aim to identify differentially methylated CpG sites for HIV infection in immune cell types: CD4+ T-cells, CD8+ T-cells, B cells, Natural Killer (NK) cells, and monocytes. Methods Applying a computational deconvolution method, we performed a cell-type based EWAS for HIV infection in three independent cohorts (Ntotal = 1,382). DNA methylation in blood or in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was profiled by an array-based method and then deconvoluted by Tensor Composition Analysis (TCA). The TCA-computed CpG methylation in each cell type was first benchmarked by bisulfite DNA methylation capture sequencing in a subset of the samples. Cell-type EWAS of HIV infection was performed in each cohort separately and a meta-EWAS was cond
10.1371/journal.ppat.1012063
38466776
PMC10957090
Xinyu Zhang, Ying Hu, Ral E. Vandenhoudt, Chunhua Yan, Vincent C. Marconi, Mardge H. Cohen, Zuoheng Wang, Amy C. Justice, Bradley E. Aouizerat, Ke Xu (2024). Computationally inferred cell-type specific epigenome-wide DNA methylation analysis unveils distinct methylation patterns among immune cells for HIV infection in three cohorts. PLoS Pathog, (), . PMC10957090
Journal Article
Examining the relationships between pain symptoms and psychosocial functioning among women living with and at risk for human immunodeficiency virus using a cross-sectional psychological network analysis
Rehabil Psychol
2024
Oct 7
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39374122/
Objective: Pain is prevalent among women living with HIV (WLWH); however, research on pain experience among WLWH in the United States is limited. This study used a network analysis to simultaneously examine the relationships between pain experience and psychosocial functioning among WLWH and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative women. Method: A secondary analysis of public data from the Women's Interagency HIV Study, a U.S. longitudinal cohort study of the experiences of WLWH and women at increased risk for HIV (HIV negative), was completed. Data were from Visit 42 in 2015 and included 451 WLWH and 194 HIV-negative women who endorsed experiencing pain in the week prior to the interview. Similar to the sociodemographic characteristics of WLWH in the United States, the majority of women in the sample were racially and/or ethnically minoritized and of low socioeconomic position. Networks were modeled using measures of pain intensity, pain interference, depression symptoms, anxiety
10.1037/rep0000588
39374122
Pain;
Leah M Adams, Kristina M Volgenau, Irene Regalario, Aaron D Hunt (2024). Examining the relationships between pain symptoms and psychosocial functioning among women living with and at risk for human immunodeficiency virus using a cross-sectional psychological network analysis. Rehabil Psychol, (), .
Journal Article
Does Resilience Mediate the Relationship Between Negative Self-Image and Psychological Distress in Middle-Aged and Older Gay and Bisexual Men?
Res Aging
2024
Jun 17
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/01640275241261414
Aging gay and bisexual men may have negative self-images due to body image dissatisfaction and internalized ageism, resulting in psychological distress. Gay and bisexual men with HIV may be at greater risk for distress because of research linking HIV to accelerated aging. We examined associations between self-image and psychological distress, and potential mediating effects (resilience, fitness engagement), and whether these relationships were moderated by HIV serostatus. We tested our hypotheses with structural equation modeling using data from gay and bisexual men with HIV (n = 525, Mage = 57.6) and without HIV (n = 501, Mage = 62.2). We observed significant positive associations between self-image and distress and significant mediation effects (resilience, fitness engagement) that were moderated by HIV serostatus (resilience was only significant for men with HIV). We conclude that resilience interventions may be beneficial in alleviating distress from negative self-image among aging
10.1177/01640275241261414
38886913
HIV; ageism; body dissatisfaction; coping; distress management; resilience.
Mark Brennan-Ing, Sabina Haberlen, Deanna Ware, Steven Meanley, Frank J Palella, Robert Bolan , Judith A Cook, Chukwuemeka N Okafor, M Reuel Friedman, Michael W Plankey (2024). Does Resilience Mediate the Relationship Between Negative Self-Image and Psychological Distress in Middle-Aged and Older Gay and Bisexual Men?. Res Aging, (), .
Journal Article
The effect of sexual behavior on HIV-1 seroconversion is mediated by the gut microbiome and proinammatory cytokines
Res Sq
2024
Jan 24
https://assets.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3868545/v1_covered_1877df74-e9a7-44f6-ac53-97e9d713a18f.pdf?c=1707914674
The association between HIV-1 seroconversion and gut dysbiosis is well documented, and its association with sexual activity is also widely recognized. However, it is not known whether the gut dysbiosis mediates the effects of high-risk sexual behavior on HIV-1 seroconversion. In this report we focused on men who engaged in high-risk sexual behavior where they had receptive anal intercourse with multiple men. We demonstrate that proinflammatory cytokines, sCD14 and sCD163, and gut microbiota mediate the effects of this high-risk sexual behavior on subsequent HIV seroconversion. We discovered changes in the gut microbial ecology, prior to seroconversion, both in terms of the composition as well as inter-relationships among the commensal species. Furthermore, these changes correlate with future HIV seroconversion. Specifically, as the number of sexual partners increased, we discovered in a "dose-response" manner, a decrease in the abundance of commensal and short-chain fatty acid-producin
10.21203/rs.3.rs-3868545/v1
38343862
PMC10854284
Shyamal Peddada, Huang Lin, Yue Chen, Grace Arbor, Meaghan Price, Alison Morris, Jing Sun, Frank Palella, Kara Chew, Todd Brown, Charles Rinaldo (2024). The effect of sexual behavior on HIV-1 seroconversion is mediated by the gut microbiome and proinammatory cytokines. Res Sq, (), . PMC10854284
Journal Article
Frailty, Physical Function Impairment and Pulmonary Function in Aging Men with and without HIV from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS)
Research Sq
2024
Sep 10
https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4908040/v1/1dd64967-d556-434f-ab90-5ba89a6899e9.pdf?c=1725976295
Background People aging with HIV (PAWH) experience greater impairment in physical and pulmonary function than individuals aging without HIV. We examined whether baseline physical function was associated with subsequent pulmonary impairments. Methods Associations of frailty and physical function (gait speed [m/sec], grip strength [kg]) with pulmonary function (< 80% predicted diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide [DLCO] and forced expiratory volume [FEV1]) 3 years later were modeled; age, HIV status, and smoking were assessed as effect modifiers. Results Among1,024 men, (54% PAWH, 10% frail, 51% pre-frail), mean (SD) age = 53 (12) years, cumulative smoking = 12 (19) pack-years, gait speed = 1.1 (0.2) m/sec, and grip strength = 36.6 (9.2) kg. Frailty, prefrailty, and weak grip strength were associated with higher odds of subsequent impaired DLCO and FEV1.Slow gait speed was associated with higher odds of DLCO impairment but not FEV1. No statistically significant modifications were found
https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4908040/v1/1dd64967-d556-434f-ab90-5ba89a6899e9.pdf?c=1725976295
39315264
PMC11419174
Physical Function, Pulmonary Function, HIV, Aging
Ken M Kunisaki, Alison Morris, Valentina Stosor, Dong Chang, Gypsyamber D'Souza, Kristina Crothers, Madiha Abdel-Maksoud, Carolyn DiGuiseppi, Todd T Brown, Samantha MaWhinney, Kristine M Erlandson (2024). Frailty, Physical Function Impairment and Pulmonary Function in Aging Men with and without HIV from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Research Sq , (), . PMC11419174
Journal Article
A simple phylogenetic approach to analyze hypermutated HIV proviruses reveals insights into their dynamics and persistence during antiretroviral therapy
Research Square
2024
June 13
https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-4549934/v1
Hypermutated proviruses, which arise in a single HIV replication cycle when host antiviral APOBEC3 proteins introduce extensive G-to-A mutations throughout the viral genome, persist in all people living with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). But, the within-host evolutionary origins of hypermutated sequences are incompletely understood because phylogenetic inference algorithms, which assume that mutations gradually accumulate over generations, incorrectly reconstruct their ancestor-descendant relationships. Using >1400 longitudinal single-genome-amplified HIV env-gp120 sequences isolated from six women over a median 18 years of follow-up − including plasma HIV RNA sequences collected over a median 9 years between seroconversion and ART initiation, and >500 proviruses isolated over a median 9 years on ART − we evaluated three approaches for removing hypermutation from nucleotide alignments. Our goals were to 1) reconstruct accurate phylogenies that can be used for molecular da
https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4549934/v1
38947061
PMC11213167
Aniqa Shahid, Bradley R. Jones, Maggie C. Duncan, Signe MacLennan, Michael J. Dapp, Mark H. Kuniholm, Bradley Aouizerat, Nancie M. Archin, Stephen Gange, Igho Ofotokun, Margaret A. Fischl, Seble Kassaye, Harris Goldstein, Kathryn Anastos, Jeffrey B. Joy, & Zabrina L. Brumme (2024). A simple phylogenetic approach to analyze hypermutated HIV proviruses reveals insights into their dynamics and persistence during antiretroviral therapy. Research Square, (), . PMC11213167
Journal Article
Impact of HLA class I functional divergence on HIV control
Science
2024
Jan 18
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38236978/
Heterozygosity of Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I genes is linked to beneficial outcomes after HIV infection, presumably through greater breadth of HIV epitope presentation and cytotoxic T cell response. Distinct allotype pairs, however, differ in the extent to which they bind shared sets of peptides. We developed a functional divergence metric that measures pairwise complementarity of allotype-associated peptide binding profiles. Greater functional divergence for pairs of HLA-A and/or HLA-B allotypes was associated with slower AIDS progression and independently with enhanced viral load control. The metric predicts immune breadth at the peptide level rather than gene level and redefines HLA heterozygosity as a continuum differentially affecting disease outcome. Functional divergence may affect response to additional infections, vaccination, immunotherapy, and other diseases where HLA heterozygote advantage occurs.
10.1126/science.adk0777
38236978
PMC11395297
Mathias Viard, Colm O'hUigin, Yuko Yuki, Arman A Bashirova, David R Collins, Jonathan M Urbach, Steven Wolinsky, Susan Buchbinder, Gregory D Kirk, James J Goedert, Nelson L Michael, David W Haas, Steven G Deeks, Bruce D Walker, Xu Yu, Mary Carrington (2024). Impact of HLA class I functional divergence on HIV control. Science, (), . PMC11395297
Journal Article
Shorter total sleep time is associated with lower CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratios in virally suppressed men with HIV
Sleep Adv
2024
Jan 17
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38420256/
Study objectives: Although poor sleep quality is associated with lower CD4+ T cell counts among people living with HIV (PLWH), the association between objective sleep metrics and T lymphocyte subset counts is unknown. We evaluated the association between polysomnography (PSG) derived sleep metrics and T lymphocyte subpopulations in a cohort of men living with HIV. Methods: Virally suppressed men living with HIV participating in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study underwent home overnight PSG. We assessed the association of PSG parameters with CD4+ and CD8+ T cell counts and the CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio. Results: Overall, 289 men with mean (±SD) age 55.3 ± 11.3 years and mean CD4+ T cell count 730 ± 308 cells/mm3 were evaluated. Total sleep time (TST) was significantly associated with CD8+ but not CD4+ T cell counts. After adjusting for age, race, depressive symptoms, antidepressant use, and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors use, every hour of shorter TST was associated with
10.1093/sleepadvances/zpae001
38420256
PMC10901437
HIV; T lymphocytes; total sleep time.
Priya V Borker, Bernard J Macatangay, Joseph B Margolick, Naresh M Punjabi, Charles R Rinaldo, Valentina Stosor, Joshua Hyong-Jin Cho, Heather McKay, Sanjay R Patel (2024). Shorter total sleep time is associated with lower CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratios in virally suppressed men with HIV. Sleep Adv, (), . PMC10901437
Journal Article
Longitudinal Associations between Intersectional Stigmas, Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence, and Viral Load among Women Living with HIV using Multidimensional Latent Transition Item Response Analysis
Social Science and Medicine
2024
Dec 19
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0277953624010979?via%3Dihub
Background In the US, Women, especially Black and Latina women living in disadvantaged environments, are disproportionally affected by HIV. Women living with HIV (WLHIV) have higher rates of suboptimal antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence, and detectable viral load (VL). Experiences of intersectional poverty, HIV, gender, and racial stigmas may increase the rates of detectable VL through suboptimal ART adherence. Aims To explore longitudinal associations between intersectional stigmas, ART adherence, and detectable VL using multidimensional latent transition item response analysis. Participants WLHIV (N=459) in the [masked] sub-study of the [masked], from sites in Birmingham, AL, Jackson, MS, Atlanta, GA, and San Francisco, CA. Assessment Experienced poverty, HIV, gender, and racial stigma, self-report ART adherence, and VL were assessed at four yearly follow-ups between 2016-2020. Results We identified five classes of WLHIV with different combinations of experienced intersectional s
10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117643
Norcini-Pala Andrea, Stringer Kristi L, Kempf Mirjam-Colette, Konkle-Parker Deborah, Wilson Tracey E, Tien Phyllis C, Wingood Gina, Neilands Torsten B, Johnson Mallory O, Weiser Sheri D, Logie Carmen H, Topper Elizabeth F, Turan Janet M, Turan Bulent (2024). Longitudinal Associations between Intersectional Stigmas, Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence, and Viral Load among Women Living with HIV using Multidimensional Latent Transition Item Response Analysis. Social Science and Medicine, (), .
Journal Article
Association of HIV and HCV Infection With Carotid Artery Plaque Echomorphology in the MACS/WIHS Combined Cohort Study
Stroke
2024
Feb 9
https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/STROKEAHA.123.043922
BACKGROUND: HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are associated with increased risk of carotid artery atherosclerotic plaque and stroke. We examined associations of HIV- and HCV-related factors with echomorphologic features of carotid artery plaque. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included participants from the MACS (Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study)/WIHS (Women’s Interagency HIV Study) Combined Cohort Study who underwent high-resolution B-mode carotid artery ultrasound. Plaques were characterized from 6 areas of the right carotid artery. Poisson regression controlling for demographic and cardiometabolic risk factors determined adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and 95% CIs for associations of HIV- and HCV-related factors with echomorphologic features. RESULTS: Of 2655 participants (65% women, median age 44 [interquartile range, 37–50] years), 1845 (70%) were living with HIV, 600 (23%) were living with HCV, and 425 (16%) had carotid plaque. There were 191 plaques identified in 129 (11%) w
10.1161/STROKEAHA.123.043922
38333992
PMC10940210
atherosclerosis carotid arteries hepatitis C, HIV infections, stroke
Claudio A. Bravo, Jee-Young Moon, Krista Davy, Robert C. Kaplan, Kathryn Anastos, Carlos J. Rodriguez, Wendy S. Post, Stephen J. Gange, Seble G. Kassaye, Lawrence A. Kingsley, Jason M. Lazar, Wendy J. Mack, Nataliya Pyslar, Phyllis C. Tien, Mallory D. Witt, Frank J. Palella, Yanjie Li, Mingzhu Yan, Howard N. Hodis and David B. Hanna (2024). Association of HIV and HCV Infection With Carotid Artery Plaque Echomorphology in the MACS/WIHS Combined Cohort Study. Stroke, (), . PMC10940210
Journal Article
HIV status affects PTSD symptom severity, psychophysiology, and heart rate variability in women with low but not high exposure to childhood maltreatment
The International Journal on the Biology of Stress
2024
Jan 18
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10253890.2024.2303634
Objective: People living with HIV (PLWH) experience high rates of childhood maltreatment, which increases risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Thus, it is important to understand how HIV status interacts with childhood maltreatment to influence PTSD symptom severity and underlying psychophysiology. Methods: The current study assessed whether HIV status interacts with childhood maltreatment to influence PTSD symptom severity and heart rate variability during a dark-enhanced startle (DES) task in 88 Black women with (n=30) and without HIV (n=58). Results: HIV was associated with greater PTSD symptom severity only in women with low levels of childhood maltreatment (p=.024). Startle potentiation during DES was highest in women living without HIV and with high childhood maltreatment (p=.018). In women who had experienced low levels of childhood maltreatment, respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) was lower during the dark phase of DES in women living without HIV than women living wi
https://doi.org/10.1080/10253890.2024.2303634
39022295
PMC11250900
HIV; childhood maltreatment; women; PTSD
Vasiliki Michopoulos, Mariana Rocha, Rebecca Hinrichs, Susie Turkson, Samya Dyer, Paul Howell, Elizabeth C. Heaton, Jakayla Hart, Abigail Powers, Yara Mekawi, Sierra Carter, Ighovwerha Ofotokun, Tanja Jovanovic & Gretchen N. Neigh (2024). HIV status affects PTSD symptom severity, psychophysiology, and heart rate variability in women with low but not high exposure to childhood maltreatment . The International Journal on the Biology of Stress, (), . PMC11250900
Journal Article
Frailty-Related Factors among Women Living with and without HIV Aged 40 Years and Older. The Women’s Interagency HIV Study
The Journal of Frailty and Aging
2024
Jan 9
https://link.springer.com/article/10.14283/jfa.2023.41
Background Frailty is a clinical, geriatric syndrome linked to disability and mortality; and may be associated with a variety of factors among underrepresented and underserved women living with HIV (WLWH) and without HIV (WLWOH) transitioning through the adult life course. Objectives Determine whether a published set of factors associated cross-sectionally with frailty in WLWH and similar WLWOH at average age 39 years in 2005/2006 were associated with frailty in 2018/2019 among women who initiated frailty assessments at age ≥40 years, or whether a new set of factors were associated with frailty. Design Cross-sectional analyses within a longitudinal cohort study. Setting The multi-center Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). Participants 1285 participants (951 WLWH, 334 WLWOH), median age 53 years (interquartile range 47–58 years). Measurements The Fried Frailty Phenotype (FFP) in association with 23 factors representing HIV serostatus, other infections, sociodemographic factors, h
10.14283/jfa.2023.41
38305442
aging, HIV, women
Deborah R. Gustafson, Q. Shi, M. Thurn, S. Holman, M. H. Kuniholm, M. Fischl, M. Floris-Moore, S. Gange, D. Konkle-Parker, M. Plankey, J. C. Price, R. D. Ross, A. Rubtsova, A. Sharma & D. R. Hoover (2024). Frailty-Related Factors among Women Living with and without HIV Aged 40 Years and Older. The Women’s Interagency HIV Study. The Journal of Frailty and Aging, (), .
Journal Article
Intact HIV Reservoir in Monocytes Is Associated With Cognitive Function in Virally Suppressed Women With HIV
The Journal of Infectious Diseases
2024
Sep 18
https://academic.oup.com/jid/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/infdis/jiae460/7760360?redirectedFrom=fulltext
Background Monocytes are susceptible to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, form HIV reservoirs, and contribute to central nervous system complications (eg, cognitive impairment) in virally suppressed women with HIV (vsWWH). However, it remains unknown if the quality and/or quantity of the monocyte reservoir contributes to cognition in vsWWH. Methods Sixty-two vsWWH (mean age = 56.1 years, SD = 7.1; 93% Black, non-Hispanic; all HIV RNA <250 copies/mL) completed a cognitive test battery, blood draw, and whole-blood immunophenotyping. Monocytes and CD4 T cells were isolated from a subset of 53 participants and the HIV reservoir was assessed using cell-specific intact proviral DNA assays (IPDA). Demographically adjusted z-scores were calculated for each outcome using data from participants without HIV in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Cognitive outcomes of interest included domain-specific and global z-scores. Results Thirty-Eight percent of vsWWH had detectable intact HIV
https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiae460
39293028
HIV, reservoir, monocytes, cognition, women with HIV
Leah H Rubin, Erin N Shirk, Lily Pohlenz, Hayley Romero, Elizabeth Roti, Raha M Dastgheyb, Isabel Santiuste, Jennifer M Coughlin, Todd T Brown, Janice E Clements, Rebecca T Veenhuis (2024). Intact HIV Reservoir in Monocytes Is Associated With Cognitive Function in Virally Suppressed Women With HIV. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, (), .
Journal Article
Pre-pandemic Metabolic Correlates of COVID-19 Severity and Long COVID Incidence in People Living with HIV
The Journal of Infectious Diseases
2024
Jul 24
https://academic.oup.com/jid/advance-article/doi/10.1093/infdis/jiae362/7714514
Host metabolic dysregulation, especially in tryptophan metabolism, is intricately linked to COVID-19 severity and its post-acute sequelae (Long COVID). People living with HIV (PLWH) experience similar metabolic dysregulation and face an increased risk of developing Long COVID. However, whether pre-existing HIV-associated metabolic dysregulations contribute in predisposing PLWH to severe COVID-19 outcomes remains underexplored. Analyzing pre-pandemic samples from PLWH with documented post-infection outcomes, we found specific metabolic alterations, including increased tryptophan catabolism, predicting an elevated risk of severe COVID-19 and the incidence of Long COVID. These alterations warrant further investigation for their potential prognostic and mechanistic significance in determining COVID-19 complications.
https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiae362
39011957
COVID-19; HIV; Long COVID; metabolites; tryptophan.
Priyesh Agrawal, Leila B Giron, Shalini Singh, Nel Jason Haw, Aaron R Goldman, Mohammed Elkaeid, Bernard Macatangay, Frank J Palella, Maria L Alcaide, Caitlin A Moran, Seble G Kassaye, Nathan Erdmann, Kara W Chew, Michelle Floris-Moore, Aruna Chandran, Michael H Augenbraun, Anjali Sharma, Clovis Palmer, Alan L Landay, Michael J Peluso, Ali Keshavarzian, Todd T Brown, Phyllis C Tien, Mohamed Abdel-Mohsen (2024). Pre-pandemic Metabolic Correlates of COVID-19 Severity and Long COVID Incidence in People Living with HIV. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, (), .
Journal Article
Epigenetic Aging and Musculoskeletal Outcomes in a Cohort of Women Living With HIV
The Journal of Infectious Diseases
2024
Feb 15
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38366369/
Background The relationship between accelerated epigenetic aging and musculoskeletal outcomes in women with HIV (WWH) has not been studied. Methods We measured DNA methylation age using the Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip in a cohort from the Women's Interagency HIV Study (n = 190) with measures of bone mineral density (BMD) and physical function. We estimated 6 biomarkers of epigenetic aging—epigenetic age acceleration (EAA), extrinsic EAA, intrinsic EAA, GrimAge, PhenoAge, and DNA methylation–estimated telomere length—and evaluated associations of epigenetic aging measures with BMD and physical function. We also performed epigenome-wide association studies to examine associations of DNA methylation signatures with BMD and physical function. Results This study included 118 WWH (mean age, 49.7 years; 69% Black) and 72 without HIV (mean age, 48.9 years; 69% Black). WWH had higher EAA (mean ± SD, 1.44 ± 5.36 vs −1.88 ± 5.07; P < .001) and lower DNA methylation–estimated telomere leng
https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiae016
38366369
PMC11175700
bone mineral density, epigenetic aging, HIV, osteoporosis, physical function
Stephanie Shiau, Francesca Zumpano, Ziyi Wang, Jayesh Shah, Phyllis C Tien, Ryan D Ross, Anjali Sharma, Michael T Yin (2024). Epigenetic Aging and Musculoskeletal Outcomes in a Cohort of Women Living With HIV. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, (), . PMC11175700
Journal Article
Complementing the United States Household Food Security Survey Module with Items Reflecting Social Unacceptability
The Journal of Nutrition
2024
Feb 24
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38408732/
Background: Social unacceptability of food access is part of the lived experience of food insecurity but is not assessed as part of the United States Household Food Security Survey Module (HFSSM). Objectives: The objectives were as follows: 1) to determine the psychometric properties of 2 additional items on social unacceptability in relation to the HFSSM items and 2) to test whether these 2 items provided added predictive accuracy to that of the HFSSM items for mental health outcomes. Methods: Cross-sectional data used were from the Intersection of Material-Need Insecurities and HIV and Cardiovascular Health substudy of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study/Women's Interagency HIV Study Combined Cohort Study. Data on the 10-item HFSSM and 2 new items reflecting social unacceptability were collected between Fall 2020 and Fall 2021 from 1342 participants from 10 United States cities. The 2 social unacceptability items were examined psychometrically in relation to the HFSSM-10 items using
10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.02.023
38408732
PMC11007734
accuracy; food insecurity; mental health; psychometrics; reliability; social unacceptability
Edward A Frongillo, Hilary J Bethancourt, Andrea Norcini Pala, Sigal Maya, Katherine C Wu, Jorge R Kizer, Phyllis C Tien, Mirjam-Colette Kempf, David B Hanna, Allison A Appleton, Daniel Merenstein, Gypsyamber D'Souza, Igho Ofotokun, Deborah Konkle-Parker, Erin D Michos, Sarah Krier, Valentina Stosor, Bulent Turan, Sheri D Weiser (2024). Complementing the United States Household Food Security Survey Module with Items Reflecting Social Unacceptability. The Journal of Nutrition, (), . PMC11007734
Journal Article
Microbiota, Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy, and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Transgender Women with HIV: Potential Implications for Cardiovascular Disease
Transgender Health
2024
Dec 26
https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/trgh.2024.0042
Purpose: The intersecting disparities of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) among transgender women have raised questions about the role of the gut microbiota and gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) in the pathogenesis of CVD in the context of HIV. The purpose of this study was to provide an early exploration of the associations between these possible mechanisms driving inflammatory CVD risk markers among transgender women with HIV. Methods: We conducted a preliminary study with 21 transgender women with HIV exploring the relationship between GAHT use (self-report), gut/rectal microbiota composition (rectal swabs), and inflammatory markers linked to CVD (plasma). Microbiota measures included alpha (richness, evenness, and Shannon diversity) and beta (Bray–Curtis, un/weighted UniFrac) diversity metrics. Inflammatory biomarkers included intestinal fatty-acid binding protein, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, soluble CD163, intercellular adhesion mol
https://doi.org/10.1089/trgh.2024.0042
HIV infection, Human immunodeficiency virus, Infectious diseases, Medicine, Surgery & Diagnosis, Pathogens, Respiratory system diseases, Tracheomalacia, Viral diseases, Viruses
Tiffany R. Glynn, Courtney A. Broedlow, Violeta Rodriguez, Nicholas Fonseca Nogueira, Valeria Londono, Theodora Brophy, Suresh Pallikkuth, Margaret Roach, Savita Pahwa, Lydia A. Fein, Barry E. Hurwitz, Deborah Jones, Maria L. Alcaide, Nichole Klatt, Claudia Martinez (2024). Microbiota, Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy, and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Transgender Women with HIV: Potential Implications for Cardiovascular Disease. Transgender Health, (), .
Journal Article
HIV Interacts with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder to Impact Fear Psychophysiology in Trauma-Exposed Black Women
Women's Health Reports
2024
Mar 12
https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/whr.2023.0133
Background: The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among people living with HIV (PLWH) is higher than in the general population and can impact health behaviors. The influence of HIV on PTSD psychophysiology requires further investigation due to implications for the treatment of PTSD in PLWH. Objective: Utilizing fear-potentiated startle (FPS), we aimed to interrogate the influence of PTSD and HIV on fear responses. Materials and Methods: Women (18–65 years of age) recruited from the Women's Interagency HIV Study in Atlanta, GA (n = 70, 26 without HIV and 44 with HIV), provided informed consent and completed a semistructured interview to assess trauma exposure and PTSD symptom severity. Participants also underwent an FPS paradigm to assess fear acquisition and extinction: Psychophysiological indices that measure how individuals learn new fear and then subsequently attempt to suppress this fear. Results: Women with PTSD, who did not have HIV, exhibited a greater startl
10.1089/whr.2023.0133
38523844
PMC10960165
Susie Turkson, Sanne J.H. van Rooij, Abigail Powers, Ighovwerha Ofotokun, Seth D. Norrholm, Gretchen N. Neigh, Tanja Jovanovic, and Vasiliki Michopoulos (2024). HIV Interacts with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder to Impact Fear Psychophysiology in Trauma-Exposed Black Women. Women's Health Reports, (), . PMC10960165
Journal Article
Understanding the Psychosocial Context of Employment and Occupational Productivity among Women Living with HIV: A Mixed-Methods Study
Work
2024
Sep 2
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39240604/
Background: Women living with HIV (WLHIV) are particularly vulnerable to poor employment outcomes, impacting their socioeconomic independence and personal sense of empowerment. Objective: This article presents the results of a mixed methods study, which examined the personal, clinical, and socioeconomic contexts associated with employment and occupational productivity among employed WLHIV (n = 164) in the Southern United States. Methods: The Stanford Presenteeism Scale-6 was used to assess the perceived impact of HIV disease on the ability to maintain focus and complete tasks at work. Correlational and hierarchical regression techniques were applied to examine the relationships between personal, clinical, and socioeconomic contexts and occupational productivity. Results: In this sample, 62% of women perceived no impact on their ability to work or capacity to complete work related to living with HIV. In multivariable modeling, empowerment, neurocognition, socioeconomic status, and ps
10.3233/WOR-230363
39240604
Employment; mixed-methods study; occupational productivity; women living with HIV
Jenni M. Wise, Deborah Konkle-Parker, James L. Raper, Karen Heaton, David E. Vance, Andres Azuero, Gina Wingood, Adaora A. Adimora, Elizabeth F. Topper, Mirjam-Colette Kempf (2024). Understanding the Psychosocial Context of Employment and Occupational Productivity among Women Living with HIV: A Mixed-Methods Study. Work, (), .
Journal Article
Advance Care Planning Among Sexual Minority Men: Sociodemographic, Health Care, and Health Status Predictors
Aging and Health
2023
May 30
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/08982643231177725
Objectives: Advance care planning (ACP) specifies decision-making surrogates and preferences for serious illness or end-of-life medical care. ACP research has largely neglected sexual minority men (SMM), a population that experiences disparities in health care and health status. Methods: We examined formal and informal ACP among SMM ages 40+ in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (N = 1,071). Results: For informal ACP (50%), younger SMM and men with past cardiovascular events had greater odds of planning; single men had lower odds of planning. For formal ACP (39%), SMM with greater socioeconomic status had greater odds of planning; SMM who were younger, of racial/ethnic minority identities, who were single or in a relationship without legal protections, and who lacked a primary care home had lower odds of planning. Discussion: Findings warrant further exploration of both informal and formal planning. More equitable, culturally-humble engagement of SMM may facilitate access, uptake, and p
10.1177/08982643231177725
37249419
PMC10687306
advance care planning, advance directives, aging, sexual minority men
Daniel Siconolfi, Emma G. Thomas, PhD, Emily K. Chen, PhD, Sabina A. Haberlen, PhD, M. Reuel Friedman, PhD, Deanna Ware, MPH, Steven Meanley, PhD, Mark Brennan-Ing, PhD, Andre L. Brown, PhD, James E. Egan, PhD, Robert Bolan, MD, Valentina Stosor, MD, and Michael Plankey, PhD (2023). Advance Care Planning Among Sexual Minority Men: Sociodemographic, Health Care, and Health Status Predictors. Aging and Health, (), . PMC10687306
Journal Article
Life Course History of Physical and Sexual Abuse is Associated with Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among Women Living With and Without HIV
AIDS
2023
Dec 21
https://journals.lww.com/aidsonline/abstract/9900/life_course_history_of_physical_and_sexual_abuse.418.aspx
Objective: Sexual and physical abuse predict cardiovascular disease (CVD) among women in the general population. Women living with HIV (WLWH) report more abuse and have higher CVD risk compared to other women, yet associations between abuse history and CVD have not been considered among WLWH. This study fills this gap, and describes possible pathways linking abuse to CVD risk among WLWH and women living without HIV (WLWOH). Methods: Using 25 years of data from the Women's Interagency HIV Study (n = 2734; WLWH n = 1963; WLWOH n = 771), we used longitudinal generalized estimating equations to test associations between sexual (SA) and physical abuse (PA) with CVD risk. Framingham (FRS-H) and the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association-Pooled Cohort Equation (ACC/AHA-PCE) scores were examined. Analyses were stratified by HIV-serostatus. Results: Among WLWH, childhood SA was associated with higher CVD risk (βFRS-H = 1.25, SE = 1.08, p = 0.005; βACC/AHA-PCE = 1.14, SE = 1
10.1097/QAD.0000000000003822
38126350
PMC10939824
Cardiovascular disease, life course, longitudinal, physical abuse, sexual abuse, WIHS, WLWH, WLWOH
Allison A Appleton, Mark H Kuniholm, Elizabeth Vásquez, Mardge H Cohen, Jessica Donohue, Michelle Floris-Moore, M Reuel Friedman, David B Hanna, Matthew J Mimiaga, Caitlin A Moran, Michael W Plankey, Linda A Teplin, Sanyog G Shitole, Deanna Ware, Deborah L Jones, Jenni Wise (2023). Life Course History of Physical and Sexual Abuse is Associated with Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among Women Living With and Without HIV. AIDS, (), . PMC10939824
Journal Article
Association of marijuana, tobacco and alcohol use with estimated glomerular filtration rate in women living with HIV and women without HIV
AIDS
2023
June 20
https://journals.lww.com/aidsonline/Abstract/9900/Association_of_marijuana,_tobacco_and_alcohol_use.283.aspx
Objective: Marijuana, tobacco and alcohol use are prevalent among people living with HIV and may adversely affect kidney function in this population. We determined the association of use of these substances with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) among women living with HIV (WLWH) and women without HIV. Design: We undertook a repeated measures study of 1043 WLWH and 469 women without HIV within the United States Women's Interagency HIV Study, a multicenter, prospective cohort of HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative women. Methods: We quantified substance exposures using semi-annual questionnaires. Using pooled eGFR data from 2009–2019, we used linear regression models with multivariable generalized estimating equations to ascertain associations between current and cumulative substance use exposures with eGFR, adjusting for sociodemographics, chronic kidney disease risk factors and HIV-related factors. Results: Marijuana use of 1–14 days/month versus 0 days/month was as
10.1097/QAD.0000000000003625
37352493
PMC10859004
alcohol, eGFR, HIV, kidney, marijuana, tobacco, women
Fisher, Molly C.; Hoover, Donald R.; Shi, Qiuhu; Sharma, Anjali; Estrella, Michelle M.; Adimora, Adaora; Alcaide, Maria; Collins, Lauren F.; French, Audrey; Gao, Wei; Koletar, Susan L.; Mcfarlane, Samy I.; Mckay, Heather; Dionne, Jodie A.; Palella, Frank; Sarkar, Sudipa; Spence, Amanda; Witt, Mallory D.; Ross, Michael J (2023). Association of marijuana, tobacco and alcohol use with estimated glomerular filtration rate in women living with HIV and women without HIV. AIDS, (), . PMC10859004
Journal Article
Association of urine biomarkers of kidney health with subclinical cardiovascular disease among men with and without HIV
AIDS
2023
Oct 19
https://journals.lww.com/aidsonline/abstract/2024/03150/association_of_urine_biomarkers_of_kidney_health.5.aspx
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether urine biomarkers of kidney health are associated with subclinical cardiovascular disease among men with and without HIV. Design: A cross-sectional study within the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) among 504 men with and without HIV infection who underwent cardiac computed tomography scans and had urine biomarkers measured within the preceding 2 years. Methods: Our primary predictors were four urine biomarkers of endothelial (albuminuria), proximal tubule dysfunction (alpha-1-microglobulin [A1 M] and injury (kidney injury molecule-1 [KIM-1]) and tubulointerstitial fibrosis (pro-collagen-III N-terminal peptide [PIIINP]). These were evaluated for association with coronary artery calcium (CAC) prevalence, CAC extent, total plaque score, and total segment stenosis using multivariable regression. Results: Of the 504 participants, 384 were men with HIV (MWH) and 120 were men without HIV. In models adjusted for sociodemograph
10.1097/QAD.0000000000003761
37861689
PMC10922264
biomarkers, coronary artery calcium, HIV, kidney, Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, subclinical cardiovascular disease
Mason Lai, Erin Madden, Michael G Shlipak, Rebecca Scherzer, Wendy S Post, Eric Vittinghoff, Sabina Haberlen, Todd T Brown, Steven M Wolinsky, Mallory D Witt, Ken Ho, Alison G Abraham, Chirag R Parikh, Matthew Budoff, Michelle M Estrella (2023). Association of urine biomarkers of kidney health with subclinical cardiovascular disease among men with and without HIV. AIDS, (), . PMC10922264
Journal Article
Mosaic chromosomal alterations detected in men living with HIV and the relationship to non-Hodgkin lymphoma
AIDS
2023
July 1
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36927626/
Objectives: People living with HIV (PLWH) have elevated risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and other diseases. Studying clonal hematopoiesis (CH), the clonal expansion of mutated hematopoietic stem cells, could provide insights regarding elevated NHL risk. Design: Cohort analysis of participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (N = 5,979). Methods: Mosaic chromosomal alterations (mCAs), a type of CH, were detected from genotyping array data using MoChA. We compared CH prevalence in men living with HIV (MLWH) to HIV-uninfected men using logistic regression, and among MLWH, assessed the associations of CH with NHL incidence and overall mortality using Poisson regression. Results: Comparing MLWH to HIV-uninfected men, we observed no difference in the frequency of autosomal mCAs (3.9% vs. 3.6%, p-value=0.09) or mosaic loss of the Y chromosome (mLOY) (1.4% vs. 2.9%, p-value=0.13). Autosomal mCAs involving copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity (CN-LOH) of chromosome 14q were more commo
10.1097/QAD.0000000000003545
36927626
PMC10500031
chromosomal alteration, clonal hematopoiesis, genetic mosaicism, human immunodeficiency virus, non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Shu-Hong Lin , Sairah M Khan, Weiyin Zhou, Derek W Brown, Candelaria Vergara, Steven M Wolinsky, Otoniel Martínez-Maza, Joseph B Margolick, Jeremy J Martinson, Shehnaz K Hussain, Eric A Engels, Mitchell J Machiela (2023). Mosaic chromosomal alterations detected in men living with HIV and the relationship to non-Hodgkin lymphoma . AIDS, (), . PMC10500031
Journal Article
Gut microbiota and plasma metabolites associated with bone mineral density in women with or at risk of HIV infection
AIDS
2023
Jan 1
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36205320/
Objective: To evaluate gut microbiota (GMB) alterations and metabolite profile perturbations associated with bone mineral density (BMD) in the context of HIV infection. Design: Cross-sectional studies of 58 women with chronic HIV infection receiving antiretroviral therapy and 33 women without HIV infection. Methods: We examined associations of GMB and metabolites with BMD among 91 women. BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and T -scores of lumbar spine or total hip less than -1 defined low BMD. GMB was measured by 16S rRNA V4 region sequencing on fecal samples, and plasma metabolites were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Associations of GMB with plasma metabolites were assessed in a larger sample (418 women; 280 HIV+ and 138 HIV-). Results: Relative abundances of five predominant bacterial genera ( Dorea , Megasphaera , unclassified Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcus , and Mitsuokella ) were higher in women with low BMD compared with tho
10.1097/QAD.0000000000003400
36205320
PMC9742192
bone mineral density, gut microbiota, HIV infection, metabolomics
Zhendong Mei, Michael T Yin, Anjali Sharma, Zheng Wang, Brandilyn A Peters, Aruna Chandran, Kathleen M Weber, Ryan D Ross, Deborah Gustafson, Yan Zheng, Robert C Kaplan, Robert D Burk, Qibin Qi (2023). Gut microbiota and plasma metabolites associated with bone mineral density in women with or at risk of HIV infection. AIDS, (), . PMC9742192
Journal Article
Individual-Level Psychosocial Resiliencies as Mediators of the Relationship Between Internalized Homophobia and Depressive Symptoms Among Middle-Aged and Older Men Living With and Without HIV
AIDS and Behavior
2023
Mar 31
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10461-023-04037-9
Among sexual minority men (SMM), internalized homophobia (IH) has been consistently associated with increased depression symptoms. However, some SMM experiencing IH demonstrate resilience to buffer against depression symptoms. In this analysis, we used the Stress Process Model (SPM) as a conceptual framework to explore individual-level psychosocial resilience (ILPR) factors serving as a buffer of the IH–depression relationship. To utilize the SPM to explore whether four ILPR factors, including volunteerism, optimism, religiosity/spirituality, and global resiliency measure mediate the relationship between IH and depression symptoms among middle-aged and older SMM living with and without HIV. We used exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis to construct measurement models for the four ILPR factors. We examined whether the four ILPR factors mediated the IH–depression relationship. IH was significantly and positively associated with depression symptoms. There was a partial mediation of
10.1007/s10461-023-04037-9
36943601
Resilience Depression Mediation Older adults Men who have sex with men
Chukwuemeka N. Okafor, Deanna Ware, Steven Meanley, Mark Brennan-Ing, Sabina Haberlen, Linda Teplin, Matthew J. Mimiaga, M. Reuel Friedman & Michael Plankey (2023). Individual-Level Psychosocial Resiliencies as Mediators of the Relationship Between Internalized Homophobia and Depressive Symptoms Among Middle-Aged and Older Men Living With and Without HIV. AIDS and Behavior, (), .
Journal Article
Psychosocial Syndemic Classes and Longitudinal Transition Patterns Among Sexual Minority men Living with or Without HIV in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS)
AIDS and Behavior
2023
July 7
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10461-023-04123-y
Mental health and substance use epidemics interact to create psychosocial syndemics, accelerating poor health outcomes. Using latent class and latent transition analyses, we identified psychosocial syndemic phenotypes and their longitudinal transition pathways among sexual minority men (SMM) in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS, n = 3,384, mean age 44, 29% non-Hispanic Black, 51% with HIV). Self-reported depressive symptoms and substance use indices (i.e., smoking, hazardous drinking, marijuana, stimulant, and popper use) at the index visit, 3-year and 6-year follow-up were used to model psychosocial syndemics. Four latent classes were identified: “poly-behavioral” (19.4%), “smoking and depression” (21.7%), “illicit drug use” (13.8%), and “no conditions” (45.1%). Across all classes, over 80% of SMM remained in that same class over the follow-ups. SMM who experienced certain psychosocial clusters (e.g., illicit drug use) were less likely to transition to a less complex class. Thes
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-023-04123-y
37418062
PMC10615787
Sexual Minority Men Psychosocial Syndemic Mental Health Substance Use HIV
Yiyang Liu, Stephen D Ramos, David B Hanna, Deborah L Jones, Jason M Lazar, Jorge R Kizer, Mardge H Cohen, Sabina A Haberlen, Adaora A Adimora, Cecile D Lahiri, Jenni M Wise, Mackey R Friedman, Michael Plankey & Natalie E Chichetto (2023). Psychosocial Syndemic Classes and Longitudinal Transition Patterns Among Sexual Minority men Living with or Without HIV in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). AIDS and Behavior, (), . PMC10615787
Journal Article
Longitudinal Relationship Between Food Insecurity, Engagement in Care, and ART Adherence Among US Women Living with HIV
Aids Behav
2023
Apr 17
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37067613/
Food insecurity disproportionately affects people with HIV and women in the United States (US). More evidence is needed to understand the interplay between levels of food insecurity and levels of antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence over time, as well as how food insecurity relates to engagement in HIV care. We used random effects models with longitudinal data from the US Women's Interagency HIV Study to estimate the (1) adjusted associations of current and 6-month lagged food security with ART adherence categories (n = 1646), and (2) adjusted associations of food security with engagement-in-care (n = 1733). Very low food security was associated with a higher relative risk of ART non-adherence at prior and current visits compared with food security, and this association increased across non-adherence categories. Very low food security was associated with lower odds of receiving HIV care and higher odds of a missed visit. Food insecurity among US women with HIV is associated with poor
10.1007/s10461-023-04053-9
37067613
PMC10783960
Adherence; Engagement in car; Food security; Nutrition; Women.
Kartika Palar, Lila A Sheira, Edward A Frongillo, Margot Kushel, Tracey E Wilson, Amy A Conroy, Adebola Adedimeji, Daniel Merenstein, Mardge H Cohen, Eryka L Wentz, Adaora A Adimora, Ighovwerha Ofotokun, Lisa R Metsch, Janet M Turan, Phyllis C Tien, Sheri D Weiser (2023). Longitudinal Relationship Between Food Insecurity, Engagement in Care, and ART Adherence Among US Women Living with HIV. Aids Behav, (), . PMC10783960
Journal Article
A web-based positive-affect intervention to reduce stress and improve well-being in women living with HIV - feasibility and acceptability of a single-arm, pilot study
AIDS Care
2023
June 13
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37311108/
Women living with HIV (WLWH) experience high rates of depression but are underrepresented in mental health research. Positive emotions are associated with beneficial health outcomes in WLWH and should be a targeted component of psychological interventions in this population. Positive psychological interventions aim to increase positive emotions through the use of simple exercises, such as keeping a gratitude journal. We conducted a single-arm feasibility/acceptability study of a five-week, self-guided, web-based positive affect skills intervention in a sample of WLWH (N = 23) who also participate in a longitudinal observational study, the Women's Interagency HIV Study. The intervention was feasible as measured by home practice and post-intervention assessment completion, and acceptable as measured by exit interview feedback regarding recommendation of the program to friends or others living with HIV. On average, participants completed home practice for about 8 out of 9 skills. The mean
10.1080/09540121.2023.2221423
37311108
PMC10716357
HIV; Positive psychology; intervention.
Melanie E Freedman, Kathleen M Weber, Tsion Yohannes, Mardge H Cohen, Judith T Moskowitz (2023). A web-based positive-affect intervention to reduce stress and improve well-being in women living with HIV - feasibility and acceptability of a single-arm, pilot study. AIDS Care, (), . PMC10716357
Journal Article
Obesity Modifies the Relationship Between Raltegravir and Dolutegravir Hair Concentrations and Body Weight Gain in Women Living with HIV
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2023
Dec 4
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37140468/
Integrase strand-transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) are associated with weight gain in women living with HIV (WLH). Relationships between drug exposure, baseline obesity, and INSTI-associated weight gain remain unclear. Data from 2006-2016 were analyzed from virally-suppressed WLH enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study who switched/added an INSTI to antiretroviral therapy: (raltegravir [RAL], dolutegravir [DTG], or elvitegravir [EVG]). Percent body weight change was calculated from weights obtained a median 6 months pre- and 14 months post-INSTI initiation. Hair concentrations were measured with validated LC-MS/MS assays. Baseline (pre-switch) weight status evaluated obese (body mass index, BMI, ≥30 kg/m2) vs non-obese (BMI<30 kg/m2). Mixed models examined the drug hair concentration*baseline obesity status interaction for each INSTI. There were 169 WLH included: 53(31%) switched to RAL, 72(43%) to DTG, and 44(26%) to EVG. Women were median age 47-52y, predominantly Non-Hispanic Black
10.1089/AID.2022.0185
37140468
PMC10712367
HIV, integrase inhibitors, pharmacology, weight gain, women
Cecile D. Lahiri, C. Christina Mehta, Craig Sykes, Sheri D. Weiser, Frank Palella, Jordan E. Lake, John W. Mellors, Deborah Gustafson, Audrey L. French, Adaora A. Adimora, Deborah Konkle-Parker, Anjali Sharma, Hector Bolivar, Seble G. Kassaye, Leah H. Rubin, Jessica A. Alvarez, Elizabeth T. Golub, Igho Ofotokun, and Anandi N. Sheth (2023). Obesity Modifies the Relationship Between Raltegravir and Dolutegravir Hair Concentrations and Body Weight Gain in Women Living with HIV. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, (), . PMC10712367
Journal Article
Pulmonary Function and Quality of Life in Aging Men With and Without HIV from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
Aids Res Hum Retroviruses
2023
Dec 4
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37276144/
People living with HIV have greater pulmonary function impairments and decreased health-related quality of life (HRQoL) compared to uninfected peers. We examined whether pulmonary impairment was associated with HRQoL or respiratory health status. Using Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study data (2017-2019), associations between outcomes [HRQoL (36-Item Short Form Survey) and respiratory health status (St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire)] with pulmonary impairment [diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), defined as <80% predicted for both] were examined. Adjusted analyses utilized linear and zero-inflated beta regression, the latter summarized by odds ratio (OR) and quotient ratios (QRs). We also considered whether the subset of adjustment variables age, HIV serostatus, or smoking modified the relationships examined. Of 1048 men, 55% had HIV, with median age 57 [interquartile range (IQR) = 48, 64] years and 1.2 (IQR = 0, 18.1) smoking pack-y
10.1089/AID.2023.0001
37276144
PMC10712368
HIV; Health Related Quality of Life; aging; pulmonary function.
Mona Abdo, Ken M Kunisaki, Alison Morris, Valentina Stosor, Dong Chang, Gypsyamber D'Souza, Kristina Crothers 8, Madiha Abdel-Maksoud, Carolyn DiGuiseppi, Todd T Brown, Kristine M Erlandson, Samantha MaWhinney (2023). Pulmonary Function and Quality of Life in Aging Men With and Without HIV from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Aids Res Hum Retroviruses, (), . PMC10712368
Journal Article
High Incidence Rate of Computed Tomography-Measured Steatotic Liver Disease in Men With and Without HIV Infection
Am J Gastroenterol
2023
Dec 22
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38131623/
Introduction: We determined steatotic liver disease (SLD) incidence in a prospective cohort of men with HIV (MWH) and men without HIV (MWOH). Methods: Incident SLD was defined using paired noncontrast computed tomography scans performed during 2010-2013 and repeated during 2015-2017. Results: Of 268 men, 173 MWH and 95 MWOH, 33 had incident SLD (11.1%, incidence rate 2.4 and 2.7/100 person-years for MWH and MWOH, respectively). Overall, higher abdominal visceral adipose tissue was independently associated with increased SLD risk. In MWH, increased visceral adipose tissue, insulin resistance, chronic hepatitis B, and cumulative etravirine use were associated with SLD. Discussion: Metabolic factors, but not HIV, were associated with incident SLD. The high incidence rate suggests that SLD will continue to increase in PWH.
10.14309/ajg.0000000000002633
38131623
PMC10994731
Jennifer C Price, Gayle Springer, Eric C Seaberg, Matthew J Budoff, Susan L Koletar, Claudia A Hawkins, Mallory D Witt, Wendy S Post, Chloe L Thio (2023). High Incidence Rate of Computed Tomography-Measured Steatotic Liver Disease in Men With and Without HIV Infection. Am J Gastroenterol, (), . PMC10994731
Journal Article
Performance of GFR Estimating Equations in Young Adults
Am J Kidney Dis
2023
Sep 17
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37717845/
N/A
10.1053/j.ajkd.2023.06.008
37717845
PMC11080956
Lesley A Inker, Hocine Tighiouart, Ogechi M Adingwupu, Derek K Ng, Michelle M Estrella, David Maahs, Wei Yang, Marc Froissart, Michael Mauer, Roberto Kalil, Vicente Torres, Martin de Borst, Goran Klintmalm, Emilio D Poggio, Jesse C Seegmiller, Peter Rossing, Susan L Furth, Bradley A Warady, George J Schwartz, Ruben Velez, Josef Coresh, Andrew S Levey (2023). Performance of GFR Estimating Equations in Young Adults. Am J Kidney Dis, (), . PMC11080956
Journal Article
Variations in Genes Encoding Human Papillomavirus Binding Receptors and Susceptibility to Cervical Pre-Cancer
American Association for Cancer Research
2023
July 6
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10472094/
Background: Cervical cancer oncogenesis starts with human papillomavirus (HPV) cell entry after binding to host cell surface receptors; however, the mechanism is not fully known. We examined polymorphisms in receptor genes hypothesized to be necessary for HPV cell entry and assessed their associations with clinical progression to pre-cancer. Methods: African-American women (N=1728) from the MACS/WIHS Combined Cohort Study were included. Two case-control study designs were used - cases with histology-based pre-cancer (CIN3+) and controls without; and cases with cytology-based pre-cancer (HSIL) and controls without. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in candidate genes (SDC1, SDC2, SDC3, SDC4, GPC1, GPC2, GPC3, GPC4, GPC5, GPC6 and ITGA6) were genotyped using an Illumina Omni2.5-quad beadchip. Logistic regression was used to assess the associations in all participants and by HPV genotypes, after adjusting for age, HIV-serostatus, CD4 T-cells, and three principal components for ancest
https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-23-0300
37410084
PMC10472094
HPV cell entry receptors, HPV persistence, cervical precancer, CIN3, HSIL, genetic polymorphisms, African American race
Amrita Mukherjee, Yuanfan Ye, Howard W. Wiener, Mark H. Kuniholm, Howard Minkoff, Kate Michel, Joel Palefsky, Gypsyamber D’Souza, Lisa Rahangdale, Kenneth R. Butler, Mirjam-Colette Kempf, Staci L. Sudenga, Bradley E. Aouizerat, Akinyemi I. Ojesina, Sadeep Shrestha (2023). Variations in Genes Encoding Human Papillomavirus Binding Receptors and Susceptibility to Cervical Pre-Cancer. American Association for Cancer Research, (), . PMC10472094
Journal Article
HIVepsilon-seq—scalable characterization of intact persistent proviral HIV reservoirs in women
AMS Journal of Virology
2023
Oct 16
https://journals.asm.org/doi/abs/10.1128/jvi.00705-23
The persistence of replication-competent HIV-1 in people living with HIV (PLWH) is a barrier to a cure for HIV. Early-phase studies of clinical interventions to deplete the intact persistent HIV-1 reservoir are ongoing. However, the ability to distinguish intact proviruses is limited by sequence variation and the predominance of defective proviruses. In this study, we developed HIVepsilon-seq (HIVε-seq), a novel assay to analyze 33 samples consisting of unfractionated peripheral blood mononuclear cells and/or resting CD4+ T cells from antiretroviral therapy (ART)-treated durably suppressed PLWH, including samples from 17 female participants. HIVε-seq combines simplified target enrichment and long-read sequencing methodology with advanced bioinformatic analysis to increase the depth, characterization, and detection of intact persistent HIV-1 provirus. HIVε-seq detected persistent sequence-intact HIV-1 proviruses in samples from both male and female participants and represents a robust,
https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00705-23
37843370
PMC10688329
HIV, HIV persistence, third-generation sequencing
Kirston Barton, James M. Ferguson, Ira W. Deveson, Shane D. Falcinelli, Katherine S. James, Jennifer Kirchherr, Catalina Ramirez, Cynthia L. Gay, Jillian M. Hammond, Brent Bevear, Shaun L. Carswell, David M. Margolis, Martin A. Smith, Adaora A. Adimora, Nancie M. Archin (2023). HIVepsilon-seq—scalable characterization of intact persistent proviral HIV reservoirs in women. AMS Journal of Virology , (), . PMC10688329
Journal Article
Plasma Glycomic Markers of Accelerated Biological Aging During Chronic HIV Infection
bioRxiv
2023
Dec 31
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37609144/
People with HIV (PWH) experience an increased vulnerability to premature aging and inflammation-associated comorbidities, even when HIV replication is suppressed by antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, the factors that contribute to or are associated with this vulnerability remain uncertain. In the general population, alterations in the glycomes of circulating IgGs trigger inflammation and precede the onset of aging-associated diseases. Here, we investigate the IgG glycomes of cross-sectional and longitudinal samples from 1216 women and men, living with virally-suppressed HIV or without HIV. Our glycan-based machine learning models indicate that chronic HIV infection accelerates the accumulation of pro-aging-associated glycomic alterations by an average of 3 years in women and 3.5 years in men. Consistently, PWH exhibit heightened expression of senescence-associated glycan-degrading enzymes compared to their controls. HIV/ART-mediated glycomic alterations correlate with elevated mark
10.1101/2023.08.09.551369
37609144
PMC10441429
ADCC, ADCD, ADCP, Aging, Biological age, Cancer, Glycome, HIV, IgG, Inflammation, Subclinical atherosclerosis
Leila B Giron, Qin Liu, Opeyemi S Adeniji, Xiangfan Yin, Toshitha Kannan, Jianyi Ding, David Y Lu, Susan Langan, Jinbing Zhang, Joao L L C Azevedo, David B Hanna, Igho Ofotokun, Jason Lazar, Margaret A Fischl, Sabina Haberlen, Bernard Macatangay, Adaora A Adimora, Beth D Jamieson, Charles Rinaldo, Daniel Merenstein, Nadia R Roan, Olaf Kutsch, Stephen Gange, Steven Wolinsky, Mallory Witt, Wendy S Post, Andrew Kossenkov, Alan Landay, Ian Frank, Phyllis C Tien, Robert Gross, Todd T Brown, Mohamed Abdel-Mohsen (2023). Plasma Glycomic Markers of Accelerated Biological Aging During Chronic HIV Infection. bioRxiv, (), . PMC10441429
Journal Article
Cell-type specific EWAS identifies genes involved in HIV pathogenesis and oncogenesis among people with HIV infection
bioRxiv
2023
Mar 24
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36993343/
Epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) of heterogenous blood cells have identified CpG sites associated with chronic HIV infection, which offer limited knowledge of cell-type specific methylation patterns associated with HIV infection. Applying a computational deconvolution method validated by capture bisulfite DNA methylation sequencing, we conducted a cell type-based EWAS and identified differentially methylated CpG sites specific for chronic HIV infection among five immune cell types in blood: CD4+ T-cells, CD8+ T-cells, B cells, Natural Killer (NK) cells, and monocytes in two independent cohorts (N total =1,134). Differentially methylated CpG sites for HIV-infection were highly concordant between the two cohorts. Cell-type level meta-EWAS revealed distinct patterns of HIV-associated differential CpG methylation, where 67% of CpG sites were unique to individual cell types (false discovery rate, FDR <0.05). CD4+ T-cells had the largest number of HIV-associated CpG sites (N=1,472)
10.1101/2023.03.21.533691
36993343
PMC10055405
Deconvoluted cell-type EWAS, Immunity, Oncogenesis, HIV infection
Xinyu Zhang, Ying Hu, Ral E Vandenhoudt, Chunhua Yan, Vincent C Marconi, Mardge H Cohen, Amy C Justice, Bradley E Aouizerat, Ke Xu (2023). Cell-type specific EWAS identifies genes involved in HIV pathogenesis and oncogenesis among people with HIV infection. bioRxiv, (), . PMC10055405
Journal Article
Overnight urinary melatonin levels in women with and without HIV: An observational cohort study
Brain Behav
2023
Aug 7
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37548505/#:~:text=Participants%20collected%20their%20overnight%20urine,had%20low%20levels%20of%20melatonin.
Introduction: Despite significant improvements in longevity and quality of life associated with antiretroviral therapy, individuals with HIV still suffer from a higher burden of sleep and circadian disruption and inflammatory-based diseases than individuals without HIV. While melatonin is a hormone that has a role in sleep and circadian regulation and has anti-inflammatory properties, the overnight concentration of the urinary melatonin metabolite has not yet been reported in people with HIV. Methods: The aim of this study was to compare the overnight urinary melatonin metabolite levels in women aged 35-70 years with HIV (n = 151) to a well-matched comparison group of women without HIV (n = 147). All women wore a wrist actigraphy monitor and completed daily diaries documenting sleep timing and use of medications and drugs or alcohol for 10 days. Participants collected their overnight urine near the end of the monitoring period. Results: Melatonin levels did not differ between women w
10.1002/brb3.3206
37548505
PMC10570498
HIV; actigraphy; melatonin; sleep.
Helen J Burgess, Kathleen M Weber, Ralph Morack, Tsion Yohannes, Jiaqian Xing, Xiaonan Xue, Deborah Gustafson, Anjali Sharma, Elizabeth Daubert, Andrea C Rogando, Audrey L French (2023). Overnight urinary melatonin levels in women with and without HIV: An observational cohort study. Brain Behav, (), . PMC10570498
Journal Article
Psychological stress is associated with arterial inflammation in people living with treated HIV infection
Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
2023
Oct
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889159123001630
Stress and depression are increasingly recognized as cerebrovascular risk factors, including among high stress populations such as people living with HIV infection (PLWH). Stress may contribute to stroke risk through activation of neural inflammatory pathways. In this cross-sectional study, we examined the relationships between stress, systemic and arterial inflammation, and metabolic activity in stress-related brain regions on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET in PLWH. Participants were recruited from a parent trial evaluating the impact of alirocumab on radiologic markers of cardiovascular risk in people with treated HIV infection. We administered a stress battery to assess different forms of psychological stress, specifying the Perceived Stress Scale as the primary stress measure, and quantified plasma markers of inflammation and immune activation. Participants underwent FDG-PET of the brain, neck, and chest. Age- and sex-matched control participants without HIV infection were select
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2023.06.019
37369339
Psychological stress, Inflammation, Neural inflammation, Arterial inflammation, Atherosclerosis, Stroke, Cerebrovascular, Cardiovascular, HIV
Felicia C. Chow, Nidhi S. Mundada, Shady Abohashem, Renaud La Joie, Leonardo Iaccarino, Victor M. Arechiga, Shreya Swaminathan, Gil D. Rabinovici, Elissa S. Epel, Ahmed Tawakol, Priscilla Y. Hsue (2023). Psychological stress is associated with arterial inflammation in people living with treated HIV infection. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, (), .
Journal Article
Vitamin C Urinary Loss and Deficiency in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): Cross-sectional Study of Vitamin C Renal Leak in Women With HIV
Clin Infect Dis
2023
Oct 13
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37264998/
Background: Reduced plasma vitamin C (vitC) concentrations in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may result from abnormal urinary excretion: a renal leak. VitC renal leak indicates underlying nutritional dysregulation independent of diet. We hypothesized that increased renal leak prevalence in HIV would be associated with deficient vitC concentrations. Methods: We conducted an outpatient cross-sectional study of 96 women (40 HIV [PWH] and 56 without HIV [PWOH]) at the National Institutes of Health and Georgetown University. Renal leak was defined as abnormal urinary vitC excretion at fasting plasma concentrations <43.2µM, 2 SDs below vitC renal threshold in healthy women. To determine the primary outcome of renal leak prevalence, matched urine and plasma samples were collected the morning after overnight fast. Secondary outcomes assessed group differences in mean plasma vitC concentrations and prevalence of vitC deficiency. Exploratory outcomes assessed clinical parameters associated
10.1093/cid/ciad333
37264998
PMC10573720
HIV; antiretroviral therapy; ascorbate; renal leak; vitamin C.
Ifechukwude Ebenuwa, Pierre-Christian Violet, Kate Michel, Sebastian J Padayatty, Yaohui Wang, Hongbin Tu, Kenneth J Wilkins, Seble Kassaye, Mark Levine (2023). Vitamin C Urinary Loss and Deficiency in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): Cross-sectional Study of Vitamin C Renal Leak in Women With HIV. Clin Infect Dis, (), . PMC10573720
Journal Article
Health Insurance and Initiation of Direct-Acting Antivirals for Hepatitis C in US Women with HIV
Clinical Infectious Disease
2023
Apr 06
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37021689/
Background: Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy for hepatitis C virus (HCV) is well tolerated, cost-effective, and yields high sustained virologic response rates, yet it has remained inaccessible to many patients due to cost. We evaluated the relationship between health insurance status and DAA initiation in an observational cohort of US women. Methods: Women's Interagency HIV Study participants with HIV and HCV (RNA+) reporting no prior hepatitis C treatment were followed for DAA initiation (2015-2019). We estimated risk ratios (RRs) of the relationship between time-varying health insurance status and DAA initiation, adjusting for confounders with stabilized inverse probability weights. We also estimated weighted cumulative incidences of DAA initiation by health insurance status. Results: 139 women (74% Black) were included; at baseline, median age was 55 and 86% were insured. Most had annual household incomes ≤$18,000 (85%); advanced liver fibrosis (21%), alcohol use (45%), and r
https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciad204
37021689
PMC10371303
Direct-acting antivirals; HIV; Health insurance; Hepatitis C; Women
Andrew Edmonds, Danielle F Haley, Jessie K Edwards, Catalina Ramirez, Audrey L French, Phyllis C Tien, Michael Plankey, Anjali Sharma, Michael Augenbraun, Eric C Seaberg, Kimberly Workowski, Maria L Alcaide, Svenja Albrecht, Adaora A Adimora (2023). Health Insurance and Initiation of Direct-Acting Antivirals for Hepatitis C in US Women with HIV . Clinical Infectious Disease, (), . PMC10371303
Journal Article
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Status, Tenofovir Exposure, and the Risk of Poor Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) Outcomes: Real-World Analysis From 6 United States Cohorts Before Vaccine Rollout
Clinical Infectious Diseases
2023
Mar 2
https://academic.oup.com/cid/advance-article/doi/10.1093/cid/ciad084/7067275
Background People with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PWH) may be at increased risk for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes. We examined HIV status and COVID-19 severity, and whether tenofovir, used by PWH for HIV treatment and people without HIV (PWoH) for HIV prevention, was associated with protection. Methods Within 6 cohorts of PWH and PWoH in the United States, we compared the 90-day risk of any hospitalization, COVID-19 hospitalization, and mechanical ventilation or death by HIV status and by prior exposure to tenofovir, among those with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection between 1 March and 30 November 2020. Adjusted risk ratios (aRRs) were estimated by targeted maximum likelihood estimation, with adjustment for demographics, cohort, smoking, body mass index, Charlson comorbidity index, calendar period of first infection, and CD4 cell counts and HIV RNA levels (in PWH only). Results Among PWH (n = 1785), 15% were hospitalized for COV
10.1093/cid/ciad084
37021689
PMC10209434
HIV, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, tenofovir, hospitalization
Alexandra N Lea, Wendy A Leyden, Oleg Sofrygin, Ben J Marafino, Jacek Skarbinski, Sonia Napravnik, Deana Agil, Michael Augenbraun, Lorie Benning, Michael A Horberg, Celeena Jefferson, Vincent C Marconi, Lesley S Park, Kirsha S Gordon, Lisa Bastarache, Srushti Gangireddy, Keri N Althoff, Sally B Coburn, Kelly A Gebo, Raynell Lang, Carolyn Williams, Michael J Silverberg (2023). Human Immunodeficiency Virus Status, Tenofovir Exposure, and the Risk of Poor Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) Outcomes: Real-World Analysis From 6 United States Cohorts Before Vaccine Rollout . Clinical Infectious Diseases, (), . PMC10209434
Journal Article
Body Composition Changes Over the Menopausal Transition in Women With and Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Clinical Infectious Diseases
2023
Mar 28
https://academic.oup.com/cid/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/cid/ciad165/7088987
Background Women are at risk for weight gain during the transition to menopause, but few have examined the contribution of menopause to weight gain in women with human immunodeficiency virus (WWH). Methods From 2000 to 2013, participants (621 WWH; 218 without HIV [WWOH]) from the Women's Interagency HIV Study were categorized by menopausal phase using serial measures of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH). Multivariable linear mixed models examined the association of menopausal phase with body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) trajectory, stratified by HIV status. Results In models controlled for chronologic age, the estimated effects (95% confidence interval) of menopausal phase on annual rate of BMI change across early perimenopause, late perimenopause, and menopause, respectively, compared to premenopause were −0.55% (−.80 to −.30), −0.29% (−.61 to .03), and −0.67% (−1.12 to −.20) in WWH, whereas estimated effects were 0.43% (−.01 to .87) and 0.15% (−.42 to .71) across early
10.1093/cid/ciad165
36974507
PMC10371311
menopause, HIV, BMI, weight gain, waist circumference
Rebecca A Abelman, Thuy Trang J Nguyen, Yifei Ma, Peter Bacchetti, Geralyn Messerlian, Audrey L French, Anjali Sharma, Howard Minkoff, Michael Plankey, Carl Grunfeld, Phyllis C Tien (2023). Body Composition Changes Over the Menopausal Transition in Women With and Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Clinical Infectious Diseases, (), . PMC10371311
Journal Article
Self-Perception of Aging and Hypertension in a Cohort of Sexual Minority
Cureus
2023
Aug 8
https://www.cureus.com/articles/168619-self-perception-of-aging-and-hypertension-in-a-cohort-of-sexual-minority#!/authors
Objectives To determine whether self-perception of aging is an important marker of health and hypertension among older sexual minority men. Methods We evaluated associations between self-perception of aging (chronologic-subjective age discrepancy and aging satisfaction) and hypertension among 1,180 sexual minority men (51.6% with HIV/48.4% without HIV) from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study using a manifest Markov chain model adjusted for HIV status, age, race/ethnicity, education, smoking status, inhaled nitrite use, diabetes, dyslipidemia, kidney and liver disease. Results The overall prevalence of hypertension increased from 73.1% to 82.6% over three years of follow-up. Older age discrepancy (aOR (adjusted odds ratio): 1.13 95% CI: 0.35-3.69) and low aging satisfaction (aOR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.31-2.52) were not associated with an increased prevalence of hypertension, regardless of HIV status. Discussion More than 80% of sexual minority men had a diagnosis of hypertension but self-perce
10.7759/cureus.43127
37692714
PMC10483890
sexual minority men, multicenter aids cohort study, hiv, self-perception of aging, hypertension
Alan P. Jacobsen, Brittanny M. Polanka, Deanna Ware, Sabina A. Haberlen, Mark Brennan-Ing, Steven Meanley, Chukwuemeka N. Okafor, Frank J. Palella, Robert K. Bolan, M. Reuel Friedman, Michael Plankey (2023). Self-Perception of Aging and Hypertension in a Cohort of Sexual Minority . Cureus, (), . PMC10483890
Journal Article
Syndemic trajectories of heavy drinking, smoking, and depressive symptoms are associated with mortality in women living with HIV in the United States from 1994 to 2017
Drug Alcohol Depend
2023
June 19
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37352734/
Background: Heavy drinking, smoking, and depression are common among people with HIV. Little is known about the co-occurring, synergistic effect of having two or more of these conditions long-term -a sustained syndemic - on mortality among women with HIV (WWH). Methods: Data from 3282 WWH of the Women's Interagency HIV Study from 1994 to 2017 were utilized. National Death Index review identified cause of death (n=616). Sustained syndemic phenotypes were based on membership in high-risk groups defined by group-based trajectory models of repeated self-reported alcohol use, smoking, and depressive symptoms and their co-occurrence. Cox proportional hazard models estimated associations of sustained syndemic phenotypes with all-cause, non-AIDS, and non-overdose mortality, adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, education, enrollment wave, illicit drug use, and time-varying HIV viral load and CD4+ T-cell count. Results: WWH were 58% Black and 26% Hispanic, with a mean baseline age of 36.7 years.
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.110838
37352734
PMC10726291
Alcohol; Depression, mortality; HIV; Smoking; Syndemic; Women.
Natalie E Chichetto, Nioud M Gebru, Michael W Plankey, Hilary A Tindle, John R Koethe, David B Hanna, Steven Shoptaw, Deborah L Jones, Jason M Lazar, Jorge R Kizer, Mardge H Cohen, Sabina A Haberlen, Adaora A Adimora, Cecile D Lahiri, Jenni M Wise, Matthew S Freiberg (2023). Syndemic trajectories of heavy drinking, smoking, and depressive symptoms are associated with mortality in women living with HIV in the United States from 1994 to 2017. Drug Alcohol Depend, (), . PMC10726291
Journal Article
Pro-inflammatory and pro-resolving lipid mediators of inflammation in HIV: effect of aspirin intervention
EBioMedicine
2023
Feb 13
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36791659/
Background: Persons with HIV (PWH) have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to HIV-seronegative individuals (SN). Inflammation contributes to this risk but the role of lipid mediators, with central roles in inflammation, in HIV infection remain to be established; further aspirin reduces CVD risk in the general population through production of some of these anti-inflammatory lipid mediators, but they have not been studied in PWH. Methods: We evaluated the relationship between plasma lipid mediators (i.e. 50 lipid mediators including classic eicosanoids and specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs)) and HIV status; and the impact of aspirin in PWH on regulating these autacoids. Plasma samples were obtained from 110 PWH receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) from a randomized trial of aspirin (ACTG-A5331) and 107 matched SN samples (MACS-WIHS Combined Cohort). Findings: PWH had lower levels of arachidonic acid-derived pro-inflammatory prostaglandins (PGs: PGE2 an
10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104468
36791659
PMC10025757
Aspirin; Eicosanoids; HIV; Inflammation; SPMs.
Jesmond Dalli, Douglas Kitch, Meagan P O'Brien, Peter W Hunt, Nicholas Funderburg, Daniela Moisi, Amita Gupta, Todd T Brown , Phyllis C Tien, Judith A Aberg, Rupak Shivakoti (2023). Pro-inflammatory and pro-resolving lipid mediators of inflammation in HIV: effect of aspirin intervention. EBioMedicine, (), . PMC10025757
Journal Article
Clustering the Liver Measures of Women Living with HIV
Emory Theses and Dissertation
2023
April 10
https://etd.library.emory.edu/concern/etds/bg257g50h?locale=en
Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is more prevalent amongst those living with HIV compared to the general population (Maurice et al., 2017). Our previous work has found that three commonly used non-invasive liver measures, APRI, FIB-4, and NFS, showed conflicting results in quantifying the degree of liver fibrosis in women living with HIV (WWH) over an extended period (Yu et al., 2022). Clustering, an unsupervised machine learning technique, can be used to partition trajectories into homogeneous discrete groups where they can be compared amongst each other (Teuling et al., 2021). Objectives: Compare five longitudinal clustering algorithms on WWH’s liver trajectories to see how they perform with respect to observational data that is subject to unequal follow-up; explore the clusters identified by the best performing method; and compare these results to those identified by cluster results from Fibroscan data. Methods: Data from the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) used
PMC8158885
NAFLD, HIV, Clustering
Logan Gerig (2023). Clustering the Liver Measures of Women Living with HIV. Emory Theses and Dissertation , (), . PMC8158885
Journal Article
Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis D virus infection in women with or at risk for HIV infection in the United States
Front Med (Lausanne)
2023
Mar 2
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36936213/
Hepatitis D virus (HDV) requires co-infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV). Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) shares transmission routes with these viruses. Among 4,932 US women infected with or at-risk for HIV during 1994-2015, HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity was more common in women with HIV (2.8% vs. 1.2%; p = 0.001); HDV was more common among participants enrolled during 2013-2015 (p = 0.0004) and those with resolved rather than active hepatitis C (1.9% vs. 0.5%; p = 0.02). Among HBsAg-positive women (n = 117), HDV antibody prevalence was 22% and did not vary by HIV status; HDV infection was associated with the presence of advanced fibrosis/cirrhosis at enrollment (adjusted odds ratio, 5.70; 95% confidence interval, 1.46-22.29). Our results demonstrate the importance of HDV testing in HBV-infected US women.
10.3389/fmed.2023.1070420
36936213
PMC10017733
anti-HDV; epidemiology; hepatitis B virus; hepatitis C virus; hepatitis D virus; persons who injected drugs
Ilona Argirion, Parag Mahale, Ruth M Pfeiffer, Ping Liu, Adaora A Adimora, Matthew J Akiyama, Hector H Bolivar, Audrey French, Michael Plankey, Jennifer C Price, Aadia Rana, Anandi Sheth, Jill Koshiol, Eric C Seaberg, Mark H Kuniholm, Jeffrey Glenn, Thomas R O'Brien (2023). Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis D virus infection in women with or at risk for HIV infection in the United States. Front Med (Lausanne), (), . PMC10017733
Journal Article
Midlife body mass index, central adiposity and neuropsychological performance over 10 years in women living with and without HIV
Frontiers in Endocrinology
2023
July 7
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2023.1108313/full
Background and objective: Observations of overweight and obesity in association with neuropsychological performance (NP) vary over the adult life course depending on baseline levels, biological sex, age, race, temporality of measurements, and other factors. Therefore, similar published analyses across cohorts are inconsistent. In our sample of women living with HIV (WLWH) and women without HIV (WWOH), we conducted comparable analyses as those published in men with and without HIV. We examined cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) and NP. Methods: Four hundred thirty two 432 virologically-suppressed WLWH and 367 WWOH, ≥40 years in the Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) with anthropometry and NP assessments every two years from 2009-2019 were included in the study. Demographically-adjusted T-scores were calculated for six NP domains: learning, memory, executive function, processing speed, attention and working memory,
https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2023.1108313
37484940
PMC10361616
body mass index, neuropsychological performance, HIV, aging, waist circumference, obesity, women
Elizabeth Vásquez, Mark H. Kuniholm, Allison A. Appleton, Leah H. Rubin, Ada A. Adimora, Margaret A. Fischl, Ervin Fox, Wendy J. Mack, Susan Holman, Caitlin Anne Moran, Howard Minkoff, Michael W. Plankey, Anjali Sharma, Phyllis C. Tien, Kathleen M. Weber, Deborah R. Gustafson (2023). Midlife body mass index, central adiposity and neuropsychological performance over 10 years in women living with and without HIV. Frontiers in Endocrinology, (), . PMC10361616
Journal Article
Extracellular vesicles as biomarkers for AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin lymphoma risk
Frontiers in Immunology
2023
Sept 22
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1259007/full#h3
Introduction: Extracellular vesicles are membrane-bound structures secreted into the extracellular milieu by cells and can carry bioactive molecules. There is emerging evidence suggesting that EVs play a role in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of certain cancers. In this study, we investigate the association of EVs bearing PD-L1 and molecules important in B-cell activation and differentiation with AIDS-NHL risk. Methods: EVs were isolated from archived serum collected prior to the diagnosis of AIDS-NHL in cases (N = 51) and matched HIV+ controls (N = 52) who were men enrolled in the Los Angeles site of the MACS/WIHS Combined Cohort Study (MWCCS). Serum specimens of AIDS-NHL cases were collected at a mean time of 1.25 years (range of 2 to 36 months) prior to an AIDS-NHL diagnosis. The expression of PD-L1 and other molecules on EVs (CD40, CD40L, TNF-RII, IL-6Rα, B7-H3, ICAM-1, and FasL) were quantified by Luminex multiplex assay. Results and discussion: We observed significantl
https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1259007
37809067
PMC10556683
extracellular vesicles, biomarkers, AIDS-NHL, PD-L1, CD40, TNF-RII, IL-6Rα
Laura E. Martínez, Larry I. Magpantay, Yu Guo, Priya Hegde, Roger Detels, Shehnaz K. Hussain, Marta Epeldegui (2023). Extracellular vesicles as biomarkers for AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin lymphoma risk. Frontiers in Immunology , (), . PMC10556683
Journal Article
Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis D virus infection in women with or at risk for HIV infection in the United States
Frontiers in Medicine
2023
March 2
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2023.1070420/full
Hepatitis D virus (HDV) requires co-infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV). Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) shares transmission routes with these viruses. Among 4,932 US women infected with or at-risk for HIV during 1994–2015, HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity was more common in women with HIV (2.8% vs. 1.2%; p = 0.001); HDV was more common among participants enrolled during 2013–2015 (p = 0.0004) and those with resolved rather than active hepatitis C (1.9% vs. 0.5%; p = 0.02). Among HBsAg-positive women (n = 117), HDV antibody prevalence was 22% and did not vary by HIV status; HDV infection was associated with the presence of advanced fibrosis/cirrhosis at enrollment (adjusted odds ratio, 5.70; 95% confidence interval, 1.46–22.29). Our results demonstrate the importance of HDV testing in HBV-infected US women.
10.3389/fmed.2023.1070420
36936213
PMC10017733
epidemiology, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis D virus, hepatitis C virus, anti-HDV, persons who injected drugs
Report
Association Between Physical Activity and Psychosocial Resilience Among Middle-Aged and Aging Men Living With or Without HIV in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
Georgetown Medical Review
2023
May 11
Introduction Increased resilience has been consistently linked to improved mental and physical health outcomes. Because individuals with HIV have a longer life expectancy than ever before, it is imperative to identify mechanisms to promote resilience in this population. Physical activity has significant potential to strengthen resilience and improve overall well-being in individuals with HIV. The goal of this study was to investigate whether increased physical activity is positively associated with increased individual-level psychosocial resilience, and whether this association varied by HIV status. Methods Data for this analysis were obtained from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), a longitudinal observational cohort study following men living with and without HIV in the United States. Specifically, cross-sectional data collected between October 2016 and March 2017 from 1118 MACS participants enrolled in the Understanding Patterns of Healthy Aging Among Men Who Ha
https://doi.org/10.52504/001c.74744
physical activity, psychosocial resilience, HIV, sexual minority men, Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
Report
Subjective Age and Health Care Avoidance Among Aging Men Living With or Without HIV
Georgetown Medical Review
2023
May 11
https://gmr.scholasticahq.com/article/74742
Introduction Negative aging perceptions have been shown to influence one’s health care–seeking behaviors; this relationship has not been studied among middle-aged and aging adults living with HIV. The current study uses data from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) to investigate the association between subjective age and health care avoidance. Objective To examine the hypothesis that adults living with HIV who perceive themselves as older, after adjustment for covariates, would be more likely to avoid care than their HIV-negative counterparts who perceive themselves as older. Methods The MACS is a prospective study of more than 7000 sexual minority men living with and without HIV from 4 metropolitan US areas. The Understanding Patterns of Healthy Aging in Men Who Have Sex With Men sub-study of the MACS was conducted from April 2016 to March 2019. Current analyses use cross-sectional data on 1118 participants from this sub-study from October 2016 to March 2017. Logistic regressi
https://doi.org/10.52504/001c.74742
HIV, subjective age, healthcare avoidance, Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, MSM
Report
Machine Learning Approaches to Understand Cognitive Phenotypes in People With HIV
Infectious Diseases
2023
March 17
https://academic.oup.com/jid/article/227/Supplement_1/S48/7079925
Cognitive disorders are prevalent in people with HIV (PWH) despite antiretroviral therapy. Given the heterogeneity of cognitive disorders in PWH in the current era and evidence that these disorders have different etiologies and risk factors, scientific rationale is growing for using data-driven models to identify biologically defined subtypes (biotypes) of these disorders. Here, we discuss the state of science using machine learning to understand cognitive phenotypes in PWH and their associated comorbidities, biological mechanisms, and risk factors. We also discuss methods, example applications, challenges, and what will be required from the field to successfully incorporate machine learning in research on cognitive disorders in PWH. These topics were discussed at the National Institute of Mental Health meeting on “Biotypes of CNS Complications in People Living with HIV” held in October 2021. These ongoing research initiatives seek to explain the heterogeneity of cognitive phenotypes i
10.1093/infdis/jiac293
36930638
PMC10022709
HIV, cognitive impairment, HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders, machine learning, deep learning
Shibani S Mukerji, Kalen J Petersen, Kilian M Pohl, Raha M Dastgheyb, Howard S Fox, Robert M Bilder, Marie-Josée Brouillette, Alden L Gross, Lori A J Scott-Sheldon, Robert H Paul, Dana Gabuzda (2023). Machine Learning Approaches to Understand Cognitive Phenotypes in People With HIV . Infectious Diseases, (), . PMC10022709
Journal Article
Barriers to successful aging among older women and men living with HIV
Innovation in Aging
2023
Dec 21
https://academic.oup.com/innovateage/article/7/Supplement_1/407/7488232
This study identified and compared barriers to successful aging (SA) among older women and men living with HIV. Participants were recruited through 1) the Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), Atlanta and Brooklyn sites; and 2) the HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program at the University of California, San Diego. Our sample included 31 participants living with HIV: 17 women and 14 men, ages 52 to 73 years, 58% African American. We conducted semi-structured interviews, exploring SA with HIV. The interviews (~90 minutes long) were audio recorded, fully transcribed, and imported into MAXQDA software for analysis. Thematic and comparative analyses were conducted within a social-constructivist framework. We uncovered several themes related to SA barriers that were shared by women and men: challenging chronic conditions, stigmas, substance use, and lack of resources. We also found differences. While men stressed dreading old age and loneliness, women emphasized stress and ‘giving up’ as barrie
https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.1347
PMC10736302
Anna Rubtsova, Tonya Taylor, Gina Wingood, Ighovwerha Ofotokun, Deborah Gustafson, David Vance, Dilip Jeste, David Moore (2023). Barriers to successful aging among older women and men living with HIV. Innovation in Aging, (), . PMC10736302
Journal Article
Loneliness and Frailty Among Middle-Aged and Aging Sexual Minority Men Living With or Without HIV: A Longitudinal Cross-Lagged Panel Analysis
Innovation in Aging
2023
Oct 21
https://academic.oup.com/innovateage/advance-article/doi/10.1093/geroni/igad113/7326146
Background and Objectives Loneliness is associated with frailty among older adults (60+), and there is evidence suggesting that this association may be bidirectional. However, there is limited evidence of this relationship over time among middle-aged and aging sexual minority men. We explored the bidirectional relationship between loneliness and frailty over 2 years among sexual minority men living with or without HIV from the Healthy Aging substudy of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Research Design and Methods We used data from 1,118 men (561 living with HIV; 557 living without HIV) aged 40 years or older with measurement of frailty or loneliness at times 1 (September 2016–March 2017) and 2 (September 2018–March 2019). Descriptive statistics were generated. We used autoregressive cross-lagged panel analysis to examine the bidirectional association between frailty and loneliness at both time points while adjusting for time-stable and time-dependent covariates at time 1. Adjusted od
https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad113
38024328
PMC10652703
Loneliness, Frailty, Aging, Sexual Minority Men, Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, United States
Paula Meireles, Deanna Ware, Ana Henriques, Karen Nieves-Lugo, Valentina Stosor, Mark Brennan-Ing, Steven Meanley, Sabina Haberlen, Chukwuemeka N Okafor, Steve Shoptaw, M Reuel Friedman, Michael Plankey (2023). Loneliness and Frailty Among Middle-Aged and Aging Sexual Minority Men Living With or Without HIV: A Longitudinal Cross-Lagged Panel Analysis . Innovation in Aging, (), . PMC10652703
Journal Article
COPD in People with HIV: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Management, and Prevention Strategies
International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
2023
Nov 29
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.2147/COPD.S388142
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive respiratory disorder characterized by airflow limitation and persistent respiratory symptoms. People with HIV (PWH) are particularly vulnerable to COPD development; PWH have demonstrated both higher rates of COPD and an earlier and more rapid decline in lung function than their seronegative counterparts, even after accounting for differences in cigarette smoking. Factors contributing to this HIV-associated difference include chronic immune activation and inflammation, accelerated aging, a predilection for pulmonary infections, alterations in the lung microbiome, and the interplay between HIV and inhalational toxins. In this review, we discuss what is known about the epidemiology and pathobiology of COPD among PWH and outline screening, diagnostic, prevention, and treatment strategies.
10.2147/COPD.S388142
38050482
PMC10693779
HIV, COPD, tuberculosis, air pollution, immune activation, smoking, pulmonary infections
Katerina L Byanova, Rebecca Abelman, Crystal M North, Stephanie A Christenson, Laurence Huang (2023). COPD in People with HIV: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Management, and Prevention Strategies. International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, (), . PMC10693779
Journal Article
How Does Poverty Stigma Affect Depression Symptoms for Women Living with HIV? Longitudinal Mediating and Moderating Mechanisms
International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction
2023
Aug 31
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11469-023-01147-2#Abs1
In a sample of women living with HIV, we examined whether individual traits fear of negative evaluation and resilience moderate the internalization of poverty stigma that these women experience from others. We also examined the downstream effects of these processes on depression symptoms using moderated serial mediation analyses. Data were collected annually for 4 years (2016-2020; T1, T2, T3, and T4) from 369 women living with HIV at 4 US cities using validated measures. Moderation effects were evaluated examining simple slopes at one standard deviation above and below the mean of the moderator. In all mediation analyses utilizing bootstrapping, we used the independent variable measured at T1, the mediators measured at subsequent visits (T2 and T3), and the outcome at the last visit (T4) to preserve the temporal sequence among the independent variable, mediators, and outcome variable. We also adjusted for T1 values of all mediators and outcome variables in analyses. Women with stronge
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-023-01147-2
Negative evaluation, Resilience, HIV, Poverty, Stigma, Depression, Coping
Bulent Turan, Mirjam-Colette Kempf, Deborah Konkle-Parker, Tracey E. Wilson, Phyllis C. Tien, Gina Wingood, Torsten B. Neilands, Mallory O. Johnson, Carmen H. Logie, Sheri D. Weiser, Janet M. Turan (2023). How Does Poverty Stigma Affect Depression Symptoms for Women Living with HIV? Longitudinal Mediating and Moderating Mechanisms. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction , (), .
Journal Article
Gut Microbiota and Cognitive Function Among Women Living with HIV
J Alzheimers Dis
2023
Sept 23
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37661881/
Background: Altered gut microbiota has been associated with cognitive dysfunction and Alzheimer's disease, but little is known among people living with HIV. Objective: To examine associations between gut microbiota and cognitive impairment among women with or without HIV. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of 446 women (302 HIV+) who had completed a neuropsychological test battery and stool sample collected within 1 year. Gut microbiota composition was quantified using 16SV4 rRNA gene sequencing and microbial functional pathways were predicted using PICRUSt. Cognitive domains included attention, executive function, learning, memory, fluency, processing speed, and motor function. Cognitive impairment was defined as two or more domains with T scores < 1 SD below mean. ANCOM-II was used to identify taxa and functional pathways associated with cognitive impairment, and the associations were further examined by multivariable logistic regression. Results: In overall sample, adjustin
10.3233/JAD-230117
37661881
PMC10771810
Alzheimer’s disease; HIV; cognitive impairment; gut microbiome; human; women.
Simin Hua, Brandilyn A Peters, Susie Lee, Kathryn Fitzgerald, Zheng Wang, Christopher C Sollecito, Evan Grassi, Fanua Wiek, Lauren St Peter, Gypsyamber D'Souza, Kathleen M Weber, Robert C Kaplan, Deborah Gustafson, Anjali Sharma, Robert D Burk, Leah H Rubin, Qibin Qi (2023). Gut Microbiota and Cognitive Function Among Women Living with HIV. J Alzheimers Dis, (), . PMC10771810
Journal Article
CKD-EPI and EKFC GFR Estimating Equations: Performance and Other Considerations for Selecting Equations for Implementation in Adults
J Am Soc Nephrol
2023
Dec 1
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37796982/
Significance statement: New eGFR equations from Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) and European Kidney Function Consortium (EKFC) using creatinine (eGFRcr), cystatin C (eGFRcys), and both (eGFRcr-cys) have sufficient accuracy for use in clinical practice, leading to uncertainty in selecting equations for implementation. The authors evaluated performance of equations in an independent population of 4050 adults and evaluated other considerations important for implementation. They found that CKD-EPI and EKFC equations are approaching convergence, with better performance of eGFRcr-cys equations in the overall group and fewer differences among race, sex, and age subgroups than eGFRcr equations. Larger differences among eGFRcr equations reflect regional population differences in creatinine, forcing a trade-off between accuracy and uniformity in global implementation of eGFRcr equations. More widespread use of cystatin C could avoid this trade-off. Background: New CK
10.1681/ASN.0000000000000227
37796982
PMC10703072
Adult; Aged; Creatinine; Cystatin C; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate*; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic*;
Lesley A Inker, Hocine Tighiouart, Ogechi M Adingwupu, Michael G Shlipak, Alessandro Doria, Michelle M Estrella, Marc Froissart, Vilmundur Gudnason, Anders Grubb, Roberto Kalil, Michael Mauer, Peter Rossing, Jesse Seegmiller, Josef Coresh, Andrew S Levey (2023). CKD-EPI and EKFC GFR Estimating Equations: Performance and Other Considerations for Selecting Equations for Implementation in Adults. J Am Soc Nephrol, (), . PMC10703072
Journal Article
Association of gut microbiota with objective sleep measures in women with and without HIV infection: the IDOze study
J Infect Dis
2023
Aug 31
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37650624/
Background: Poor sleep health is an underrecognized health challenge, especially for people living with HIV. Gut microbiota related to sleep are under-investigated. Methods: The IDOze microbiota substudy included 190 women (114 with HIV and 76 without HIV). Wrist actigraphy measured total sleep duration, sleep efficiency, number of wake bouts, wake after sleep onset, fragmentation index, and sleep timing. 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified gut microbial genera. Analysis of Compositions of Microbiomes with Bias Correction was used to investigate cross-sectional associations between gut microbiota and sleep. Abundances of sleep-related gut microbial genera were compared between women with and without HIV. Results: Enrichment of seven short-chain-fatty-acid-producing genera (e.g., Butyricimonas, Roseburia, and Blautia) was associated with lower fragmentation index. Enrichment of nine genera (e.g., Dorea) was associated with lower sleep efficiency and/or more wake after sleep onset. Enr
10.1093/infdis/jiad371
37650624
PMC10640774
HIV infection; gut microbiota; sleep; women
Yanbo Zhang, Chin Lun Lin, Kathleen M Weber, Jiaqian Xing, Brandilyn A Peters, Christopher C Sollecito, Evan Grassi, Fanua Wiek, Xiaonan Xue, Eric C Seaberg, Deborah Gustafson, Kathryn Anastos, Anjali Sharma, Helen J Burgess, Robert D Burk, Qibin Qi, Audrey L French (2023). Association of gut microbiota with objective sleep measures in women with and without HIV infection: the IDOze study. J Infect Dis, (), . PMC10640774
Journal Article
Mapping the interplay between NK cells and HIV: therapeutic implications
J Leukoc Biol
2023
Feb 11
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36822173/
Although highly effective at durably suppressing plasma HIV-1 viremia, combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) treatment regimens do not eradicate the virus, which persists in long-lived CD4+ T cells. This latent viral reservoir serves as a source of plasma viral rebound following treatment interruption, thus requiring lifelong adherence to ART. Additionally, challenges remain related not only to access to therapy but also to a higher prevalence of comorbidities with an inflammatory etiology in treated HIV-1+ individuals, underscoring the need to explore therapeutic alternatives that achieve sustained virologic remission in the absence of ART. Natural killer (NK) cells are uniquely positioned to positively impact antiviral immunity, in part due to the pleiotropic nature of their effector functions, including the acquisition of memory-like features, and, therefore, hold great promise for transforming HIV-1 therapeutic modalities. In addition to defining the ability of NK cells to contr
10.1093/jleuko/qiac007
36822173
PMC10043732
HIV; adaptive NK cells; broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs); dendritic cells (DCs); innate immune memory; memory NK cells.
Renee R Anderko , Robbie B Mailliard (2023). Mapping the interplay between NK cells and HIV: therapeutic implications . J Leukoc Biol, (), . PMC10043732
Journal Article
Immunization of Mice with Virus-Like Vesicles of Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Reveals a Role for Antibodies Targeting ORF4 in Activating Complement-Mediated Neutralization
J Virol
2023
Feb 9
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36757205/
nfection by Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) can cause severe consequences, such as cancers and lymphoproliferative diseases. Whole inactivated viruses (WIV) with chemically destroyed genetic materials have been used as antigens in several licensed vaccines. During KSHV productive replication, virus-like vesicles (VLVs) that lack capsids and viral genomes are generated along with virions. Here, we investigated the immunogenicity of KSHV VLVs produced from a viral mutant that was defective in capsid formation and DNA packaging. Mice immunized with adjuvanted VLVs generated KSHV-specific T cell and antibody responses. Neutralization of KSHV infection by the VLV immune serum was low but was markedly enhanced in the presence of the complement system. Complement-enhanced neutralization and complement deposition on KSHV-infected cells was dependent on antibodies targeting viral open reading frame 4 (ORF4). However, limited complement-mediated enhancement was detected in the sera
10.1128/jvi.01600-22
36757205
PMC9972917
KSHV; antibody function; complement; neutralizing antibodies; vaccine
Alex K Lam, Romin Roshan, Wendell Miley, Nazzarena Labo, James Zhen, Andrew P Kurland, Celine Cheng, Haigen Huang, Pu-Lin Teng, Claire Harelson, Danyang Gong, Ying K Tam, Caius G Radu, Marta Epeldegui, Jeffrey R Johnson, Z Hong Zhou, Denise Whitby, Ting-Ting Wu (2023). Immunization of Mice with Virus-Like Vesicles of Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Reveals a Role for Antibodies Targeting ORF4 in Activating Complement-Mediated Neutralization. J Virol, (), . PMC9972917
Journal Article
Association Between Liver and Heart Fibrosis in Women With or At Risk for HIV: The Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS)
JACC
2023
Mar
https://www.jacc.org/doi/full/10.1016/S0735-1097%2823%2901919-8
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease/steatohepatitis is now the leading cause of end-stage liver disease. Women with or at risk for HIV in the U.S. come from socioeconomically disadvantaged groups with a high prevalence of obesity and substance use, making them susceptible to steatohepatitis. The risk is amplified by HIV- and hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related hepatic injury, although this can be mitigated by treatment. Liver fibrosis has been linked to cardiovascular disease in general cohorts, but this relationship is less well studied in the context of HIV. Methods We investigated the cross-sectional relationship of liver and myocardial fibrosis by contrast-enhanced MRI in New York WIHS participants. Using T1 mapping, we calculated extracellular volume fraction (ECV), a measure of fibrosis, in the heart and liver. Results N=180; median age 53; 65% Black, 30% Hispanic; median BMI 29.4 kg/m2; self-report of heavy alcohol use 6% and ever using injection drugs 15%; HIV-seropositi
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0735-1097(23)01919-8
Luisa Ciuffo, Yoko Kato, Bharath Ambale Venkatesh, Sanyog Shitole, Chia-Ying Liu, Jeffrey M. Levsky, Linda B. Haramati, Jason M. Lazar, Kathryn Anastos, Robert Kaplan, Joao A.C. Lima, and Jorge R. Kizer (2023). Association Between Liver and Heart Fibrosis in Women With or At Risk for HIV: The Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) . JACC, (), 1475 - 1475.
Journal Article
Association Between Left Ventricular Scar and Ventricular Ectopy in People Living With and Without HIV
JACC: Advances
2023
Nov 17
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772963X23007457
Background People living with HIV (PLWH) have greater risk for arrhythmic sudden death and heart failure than people without HIV (PWOH), though risk identifiers remain understudied. Higher ventricular ectopy (VE) burden reflects increased arrhythmic susceptibility and cardiomyopathy risk. Objectives The purpose of this study was to test if myocardial scar measured by late gadolinium-enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance (LGE-CMR) associates with VE by ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring among PLWH and PWOH with risk factors for HIV, and if the association differs by HIV. Methods Participants from 3 cohorts of PLWH and PWOH underwent electrocardiographic monitoring (median wear time 8.3 days) and CMR. Using multivariable regression, we assessed: 1) associations between scar metrics and VE, adjusting for demographics, HIV serostatus, substance use, cardiovascular risk factors, and left ventricular (LV) function/structure; and 2) effect measure modification by HIV. Resul
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacadv.2023.100722
38390432
PMC10883264
CMR-LGEHIV, myocardial scar, premature ventricular contractions, risk markers
Aishat Mustapha, Tess E. Peterson, Sabina Haberlen, Michael Plankey, Frank Palella, Damani A. Piggott, Joseph B. Margolick. Wendy S. Post, Katherine C. Wu (2023). Association Between Left Ventricular Scar and Ventricular Ectopy in People Living With and Without HIV. JACC: Advances, (), . PMC10883264
Journal Article
Trajectories of Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence and Virologic Failure in Women With HIV in the United States
JAIDS
2023
Feb 13
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10180014/
Background: Women with HIV (WHIV) in the United States face many challenges with adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART), and suboptimal adherence often leads to virologic failure. This study aimed to determine the association between ART adherence trajectories and the risk of virologic failure. Methods: We included WHIV (aged 18 years or older) enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study in the United States from April 2014 to September 2019 who had at least 2 consecutive measurements of HIV RNA and ≥3 measurements of self-reported adherence. Group-based trajectory modeling was used to identify adherence trajectories. Cox proportional hazard ratios were used to measure the association. Main Outcome Measure: Virologic failure was defined as HIV RNA ≥200 copies/mL at 2 consecutive visits. Results: We included 1437 WHIV (median age 49 years). Of all women, 173 (12.0%) experienced virologic failure. Four adherence trajectories were identified, namely “consistently high” (26.3%), “m
10.1097/QAI.0000000000003174
36804871
PMC10180014
medication adherence, antiretroviral therapy, group-based trajectory modeling, virologic failure, women
Abubaker Ibrahim Elbur, Musie Ghebremichael, Deborah Konkle-Parker, Deborah L. Jones, Shelby Collins, Adaora A. Adimora, Michael F. Schneider, Mardge H. Cohen, Bani Tamraz, Michael Plankey, Tracey Wilson, Adebola Adedimeji, Jessica Haberer, and Denise L. Jacobson (2023). Trajectories of Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence and Virologic Failure in Women With HIV in the United States. JAIDS, (), . PMC10180014
Journal Article
Association of Higher Intake of Plant-Based Foods and Protein With Slower Kidney Function Decline in Women With HIV
JAIDS
2023
Nov 1
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37850979/
Background: We investigated whether there exists an association between dietary acid load and kidney function decline in women living with HIV (WLWH) receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). Setting: One thousand six hundred eight WLWH receiving ART in the WIHS cohort with available diet data and a baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥15 mL/minute/1.73 m2. Methods: A brief dietary instrument conducted from 2013 to 2016 under the Food Insecurity Sub-Study was used for assessing fruits and vegetables (FV) and protein intake. A mixed-effects model with random intercept and slope was used to estimate subjects' annual decline rate in eGFR and the association between FV intake and eGFR decline, adjusting for sociodemographics, serum albumin, comorbidities, time on ART, ART drugs, HIV markers, and baseline eGFR. We evaluated whether markers of inflammation mediated the effect of FV intake on decline in eGFR, using causal mediation analysis. Results: We found a dose–resp
10.1097/QAI.0000000000003269
37850979
PMC10593493
dietary intake, fruits and vegetables, kidney function, inflammation, HIV
Tanushree Banerjee, Edward A Frongillo, Janet M Turan, Lila A Sheira, Adebola Adedimeji, Tracey Wilson, Daniel Merenstein, Mardge Cohen, Adaora A Adimora, Igho Ofotokun, Lisa Metsch, Gypsyamber D'Souza, Margaret A Fischl, Molly C Fisher, Phyllis C Tien, Sheri D Weiser (2023). Association of Higher Intake of Plant-Based Foods and Protein With Slower Kidney Function Decline in Women With HIV. JAIDS, (), . PMC10593493
Journal Article
Aging-related comorbidity burden among women and men with or at-risk for HIV in the United States, 2008-2019
JAMA Network
2023
Aug 7
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37548977/
Importance: Despite aging-related comorbidities representing a growing threat to quality-of-life and mortality among persons with HIV (PWH), clinical guidance for comorbidity screening and prevention is lacking. Understanding comorbidity distribution and severity by sex and gender is essential to informing guidelines for promoting healthy aging in adults with HIV. Objective: To assess the association of human immunodeficiency virus on the burden of aging-related comorbidities among US adults in the modern treatment era. Design, setting, and participants: This cross-sectional analysis included data from US multisite observational cohort studies of women (Women's Interagency HIV Study) and men (Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study) with HIV and sociodemographically comparable HIV-seronegative individuals. Participants were prospectively followed from 2008 for men and 2009 for women (when more than 80% of participants with HIV reported antiretroviral therapy use) through last observation up un
10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.27584
37548977
PMC10407688
Lauren F. Collins, Frank J. Palella Jr, C. Christina Mehta, JaNae Holloway, Valentina Stosor, Jordan E. Lake, Todd T. Brown, Elizabeth F. Topper, Susanna Naggie, Kathryn Anastos, Tonya N. Taylor, Seble Kassaye, Audrey L. French, Adaora A. Adimora, Margaret A. Fischl, Mirjam-Colette Kempf, Susan L. Koletar, Phyllis C. Tien, Ighovwerha Ofotokun, Anandi N. Sheth (2023). Aging-related comorbidity burden among women and men with or at-risk for HIV in the United States, 2008-2019 . JAMA Network, (), . PMC10407688
Journal Article
Plasma Biomarkers of Alzheimer Disease in Women With and Without HIV
JAMA Network
2023
Nov 29
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2812363?guestAccessKey=5e9a18e1-1e91-418e-88aa-df3f500f9334&utm_source=jps&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=author_alert-jamanetwork&utm_content=author-author_engagement&utm_term=1m
Importance Blood-based biomarkers associated with increased risk of Alzheimer disease (AD) are understudied in people living with and without HIV, particularly women. Objective To determine whether baseline or 1-year changes in plasma amyloid-β40 (Aβ40), Aβ42, ratio of Aβ42 to Aβ40, total tau (t-tau), phosphorylated tau 231 (p-tau231), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and/or neurofilament light chain (NFL) are associated with neuropsychological performance (NP) among women living with HIV (WLWH) and women living without HIV (WLWOH). Design, Setting, and Participants This longitudinal, prospective, cohort study with 1-year repeated clinical measures (NP only measured once) and biospecimen collection occurred between 2017 and 2019. Participants were women aged 40 years or older from 10 clinical research sites in cities across the US that were part of the Women’s Interagency HIV Study. Data analysis was conducted from April to December 2022. Exposure Laboratory-confirmed HIV
doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.44194
38019518
PMC10687654
Xuantao Li, Recai Yucel,Helene Clervius, Kundun Kamalakar, Henrik Zetterberg, Kaj Blennow, Jinbing Zhang, Adaora Adimora, Lauren Collins, Margaret Fischl, Seble Kassaye, Pauline Maki, Eric Seaberg, Anjali Sharma, David Vance, Deborah R. Gustafson (2023). Plasma Biomarkers of Alzheimer Disease in Women With and Without HIV. JAMA Network, (), . PMC10687654
Journal Article
Sex hormones, the stool microbiome, and subclinical atherosclerosis in women with and without HIV
JCEM
2023
Aug 29
https://academic.oup.com/jcem/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1210/clinem/dgad510/7255286?redirectedFrom=fulltext
Brandilyn A Peters, David B Hanna, Yi Wang, Kathleen M Weber, Elizabeth Topper, Allison A Appleton, Anjali Sharma, Howard N Hodis, Nanette Santoro, Chantal Guillemette, Patrick Caron, Rob Knight, Robert D Burk, Robert C Kaplan, Qibin Qi
https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgad510
37643897
PMC11032255
microbiome, sex hormones, HIV, atherosclerosis
Brandilyn A Peters, David B Hanna, Yi Wang, Kathleen M Weber, Elizabeth Topper, Allison A Appleton, Anjali Sharma, Howard N Hodis, Nanette Santoro, Chantal Guillemette, Patrick Caron, Rob Knight, Robert D Burk, Robert C Kaplan, Qibin Qi (2023). Sex hormones, the stool microbiome, and subclinical atherosclerosis in women with and without HIV. JCEM, (), . PMC11032255
Journal Article
The Relationship Between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Alcohol Misuse and Smoking Among Aging Men Who Have Sex With Men: No Evidence of Exercise or Volunteering Impact
Journal of Aging and Health
2023
Nov 17
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/08982643231215475
Objectives To determine if the association between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use (alcohol misuse or smoking tobacco) is mediated/moderated by exercise or volunteering among aging (≥40 years) men who have sex with men (MSM), and if this mediation/moderation differs by HIV serostatus. Methods Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study data were used. Three datasets with PTSD measured during different time periods (10/1/2017-3/31/2018, 898 men; 4/1/2018-9/30/2018, 890 men; 10/1/2018-3/31/2019, 895 men) were analyzed. Longitudinal mediation analyses estimated the mediation effect of exercise and volunteering on the outcomes. Results Nine percent of MSM had evidence of PTSD. There was no statistically significant mediation effect of exercise or volunteering regardless of substance use outcome. The odds of smoking at a future visit among MSM with PTSD were approximately double those of MSM without PTSD. Results did not differ by HIV serostatus. Discussion There is a particular ne
https://doi.org/10.1177/08982643231215475
37976419
PMC11288306
posttraumatic stress disorder, PTSD, alcohol misuse, smoking tobacco, men who have sex with men, MSM, aging, USA
Benjamin W. Barrett, Steven Meanley, Mark Brennan-Ing, Sabina A. Haberlen, Deanna Ware, Roger Detels, M. Reuel Friedman, Michael W. Plankey, (2023). The Relationship Between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Alcohol Misuse and Smoking Among Aging Men Who Have Sex With Men: No Evidence of Exercise or Volunteering Impact. Journal of Aging and Health, (), . PMC11288306
Journal Article
APOE genotype, plasma apolipoprotein e and cognition in a cross-sectional cohort analysis of HIV+ and HIV- women
Journal of the Neurological Sciences
2023
Dec
https://www.jns-journal.com/article/S0022-510X(23)00869-9/fulltext
The APOE-ε4 allele is the strongest genetic risk factor for sporadic late-onset Alzheimer's Disease. APOE- ε4 carriers are observed to have lower plasma ApoE concentrations, poorer cognition and greater cognitive decline. We investigated associations between APOE-ε4 and plasma ApoE concentration, and cognitive performance in women with and without HIV infection (HIV+, HIV- respectively). Three hypotheses included: (1) increasing APOE-ε4 allele copy number (range:0–2) is associated with lower plasma ApoE concentration, (2) possession of any APOE-ε4 is associated with worse cognitive performance, and (3) lower plasma ApoE concentration is associated with worse cognitive performance.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2023.121408
Ethan Kidde, Howard Crystal, Sheila Keating, Susan Holman, Howard Minkoff, Deborah Gustafson (2023). APOE genotype, plasma apolipoprotein e and cognition in a cross-sectional cohort analysis of HIV+ and HIV- women. Journal of the Neurological Sciences, (), .
Journal Article
Discordance Between Creatinine-Based and Cystatin C–Based Estimated GFR: Interpretation According to Performance Compared to Measured GFR
Kidney Med
2023
Aug 09
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10518599/#:~:text=To%20evaluate%20this%20gap%20in,differences%20between%20the%202%20estimates.
Rationale & Objective Use of cystatin C in addition to creatinine to estimate glomerular filtration rate (estimated glomerular filtration rate based on cystatin C [eGFRcys] and estimated glomerular filtration rate based on creatinine [eGFRcr], respectively) is increasing. When eGFRcr and eGFRcys are discordant, it is not known which is more accurate, leading to uncertainty in clinical decision making. Study Design Cross-sectional analysis. Setting & Participants Four thousand fifty participants with measured glomerular filtration rate (mGFR) from 12 studies in North America and Europe. Exposures Serum creatinine and serum cystatin C. Outcome(s) Performance of creatinine-based and cystatin C–based glomerular filtration rate estimating equations compared to mGFR. Analytical Approach We evaluated the accuracy of eGFRcr, eGFRcys, and the combination (eGFRcr-cys) compared to mGFR according to the magnitude of the difference between eGFRcr and eGFRcys (eGFRdiff). We used CKD-EPI (Chroni
10.1016/j.xkme.2023.100710
37753251
PMC10518599
Glomerular filtration rate, creatinine, cystatin, estimated GFR
(2023). Discordance Between Creatinine-Based and Cystatin C–Based Estimated GFR: Interpretation According to Performance Compared to Measured GFR. Kidney Med, (), . PMC10518599
Journal Article
Characterization of T Follicular Helper Cells and T Follicular Regulatory Cells in HIV-Infected and Sero-Negative Individuals
Multicenter Study
2023
Jan 12
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36672230/
Humoral immune response is important in fighting pathogens by the production of specific antibodies by B cells. In germinal centers, T follicular helper (TFH) cells provide important help to B-cell antibody production but also contribute to HIV persistence. T follicular regulatory (TFR) cells, which inhibit the function of TFH cells, express similar surface markers. Since FOXP3 is the only marker that distinguishes TFR from TFH cells it is unknown whether the increase in TFH cells observed in HIV infection and HIV persistence may be partly due to an increase in TFR cells. Using multicolor flow cytometry to detect TFH and TFR cells in cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HIV-infected and non-infected participants in the UCLA Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), we identified CD3+CXCR5+CD4+CD8-BCL6+ peripheral blood TFH (pTFH) cells and CD3+CXCR5+CD4+CD8-FOXP3+ peripheral blood TFR (pTFR) cells. Unlike TFR cells in germinal centers, pTFR cells do not express B cell lymp
10.3390/cells12020296
36672230
PMC9856637
HIV; T follicular helper cells; T follicular regulatory cells; flow cytometry.
Bradley Salvatore, Rachel S Resop , Brent R Gordon , Marta Epeldegui, Otoniel Martinez-Maza, Begoña Comin-Anduix , Alex Lam, Ting-Ting Wu, Christel H Uittenbogaart (2023). Characterization of T Follicular Helper Cells and T Follicular Regulatory Cells in HIV-Infected and Sero-Negative Individuals. Multicenter Study, (), . PMC9856637
Journal Article
HLA class I signal peptide polymorphism determines the level of CD94/NKG2-HLA-E-mediated regulation of effector cell responses
Nat Immunol
2023
Jun 1
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37264229/
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-E binds epitopes derived from HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C and HLA-G signal peptides (SPs) and serves as a ligand for CD94/NKG2A and CD94/NKG2C receptors expressed on natural killer and T cell subsets. We show that among 16 common classical HLA class I SP variants, only 6 can be efficiently processed to generate epitopes that enable CD94/NKG2 engagement, which we term 'functional SPs'. The single functional HLA-B SP, known as HLA-B/-21M, induced high HLA-E expression, but conferred the lowest receptor recognition. Consequently, HLA-B/-21M SP competes with other SPs for providing epitope to HLA-E and reduces overall recognition of target cells by CD94/NKG2A, calling for reassessment of previous disease models involving HLA-B/-21M. Genetic population data indicate a positive correlation between frequencies of functional SPs in humans and corresponding cytomegalovirus mimics, suggesting a means for viral escape from host responses. The systematic, quantitative approac
10.1038/s41590-023-01523-z
37264229
PMC10690437
Zhansong Lin, Arman A Bashirova, Mathias Viard, Lee Garner, Max Quastel, Maya Beiersdorfer, Wojciech K Kasprzak, Marjan Akdag, Yuko Yuki, Pedro Ojeda, Sudipto Das, Thorkell Andresson, Vivek Naranbhai, Amir Horowitz, Andrew J McMichael, Angelique Hoelzemer, Geraldine M Gillespie 4, Wilfredo F Garcia-Beltran, Mary Carrington (2023). HLA class I signal peptide polymorphism determines the level of CD94/NKG2-HLA-E-mediated regulation of effector cell responses. Nat Immunol , (), . PMC10690437
Journal Article
Early-career research education mentoring: a successful program in NeuroHIV and mental health (TRNAMH)
NeuroImmune Pharmacology and Therapeutics
2023
May 8
https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/nipt-2023-0009/html
Understanding the detrimental impacts of HIV infection on the nervous system has been a major research focus since the virus was identified in the late 1980s. Forty years ago, people presenting with clinical symptoms, including severe subcortical cognitive impairment, movement disorders, typically bradykinesia, and gait abnormalities with or without behavioral symptoms, were diagnosed with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) dementia complex (ADC). ADC became the first described and clinically used definition of AIDS [1–3] (Figure 1). It was also recognized that HIV affected the spinal cord resulting in a vacuolar myelopathy and peripheral nerve small fiber neuropathy with several scientists at Johns Hopkins contributing to seminal findings to the latter [4–8]. In the decades since the start of the HIV pandemic, scientific innovations in testing, treatment, and management built upon key biologic insights and understanding gained from basic and clinical research, have improved th
https://doi.org/10.1515/nipt-2023-0009
biomedical workforce; clinical/translational research; diversity; education; HIV/AIDS; mental health; neurology
Heather Thomas , Asante R. Kamkwalala , Avindra Nath , Justin McArthur , Valerie Wojna , Bruce Shiramizu , Ned Sacktor , Carlos A. Pardo , Norman Haughey , Janice Clements , Joseph Mankowski , Christine Zink , Joseph Steiner , Martin Pomper , Linda Chang , Beau Ances , Kurt Hauser , Scott Letendre , Monique Stins , Vivek Nerurkar , Shilpa Buch , Tricia Burdo , Leah H. Rubin , Takashi Tsukamoto , Mikhail Pletnikov , Rachel Salas , Charlene Gamaldo , Peter Dziedzic and Amanda M. Brown (2023). Early-career research education mentoring: a successful program in NeuroHIV and mental health (TRNAMH). NeuroImmune Pharmacology and Therapeutics, (), .
Journal Article
Study Protocol Using Cohort Data and Latent Variable Modeling to Guide Sampling Women with Type 2 Diabetes and Depressive Symptoms.
Nursing Research
2023
May 12
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37625185/
Background Depression affects one in three women with type 2 diabetes, and this concurrence significantly increases the risks of diabetes complications, disability, and early mortality. Depression is underrecognized due to wide variation in presentation and the lack of diagnostic biomarkers. Converging evidence suggests inflammation is a shared biological pathway in diabetes and depression. Overlapping epigenetic associations and social determinants of diabetes and depression implicate inflammatory pathways as a common thread. Objectives This paper describes the protocol and methods for a pilot study aimed to examine associations between depressive symptoms, inflammation, and social determinants of health among women with type 2 diabetes. Methods This is an observational correlational study that leverages existing longitudinal data from the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), a multicenter cohort of HIV seropositive (66%) and HIV seronegative (33%) women, to inform purposive sampling
10.1097/nnr.0000000000000669
37625185
PMC10534023
depressive symptoms, diabetes, latent variable modeling, precision health, sampling, social determinants of health, stress, Type 2 diabetes, women
Report
Disparities in hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control among women living with and without HIV in the US South
Open Forum Infectious Diseases
2023
Dec 18
https://academic.oup.com/ofid/advance-article/doi/10.1093/ofid/ofad642/7477763
Background Hypertension-related diseases are major causes of morbidity among women living with HIV. We evaluated cross-sectional associations of race/ethnicity and HIV infection with hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control. Methods Among women recruited into Women’s Interagency HIV Study Southern sites (2013-2015), hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg according to clinical guidelines when data were collected, self-report of hypertension, or use of antihypertensive medication. Awareness was defined as self-report of hypertension, and treatment was self-report of any antihypertensive medication use. Blood pressure control was defined as <140/90 mmHg at baseline. Prevalence ratios for each hypertension outcome were estimated using Poisson regression models with robust variance estimators adjusted for sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical risk factors. Results Among 712 women, 56% had hypertension and 8
https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofad642
38196400
PMC10776242
Hypertension, women, HIV, racial and ethnic minorities, antihypertensive agents
Jessica Blair, Mirjam-Colette Kempf, Jodie A Dionne, Zenoria Causey-Pruitt, Jenni M Wise, Elizabeth A Jackson, Paul Muntner, David B Hanna, Jorge R Kizer, Margaret Fischl, Igho Ofotokun, Adaora A Adimora, Stephen J Gange, Ilene Brill, Emily B Levitan (2023). Disparities in hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control among women living with and without HIV in the US South . Open Forum Infectious Diseases, (), . PMC10776242
Journal Article
HIV infection and cardiovascular disease have both shared and distinct monocyte gene expression features: Women’s Interagency HIV study
PLOS ONE
2023
May 19
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0285926
Persistent inflammation contributes to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) as an HIV-associated comorbidity. Innate immune cells such as monocytes are major drivers of inflammation in men and women with HIV. The study objectives are to examine the contribution of circulating non-classical monocytes (NCM, CD14dimCD16+) and intermediate monocytes (IM, CD14+CD16+) to the host response to long-term HIV infection and HIV-associated CVD. Women with and without chronic HIV infection (H) were studied. Subclinical CVD (C) was detected as plaques imaged by B-mode carotid artery ultrasound. The study included H-C-, H+C-, H-C+, and H+C+ participants (23 of each, matched on race/ethnicity, age and smoking status), selected from among enrollees in the Women’s Interagency HIV Study. We assessed transcriptomic features associated with HIV or CVD alone or comorbid HIV/CVD comparing to healthy (H-C-) participants in IM and NCM isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. IM gene express
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0285926
37205656
PMC10198505
Juan Lin,Erik Ehinger,David B. Hanna,Qibin Qi,Tao Wang,Yanal Ghosheh,Karin Mueller,Kathryn Anastos,Jason M. Lazar,Wendy J. Mack,Phyllis C. Tien,Joan W. Berman,Mardge H. Cohen,Igho Ofotokun,Stephen Gange,Chenglong Liu,Sonya L. Heath,Russell P. Tracy,Howard N. Hodis,Alan L. Landay,Klaus Ley ,Robert C. Kaplan (2023). HIV infection and cardiovascular disease have both shared and distinct monocyte gene expression features: Women’s Interagency HIV study. PLOS ONE, (), . PMC10198505
Journal Article
Relationship among serum levels of IL-6, sIL-6R, s gp130 and CD126 on T-cell in HIV-1 infected and uninfected men participating in the Los Angeles Multi-Center AIDS Cohort Study
Plos One
2023
Oct 09
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0290702
Introduction Interleukin 6 (IL-6) activates cells through its unique heterodimeric signaling complex of IL-6 receptor (IL6R) subunit and interleukin 6 signal transducer β-subunit glycoprotein 130 (gp130). The objective of this study was to investigate associations among serum levels of IL-6, sIL-6R, sgp130 and relative fluorescence intensity (RFI) of the α-subunit of the IL-6 receptor (CD126) on T-cells of HIV-1 infected and uninfected men. Methods Blood samples were obtained from 69 HIV-1-infected men on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) with mean age of 49.1 and 52 HIV-1-uninfected with mean age of 54.3 years -. All men were participating in the Los Angeles Multi-Center AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Serum levels of IL-6, sIL-6R, sgp130 were measured by enzyme-linked immunoassays and T-cell phenotypic analysis and RFI of CD126 on CD4+ and CD8+ by flow cytometry. Results Mean serum levels of IL-6, sIL6R, sgp130 and of CD126 RFI on CD4+ were 4.34 pg/mL, 39.3 ng/mL, 349 ng/mL and
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.
37812611
PMC10561848
Najib Aziz ,Roger Shih ,Nicole Alexopoulos ,Beth D. Jamieson ,Matthew J. Mimiaga ,Otoniel Martinez-Maza ,Roger Detels (2023). Relationship among serum levels of IL-6, sIL-6R, s gp130 and CD126 on T-cell in HIV-1 infected and uninfected men participating in the Los Angeles Multi-Center AIDS Cohort Study. Plos One, (), . PMC10561848
Journal Article
Trauma Across the Life Span and Multisystem Morbidity in Women With HIV
Psychosom Med
2023
Mar 15
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36961349/
Objective: Sexual and physical abuse are highly prevalent among women living with HIV (WLWH) and are risk factors for the development of mental health and substance use disorders (MHDs, SUDs), and cognitive and medical comorbidities. We examined empirically derived patterns of trauma, MHD, and SUD, and associations with later cognitive and health outcomes. Methods: A total of 1027 WLWH (average age = 48.6 years) in the Women's Interagency HIV Study completed the World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview from 2010 to 2013 to identify MHDs, SUDs, and age at onset of sexual and physical abuse. Then, cognitive impairment, cardiovascular/metabolic conditions, and HIV disease outcomes were assessed for up to 8.8 years. Latent class analysis identified patterns of co-occurring trauma, MHDs, and/or SUDs. Generalized estimating equations determined associations between these patterns and midlife cognitive and medical outcomes. Results: Six distinct profiles emerged: no/
10.1097/PSY.0000000000001192
36961349
PMC10450638
trauma, women, HIV, mental health, substance use, ART = antiretroviral, AUD = alcohol use disorder, B = unstandardized β coefficient, BMI = body mass index, DUD = drug use disorder, FIB = 4 = fibrosis-4, HOMA-IR = homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, HVLT-R = Hopkins Verbal Learning Test—Revised, LCA = latent class analysis, MHD = mental health disorder, NP = neuropsychological, PLWH = people living with HIV, PTSD = posttraumatic stress disorder, SE = standard error, SUD = substance use disorder, TMT = Trail Making Test, WIHS = Women’s Interagency HIV Study, WMH-CIDI = World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview, WLWH = women living with HIV
Leah H Rubin, Pauline M Maki, Raha M Dastgheyb, Pamela J Steigman, Jane Burke-Miller, Yanxun Xu, Wei Jin, Oluwakemi Sosanya, Deborah Gustafson, Daniel Merenstein, Joel Milam, Kathleen M Weber, Gayle Springer, Judith A Cook (2023). Trauma Across the Life Span and Multisystem Morbidity in Women With HIV. Psychosom Med, (), . PMC10450638
Journal Article
Dual Trajectories of Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence and Polypharmacy in Women with HIV in the United States
Res Sq
2023
Jan 23
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36747684/
Background Polypharmacy, using five or more medications, may increase the risk of nonadherence to prescribed treatment. We aimed to identify the interrelationship between trajectories of adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and polypharmacy. Methods We included women with HIV (aged ≥ 18) enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study in the United States from 2014 to 2019. We used group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) to identify trajectories of adherence to ART and polypharmacy and the dual GBTM to identify the interrelationship between adherence and polypharmacy. Results Overall, 1,538 were eligible (median age of 49 years). GBTM analysis revealed five latent trajectories of adherence with 42% of women grouped in the consistently moderate trajectory. GBTM identified four polypharmacy trajectories with 45% categorized in the consistently low group. Conclusions The joint model did not reveal any interrelationship between ART adherence and polypharmacy trajectories. Future resea
10.21203/rs.3.rs-2443973/v1
36747684
PMC9901001
HIV, Adherence, Polypharmacy, Women, Group-based trajectory modeling
Abubaker Ibrahim Elbur, Musie Ghebremichael, Deborah Konkle-Parker, Deborah L Jones, Shelby Collins, Adaora A Adimora, Michael F Schneider, Mardge H Cohen, Bani Tamraz, Michael Plankey, Tracey Wilson, Adebola Adedimeji, Jessica E Haberer, Denise L Jacobson (2023). Dual Trajectories of Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence and Polypharmacy in Women with HIV in the United States . Res Sq, (), . PMC9901001
Journal Article
Enhancing HIV-1 latency reversal through regulating the elongating RNA Pol II pause-release by a small-molecule disruptor of PAF1C
Sci Adv
2023
March 10
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36888719/
The polymerase-associated factor 1 complex (PAF1C) is a key, post-initiation transcriptional regulator of both promoter-proximal pausing and productive elongation catalyzed by RNA Pol II and is also involved in transcriptional repression of viral gene expression during human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) latency. Using a molecular docking-based compound screen in silico and global sequencing-based candidate evaluation in vivo, we identified a first-in-class, small-molecule inhibitor of PAF1C (iPAF1C) that disrupts PAF1 chromatin occupancy and induces global release of promoter-proximal paused RNA Pol II into gene bodies. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that iPAF1C treatment mimics acute PAF1 subunit depletion and impairs RNA Pol II pausing at heat shock-down-regulated genes. Furthermore, iPAF1C enhances the activity of diverse HIV-1 latency reversal agents both in cell line latency models and in primary cells from persons living with HIV-1. In sum, this study demonstrates that effi
10.1126/sciadv.adf2468
36888719
PMC9995073
Shimaa H A Soliman, William J Cisneros , Marta Iwanaszko, Yuki Aoi, Sheetal Ganesan, Miriam Walter, Jacob M Zeidner , Rama K Mishra , Eun-Young Kim , Steven M Wolinsky , Judd F Hultquist , Ali Shilatifard (2023). Enhancing HIV-1 latency reversal through regulating the elongating RNA Pol II pause-release by a small-molecule disruptor of PAF1C. Sci Adv, (), . PMC9995073
Journal Article
Cumulative exposure to viremia: Methods for the implementation of standardized variables in longitudinal HIV studies
Science Direct
2023
Mar 22
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2215016123001462
Measures of viremic exposure over time, including HIV viral copy-years or durable viremic suppression, may be more relevant measures of viral load exposure for comorbid outcomes and mortality than single time point viral load measures. However, there are many subjective decisions that go into creating a cumulative variable such as HIV viral copy-years, including the appropriate anchoring point to begin accumulating exposure, the handling of viral load levels below an assay's lower limit of detection (LLD), the handling of gaps in the viral load trajectory, and when to apply the log10 transformation (before or after the accumulation calculation). Different decisions produce different values for HIV viral copy-years, and such differences could impact inferences in subsequent analyses of relationships with outcomes. In this paper, we develop several HIV viral copy-years variables that are standardized across: • Anchoring point • Handling of viral loads measured below the LLD and missing
10.1016/j.mex.2023.102146
37025652
PMC10070818
HIV, Viral copy-years, Cumulative viremia, Standardization, Cohort studies
Benjamin W. Barrett, Katherine McGowan, Christian Landon, Jinbing Zhang, Sabina Haberlen, Alison G. Abraham (2023). Cumulative exposure to viremia: Methods for the implementation of standardized variables in longitudinal HIV studies. Science Direct, (), . PMC10070818
Journal Article
Gut microbiota, circulating inflammatory markers and metabolites, and carotid artery atherosclerosis in HIV infection
Springer
2023
May 27
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40168-023-01566-2
Background Alterations in gut microbiota have been implicated in HIV infection and cardiovascular disease. However, how gut microbial alterations relate to host inflammation and metabolite profiles, and their relationships with atherosclerosis, have not been well-studied, especially in the context of HIV infection. Here, we examined associations of gut microbial species and functional components measured by shotgun metagenomics with carotid artery plaque assessed by B-mode carotid artery ultrasound in 320 women with or at high risk of HIV (65% HIV +) from the Women’s Interagency HIV Study. We further integrated plaque-associated microbial features with serum proteomics (74 inflammatory markers measured by the proximity extension assay) and plasma metabolomics (378 metabolites measured by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry) in relation to carotid artery plaque in up to 433 women. Results Fusobacterium nucleatum, a potentially pathogenic bacteria, was positively associated w
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-023-01566-2
PMC10224225
Gut microbiota, Inflammatory markers, Metabolomics, Atherosclerosis, HIV infection
Zheng Wang, Brandilyn A. Peters, MacKenzie Bryant, David B. Hanna, Tara Schwartz, Tao Wang, Christopher C. Sollecito, Mykhaylo Usyk, Evan Grassi, Fanua Wiek, Lauren St. Peter, Wendy S. Post, Alan L. Landay, Howard N. Hodis, Kathleen M. Weber, Audrey French, Elizabeth T. Golub, Jason Lazar, Deborah Gustafson, Anjali Sharma, Kathryn Anastos, Clary B. Clish, Robert D. Burk, Robert C. Kaplan, Rob Knight & Qibin Qi (2023). Gut microbiota, circulating inflammatory markers and metabolites, and carotid artery atherosclerosis in HIV infection. Springer, (), . PMC10224225
Journal Article
Pivoting from in-person to phone survey assessment of alcohol and substance use: effects on representativeness in a United States prospective cohort of women living with and without HIV
The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse
2023
Nov 13
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00952990.2023.2267745
Background: Many clinical and population-based research studies pivoted from in-person assessments to phone-based surveys due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The impact of these transitions on survey response remains understudied, especially for people living with HIV. Given that there are gender-specific trends in alcohol and substance use, it is particularly important to capture these data for women. Objective: Identify factors associated with responding to an alcohol and substance use phone survey administered during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Women’s Interagency HIV Study, a multicenter US prospective cohort of women living with and without HIV. Methods: We used multivariable logistic regression to assess for associations of pre-pandemic (April–September 2019) sociodemographic factors, HIV status, housing status, depressive symptoms, alcohol use, and substance use with response to an early-pandemic (August–September 2020) phone survey. Results: Of 1,847 women who attended an in-pers
https://doi.org/10.1080/00952990.2023.2267745
37956200
PMC10939835
COVID-19 pandemic, HIV, women, alcohol consumption, substance use, survey methods
Hannah R. Tierney, Yifei Ma ,Peter Bacchetti, Adaora A. Adimora, Aruna Chandran, Mirjam-Colette Kempf, Lauren F. Collins, Jack DeHovitz, Ralph J. DiClemente, Audrey L. French, Deborah L. Jones, Anjali Sharma, Amanda B. Spence, Judith A. Hahn, Jennifer C. Price, Phyllis C. Tien (2023). Pivoting from in-person to phone survey assessment of alcohol and substance use: effects on representativeness in a United States prospective cohort of women living with and without HIV . The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse , (), . PMC10939835
Journal Article
A Bayesian decision framework for optimizing sequential combination antiretroviral therapy in people with HIV
The Annals of Applied Statistics
2023
Dec
https://projecteuclid.org/journals/annals-of-applied-statistics/volume-17/issue-4/A-Bayesian-decision-framework-for-optimizing-sequential-combination-antiretroviral-therapy/10.1214/23-AOAS1750.short?tab=ArticleLink
Numerous adverse effects (e.g., depression) have been reported for combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) despite its remarkable success in viral suppression in people with HIV (PWH). To improve long-term health outcomes for PWH, there is an urgent need to design personalized optimal cART with the lowest risk of comorbidity in the emerging field of precision medicine for HIV. Large-scale HIV studies offer researchers unprecedented opportunities to optimize personalized cART in a data-driven manner. However, the large number of possible drug combinations for cART makes the estimation of cART effects a high-dimensional combinatorial problem, imposing challenges in both statistical inference and decision-making. We develop a two-step Bayesian decision framework for optimizing sequential cART assignments. In the first step, we propose a dynamic model for individuals’ longitudinal observations using a multivariate Gaussian process. In the second step, we build a probabilistic generative
10.1214/23-AOAS1750
39238826
PMC11377020
Antiretroviral therapy , multivariate Gaussian process , offline reinforcement learning , Precision medicine , uncertainty-penalized policy optimization
Wei Jin, Yang Ni, Jane O’Halloran, Amanda B. Spence, Leah H. Rubin, Yanxun Xu (2023). A Bayesian decision framework for optimizing sequential combination antiretroviral therapy in people with HIV. The Annals of Applied Statistics, 17(4), 3035-3055. PMC11377020
Journal Article
Subclinical Atherosclerosis Across the Menopausal Transition in Women With and Without HIV
The Journal of Infectious Diseases
2023
Nov 8
https://academic.oup.com/jid/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/infdis/jiad488/7382249?redirectedFrom=fulltext
The menopausal transition is a pivotal time of cardiovascular risk, but knowledge is limited in HIV. We studied longitudinal carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (2004–2019; 979 women/3247 person-visits; 72% with HIV). Among women with HIV only, those who transitioned had greater age-related CIMT progression compared to those remaining premenopausal (difference in slope = 1.64 µm/year, P = .002); and CIMT increased over time in the pretransition (3.47 µm/year, P = .002) and during the menopausal transition (9.41 µm/year, P < .0001), but not posttransition (2.9 µm/year, P = .19). In women with HIV, menopause may accelerate subclinical atherosclerosis as measured by CIMT.
10.1093/infdis/jiad488
37947273
PMC10938198
HIV, menopause, cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis
Brandilyn A Peters, Adam Whalen, Xiaonan Xue, Elizabeth F Topper, Kathleen M Weber, Phyllis C Tien, Seble G Kassaye, Howard Minkoff, Ervin Fox, Margaret A Fischl, Lauren F Collins, Michelle Floris-Moore, Howard N Hodis, Qibin Qi, David B Hanna, Anjali Sharma, Kathryn Anastos, Robert C Kaplan (2023). Subclinical Atherosclerosis Across the Menopausal Transition in Women With and Without HIV. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, (), . PMC10938198
Journal Article
SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines induce greater complement activation and decreased viremia and Nef antibodies in men with HIV-1
The Journal of Infectious Diseases
2023
Nov 30
https://academic.oup.com/jid/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/infdis/jiad544/7456300?redirectedFrom=fulltext
Background Immune dysregulation in people with HIV-1 (PWH) persists despite potent antiretroviral therapy (ART) and, consequently, PWH tend to have lower immune responses to licensed vaccines. However, limited information is available about the impact of mRNA vaccines in PWH. This study details the immunologic responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in PWH and their impact on HIV-1. Methods We quantified anti-S IgG binding and neutralization of three SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and complement activation in blood from virally suppressed men with HIV-1 (MWH) and men without HIV-1 (MWOH), and the characteristics that may impact the vaccine immune responses. We also studied antibody levels against HIV-1 proteins and HIV-1 plasma RNA. Results MWH had lower anti-S IgG binding and neutralizing antibodies against the three variants compared to MWOH. MWH also produced anti-S1 antibodies with a ten-fold greater ability to activate complement and exhibited higher C3a blood levels than MWOH. MW
https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad544
38035792
PMC11011180
HIV-1, SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, Complement system, Antibodies, COVID-19
Dylan J Tuttle, Priscila M S Castanha, Amro Nasser, Maris S Wilkins, Tamara García Galarza, Mounia Alaoui-El-Azher, Deirdre E Cuff, Prabal Chhibbar, Jishnu Das, Yijia Li, Simon M Barratt-Boyes, Robbie B Mailliard, Nicolas Sluis-Cremer, Charles R Rinaldo, Ernesto T A Marques (2023). SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines induce greater complement activation and decreased viremia and Nef antibodies in men with HIV-1. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, (), . PMC11011180
Journal Article
Association of Gut Microbiota With Objective Sleep Measures in Women With and Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: The IDOze Study
The Journal of Infectious Diseases
2023
Aug 31
https://academic.oup.com/jid/advance-article/doi/10.1093/infdis/jiad371/7256804
Background Poor sleep health is an underrecognized health challenge, especially for people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Gut microbiota related to sleep are underinvestigated. Methods The IDOze microbiota substudy included 190 women (114 with HIV and 76 without HIV). Wrist actigraphy measured total sleep duration, sleep efficiency, number of wake bouts, wake after sleep onset, fragmentation index, and sleep timing. 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified gut microbial genera. Analysis of compositions of microbiomes with bias correction was used to investigate cross-sectional associations between gut microbiota and sleep. Abundances of sleep-related gut microbial genera were compared between women with and without HIV. Results Enrichment of 7 short-chain fatty acid–producing genera (eg, Butyricimonas, Roseburia, and Blautia) was associated with lower fragmentation index. Enrichment of 9 genera (eg, Dorea) was associated with lower sleep efficiency and/or more wake after sleep o
https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad371
37650624
PMC10640774
gut microbiota, HIV infection, sleep, women
Yanbo Zhang, Chin Lun Lin, Kathleen M Weber, Jiaqian Xing, Brandilyn A Peters, Christopher C Sollecito, Evan Grassi, Fanua Wiek, Xiaonan Xue, Eric C Seaberg, Deborah Gustafson, Kathryn Anastos, Anjali Sharma, Helen J Burgess, Robert D Burk, Qibin Qi, Audrey L French (2023). Association of Gut Microbiota With Objective Sleep Measures in Women With and Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: The IDOze Study. The Journal of Infectious Diseases , (), . PMC10640774
Journal Article
Cholesterol Metabolism in Antigen-Presenting Cells and HIV-1 Trans-Infection of CD4+ T Cells
Viruses
2023
Nov 29
https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/12/2347
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) provides an effective method for managing HIV-1 infection and preventing the onset of AIDS; however, it is ineffective against the reservoir of latent HIV-1 that persists predominantly in resting CD4+ T cells. Understanding the mechanisms that facilitate the persistence of the latent reservoir is key to developing an effective cure for HIV-1. Of particular importance in the establishment and maintenance of the latent viral reservoir is the intercellular transfer of HIV-1 from professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs—monocytes/macrophages, myeloid dendritic cells, and B lymphocytes) to CD4+ T cells, termed trans-infection. Whereas virus-to-cell HIV-1 cis infection is sensitive to ART, trans-infection is impervious to antiviral therapy. APCs from HIV-1-positive non-progressors (NPs) who control their HIV-1 infection in the absence of ART do not trans-infect CD4+ T cells. In this review, we focus on this unique property of NPs that we propose is driven by a
10.3390/v15122347
38140588
PMC10747884
HIV-1; antiretroviral therapy; trans-infection; cholesterol metabolism; antigen-presenting cells; immunometabolism; latent reservoir; non-progressor
Daniel Okpaise, Nicolas Sluis-Cremer, Giovanna Rappocciolo, Charles R. Rinaldo (2023). Cholesterol Metabolism in Antigen-Presenting Cells and HIV-1 Trans-Infection of CD4+ T Cells. Viruses, (), . PMC10747884
Journal Article
Grit is associated with psychological health among older sexual minority men
Aging & Mental Health
2022
Feb 09
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13607863.2022.2032594
Objectives: Studies have shown that grit—defined as perseverance and passion for achieving one’s long-term goals—is associated with improved health outcomes, including lower levels of psychological distress. However, the psychometric properties of the original Grit Scale (Grit-O Scale) has not been validated among sexual minority men (SMM). The present study aimed to validate the Grit-O Scale among a sample of older SMM and assess the relationships between the Grit-O Scale factors and symptoms of psychological distress. Method: We used data from a single visit of participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) Healthy Aging longitudinal study. The sample included 981 older SMM (mean age = 61, SD = 8.5) with and without HIV. We conducted confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to identify the two factors of the Grit-O Scale: consistency of interest and perseverance of effort. We also conducted a latent profile analysis (LPA) to identify distinct profiles of psychological distress f
10.1080/13607863.2022.2032594
35138200
PMC9360198
Consistency of interests; HIV; aging; gay men; mental health; perseverance.
Chukwuemeka N Okafor, Mark Brennan-Ing, Deanna Ware, Sabina Haberlen, James E Egan, Andre L Brown, Steven Meanley, Valentina Stosor, Steven Shoptaw, M Reuel Friedman, Michael Plankey (2022). Grit is associated with psychological health among older sexual minority men. Aging & Mental Health, (), . PMC9360198
Journal Article
Longitudinal associations of relationship support and strain and internalized homophobia with mental health among middle-aged and older gay and bisexual men
Aging Ment Health
2022
Nov 22
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36415908/
Objectives: Mental health concerns (e.g. depression, anxiety) that negatively impact gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) persist over the life course and into old age, but less is known about potential contributors to GBMSM's mental health. Close relationships can be a source of risk or resilience from stress, exerting direct relationships on mental health, and may mediate well-established associations between minority stress and mental health. This study examined whether primary partner relationship support and strain were uniquely associated with, and mediated the association between internalized homophobia, and mental health among older GBMSM.Methods: GBMSM (N = 517, M age = 60) from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, who were in primary relationships with men, provided self-report data at four timepoints. We used multilevel modeling to examine longitudinal associations among relationship support and strain and internalized homophobia with depression and anxie
10.1080/13607863.2022.2146656
36415908
PMC10200824
Gay and bisexual men; close relationships; depression; homophobia; stigma.
Nicholas Perry, Tamar Goldenberg, David Huebner, Andre L Brown, Deanna Ware, Steven Meanley, Sabina Haberlen, Mark Brennan-Ing, James E Egan, Linda Teplin, Ken Ho, Roger Detels, M Reuel Friedman, Michael Plankey (2022). Longitudinal associations of relationship support and strain and internalized homophobia with mental health among middle-aged and older gay and bisexual men. Aging Ment Health, (), . PMC10200824
Journal Article
Intersectional stigmas are associated with lower viral suppression Rates and ART adherence among Women living with HIV
AIDS
2022
July 26
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35876640/
Objectives: To explore the associations between intersectional poverty, HIV, gender, and racial stigma, adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART), and viral suppression among women living with HIV (WLHIV). Design: We examined intersectional stigmas, self-report ART adherence, and viral suppression using cross-sectional data. Methods: Participants were WLHIV (N = 459) in the Women's Adherence and Visit Engagement, a Women's Interagency HIV Study substudy. We used Multidimensional Latent Class Item Response Theory and Bayesian models to analyze intersectional stigmas and viral load adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical covariates. Results: We identified five intersectional stigma-based latent classes. The likelihood of viral suppression was approximately 90% lower among WLHIV who experienced higher levels of poverty, gender, and racial stigma or higher levels of all intersectional stigmas compared with WLHIV who reported lower experiences of intersectional stigmas. ART adherence
10.1097/QAD.0000000000003342
35876640
PMC9529955
Andrea Norcini Pala, Mirjam-Colette Kempf , Deborah Konkle-Parker, Tracey E Wilson, Phyllis C Tien, Gina Wingood, Torsten B Neilands, Mallory O Johnson, Sheri D Weiser, Carmen H Logie, Janet M Turan , Bulent Turan (2022). Intersectional stigmas are associated with lower viral suppression Rates and ART adherence among Women living with HIV . AIDS, (), . PMC9529955
Journal Article
The role of social support on cognitive function among midlife and older adult MSM
AIDS
2022
Dec 23
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36728912/
Objective: This study examines the association between social support and cognitive function among midlife and older MSM living with or without HIV. Design: We analyzed longitudinal data from participants enrolled from October 2016 to March 2019 in the Patterns of Healthy Aging Study, a substudy of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis to estimate the association between social support and three measures of cognitive function [Trail Making Test (TMT) Part A, TMT Part B to A ratio, and Symbol Digit Modalities Tasks (SDMT)]. We also used linear mixed-effects models to estimate the association between baseline social support and cognitive function across four subsequent time points. We evaluated a multiplicative interaction term between baseline social support and time, in order to determine whether cognitive trajectories over time vary by baseline social support. Results: Social support was associated with lower TMT Part A scores at baseli
10.1097/QAD.0000000000003464
36728912
PMC10157348
cognitive decline, HIV/AIDS, MSM, psychosocial health conditions, social support
Henderson ER, Haberlen SA, Coulter RWSC, Weinstein AM, Meanley S, Brennan-Ing M, Mimiaga MJ, Turan JM, Turan B, Teplin LA, Egan JEE, Plankey MW, Friedman MR. (2022). The role of social support on cognitive function among midlife and older adult MSM. AIDS, (), . PMC10157348
Journal Article
Mechanisms linking gender-based violence to worse HIV treatment and care outcomes among women in the United States
AIDS
2022
Aug 10
https://journals.lww.com/aidsonline/Abstract/9900/Mechanisms_linking_gender_based_violence_to_worse.80.aspx
Objective: To test whether substance use mediates the associations between gender-based violence (GBV) and suboptimal adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART), and GBV and poor engagement in care, among women living with HIV (WLHIV) in the United States (US). Design: We analyzed longitudinal data collected among 1717 WLHIV in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). Methods: From 2013 to 2017, WLHIV completed semi-annual assessments on GBV, substance use, and HIV treatment and care. Adjusted multilevel logistic regression models were built to estimate the impact of GBV on; suboptimal (<95%) adherence and at least one missed HIV care appointment without rescheduling in the past 6 months. Mediation analyses were performed to test whether heavy drinking and illicit drug use mediated the associations between GBV and the two HIV outcomes. Results: The mean age was 47 (standard deviation = 9), 5% reported experiencing GBV, 17% reported suboptimal adherence and 15% reported at least
10.1097/QAD.0000000000003329
35950940
PMC9529878
drug use, gender-based violence, heavy drinking and HIV treatment and care, HIV, women
Jennifer P Jain, Lila A Sheira, Edward A Frongillo, Torsten B Neilands, Mardge H Cohen, Tracey E Wilson, Aruna Chandran, Adaora A Adimora, Seble G Kassaye, Anandi N Sheth, Margaret A Fischl, Adebola A Adedimeji, Janet M Turan, Phyllis C Tien, Sheri D Weiser, Amy A Conroy (2022). Mechanisms linking gender-based violence to worse HIV treatment and care outcomes among women in the United States. AIDS, (), . PMC9529878
Journal Article
Trans women have worse cardiovascular biomarker profiles than cisgender men independent of hormone use and HIV serostatus
AIDS
2022
Aug 10
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35950945/
Background: Feminizing hormonal therapy (FHT) and HIV potentially alter cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in transgender women (TW). Methods: TW were enrolled in Los Angeles, CA and Houston, TX and frequency-matched to Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study cisgender men (CM) on age, race, substance use and abacavir use. Biomarkers of CVD risk and inflammation were assessed via ELISA. Wilcoxon rank sum and Fisher's exact tests compared TW and CM. Multivariable linear regression assessed factors associated with biomarker concentrations. Results: TW (HIV+ n = 75, HIV- n = 47) and CM (HIV+ n = 40, HIV- n = 40) had mean age 43-45 years; TW/CM were 90%/91% non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, or Multi-racial, 26%/53% obese, and 34%/24% current smokers; 67% of TW were on FHT. Among PLWH, TW had higher median extracellular newly-identified receptor for advanced glycation end-products (EN-RAGE), lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (LpPLA2), oxidized LDL (oxLDL), soluble TNF receptor type (sTNFR) I/II, i
10.1097/QAD.0000000000003346
35950945
PMC9529791
cardiovascular biomarkers, feminizing hormonal therapy, HIV, trans women
Jordan E Lake, Ruibin Wang, Benjamin W Barrett , Emily Bowman, Ana N Hyatt, Paula Debroy , Jury Candelario , Linda Teplin , Kaitlin Bodnar , Heather McKay , Michael Plankey , Todd T Brown, Nicholas Funderburg, Judith S Currier (2022). Trans women have worse cardiovascular biomarker profiles than cisgender men independent of hormone use and HIV serostatus. AIDS, (), . PMC9529791
Journal Article
Coronary artery plaque progression and cardiovascular risk scores in men with and without HIV-infection
AIDS
2022
Feb 1
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34608042/
Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the association of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk scores and coronary artery plaque (CAP) progression in HIV-infected participants. Methods: We studied men with and without HIV-infection enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) CVD study. CAP at baseline and follow-up was assessed with cardiac computed tomography angiography (CCTA). We examined the association between baseline risk scores including pooled cohort equation (PCE), Framingham risk score (FRS), and Data collect of Adverse effects of anti-HIV drugs equation (D:A:D) and CAP progression. Results: We studied 495 men (211 HIV-uninfected, 284 HIV-infected). The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of total plaque volume (TPV) and noncalcified plaque volume (NCPV) progression in the highest relative to lowest tertile was 9.4 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 2.4-12.1, P < 0.001)] and 7.7 (95% CI 3.1-19.1, P < 0.001) times greater, respectively, among HIV-uninfected men in the PC
10.1097/QAD.0000000000003093
34608042
PMC8702479
calcified plaque, cardiovascular disease risk, HIV, noncalcified plaque
Kashif Shaikh, Fiona Bhondoekhan, Sabina Haberlen, Rine Nakanishi, Sion K Roy, Venkata M Alla, Todd T Brown, Juhwan Lee, Kazuhiro Osawa, Shone Almeida, Sina Rahmani, Negin Nezarat, Nasim Sheidaee, Michael Kim, Eranthi Jayawardena, Nicolas Kim, Nicolai Hathiramani, Frank J Palella, Mallory Witt, Khadije Ahmad, Lawrence Kingsley, Wendy S Post, Matthew J Budof (2022). Coronary artery plaque progression and cardiovascular risk scores in men with and without HIV-infection. AIDS, 36(2), 215-244. PMC8702479
Journal Article
Patterns of objectively measured physical activity differ between men living with and without HIV
AIDS
2022
Sep 1
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35979829/
Objective: To use accelerometers to quantify differences in physical activity (PA) by HIV serostatus and HIV viral load (VL) in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Methods: MACS participants living with (PLWH, n = 631) and without (PWOH, n = 578) HIV wore an ambulatory electrocardiogram monitor containing an accelerometer for 1-14 days. PA was summarized as cumulative mean absolute deviation (MAD) during the 10 most active consecutive hours (M10), cumulative MAD during the six least active consecutive hours (L6), and daily time recumbent (DTR). PA summaries were compared by HIV serostatus and by detectability of VL (>20 vs. ≤20 copies/ml) using linear mixed models adjusted for sociodemographics, weight, height, substance use, physical function, and clinical factors. Results: In sociodemographic-adjusted models, PLWH with a detectable VL had higher L6 (β = 0.58 mg, P = 0.027) and spent more time recumbent (β = 53 min/day, P = 0.003) than PWOH. PLWH had lower M10 than PWOH (undet
10.1097/QAD.0000000000003274
35979829
PMC9395149
accelerometer, actigraphy, aging, circadian rhythm, HIV, physical activity, physical function, sedentary behavior
Lacey H Etzkorn, Fangyu Liu, Jacek K Urbanek, Amir S Heravi, Jared W Magnani, Michael W Plankey, Joseph B Margolich, Mallory D Witt, Frank J Palella Jr, Sabina A Haberlen, Katherine C Wu, Wendy S Post, Jennifer A Schrack, Ciprian M Crainiceanu (2022). Patterns of objectively measured physical activity differ between men living with and without HIV . AIDS, (), . PMC9395149
Journal Article
Hypertension and one-year risk of all-cause mortality among women with treated HIV in the United States
AIDS
2022
Dec 23
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36728933/
Objective: Hypertension is a critical cause of cardiovascular disease, and women with HIV have a higher prevalence of hypertension than women without HIV. The relationship between hypertension and mortality has not been well characterized in women with treated HIV. Here, we estimate the effect of hypertension on 1-year risk of all-cause mortality among women with HIV on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the United States.
10.1097/QAD.0000000000003461
36728933
PMC9974900
antiretroviral therapy, chronic comorbidities, cohort study, epidemiology, HIV, hypertension, mortality
Leah M Sadinski, Daniel Westreich, Andrew Edmonds Tiffany L Breger, Stephen R Cole, Catalina Ramirez, Todd T Brown, Igho Ofotokun, Deborah Konkle-Parker, Seble Kassaye, Deborah L Jones, Gypsyamber D'Souza, Mardge H Cohen, Phyllis C Tien,Tonya N Taylor, Kathryn Anastos, Adaora A Adimora (2022). Hypertension and one-year risk of all-cause mortality among women with treated HIV in the United States. AIDS, (), . PMC9974900
Journal Article
Diabetes mellitus is associated with declines in physical function among men with and without HIV
AIDS
2022
April 1
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34999609/#:~:text=and%20without%20HIV-,Diabetes%20mellitus%20is%20associated%20with%20declines%20in%20physical%20function%20among,doi%3A%2010.1097%2FQAD.
Objective: To determine the longitudinal relationships between abnormal glucose metabolism and physical function in persons with HIV (PWH) and without HIV.
10.1097/QAD.0000000000003160
34999609
PMC8957604
diabetes mellitus, gait speed, glycemic status, grip strength, HIV-1, physical function
Mary C Masters, Jingyan Yang, Jordan E Lake, Alison G Abraham, Lawrence Kingsley , Todd T Brown , Frank J Palella , Kristine M Erlandson (2022). Diabetes mellitus is associated with declines in physical function among men with and without HIV. AIDS, (), . PMC8957604
Journal Article
Hormone therapy and fractures in postmenopausal women
AIDS
2022
June 22
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35730385/
Background: Fracture rates have been reported to be higher among older women living with HIV (WLWH) than HIV- women. Hormone therapy with estrogen can reduce vasomotor symptoms (VMS) associated with menopause and prevent fractures. As data are limited on the benefits of hormone therapy use in WLWH, we examined associations of hormone therapy, use and fractures. Methods: A prospective study of 1765 (1350 WLWH and 415 HIV-) postmenopausal Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) participants was performed, including self-reported hormone therapy, use and fracture data from 2003 to 2017. Proportional hazard models determined predictors of new fractures at any site or at typical fragility fracture sites (hip, spine, wrist). Results: At the first postmenopausal visit, the median (IQR) age of WLWH was slightly younger than HIV- women [49.8 (46.4-53) vs. 50.7 (47.5-54), P = 0.0002] and a smaller proportion of WLWH reported presence of VMS (17 vs. 26%, P < 0.0001). A greater proportion of WLWH t
10.1097/QAD.0000000000003292
35730385
PMC9444941
fractures, HIV, menopause, vasomotor symptoms, women
Michael T Yin, Donald R Hoover, Qiuhu Shi, Phyllis C Tien , Mardge H Cohen, Seble Kassaye , Deborah Gustafson, Adaora Adimora , M Neale Weitzmann , Hector Bolivar , Amy Warriner, Sara H Bares, Anjali Sharma (2022). Hormone therapy and fractures in postmenopausal women . AIDS, (), . PMC9444941
Journal Article
Clonal hematopoiesis in men living with HIV and association with subclinical atherosclerosis
AIDS
2022
Sept 1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9891994/#:~:text=People%20with%20HIV%20(PWH)%20are,associated%20with%20increased%20CVD%20risk.
Objectives: People with HIV (PWH) are at increased risk for premature cardiovascular disease (CVD). Clonal hematopoiesis is a common age-related condition that may be associated with increased CVD risk. The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of clonal hematopoiesis and its association with chronic inflammation and CVD in PWH. Design: Cross-sectional study utilizing archived specimens and data from 118 men (86 PWH and 32 HIV-uninfected) from the Baltimore-Washington DC center of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) who had had coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) and measurement of 34 serologic inflammatory biomarkers. Methods: Clonal hematopoiesis was assessed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells utilizing targeted error-corrected next generation sequencing (NGS) focused on 92 genes frequently mutated in hematologic malignancies. Clinical and laboratory data were obtained from the MACS database. Results: Clonal hematopoiesis with a variant allele frequ
10.1097/QAD.0000000000003280
35730391
PMC9891994
clonal hematopoiesis, cross-sectional study, HIV, inflammation, subclinical atherosclerosis
Shiyu Wang, Sergiu Pasca, Wendy S. Post, Susan Langan, Aparna Pallavajjala, Lisa Haley, Christopher D. Gocke, Matthew Budoff, Sabina Haberlen, Todd T. Brown, Richard F. Ambinder, Joseph B. Margolick, and Lukasz P. Gondek (2022). Clonal hematopoiesis in men living with HIV and association with subclinical atherosclerosis. AIDS, (), . PMC9891994
Journal Article
Elevated CD4 + T-cell glucose metabolism in HIV+ women with diabetes mellitus
AIDS
2022
Aug 1
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35727147/
Objective: Immune dysfunction and chronic inflammation are characteristic of HIV infection and diabetes mellitus, with CD4 + T-cell metabolism implicated in the pathogenesis of each disease. However, there is limited information on CD4 + T-cell metabolism in HIV+ persons with diabetes mellitus. We examined CD4 + T-cell glucose metabolism in HIV+ women with and without diabetes mellitus. Design: A case-control study was used to compare CD4 + T-cell glucose metabolism in women with HIV with or without diabetes mellitus. Methods: Nondiabetic (HIV+DM-, N = 20) or type 2 diabetic HIV+ women with (HIV+DM+, N = 16) or without (HIV+DMTx+, N = 18) antidiabetic treatment were identified from the WIHS and matched for age, race/ethnicity, smoking status and CD4 + cell count. CD4 + T-cell immunometabolism was examined by flow cytometry, microfluidic qRT-PCR of metabolic genes, and Seahorse extracellular flux analysis of stimulated CD4 + T cells. Results: HIV+DM+ displayed a significantly elevate
10.1097/QAD.0000000000003272
35727147
PMC9329261
CD4+ T cells, diabetes mellitus, HIV, immunometabolism
Tiffany R Butterfield, David B Hanna, Robert C Kaplan, Xiaonan Xue, Jorge R Kizer, Helen G Durkin, Seble G Kassaye, Marek Nowicki, Phyllis C Tien, Elizabeth T Topper, Michelle A Floris-Moor, Kehmia Titanji, Margaret A Fischl, Sonya Heath, Clovis S Palmer, Alan L Landay, Joshua J Anzinger (2022). Elevated CD4 + T-cell glucose metabolism in HIV+ women with diabetes mellitus. AIDS, (), . PMC9329261
Journal Article
Legacy effect on neuropsychological function in HIV-infected men on combination antiretroviral therapy
AIDS
2022
Jan 1
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34524146/
Objective: To determine whether combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) initiation alters the trajectory of cognitive performance in HIV+ men, and whether cognition prior to cART predicts postcART function. Design: Longitudinal cohort study. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Methods: From an initial set of 3701 men with complete neuropsychological data, men with HIV infection were initially matched with men without infection on cognitive status, race, age, and timeline (T0 defined as cART initiation). Propensity score matching was then used to match pairs on depressive symptoms at T0, education, T0 cognitive scores, and recruitment cohort. There were 506 matched pairs of infected and uninfected men in the final analysis. Mixed effect models were constructed to analyze the trajectories of cognitive functions and to test the effect of cART and HIV on cognitive functions over time. Results: Performance in each cognitive domain did not change following the initiation of cART among HIV-in
10.1097/QAD.0000000000003071
34524146
PMC8665003
combination antiretroviral therapy, cognition, HIV, legacy effect, Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
Yang Qu, Andrea Weinstein, Zheng Wang, Yu Cheng, Lawrence Kingsley, Andrew Levine, Eileen Martin, Cynthia Munro, Ann B Ragin, Leah H Rubin, Ned W Sacktor, Eric C Seaberg, James T Becker (2022). Legacy effect on neuropsychological function in HIV-infected men on combination antiretroviral therapy. AIDS, (), . PMC8665003
Journal Article
Resilience and Optimism as Moderators of the Negative Effects of Stigma on Women Living with HIV
AIDS Patient Care STDS
2022
Dec 3
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36484762/
Resilience and optimism may not only have main effects on health outcomes, but may also moderate and buffer negative effects of stressors. We examined whether dispositional resilience and optimism moderate the associations between HIV-related stigma in health care settings and health-related outcomes (trust in HIV health care providers and depression symptoms) among women living with HIV (WLHIV). One thousand four hundred five WLHIV in nine US cities completed validated questionnaires for cross-sectional analyses. Higher self-reported experienced and anticipated stigma and lower resilience and optimism were associated with higher depression symptoms and with lower trust in HIV providers. Importantly, resilience moderated the effects of experienced stigma (but not of anticipated stigma): When resilience was high, the association of experienced stigma with higher depression symptoms and lower trust in HIV providers was weaker compared with when resilience was low. Further, significant mo
10.1089/apc.2022.0185
36484762
PMC9805859
HIV; depression; moderation; optimism; provider; resilience; stigma; trust.
Bulent Turan, Henna Budhwani, Ibrahim Yigit, Igho Ofotokun, Deborah J Konkle-Parker, Mardge H Cohen, Gina M Wingood, Lisa R Metsch, Adaora A Adimora, Tonya N Taylor, Tracey E Wilson, Sheri D Weiser, Mirjam-Colette Kempf, Janet Brown-Friday, Stephen Gange, Seble Kassaye, Brian W Pence, Janet M Turan (2022). Resilience and Optimism as Moderators of the Negative Effects of Stigma on Women Living with HIV. AIDS Patient Care STDS, (), . PMC9805859
Journal Article
Internalized HIV-Related Stigma and Neurocognitive Functioning Among Women Living with HIV
AIDS Patient Care STDS
2022
Sept 12
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36099481/
The prevalence of HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment persists despite highly effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). In this study we explore the role of internalized stigma, acceptance of negative societal characterizations, and perceptions about people living with HIV (PLWH) on neurocognitive functioning (executive function, learning, memory, attention/working memory, psychomotor speed, fluency, motor skills) in a national cohort of women living with HIV (WLWH) in the United States. We utilized observational data from a multicenter study of WLWH who are mostly African American living in low-resource settings. Neurocognitive function was measured using an eight-test battery. A multiple linear regression model was constructed to investigate the relationship between internalized stigma and overall neurocognitive functioning (mean of all neurocognitive domain standardized T-scores), adjusting for age, education, race, previous neuropsychological battery scores, illicit drug use, vi
10.1089/apc.2022.0041
36099481
PMC9810353
HIV; aging; cognitive decline; neurocognitive function; stigma; women.
Emma C Thompson, Josh N Muhammad, Adoara A Adimora, Aruna Chandran, Mardge H Cohen, Kaylee B Crockett, Lakshmi Goparaju, Emmett Henderson, Mirjam-Colette Kempf, Deborah Konkle-Parker, Jennafer Kwait, Matthew Mimiaga, Igho Ofotokun, Leah Rubin, Anjala Sharma, Linda A Teplin, David E Vance, Sheri D Weiser, Deborah J Weiss, Tracey E Wilson, Janet M Turan, Bulent Turan (2022). Internalized HIV-Related Stigma and Neurocognitive Functioning Among Women Living with HIV. AIDS Patient Care STDS, (), . PMC9810353
Journal Article
Self-Reported Combination HIV Prevention Strategies Enacted by a Prospective Cohort of Midlife and Older Men Who Have Sex with Men in the United States: A Latent Class Analysis
AIDS Patient Care STDS
2022
Nov 17
https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/apc.2022.0167
Insights into combination HIV prevention (CHP) strategies to reduce HIV incidence among midlife and older adult men who have sex with men (MSM) are limited. The current study is a secondary data analysis evaluating CHP in a sample of sexually active midlife and older adult MSM (N = 566) from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Healthy Aging Substudy. Stratified by HIV serostatus, we used latent class analyses to identify CHP classes based on self-reported sociobehavioral and biobehavioral prevention strategies that participants and their male partners used in the prior 6 months. We identified three CHP classes among men living without HIV (MLWOH), including the following: high CHP overall (43.0%), high anal sex abstention (15.0%), and low prevention overall (42.0%). Among men living with HIV (MLWH), we identified four CHP classes, including the following: high CHP overall (20.9%), high CHP/low condom use (27.1%), high condom reliance (22.3%), and low prevention overall (29.7%). There wer
doi.org/10.1089/apc.2022.0167
36394465
PMC9839341
HIV; aging; pre-exposure prophylaxis; sexual health
Steven Meanley, James E. Egan, Deanna Ware, Mark Brennan-Ing, Sabina A. Haberlen, Roger Detels, Frank Palella, Mackey R. Friedman, and Michael W. PlankeySteven Meanley, James E. Egan, Deanna Ware, Mark Brennan-Ing, Sabina A. Haberlen, Roger Detels, Frank Palella, Mackey R. Friedman, and Michael W. Plankey (2022). Self-Reported Combination HIV Prevention Strategies Enacted by a Prospective Cohort of Midlife and Older Men Who Have Sex with Men in the United States: A Latent Class Analysis. AIDS Patient Care STDS , (), . PMC9839341
Journal Article
Class-based antiretroviral exposure and cognition among women living with HIV (WLWH)
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2022
Mar 2
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35109713/
Neurologic complications of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are common in treated individuals, and toxicity of certain antiretroviral therapies (ART) may contribute to cognitive impairment. We investigated exposures to specific ART and cognition among women living with HIV (WLWH). Virologically suppressed (viral load <200 copies/mL during at least two semi-annual visits) WLWH and age/race matched HIV-seronegative controls enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study who completed at least two biennial cognitive assessments were included. Analysis of WLWH was restricted to those with exposure to the drug class of interest and a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) backbone. Generalized estimating equations were used to evaluate repeated measures of cognition over time in association with ART class exposure. Among 1,242 eligible WLWH, 20% (n = 247) had isolated drug exposure to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI), 18% (n = 219) to protease inhibit
10.1089/AID.2021.0097
35109713
PMC9297324
cognitive impairment, antiretroviral therapy, antiretroviral toxicity, HIV and aging
Amanda Blair Spence, Chenglong Liu, Leah Rubin, Bradley Aouizerat, David Eugene Vance, Hector Bolivar, Cecile Delille Lahiri, Adaora A Adimora, Kathleen Weber, Deborah Gustafson, Oluwakemi Sosanya, Raymond Scott Turner, Seble Kassaye (2022). Class-based antiretroviral exposure and cognition among women living with HIV (WLWH). AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, (), . PMC9297324
Journal Article
Dyspnea and Pulmonary Function Among Participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Using Protease Inhibitors: A Cross-Sectional Study
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2022
Feb 4
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34969258/
Objective: People living with HIV (PLWH) have a higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms than people without HIV. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been associated with worsened airflow limitation. This study assessed respiratory health impairment among PLWH and its association with protease inhibitor (PI) use. Design: Cross-sectional study of Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) study visits from 04/01/2017 to 03/31/2018. Methods: Participants completed the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea scale, spirometry, and diffusion capacity measurement. Visit data were compared among PI users, non-PI users, and men without HIV. Binary and ordinal logistic models were used to determine the associations between HIV status, PI use, and covariates with primary outcomes of dichotomized SGRQ and mMRC dyspnea scores. Results: 57/177 (32.2%) of PI users self-reported pulmonary disease compared with 132/501 (26.4%) of non-PI users and 105
10.1089/AID.2021.0082
34969258
PMC8861940
HIV, HIV protease inhibitors, lung, respiratory function tests, lung diseases
Charles Terry, C Christina Mehta, JaNae Holloway, Anandi N Sheth, Igho Ofotokun, Alison Abraham, Ken M Kunisaki, Mallory Witt, Meredith C McCormack, Alison Morris, M Bradley Drummond, Robert Jensen, Valentina Stosor, Bernard Jonas C Macatangay, Sushma K Cribbs (2022). Dyspnea and Pulmonary Function Among Participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Using Protease Inhibitors: A Cross-Sectional Study. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, (), . PMC8861940
Journal Article
Exploring the Anal Microbiome in HIV positive and high risk HIV negative Women
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2022
Mar 8
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35044233/
This exploratory study sought to characterize the anal microbiome and explore associations among the anal microbiome, risk factors for anal cancer, and clinical factors. A pilot sample of 50 HIV infected and high-risk HIV negative women were recruited from the former Women's Interagency HIV Study. Microbiome characterization by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and datasets were analyzed using QIIME 2™. Composition of the anal microbiome and its associations with anal cancer risk factors and clinical factors were analyzed using linear decomposition model and permutational multivariate analysis of variance. Composition of the anal microbiome among HIV positive and high-risk negative women was dominated by Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Campylobacter. The overall taxonomic composition and microbial diversity of the anal microbiome did not significantly differ by HIV status. However, the abundance of Ruminococcus 1 belonging to the Rumincoccaceae family was associated with HIV status (q = .05). No a
10.1089/AID.2020.0245
35044233
PMC8968844
HCV; HIV; HPV; anal cancer; microbiome.
Jessica Wells, Jinbing Bai, Despina Tsementzi, Camber Ileen Jhaney, Antonina Foster, Deborah Watkins Bruner, Theresa Gillespie, Yunxiao Li, Yi-Juan Hu (2022). Exploring the Anal Microbiome in HIV positive and high risk HIV negative Women. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, (), . PMC8968844
Journal Article
Degree of polypharmacy and cognitive function in older women with HIV
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2022
Apr 26
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35357949/
The number of people with HIV (PWH) experiencing age-associated comorbidities including those treated with medications and cognitive impairment is increasing. We examined associations between polypharmacy and cognition in older women with HIV (WWH) given their vulnerability to this comorbidity. Cross-sectional analysis capitalizing on Women's Interagency HIV Study data collected between 2014 and 2017. WWH meeting the following criteria were analyzed: age ≥50 years; availability of self-reported non-antiretroviral therapy (ART) medications data; and neuropsychological data. The number of non-ART medications used regularly in the prior 6 months was summed. Polypharmacy was categorized as none/low (0-4), moderate (5-9), or severe (≥10). Multivariable linear regression analyses examined polypharmacy-cognition (T-score) associations in the total sample and among virally suppressed (VS; < 20 copies/mL)-WWH after covariate adjustment for enrollment site, income, depressive symptoms, substance
10.1089/AID.2021.0231
35357949
PMC929732
HIV; cognition; polypharmacy; women.
Leah Rubin, Ava Neijna, Qiuhu Shi, Donald R Hoover, Bani Tamraz, Kathryn Anastos, Andrew Edmonds, Margaret A FIschl, Deborah Gustafson, Pauline Maki, Daniel Merenstein, Anandi N Sheth, Gayle Springer, David Eugene Vance, Kathleen Weber, Anjali Sharma (2022). Degree of polypharmacy and cognitive function in older women with HIV. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, (), . PMC929732
Journal Article
Biopsychosocial Health Outcomes and Experienced Intersectional Stigma in a Mixed HIV Serostatus Longitudinal Cohort of Aging Sexual Minority Men, United States, 2008–2019
AJPH Research & Analysis
2022
June 28
https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/pdf/10.2105/AJPH.2022.306735
Objectives. To determine whether intersectional stigma is longitudinally associated with biopsychosocial outcomes. Methods. We measured experienced intersectional stigma (EIS; $ 2 identity-related attributions) among sexual minority men (SMM) in the United States participating in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. We assessed longitudinal associations between EIS (2008–2009) and concurrent and future hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, antiretroviral therapy adherence, HIV viremia, health care underutilization, and depression symptoms (2008–2019). We conducted causal mediation to assess the contribution of intersectional stigma to the relationship between self-identified Black race and persistently uncontrolled outcomes. Results. The mean age (n 5 1806) was 51.8 years (range 5 22–84 years). Of participants, 23.1% selfidentified as Black; 48.3% were living with HIV. Participants reporting EIS (30.8%) had higher odds of hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, depression symptoms, health
10.2105/AJPH.2022.306735
35763737
PMC9241468
M. Reuel Friedman, Qimin Liu, Steven Meanley, Sabina A. Haberlen, Andre L. Brown, Bulent Turan, Janet M. Turan, Mark Brennan-Ing, Valentina Stosor, Matthew J. Mimiaga, Deanna Ware, James E. Egan, and Michael W. Plankey (2022). Biopsychosocial Health Outcomes and Experienced Intersectional Stigma in a Mixed HIV Serostatus Longitudinal Cohort of Aging Sexual Minority Men, United States, 2008–2019. AJPH Research & Analysis, (), . PMC9241468
Journal Article
A new monocyte epigenetic clock reveals nonlinear effects of alcohol consumption on biological aging in three independent cohorts (N = 2242)
Alcohol Clin Exp Res
2022
Mar 17
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35257385/
Methods: Men with or at risk for HIV from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) had semi-annual assessments of glycemic status, grip strength, and gait speed. We used linear mixed models with random intercept to assess associations between glycemic status and physical function. Glycemic status was categorized as normal, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), controlled diabetes mellitus [hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) <7.5%], or uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (HbA1C ≥ 7.5%).
10.1111/acer.14803
35257385
PMC9117474
alcohol consumption; epigenetic age acceleration; monocyte epigenetic clock
Xiaoyu Liang, Rajita Sinha, Amy C Justice, Mardge H Cohen, Bradley E Aouizerat, Ke Xu (2022). A new monocyte epigenetic clock reveals nonlinear effects of alcohol consumption on biological aging in three independent cohorts (N = 2242). Alcohol Clin Exp Res, (), . PMC9117474
Journal Article
BAGEL: A Bayesian Graphical Model for Inferring Drug Effect on Depression Longitudinally in People with HIV
Annals of Applied Statistics
2022
Mar 28
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9236217/
Access and adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) has transformed the face of HIV infection from a fatal to a chronic disease. However, ART is also known for its side effects. Studies have reported that ART is associated with depressive symptomatology. Large-scale HIV clinical databases with individuals’ longitudinal depression records, ART medications, and clinical characteristics offer researchers unprecedented opportunities to study the effects of ART drugs on depression over time. We develop BAGEL, a Bayesian graphical model to investigate longitudinal effects of ART drugs on a range of depressive symptoms while adjusting for participants’ demographic, behavior, and clinical characteristics, and taking into account the heterogeneous population through a Bayesian nonparametric prior. We evaluate BAGEL through simulation studies. Application to a dataset from the Women’s Interagency HIV Study yields interpretable and clinically useful results. BAGEL not only can improve our unders
10.1214/21-AOAS1492
35765300
PMC9236217
Bayesian nonparametrics, Depression, Graphical model, Longitudinal cohort study, Precision medicine
Yuliang Li,Yang Ni, Leah H. Rubin, Amanda B. Spence, Yanxun Xu (2022). BAGEL: A Bayesian Graphical Model for Inferring Drug Effect on Depression Longitudinally in People with HIV . Annals of Applied Statistics , (), . PMC9236217
Journal Article
Pulmonary Function, Frailty, and Physical Limitations in Men in the MACS Cohort
Annals of Epidemiology
2022
Oct 14
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36244514/
Purpose: We examined the associations between pulmonary impairments and physical function and whether age, HIV serostatus, or smoking modified these relationships. Methods: Using Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study data, we examined associations between pulmonary function (diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide [DLCO], one-second forced expiratory volume [FEV1]) and subsequent physical outcomes (gait speed, grip strength, frailty [non-frail, pre-frail, frail]) using mixed models. Results: Of 1,048 men, 55% were living with HIV, median age was 57(IQR=48,64) and median cumulative pack-years was 1.2(IQR = 0,18.1); 33% and 13% had impaired DLCO and FEV1(<80% predicted), respectively. Participants with impaired DLCO had 3.5 kg (95%CI: -4.6, -2.4) weaker grip strength, 0.04 m/sec (95%CI: -0.06, -0.02) slower gait speed and 4.44-fold (95%CI: 1.81, 10.93) greater odds of frailty compared to participants with normal DLCO. Participants with impaired FEV1 had 3.1 kg (95%CI: -4.8, -1.4) weaker grip st
10.1016/j.annepidem.2022.10.005
36244514
PMC9881119
Aging; Frailty; HIV; Physical function; Pulmonary function.
Abdo, M., Kunisaki, K. M., Morris, A., Stosor, V., Chang, D., D'Souza, G., ... & Erlandson, K. M. (2022). Pulmonary and physical function limitations in aging men with and without HIV from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Annals of epidemiology, 76, 50-60. PMID:36244514 (2022). Pulmonary Function, Frailty, and Physical Limitations in Men in the MACS Cohort. Annals of Epidemiology, (), . PMC9881119
Journal Article
Pulmonary Function Trajectories in People with HIV: Analysis of the Pittsburgh HIV Lung Cohort
Annals of the American Thoracic Society
2022
August 08
https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1513/AnnalsATS.202204-332OC
Rationale: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with chronic lung disease and impaired pulmonary function; however, longitudinal pulmonary function phenotypes in HIV are undefined. Objectives: To identify pulmonary function trajectories, their determinants, and outcomes. Methods: We used data from participants with HIV in the Pittsburgh HIV Lung Cohort with three or more pulmonary function tests between 2007–2020. We analyzed post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV1/FVC, and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) using group-based trajectory modelling to identify subgroups of individuals whose measurements followed a similar pattern over time. We examined the association between participant characteristics and trajectories using multivariable logistic regression. In exploratory adjusted analyses restricted to individuals with available plasma cytokine data, we investigated the association between
doi.org/10.1513/AnnalsATS.202204-332OC
35939796
PMC9743474
human immunodeficiency virus; pulmonary function; group-based trajectory modeling
Ioannis Konstantinidis , Shulin Qin , Meghan Fitzpatrick , Cathy Kessinger , Heather Gentry , Deborah McMahon , Renee Weinman , Phyllis Tien , Laurence Huang , Meredith McCormack , Igor Barjaktarevic , Divya Reddy , Robert Foronjy , Deepa Lazarous , Mardge H. Cohen , Heather McKay , Adaora A Adimora , Caitlin Moran , Margaret A Fischl , Jodie Dionne-Odom , Valentina Stosor , M. Bradley Drummond , Sushma K. Cribbs , Ken Kunisaki ; Charles Rinaldo , Alison Morris , and S. Mehdi Nouraie (2022). Pulmonary Function Trajectories in People with HIV: Analysis of the Pittsburgh HIV Lung Cohort. Annals of the American Thoracic Society, (), . PMC9743474
Journal Article
The transformation of HIV therapy: One pill once a day
Antivir Ther
2022
April
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35492017/
Results: Of 2240 men, 52% were PWH. Diabetes mellitus was similar among PWH (7.7%) vs. persons without HIV (6.7%, P = 0.36) at baseline. PWH had slower gait speed (1.17 vs. 1.20 m/s, P < 0.01) but similar grip strength (40.1 vs. 39.8 kg, P = 0.76) compared with persons without HIV at baseline. In multivariate models, gait speed decline was greater with controlled diabetes mellitus [-0.018 m/s (-0.032 to -0.005), P = 0.01] and grip strength decline was greater with controlled [-0.560 kg (-1.096 to -0.024), P = 0.04] and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus [-0.937 kg (-1.684 to -0.190), P = 0.01), regardless of HIV serostatus compared with normoglycemic individuals.
10.1177/13596535211062396
35492017
HIV; antiretroviral therapy; co-formulated; single-tablet regimen.
Madhu C Choudhary, John W Mellors (2022). The transformation of HIV therapy: One pill once a day. Antivir Ther, (), .
Journal Article
Suboptimal HIV suppression is associated with progression of coronary artery stenosis: The multicenter AIDS cohort study (MACS) longitudinal coronary CT angiography study
Atherosclerosis
2022
April 25
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021915022001988
Background and aims People living with HIV (HIV+) are surviving longer due to effective antiretroviral therapy. Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of non-AIDS related clinical events. We determined HIV-related factors associated with coronary artery stenosis progression. Methods We performed serial coronary CT angiography among HIV+ and HIV-uninfected (HIV-) men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. The median inter-scan interval was 4.5 years. Stenosis was graded as 0, 1–29, 30-49, 50–69 or ≥70%. Progression was defined as an increase ≥2 categories. Suppressed HIV infection was consistent viral loads <50 copies/mL allowing 1 “blip” <500 copies/mL, otherwise considered viremic. Multivariable Poisson regression analysis assessed adjusted associations between HIV serostatus and viremia with coronary stenosis progression. Results The sample included 310 HIV+ (31% viremic) and 234 HIV- men. The median age was 53 years, 30% Black and 23% current smokers. Viremic men were 2.3 times
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.04.019
35577614
PMC9950757
Atherosclerosis; Coronary CT angiography; Coronary artery disease; Epidemiology; HIV
Wendy S.Post, Sabina Haberlen, Mallory D. Witt Long, Zhang Lisa, P. Jacobson, Todd T. Brown, Joseph B.- Margo, licke Lawrence, Kingsley Frank, J. Palella Jr., Matthew Budoff (2022). Suboptimal HIV suppression is associated with progression of coronary artery stenosis: The multicenter AIDS cohort study (MACS) longitudinal coronary CT angiography study. Atherosclerosis, (), . PMC9950757
Journal Article
Follicular CD8+ T Cells Are Elevated in HIV Infection and Induce PD-L1 on B Cells
Bio Cell
2022
Nov 23
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36445393/
Design: We analyzed longitudinal data from participants enrolled from October 2016 to March 2019 in the Patterns of Healthy Aging Study, a substudy of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study.
10.4049/jimmunol.2200194
36445393
PMC9840893
Laura E. Martınez, Javier Ibarrondo, Yu Guo, Manuel L. Penichet, and Marta Epeldegui (2022). Follicular CD8+ T Cells Are Elevated in HIV Infection and Induce PD-L1 on B Cells. Bio Cell, (), . PMC9840893
Journal Article
Comparative outcomes for mature T-cell and NK/T-cell lymphomas in people with and without HIV and to AIDS-defining lymphomas
Blood Adv
2022
March 08
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35026839/
There are no studies comparing the prognosis for mature T-cell lymphoma (TCL) in people with HIV (PWH) to people without HIV (PWoH) and to AIDS-defining B-cell lymphomas (A-BCLs) in the modern antiretroviral therapy era. North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design and Comprehensive Oncology Measures for Peripheral T-cell Lymphoma Treatment are cohorts that enroll patients diagnosed with HIV and TCL, respectively. In our study, 52, 64, 101, 500, and 246 PWH with histologic confirmation of TCL, primary central nervous system lymphoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL), respectively, and 450 TCLs without HIV were eligible for analysis. At the time of TCL diagnosis, anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) was the most common TCL subtype within PWH. Although PWH with TCL diagnosed between 1996 and 2009 experienced a low 5-year survival probability at 0.23 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.13, 0.41), we observed a marked i
10.1182/bloodadvances.2021006208
35026839
PMC8905704
Min Jung Koh, Mwanasha H Merrill, Min Ji Kob, Robert Stuver, Carolyn D Alonso , Francine M Foss, Angel M Mayor, John Gill , Marta Epeldegui , Edward Cachay, Jennifer E Thorne , Michael J Silverberg, Michael A Horberg, Keri N Althoff, Ank E Nijhawan , Kathleen A McGinnis, Jennifer S Lee , Charles S Rabkin, Sonia Napravnik , Jun Li , Jessica L Castilho , Changyu Shen , Salvia Jain (2022). Comparative outcomes for mature T-cell and NK/T-cell lymphomas in people with and without HIV and to AIDS-defining lymphomas. Blood Adv, (), . PMC8905704
Journal Article
Circulating biomarker correlates of left atrial size and myocardial extracellular volume fraction among persons living with and without HIV
BMC
2022
Sept 03
https://bmccardiovascdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12872-022-02835-y
Background Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with higher risk for myocardial disease despite modern combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Factors contributing to this excess risk, however, remain poorly characterized. We aimed to assess cross-sectional relationships between elevations of left atrial volume index (LAVI) and myocardial extracellular volume (ECV) fraction that have been reported in persons living with HIV and levels of circulating biomarkers of inflammation, fibrosis, and myocyte stretch among persons living with and without HIV (PLWH, PLWOH). Methods Participants from three cohorts of PLWH and PLWOH underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging for measurement of LAVI and ECV. Levels of circulating proteins (IL-6, sCD14, galectin-3, NT-proBNP, GDF-15, TIMP-2, MMP-2, and hsTnI) were measured using immunoassays. Associations were assessed using logistic and linear regression, adjusting for demographics, substance use, and clinical
doi.org/10.1186/s12872-022-02835-y
36057773
PMC9441072
Human immunodefciency virus, Infammation, Myocardial disease, Extracellular volume fraction, Left atrial volume, Fibrosis
Tess E. Peterson, Christian Landon, Sabina A. Haberlen, Fiona Bhondoekhan, Michael W. Plankey, Frank J. Palella, Damani A. Piggott, Joseph B. Margolick, Todd T. Brown, Wendy S. Post & Katherine C. Wu (2022). Circulating biomarker correlates of left atrial size and myocardial extracellular volume fraction among persons living with and without HIV. BMC, (), . PMC9441072
Journal Article
Combined protein and transcript single‐cell RNA sequencing in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells
BMC Biology
2022
Sept 1
https://bmcbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12915-022-01382-4
Background Cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are frequently collected and provide disease- and treatment-relevant data in clinical studies. Here, we developed combined protein (40 antibodies) and transcript single-cell (sc)RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) in PBMCs. Results Among 31 participants in the Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), we sequenced 41,611 cells. Using Boolean gating followed by Seurat UMAPs (tool for visualizing high-dimensional data) and Louvain clustering, we identified 50 subsets among CD4+ T, CD8+ T, B, NK cells, and monocytes. This resolution was superior to flow cytometry, mass cytometry, or scRNA-seq without antibodies. Combined protein and transcript scRNA-seq allowed for the assessment of disease-related changes in transcriptomes and cell type proportions. As a proof-of-concept, we showed such differences between healthy and matched individuals living with HIV with and without cardiovascular disease. Conclusions In conclusion, combined pr
10.1186/s12915-022-01382-4
36045343
PMC9434837
Antibodies; CVD; HIV; Human; Transcriptomes; scRNA-seq.
Jenifer Vallejo, Ryosuke Saigusa, Rishab Gulati, Sujit Silas Armstrong Suthahar, Vasantika Suryawanshi, Ahmad Alimadadi, Christopher P. Durant, Yanal Ghosheh, Payel Roy, Erik Ehinger, Tanyaporn Pattarabanjird, David B. Hanna, Alan L. Landay, Russell P. Tracy, Jason M. Lazar, Wendy J. Mack, Kathleen M. Weber, Adaora A. Adimora, Howard N. Hodis, Phyllis C. Tien, Igho Ofotokun, Sonya L. Heath, Avishai Shemesh, Coleen A. McNamara, Lewis L. Lanier, Catherine C. Hedrick, Robert C. Kaplan & Klaus Ley (2022). Combined protein and transcript single‐cell RNA sequencing in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. BMC Biology , (), . PMC9434837
Journal Article
The Effect of Homelessness on the HIV Care Continuum in an Underserved Metropolitan Area of the South : Potential Implications for Ending the HIV Epidemic in America
BMC Infectious Diseases
2022
Feb 10
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347316116_The_Effect_of_Homelessness_on_the_HIV_Care_Continuum_in_an_Underserved_Metropolitan_Area_of_the_South_Potential_Implications_for_Ending_the_HIV_Epidemic_in_America
Background: A wealth of scientific evidence supports the effectiveness of HIV prophylaxis and treatment. Homelessness is strongly associated with the health status and viral suppression among underserved populations and can undermine the national plan to eliminate HIV by 2030. This retrospective observational study examined the extent in which homelessness affects HIV treatment in an underserved urban area of Middle Tennessee in 2014-2019. Results: Among 692 HIV-seropositive patients, the proportion of homeless patients increased from 13.5% in 2014 to 27.7% in 2019, thrice the national average for HIV-seropositive people (8.4%) and twice that of HIV positive patients who are participating in Ryan White programs nationwide (12.9%). Our findings suggest that homeless patients were half as likely to achieve viral suppression as compared to those who had a permanent/stable home [OR 0.48 (0.32-0.72), p-value < 0.001]. Conclusion: Our study indicates that homelessness may play an important
10.1186/s12879-022-07105-y
35144557
PMC8830956
And viral suppression; HIV; Homelessness; Social determinants
Vladimir Berthaud, Livette Johnson, Ronda Jennings, Maxine Chandler-Auguste, Abosede Osijo, Marie Baldwin, Paul Juarez, Patricia Matthews-Juarez, Derek Wilus, Mohammad Tabatabai (2022). The Effect of Homelessness on the HIV Care Continuum in an Underserved Metropolitan Area of the South : Potential Implications for Ending the HIV Epidemic in America . BMC Infectious Diseases, (), . PMC8830956
Journal Article
Nested and multipart prospective observational studies, flaming fiasco or efficiently economical?: The Brain, Bone, Heart case study
BMC Med Res Methodol
2022
July 25
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35879677/
Background: Collecting new data from cross-sectional/survey and cohort observational study designs can be expensive and time-consuming. Nested (hierarchically cocooned within an existing parent study) and/or Multipart (≥ 2 integrally interlinked projects) study designs can expand the scope of a prospective observational research program beyond what might otherwise be possible with available funding and personnel. The Brain, Bone, Heart (BBH) study provides an exemplary case to describe the real-world advantages, challenges, considerations, and insights from these complex designs. MAIN: BBH is a Nested, Multipart study conducted by the Specialized Center for Research Excellence (SCORE) on Sex Differences at Emory University. BBH is designed to examine whether estrogen insufficiency-induced inflammation compounds HIV-induced inflammation, leading to end-organ damage and aging-related co-morbidities affecting the neuro-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (brain), musculoskeletal (bone), a
10.1186/s12874-022-01675-w.
35879677
PMC9310359
MACS/WIHS Combined Cohort Study; Multipart study; Nested study; Observational study; Prospective study; Research methodology; Study design; Women’s Interagency HIV Study.
Christina Mehta, Kimberly S Hagen, Lauren F Collins, Renee' H Moore, Ighovwerha Ofotokun (2022). Nested and multipart prospective observational studies, flaming fiasco or efficiently economical?: The Brain, Bone, Heart case study. BMC Med Res Methodol, (), . PMC9310359
Journal Article
Longitudinal determinants of anal intercourse among women with, and without HIV in the United States
BMC Women's health
2022
July 14
https://bmcwomenshealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12905-022-01849-0
Background Anal intercourse (AI) is not uncommon among U.S. women and, when condomless, confers a far greater likelihood of HIV transmission than condomless vaginal intercourse. We aim to identify determinants preceding AI, among women with, and women without HIV. Methods 3708 women living with (73%), and without HIV (27%) participating in the Women’s Interagency HIV Study provided sexual behavior and other data at 6-monthly visits over a median of 9 years (1994–2014). We used generalized estimating equation models to examine sociodemographic, structural and behavioral determinants reported in the visit preceding (1) AI, and (2) condomless AI. Results AI was reported at least once over follow-up by 31% of women without, and 21% with HIV. AI was commonly condomless; reported at 76% and 51% of visits among women living without HIV, and with HIV, respectively. Women reporting AI were more likely to be younger (continuous variable, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.97, 95% confidence interva
10.1186/s12905-022-01849-0
35836248
PMC9284855
Anal sex; Heterosexual; Prevention; Transmission; Women.
Branwen Nia Owen, Rebecca F. Baggaley, Mathieu Maheu-Giroux, Jocelyn Elmes, Adaora A. Adimora, Catalina Ramirez, Andrew Edmonds, Kemi Sosanya, Tonya N. Taylor, Michael Plankey, Julie A. Cederbaum, Dominika Seidman, Kathleen M. Weber, Elizabeth T. Golub, Jessica Wells, Hector Bolivar, Deborah Konkle-Parker, Gudrun Pregartner & Marie-Claude Boily (2022). Longitudinal determinants of anal intercourse among women with, and without HIV in the United States. BMC Women's health, (), . PMC9284855
Journal Article
Multisite prospective Liver Disease and Reproductive Ageing (LIVRA) study in US women living with and without HIV
BMJ Open
2022
April 7
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35393310/
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis to estimate the association between social support and three measures of cognitive function [Trail Making Test (TMT) Part A, TMT Part B to A ratio, and Symbol Digit Modalities Tasks (SDMT)]. We also used linear mixed-effects models to estimate the association between baseline social support and cognitive function across four subsequent time points. We evaluated a multiplicative interaction term between baseline social support and time, in order to determine whether cognitive trajectories over time vary by baseline social support.
10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055706
35393310
PMC8991036
HIV & AIDS; hepatology; infectious diseases
Jennifer Price, Yifei Ma, Adaora Adimora, Margaret Fischl, Audrey L French, Elizabeth T Golub, Deborah Konkle-Parker, Mark H Kuniholm, Ighovwerha Ofotokun, Michael Plankey, Anjali Sharma, Phyllis C Tien (2022). Multisite prospective Liver Disease and Reproductive Ageing (LIVRA) study in US women living with and without HIV. BMJ Open, (), . PMC8991036
Journal Article
T-cell activation state differentially contributes to neuropsychiatric complications in women with HIV
Brain Behav Immun Health
2022
Aug 29
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36097532/
Neuropsychiatric complications are common among women with HIV (WWH). The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these complications are not fully known but likely driven in part by immune modulation. We examined associations between T-cell activation states which are required to mount an effective immune response (activation, co-stimulation/normal function, exhaustion, senescence) and neuropsychiatric complications in WWH. 369 WWH (78% HIV RNA undetectable/<20cp/mL) enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study completed neuropsychological testing and measures of depression (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale-CES-D), self-reported stress levels (Perceived Stress Scale-10), and post-traumatic stress (PTSD Checklist-Civilian Scale). Multiparametric flow cytometry evaluated T-cell activation state. Partial least squares regressions were used to examine T-cell phenotypes and neuropsychiatric outcome associations after confounder adjustment. In the total sample and among
10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100498
36097532
PMC9463560
Cognition; HIV; Mental health; T-cell function; Women.
Dionna W Williams, Bianca R Flores, Yanxun Xu, Yuezhe Wang, Danyang Yu, Brandilyn A Peters, Adebola Adedimeji, Tracey E Wilson, Daniel Merenstein, Phyllis C Tien, Mardge H Cohen, Kathleen M Weber, Adaora A Adimora, Igho Ofotokun, Margaret Fischl, Janet Turan, Bülent Turan, Geoffroy Laumet, Alan L Landay, Raha M Dastgheyb, Stephen J Gange, Sheri D Weiser, Leah H Rubin (2022). T-cell activation state differentially contributes to neuropsychiatric complications in women with HIV. Brain Behav Immun Health, (), . PMC9463560
Journal Article
Cardiovascular Implications of Immune Disorders in Women
Circ Res
2022
Feb 18
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35175848/
Immune responses differ between men and women, with women at higher risk of developing chronic autoimmune diseases and having more robust immune responses to many viruses, including HIV and hepatitis C virus. Although immune dysregulation plays a prominent role in chronic systemic inflammation, a key driver in the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), standard ASCVD risk prediction scores underestimate risk in populations with immune disorders, particularly women. This review focuses on the ASCVD implications of immune dysregulation due to disorders with varying global prevalence by sex: autoimmune disorders (female predominant), HIV (male-female equivalent), and hepatitis C virus (male predominant). Factors contributing to ASCVD in women with immune disorders, including traditional risk factors, dysregulated innate and adaptive immunity, sex hormones, and treatment modalities, are discussed. Finally, the need to develop new ASCVD risk stratification tools that
10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.121.319877
35175848
PMC8869407
cardiovascular diseases; immune system diseases; inflammation; risk factors; women
Caitlin A Moran, Lauren F Collins, Nour Beydoun, Puja K Mehta, Yetunde Fatade, Ijeoma Isiadinso, Tené T Lewis, Brittany Weber, Jill Goldstein, Igho Ofotokun, Arshed Quyyumi, May Y Choi, Kehmia Titanji 8, Cecile D Lahiri (2022). Cardiovascular Implications of Immune Disorders in Women. Circ Res, 130(4), 593-610. PMC8869407
Journal Article
Immunodominant MHC-II (Major Histocompatibility Complex II) Restricted Epitopes in Human Apolipoprotein B
Circ Res
2022
July 22
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35766025/
Background: CD (cluster of differentiation) 4+ T-cell responses to APOB (apolipoprotein B) are well characterized in atherosclerotic mice and detectable in humans. CD4+ T cells recognize antigenic peptides displayed on highly polymorphic HLA (human leukocyte antigen)-II. Immunogenicity of individual APOB peptides is largely unknown in humans. Only 1 HLA-II-restricted epitope was validated using the DRB1*07:01-APOB3036-3050 tetramer. We hypothesized that human APOB may contain discrete immunodominant CD4+ T-cell epitopes that trigger atherosclerosis-related autoimmune responses in donors with diverse HLA alleles. Methods: We selected 20 APOB-derived peptides (APOB20) from an in silico screen and experimentally validated binding to the most commonly occurring human HLA-II alleles. We optimized a restimulation-based workflow to evaluate antigenicity of multiple candidate peptides in HLA-typed donors. This included activation-induced marker assay, intracellular cytokine staining, IFNγ (in
10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.122.321116
35766025
PMC9536649
alleles; autoimmunity; coronary artery disease; peptides; workflow.
Payel Roy, John Sidney, Cecilia S Lindestam Arlehamn, Elizabeth Phillips , Simon Mallal, Sujit Silas Armstrong Suthahar, Monica Billitti, Paul Rubiro, Daniel Marrama, Fabrizio Drago, Jenifer Vallejo, Vasantika Suryawanshi, Marco Orecchioni, Jeffrey Makings, Paul J Kim, Coleen A McNamara, Bjoern Peters, Alessandro Sette , Klaus Ley (2022). Immunodominant MHC-II (Major Histocompatibility Complex II) Restricted Epitopes in Human Apolipoprotein B. Circ Res, (), . PMC9536649
Journal Article
HIV and Menopause are Independently Associated with Lower Bone Mineral Density: Results from the Women's Interagency HIV Study
Clin Infect Dis
2022
Aug 24
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34595517/
Background: We previously reported lower bone mineral density (BMD) among premenopausal women with HIV (WWH) compared to women without HIV (HIV-). Rate of bone loss may be even greater for WWH during the menopausal transition. Methods: Pre-, peri- and postmenopausal women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) underwent whole body DXA and central quantitative computed tomography to measure areal BMD (aBMD) and volumetric BMD (vBMD), respectively. Multivariable regression models with covariates associated with low aBMD (T score <-1.0) in univariate analyses (p≤0.05) and known risk factors for low BMD assessed contributions of HIV and menopausal stage to the prediction of aBMD. Results: Compared to HIV- women, in unadjusted analyses, WWH had 5-9% lower aBMD at the lumbar spine (p=0.001), femoral neck (p=0.04), total hip (p=0.003) and the ultradistal radius (p=0.004), and higher osteoporosis prevalence (T score <-2.5) at the ultradistal radius only (13.5% vs 0%, p=0.0003). WWH also
10.1093/cid/ciab874
34595517
PMC9402636
HIV; aging; bone mineral density; menopause; osteoporosis; women
Anjali Sharma, Donald R Hoover, Qiuhu Shi, Phyllis C Tien, Kathleen M Weber, Jayesh G Shah, Michael T Yin (2022). HIV and Menopause are Independently Associated with Lower Bone Mineral Density: Results from the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Clin Infect Dis, (), . PMC9402636
Journal Article
Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors are Associated with Incident Diabetes Mellitus in People with HIV
Clin Infect Dis
2022
May 06
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35521785/
Background: Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) are associated with weight gain in people with HIV (PWH). Less is known about the risk of other metabolic outcomes such as diabetes mellitus and hyperglycemia. Methods: IBM® MarketScan® databases for commercially- and Medicaid-insured adults were used to identify PWH newly-initiating ART. The primary outcome was a composite of new-onset diabetes mellitus/hyperglycemia in the six months following ART initiation, and was identified using ICD-9-CM/ICD-10-CM diagnosis and procedure codes and CPT-4 codes. To examine the relationship between INSTI use and the composite outcome, we estimated the risk using Cox proportional hazards models with calendar time-specific standardized mortality ratio weights. Results: Of 42,382 PWH who initiated ART between July 1, 2007 and June 30, 2018, 22,762 (54%) were treated with INSTI-based regimens. Mean age was 38 years, 74% were male, and 19% were Medicaid insured. PWH on INSTIs were 31% more like
10.1093/cid/ciac355
35521785
PMC10200297
HIV; antiretroviral therapy; diabetes; hyperglycemia; integrase strand transfer inhibitors.
Jane A O'Halloran, John Sahrmann, Luis Parra-Rodriguez, Daniel T Vo, Anne M Butler, Margaret A Olsen, William G Powderly (2022). Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors are Associated with Incident Diabetes Mellitus in People with HIV . Clin Infect Dis, (), . PMC10200297
Journal Article
Lung Function in Women with and without HIV
Clin Infect Dis
2022
May 23
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35604821/
Background: Prior studies have found that HIV infection is associated with impaired lung function and increased risk of chronic lung disease, but few have included large numbers of women. In this study, we investigate whether HIV infection is associated with differences in lung function in women. Methods: This was a cross-sectional analysis of participants in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), a racially and ethnically diverse multicenter cohort of women with and without HIV. In 2018-2019, participants at all nine clinical sites were invited to perform spirometry. Single-breath diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) was also measured at selected sites. The primary outcomes were the post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and DLCO. Multivariable regression modeling was used to analyze the association of HIV infection and lung function outcomes after adjustment for confounding exposures. Results: FEV1 measurements from 1,489 women (1,062 HIV+, 42
10.1093/cid/ciac391
35604821
PMC9907549
HIV; Hepatitis C; comorbidity; lung disease; pulmonary function testing.
Richard J Wang, Mehdi Nouraie, Ken M Kunisaki, Laurence Huang, Phyllis C Tien, Kathryn Anastos, Neha Bhandari, Surya P Bhatt, Hector Bolivar, Sushma K Cribbs, Robert Foronjy, Stephen J Gange, Deepa Lazarous, Alison Morris, M Bradley Drummond (2022). Lung Function in Women with and without HIV . Clin Infect Dis, (), . PMC9907549
Journal Article
HIV and Cardiac End-Organ Damage in Women: Findings from an Echocardiographic Study Across the United States
Clin Infect Dis
2022
Oct 3
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36184972/
Background: People with HIV have been reported to have increased risk of clinical and subclinical cardiovascular disease. Existing studies have focused on men and often have been uncontrolled or lacked adequate HIV-negative comparators. Methods: We performed echocardiography in participants with, or at risk for, HIV from the Women's Interagency HIV Study. We evaluated associations of HIV and HIV-related factors with cardiac phenotypes, including left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD), isolated LV diastolic dysfunction (LVDD), left atrial enlargement (LAE), LV hypertrophy (LVH), and increased tricuspid regurgitation velocity (TRV). Results: Of 1654 participants (age 51 ± 9), 70% were HIV-positive. Sixty-three (5.4%) women with HIV (WWH) had LVSD; 71 (6.5%) had isolated LVDD. Compared to women without HIV (WWOH), WWH had a near-significantly increased risk of LVSD (adjusted RR = 1.69 [95% CI = 1.00, 2.86], p = 0.051). No significant association was noted for HIV seropositivity wi
10.1093/cid/ciac795
36184972
PMC10202437
HIV; cardiac dysfunction; women.
Sanyog G Shitole, Jason M Lazar, Cynthia C Taub, Andrea C Furlani, Deborah J Konkle-Parker, Jodie Dionne-Odom, Margaret A Fischl, Igho Ofotokun, Adaora A Adimora, Elizabeth F Topper, Yasmeen Golzar, Seble G Kassaye , Deborah Gustafson, Kathryn Anastos, David B Hanna, Xiaonan Xue 15, Phyllis C Tien, Robert C Kaplan, Jorge R Kizer (2022). HIV and Cardiac End-Organ Damage in Women: Findings from an Echocardiographic Study Across the United States . Clin Infect Dis, (), . PMC10202437
Journal Article
Sex Differences in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Persistence and Reservoir Size During Aging
Clin Infect Dis
2022
August 24
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34612493/
Background: Sex differences in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reservoir dynamics remain underexplored. Methods: Longitudinal samples from virally suppressed midlife women (n = 59, median age 45 years) and age-matched men (n = 31) were analyzed retrospectively. At each time point, we measured sex hormones (by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and cellular HIV DNA and RNA (by means of digital droplet polymerase chain reaction). Number of inducible HIV RNA+ cells, which provides an upper estimate of the replication-competent reservoir, was quantified longitudinally in a different subset of 14 women, across well-defined reproductive stages. Mixed-effects models included normalized reservoir outcomes and sex, time since antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation, and the sex-by-time interaction as predictors. Results: At ART initiation, women and men had median (interquartile range [IQR]) CD4+ T-cell counts of 204/μL (83-306/μL) versus 238/μL (120-284/μL), respectively; median
10.1093/cid/ciab873
34612493
PMC9402699
HIV reservoir; aging; menopause; sex at birth.
Sara Gianella, Stephen A Rawlings, Curtis Dobrowolski, Masato Nakazawa, Antoine Chaillon, Matthew Strain, Laura Layman, Gemma Caballero, Eileen Scully, Brianna Scott, Caitleen Pacis, Kathleen M Weber, Alan Landay, Christy Anderson, Jonathan Karn (2022). Sex Differences in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Persistence and Reservoir Size During Aging . Clin Infect Dis, (), . PMC9402699
Journal Article
Menopausal hormone therapy and subclinical cardiovascular disease in women with and without HIV
Clinical Infectious Disease
2022
July 29
https://academic.oup.com/cid/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/cid/ciac620/6651468
Background Estrogen-based hormone therapy (HT) may have beneficial cardiovascular effects when initiated in early menopause. This has not been examined in women with HIV who have heightened immune activation and cardiovascular risks. Methods Among 609 post-menopausal women (1,234 person-visits) in the Women’s Interagency HIV Study, we examined the relationship of ever HT use (oral, patch, or vaginal) with subclinical atherosclerosis – carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT), distensibility, and plaque assessed via repeated B-mode ultrasound imaging (2004-2013). We also examined associations of HT with cross-sectional biomarkers of immune activation and D-dimer. Statistical models were adjusted for sociodemographic, behavioral, and cardiometabolic factors. Results Women (mean age = 51, 80% HIV+) who ever used HT at baseline were older, and more likely to be non-Hispanic White and report higher income, than never users. Women who ever used HT had 43% lower prevalence of plaque (pr
https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciac620
35903868
PMC10169435
menopause, hormone therapy, cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, HIV
Brandilyn A Peters, David B Hanna, Anjali Sharma, Kathryn Anastos, Donald R Hoover, Qiuhu Shi, Caitlin A Moran, Elizabeth A Jackson, Maria L Alcaide, Igho Ofotokun, Adaora A Adimora, Sabina A Haberlen, Mardge Cohen, Phyllis C Tien, Katherine G Michel, Steven R Levine, Howard N Hodis, Robert C Kaplan, Michael T Yin (2022). Menopausal hormone therapy and subclinical cardiovascular disease in women with and without HIV. Clinical Infectious Disease, (), . PMC10169435
Journal Article
HIV is associated with elevated FibroScan-AST (FAST) score
Clinical Infectious Diseases
2022
May 03
https://academic.oup.com/cid/advance-article/doi/10.1093/cid/ciac337/6577095?login=true
Background & Aims Whether HIV infection is associated with the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) remains unclear. The FibroScan-AST (FAST) score was developed to identify patients who have histologic NASH with high nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score (NAS≥4) and significant liver fibrosis (≥F2), which has been associated with higher risk of end-stage liver disease. We examined whether HIV infection is associated with elevated FAST score in a large United States (US) cohort. Approach Vibration controlled transient elastography was performed in 1309 women without history of chronic viral hepatitis enrolled from 10 US sites: 928 women living with HIV (WLWH) and 381 women living without HIV (WLWOH). We used multivariable logistic regression to evaluate associations of HIV, demographic, lifestyle, and metabolic factors with an elevated (>0.35) FAST score. Results Median age of WLWH and WLWOH was 51 years and 48 years, respectively. Most (90%) WLWH were on anti
https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciac337
35511608
PMC10200299
human immunodeficiency virus, liver steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, VCTE, FAST score
Jennifer C. Price, Yifei Ma, Mark H. Kuniholm, Adaora A. Adimora, Margaret Fischl, Audrey L. French, Elizabeth T. Golub, Deborah Konkle-Parker, Howard Minkoff, Ighovwerha Ofotokun, Michael Plankey, Anjali Sharma, Phyllis C. Tien (2022). HIV is associated with elevated FibroScan-AST (FAST) score. Clinical Infectious Diseases, (), . PMC10200299
Journal Article
The Effect of Menopausal Status, Age, and HIV on Non-AIDS Comorbidity Burden Among U.S. Women
Clinical Infectious Diseases
2022
10 June
https://academic.oup.com/cid/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/cid/ciac465/6605115
Menopause may impact the earlier onset of aging-related comorbidities among women with versus without HIV. We found that menopausal status, age, and HIV were independently associated with higher comorbidity burden; and that HIV impacted burden most in the pre-/peri-menopausal phases.
doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciac465
35686432
PMC10169392
Women living with HIV, HIV and aging, HIV and menopause, non-AIDS comorbidities, comorbidity burden
Lauren F. Collins, C. Christina Mehta, MSPH, Frank J. Palella, Jr., Yetunde Fatade, Susanna Naggie, Elizabeth T. Golub, Kathryn Anastos, Audrey L. French, Seble Kassaye, Tonya N. Taylor, Margaret A. Fischl, Adaora A. Adimora, Mirjam-Colette Kempf, Phyllis C. Tien, Anandi N. Sheth, Ighovwerha Ofotokun (2022). The Effect of Menopausal Status, Age, and HIV on Non-AIDS Comorbidity Burden Among U.S. Women. Clinical Infectious Diseases, (), . PMC10169392
Journal Article
Barriers to Uptake of Long-Acting Antiretroviral Products for Treatment and Prevention of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in High-Income Countries
Clinical Infectious Diseases
2022
Nov 21
https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/75/Supplement_4/S541/6835721
Long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy (LAI-ART) for the treatment and prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) holds great potential to shift treatment paradigms by offering an alternative to daily oral medication. However, significant challenges at the drug, patient, and system levels risk impeding the uptake and implementation of LAI-ART. This review aims to describe the known and anticipated barriers to uptake of LAI-ART in high-income countries, as well as the ongoing research addressing some of these barriers to improve the delivery and uptake of LAI-ART products.
doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciac716
36410385
PMC10200323
antiretroviral therapy, cabotegravir, HIV-1, long-acting injectable antiretroviral, preexposure prophylaxis, rilpivirine
Stanley E Cooper, Joshua Rosenblatt, Roy M Gulick (2022). Barriers to Uptake of Long-Acting Antiretroviral Products for Treatment and Prevention of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in High-Income Countries . Clinical Infectious Diseases, (), . PMC10200323
Journal Article
Incorporating local ancestry improves identification of ancestry-associated methylation signatures and meQTLs in African Americans
Commun Biol
2022
Apr 29
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35488087/
Here we report three epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) of DNA methylation on self-reported race, global genetic ancestry, and local genetic ancestry in admixed Americans from three sets of samples, including internal and external replications (Ntotal = 1224). Our EWAS on local ancestry (LA) identified the largest number of ancestry-associated DNA methylation sites and also featured the highest replication rate. Furthermore, by incorporating ancestry origins of genetic variations, we identified 36 methylation quantitative trait loci (meQTL) clumps for LA-associated CpGs that cannot be captured by a model that assumes identical genetic effects across ancestry origins. Lead SNPs at 152 meQTL clumps had significantly different genetic effects in the context of an African or European ancestry background. Local ancestry information enables superior capture of ancestry-associated methylation signatures and identification of ancestry-specific genetic effects on DNA methylation. These f
10.1038/s42003-022-03353-5
35488087
PMC9054854
Boyang Li, Bradley E Aouizerat, Youshu Cheng, Kathryn Anastos, Amy C Justice, Hongyu Zhao, Ke Xu (2022). Incorporating local ancestry improves identification of ancestry-associated methylation signatures and meQTLs in African Americans. Commun Biol, (), . PMC9054854
Journal Article
Bone Quality in Relation to HIV and Antiretroviral Drugs
Curr HIV/AIDS Rep
2022
June 20
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35726043/
Purpose of review: People living with HIV (PLWH) are at an increased risk for osteoporosis, a disease defined by the loss of bone mineral density (BMD) and deterioration of bone quality, both of which independently contribute to an increased risk of skeletal fractures. While there is an emerging body of literature focusing on the factors that contribute to BMD loss in PLWH, the contribution of these factors to bone quality changes are less understood. The current review summarizes and critically reviews the data describing the effects of HIV, HIV disease-related factors, and antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) on bone quality. Recent findings: The increased availability of high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography has confirmed that both HIV infection and ARVs negatively affect bone architecture. There is considerably less data on their effects on bone remodeling or the composition of bone matrix. Whether changes in bone quality independently predict fracture risk, as seen i
10.1007/s11904-022-00613-1
35726043
PMC10309294
Bone mineral density; Bone quality; Matrix composition; Microarchitecture; Remodeling.
Arnold Z Olali , Kelsey A Carpenter, Maria Myers, Anjali Sharma , Michael T Yin , Lena Al-Harthi , Ryan D Ross (2022). Bone Quality in Relation to HIV and Antiretroviral Drugs. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep, (), . PMC10309294
Journal Article
Short-term binge drinking, marijuana, and recreational drug use trajectories in a prospective cohort of people living with HIV at the start of COVID-19 mitigation efforts in the United States
Drug Alcohol Depend
2022
Feb 1
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34998247/
Background: At the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, HIV experts suggested that an increase in mental health diagnoses and substance use among people living with HIV (PLHIV) may be an unintended consequence of COVID-19 mitigation efforts (e.g., limiting social contact). We evaluated short-term trajectories in binge drinking, marijuana, and recreational drug use in a prospective cohort of PLHIV. Methods: Data (N = 2121 PLHIV) consist of survey responses on substance use behaviors from two pre-COVID-19 (October 2018-September 2019) and one COVID-19-era (April 2020-September 2020) timepoints within the MACS/WIHS Combined Cohort Study (MWCCS). We conducted group-based trajectory models, triangulated with generalized linear mixed models, to assess changes in binge drinking, daily marijuana use, and recreational drug use at the start of the pandemic. Controlling for age and race/ethnicity, we tested whether trajectories differed by sex and early-pandemic depressive symptoms, loneliness, and s
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109233
34998247
PMC8709730
COVID-19; HIV; Longitudinal; Substance use.
Steven Meanley, Seul Ki Choi, Azure B Thompson, Jacquelyn L Meyers, Gypsyamber D'Souza, Adaora A Adimora, Matthew J Mimiaga, Mirjam-Colette Kempf, Deborah Konkle-Parker, Mardge H Cohen, Linda A Teplin, Lynn Murchison, Leah H Rubin, Anna A Rubtsova, Deborah Jones Weiss, Brad Aouizerat, Mackey R Friedman, Michael W Plankey, Tracey E Wilson (2022). Short-term binge drinking, marijuana, and recreational drug use trajectories in a prospective cohort of people living with HIV at the start of COVID-19 mitigation efforts in the United States. Drug Alcohol Depend, (), . PMC8709730
Journal Article
Increased Rate of Epigenetic Aging in Men Living With HIV Prior to Treatment
Front Genet
2022
Feb 28
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35295196/
Background: Epigenetic aging is accelerated in tissues of persons living with HIV (PLWH) and may underlie the early onset of age-related illnesses. This study examines the rate-of-change in epigenetic age in PLWH following HIV infection but before HAART, using archived longitudinal samples from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Methods: DNA was isolated from cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 101 men living with HIV, with baseline visit <2.5 years after HIV seroconversion (Visit 1) and follow-up visit <1.5 years before the initiation of HAART (Visit 2), and 100 HIV-uninfected men matched on age and visits with comparable time intervals. DNA methylation (DNAm) age was estimated for five clocks (Pan-tissue, Extrinsic, Phenotypic, Grim, and Skin & Blood age), and a DNAm-based estimate of telomere length (DNAmTL). Multivariate linear regression models were used to examine baseline factors associated with rate-of-aging, defined as (DNAm age visit 2-DNAm age visit 1)/(age
10.3389/fgene.2021.796547
35295196
PMC8919029
DNA methylation; HIV; aging; epigenetic clock; telomeres.
Mary E Sehl, Elizabeth Crabb Breen, Roger Shih, Larry Chen, Ruibin Wang, Steve Horvath, Jay H Bream, Priya Duggal, Jeremy Martinson, Steven M Wolinsky, Otoniel Martinez-Maza, Christina M Ramirez, Beth D Jamieson (2022). Increased Rate of Epigenetic Aging in Men Living With HIV Prior to Treatment. Front Genet, (), . PMC8919029
Journal Article
Longitudinal Assessment of the Enhanced Liver Fibrosis Score in the Era of Contemporary HIV and Hepatitis C Virus Treatment
Infectious Disease
2022
July 27
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35951669/
Background The trajectory of liver fibrosis is not well understood in the contemporary era of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapy. Methods We assessed the Enhanced Liver Fibrosis (ELF) score, aspartate transaminase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) and Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) in 116 women with HIV/HCV coinfection over a 4-year period. Random-effects linear regression models examined the rate of fibrosis change 1–2 years before starting HCV treatment, within 1 year before starting (peri-HCV treatment), within 1 year after and 1–2 years post-HCV treatment in unadjusted and adjusted models including age, race, and changes from pretreatment of factors that might affect fibrosis (eg, alcohol, integrase strand inhibitor [INSTI] use, waist circumference, CD4 count). Results INSTI use nearly doubled from pre- to peri-HCV treatment. In unadjusted analysis, there was a 3.3% rate of rise in ELF pre-HCV treatment, 2.2% and 3.6% rate of decline during the peri- and 1-ye
https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiac315
35951669
PMC10226657
enhanced liver fibrosis score, ELF, hepatitis C, HIV, FIB-4, APRI, direct-acting antiviral therapy
Annelys Roque Gardner, Yifei Ma, Peter Bacchetti, Jennifer C Price, Mark H Kuniholm, Audrey L French, Stephen Gange, Adaora A Adimora, Howard Minkoff, Seble Kassaye, Igho Ofotokun, William Rosenberg, Andrea A Z Kovacs, Phyllis C Tien (2022). Longitudinal Assessment of the Enhanced Liver Fibrosis Score in the Era of Contemporary HIV and Hepatitis C Virus Treatment. Infectious Disease, (), . PMC10226657
Journal Article
Substance Use Treatment Utilization Among Women With and Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Infectious diseases
2022
October
https://watermark.silverchair.com/ofac684.pdf?token=AQECAHi208BE49Ooan9kkhW_Ercy7Dm3ZL_9Cf3qfKAc485ysgAAAsUwggLBBgkqhkiG9w0BBwagggKyMIICrgIBADCCAqcGCSqGSIb3DQEHATAeBglghkgBZQMEAS4wEQQMpGykDxPiQrPrLRn-AgEQgIICeL2YMxgaLuS4UhqbVeFHKu2JdI0T97YlV12DE7Hq89cIWDZBTmcPZeZLf0BbojG273U6BRuzj-WykOW0UHO-VQI3cU9sRwKtWVpmPZGk9H6hU3glXCE83ZSFgCjkMo0xnvlHZ7AvPqLP9pzY8ttg8ek_96_w6fSMyeFVUaTBBdTj3JyjyooUJ_XWuc1LO2ptlH-V3g7cvpTD78fPQx1YapfQSFdyaxiJlqy48sv96yV22vw8sUJYVIhj7YoYisxigegrVU0HsFRAj0ZyPth0bJOILrapEUEJE2R6mG4pRdn_rED5VsxzptqEVGEaBVyJUbobDD4YXkXArjcBbYbjZ9fMOBtxk8puMPtHhCjdNGakoeir_E5rkjNK2EwMjfpWRS26-aCqw-zCPD33fHguhdQ0fzeL557ziK-JRNW6KAAjoe-6ZGpHwceVsSl0rdBuUb_HxNBvA34uZ92-2TVowFda6akdyz42bLTpuNOkCEDkdR15ukhospq_79YscuZH2Ax8Qng_Pe2X1JbHA7oEqvhr13fPcD3MgGqzu1Rifpf6NG4fNlUfyWtI5GpSYxs4ZDA-bDkj-U2BQMZhj-3Gb92hZ671uoklton9XevoGwnTwbMhgFAtDoW1vtyLaEiRevnur-jFjZRvrt_3Rp2zc9QG5cUHX4yKLl7YL3rS56q6wm8zUK2aaItX-n_wpJ_NJCooBZVvOnC0_Y5WyyiX6B5XMoO_GyJ8t88r6rVwIkfPUTcib_oDaYXgzTv1ntsm8h-lciuiCFWX8EsKo_6RdwGWRZKjxxKyzLMhGLprig-czka8YawD3HRtgPr6RIzXjLbtCMRURVws
Background: Substance use (SU) contributes to poor health outcomes, yet limited data exist to inform strategies to optimize SU treatment among persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We describe SU and SU treatment utilization among women with and without HIV in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). Methods: We included data from women enrolled in WIHS from 2013 to 2020. Current SU was self-reported, nonmedical use of drugs in the past year, excluding use of only marijuana. SU treatment utilization was self-reported use of a drug treatment program in the past year. Multivariable regression models were used to investigate associations between participant characteristics and SU treatment. Results: Among 2559 women (1802 women living with HIV [WWH], 757 women without HIV), 14% reported current SU. Among those with current SU (n = 367), 71% reported crack/cocaine followed by 40% reporting opioids, and 42% reported any treatment in the past year. The most common treatments we
https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofac684
36655189
PMC9835749
HIV; addiction; substance use; women.
Ayako W Fujita, Aditi Ramakrishnan, C Christina Mehta, Oyindamola B Yusuf, Tracey Wilson, Steven Shoptaw, Adam W Carrico, Adaora A Adimora, Ellen Eaton, Mardge H Cohen, Jennifer Cohen, Adebola Adedimeji, Michael Plankey, Deborah Jones, Aruna Chandran, Jonathan A Colasanti, Anandi N Sheth (2022). Substance Use Treatment Utilization Among Women With and Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Infectious diseases, (), . PMC9835749
Journal Article
Gap detection responses modelled using the Hill equation in adults with well-controlled HIV
Int J Audiol
2022
May 06
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35521916/
Objective: This study's objective was determining whether gap detection deficits are present in a longstanding cohort of people living with HIV (PLWH) compared to those living without HIV (PLWOH) using a new gap detection modelling technique (i.e. fitting gap responses using the Hill equation and analysing the individual gap detection resulting curves with non-linear statistics). This approach provides a measure of both gap threshold and the steepness of the gap length/correct detection relationship. Design: The relationship between the correct identification rate at each gap length was modelled using the Hill equation. Results were analysed using a nonlinear mixed-effect regression model. Study sample: 45 PLWH (age range 41-78) and 39 PLWOH (age range 38-79) were enrolled and completed gap detection testing. Results: The likelihood ratio statistic comparing the full regression model with the HIV effects to the null model, assuming one population curve for both groups, was highly si
10.1080/14992027.2022.2068083
35521916
PMC9683355
Gap detection; HIV; Hill equation; central auditory processing; non-linear modeling.
Christopher E. Niemczak,Christopher Cox,Gevorg Grigoryan,Gayle Springer,Abigail M. Fellows,Peter Torre III,Howard J. Hoffman,Jay C. Buckey, Michael W. Plankey (2022). Gap detection responses modelled using the Hill equation in adults with well-controlled HIV. Int J Audiol, (), . PMC9683355
Journal Article
Comparison of anal pre-cancer screening strategies among men who have sex with men
Int J STD AIDS
2022
Nov 15
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36380689/
Purpose: Comparison of anal pre-cancer screening strategies in men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods: MSM in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study underwent repeated anal cytology (aCyt), oncogenic human papillomavirus (oncHPV) testing. A subset received High-Resolution Anoscopy (HRA). We evaluated three screening strategies for their ability to predict anal histological High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial lesion (HSIL): single aCyt, sequential aCyt, and oncHPV co-testing. Multivariable logistic regression models evaluated risk of HSIL among participants undergoing HRA within 5 years of screening. Sensitivity and specificity were estimated among participants with HRA, and results corrected for verification bias using weighted generalized estimating equations. Results: There were 1426 MSM with aCyt screening (48% people with HIV [PWH]) and 428 that underwent HRA. Median age was 57 years, 14% of PWH had CD4< 350 cells/mm3. HSIL probability was higher in MSM with one (39%, p < 0.01) or t
10.1177/09564624221137974
36380689
PMC9942485
HIV; HPV; MSM; anal cancer; longitudinal cohort; screening
Jing Sun, Dorothy Wiley, Benjamin W Barrett, Hilary Hsu, Frank J Palella, Jennafer Kwait, Jeremy Martinson, Gypsyamber D'Souza (2022). Comparison of anal pre-cancer screening strategies among men who have sex with men. Int J STD AIDS, (), . PMC9942485
Journal Article
Accelerated aging with HIV occurs at the time of initial HIV infection
iScience
2022
July 15
https://www.natap.org/2023/HIV/PIIS2589004222007593.pdf
Living with HIV infection is associated with early onset of aging-related chronic conditions, sometimes described as accelerated aging. Epigenetic DNA methylation patterns can evaluate acceleration of biological age relative to chronological age. The impact of initial HIV infection on five epigenetic measures of aging was examined before and approximately 3 years after HIV infection in the same individuals (n=102). Significant epigenetic age acceleration (median 1.9-4.8 years) and estimated telomere length shortening (all p≤ 0.001) were observed from pre-to post-HIV infection, and remained significant in three epigenetic measures after controlling for T cell changes. No acceleration was seen in age- and time interval-matched HIV-uninfected controls. Changes in genome-wide co-methylation clusters were also significantly associated with initial HIV infection (p≤ 2.0 × 10-4). These longitudinal observations clearly demonstrate an early and substantial impact of HIV infection on the epigen
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2022.104488
35880029
PMC9308149
Epigenetics; Human physiology; Immunology; Virology
Elizabeth Crabb Breen, Mary E. Sehl, Roger Shih, Peter Langfelder, Ruibin Wang, Steve Horvath, Jay H. Bream, Priya Duggal, Jeremy Martinson, Steven M. Wolinsky, Otoniel Martínez-Maza, Christina M. Ramirez, Beth D. Jamieson (2022). Accelerated aging with HIV occurs at the time of initial HIV infection. iScience, (), . PMC9308149
Journal Article
Higher soluble CD163 in blood is associated with significant depression symptoms in men with HIV
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2022
Nov 1
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35969468/
Background: People with HIV (PWH) are more likely to experience depression, a highly morbid disease. More evidence is needed to better understand mechanisms of depression in PWH. We evaluated a panel of blood biomarkers in relation to depression symptoms in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Setting: Four sites in the United States. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was performed within the MACS, a prospective study of cisgender men with and without HIV. Depression was assessed with the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale, and six blood biomarkers were measured: GlycA, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), CCL2, soluble CD14 (sCD14), and soluble CD163 (sCD163). Using univariable and multivariable logistic regression, the biomarkers and other factors were evaluated in relation to significant depression symptoms (SDS) by CES-D score ≥16. Results: 784 men were analyzed, the majority of whom (63%) were PWH. PWH were more likely
10.1097/QAI.0000000000003063
35969468
PMC9588493
HIV, depression, sCD163, antiretroviral therapy
Albert M Anderson, Fiona Bhondoekhan, Dusica Curanovic, Margery A Connelly, James D Otvos, Wendy S Post, Erin D Michos, Valentina Stosor, Andrew Levine, Eric Seaberg, Andrea M Weinstein, James T Becker (2022). Higher soluble CD163 in blood is associated with significant depression symptoms in men with HIV. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, (), . PMC9588493
Journal Article
Polypharmacy is Associated with Falls in Women With and Without HIV
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2022
July 1
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35333216/
Background: Aging in people with HIV is associated with increased risk of developing synergistic conditions such as neurocognitive impairment, polypharmacy, and falls. We assessed associations between polypharmacy (use of 5 or more non-ART medications), use of neurocognitive-adverse effects (NCAE) medications, and odds of falls in women with HIV (WWH) and without HIV (HIV-). Methods: Self-reported falls and medication use data were contributed semiannually by 1872 (1315 WWH, 557 HIV-) Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) participants between 2014 and 2016. Polypharmacy and NCAE medication use were evaluated separately and jointly in multivariable models to assess their independent contributions to single and multiple falls risk. Results: The proportion of women who reported any fall was similar by HIV status (19%). WWH reported both greater polypharmacy (51 % vs 41%; p<0.001) and NCAE medication use (44% vs 37%; p=0.01) than HIV- women. Polypharmacy conferred elevated odds of single
10.1097/QAI.0000000000002955
35333216
PMC9203977
fall, HIV, women, polypharmacy, neurocognitive impairment
Christina K Psomas, Donald R Hoover, Qiuhu Shi, Todd T Brown, David E Vance, Susan Holman, Michael W Plankey, Phyllis C Tien, Kathleen M Weber, Michelle Floris-Moore, Hector H Bolivar, Elizabeth T Golub, Marcia McDonnell Holstad, Kendra K Radtke, Bani Tamraz, Kristine M Erlandson, Leah H Rubin, Anjali Sharma (2022). Polypharmacy is Associated with Falls in Women With and Without HIV. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, (), . PMC9203977
Journal Article
Association of PTSD with Longitudinal COVID-19 Burden in a Mixed-Serostatus Cohort of Men and Women: Weathering the Storm
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2022
Aug 15
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35585664/
Objectives: This study of people with HIV (PWH) and those without HIV conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S. in 2020 examines the impact of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on COVID-19 burden, defined as pandemic-related disruptions. Methods: Data consisted of survey responses on PTSD among participants (N = 2434) enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) and the Women's Interagency HIV (WIHS) cohorts. Unadjusted and adjusted regression models were used to examine the association of PTSD with COVID-19 burden (overall and domain-specific burdens). Quasi-Poisson regression models were used to assess associations with the COVID-19 burden score and two domain-specific burdens: (1) changes in resources, and (2) interruptions in health care. Analyses adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, HIV serostatus, current smoking status, number of comorbidities, education, and study regions. Results: Study participants were a median age of 58 (IQR 52-65). In both bivariate and
10.1097/QAI.0000000000003006
35585664
PMC9283230
COVID-19, posttraumatic stress disorder, HIV, MACS, WIHS
Deborah L Jones, Yuehan Zhang, Violeta J Rodriguez, Sabina Haberlen, Catalina Ramirez, Adaora A Adimora, Daniel Merenstein, Bradley Aouizerat, Anjali Sharma, Tracey Wilson, Matthew J Mimiaga, Anandi N Sheth, Michael Plankey, Mardge H Cohen, Valentina Stosor, Mirjam-Colette Kempf, M Reuel Friedman (2022). Association of PTSD with Longitudinal COVID-19 Burden in a Mixed-Serostatus Cohort of Men and Women: Weathering the Storm. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, (), . PMC9283230
Journal Article
SARS-CoV-2 testing and positivity among persons with and without HIV in 6 United States cohorts
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2022
July 1
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35195574/
Background: It is not definitively known if people with HIV (PWH) are more likely to be SARS-CoV-2 tested or test positive than people without HIV (PWoH). We describe SARS-CoV-2 testing and positivity in 6 large geographically and demographically diverse cohorts of PWH and PWoH in the United States. Setting: The Corona-Infectious-Virus Epidemiology Team (CIVET) comprises five clinical cohorts within a health system (Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA; Kaiser Permanente Mid-Atlantic States, Rockville, MD; University of North Carolina Health, Chapel Hill, NC; Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Veterans Aging Cohort Study) and one interval cohort (MACS/WIHS Combined Cohort Study). Methods: We calculated the proportion of patients SARS-CoV-2 tested and the test positivity proportion by HIV status from March 1 to December 31, 2020. Results: The cohorts ranged in size from 1,675 to 31,304 PWH and 1,430 to 3,742,604 PWoH. The proportion of PWH who were tes
10.1097/QAI.0000000000002943
35195574
PMC9203911
COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, testing, HIV
Lesley S Park, Kathleen A McGinnis, Kirsha S Gordon, Amy C Justice, Wendy Leyden, Michael J Silverberg, Jacek Skarbinski, Celeena Jefferson, Michael Horberg, Julia Certa, Sonia Napravnik, Jessie K Edwards, Daniel Westreich, Lisa Bastarache, Srushti Gangireddy, Lorie Benning, Gypsyamber D'Souza, Carolyn Williams, Keri N Althoff (2022). SARS-CoV-2 testing and positivity among persons with and without HIV in 6 United States cohorts. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, (), . PMC9203911
Journal Article
Optimal lung cancer screening criteria among persons living with HIV
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2022
June 1
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35125470/
Background: The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2021 updated recommendations on lung cancer screening with chest computed tomography to apply to individuals 50-80 years of age (previously 55-80), with a ≥20 pack-year history (previously ≥30), whether currently smoking or quit ≤15 years ago. Despite being at higher risk for lung cancer, persons with HIV (PWH) were not well-represented in the National Lung Screening Trial, which informed the USPSTF 2013 recommendations. It is unknown/unclear how PWH are affected by the 2021 recommendations. Setting: This study was a retrospective analysis of PWH with and without lung cancer in the Women's Interagency HIV Study and the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Methods: We identified PWH, ages 40-80, who currently or previously smoked, with (cases) and without lung cancer (non-cases). The sensitivity and specificity of the old, new, and alternative screening criteria were evaluated in each cohort. Results: We identified 52 women and 19
10.1097/QAI.0000000000002930
35125470
PMC9203877
Lung cancer, HIV, AIDS, Lung cancer screening
Subhashini A Sellers, Andrew Edmonds, Catalina Ramirez, Sushma K Cribbs, Igho Ofotokun, Laurence Huang, Alison Morris, Meredith C Mccormack, Ken M Kunisaki, Gypsyamber D'souza, M Patricia Rivera, M Bradley Drummond, Adaora A Adimora (2022). Optimal lung cancer screening criteria among persons living with HIV. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, (), . PMC9203877
Journal Article
Intersectionality of Socioecological Factors Associated With Cognitive Function Among Older Women With HIV in the United States: A Structural Equation Model Analysis Using Data From the Women's Interagency HIV Study
J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care
2022
Dec 12
https://journals.lww.com/janac/fulltext/2023/02000/intersectionality_of_socioecological_factors.11.aspx
Increased life expectancy of people with HIV has health implications including the intersection of the long-term use of antiretroviral treatment, inflammatory events, and age-related immunosenescence. In a cross-sectional study utilizing using the Socio-Eecological Model, we identified pathways of cognitive function (CF) among 448 women with HIV, 50 years and older. A structural equation model showed the direct effects of mood (β = −0.25, p < .01), comorbidities (β = −-0.13, p < .05), race (β = −-0.13, p < .05), and abuse (β = 0.27, p < .001) on the latent variable CF. Substance and alcohol use, depressive symptoms, cigarette smoking, and the number of comorbidities are important considerations when designing interventions utilizing using a multi-level and intersectional lens to maximize positive CF outcomes.
10.1097/JNC.0000000000000376
36656093
PMC10079306
abuse, African American, Black, cognitive function, HIV, mood disorders, substance use, women with HIV
Njie-Carr, Veronica; Zhu, Shijun; Stafford, Kristen A.; Tong, Weiqun; Plankey, Michael; Sharma, Anjali; Milam, Joel; Cohen, Mardge; Diaz, Monica M.; Rubtsova, Anna A.; Fischl, Margaret A.; Konkle-Parker, Deborah; Gustafson, Deborah; Rubin, Leah H. (2022). Intersectionality of Socioecological Factors Associated With Cognitive Function Among Older Women With HIV in the United States: A Structural Equation Model Analysis Using Data From the Women's Interagency HIV Study. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care, (), . PMC10079306
Journal Article
Distinct Lipidomic Signatures in People Living With HIV: Combined Analysis of ACTG 5260s and MACS/WIHS
J Clin Endocrinol Metab
2022
Jan 1
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34498048/
Context: Disentangling contributions of HIV from antiretroviral therapy (ART) and understanding the effects of different ART on metabolic complications in persons living with HIV (PLHIV) has been challenging. Objective: We assessed the effect of untreated HIV infection as well as different antiretroviral therapy (ART) on the metabolome/lipidome. Methods: Widely targeted plasma metabolomic and lipidomic profiling was performed on HIV-seronegative individuals and people living with HIV (PLHIV) before and after initiating ART (tenofovir/emtricitabine plus atazanavir/ritonavir [ATV/r] or darunavir/ritonavir [DRV/r] or raltegravir [RAL]). Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis was used to assess metabolites/lipid subspecies that discriminated between groups. Graphical lasso estimated group-specific metabolite/lipid subspecies networks associated with the Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). Correlations between inflammatory markers and metabolites/
10.1210/clinem/dgab663
34498048
PMC8684537
HIV; lipidomics; lipogenesis; metabolomics.
Jennifer Jao, Lauren C Balmert, Shan Sun, Grace A McComsey, Todd T Brown, Phyllis C Tien, Judith S Currier, James H Stein, Yunping Qiu, Derek LeRoith, Irwin J Kurland (2022). Distinct Lipidomic Signatures in People Living With HIV: Combined Analysis of ACTG 5260s and MACS/WIHS. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, (), . PMC8684537
Journal Article
Long-term Trajectories of C-Reactive Protein Among Men Living With and Without HIV Infection in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci
2022
July 5
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34223896/
Background: C-reactive protein (CRP) is an inflammatory biomarker associated with all-cause mortality and morbidities such as cardiovascular disease. CRP is increased with HIV infection and thought to increase with age, though trajectories of CRP with aging have not been well characterized. We investigated trajectories of CRP in men from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, according to HIV infection and HIV viral load status. Methods: CRP measurements from 12 250 serum samples, provided by 2132 men over a span of 30 years, were categorized by HIV status at sample collection: HIV uninfected (HIV-, n = 1717), HIV infected with undetectable RNA (HIV+ suppressed, n = 4075), and detectable HIV RNA (HIV+ detectable, n = 6458). Age-related trajectories of CRP were fit to multivariable linear mixed models; we tested for differences in trajectories by HIV status. Results: CRP increased with age in all sample groups. HIV+ detectable and HIV+ suppressed samples had higher CRP than HIV- samples t
10.1093/gerona/glab190
34223896
PMC9255683
Aging; Biomarkers; CRP; Inflammation; Longitudinal.
Nikolas I Wada, Elizabeth C Breen, Wendy S Post, Valentina Stosor, Bernard J Macatangay, Joseph B Margolick (2022). Long-term Trajectories of C-Reactive Protein Among Men Living With and Without HIV Infection in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, (), . PMC9255683
Journal Article
Psychological Connection to the Gay Community and Negative Self-Appraisals in Middle-Aged and Older Men Who Have Sex with Men: The Mediating Effects of Fitness Engagement
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci
2022
Jan 12
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33945614/
Objectives: Connections to the gay community may elicit negative self-appraisals among men who have sex with men (MSM), which may be exacerbated for people with HIV (PWH). Fitness engagement may mediate self-appraisals by maintaining or improving appearance and health. We hypothesized that gay community connections would be positively related to negative self-appraisal and explored whether this association would be mediated by fitness engagement and moderated by HIV status. Method: Data were obtained from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Healthy Aging study (N = 1,026; PWH n = 525; people without HIV [PWOH] n = 501). Structural equation modeling (SEM) examined associations between gay community connections, negative self-appraisal (body image dissatisfaction, self-perception of aging), and fitness engagement (physical activity, motivation to be fit). Multiple-group SEM tested the moderating effects of HIV serostatus. Results: The SEM fit the data well (root mean square error of approximat
10.1093/geronb/gbab076
33945614
PMC8755915
Coping; HIV/AIDS; Sexual minority; Social support; Subjective age
Mark Brennan-Ing, Sabina Haberlen, Deanna Ware, James E Egan, Andre L Brown, Steven Meanley, Frank J Palella, Robert Bolan, Judith A Cook, Chukwuemeka N Okafor, M Reuel Friedman, Michael W Plankey (2022). Psychological Connection to the Gay Community and Negative Self-Appraisals in Middle-Aged and Older Men Who Have Sex with Men: The Mediating Effects of Fitness Engagement. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci, (), . PMC8755915
Journal Article
The IDOze Study: The Link between Sleep Disruption and Tryptophan-Kynurenine Pathway Activation in Women with HIV
J Infect Dis
2022
July 8
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35801535/
Background: Poor sleep is associated with HIV, particularly among women with HIV (WWH), although mechanisms are unclear. We explored cross-sectional associations between sleep disruption and tryptophan-kynurenine (T/K) pathway activation, measured by the kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio (K:T). Methods: HIV-uninfected women (HIV-) and WWH on stable antiretroviral therapy aged 35-70 were included. Sleep metrics were measured using wrist actigraphy. Plasma T/K pathway metabolites were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Multivariate linear regression models examined relationships between K:T and actigraphy-based sleep metrics by HIV status. Results: WWH (N = 153) and HIV- women (N = 151) were demographically similar. Among WWH, median CD4 was 751 cells/mm3; 92% had undetectable HIV RNA. Compared to HIV- women, WWH had higher K:T (p < 0.001) and kynurenine (p = 0.01) levels but similar tryptophan levels (p = 0.25). Higher K:T was associated with more wake bouts (
10.1093/infdis/jiac287
35801535
PMC9989737
3-Dioxygenase; HIV infection; IDO-1; Indoleamine 2; kynurenine; metabolomics; sleep; tryptophan; women.
Andrea C Rogando, Kathleen M Weber, Jiaqian Xing, Xiaonan Xue, Tsion Yohannes, Ralph Morack, Qibin Qi, Clary Clish, Kevin Bullock, Deborah Gustafson, Kathryn Anastos, Anjali Sharma, Helen J Burgess, Audrey L French (2022). The IDOze Study: The Link between Sleep Disruption and Tryptophan-Kynurenine Pathway Activation in Women with HIV. J Infect Dis, (), . PMC9989737
Journal Article
HIV Related Stigma among Healthcare Providers: Opportunities for Education and Training
J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care
2022
July 18
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35850610/
Background: HIV-stigma can influence engagement in care and viral suppression rates among persons living with HIV (PLWH). Understanding HIV-provider level stigma and its associated factors may aid in development of interventions to improve engagement in care. Methods: We assessed HIV-related stigma, provider knowledge, and practices and beliefs among healthcare providers using an online survey tool. Generalized linear modeling was used to determine factors associated with HIV-stigma score. Results: Among 436 participants, the mean age was 42.3 (SD 12.3), 70% female, 62% white, 65% physicians, and 44% worked at an academic center. The mean HIV Health Care Provider Stigma Scale (HPASS) score was 150.5 (SD 18.9, total = 180 [higher score = less stigma]) with factor subscale scores of 67.1 (SD 8.2, total = 78) prejudice, 51.3 (SD 9.7, total = 66) stereotyping, and 32.1 (SD 5, total = 36) discrimination. Female sex and comfort with talking about sex and drug use had 4.97 (95% CI 0.61, 9.32)
10.1177/23259582221114797
35850610
PMC9310064
HIV; healthcare provider; stigma.
Amanda Blair Spence, Cuiwei Wang, Katherine Michel, Joanne Michelle Ocampo, Michael Kharfen, Daniel Merenstein, Lakshmi Goparaju, Seble Kassaye (2022). HIV Related Stigma among Healthcare Providers: Opportunities for Education and Training. J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care, (), . PMC9310064
Journal Article
Perceptions of Anal Cancer Risk Among HIV-Positive and High-Risk HIV-Negative Women
J Low Genit Tract Dis
2022
Apr 1
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35019899/
Objectives: Women living with HIV (WLWH) have a greater risk of anal cancer than women without HIV; however, there are limited studies that examine awareness of anal cancer risk among WLWH and "high-risk" HIV-negative women. This study examines risk factors for anal cancer, perceptions of risk for anal cancer, and perceptions of anal cancer screening among a cohort of WLWH and high-risk HIV-negative women. Materials and methods: From the Atlanta, GA, and Bronx, NY, sites of the Women's Interagency HIV Study, 155 WLWH and HIV-negative women were enrolled and the Champion Health Belief Model Scale questionnaire measuring risk perceptions to anal cancer was administered to each participant. Results: The WLWH perceived anal cancer to be less serious and perceived facing fewer barriers to anal cancer screening than HIV-negative women (both p = .01). Older women (≥50 years) felt that they had less barriers to anal cancer screening (p = .047). Moreover, women who had less than a high school
10.1097/LGT.0000000000000652
35019899
PMC8940637
anal cancer, HIV, anal cytology, risk perceptions, cancer risk, health promotion, HPV knowledge, cancer prevention
Jessica Wells, Rasheeta Chandler, Lisa Flowers, Sudeshna Paul, Anjali Sharma, Nia Kalifa, Marcia Holstad (2022). Perceptions of Anal Cancer Risk Among HIV-Positive and High-Risk HIV-Negative Women. J Low Genit Tract Dis, (), . PMC8940637
Journal Article
CD4/CD8 Ratio and Cancer Risk Among Adults With HIV
J Natl Cancer Inst
2022
June 13
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35292820/#:~:text=The%20overall%20median%206%2Dmonth,interval%20%3D%201.14%20to%201.35%5D).
Background: Independent of CD4 cell count, a low CD4/CD8 ratio in people with HIV (PWH) is associated with deleterious immune senescence, activation, and inflammation, which may contribute to carcinogenesis and excess cancer risk. We examined whether low CD4/CD8 ratios predicted cancer among PWH in the United States and Canada. Methods: We examined all cancer-free PWH with 1 or more CD4/CD8 values from North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design observational cohorts with validated cancer diagnoses between 1998 and 2016. We evaluated the association between time-lagged CD4/CD8 ratio and risk of specific cancers in multivariable, time-updated Cox proportional hazard models using restricted cubic spines. Models were adjusted for age, sex, race and ethnicity, hepatitis C virus, and time-updated CD4 cell count, HIV RNA, and history of AIDS-defining illness. Results: Among 83 893 PWH, there were 5628 incident cancers, including lung cancer (n = 755), Kaposi sarcoma (n
10.1093/jnci/djac053
35292820
PMC9194634
Jessica L Castilho, Aihua Bian, Cathy A Jenkins, Bryan E Shepherd 3, Keith Sigel , M John Gill , Mari M Kitahata , Michael J Silverberg , Angel M Mayor , Sally B Coburn , Dorothy Wiley , Chad J Achenbach , Vincent C Marconi , Ronald J Bosch, Michael A Horberg , Charles S Rabkin , Sonia Napravnik , Richard M Novak , W Christopher Mathews , Jennifer E Thorne , Jing Sun , Keri N Althoff, Richard D Moore, Timothy R Sterling, Staci L Sudenga (2022). CD4/CD8 Ratio and Cancer Risk Among Adults With HIV. J Natl Cancer Inst, (), . PMC9194634
Journal Article
Integrase Inhibitors are Associated with Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Women with HIV
J Neuroimmune Pharmacol
2022
Feb 17
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35178611/
Women with HIV(WWH) are more likely to discontinue/change antiretroviral therapy(ART) due to side effects including neuropsychiatric symptoms. Efavirenz and integrase strand transfer inhibitors(INSTIs) are particularly concerning. We focused on these ART agents and neuropsychiatric symptoms in previously developed subgroups of WWH that differed on key sociodemographic factors as well as longitudinal behavioral and clinical profiles. WWH from the Women's Interagency HIV Study were included if they had ART data available, completed the Perceived Stress Scale-10 and PTSD Checklist-Civilian. Questionnaires were completed biannually beginning in 2008 through 2016. To examine ART-symptom associations, constrained continuation ratio model via penalized maximum likelihood were fit within 5 subgroups of WWH. Data from 1882 WWH contributed a total of 4598 observations. 353 women were previously defined as primarily having well-controlled HIV with vascular comorbidities, 463 with legacy effects(C
10.1007/s11481-021-10042-3
35178611
PMC9381649
Antiretroviral; HIV; Heterogeneity; PTSD; Stress; Women.
Leah H Rubin, Jane A O'Halloran, Dionna W Williams, Yuliang Li, Kathryn C Fitzgerald, Raha Dastgheyb, Alexandra L Damron, Pauline M Maki, Amanda B Spence, Anjali Sharma, Deborah R Gustafson, Joel Milam, Kathleen M Weber, Adaora A Adimora, Igho Ofotokun, Margaret A Fischl, Deborah Konkle-Parker, Yanxun Xu (2022). Integrase Inhibitors are Associated with Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Women with HIV. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol, (), . PMC9381649
Journal Article
The Effect of HIV/AIDS Infection on the Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19: A Meta-Analysis
J Pharm Pharm Sci
2022
June 1
https://scholar.google.com/scholar_url?url=https://journals.library.ualberta.ca/jpps/index.php/JPPS/article/download/32831/21678&hl=en&sa=X&d=17982782290687278298&ei=wECeYo6dA_eVy9YPyaCzyA4&scisig=AAGBfm0jX-67biNSJdP1XYMHJVqr0BuVpA&oi=scholaralrt&hist=qy53iVEAAAAJ:10889436117566094573:AAGBfm3ggvAGruo4oYy9Dz-P45r7kQq8Tw&html=&pos=0&folt=kw
Purpose: Patients with HIV may be more likely to become severely ill from COVID-19. The present meta-analysis aims to determine the impact of HIV/AIDS infection on the clinical outcomes of COVID-19. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed to identify relevant cohort studies to evaluate the association of HIV/AIDS infection with clinical outcomes of COVID-19. International databases, including PubMed (Medline), Web of Sciences, Scopus, and Embase, were searched from the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic until January 2022. We utilized the risk ratio (RR) with its 95% confidence interval (95% CI) to quantify the effect of cohort studies. Results: Twelve cohort studies were included in this meta-analysis, which examined a total number of 17,786,384 patients. Among them, 40,386 were identified to be HIV positive, and 17,745,998 were HIV negative. The pooled analyses showed HIV positive patients who were co-infected with SARS-CoV-2 were 58% more likely to develop a fever
https://doi.org/10.18433/jpps32831
35658962
Yousef Moradi, Marzieh Soheili, Hojat Dehghanbanada, Ghobad Moradi, Farhad Moradpour, Seyede Maryam, Mahdavi Mortazavi, Hamed Gilzad Kohan, Mostafa Zareie (2022). The Effect of HIV/AIDS Infection on the Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19: A Meta-Analysis. J Pharm Pharm Sci, (), .
Journal Article
Predictors and Consequences of Prescription Opioid Use in Women Living With and Without HIV: 20-Year Follow-Up
J Womens Health (Larchmt)
2022
Feb 28
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35230165/
Objective: To examine predictors and consequences of prescription opioid use among a cohort of women living with HIV (WLWH) and women without HIV from 2000 to 2019. Materials and Methods: The Women's Interagency HIV Study is a multisite, prospective cohort study. Cumulative proportion of visits with prescription opioid use was categorized as follows: minimal (0%-9%), intermediate (10%-39%), and chronic (>40%). Logistic regression examined independent predictors, and proportional hazards regression estimated unadjusted and adjusted hazards of all-cause mortality, comparing intermediate and chronic prescription opioid use with minimal use. Results: Annual prevalence of prescription opioid use significantly increased from 12.6% to 19.3% from 2000 to 2019 (p < 0.0001). Prescription opioid use was minimal in 75%, intermediate in 16%, and chronic in 9% of women. WLWH had 56% higher odds of chronic prescription opioid use compared with women without HIV. Even after adjusting for quality-of-li
10.1089/jwh.2021.0231
35230165
PMC9419927
HIV; mortality; opioids; women
Mardge H Cohen, Lorie Benning, Kathleen M Weber, Anjali Sharma, Michael Plankey, Mirjam-Colette Kempf, Tracey E Wilson, Brad Aouizerat, Joel Milam 9, Adaora A Adimora, Gina Wingood, Adam W Carrico (2022). Predictors and Consequences of Prescription Opioid Use in Women Living With and Without HIV: 20-Year Follow-Up. J Womens Health (Larchmt), (), . PMC9419927
Journal Article
The Association Between HIV Status, Estradiol, and Sex Hormone Binding Globulin Among Premenopausal Women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study
J Womens Health (Larchmt)
2022
Jan 17
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35041528/
Background: Characterizing estradiol among women with HIV may have implications for breast cancer and cardiovascular disease risk but has not been adequately explored. We quantified differences in total (E2), free (FE2) estradiol, and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) by HIV and viral suppression status. Methods: Women from a substudy (2003-2006) within the Women's Interagency HIV Study (IRB approved at each participating site) were included if they reported: a period in the last six months, were not pregnant/breastfeeding, no oophorectomy, and no exogenous hormone use in the prior year. Serum was collected on days 2-4 of the menstrual cycle. We assessed differences in biomarkers at 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles by HIV and viral suppression status using weighted quantile regression. Results: Among 643 women (68% with HIV) median age was 37 years. All E2 percentiles were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in women with suppressed viral load versus women without HIV (4-10 pg/mL). The 25
10.1089/jwh.2021.0276
35041528
PMC8864429
HIV; SHBG; estradiol; premenopausal women
Sally B Coburn, Jodie Dionne-Odom, Maria L Alcaide , Caitlin A Moran, Lisa Rahangdale, Elizabeth T Golub, Leslie Stewart Massad, Dominika Seidman, Katherine G Michel, Howard Minkoff, Kerry Murphy, Todd T Brown, Kala Visvanathan, Bryan Lau, Keri N Althoff (2022). The Association Between HIV Status, Estradiol, and Sex Hormone Binding Globulin Among Premenopausal Women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. J Womens Health (Larchmt), (), . PMC8864429
Journal Article
Association between HIV and prevalence and manifestations of asthma: Analysis of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and Women’s Interagency HIV Study
JAIDS
2022
Dec 15
https://journals.lww.com/jaids/Abstract/9900/Association_between_HIV_and_prevalence_and.105.aspx
BACKGROUND: The association between HIV and asthma prevalence and manifestations remains unclear, with few studies including women. SETTING: Retrospective observational cohort study from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and Women’s Interagency HIV. METHODS: Asthma was defined in two ways: (1) self-report, and (2) robust criteria requiring all of the following: lack of fixed airflow obstruction, presence of wheeze on St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), and report of asthma therapies. Estimates of asthma prevalence and asthma-related manifestations were compared by HIV serostatus. RESULTS: A total of 1,815 men and 2,122 women were included. Asthma prevalence did not differ between people with HIV (PWH) and people without HIV regardless of definition: self-report (men, 12.0% vs. 11.2%; women, 24.3% vs. 27.5%) and robust criteria (men, 5.0% vs. 3.4%; women, 12.8% vs. 13.2%). Among men with asthma, worse respiratory symptom burden was reported among those with HIV, regard
10.1097/QAI.0000000000003088
36083508
PMC9649933
asthma, HIV, lung diseases
Drummond, M. Bradley ; Edmonds, Andrew; Ramirez, Catalina ; Stosor, Valentina; Barjaktarevic, Igor; Morris, Alison; McCormack, Meredith C.; Bhatt, Surya P.; Alcaide, Maria L.; Cribbs, Sushma K. ; D'Souza, Gypsyamber; Bhandari, Neha; Kunisaki, Ken M. ; Huang, Laurence; Kassaye, Seble G.; Foronjy, Robert; Sharma, Anjali ; Westreich, Daniel J.; Adimora, Adaora A. (2022). Association between HIV and prevalence and manifestations of asthma: Analysis of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and Women’s Interagency HIV Study. JAIDS, (), . PMC9649933
Journal Article
Brief Report: Undercarboxylated osteocalcin is associated with cognition in women with and without HIV
JAIDS
2022
Oct 1
https://journals.lww.com/jaids/Abstract/9900/Undercarboxylated_osteocalcin_is_associated_with.68.aspx
Introduction: Bone loss and cognitive impairment are common in women living with HIV (WLWH) and are exacerbated by menopause. Bone-derived undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOCN) and sclerostin may influence cognition. The current study investigated whether the circulating levels of these proteins are associated with cognition in midlife WLWH and demographically similar HIV seronegative women. Methods: Plasma samples from women enrolled in a musculoskeletal (MSK) substudy within the Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) were used to measure ucOCN and sclerostin. A neuropsychological (NP) test battery assessing executive function, processing speed, attention/working memory, learning, memory, verbal fluency, and motor function was administered within 6 months of MSK enrollment and every two years after. A series of generalized estimating equations were conducted to examine the association between biomarkers and NP performance at the initial assessment and over time in the total sample an
10.1097/QAI.0000000000003043
36094482
PMC9470989
osteocalcin, sclerostin, cognition, bone, HIV
Ross Ryan, Olali Arnold Shi, Qiuhu, Hoover Donald, Sharma Anjali, Weber Kathleen, French, Audrey, McKay Heather7, Tien Phyllis, Yin Michael, Rubin Leah (2022). Brief Report: Undercarboxylated osteocalcin is associated with cognition in women with and without HIV. JAIDS, (), . PMC9470989
Journal Article
HIV Infection Does Not Explain Higher Nicotine Metabolism in People Living with HIV
JAIDS
2022
Dec 15
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36083509/
Background: Smoking contributes to significant morbidity and mortality in people with HIV. People with HIV have relatively high nicotine metabolism rates, as measured by the nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR, 3-hydroxycotinine/cotinine). A higher NMR is associated with difficulty quitting smoking. We hypothesized that HIV infection might upregulate nicotine metabolism. Setting: A retrospective study of male current smokers in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study who HIV seroconverted between 1985 and 1993. Methods: Eligibility included having plasma stored before and after confirmed HIV seroconversion and current tobacco use. Samples were selected from the closest available visits before (median 3.3 months) and after (median 9.4 months) seroconversion. Antiretroviral therapy use was exclusionary. Cotinine and 3-hydroxycotinine were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. We compared NMR from plasma pre-HIV and post-HIV infection using signed-rank tests. We targeted a
10.1097/QAI.0000000000003089
36083509
PMC9649853
Yotam Arens, Warren B. Bilker, Xiaoyan Han, Michael Plankey, Deanna Ware, M. Reuel Friedman, Gypsyamber D’Souza, Valentina Stosor, Steven Shoptaw, Robert A. Schnoll, Rachel F. Tyndale, Rebecca Ashare, Robert Gross (2022). HIV Infection Does Not Explain Higher Nicotine Metabolism in People Living with HIV. JAIDS, (), . PMC9649853
Journal Article
Analysis of Postvaccination Breakthrough COVID-19 Infections Among Adults With HIV in the United States
JAMA Netw Open
2022
June 1
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35671054/
Importance: Recommendations for additional doses of COVID-19 vaccines for people with HIV (PWH) are restricted to those with advanced disease or unsuppressed HIV viral load. Understanding SARS-CoV-2 infection risk after vaccination among PWH is essential for informing vaccination guidelines. Objective: To estimate the rate and risk of breakthrough infections among fully vaccinated PWH and people without HIV (PWoH) in the United States. Design, setting, and participants: This cohort study used the Corona-Infectious-Virus Epidemiology Team (CIVET)-II (of the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design [NA-ACCORD], which is part of the International Epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS [IeDEA]), collaboration of 4 prospective, electronic health record-based cohorts from integrated health systems and academic health centers. Adult PWH who were fully vaccinated prior to June 30, 2021, were matched with PWoH on date of full vaccination, age, race and ethnicity, and s
10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.15934
35671054
PMC9175076
Sally B Coburn, Elizabeth Humes, Raynell Lang , Cameron Stewart, Brenna C Hogan, Kelly A Gebo , Sonia Napravnik , Jessie K Edwards, Lindsay E Browne, Lesley S Park, Amy C Justice , Kirsha S Gordon , Michael A Horberg , Julia M Certa , Eric Watson, Celeena R Jefferson , Michael J Silverberg , Jacek Skarbinski , Wendy A Leyden, Carolyn F Williams, Keri N Althoff, (2022). Analysis of Postvaccination Breakthrough COVID-19 Infections Among Adults With HIV in the United States. JAMA Netw Open, (), . PMC9175076
Journal Article
Examining Stigma and Disclosure Among Women With HIV in the Southern United States: Qualitative Study Guided by the Adaptive Leadership Framework for Chronic Illness
JANAC
2022
July 21
https://journals.lww.com/janac/Abstract/9900/Examining_Stigma_and_Disclosure_Among_Women_With.19.aspx
Stigma is a fundamental cause of health inequities. Guided by the Adaptive Leadership Framework for Chronic Illness (ALFCI), this descriptive qualitative study explored the challenges of stigma and disclosure experienced by women with HIV (WWH) in the Southern United States. A convenience sample of 22 WWH aged 36 to 62 years were interviewed for this study. Analysis of participant interviews revealed that WWH face a multitude of stigma-related technical and adaptive challenges, which are consistent with the ALFCI. Once identified, technical challenges, such as recognizing the need for support, lack of trust, and fear of rejection, can be overcome by technical work, including providing assistance with HIV disclosure and building a trusted network. By identifying specific adaptive and technical challenges faced by WWH and engaging in technical and adaptive work, the WWH and the provider can reduce the fear of disclosure and the effect of stigma.
10.1097/JNC.0000000000000354
35862630
PMC10122520
adaptive leadership framework for chronic illness, disclosure, HIV, qualitative research, stigma, women with HIV
McMillian-Bohler; Jacquelyn M.; Holt, Adimora, Adaora; Bailey, Donald; E. Jr PhD, RN, FAAN; Johnson, Ragan; Koch, Amie; McGee, Kara; Ramirez, Catalina; Randolph, Schenita; Ritchwood, Tiarney; Relf, Michael (2022). Examining Stigma and Disclosure Among Women With HIV in the Southern United States: Qualitative Study Guided by the Adaptive Leadership Framework for Chronic Illness. JANAC, (), . PMC10122520
Journal Article
A Patient Decision Aid (i.ARTs) to Facilitate Women’s Choice Between Oral and Long-Acting Injectable Antiretroviral Treatment for HIV: Protocols for its Development and Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial
JMIR
2022
Sept 13
https://www.researchprotocols.org/2022/9/e35646/
Background: Many women with HIV (WWH) have suboptimal adherence to oral antiretroviral therapy (ART) due to multilevel barriers to HIV care access and retention. A long-acting injectable (LAI) version of ART was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in January 2021 and has the potential to overcome many of these barriers by eliminating the need for daily pill taking. However, it may not be optimal for all WWH. It is critical to develop tools that facilitate patient-provider shared decision making about oral versus LAI ART modalities to promote women’s adherence and long-term HIV outcomes. Objective: This study will develop and pilot test a web-based patient decision aid called i.ART+support (i.ARTs). This decision aid aims to support shared decision making between WWH and their providers, and help women choose between oral and LAI HIV treatment. Methods: The study will occur in 3 phases. In phase 1, we will utilize a mixed methods approach to collect data from WWH and medic
doi:10.2196/35646
36099004
PMC9516368
patient decision aid; HIV treatment; oral ART; long-acting injectable ART; study protocol; women’s health
Morgan M Philbin, Tara McCrimmon, Victoria A Shaffer, Deanna Kerrigan ; Margaret Pereyra ; Mardge H Cohen; Oluwakemi Sosanya, Anandi N Sheth, Adaora A Adimora, Elizabeth F Topper; Aadia Rana; Bani Tamraz 10 Author Orcid Image ; Lakshmi Goparaju; Tracey E Wilson, Maria Alcaide (2022). A Patient Decision Aid (i.ARTs) to Facilitate Women’s Choice Between Oral and Long-Acting Injectable Antiretroviral Treatment for HIV: Protocols for its Development and Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial. JMIR, (), . PMC9516368
Journal Article
Herpes Simplex Virus Glycoprotein D Antibodies Fail to Elicit Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity: Implications for Future Vaccines
Journal of Infectious Diseases
2022
July 14
https://academic.oup.com/jid/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/infdis/jiac284/6644507
Background The gD/AS04 vaccine failed to prevent HSV-2 in clinical trials. Failure was recapitulated in mice where the vaccine elicited neutralizing but not antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) responses. Preclinical findings suggest that ADCC is important for protection but there is limited clinical data. We hypothesized that gD/AS04 and acute HSV-2 infection elicit primarily neutralizing antibodies whereas ADCC emerges over time. Methods HSV-specific IgG, subclass, function (neutralization, C1q binding and ADCC), and antigenic targets were compared (paired t-test or Mann-Whitney) at enrollment and following gD/AS04 vaccination, before and after HSV-2 acquisition in vaccine controls, and in an independent cohort of chronic HSV-2 infection. Results Vaccination elicited only a neutralizing response whereas acute infection elicited neutralizing and C1q-binding antibodies but not a significant ADCC response. Antibodies to gD were exclusively IgG1 and only neutralizing. I
https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiac284
35834278
PMC10205893
Herpes simplex virus, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, vaccines, HIV
Aakash Mahant Mahant, Sandra Guerguis, Tamara P Blevins, Natalia Cheshenko, Wei Gao, Kathryn Anastos, Robert B Belshe, Betsy C Herold (2022). Herpes Simplex Virus Glycoprotein D Antibodies Fail to Elicit Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity: Implications for Future Vaccines . Journal of Infectious Diseases, (), . PMC10205893
Journal Article
Association of HIV Serostatus and Inflammation with Ascending Aortic Size
Journal of the American Heart Association
2022
March 15
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35253450/
Background The prevalence and extent of subclinical large vessel vasculopathy is not well defined among people living with HIV. We aimed to evaluate associations between aortic root and ascending aortic sizes measured by 2‐dimensional transthoracic echocardiography and HIV serostatus, and to identify risk factors for larger aortic sizes among men with HIV, including levels of circulating inflammatory markers. Methods and Results Using clinical and echocardiographic data from the MACS (Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study), adjusted multivariable linear and logistic regression was performed. Four segments of the proximal aorta were measured: aortic annulus, aortic root at the sinuses of Valsalva, sinotubular junction, and ascending aorta. HIV infection was associated with significantly larger aortic root (0.03 cm [95% CI, 0.002–0.06 cm]) and ascending aorta (0.04 cm [95% CI, 0.01–0.06 cm]) diameters. Higher standardized nadir CD4 (cluster of differentiation 4) T‐cell count was significantly a
10.1161/JAHA.121.023997
35253450
PMC9075303
aneurysm, aorta, echocardiography, HIV, inflammation, vascular disease
Anum S. Minhas, Wendy S. Post, Bin Liu, Henrique Doria De Vasconcellos, Sabina A. Haberlen, Matthew Feinstein, Valentina Stosor, Matthew Budoff, Kara W. Chew, Jared W. Magnani, Todd Brown, Joao A. C. Lima and Katherine C. Wu (2022). Association of HIV Serostatus and Inflammation with Ascending Aortic Size . Journal of the American Heart Association, (), . PMC9075303
Journal Article
Socioeconomic and psychosocial context of employment and occupational productivity among women living with HIV: A correlational study
Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care
2022
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8944186/
Employment is a social determinant of health, and women living with HIV (WLWH) are often underemployed. This correlational study examined the socioeconomic, psychosocial, and clinical factors associated with employment among WLWH (n = 1,357) and women at risk for HIV (n = 560). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to evaluate factors associated with employment status. Employment was associated (p ≤ .05) with better socioeconomic status and quality of life (QOL), less tobacco and substance use, and better physical, psychological, and cognitive health. Among WLWH, employment was associated (p ≤ .05) with improved adherence to HIV care visits and HIV RNA viral suppression. Using multivariable regression modeling, differences were found between WLWH and women at risk for HIV. Among WLWH, household income, QOL, education, and time providing childcare remained associated with employment in adjusted multivariable analyses (R2 = .272, p < .001). A better understanding of the psycho
10.1097/JNC.0000000000000297
34939986
PMC8944186
cohort study, employment, psychosocial, socioeconomic, women living with HIV
Jenni M. Wise, PhD, MSN, RN, Assistant Professor,* Andres Azuero, PhD, Director of Statistics, Deborah Konkle-Parker, PhD, FNP, FAAN, Professor, James L. Raper, PhD, CRNP, JD, FAANP, FAAN, Professor, Karen Heaton, PhD, FNP-BC, FAAN, Associate Professor, David E. Vance, PhD, Professor, Adaora A. Adimora, MD, MPH, Professor, Gina Wingood, ScD, MPH, Professor, Elizabeth Golub, PhD, MEd, MPH, Senior Lecturer, Susanna Levin, NP, Research Clinician, Tracey E. Wilson, PhD, Distinguished Service Professor, Daniel Merenstein, MD, Professor, Ed Yelin, PhD, Professor, Kathleen M. Weber, RN, MS, BSN, Consortium Director, Margaret Fischl, MD, FACP, Professor, and Mirjam-Colette Kempf, (2022). Socioeconomic and psychosocial context of employment and occupational productivity among women living with HIV: A correlational study. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care, (), . PMC8944186
Journal Article
Weight gain post-ART in HIV+ Latinos/as differs in the USA, Haiti, and Latin America
Lancet Reg Health Am
2022
April 8
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35528706/
Background: An obesity epidemic has been documented among adult Latinos/as in Latin America and the United States (US); however, little is known about obesity among Latinos/as with HIV (PWH). Moreover, Latinos/as PWH in the US may have different weight trajectories than those in Latin America due to the cultural and environmental contexts. We assessed weight and body mass index (BMI) trajectories among PWH initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) across 5 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean and the US. Methods: ART-naÿve PWH ≥18 years old, enrolled in Brazil, Honduras, Mexico, Peru, and Haiti (sites within CCA-SAnet) and the US (NA-ACCORD) starting ART between 2000 and 2017, with at least one weight measured after ART initiation were included. Participants were classified according to site/ethnicity as: Latinos/as in US, non-Latinos/as in US, Haitians, and Latinos/as in Latin America. Generalized least squares models were used to assess trends in weight and BMI. Models estimat
10.1016/j.lana.2021.100173
35528706
PMC9070999
Antiretroviral; Ethnicity; HIV; Latin America; Obesity; Weight gain
Lara E Coelho, Cathy A Jenkins, Bryan E Shepherd, Jean W Pape, Fernando Mejia Cordero, Denis Padgett, Brenda Crabtree Ramirez, Beatriz Grinsztejn, Keri N Althoff, John R Koethe , Vincent C Marconi, Phyllis C Tien , Amanda L Willig , Richard D Moore, Jessica L Castilho , Jonathan Colasanti, Heidi M Crane , M John Gill , Michael A Horberg , Angel Mayor, Michael J Silverberg , Catherine McGowan, Peter F Rebeiro (2022). Weight gain post-ART in HIV+ Latinos/as differs in the USA, Haiti, and Latin America. Lancet Reg Health Am, (), . PMC9070999
Journal Article
Long‑term intra‑ and inter‑individual biological variation of serum lipid of HIV‑infected and uninfected men participating in the Los Angeles Multi‑Center AIDS Cohort Study (MACS)
Lipids in Health and Disease
2022
July 27
https://lipidworld.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12944-022-01668-0
Background To assess the long-term biological coefficient of variation within individuals (CVI) and between individuals (CVG), effect of aging and cholesterol lowering drugs on blood levels of lipids in HIV-1-infected and -uninfected men. Methods Bloods were analyzed every six months over 17 years for total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in 140 HIV-uninfected (38–66 years old) and 90 HIV-treated infected (48–64 years old) white Caucasian men to examine CVI, CVG, and the effect of cholesterol lowering drugs (CLDs) on lipid levels, and estimated changes per year of biomarkers. Results With exception of HDL-C, the long term CVI compared with CVG were higher for serum levels of TC, TGs, and LDL-C in both HIV-1 infected and uninfected men not taking CLDs. Excluding results of TGs in HIV positive men, the CVI compared with CVG were lower for serum levels of TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C in both grou
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-022-01668-0
35897032
PMC9327155
Biological variation; CVG; CVI; Cholesterol; HDL-C; Triglycerides
Najib Aziz, David W. Gjertson, Matthew J. Mimiaga, Chantel D. Azarkman, Rey Soto, Nicole Alexopoulos & Roger Detels (2022). Long‑term intra‑ and inter‑individual biological variation of serum lipid of HIV‑infected and uninfected men participating in the Los Angeles Multi‑Center AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Lipids in Health and Disease, (), . PMC9327155
Journal Article
Mental Health of Emergency Department Healthcare Workers During COVID-19 in Brooklyn, New York
Medical Research Archives
2022
July 31
https://scholar.google.com/scholar_url?url=https://www.esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/download/2903/193546205&hl=en&sa=X&d=6552995919227015401&ei=WnjtYq6sHbeF6rQPsvaUyAw&scisig=AAGBfm3bxtMyjEXK9pvwMpO3TksoDSCzFQ&oi=scholaralrt&hist=qy53iVEAAAAJ:10889436117566094573:AAGBfm3ggvAGruo4oYy9Dz-P45r7kQq8Tw&html=&pos=0&folt=kw
Background. Maintaining good mental health among Emergency Department healthcare workers (ED HCW) is paramount to well-functioning healthcare. We measured mental health and COVID-19 symptoms in ED HCW at a COVID-19 epicenter. Methods. A cross-sectional, convenience sample of adult (>18 years) ED HCW in Brooklyn, New York, USA, who were employed at >50% of a fulltime effort, was surveyed September–December, 2020 with reference period March-May 2020. An anonymous email-distributed survey assessed gender, age, race, healthcare worker status (clinical versus non-clinical), SARS-CoV-2 testing, number of people to talk to, COVID-19-related home problems, mental health care interruption during COVID-19, loneliness, and survey date. Outcomes included symptoms of depression, psychological distress, perceived stress, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and resilience measured using validated scales. Results. Of 774 HCW, 247 (31.9%) responded (mean age 38.2±10.8 years; 59.4% White; 52
https://doi.org/10.18103 /mra.v10i7.2903
36465877
PMC9718537
Deborah R Gustafson, Recai Yucel, Samuel J Apple, Gianna Cirrone; Haoyuan Gao, Aaron J Huang; Xinrui, Ayesha Saad, Jeremy Wilson; Sarah Kabariti, Sergey Motov (2022). Mental Health of Emergency Department Healthcare Workers During COVID-19 in Brooklyn, New York. Medical Research Archives, (), . PMC9718537
Journal Article
UnPrEPed for HIV prevention services: Hesitancy among US primary care providers
Medicine (Baltimore)
2022
Oct 28
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36316940/
Provision of HIV prevention services by primary care (PCP) healthcare providers is critical to reduce the number of new HIV infections. We examined the performance of HIV risk assessments and provision of HIV prevention services by PCPs. In our cohort, less than one-half of respondents asked about sex and drug use all or most of the time, and among those that did not routinely ask about sex and drug use only 66% and 59%, respectively, would ask given more time. Less than a quarter of respondents noted that HIV prevention services were part of their clinical practice. These findings demonstrate gaps in the provision of HIV prevention services by a key population of healthcare providers.
10.1097/MD.0000000000031242
36316940
PMC9622673
HIV prevention, HIV risk assessment, PrEP, primary care
Amanda Blair Spence, Cuiwei Wang, Katherine G Michel, Daniel Merenstein, Michael Kharfen, Lakshmi Goparaju, Seble Kassaye (2022). UnPrEPed for HIV prevention services: Hesitancy among US primary care providers. Medicine (Baltimore), (), . PMC9622673
Journal Article
Premature and early menopause among US women with or at risk for HIV
Menopause: The journal of the North American menopause society
2022
June 1
https://journals.lww.com/menopausejournal/Abstract/9000/Premature_and_early_menopause_among_US_women_with.96791.aspx
Objective: Little is known about the prevalence and treatment of premature and early menopause among people with HIV. We described premature and early menopause and subsequent hormonal treatment in a longitudinal cohort of women living with or at risk for HIV in the US. Methods: Data from the Women's Interagency HIV Study between 2008 and 2020 were analyzed to describe premature and early menopause among cohort participants under the age of 51. Results: Of 3,059 eligible women during the study period, 1% (n = 35) underwent premature menopause before age 41, 3% (n = 101) underwent menopause between ages 41 and 46, and 21% (n = 442) underwent menopause between ages 46 and 50, inclusive. Of participants who experienced menopause before age 41, between age 41 and 45, and between ages 46 and 50, 51%, 24%, and 7% (respectively) received either menopausal hormone therapy or hormonal contraception. Conclusion: These findings suggest that disparities in receipt of recommended hormone the
https://doi.org/10.18103
35324546
PMC9177513
Early menopause , HIV , Menopausal hormone therapy , Premature menopause
Brooke W Bullington, Andrew Edmonds, Catalina Ramirez, Lisa Rahangdale, Genevieve Neal-Perry, Deborah Konkle-Parker, Deborah Jones Weiss, Caitlin Moran, Elizabeth Topper Golub, Helen Cejtin, Dominika Seidman, Seble Kassaye, Tracey E Wilson, Anjali Sharma, Adaora A Adimora, Andrea K Knittel (2022). Premature and early menopause among US women with or at risk for HIV. Menopause: The journal of the North American menopause society, (), . PMC9177513
Journal Article
Phenotype of disease specific CD4 T cells in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis
Nature Cardiovascular Research
2022
Design: An analysis of multicenter, observational cohort data from the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) collected between 1995 and 2019.
Hamed Gilzad Kohan (2022). Phenotype of disease specific CD4 T cells in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Nature Cardiovascular Research, (), .
Journal Article
Single cell transcriptomics and TCR reconstruction reveal CD4 T cell response to MHC-II-restricted APOB epitope in human cardiovascular disease
nature cardiovascular research
2022
May 12
https://www.nature.com/articles/s44161-022-00063-3
Plasma samples from women enrolled in a musculoskeletal (MSK) substudy within the Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) were used to measure ucOCN and sclerostin. A neuropsychological (NP) test battery assessing executive function, processing speed, attention/working memory, learning, memory, verbal fluency, and motor function was administered within 6 months of MSK enrollment and every two years after. A series of generalized estimating equations were conducted to examine the association between biomarkers and NP performance at the initial assessment and over time in the total sample and in WLWH only. Primary predictors included biomarkers, time, and biomarker by time interactions. If the interaction terms were not significant, models were re-run without interactions.
35990517
PMC9383695
Ryosuke Saigusa, Payel Roy, Antoine Freuchet, Rishab Gulati, Yanal Ghosheh, Sujit Silas Armstrong Suthahar, Christopher P. Durant, David B. Hanna, William B. Kiosses, Marco Orecchioni, Lai Wen, Runpei Wu, Mark H. Kuniholm, Alan L. Landay, Kathryn Anastos, Phyllis C. Tien, Stephen J. Gange, Seble Kassaye, Jenifer Vallejo, Catherine C. Hedrick, William W. Kwok, Alessandro Sette, Howard N. Hodis, Robert C. Kaplan, Klaus Ley (2022). Single cell transcriptomics and TCR reconstruction reveal CD4 T cell response to MHC-II-restricted APOB epitope in human cardiovascular disease. nature cardiovascular research, (), . PMC9383695
Journal Article
Factors associated with response to a phone-administered alcohol and substance use survey during the COVID-19 pandemic among women in the MACS/WIHS Combined Cohort Study: Who are we missing?
Open Forum Infectious Diseases
2022
Dec 15
https://academic.oup.com/ofid/article/9/Supplement_2/ofac492.1530/6903775
Background Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, many clinical studies pivoted to remote research visits, which have a higher non-response rate compared to in-person assessments. Survey non-response can bias estimates of alcohol and substance use prevalence. Our objective was to identify factors associated with responding to an alcohol and substance use phone survey administered during the COVID-19 pandemic to women enrolled in the MACS/WIHS Combined Cohort Study, a multicenter U.S. prospective cohort of adults living with and without HIV. Methods We assessed associations of pre-pandemic (April-Sept. 2019) sociodemographic factors, HIV status, housing status, depressive symptoms, alcohol use, and substance use measures with response to a pandemic (Aug.-Sept. 2020) phone survey using multivariable logistic regression. Response probability weights generated from the regression model were applied to the sample and prevalence estimates of risky drinking (> 7 drinks/week or > 3 drinks/day) and s
10.1093/ofid/ofac492.1530
PMC9752601
adult; alcohol consumption; Black person; Caucasian; cohort analysis; conference abstract; controlled study; coronavirus disease 2019; depression; disadvantaged population; drinking; ethnicity; female; Hispanic; housing; human; Human imm
Hannah R Tierney, Yifei Ma, Peter Bacchetti, Ralph J DiClemente, Mirjam-Colette Kempf, Deborah L Jones, Lauren F Collins, Adaora A Adimora, Aruna Chandran, Audrey L French, Amanda B Spence, Jack DeHovitz, Anjali Sharma, Judith A Hahn, Jennifer C Price, and Phyllis C Tien (2022). Factors associated with response to a phone-administered alcohol and substance use survey during the COVID-19 pandemic among women in the MACS/WIHS Combined Cohort Study: Who are we missing?. Open Forum Infectious Diseases, (), . PMC9752601
Journal Article
Cumulative Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 Viremia Is Associated With Increased Risk of Multimorbidity Among US Women With HIV, 1997-2019
Open Forum Infectious Diseases
2022
Dec 28
https://academic.oup.com/ofid/article/10/2/ofac702/6962137
Background To evaluate the effect of cumulative human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 viremia on aging-related multimorbidity among women with HIV (WWH), we analyzed data collected prospectively among women who achieved viral suppression after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation (1997–2019). Methods We included WWH with ≥2 plasma HIV-1 viral loads (VL) <200 copies/mL within a 2-year period (baseline) following self-reported ART use. Primary outcome was multimorbidity (≥2 nonacquired immune deficiency syndrome comorbidities [NACM] of 5 total assessed). The trapezoidal rule calculated viremia copy-years (VCY) as area-under-the-VL-curve. Cox proportional hazard models estimated the association of time-updated cumulative VCY with incident multimorbidity and with incidence of each NACM, adjusting for important covariates (eg, age, CD4 count, etc). Results Eight hundred six WWH contributed 6368 women-years, with median 12 (Q1–Q3, 7–23) VL per participant. At baseline, median age was 39
https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofac702
36751648
PMC9897021
cumulative HIV-1 viremia; multimorbidity; non-AIDS comorbidities; viremia copy-years; women with HIV
Zoey P Morton, C Christina Mehta, Tingyu Wang, Frank J Palella, Susanna Naggie, Elizabeth T Golub, Kathryn Anastos, Audrey L French, Seble Kassaye, Tonya N Taylor, Margaret A Fischl, Adaora A Adimora, Mirjam-Colette Kempf, Phyllis C Tien, Ighovwerha Ofotokun, Anandi N Sheth, Lauren F Collins (2022). Cumulative Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 Viremia Is Associated With Increased Risk of Multimorbidity Among US Women With HIV, 1997-2019. Open Forum Infectious Diseases, (), . PMC9897021
Journal Article
Bone, Brain, Heart study protocol: A resilient nested, tripartite prospective cohort study of the role of estrogen depletion on HIV pathology
PLOS ONE
2022
August 3
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0272608
Purpose We describe the rationale for and design of an innovative, nested, tripartite prospective observational cohort study examining whether relative estrogen insufficiency-induced inflammation amplifies HIV-induced inflammation to cause end organ damage and worsen age-related co-morbidities affecting the neuro-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (Brain), skeletal (Bone), and cardiovascular (Heart/vessels) organ systems (BBH Study). Methods The BBH parent study is the Multicenter AIDS Cohort/Women’s Interagency HIV Study Combined Cohort Study (MWCCS) with participants drawn from the Atlanta MWCCS site. BBH will enroll a single cohort of n = 120 women living with HIV and n = 60 HIV-negative women, equally distributed by menopausal status. The innovative multipart nested study design of BBH, which draws on data collected by the parent study, efficiently leverages resources for maximum research impact and requires extensive oversight and management in addition to careful implementation
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272608
35921353
PMC9348736
C. Christina Mehta ,Kimberly S. Hagen,Anna A. Rubtsova,Cecile D. Lahiri,Vasiliki Michopoulos,Caitlin A. Moran,Lisa B. Haddad,Kehmia Titanji,Lauren F. Collins,Arshed A. Quyyumi,Gretchen Neigh,Leslee J. Shaw,M. Neale Weitzmann,Lance Waller,Ighovwerha Ofotokun (2022). Bone, Brain, Heart study protocol: A resilient nested, tripartite prospective cohort study of the role of estrogen depletion on HIV pathology. PLOS ONE, (), . PMC9348736
Journal Article
Differences in COVID-19 testing and adverse outcomes by race, ethnicity, sex, and health system setting in a large diverse US cohort
PLOS ONE
2022
Nov 23
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0276742
Abstract Background Racial/ethnic disparities during the first six months of the COVID-19 pandemic led to differences in COVID-19 testing and adverse outcomes. We examine differences in testing and adverse outcomes by race/ethnicity and sex across a geographically diverse and system-based COVID-19 cohort collaboration. Methods Observational study among adults (≥18 years) within six US cohorts from March 1, 2020 to August 31, 2020 using data from electronic health record and patient reporting. Race/ethnicity and sex as risk factors were primary exposures, with health system type (integrated health system, academic health system, or interval cohort) as secondary. Proportions measured SARS-CoV-2 testing and positivity; attributed hospitalization and death related to COVID-19. Relative risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals quantified associations between exposures and main outcomes. Results 5,958,908 patients were included. Hispanic patients had the highest proportions of SARS-C
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0276742
36417366
PMC9683575
Celeena Jefferson ,Eric Watson ,Julia M. Certa ,Kirsha S. Gordon ,Lesley S. Park ,Gypsyamber D’Souza ,Lorie Benning ,Alison G. Abraham ,Deana Agil ,Sonia Napravnik ,Michael J. Silverberg ,Wendy A. Leyden ,Jacek Skarbinski ,Carolyn Williams ,Keri N. Althoff ,Michael A. Horberg (2022). Differences in COVID-19 testing and adverse outcomes by race, ethnicity, sex, and health system setting in a large diverse US cohort. PLOS ONE, (), . PMC9683575
Journal Article
Plasma metabolomic analysis indicates flavonoids and sorbic acid are associated with incident diabetes: A nested case-control study among Women's Interagency HIV Study participants
PLoS One
2022
July 8
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35802662/
Introduction: Lifestyle improvements are key modifiable risk factors for Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) however specific influences of biologically active dietary metabolites remain unclear. Our objective was to compare non-targeted plasma metabolomic profiles of women with versus without confirmed incident DM. We focused on three lipid classes (fatty acyls, prenol lipids, polyketides). Materials and methods: Fifty DM cases and 100 individually matched control participants (80% with human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]) were enrolled in a case-control study nested within the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Stored blood samples (1-2 years prior to DM diagnosis among cases; at the corresponding timepoint among matched controls) were assayed in triplicate for metabolomics. Time-of-flight liquid chromatography mass spectrometry with dual electrospray ionization modes was utilized. We considered 743 metabolomic features in a two-stage feature selection approach with conditional logistic regres
10.1371/journal.pone.0271207
35802662
PMC9269977
Elaine A Yu, José O Alemán, Donald R Hoover, Qiuhu Shi, Michael Verano, Kathryn Anastos, Phyllis C Tien, Anjali Sharma, Ani Kardashian, Mardge H Cohen, Elizabeth T Golub, Katherine G Michel, Deborah R Gustafson, Marshall J Glesby (2022). Plasma metabolomic analysis indicates flavonoids and sorbic acid are associated with incident diabetes: A nested case-control study among Women's Interagency HIV Study participants. PLoS One, (), . PMC9269977
Journal Article
Psychometric assessment of a homophobia management scale among sexual minority men in midlife and older adulthood
Psychol Sex Orientat Gend Divers.
2022
Sept 15
https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2023-01511-001
Interpersonal management of homophobic stigma (e.g., selectively constructing one’s social network; confronting stigma) is an understudied area of resilience among sexual minority people. Among a sample of cisgender sexual minority men (SMM; N = 798) in midlife and older adulthood, we assessed the psychometric properties and characterized the sociodemographic differences of our newly developed, theory-informed homophobia management scale. Data come from the Healthy Aging substudy of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, which is a prospective longitudinal study implemented to evaluate the natural trajectories of HIV risk and treatment among sexual minority men. Guided by the proactive coping processes model, the Healthy Aging team proposed eight items to measure homophobia management, which were included at four waves of survey data collection completed at semiannual study visits. Using factor analyses and linear regressions, we assessed our scale’s construct validity, convergent validity
https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000600
aging, gay and bisexual men, stigma, resilience, scale development
Meanley S, Brennan-Ing M, Cook JA, Brown AL, Haberlen SA, Palella FJ, Shoptaw SJ, Ware D, Egan JE, Friedman MR, Plankey MW (2022). Psychometric assessment of a homophobia management scale among sexual minority men in midlife and older adulthood. Psychol Sex Orientat Gend Divers., (), .
Journal Article
The Relationship between Serving as a Mentor and Depressive Symptoms among Sexual Minority Men in the MACS Healthy Aging Study
Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity
2022
Sept 29
https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2023-04138-001
Sexual minority men (SMM) in the United States are twice as likely to experience mental health challenges, including depressive symptoms, compared with their heterosexual counterparts. Having a like-mentor, or a sexual minority mentor, is associated with improved mental well-being among SMM mentees. However, few studies have explored the potential benefits to mentors. Using confirmatory factor analysis, we calculated a perceptions of mentoring score that encompasses experiences and beliefs regarding mentoring of SMM from the Healthy Aging Substudy of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. We used a generalized estimating equations model to assess associations between perceptions of mentoring and clinically significant depressive symptoms adjusted for key covariates; models were also stratified by HIV serostatus. Among 1,246 men aged 40 + years, the strongest agreement was with the statement “I have encouraged people to be proud of their sexual orientation,” for which 770 individuals (72%)
https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000605
39206120
PMC11352396
sexual minorities, like-mentoring, depressive symptoms
Chandran A, Haberlen S, Ware D, Meanley S, Brennan-Ing M, Brown AL, Teplin LA, Egan JE, Mimiaga MJ, Friedman MR, Plankey M (2022). The Relationship between Serving as a Mentor and Depressive Symptoms among Sexual Minority Men in the MACS Healthy Aging Study. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity , (), . PMC11352396
Journal Article
Glucocorticoid receptor function and cognitive performance in women with HIV
Psychosom Med
2022
Oct 1
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36044614/
Objective: Alterations in glucocorticoid receptor (GCR) function may be a risk factor for cognitive complications among older people with HIV. We evaluated whether HIV-serostatus and age modify the GCR function-cognition association among women. Methods: Eighty women with HIV (WWH; n = 40, <40 years of age [younger]; n = 40, >50 years [older]) and 80 HIV-uninfected women (n = 40 older, n = 40 younger) enrolled in the Women'sInteragency HIV Study completed a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) collected concurrent with neuropsychological testing were assessed for GCR function. Multivariable linear regression analyses were conducted to examine whether 1) HIV-serostatus and age were associated with GCR function and 2) GCR function-cognition associations are moderated by HIV-serostatus and age adjusting for relevant covariates. Results: Among older women, higher expression of baseline FKBP5 expression levels was associated with lower
10.1097/PSY.0000000000001126
36044614
PMC9553273
Leah H Rubin, Mandakh Bekhbat, Susie Turkson, C Christina Mehta, Pauline M Maki, Kathryn Anastos , Deborah Gustafson, Amanda B Spence, Joel Milam , Felicia C Chow, Kathleen Weber, Gayle Springer, Stephen J Gange, Gretchen N Neigh (2022). Glucocorticoid receptor function and cognitive performance in women with HIV. Psychosom Med, (), . PMC9553273
Journal Article
Accelerated aging with HIV begins at the time of initial HIV infection
ScienceDirect
2022
July 15
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589004222007593
Living with HIV infection is associated with early onset of aging-related chronic conditions, sometimes described as accelerated aging. Epigenetic DNA methylation patterns can evaluate acceleration of biological age relative to chronological age. The impact of initial HIV infection on five epigenetic measures of aging was examined before and approximately 3 years after HIV infection in the same individuals (n=102). Significant epigenetic age acceleration (median 1.9–4.8 years) and estimated telomere length shortening (all p≤ 0.001) were observed from pre-to post-HIV infection, and remained significant in three epigenetic measures after controlling for T cell changes. No acceleration was seen in age- and time interval-matched HIV-uninfected controls. Changes in genome-wide co-methylation clusters were also significantly associated with initial HIV infection (p≤ 2.0 × 10−4). These longitudinal observations clearly demonstrate an early and substantial impact of HIV infection on the epigen
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2023.107381
35880029
PMC9308149
Immunology, Human physiology, Epigenetics, Virology
Elizabeth Crabb Breen, Mary E. Sehl, Roger Shih, Peter Langfelder, Ruibin Wang, Steve Horvath, Jay H.Bream, Priya Duggal, Jeremy Martinson Steven M. Wolinsky, O tonielMartínez-Maza, Christina M. Ramirez, Beth D. Jamieson (2022). Accelerated aging with HIV begins at the time of initial HIV infection . ScienceDirect, 25(7), . PMC9308149
Journal Article
Methods for Home-based Self-Applied Polysomnography: The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
Sleep Advances
2022
April
https://academic.oup.com/sleepadvances/advance-article/doi/10.1093/sleepadvances/zpac011/6575758?login=true
Results: Social support was associated with lower TMT Part A scores at baseline and over the subsequent 2 years, indicating better psychomotor ability. Social support was associated with higher SDMT scores at baseline and across 2 years, indicating better information processing. We observed no association between social support and TMT B to A ratio at baseline or across 2 years, indicating no effect on set-shifting ability. Longitudinal cognition outcome trajectories did not vary by the level of baseline social support.
doi.org/10.1093/sleepadvances/zpac011
35601080
PMC9119085
Home testing, epidemiology, instrumentation
Naresh M Punjabi, Todd Brown, Rashmi N Aurora, Sanjay R Patel, Valentina Stosor, Hyong Jin Cho, Halla Helgadóttir, Jón Skírnir Ágústsson, Gypsyamber D’Souza, Joseph B Margolick (2022). Methods for Home-based Self-Applied Polysomnography: The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Sleep Advances, (), . PMC9119085
Journal Article
Association between BMI and periodontitis in women living with or at risk for HIV
Spec Care Dentist
2022
Mar 13
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35279851/
Aims: Currently, there is no data available assessing the association between body mass index (BMI) and periodontitis among women living with HIV (WLWH). This study aims to investigate this association among WLWH and women at risk for HIV (WRH) in the United States. Methods and results: Data from 351 WLWH and 52 WRH participants from the Women's Interagency HIV Study having pocket depths and clinical periodontal attachment loss assessments in 2003-2004 were included. Multinomial logistic regression analyses in the full sample assessed the relationship between BMI (underweight/normal, overweight, or obese) and periodontitis by severity (mild, moderate, severe), adjusting for study sites, age, education, annual household income, smoking, alcohol consumption, and diabetes. Overall, 75.2% women (76.0% WLWH; 69.0% WRH) had periodontitis. Moreover, 75.0% obese and 75.3% overweight women were affected by periodontitis. In the full sample, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of having mild, moderate, a
10.1111/scd.12711
35279851
PMC9867927
BMI; HIV; obesity; periodontal disease
Deepti A Janorkar, Dustin M Long, Kathleen M Weber, Anjali Sharma, Guo-Hao Lin, Gypsyamber D'Souza, Andrew Edmonds, Seble Kassaye, Cecile D Lahiri, Deborah Konkle-Parker (2022). Association between BMI and periodontitis in women living with or at risk for HIV. Spec Care Dentist, (), . PMC9867927
Journal Article
Diabetes in HIV: the Link to Weight Gain
SpringerLink
2022
Nov 23
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11904-022-00642-w
Purpose of Review The burden of metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is rising among persons with HIV (PWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART). This increase coincides with an aging population and a greater proportion who are overweight/obese. This review summarizes the changing epidemic of T2DM on contemporary ART, the role of weight gain, and therapeutic options. Recent Findings Recent studies confirm that PWH face an epidemic of obesity and T2DM, similar to the general population. Contemporary ART is associated with greater weight gain and may contribute to the risk of T2DM. Recent advances in medical weight loss therapy offer a way forward in the prevention and treatment of weight-associated T2DM. Summary Weight gain is one of the biggest contributors to T2DM in PWH. Future studies on the role of adipose tissue distribution, adipose tissue function and clinical use of effective weight loss medications may change the paradigm of care for PWH.
36418528
PMC10184162
Samuel S. Bailin & John R. Koethe (2022). Diabetes in HIV: the Link to Weight Gain. SpringerLink, (), . PMC10184162
Journal Article
Dynamic impairment classification through arrayed comparisons
Stat Med
2022
Nov 1
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36318895/
The multivariate normative comparison (MNC) method has been used for identifying cognitive impairment. When participants' cognitive brain domains are evaluated regularly, the longitudinal MNC (LMNC) has been introduced to correct for the intercorrelation among repeated assessments of multiple cognitive domains in the same participant. However, it may not be practical to wait until the end of study for diagnosis. For example, in participants of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), cognitive functioning has been evaluated repeatedly for more than 35 years. Therefore, it is optimal to identify cognitive impairment at each assessment, while the family-wise error rate (FWER) is controlled with unknown number of assessments in future. In this work, we propose to use the difference of consecutive LMNC test statistics to construct independent tests. Frequency modeling can help predict how many assessments each participant will have, so Bonferroni-type correction can be easily adapted. A c
10.1002/sim.9601
36318895
PMC9798442
cognitive impairment; dynamic classification; family-wise error rate; frequency modeling; multivariate mixed-effect model; sequential test.
Zheng Wang, Zi Wang, Lingyun Lyu , Yu Cheng , Eric C Seaberg, Samantha A Molsberry , Ann Ragin , James T Becker (2022). Dynamic impairment classification through arrayed comparisons . Stat Med, (), . PMC9798442
Journal Article
Jointly modeling of sleep variables that are objectively measured by wrist actigraphy
Statistics in Medicine
2022
April, 13
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/sim.9385
Recently developed actigraphy devices have made it possible for continuous and objective monitoring of sleep over multiple nights. Sleep variables captured by wrist actigraphy devices include sleep onset, sleep end, total sleep time, wake time after sleep onset, number of awakenings, etc. Currently available statistical methods to analyze such actigraphy data have limitations. First, averages over multiple nights are used to summarize sleep activities, ignoring variability over multiple nights from the same subject. Second, sleep variables are often analyzed independently. However, sleep variables tend to be correlated with each other. For example, how long a subject sleeps at night can be correlated with how long and how frequent he/she wakes up during that night. It is important to understand these inter-relationships. We therefore propose a joint mixed effect model on total sleep time, number of awakenings, and wake time. We develop an estimating procedure based upon a sequence of g
https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.9385
35417078
PMC9942772
compound Poisson gamma distribution, generalized linear mixed effects model, Poissondistribution with over-dispersion, Tweedie distribution
Xiaonan Xue, Simin Hua, Kathleen Weber, Qibin Qi, Robert Kaplan, Deborah R. Gustafson, Anjali Sharma, Audrey French, Helen J. Burgess (2022). Jointly modeling of sleep variables that are objectively measured by wrist actigraphy. Statistics in Medicine, (), . PMC9942772
Journal Article
Differences in Muscle Quantity and Quality by HIV Serostatus and Sex
The Journal of Frailty & Aging
2022
Feb 17
https://link.springer.com/article/10.14283/jfa.2022.11
Objective People with HIV (PWH) experience greater declines in both muscle function and muscle mass with aging. Whether changes in muscle quality and quantity with aging differ between men and women with HIV and the implications on muscle function are not established. Design In coordinated substudies of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and Women’s Interagency HIV Study, participants completed physical function and falls assessments; total trunk/thigh density, inversely related to fatty infiltration, and area were quantified from computed tomography (CT) scans. Methods Generalized linear models were used to explore variables affecting density/area, and associations between area/density and physical function and falls. Results CT scans were available on 387 men (198 PWH) and 184 women (118 PWH). HIV serostatus was associated with greater lateralis, paraspinal, and hamstring area, but lower psoas area and density. Older age and female sex were associated with smaller trunk muscle area
https://doi.org/10.14283/jfa.2022.11
35799438
PMC9334131
frail, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, sarcopenia, falls, accidental
Kristine M. Erlandson, S. Langan, J. E. Lake, J. Sun, A. Sharma, S. Adrian, A. Scherzinger, F. Palella, L. Kingsley, S. J. Gange, P. C. Tien, M. T. Yin & T. T. Brown (2022). Differences in Muscle Quantity and Quality by HIV Serostatus and Sex. The Journal of Frailty & Aging, (), . PMC9334131
Journal Article
Common and Divergent Features of T Cells from Blood, Gut, and Genital Tract of Antiretroviral Therapy–Treated HIV+ Women
The Journal of Immunology
2022
March 16
https://www.jimmunol.org/content/early/2022/03/16/jimmunol.2101102.abstract
T cells residing in mucosal tissues play important roles in homeostasis and defense against microbial pathogens. The gut and female reproductive tract (FRT) are both tolerogenic environments, but they differ in the kinds of foreign Ags they need to tolerate. How these different environments influence the properties of their T cells is poorly understood, but important for understanding women’s health. We recruited antiretroviral therapy–suppressed women living with HIV who donated, within one visit, blood and tissue samples from the ileum, colon, rectosigmoid, endometrium, endocervix, and ectocervix. With these samples, we conducted 36-parameter cytometry by time of flight phenotyping of T cells. Although gut and FRT T cells shared features discriminating them from their blood counterparts, they also harbored features distinguishing them from one another. These included increased proportions of CD69+ T resident memory cells of the T effector memory phenotype, as well as preferential coe
https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.2101102
35296537
PMC8976750
Guorui Xie, Sara Moron-Lopez, David A. Siegel, Kailin Yin, Anastasia Polos, Jennifer Cohen, Ruth M. Greenblatt, Phyllis C. Tien, Sulggi A. Lee, Steven A. Yukl and Nadia R. Roan (2022). Common and Divergent Features of T Cells from Blood, Gut, and Genital Tract of Antiretroviral Therapy–Treated HIV+ Women. The Journal of Immunology, (), . PMC8976750
Journal Article
Insights into HIV-1 Transmission Dynamics Using Routinely Collected Data in the Mid-Atlantic United States
Viruses
2022
December 25
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36680108/
Background: Molecular epidemiological approaches provide opportunities to characterize HIV transmission dynamics. We analyzed HIV sequences and virus load (VL) results obtained during routine clinical care, and individual’s zip-code location to determine utility of this approach. Methods: HIV-1 pol sequences aligned using ClustalW were subtyped using REGA. A maximum likelihood (ML) tree was generated using IQTree. Transmission clusters with ≤3% genetic distance (GD) and ≥90% bootstrap support were identified using ClusterPicker. We conducted Bayesian analysis using BEAST to confirm transmission clusters. The proportion of nucleotides with ambiguity ≤0.5% was considered indicative of early infection. Descriptive statistics were applied to characterize clusters and group comparisons were performed using chi-square or t-test. Results: Among 2775 adults with data from 2014−2015, 2589 (93%) had subtype B HIV-1, mean age was 44 years (SD 12.7), 66.4% were male, and 25% had nucleotide ambigui
10.3390/v15010068
36680108
PMC9863702
molecular epidemiology; phylogenetic analysis; transmission networks; regional transmission dynamics; HIV drug resistance; clinical and phylogenetic data combined; contact tracing tool
Seble G. Kassaye, Zehava Grossman, Priyanka Vengurlekar, William Chai, Megan Wallace, Soo-Yon Rhee, William A. Meyer III , Harvey W. Kaufman, , Amanda Castel, Jeanne Jordan,Keith A. Crandall, Alisa Kang , Princy Kumar, David A. Katzenstein 5, Robert W. Shafer and Frank Maldarelli (2022). Insights into HIV-1 Transmission Dynamics Using Routinely Collected Data in the Mid-Atlantic United States. Viruses, (), . PMC9863702
Journal Article
Lifetime sexual violence exposure in women compromises systemic innate immune mediators associated with HIV pathogenesis: A cross-sectional analysis
Womens Health
2022
Jan-Dec
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35579000/
Objectives: Violence and HIV/AIDS syndemic highly prevalent among women impairs HIV prevention efforts. Prolonged exposure to violence results in physical trauma and psychological distress. Building on previous findings regarding genital immune dysregulation following sexual abuse exposure, we investigate here whether systemic changes occur as well. Methods: Using the Women's Interagency HIV Study repository, 77 women were stratified by HIV serostatus and categorized into four subgroups: (1) no sexual abuse history and lower depression score (Control); (2) no sexual abuse history but higher depression score (Depression); (3) high sexual abuse exposure and lower depression score (Abuse); (4) high sexual abuse exposure and higher depression score (Abuse + Depression). Inflammation-associated immune biomarkers (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1α, IL-1β, TGF-β, MIP-3α, IP-10, MCP-1, and Cathepsin-B) and anti-inflammatory/anti-HIV biomarkers (Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor, Elafin, human beta-defe
10.1177/17455057221099486
35579000
PMC9118419
Depression; HIV in women; Innate immunity; Lifetime sexual abuse; Plasma secretome; Systemic immune mediators; Violence in women.
Jason Daniels, Annette Aldous, Maria Pyra, Yu Xia, Monika Juzumaite, Mariel Jais, Samuel Simmens, Kerry Murphy, Tonya N Taylor, Seble Kassaye, Lorie Benning, Mardge H Cohen, Kathleen M Weber, Mimi Ghosh (2022). Lifetime sexual violence exposure in women compromises systemic innate immune mediators associated with HIV pathogenesis: A cross-sectional analysis . Womens Health, (), . PMC9118419
Journal Article
Impacts of Medicaid Expansion on Health Insurance and Coverage Transitions among Women with or at Risk for HIV in the United States
Womens Health Issues
2022
May 11
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1049386722000275
Background: As employment, financial status, and residential location change, people can gain, lose, or switch health insurance coverage, which may affect care access and health. Among Women's Interagency HIV Study participants with HIV and participants at risk for HIV attending semiannual visits at 10 U.S. sites, we examined whether the prevalence of coverage types and rates of coverage changes differed by HIV status and Medicaid expansion in their states of residence. Methods: Geocoded addresses were merged with dates of Medicaid expansion to indicate, at each visit, whether women lived in Medicaid expansion states. Age-adjusted rate ratios (RRs) and rate differences of self-reported insurance changes were estimated by Poisson regression. Results: From 2008 to 2018, 3,341 women (67% Black, 71% with HIV) contributed 43,329 visits at aged less than 65 years (27% under Medicaid expansion). Women with and women without HIV differed in their proportions of visits at which no coverage (1
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2022.03.003
35562308
PMC9532344
Andrew Edmonds, Nadya Belenky, Adebola A. Adedimeji, Mardge H. Cohen, Gina Wingood, Margaret A. Fischl, Elizabeth T. Golub, Mallory O. Johnson, Daniel Merenstein, Joel Milam, Deborah Konkle-Parker, Tracey E. Wilson, Adaora A. Adimora (2022). Impacts of Medicaid Expansion on Health Insurance and Coverage Transitions among Women with or at Risk for HIV in the United States. Womens Health Issues, (), . PMC9532344
Journal Article
Obesity, Vascular Disease and Frailty in Aging Women with HIV
Adv Geriatr Med Res
2021
June 22
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34368807/
Women with chronic HIV infection (WWH) living in the United States, experience a disproportionately high rate of obesity compared to uninfected populations. Both overweight and obesity, particularly central obesity, are major contributors to insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia-the major components of metabolic syndromes, including type 2 diabetes, and leading to increased cardiovascular risk, including coronary heart disease, and cerebrovascular diseases. Notably, declining physical performance and frailty co-occur with vascular morbidities as well as changes in bone. These factors tend to exacerbate each other and accelerate the aging trajectory, leading to poorer quality of life, cognitive impairments, dementia, and eventually, death. In WWH, persistent HIV infection, sustained treatment for HIV infection, and concomitant obesity, may accelerate aging-related morbidities and poorer aging outcomes. Furthermore, health disparities factors common among some WWH, are indep
10.20900/agmr20210014
34368807
PMC8345026
HIV; aging; bone; cardiovascular disease; frailty; obesity
Deborah R Gustafson, Samy I McFarlane (2021). Obesity, Vascular Disease and Frailty in Aging Women with HIV. Adv Geriatr Med Res, 3(3), . PMC8345026
Journal Article
The combined effects of age and HIV on the anatomic distribution of cortical and cancellous bone in the femoral neck among men and women
AIDS
2021
Sep 2
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34482349/
Objective: To investigate HIV- and age- related differences in hip bone structure in men and women. Design: Cross sectional study of bone structure and HIV serostatus. Methods: We used Quantitative Computed Tomography (QCT) data from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) and Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) to examine cortical thickness (CT) and cortical (CBMD), trabecular TBMD), and integral (IBMD) bone mineral density across anatomic quadrants of the femoral neck in older adult men who have sex with men (MSM) and women with (PWH) and without (PWOH) HIV infection. The percent difference (%diff) in the means for CT and BMD overall and by quadrant between PWH and PWOH were estimated. Results: Among 322 MSM (median age 60 years) with bone measures, distributions were similar between HIV serostatus groups with %diff in the quadrant means ranging from -7% to -1% for CT and from -1% to 4% for BMD, and overall lower hip cortical thickness than expected. In contrast, in 113 women (m
10.1097/QAD.0000000000003061
34482349
PMC8649032
aging, bone, HIV, MSM, women
Alison G Abraham, Jing Sun, Anjali Sharma, Michael T Yin, J Keenan Brown, Shadpour Demehri, Joshua Garza, Jayesh G Shah, Frank J Palella, Lawrence Kingsley, Beth D Jamieson, Keri N Althoff, Todd T Brown (2021). The combined effects of age and HIV on the anatomic distribution of cortical and cancellous bone in the femoral neck among men and women. AIDS, (), . PMC8649032
Journal Article
Decreases in markers of monocyte/macrophage activation after hepatitis C eradication in HIV/hepatitis C virus coinfected women
AIDS
2021
Jul 15
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33710024/
Objective: Eradication of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in HIV disease decreases liver and non-liver-related morbidity and mortality. Elevated markers of monocyte/macrophage activation (soluble CD163 and sCD14) are associated with excess non-AIDS morbidity and mortality in HIV. We examined the effect of HCV eradication on these markers in relation to change in hepatic fibrosis. Design: A nested substudy within a longitudinal observational cohort. Methods: We studied 126 HIV/HCV-coinfected women successfully treated for HCV, with undetectable HCV RNA at least 12 weeks after therapy completion. sCD163 and sCD14 were measured in serum collected before and after HCV eradication. Results were correlated with changes in markers of hepatic fibrosis. Results: Mean age of participants was 56.3 years, mean CD4+ cell count was 615, and 72% had suppressed HIV RNA. After treatment, sCD163 and sCD14 levels significantly decreased from pre-treatment levels in unadjusted analyses. After adjusting for age
10.1097/QAD.0000000000002869
33710024
PMC8845487
hepatitis C virus, HIV, immune activation, liver fibrosis, microbial translocation, sCD14, sCD163
Audrey L French, Dara Grennan, Elizabeth Daubert, Eric C Seaberg, Marion Peters, Michael Augenbraun, Margaret Fischl, Seble Kassaye, Ricardo Franco, Mark Kuniholm, Adaora A Adimora, Kimberly Workowski, Kathleen M Weber (2021). Decreases in markers of monocyte/macrophage activation after hepatitis C eradication in HIV/hepatitis C virus coinfected women. AIDS, 35(9), 1433-1438. PMC8845487
Journal Article
Molecular profiling of breast and lung cancer in women with HIV reveals high tumor mutational burden
AIDS
2021
Dec 6
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34873086/
Objective: This study compared the mutation profile and tumor mutational burden (TMB) in women living with HIV (WLWH) diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma (n = 8) or breast ductal neoplasm (n = 13) that were enrolled into the Women's Interagency and HIV Study (WIHS). Design: Previous studies tend to focus on single-institutions based on sample availability, while this study is based on a representative, multi-center cohort that represents the racial and ethnic composition of women with HIV in the United States. Methods: The study sequenced the complete human exome of n = 26 cancer samples from HIV+ women, using Ion torrent next generation sequencing. The study cohort was compared to a HIV- cohort obtained from the Genomic Data Commons Data Portal of the NCI.HIV+ and HIV- cohorts were compared using ion torrent next-generation sequencing. Results: There were no differences in known cancer mutations between breast cancer and lung cancer that developed in WLWH and those that developed in
10.1097/QAD.0000000000003144
34873086
PMC8881359
breast, exome, high-throughput nucleotide sequencing, lung, mutation, women
Carolina Caro-Vegas, Catalina Ramirez, Justin Landis, Adaora A Adimora, Howard Strickler, Audrey L French, Igho Ofotokun, Margaret Fischl, Eric C Seaberg, Chia-Ching J Wang, Amanda B Spence, Dirk P Dittmer (2021). Molecular profiling of breast and lung cancer in women with HIV reveals high tumor mutational burden. AIDS, (), . PMC8881359
Journal Article
Using HIV neuropsychological classification methods to predict employment status
AIDS
2021
Sep 1
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34397484/
10.1097/QAD.0000000000002946
34397484
PMC8371715
cognitive efficiency, cognitive impairment, HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder, misclassification, productivity, work
David E Vance, James T Becker (2021). Using HIV neuropsychological classification methods to predict employment status. AIDS, 35(11), 1859-1861. PMC8371715
Journal Article
Factors associated with worse cerebrovascular function in aging women with and at risk for HIV
AIDS
2021
Feb 2
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33229895/
Objective: Women may be disproportionately impacted by the negative effect of HIV on cerebrovascular risk. We examined the association of HIV, sex, menopause, and immune activation with cerebrovascular function among women with HIV (WWH) and at risk for HIV from the Women's Interagency HIV Study and men with HIV. Design: Cross-sectional. Methods: Participants were aged at least 40 years with coronary heart disease or at least one cardiometabolic risk factor. All persons with HIV were on antiretroviral therapy with undetectable viral load. Cerebral vasoreactivity was assessed by the transcranial Doppler breath-holding test, with lower vasoreactivity corresponding to worse cerebrovascular function. Menopausal status was determined by anti-Müllerian hormone level. We used mixed effects linear regression to identify factors associated with cerebral vasoreactivity. Results: Mean cerebral vasoreactivity was similar in WWH (n = 33) and women at risk for HIV (n = 16). A trend toward higher
10.1097/QAD.0000000000002755
33229895
PMC7789911
cardiovascular risk, cerebral vasoreactivity, cerebrovascular function, HIV, stroke, women
Felicia C Chow , Yifei Ma, Maura Manion, Adam Rupert, Geralyn Lambert-Messerlian, Cheryl D Bushnell, Marcelle I Cedars, Irini Sereti, Farzaneh A Sorond, Priscilla Y Hsue, Phyllis C Tien (2021). Factors associated with worse cerebrovascular function in aging women with and at risk for HIV. AIDS, 35(2), 257-266. PMC7789911
Journal Article
Cardiovascular risk score associations with frailty in men and women with or at risk for HIV
AIDS
2021
Oct 20
https://journals.lww.com/aidsonline/Abstract/9000/Cardiovascular_risk_score_associations_with.96288.aspx
Objective: To understand the relationship between cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and frailty among men (MLWH) and women living with HIV (WLWH), or at risk for HIV. Design: We considered 10-year coronary heart disease and atherosclerotic CVD risk by Framingham risk score (FRS, 2001 National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Program III) and Pooled Cohort Equations (PCE, 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association) in relation to the Fried Frailty Phenotype (FFP) in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) and Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). Methods: FFP was ascertained in MACS from 2004 to 2019 and in WIHS from 2005 to 2006 and 2011–2019. FFP score at least three of five components defined frailty. Repeated measures logistic regression (both cohorts) and Cox proportional hazards regression (MACS) were performed, controlled for education, income, cholesterol medication and hepatitis C virus serostatus, and among MLWH and WLWH, CD4+ cell count/
10.1097/QAD.0000000000003107
34934019
PMC8711611
cardiovascular risk, cohort, frailty, HIV, men, women
Kuniholm, Mark H.; Vásquez, Elizabeth; Appleton, Allison A.; Kingsley, Lawrence; Palella, Frank J.; Budoff, Matthew; Michos, Erin D.; Fox, Erving; Jones, Deborah; Adimora, Adaora A.; Ofotokun, Igho; D'souza, Gypsyamber; Weber, Kathleen M.; Tien, Phyllis C.; Plankey, Michaelm; Sharma, Anjalin; Gustafson, Deborah R. (2021). Cardiovascular risk score associations with frailty in men and women with or at risk for HIV. AIDS, (), . PMC8711611
Journal Article
Risk for incident diabetes is greater in prediabetic men with HIV than without HIV
AIDS
2021
Aug 1
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33859110/
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a major comorbidity in people with HIV (PWH). Hyperglycemia below diabetic range defines prediabetes (prediabetes mellitus). We compared the progression from prediabetes mellitus to diabetes mellitus in PWH and people without HIV (PWOH). Methods: Fasting glucose was measured semiannually in the MACS since 1999. Men with prediabetes mellitus (fasting glucose between 100 and 125 mg/dl, confirmed within a year by fasting glucose in the prediabetes mellitus range or HbA1c between 5.7 and 6.4%) were included. The first visit with prediabetes mellitus was the baseline visit. Incident diabetes mellitus was defined as fasting glucose at least 126 mg/dl, confirmed at a subsequent visit, or self-reported diabetes mellitus, or use of anti-diabetes mellitus medication. We used binomial transition models to compare the progression from prediabetes mellitus to diabetes mellitus by HIV serostatus, adjusted for age, number of previous prediabetes mellitus to diabetes
10.1097/QAD.0000000000002922
33859110
PMC8898036
HIV-infected patients, incident diabetes, Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, prediabetes
Laurence Slama, Benjamin W Barrett, Alison G Abraham, Frank J Palella Jr, Lawrence Kingsley, Jean Paul Viard, Jordan E Lake, Todd T Brown, Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) (2021). Risk for incident diabetes is greater in prediabetic men with HIV than without HIV. AIDS, 35(10), 1605-1614. PMC8898036
Journal Article
Ventricular ectopy and arrhythmia by HIV serostatus, viremia, and CD4+ cell count
AIDS
2021
Apr 1
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33724260/
10.1097/QAD.0000000000002820
33724260
PMC7970630
Matthew J Feinstein, Sabina A Haberlen, Hiroshi Ashikaga, Frank J Palella, Jared W Magnani, Matthew Budoff, Kathryn Berlacher, Gypsyamber D'Souza, Todd Brown, Wendy S Post, Katherine C Wu (2021). Ventricular ectopy and arrhythmia by HIV serostatus, viremia, and CD4+ cell count. AIDS, 35(5), 846-849. PMC7970630
Journal Article
Risk of smoking-related cancers among women and men living with and without hiv
AIDS
2021
Jan 1
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33048871/
Objectives: We investigated whether the effect of smoking on the incidence of smoking-related cancers differs by HIV-infection status, if sex modifies the impact of risk factors for smoking-related cancers, and the sex-specific attributable risk of smoking on cancer incidence. Design: Data from two large prospective studies in the United States were analyzed: 6,789 men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study from 1984-2018 and 4,423 women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study from 1994-2018. Methods: Incidence rates (IRs), relative risks, and adjusted population attributable fractions (PAFs) were calculated for smoking-related cancers. Results: During study follow-up, there were 214 incident smoking-related cancers in the men and 192 in the women. The age-adjusted IRs for smoking-related cancers were higher in the women (392/100,000) than for the men (198/100,000; p < 0.01) and higher for people living with HIV (PLWH, 348/100,000) than for those without HIV (162/100,000; p < 0.01). Unad
10.1097/QAD.0000000000002717
33048871
PMC7718307
cancer, HIV infection, incidence, risk factors, sex differences, smoking
Nancy A Hessol, Benjamin W Barrett, Joseph B Margolick, Michael Plankey, Shehnaz K Hussain, Eric C Seaberg, L Stewart Massad (2021). Risk of smoking-related cancers among women and men living with and without hiv. AIDS, 35(1), 101-114. PMC7718307
Journal Article
HIV, hepatitis C virus and risk of new-onset left ventricular dysfunction in women
AIDS
2021
Aug 1
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33859109/
Background: HIV and HCV have each been linked with cardiac dysfunction. Studies of HIV have often lacked appropriate controls and primarily involved men, whereas data for HCV are sparse. Methods: We performed repeat echocardiography over a median interval of 12 years in participants from the Women's Interagency HIV Study in order to evaluate the relationships of HIV and HCV with incident left ventricular (LV) dysfunction (systolic or diastolic). Results: Of the 311 women included (age 39 ± 9), 70% were HIV-positive and 20% HCV-positive. Forty three participants (13.8%) developed LV dysfunction, of which 79.1% was diastolic. Compared with participants with neither infection, the group with HIV--HCV coinfection showed a significantly increased risk of incident LV dysfunction after adjustment for risk factors [RR = 2.96 (95% CI = 1.05-8.31)], but associations for the HCV monoinfected and HIV monoinfected groups were not statistically significant [RR = 2.54 (0.83-7.73) and RR = 1.66 (0.6
10.1097/QAD.0000000000002920
33859109
PMC8286303
hepatitis C virus, HIV, left ventricular dysfunction
Sanyog G Shitole, Jason M Lazar, David B Hanna, Ryung S Kim, Kathryn Anastos, Mario J Garcia, Phyllis C Tien, João A C Lima, Robert C Kaplan, Jorge R Kizer (2021). HIV, hepatitis C virus and risk of new-onset left ventricular dysfunction in women. AIDS, 35(10), 1647-1655. PMC8286303
Journal Article
The association of adipose tissue area with subclinical coronary atherosclerosis progression in men with and without HIV
AIDS
2021
Dec 1
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34870934/
NA
10.1097/QAD.0000000000003042
34870934
PMC8756769
Sudipa Sarkar, Fiona Bhondoekhan, Sabina Haberlen, Frank J Palella Jr, Lawrence A Kingsley, Matthew Budoff, Mallory D Witt, Wendy S Post, Todd T Brown (2021). The association of adipose tissue area with subclinical coronary atherosclerosis progression in men with and without HIV. AIDS, (), . PMC8756769
Journal Article
HIV serostatus and incident coronary artery stenosis in men with a baseline zero coronary artery calcium
AIDS
2021
Oct 1
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34471076/
Conclusion: Among women with treated HIV, those with hypertension, compared with those without, had an increased 1-year risk of all-cause mortality.
10.1097/QAD.0000000000002991
34471076
PMC8496999
Sudipa Sarkar, Sabina Haberlen, Thomas S Metkus, Lawrence Kingsley, Matthew Budoff, Mallory D Witt, Frank J Palella, Wendy S Post, Todd T Brown (2021). HIV serostatus and incident coronary artery stenosis in men with a baseline zero coronary artery calcium. AIDS, 35(12), 2061-2063. PMC8496999
Journal Article
Psychosocial Mechanisms of Self-rated Successful Aging with HIV: A Structural Equation Model
AIDS Behav
2021
Jun 11
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34115265/
This study tested a conceptual psychosocial model of self-rated successful aging (SRSA) with HIV. Our sample (n = 356) included older women living with HIV (OWLH): average age 56.5 years, 73% Black. SRSA was assessed using a research-based 10-point scale (higher scores = better outcomes). We conducted adjusted structural equation modeling. The global model included two latent variables-protective attributes (composite of positive psychosocial factors: resilience, personal mastery, optimism, spirituality) and psychological distress (composite of negative psychosocial factors: anxiety, depression, loneliness, internalized HIV-related stigma). The model showed good fit (χ2(58) = 76, p = 0.06; RMSEA = 0.03; CFI = 0.99). Increased protective attributes were associated with improved SRSA both directly and mediated by improved coping with stress. While psychological distress did not have a direct effect on SRSA, it was indirectly associated with worsened SRSA via diminished protective attribu
10.1007/s10461-021-03340-7
34115265
PMC8978972
Aging well; HIV/AIDS; Healthy aging; Older adults; Positive psychosocial factors; Structural equation modeling
Anna A Rubtsova, Gina Wingood, Ighovwerha Ofotokun, C Christina Mehta, Deborah Gustafson, David E Vance, Anjali Sharma, Adaora A Adimora, Marcia Holstad (2021). Psychosocial Mechanisms of Self-rated Successful Aging with HIV: A Structural Equation Model. AIDS Behav, 25(9), 2875-2885. PMC8978972
Journal Article
Intensity of Social Support Matters: A Latent Class Analysis to Identify Levels of Social Support Associated with Optimal Health Outcomes Among Women Living with HIV
AIDS Behav
2021
Jul 21
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34287753/
Social support is associated with improved HIV care and quality of life. We utilized latent class analysis to identify three classes of baseline emotional and tangible perceived social support, termed "Strong", "Wavering" and "Weak". "Weak" vs. "Strong" perceived social support was associated over time with an 8% decreased risk of optimal antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence for emotional and 6% decreased risk for tangible perceived social support. Importantly, "Wavering" vs "Strong" social support also showed a decreased risk of ART adherence of 6% for emotional and 3% for tangible support. "Strong" vs. "Weak" perceived support had a similar association with undetectable viral load, but the association for "Strong" vs. "Wavering" support was not statistically significant. Intensity of social support is associated with HIV care outcomes, and strong social support may be needed for some individuals. It is important to quantify the level or intensity of social support that is needed to
10.1007/s10461-021-03377-8
34287753
PMC8776899
Adherence; HIV; Latent Class Analysis; Social Support; Viral Load; WIHS
Aruna Chandran, Fiona Bhondoekhan, Tracey E Wilson, Joel Milam, Mardge H Cohen, Adaora A Adimora, Adebola Adedimeji, Jennifer Cocohoba, Carrigan Parish, Marcia Holstad, Seble Kassaye, Mirjam-Colette Kempf (2021). Intensity of Social Support Matters: A Latent Class Analysis to Identify Levels of Social Support Associated with Optimal Health Outcomes Among Women Living with HIV. AIDS Behav, (), . PMC8776899
Journal Article
Patient Health Literacy and Communication with Providers Among Women Living with HIV: A Mixed Methods Study
AIDS Behav
2021
Oct 12
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34642834/
In this mixed-methods study, we examine the relationship between provider communication and patient health literacy on HIV continuum of care outcomes among women living with HIV in the United States. We thematically coded qualitative data from focus groups and interviews (N = 92) and conducted mediation analyses with quantitative survey data (N = 1455) collected from Women's Interagency HIV Study participants. Four qualitative themes related to provider communication emerged: importance of respect and non-verbal cues; providers' expressions of condescension and judgement; patient health literacy; and unclear, insufficient provider communication resulting in diminished trust. Quantitative mediation analyses suggest that higher health literacy is associated with higher perceived patient-provider interaction quality, which in turn is associated with higher levels of trust in HIV providers, improved antiretroviral medication adherence, and reduced missed clinical visits. Findings indicate
10.1007/s10461-021-03496-2
34642834
PMC9001740
African American; HIV; Health communication; Health literacy; Latina
Henna Budhwani, C Ann Gakumo, Ibrahim Yigit, Whitney S Rice, Faith E Fletcher, Samantha Whitfield, Shericia Ross, Deborah J Konkle-Parker, Mardge H Cohen, Gina M Wingood, Lisa R Metsch, Adaora A Adimora, Tonya N Taylor, Tracey E Wilson, Sheri D Weiser, Oluwakemi Sosanya, Lakshmi Goparaju, Stephen Gange, Mirjam-Colette Kemp, Bulent Turan, Janet M Turan (2021). Patient Health Literacy and Communication with Providers Among Women Living with HIV: A Mixed Methods Study. AIDS Behav, (), . PMC9001740
Journal Article
Mental health, coping, and social support among people living with HIV in the Americas: A comparative study between Argentina and the USA during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
AIDS Behav
2021
Feb 25
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33236005/
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic pose significant risk to mental health and may disproportionately affect people living with HIV (PLWH). This study examined the interaction of social support and resilient coping in predicting depressive symptoms among PLWH. Methods : PLWH residing in Buenos Aires, Argentina and in Miami, Florida (US) were asked to complete an anonymous survey on the impact of COVID-19. Statistical analysis included ordinary least squares regression. Results: A total of 1,554 participants were included. Mean age was 47.30 years; 63.7 % were men. A test of three-way interaction of social support resilient coping study site indicated differences by site (b = -0.63.862, p = .043010, 95% CI [-1.24, -0.02.205, 1.52]). In Argentina, at higher social support and resilient coping, depressive symptoms were lowest. At lower social support and resilient coping, depressive symptoms were highest. Discussion: The impact of COVID-19 on mental health illustrates the need to develop in
10.21203/rs.3.rs-109131/v1
33630198
PMC7905200
Mental health HIV Social support Comparative Argentina USA COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
Jones DL, Ballivian J, Rodriguez VJ, Uribe C, Cecchini D, Salazar AS, Cassetti I, Alcaide ML (2021). Mental health, coping, and social support among people living with HIV in the Americas: A comparative study between Argentina and the USA during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. AIDS Behav, (), . PMC7905200
Journal Article
Long-Acting Injectable ART and PrEP Among Women in Six Cities Across the United States: A Qualitative Analysis of Who Would Benefit the Most
AIDS Behav
2021
Oct 14
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34648131/
Long-acting injectable (LAI) modalities have been developed for ART and PrEP. Women face unique barriers to LAI use yet little research has examined women's perceptions of potential LAI HIV therapy candidates. We conducted 89 in-depth interviews at six Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) sites with women living with HIV (n = 59) and HIV-negative women (n = 30) from 2017 to 2018. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic content analysis. Participants identified specific sub-populations who could most benefit from LAI over daily pills: (1) young people; (2) women with childcare responsibilities; (3) people with adherence-related psychological distress; (4) individuals with multiple sex partners; and (5) people facing structural insecurities such as homelessness. Women are underserved by current HIV care options and their perspectives are imperative to ensure a successful scale-up of LAI PrEP and LAI ART that prioritizes equitable access and benefit for all indi
10.1007/s10461-021-03483-7
34648131
PMC8940643
Antiretroviral therapy (ART); HIV/AIDS; Long-acting injectable (LAI); Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP); Qualitative research; Women
Morgan M Philbin, Sadie Bergen, Carrigan Parish, Deanna Kerrigan, Elizabeth N Kinnard, Sarah Reed, Mardge H Cohen, Oluwakemi Sosanya, Anandi N Sheth, Adaora A Adimora, Jennifer Cocohoba, Lakshmi Goparaju, Elizabeth T Golub, Michael Vaughn, José I Gutierrez Jr, Margaret A Fischl, Maria Alcaide, Lisa R Metsch (2021). Long-Acting Injectable ART and PrEP Among Women in Six Cities Across the United States: A Qualitative Analysis of Who Would Benefit the Most. AIDS Behav, (), . PMC8940643
Journal Article
Feasibility and Acceptability of a Program to Promote Positive Affect, Well-Being and Gender Empowerment in Black Women Living with HIV
AIDS Behav
2021
Jan 2
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33389322/
While programs and interventions intended to increase positive affect among people living with HIV (PLWH) and other chronic diseases have been associated with improved health outcomes, including decreased depression, programs have not been tailored specifically for Black women. We tailored a program designed to increase positive affect and to decrease depressive symptoms in PLWH to a group format for Black WLWH. We also added skills to increase gender empowerment. We then tested the acceptability and feasibility of this program with 8 Black WLWH. The program was acceptable and relatively feasible, as assessed by women's participation and feedback about program clarity and helpfulness, which women rated above 9 on a 10-point scale. A few women suggested that optimal delivery point for some skills taught would be shortly after HIV diagnosis. A proof-of-concept program intended to bolster positive emotions and gender empowerment and decrease depression can be tailored for Black WLWH and i
10.1007/s10461-020-03103-w
33389322
PMC7778488
Gender empowerment; HIV; Positive affect; Proof-of-concept; Women
S M Bassett, L R Brody, D C Jack, K M Weber, M H Cohen, T M Clark, S K Dale, J T Moskowitz (2021). Feasibility and Acceptability of a Program to Promote Positive Affect, Well-Being and Gender Empowerment in Black Women Living with HIV. AIDS Behav, 25(6), 1737-1750. PMC7778488
Journal Article
Living With HIV During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Impacts for Older Adults in Palm Springs, California
AIDS Educ Prev
2021
Aug
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34370567/
We conducted surveys in March 2020 with 100 older adults living in Palm Springs, CA, to (1) report the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their day-to-day well-being and (2) describe the factors related to missing HIV medication during the pandemic. Respondent's mean age was 64.2 and the majority identified as White, men, and gay. The majority stated that the pandemic had impacted their lives "much," "very much," or "extremely." One-third experienced financial challenges and 46.0% experienced disruptions to health care. Almost a quarter (24.0%) reported missing a dose of their HIV medication during the pandemic. Compared to those ages 64+, younger respondents were more likely to report some negative impacts like changes in sleep patterns, financial challenges, and missed HIV medication doses, and had higher PTSD severity scores. In adjusted logistic regression, higher PTSD severity scores and disruption to health care were associated with missed doses of medications (ps < .05).
10.1521/aeap.2021.33.4.265
34370567
PMC8496895
PTSD; financial challenges; missed medication; pandemic; public health crisis
Annie L Nguyen, Mariam Davtyan, Jeff Taylor, Christopher Christensen, Michael Plankey, Stephen Karpiak, Brandon Brown (2021). Living With HIV During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Impacts for Older Adults in Palm Springs, California. AIDS Educ Prev, 33(4), 265-275. PMC8496895
Journal Article
Viral Suppression Is Associated with HIV Treatment Self-Efficacy in a Cohort of Women in Washington, DC
AIDS Patient Care STDS
2021
Mar 9
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33689457/
The goal of HIV treatment is viral suppression as it is linked with improved health outcomes and decreased risk of viral transmission. We assessed the sociodemographic, behavioral, and patient-provider interaction associations with viral suppression with an administered survey to HIV-seropositive women in the metropolitan Washington, DC, site of the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) between 2017 and 2018. Logistic and mixed models were used to explore related factors between HIV viral suppression groups and HIV treatment self-efficacy, respectively. Higher HIV treatment self-efficacy and disclosure concerns were positively associated with viral suppression, while illicit drug use had a negative association. In mixed models, more health care provider trust was associated with higher HIV treatment self-efficacy, while depressive symptoms were associated with lower HIV treatment self-efficacy. Depression, illicit substance use, and HIV treatment self-efficacy are potentially modifiable
10.1089/apc.2020.0224
33689457
PMC7987352
HIV treatment adherence; HIV treatment self-efficacy; depression; viral suppression
Amanda Blair Spence, Katherine Michel, Cuiwei Wang, Mary Ann Dutton, Kathryn Lee, Daniel Merenstein, Lucile Adams-Campbell, Katheryn Bell, Anjali Kikkisetti, Allison Doyle, Mikayla Cochrane, Lakshmi Goparaju, Seble Kassaye (2021). Viral Suppression Is Associated with HIV Treatment Self-Efficacy in a Cohort of Women in Washington, DC. AIDS Patient Care STDS, 35(3), 75-83. PMC7987352
Journal Article
Examining the Relationships Between Experienced and Anticipated Stigma in Health Care Settings, Patient-Provider Race Concordance, and Trust in Providers Among Women Living with HIV
AIDS Patient Care STDS
2021
Nov
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34739336/
Stigma in health care settings can have negative consequences on women living with HIV, such as increasing the likelihood of missed visits and reducing trust in their clinical providers. Informed by prior stigma research and considering knowledge gaps related to the effect of patient-provider race concordance, we conducted this study to assess if patient-provider race concordance moderates the expected association between HIV-related stigma in health care settings and patients' trust in their providers. Moderation analyses were conducted using Women's Interagency HIV Study data (N = 931). We found significant main effects for patient-provider race concordance. Higher experienced stigma was associated with lower trust in providers in all patient-provider race combinations [White-White: B = -0.89, standard error (SE) = 0.14, p = 0.000, 95% confidence interval, CI (-1.161 to -0.624); Black patient-White provider: B = -0.19, SE = 0.06, p = 0.003, 95% CI (-0.309 to -0.062); and Black-Black:
10.1089/apc.2021.0096
34739336
PMC8817693
HIV; WIHS; health equity; moderation analysis; race; women living with HIV
Henna Budhwani, Ibrahim Yigit, Igho Ofotokun, Deborah J Konkle-Parker, Mardge H Cohen, Gina M Wingood, Lisa R Metsch, Adaora A Adimora, Tonya N Taylor, Tracey E Wilson, Sheri D Weiser, Mirjam-Colette Kempf, Oluwakemi Sosanya, Stephen Gange, Seble Kassaye, Bulent Turan, Janet M Turan (2021). Examining the Relationships Between Experienced and Anticipated Stigma in Health Care Settings, Patient-Provider Race Concordance, and Trust in Providers Among Women Living with HIV. AIDS Patient Care STDS, 35(11), 441-448. PMC8817693
Journal Article
High Provider Trust Associates with High HIV Antiretroviral Adherence Among Women Living with HIV in a Metropolitan Washington, DC Cohort
AIDS Patient Care STDS
2021
Dec 15
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34910888/
Trust in providers and health care systems (HCSs) has been associated with higher HIV antiretroviral (ART) adherence; however, most previous studies enrolled primarily men and did not concurrently assess provider trust, HCS distrust, and clinical/biological outcomes. We enrolled 239 Washington, DC Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) women: 167 with HIV (WWH) and 72 without HIV. In 2006 and 2017-2018, women completed surveys on provider trust and HCS distrust. Clinical, social, and demographic covariates were obtained during the 2017-2018 WIHS study visit. Descriptive analyses included chi-squared and Mann-Whitney tests. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests assessed trust measure change over time. Logistic (provider trust) and linear (HCS distrust) models were constructed in R. The majority of women were African American/black (76.9%) with a median age of 52 (interquartile range 48, 58) and currently insured (99.6%). In multi-variable analyses, women with HIV (WWH) had higher odds of high provid
10.1089/apc.2021.0110
34910888
PMC8905303
antiretroviral therapy; human immunodeficiency virus; medication adherence; trust; women.
Katherine G Michel, Joanne Michelle F Ocampo, Amanda Blair Spence, Cuiwei Wang, Anjali Kikkisetti, Allison Doyle, Daniel Merenstein, Lakshmi Goparaju, Seble G Kassaye (2021). High Provider Trust Associates with High HIV Antiretroviral Adherence Among Women Living with HIV in a Metropolitan Washington, DC Cohort. AIDS Patient Care STDS, (), . PMC8905303
Journal Article
A Qualitative Exploration of Women's Interest in Long-Acting Injectable Antiretroviral Therapy Across Six Cities in the Women's Interagency HIV Study: Intersections with Current and Past Injectable Medication and Substance Use
AIDS Patient Care STDS
2021
Jan 4
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33400587/
Medications for antiretroviral therapy (ART) and preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) are currently daily pill regimens, which pose barriers to long-term adherence. Long-acting injectable (LAI) modalities have been developed for ART and PrEP, but minimal LAI-focused research has occurred among women. Thus, little is known about how women's history of injection for medical or nonmedical purposes may influence their interest in LAI. We conducted 89 in-depth interviews at 6 sites (New York, NY; Chicago, IL; San Francisco, CA; Atlanta, GA; Chapel Hill, NC; Washington, DC) of the Women's Interagency HIV study. Interviews occurred with women living with HIV (n = 59) and HIV-negative women (n = 30) from November 2017 to October 2018. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic content analysis. Women's prior experiences with injections occurred primarily through substance use, physical comorbidities, birth control, or flu vaccines. Four primary categories of women emerged; th
10.1089/apc.2020.0164
33400587
PMC7826427
HIV; antiretroviral therapy; long-acting injectable; women
Morgan M Philbin, Carrigan Parish, Sadie Bergen, Deanna Kerrigan, Elizabeth N Kinnard, Sarah E Reed, Mardge H Cohen, Oluwakemi Sosanya, Anandi N Sheth, Adaora A Adimora, Jennifer Cocohoba, Lakshmi Goparaju, Elizabeth T Golub, Margaret Fischl, Maria L Alcaide, Lisa R Metsch (2021). A Qualitative Exploration of Women's Interest in Long-Acting Injectable Antiretroviral Therapy Across Six Cities in the Women's Interagency HIV Study: Intersections with Current and Past Injectable Medication and Substance Use. AIDS Patient Care STDS, 35(1), 23-30. PMC7826427
Journal Article
Weight and body mass index change after switching to integrase inhibitors or tenofovir alafenamide among women living with HIV
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2021
Jan 12
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33231474/
Weight and body mass index (BMI) change was assessed among women after switch to integrase inhibitors (INSTIs) and/or tenofovir alafenamide (TAF). From 2006 to 2019, 1,458 women living with HIV enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study and on antiretroviral therapy (ART) with ≥1 study visit before and after switching to INSTIs and/or TAF were included. Weight and BMI were compared pre- and postswitch to INSTI (by class and type) and/or TAF using multivariable linear mixed effects models; all models were also stratified by preswitch presence or absence of obesity (BMI ≥30 vs. <30 kg/m2). Mean age preswitch was 47 ± 6 years, 64% were black, mean CD4 = 475 ± 201 cells/mm3, 56% had HIV RNA <200 copies/mL, 36% switched to TAF but not INSTI, 60% to INSTI but not TAF, and 3.5% to TAF+INSTI. Time from pre- to postswitch was 12.8 ± 11.8 months. The INSTI-only group but not TAF groups had small but significant increases in weight and BMI: mean 79.2-80.6 kg and 30.2-30.7 kg/m2, p's < .001, re
10.1089/AID.2020.0197
33231474
PMC8213005
HIV; body mass index; body weight; integrase inhibitors; tenofovir alafenamide; women
Cecile Lahiri, Yanxun Xu, Kunbo Wang, Jessica A Alvarez, Anandi N Sheth, Jane A O'Halloran, Amanda Spence, Phyllis Tien, Deborah Gustafson, Joel Milam, Margaret A FIschl, Deborah Konkle-Parker, Adaora A Adimora, Anjali Sharma, Kathleen Weber, Igho Ofotokun, Leah Rubin (2021). Weight and body mass index change after switching to integrase inhibitors or tenofovir alafenamide among women living with HIV. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 37(6), 461-467. PMC8213005
Journal Article
Sex Differences in the Association Between Stress, Loneliness, and COVID-19 Burden among People with HIV in the US
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2021
Mar 31
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33626967/
Little is known about the psychological implications of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on people with HIV. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of COVID-19 among men and women with HIV in Miami, Florida. We hypothesized that the burden of the COVID-19 pandemic will be higher for women, and psychological factors will increase COVID-19 burden among them. People with (n = 231) and without HIV (n = 42) residing in Miami, Florida completed a survey assessing psychological outcomes such as loneliness, depression, and stress, as well as the burden of COVID-19, on their daily lives. t-Tests and chi-square analyses were used to assess sex differences in study variables. Logistic regression was used to compare the interaction effects predicting stress and loneliness by COVID-19 burden and sex. A total of 273 completed the survey; the outcomes of the study, loneliness, and stress did not differ by HIV status (p = .458 and p = .922). Overall, men and women reported
10.1089/AID.2020.0289
33626967
PMC8035921
COVID-19; COVID-19 burden; HIV; mental health
Deborah L Jones, Violeta J Rodriguez, Ana S Salazar, Emily Montgomerie, Patricia D Raccamarich, Claudia Uribe Starita, Irma T Barreto Ojeda, Laura Beauchamps, Andres Vazquez, Thais Martinez, Maria L Alcaide (2021). Sex Differences in the Association Between Stress, Loneliness, and COVID-19 Burden among People with HIV in the US. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, (), . PMC8035921
Journal Article
Expanding the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score for predicting diabetes incidence in people living with HIV
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2021
Apr 12
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33683149/
This study investigated whether the predictive ability of the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) can be improved among people with HIV by adding a marker of insulin resistance. In this longitudinal analysis of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and the Women's Interagency HIV Study, HIV-positive and HIV-negative participants without prevalent diabetes were included. FINDRISC score and the Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) were calculated at baseline. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine associations between baseline risk scores and time to incident diabetes (first self-report of diabetes medication use). Model discrimination (Uno's c-statistic) and calibration (observed vs. cumulative probability of diabetes) were assessed for FINDRISC, HOMA-IR, and combined FINDRISC and HOMA-IR. Overall, 2527 men (1299 HIV-positive and 1228 HIV-negative, median age=44) and 2446 women (1841 HIV-positive and 605 HIV-negative, median age=41) were included. O
10.1089/AID.2020.0247
33683149
PMC8112710
HIV; dysglycemia; insulin resistance; risk prediction
Karla I Galaviz, Michael F Schneider, Phyllis C Tien, Keri N Althoff, Mohammed K Ali, Igho Ofotokun, Todd T Brown (2021). Expanding the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score for predicting diabetes incidence in people living with HIV. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 37(5), 373-379. PMC8112710
Journal Article
Plasma Lymphocyte Activation Gene 3 and Subclinical Coronary Artery Disease in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2021
Aug 12
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34384260/
Chronic inflammation, including among people with HIV (PWH), elevates immune cell expression of lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG3); however, low plasma LAG3 predicts cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in the general population. The associations among LAG3 plasma levels, subclinical atherosclerosis, inflammation, and HIV infection have not been well described. We measured plasma LAG3 in 704 men with and without HIV from the multicenter AIDS cohort study, who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography. HIV serostatus was not independently associated with LAG3 after adjustment for sociodemographic and CVD risk factors. Current smoking status and African American race were associated with lower LAG3, and age and sTNFαRI concentration were associated with greater LAG3. LAG3 was not associated with coronary artery stenosis. Thus, no difference was found in plasma LAG3 concentration by HIV serostatus, and no association between LAG3 and subclinical coronary atherosclerosis in men wi
10.1089/AID.2021.0035
34384260
PMC8817687
HIV; LAG3; cardiovascular disease
Sudipa Sarkar, Sabina Haberlen, Wendy Post, Theodoros Kelesidis, Dorothy Wiley, Lawrence Kingsley, Eun-Young Kim, Frank J Palella, Mallory D Witt, Matthew Budoff, Annabelle Rodriguez, Todd T Brown (2021). Plasma Lymphocyte Activation Gene 3 and Subclinical Coronary Artery Disease in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, (), . PMC8817687
Journal Article
Dietary intake is associated with neuropsychological impairment in women with HIV
Am J Clin Nutr
2021
Jul 1
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33829235/
Background: Diet is a modifiable risk factor that may influence cognition in people with HIV. Objectives: We examined the association between dietary intake and cognition in women with HIV (WWH) and HIV-seronegative women. Methods: An 18-item dietary National Cancer Institute screener was completed by 729 WWH and 346 HIV-seronegative Women's Interagency HIV Study participants. Daily intake frequencies of processed meats, sweet beverages, fish, whole milk, and vegetables were calculated. Participants completed biennial neuropsychological (NP) testing. NP domains included attention/working memory, executive function, processing speed, memory, learning, fluency, and motor function. NP impairment was defined as demographically adjusted T-scores (mean = 50; SD = 10) ≤40 at ≥1 visit after completing the dietary screener. Multivariable logistic regression, stratified by HIV serostatus, examined associations between intake frequency tertile (referent = lowest intake) and NP performance. Res
10.1093/ajcn/nqab038
33829235
PMC8246600
HIV; cohort studies; diet; food; neuropsychological assessment; nutrition; risk factors in epidemiology.
Leah H Rubin, Deborah R Gustafson, Lakshmi Warrior, Lila Sheira, Kathryn C Fitzgerald, Raha Dastgheyb, Kathleen M Weber, Phyllis C Tien, Audrey French, Amanda B Spence, Anjali Sharma, Dionna W Williams, Cory J White, Eric C Seaberg, Edward A Frongillo, Sheri D Weiser (2021). Dietary intake is associated with neuropsychological impairment in women with HIV. Am J Clin Nutr, 114(1), 378-389. PMC8246600
Journal Article
Characteristics of the MACS/WIHS Combined Cohort Study: Opportunities for Research on Aging With HIV in the Longest US Observational Study of HIV
Am J Epidemiol
2021
Aug 1
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33675224/
In 2019, NIH combined the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and the Women's Interagency HIV Study into the MACS/WIHS Combined Cohort Study (MWCCS). Participants completing a visit October 2018-September 2019 (targeted for MWCCS enrollment) are described by HIV serostatus and compared to people living with HIV (PLWH) in the U.S. Participants include 2115 women, 1901 men, median age 56 years (IQR 48-63), 62% PLWH. Study sites encompass the South (18%), Mid-Atlantic/Northeast (45%), West Coast (22%), and Midwest (15%). Participant race/ethnicity approximates that of U.S. PLWH. Longitudinal data and specimens collected for 35 years (men) and 25 years (women) were combined. Differences in data collection and coding were reviewed and key risk factor and comorbidity data harmonized. For example, recent use of alcohol (62%) and tobacco (28%) are common, as are dyslipidemia (64%), hypertension (56%), obesity (42%), impaired daily activities (31%), depressive symptoms (28%), and diabetes (22%). The
10.1093/aje/kwab050
33675224
PMC8484936
Cohort Study; Cohort characterization; Collaborative Research; Comorbidity; HIV; MACS; MWCCS; WIHS; biorepository
Gypsyamber D'Souza, Fiona Bhondoekhan, Lorie Benning, Joseph B Margolick, Adebola A Adedimeji, Adaora A Adimora, Maria L Alcaide, Mardge H Cohen, Roger Detels, M Reuel Friedman, Susan Holman, Deborah J Konkle-Parker, Daniel Merenstein, Igho Ofotokun, Frank Palella, Sean Altekruse, Todd T Brown, Phyllis C Tien (2021). Characteristics of the MACS/WIHS Combined Cohort Study: Opportunities for Research on Aging With HIV in the Longest US Observational Study of HIV. Am J Epidemiol, (), . PMC8484936
Journal Article
Frequency of high-grade squamous cervical lesions among women over age 65 years living with HIV
Am J Obstet Gynecol
2021
May 3
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33957115/
Background: Current US cervical cancer screening guidelines recommend screening cessation at the age of 65 years provided women have adequate previous screening and no history of precancer. Women living with HIV are at higher risk of cervical cancer than women living without HIV. Furthermore, limited data exists to quantify the risk of cervical cancer among women who otherwise would qualify for screening cessation. Objective: This study aimed to determine whether guidelines recommending women to discontinue cervical cancer screening at the age of 65 years are appropriate for women living with HIV. Study design: Semiannual Papanicolaou testing was performed as part of surveillance visits in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Launched in October 1994, the Women's Interagency HIV Study is a federally funded US multisite cohort study that has enrolled 3678 women living with HIV and 1304 women living without HIV; we included data throughout September 2019 onward. Conventional Papanicolaou
10.1016/j.ajog.2021.04.253
33957115
PMC8492479
Papanicolaou test; cervical cancer prevention; women living with HIV.
L Stewart Massad 1, Xianhong Xie, Howard L Minkoff, Katherine G Michel, Gypsyamber D'Souza, Chia-Ching Wang, Deborah Konkle-Parker, Igho Ofotokun, Margaret A Fischl, Lisa Rahangdale, Howard D Strickler (2021). Frequency of high-grade squamous cervical lesions among women over age 65 years living with HIV. Am J Obstet Gynecol, (), . PMC8492479
Journal Article
Mortality Among Persons Entering HIV Care Compared With the General U.S. Population : An Observational Study
Ann Intern Med
2021
Jul 6
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34224262/
Background: Understanding advances in the care and treatment of adults with HIV as well as remaining gaps requires comparing differences in mortality between persons entering care for HIV and the general population. Objective: To assess the extent to which mortality among persons entering HIV care in the United States is elevated over mortality among matched persons in the general U.S. population and trends in this difference over time. Design: Observational cohort study. Setting: Thirteen sites from the U.S. North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design. Participants: 82 766 adults entering HIV clinical care between 1999 and 2017 and a subset of the U.S. population matched on calendar time, age, sex, race/ethnicity, and county using U.S. mortality and population data compiled by the National Center for Health Statistics. Measurements: Five-year all-cause mortality, estimated using the Kaplan-Meier estimator of the survival function. Results: Overall 5-year mort
10.7326/M21-0065
34224262
PMC8453103
Jessie K Edwards, Stephen R Cole, Tiffany L Breger, Jacqueline E Rudolph, Lindsey M Filiatreau, Kate Buchacz, Elizabeth Humes, Peter F Rebeiro, Gypsyamber D'Souza, M John Gill, Michael J Silverberg, W Christopher Mathews, Michael A Horberg, Jennifer Thorne, H Irene Hall, Amy Justice, Vincent C Marconi, Viviane D Lima, Ronald J Bosch, Timothy R Sterling, Keri N Althoff, Richard D Moore, Michael Saag, Joseph J Eron (2021). Mortality Among Persons Entering HIV Care Compared With the General U.S. Population : An Observational Study. Ann Intern Med, (), . PMC8453103
Journal Article
Does Social Support Predict Depressive Symptoms? A Longitudinal Study of Midlife and Older Men Who Have Sex with Men from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
Ann LGBTQ Public Popul Health
2021
June
https://connect.springerpub.com/content/sgrlgbtq/early/2021/01/04/lgbtq-2020-0042
The present study was designed to identify social support classes across time among midlife (40-64 years) and older (65+ years) gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM), and whether social support protects against depressive symptoms in this population. This study applied longitudinal latent class analysis across five visits on 1,329 individuals age 40 or older at baseline using data from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) Healthy Aging substudy collected from April 2016 to October 2018. We identified four classes of social support across time: Partner-centered, that is, high levels of support from one's primary partner(s) and moderate support from friends and family; Friend-centered, that is, high levels of support from friends and chosen family; Low, that is, low levels of support from all sources; and Robust, that is, high levels of support from all sources. We found differences in class membership by age, race/ethnicity, employment status, sexual identity, edu
10.1891/LGBTQ-2020-0042
34778872
PMC8589299
HIV/AIDS; MSM; depression; mental health; social support.
Henderson, Emmett R., Egan, James E., Haberlen, Sabina A., Detels, Roger, Teplin, Linda A., Friedman, M. Reuel, Plankey, Michael W., Coulter, Robert W.S. (2021). Does Social Support Predict Depressive Symptoms? A Longitudinal Study of Midlife and Older Men Who Have Sex with Men from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Ann LGBTQ Public Popul Health, 2(2), 1-20. PMC8589299
Journal Article
Characteristics and Longitudinal Patterns of Erectile Dysfunction Drug Use Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in the U.S
Arch Sex Behav
2021
Sept 29
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34590217/
We investigated the longitudinal relationship between erectile dysfunction (ED) drug use with behavioral factors, including substance use and sexual activities in men who have sex with men from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study during 1998-2016 (n = 1636). We used a bivariate random-intercept model to evaluate ED drug use along with other behavioral factors to assess relationships between the two outcomes over time on a population level and also at the individual level. Average ED drug use among men who have sex with men (MSM) with HIV was positively correlated with average use of marijuana (r = .19), poppers (r = .27), and stimulants (r = .25). In this group, testosterone use (r = .32), multiple partners (r = .41), insertive anal intercourse with condom (r = .40), and insertive anal intercourse without condom (r = .43) all showed moderate correlations over time with average ED use (p < .001). Associations among MSM without HIV were similar, with average marijuana use (r = .19) and sti
10.1007/s10508-021-02065-x
34590217
PMC8563532
HIV; Multivariate analysis; Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors; Recreational drugs; Sexual behavior; Sexual orientation
Jee Won Park, Adrian S Dobs, Ken S Ho, Frank J Palella, Eric C Seaberg, Robert E Weiss, Roger Detels (2021). Characteristics and Longitudinal Patterns of Erectile Dysfunction Drug Use Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in the U.S. Arch Sex Behav, 50(7), 2887-2896. PMC8563532
Journal Article
A Bayesian Nonparametric Approach for Inferring Drug Combination Effects on Mental Health in People with HIV
Biometrics
2021
Jul 9
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34145900/
Although combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) is highly effective in suppressing viral load for people with HIV (PWH), many ART agents may exacerbate central nervous system (CNS)-related adverse effects including depression. Therefore, understanding the effects of ART drugs on the CNS function, especially mental health, can help clinicians personalize medicine with less adverse effects for PWH and prevent them from discontinuing their ART to avoid undesirable health outcomes and increased likelihood of HIV transmission. The emergence of electronic health records offers researchers unprecedented access to HIV data including individuals' mental health records, drug prescriptions, and clinical information over time. However, modeling such data is very challenging due to high-dimensionality of the drug combination space, the individual heterogeneity, and sparseness of the observed drug combinations. We develop a Bayesian nonparametric approach to learn drug combination effect on mental
10.1111/biom.13508
34145900
PMC10515268
antiretroviral therapy; distance-dependent Chinese restaurant process; longitudinal cohort study; precision medicine; subset-tree kernel
W. N. Jin, Yang, Rubin, Leah H, Spence, Amanda B, Xu, Yanxun (2021). A Bayesian Nonparametric Approach for Inferring Drug Combination Effects on Mental Health in People with HIV. Biometrics, (), . PMC10515268
Journal Article
Restriction of HIV-1 Infection in Sickle Cell Trait
Blood Adv
2021
Dec 14
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34496009/
Patients with Sickle cell disease (SCD) have lower risk for HIV-1 infection. We showed restriction of ex vivo HIV-1 infection in SCD peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) that was due, in part, to the upregulation of antiviral, inflammatory and hemolytic factors including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Here, we investigated whether individuals with sickle cell trait (SCT), who develop mild hemolysis, also restrict HIV-1 infection. Ex vivo infection of SCT PBMCs demonstrated ~2-fold reduction of HIV-1 replication and lower levels of HIV-1 reverse transcription products, 2-Long Terminal Repeats (LTR) circles, HIV-1 integration and gag RNA expression. SCT PBMCs had higher HO-1 mRNA and protein levels and reduced ribonucleotide reductase 2 (RNR2) protein levels. HO-1 inhibition by tin porphyrin eliminated ex vivo HIV-1 restriction. Among Howard University clinic recruits, higher levels of HO-1 and RNR2 mRNA and lower HIV-1 env mRNA levels were found in SCT individuals living with HIV-1. To
10.1182/bloodadvances.2021004247
34496009
PMC9153004
Kumari, N., Nouraie, M., Ahmad, A. Lassiter, H., Khan, J., Diaz, S., Afangbedji, N., Ahmad, A., Wang, S., Houston, P.E., Ammosova, T., de Mulder Rougvie, M., Rana, S., Nixon, D.F., Anastos, K., Lazar, J., French, A.L., Gange, S., Adimora, A, Weitzmann, M.M., Fischl, M., Kempf, M.-J., Kassaye, S., Taylor VI, J.G., and Nekhai, S. (2021). Restriction of HIV-1 Infection in Sickle Cell Trait. Blood Adv, (), . PMC9153004
Journal Article
Associations of CKD risk factors and longitudinal changes in urine biomarkers of kidney tubules among women living with HIV
BMC Nephrol
2021
Aug 30
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34461840/
Background: Novel urine biomarkers have enabled the characterization of kidney tubular dysfunction and injury among persons living with HIV, a population at an increased risk of kidney disease. Even though several urine biomarkers predict progressive kidney function decline, antiretroviral toxicity, and mortality in the setting of HIV infection, the relationships among the risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD) and urine biomarkers are unclear. Methods: We assessed traditional and infection-related CKD risk factors and measured 14 urine biomarkers at baseline and at follow-up among women living with HIV in the Women's Interagency Health Study (WIHS). We then used simultaneously adjusted multivariable linear regression models to evaluate the associations of CKD risk factors with longitudinal changes in biomarker levels. Results: Of the 647 women living with HIV in this analysis, the majority (67%) were Black, the median age was 45 years and median follow-up time was 2.5 years.
10.1186/s12882-021-02508-6
34461840
PMC8406753
Urine biomarkers HIV CKD
Anthony N Muiru, Rebecca Scherzer, Simon B Ascher, Vasantha Jotwani, Carl Grunfeld, Judy Shigenaga, Kimberly A Spaulding, Derek K Ng, Deborah Gustafson, Amanda B Spence, Anjali Sharma, Mardge H Cohen, Chirag R Parikh, Joachim H Ix, Michelle M Estrella, Michael G Shlipak (2021). Associations of CKD risk factors and longitudinal changes in urine biomarkers of kidney tubules among women living with HIV. BMC Nephrol, 22(1), 296. PMC8406753
Journal Article
Self-Reported Cannabis Use and Markers of Inflammation in Men Who Have Sex With Men With and Without HIV
Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
2021
Apr 15
https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/can.2019.0083
Background: Chronic inflammation contributes to aging and organ dysfunction in the general population, and is a particularly important determinant of morbidity and mortality among people with HIV (PWH). The effect of cannabis use on chronic inflammation is not well understood among PWH, who use cannabis more frequently than the general population. Materials and Methods: We evaluated participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) beginning in 2004 with available data on cannabis use and inflammatory biomarkers. Associations of current cannabis use with plasma concentrations of inflammatory markers were adjusted for hepatitis C, tobacco smoking, and comorbidities. Markers were analyzed individually and in exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Results: We included 1352 men within the MACS. Twenty-seven percent of HIV-negative men, 41% of HIV viremic men, and 35% of virologically suppressed men reported cannabis use at baseline. Among cannabis users, 20–25% in all groups defined b
10.1089/can.2019.0083
33912681
PMC8064959
CBD; HIV; THC; cannabis; inflammation; inflammatory biomarkers
M. W. Krsak, Nikolas I., Plankey, Michael W., Kinney, Gregory L., Epeldegui, Marta, Okafor, Chukwuemeka N., Friedman, Mackey Reuel, Palella, Frank J., Erlandson, Kristine M. (2021). Self-Reported Cannabis Use and Markers of Inflammation in Men Who Have Sex With Men With and Without HIV. Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, (), . PMC8064959
Journal Article
Classical Monocyte Transcriptomes Reveal Significant Anti-Inflammatory Statin Effect in Women with Chronic HIV
Cardiovascular Research
2021
Mar 21
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32658258/
Aims: During virally-suppressed chronic HIV infection, persistent inflammation contributes to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD), a major comorbidity in people living with HIV (LWH). Classical blood monocytes (CMs) remain activated during antiretroviral therapy and are a major source of pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic factors that contribute to atherosclerotic plaque development and instability. Methods and results: Here we identify transcriptomic changes in circulating CMs in peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples from participants of the Women's Interagency HIV Study, selected by HIV and subclinical CVD (sCVD) status. We flow-sorted CM from participants of the Women's Interagency HIV Study and deep-sequenced their mRNA (n = 92). CMs of HIV+ participants showed elevated IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-12β, overlapping with many transcripts identified in sCVD+ participants. In sCVD+ participants LWH, those reporting statin use showed reduced pro-inflammatory gene expression to
10.1093/cvr/cvaa188
32658258
PMC7983000
Antiretroviral Therapy; Cardiovascular Disease; Gene Signature; NGS; Statins.
Ehinger E, Ghosheh Y, Pramod AB, Lin J, Hanna DB, Mueller K, Durant CP, Baas L, Qi Q, Wang T, Buscher K, Anastos K, Lazar JM, Mack WJ, Tien PC, Cohen MH, Ofotokun I, Gange S, Heath SL, Hodis HN, Tracy RP, Landay AL, Kaplan RC, Ley K (2021). Classical Monocyte Transcriptomes Reveal Significant Anti-Inflammatory Statin Effect in Women with Chronic HIV. Cardiovascular Research, (), . PMC7983000
Journal Article
Cognitive profiles in perimenopause: hormonal and menopausal symptom correlates
Climacteric
2021
Mar 24
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33759672/
Objective: Perimenopause is associated with declines in attention, working memory and verbal memory; however, there are significant individual differences. Further, the contributions of hormones and menopausal symptoms to domain-specific cognitive functions remain unknown. This longitudinal study aimed to determine whether there were distinct cognitive profiles in perimenopause and to identify factors associated with each profile. Design: In a sample of 85 women evaluated over 400 bi-annual visits, we administered a comprehensive neuropsychological battery, assessed menopausal symptoms and measured 17β-estradiol and follicle stimulating hormone. Multilevel latent profile analysis was used to identify cognitive profiles. Regressions were conducted to determine differences in hormones and symptoms by profile after adjusting for Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop + 10 (STRAW + 10) stage and demographic factors. Results: Perimenopausal cognitive profiles consisted of cognitively norma
10.1080/13697137.2021.1892626
33759672
cognition; Perimenopause; estrogen; menopausal symptoms.
M T Weber, L H Rubin, R Schroeder, T Steffenella, P M Maki (2021). Cognitive profiles in perimenopause: hormonal and menopausal symptom correlates. Climacteric, (), 1-7.
Journal Article
CD4 count at entry into HIV care and at antiretroviral therapy prescription in the US, 2005-2018
Clin Infect Dis
2021
Oct 1
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33383586/
From 2005 to 2018, among 32013 adults entering HIV care in the US, median time to ART prescription declined from 69 to 6 days, median CD4 count at entry into care increased from 300 to 362 cells/µL, and median CD4 count at ART prescription increased from 160 to 364 cells/µL.
10.1093/cid/ciaa1904
33383586
PMC8492212
CD4 count; HIV; antiretroviral therapy; treat all; universal treatment
Jennifer S Lee, Elizabeth A Humes, Brenna C Hogan, Kate Buchacz, Joseph J Eron, M John Gill, Timothy R Sterling, Peter F Rebeiro, Viviane Dias Lima, Angel Mayor, Michael J Silverberg, Michael A Horberg, Richard D Moore, Keri N Althoff, North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD) (2021). CD4 count at entry into HIV care and at antiretroviral therapy prescription in the US, 2005-2018. Clin Infect Dis, (), . PMC8492212
Journal Article
Serological Responses to Toxoplasma gondii and Matrix Antigen 1 Predict the Risk of Subsequent Toxoplasmic Encephalitis in People Living with HIV
Clin Infect Dis
2021
Jan 3
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33388768/
Background: Clinically useful predictors for fatal toxoplasmosis are lacking. We investigated the value of serological assays for antibodies to whole Toxoplasma antigens and to peptide antigens of the Toxoplasma cyst protein MAG1, for predicting incident toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE) in people living with HIV (PLWH). Methods: We performed a nested case control study, conducted within the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), using serum samples obtained 2 years prior to diagnosis of TE from 28 cases, and 37 HIV disease-matched Toxoplasma seropositive controls at matched time-points. Sera were tested for Toxoplasma antibodies using a commercial assay and for antibodies to MAG1_4.2 and MAG1_5.2 peptides in ELISA. Results: Two years prior to clinical diagnosis, 68% of TE cases were MAG1_4.2 seropositive compared with 16% of controls (OR 25.0, 95% CI 3.14-199.18). Corresponding results for MAG1_5.2 seropositivity were 36% and 14% (OR 3.6, 95% CI 0.95-13.42). Higher levels of antibody to
10.1093/cid/ciaa1917
33388768
PMC8678584
Toxoplasma gondii and Matrix Antigen 1; HIV; Predict; Serological Responses; toxoplasmic encephalitis
Jianchun Xiao, Fiona Bhondoekhan, Eric C Seaberg, Otto Yang, Valentina Stosor, Joseph B Margolick, Robert H Yolken, Raphael P Viscidi (2021). Serological Responses to Toxoplasma gondii and Matrix Antigen 1 Predict the Risk of Subsequent Toxoplasmic Encephalitis in People Living with HIV. Clin Infect Dis, (), . PMC8678584
Journal Article
Primary HPV and Molecular Cervical Cancer Screening in US Women Living with HIV
Clin Infect Dis
2021
May 4
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32881999/
Background: Primary human papillomavirus (HPV) screening (PHS) utilizes oncogenic human papillomavirus (oncHPV) testing as the initial cervical cancer screening method and typically, if positive, additional reflex-triage (e.g., HPV16/18-genotyping, Pap testing). While US guidelines support PHS usage in the general population, PHS has been little studied in women living with HIV (WLWH). Methods: We enrolled n=865 WLWH (323 from the Women's Interagency HIV Study [WIHS] and 542 from WIHS-affiliated colposcopy clinics). All participants underwent Pap and oncHPV testing, including HPV16/18-genotyping. WIHS WLWH who tested oncHPV[+] or had cytologic atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or worse (ASC-US+) underwent colposcopy, as did a random 21% of WLWH who were oncHPV[-]/Pap[-] (controls). Most participants additionally underwent p16/Ki-67 immunocytochemistry. Results: Mean age was 46 years, median CD4 was 592 cells/μL, 95% used antiretroviral therapy. Seventy WLWH had his
10.1093/cid/ciaa1317
32881999
PMC8096228
HIV; Pap test; Primary HPV Screening; cervical cancer screening; cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN); colposcopy; human papillomavirus (HPV)
Strickler HD, Keller MJ, Hessol NA, Eltoum IE, Einstein MH, Castle PE, Massad LS, Flowers L, Rahangdale L, Atrio JM, Ramirez C, Minkoff H, Adimora AA, Ofotokun I, Colie C, Huchko MJ, Fischl M, Wright R, D'Souza G, Leider J, Diaz O, Sanchez-Keeland L, Shrestha S, Xie X, Xue X, Anastos K, Palefsky JM, Burk RD (2021). Primary HPV and Molecular Cervical Cancer Screening in US Women Living with HIV. Clin Infect Dis, 72(9), 1529-1537. PMC8096228
Journal Article
APOL1 variant alleles associate with reduced risk for opportunistic infections in HIV infection
Commun Biol
2021
Mar 5
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33674766/
Apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1), an innate immune factor against African trypanosoma brucei, inhibits HIV-1 in vitro. The impact of APOL1 G1-G2 variants on HIV-1-associated opportunistic infections (OIs) is unknown. Here, we report findings from a metaanalysis of four HIV/AIDS prospective cohorts (ALIVE, LSOCA, MACS, and WIHS) including 2066 African American participants. Using a global test combining all four cohorts, carriage of two APOL1 variant alleles is associated with a 50% reduction in odds of OI (combined OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.33-0.76). Subgroup analysis of OI etiological categories (viral, parasitic, fungal and Mycobacterial) suggests the possibility of specific protection from fungal infections (OR 0.54. 95% CI 0.32-0.93; PBonferroni corrected = 0.08). We observe an association of APOL1 variant alleles with host protection against OI in HIV-positive individuals. The study suggests a broader role of APOL1 variant alleles in innate immunity in vivo.
10.1038/s42003-021-01812-z
33674766
PMC7977062
Ping An 1, Efe Sezgin , Gregory D Kirk, Priya Duggal, Elizabeth Binns-Roemer, George Nelson, Sophie Limou, Mark L Van Natta, Douglas A Jabs, Michelle Estrella, Jeffrey B Kopp, Cheryl A Winkler (2021). APOL1 variant alleles associate with reduced risk for opportunistic infections in HIV infection. Commun Biol, 4(1), 284. PMC7977062
Journal Article
Changes in liver steatosis in HIV-positive women are associated with the BMI, but not with biomarkers
Cytokine
2021
May 12
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33994069/
The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is higher in HIV-infected patients compared to the general population. While metabolic risk factors such as obesity, insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome have been identified as key risk factors in all individuals, there is limited information regarding the mechanisms that contribute to the higher prevalence among individuals living with HIV, particularly among women and ethnic minorities. The aim of this study was to determine the association, over two time points, of a panel of biomarkers with liver steatosis in a cohort of HIV-seropositive women and age-matched negative controls and to investigate whether the association differed by HIV status. To this effect, plasma samples obtained from 105 HIV-positive and -negative participants enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV study (WIHS) Washington DC site were assayed for biomarkers associated with inflammation, adipose tissue function, fibrinolysis, gut permeability
10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155573
33994069
PMC8607847
ART; CAP; HIV; Liver Steatosis; NAFL
Rafael Fernandez-Botran , Michael W Plankey, Deanna Ware, José Bordon (2021). Changes in liver steatosis in HIV-positive women are associated with the BMI, but not with biomarkers. Cytokine, (), . PMC8607847
Journal Article
Staying or moving: Results of a latent transition analysis examining intra-individual stability of recreational substance use among MSM in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study from 2004 to 2016
Drug Alcohol Depend
2021
Jan 9
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33485009/
Background: Studies have examined patterns of substance use among Men who have Sex with Men (MSM), but few have examined factors predicting transitioning from one substance use pattern to another. We investigated transitioning from one substance use pattern to another over a 12-year period (2004-2016) among the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study participants. Method: Alcohol, marijuana, heroin, cocaine, poppers, uppers (e.g., methamphetamines) and erectile dysfunction(ED) medications use in the last 6 months from 3568 US MSM was dichotomized (no/yes) to classify participants into substance use classes at each follow up visit. We fit latent transition models to calculate transition probabilities of moving from one substance use class to another over a 3, 4 and 6-year time period. Then fit regression models to identify factors associated with the probability of each participant staying in or moving from the same substance use class. Results: Overall, cocaine and ED medication use declined b
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108516
33485009
PMC7901540
LCA; Latent transition analysis; MACS; Men who have sex with men; Substance use
Syed W Noor, Trevor A Hart, Chukwuemeka N Okafor, Deanna Ware, Kara W Chew, Gypsyamber D'Souza, Ken Ho, M Reuel Friedman, Michael Plankey (2021). Staying or moving: Results of a latent transition analysis examining intra-individual stability of recreational substance use among MSM in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study from 2004 to 2016. Drug Alcohol Depend, (), . PMC7901540
Journal Article
Plasma host protein biomarkers correlating with increasing Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection activity prior to tuberculosis diagnosis in people living with HIV
EBioMedicine
2021
Dec 27
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34968761/
Background: Biomarkers correlating with Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection activity/burden in asymptomatic individuals are urgently needed to identify and treat those at highest risk for developing active tuberculosis (TB). Our main objective was to identify plasma host protein biomarkers that change over time prior to developing TB in people living with HIV (PLHIV). Methods: Using multiplex MRM-MS, we investigated host protein expressions from 2 years before until time of TB diagnosis in longitudinally collected (every 3-6 months) and stored plasma from PLHIV with incident TB, identified within a South African (SA) and US cohort. We performed temporal trend and discriminant analyses for proteins, and, to assure clinical relevance, we further compared protein levels at TB diagnosis to interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA; SA) or tuberculin-skin test (TST; US) positive and negative cohort subjects without TB. SA and US exploratory data were analyzed separately. Findings: We identifi
10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103787
34968761
PMC8718743
Biomarker; Diagnosis; HIV; Incipient TB; Prediction; Proteomics; Subclinical TB; Tuberculosis.
Sarah N Singer, Okechukwu C Ndumnego, Ryung S Kim, Thumbi Ndung'u, Kathryn Anastos, Audrey French, Gavin Churchyard, Eustache Paramithiothis, Victoria O Kasprowicz, Jacqueline M Achkar (2021). Plasma host protein biomarkers correlating with increasing Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection activity prior to tuberculosis diagnosis in people living with HIV. EBioMedicine, (), . PMC8718743
Journal Article
Poverty, deprivation, and mortality risk among women with HIV in the United States
Epidemiology
2021
Nov 1
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34347686/
Background: Prior studies suggest neighborhood poverty and deprivation are associated with adverse health outcomes including death, but evidence is limited among persons with HIV, particularly women. We estimated changes in mortality risk from improvement in three measures of area-level socioeconomic context among participants of the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Methods: Starting in October 2013, we linked geocoded residential census block groups to the 2015 Area Deprivation Index (ADI) and two 2012-2016 American Community Survey poverty variables, categorized into national tertiles. We used parametric g-computation to estimate, through March 2018, impacts on mortality of improving each income or poverty measure by one and two tertiles maximum versus no improvement. Results: Of 1,596 women with HIV (median age 49), 91 (5.7%) were lost to follow-up and 83 (5.2%) died. Most women (62%) lived in a block group in the tertile with the highest proportions of individuals with income:pover
10.1097/EDE.0000000000001409
34347686
PMC8478815
HIV, Mortality, Poverty, Residence Characteristics, Women
Andrew Edmonds, Alexander Breskin, Stephen R Cole, Daniel Westreich, Catalina Ramirez, Jennifer Cocohoba, Gina Wingood, Mardge H Cohen, Elizabeth T Golub, Seble G Kassaye, Lisa R Metsch, Anjali Sharma, Deborah Konkle-Parker, Tracey E Wilson, Adaora A Adimora (2021). Poverty, deprivation, and mortality risk among women with HIV in the United States. Epidemiology, 32(6), 877-885. PMC8478815
Journal Article
Human immunodeficiency viral infection and differences in interstitial ventricular fibrosis and left atrial size
Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging
2021
Jul 20
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33693554/
Aims: The extent to which human immunodeficiency viral (HIV) infection is independently associated with myocardial disease in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) remains understudied. We assessed differences in cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) metrics among people living with HIV (PLWH) and without HIV (PWOH). Methods and results: Among 436 participants (aged 54.7 ± 6.0 years, 29% women) from three cohorts, we acquired CMR cines, late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), and T1 mapping. Multivariable linear regressions were used to evaluate associations between HIV serostatus and CMR metrics. Baseline characteristics were similar by HIV serostatus; 63% were PLWH of whom 88% received cART and 73% were virally suppressed. Median left ventricular ejection fraction was normal and similar by HIV serostatus (73%, PWOH vs. 72%, PLWH, P = 0.43) as were right ventricular function, biventricular volumes, and masses. LGE prevalence was similar (32%, PWOH vs. 36%, PLWH, P
10.1093/ehjci/jeab037
33693554
PMC8291675
cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging; human immunodeficiency virus; left atrial volumes; myocardial fibrosis
Katherine C Wu, Sabina A Haberlen, Michael W Plankey, Frank J Palella, Damani A Piggott, Gregory D Kirk, Joseph B Margolick, Wendy S Post (2021). Human immunodeficiency viral infection and differences in interstitial ventricular fibrosis and left atrial size. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging, 22(8), 888-895. PMC8291675
Journal Article
Upregulated IL-32 Expression And Reduced Gut Short Chain Fatty Acid Caproic Acid in People Living With HIV With Subclinical Atherosclerosis
Front Immunol
2021
April 15
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33936102/
Despite the success of antiretroviral therapy (ART), people living with HIV (PLWH) are still at higher risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) that are mediated by chronic inflammation. Identification of novel inflammatory mediators with the inherent potential to be used as CVD biomarkers and also as therapeutic targets is critically needed for better risk stratification and disease management in PLWH. Here, we investigated the expression and potential role of the multi-isoform proinflammatory cytokine IL-32 in subclinical atherosclerosis in PLWH (n=49 with subclinical atherosclerosis and n=30 without) and HIV- controls (n=25 with subclinical atherosclerosis and n=24 without). While expression of all tested IL-32 isoforms (α, β, γ, D, ϵ, and θ) was significantly higher in peripheral blood from PLWH compared to HIV- controls, IL-32D and IL-32θ isoforms were further upregulated in HIV+ individuals with coronary artery atherosclerosis compared to their counterparts without. Upregulation o
10.3389/fimmu.2021.664371
33936102
PMC8083984
CVD (cardiovascular disease); HIV; IL-32; atherosclerosis; gut microbiome; inflammation; short-chain fatty acids.
Mohamed El-Far , Madeleine Durand , Isabelle Turcotte , Etienne Larouche-Anctil , Mohamed Sylla Sarah Zaidan , Carl Chartrand-Lefebvre, Rémi Bunet , Hardik Ramani , Manel Sadouni , Irina Boldeanu , Annie Chamberland , Sylvie Lesage , Jean-Guy Baril , Benoit Trottier , Réjean Thomas , Emmanuel Gonzalez , Ali Filali-Mouhim , Jean-Philippe Goulet , Jeffrey A Martinson , Seble Kassaye , Roksana Karim , Jorge R Kizer , Audrey L French , Stephen J Gange , Petronela Ancuta , Jean-Pierre Routy , David B Hanna, Robert C Kaplan , Nicolas Chomont , Alan L Landay , Cécile L Tremblay (2021). Upregulated IL-32 Expression And Reduced Gut Short Chain Fatty Acid Caproic Acid in People Living With HIV With Subclinical Atherosclerosis. Front Immunol, (), . PMC8083984
Journal Article
Patterns and Predictors of Cognitive Function Among Virally Suppressed Women With HIV
Frontiers in Neurology
2021
Feb 11
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33679577/
Cognitive impairment remains frequent and heterogeneous in presentation and severity among virally suppressed (VS) women with HIV (WWH). We identified cognitive profiles among 929 VS-WWH and 717 HIV-uninfected women from 11 Women's Interagency HIV Study sites at their first neuropsychological (NP) test battery completion comprised of: Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised, Trail Making, Symbol Digit Modalities, Grooved Pegboard, Stroop, Letter/Animal Fluency, and Letter-Number Sequencing. Using 17 NP performance metrics (T-scores), we used Kohonen self-organizing maps to identify patterns of high-dimensional data by mapping participants to similar nodes based on T-scores and clustering those nodes. Among VS-WWH, nine clusters were identified (entropy = 0.990) with four having average T-scores ≥45 for all metrics and thus combined into an "unimpaired" profile (n = 311). Impaired profiles consisted of weaknesses in: (1) sequencing (Profile-1; n = 129), (2) speed (Profile-2; n = 144), (3)
10.3389/fneur.2021.604984
33679577
PMC7928382
HIV; cognition; heterogeneity; machine learning; phenotypes; random forest; women
Dastgheyb R, Buchholz AS, Fitzgerald KC, Xu Y, Williams DW, Springer G, Anastos K, Gustafson DR, Spence AB, Adimora AA, Waldrop D, Vance DE, Milam J, Bolivar H, Weber KM, Haughey NJ, Maki PM, Rubin LH (2021). Patterns and Predictors of Cognitive Function Among Virally Suppressed Women With HIV. Frontiers in Neurology, (), . PMC7928382
Journal Article
Risk of HCC With Hepatitis B Viremia Among HIV/HBV-Coinfected Persons in North America
Hepatology
2021
June 22
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33780007/
Background and aims: Chronic HBV is the predominant cause of HCC worldwide. Although HBV coinfection is common in HIV, the determinants of HCC in HIV/HBV coinfection are poorly characterized. We examined the predictors of HCC in a multicohort study of individuals coinfected with HIV/HBV. Approach and results: We included persons coinfected with HIV/HBV within 22 cohorts of the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (1995-2016). First occurrence of HCC was verified by medical record review and/or cancer registry. We used multivariable Cox regression to determine adjusted HRs (aHRs [95% CIs]) of factors assessed at cohort entry (age, sex, race, body mass index), ever during observation (heavy alcohol use, HCV), or time-updated (HIV RNA, CD4+ percentage, diabetes mellitus, HBV DNA). Among 8,354 individuals coinfected with HIV/HBV (median age, 43 years; 93% male; 52.4% non-White), 115 HCC cases were diagnosed over 65,392 person-years (incidence rate, 1.8 [95% CI,
10.1002/hep.31839
33780007
PMC8843101
H Nina Kim, Craig W Newcomb, Dena M Carbonari, Jason A Roy, Jessie Torgersen, Keri N Althoff, Mari M Kitahata, K Rajender Reddy, Joseph K Lim, Michael J Silverberg, Angel M Mayor, Michael A Horberg, Edward R Cachay, Gregory D Kirk, Jing Sun, Mark Hull, M John Gill, Timothy R Sterling, Jay R Kostman, Marion G Peters, Richard D Moore, Marina B Klein, Vincent Lo Re 3rd, North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research, Design of IeDEA (2021). Risk of HCC With Hepatitis B Viremia Among HIV/HBV-Coinfected Persons in North America. Hepatology, (), . PMC8843101
Journal Article
The shifting picture of HIV treatment, comorbidity and substance use among US MSM living with HIV
HIV Med
2021
Mar 10
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33751813/
Objectives: People living with HIV (PLWH) have increased risk of chronic disease and poor mental health. We aimed to explore HIV disease indicators, comorbidity, and risk behavior of recent antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiators to inform current needs of PLWH. Methods: Men who have sex with men (MSM) in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) who initiated ART between 2010 and 2018 (recent initiators) were compared with age-, race- and geographic location-matched men who initiated ART during 2000-2009 (early initiators). Measures of HIV disease, behavior, comorbidity and mental health were collected prospectively every 6 months using standardized forms. Results: Recent initiators had higher current CD4 (median CD4 451 vs. 307 cells/μL, P < 0.0001) and nadir CD4 (451 vs. 300 cells/μL, P < 0.0001) than earlier initiators. The proportion achieving viral suppression within a year of starting ART was significantly higher in recent compared with earlier initiators (92% vs. 74%, P < 0.00
10.1111/hiv.13082
33751813
PMC8295172
ART initiation; HIV; MACS; comorbidity; condomless sex; suppressed viral load
G D'Souza, L Benning, V Stosor, M D Witt, J Johnson, M Friedman, A G Abraham (2021). The shifting picture of HIV treatment, comorbidity and substance use among US MSM living with HIV. HIV Med, (), . PMC8295172
Journal Article
Associations between HIV, antiretroviral therapy and preterm birth in the US Women's Interagency HIV Study, 1995-2018: a prospective cohort
HIV Med
2021
Sept 12
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34514711/
Objective: To evaluate the associations of HIV infection with preterm birth (PTB), and of HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART) with PTB. Methods: We analysed singleton live-born pregnancies among women from 1995 to 2019 in the Women's Interagency HIV Study, a prospective cohort of US women with, or at risk for, HIV. The primary exposures were HIV status and ART use before delivery [none, monotherapy or dual therapy, or highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)]. The primary outcome was PTB < 34 weeks, and, secondarily, < 28 and < 37 weeks. We analysed self-reported birth data, and separately modelled the associations between HIV and PTB, and between ART and PTB, among women with HIV. We used modified Poisson regression, and adjusted for age, race, parity, tobacco use and delivery year, and, when modelling the impact of ART, duration from HIV diagnosis to delivery, nadir CD4 count, and pre-pregnancy viral load and CD4 count. Results: We analysed 488 singleton deliveries (56% exposed to
10.1111/hiv.13171
34514711
PMC9507163
AIDS; HIV; MACS/WIHS Combined Cohort Study; antiretroviral therapy; pregnancy; preterm birth; women
Kartik K Venkatesh, Andrew Edmonds, Daniel Westreich, Jodie Dionne-Odom, Deborah Jones Weiss, Anandi N Sheth, Helen Cejtin, Dominika Seidman, Seble Kassaye, Howard Minkoff, Jessica Atrio, Lisa Rahangdale, Adaora A Adimora (2021). Associations between HIV, antiretroviral therapy and preterm birth in the US Women's Interagency HIV Study, 1995-2018: a prospective cohort. HIV Med, (), . PMC9507163
Journal Article
Kidney tubule health scores and their associations with incident CKD in women living with HIV
HIV Med
2021
Mar 9
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33751761/
Objectives: Individual kidney tubule biomarkers are associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) risk in people living with HIV (PLWH). Whether a combination of kidney biomarkers can be integrated into informative summary scores for PLWH is unknown. Methods: We measured eight urine biomarkers of kidney tubule health at two visits over a 3-year period in 647 women living with HIV in the Women's Interagency Health Study. We integrated biomarkers into factor scores using exploratory factor analysis. We evaluated associations between CKD risk factors and factor scores, and used generalized estimating equations to determine associations between factor scores and risk of incident CKD. Results: Factor analysis identified two unique factor scores: a tubule reabsorption score comprising alpha-1-microglobulin, beta-2-microglobulin and trefoil factor-3; and a tubule injury score comprising interleukin-18 and kidney injury molecule-1. We modelled the two factor scores in combination with urine e
10.1111/hiv.13081
33751761
PMC8803539
HIV; biomarkers; chronic kidney disease; exploratory factor analysis
S B Ascher, R Scherze, M M Estrella, A N Muiru, V K Jotwani, C Grunfeld, J Shigenaga, K A Spaulding, D K Ng, D Gustafson, A B Spence, A Sharma , M H Cohen, C R Parikh, J H Ix, M G Shlipak (2021). Kidney tubule health scores and their associations with incident CKD in women living with HIV. HIV Med, (), . PMC8803539
Journal Article
Impact of dedicated women's outreach workers (WOWs) on recruitment of women in ACTG clinical studies
HIV Res Clin Pract
2021
Jun 18
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34143949/
Background: Despite efforts by the AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) to enroll representative numbers of diverse women, participation in ACTG studies in the United States remains largely white and male. To address this gap in women's participation in ACTG research, a one-year pilot study of dedicated women's outreach workers (WOWs) was proposed. Objectives: included demonstrating that targeted recruitment efforts can expand community awareness of ACTG research and ensuring successful enrollment of women at the respective clinical research sites. Methods: The pilot study was conducted at two U.S. sites (Rutgers New Jersey Medical School and Emory Ponce de Leon Center in Atlanta, Georgia). The WOWs worked with site personnel to identify and reach out to women living with HIV and/or Hepatitis B or C at their respective sites and encourage them to join a clinical trial registry for those interested in participating in future clinical trials. Results: The Rutgers WOW approached 127 poten
10.1080/25787489.2021.1938825
34143949
PMC8496343
HIV treatment trials; HIV/AIDS; clinical trials; community engagement; gender; outreach workers; recruitment; women
Elizabeth Barr, Karine Dubé, Shobha Swaminathan, Carlos Del Rio, Danielle M Campbell, Marta Paez-Quinde, Susan E Cohn (2021). Impact of dedicated women's outreach workers (WOWs) on recruitment of women in ACTG clinical studies. HIV Res Clin Pract, (), 1-9. PMC8496343
Journal Article
Negative perception of aging is associated with frailty transitions within a cohort of sexual minority men
Innovation in Aging
2021
Sep 3
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34805554/
Background and Objectives Older people have increased risk of developing frailty, an age-related clinical syndrome associated with worse health outcomes. This study examined the effect of self-perception of aging (i.e., age discrepancy - individuals feel younger/older than their chronological age, and aging satisfaction) on frailty transitions. Research Design and Methods We use longitudinal data from 549 HIV-/499 HIV+ sexual minority men (SMM) aged 50 years or older enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). To test the association of self-perception of aging on transitions between states of frailty (non-frail/frail), defined using Fried Frailty Phenotype, a multinomial modeling was used. Results With remaining non-frail as the referent group, participants reporting low aging satisfaction (vs moderate aging satisfaction) had increased odds of transitioning from Non-Frail to Frail (OR: 2.72; 95% CI:1.56-4.74), Frail to Non-Frail (OR: 3.40; 95% CI: 1.62-7.12) or remaining f
10.1093/geroni/igab035
34805554
PMC8599189
Attitudes &amp, perception toward aging/aged, Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual &amp, Transgender, HIV/AIDS, Quantitative research methods, Sexual minority men (SMM)
Karen Nieves-Lugo, PhD, MPH, Deanna Ware, MPH, Keri Althoff, PhD, MPH, Mark Brennan-Ing, PhD, Steven Meanley, PhD, MPH, Andre L Brown, PhD, MPH, Sabina A Haberlen, PhD, SM, Mary Masters, MD, James E Egan, MPH, PhD, M Reuel Friedman, PhD, MPH, Michael Plankey, PhD (2021). Negative perception of aging is associated with frailty transitions within a cohort of sexual minority men. Innovation in Aging, (), . PMC8599189
Journal Article
Positive Psychological Factors and Life Themes in Relation to Health Outcomes in Women Living with HIV
Int J Behav Med
2021
Oct 28
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34713412/
Background: This mixed methods study identified positive psychological factors and life themes expressed in autobiographical narratives of predominantly Black women living with HIV (WLWH) and investigated these in relation to depressive symptoms, antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence (≥ 95% of time), and undetectable HIV viral load (VL) (< 80 copies/ml). Method: Ninety-eight WLWH from the Women's Interagency HIV Study Chicago site (M age = 45.3; 91% Black) narrated three autobiographical life turning points, reliably coded for positive factors and life themes. ART adherence, VL and depressive symptoms, assessed with Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale total score (TOT) including its four factors (negative affect (NA), positive affect (PA), somatic symptoms (SS), and interpersonal problems (IP)), were collected over two time points: concurrently with narratives and 6 months later. Composite scores across the two time points were used in all analyses. Results: Ten positi
10.1007/s12529-021-10032-y
34713412
PMC9046468
Adherence; Coping; Depression; HIV; Positive affect; Women
Leslie R Brody, Yudelki Firpo-Perretti, Dana Bruck-Segal, Sannisha K Dale, Elizabeth G Ruffing, Clair Cassiello-Robbins, Kathleen M Weber, Mardge H Cohen (2021). Positive Psychological Factors and Life Themes in Relation to Health Outcomes in Women Living with HIV. Int J Behav Med, (), . PMC9046468
Journal Article
G-computation for policy-relevant effects of interventions on time-to-event outcomes
Int J Epidemiol
2021
Jan 23
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33141177/
Background: Parametric g-computation is an analytic technique that can be used to estimate the effects of exposures, treatments and interventions; it relies on a different set of assumptions than more commonly used inverse probability weighted estimators. Whereas prior work has demonstrated implementations for binary exposures and continuous outcomes, use of parametric g-computation has been limited due to difficulty in implementation in more typical complex scenarios. Methods: We provide an easy-to-implement algorithm for parametric g-computation in the setting of a dynamic baseline intervention of a baseline exposure and a time-to-event outcome. To demonstrate the use of our algorithm, we apply it to estimate the effects of interventions to reduce area deprivation on the cumulative incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs: gonorrhea, chlamydia or trichomoniasis) among women living with HIV in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Results: We found that reducing area deprivat
10.1093/ije/dyaa156
33141177
PMC7825964
Causal inference; G-computation; HIV; area deprivation; sexually transmitted infections; survival analysis
Alexander Breskin, Andrew Edmonds, Stephen R Cole, Daniel Westreich, Jennifer Cocohoba, Mardge H Cohen, Seble G Kassaye, Lisa R Metsch, Anjali Sharma, Michelle S Williams, Adaora A Adimora (2021). G-computation for policy-relevant effects of interventions on time-to-event outcomes. Int J Epidemiol, 49(6), 2021-2029. PMC7825964
Journal Article
Effects of Erectile Dysfunction Drugs Use on T-Cells and Immune Markers on Men Who Have Sex with Men
International Journal of Sexual Health
2021
Dec 30
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19317611.2022.2084200?journalCode=wijs20
Objective Examine prospective relationships between erectile dysfunction (ED) drugs and CD4 and CD8 T-cells, and immune markers among men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods Data from Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, an observational prospective cohort study, with semiannual follow-ups conducted in four U.S. centers from 1998 onwards was used. Marginal structural models using g-computation were fitted to estimate the mean differences for the effects of self-reported ED drug use on CD4 and CD8 T-cell outcomes and immune biomarkers. Results Total of 1,391 men with HIV (MWH) and 307 men without HIV (MWOH) was included. Baseline mean CD4 cell count among MWH and MWOH was 499.9 and 966.7 cells/μL, respectively. At baseline, 41.8% of MWH were virally suppressed. ED drug users reported a mean of 44.4 months of exposure to ED drugs. ED drug use was associated with increased CD4 cell outcomes among MWH but not MWOH. Mean differences in CD4 cell counts after 1 year of ED drug use was 57.6 cells
https://doi.org/10.1080/19317611.2022.2084200
36387612
PMC9665348
Cohort studies, phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors, men who have sex with men (MSM), T-lymphocytes, biomarkers
Park JW, Dob AS, Ho KS, Palella FJ, Seaberg EC, Weiss RE, Detels (2021). Effects of Erectile Dysfunction Drugs Use on T-Cells and Immune Markers on Men Who Have Sex with Men. International Journal of Sexual Health , (), . PMC9665348
Journal Article
Perceived Neighborhood-Level Drivers of Food Insecurity Among Aging Women in the United States: A Qualitative Study
J Acad Nutr Diet
2021
Feb 2
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33547033/
Background: Aging populations in the United States exhibit high rates of food insecurity and chronic illness. Few studies have explored the neighborhood-level drivers of food insecurity among such populations, and how they intersect with experiences of aging. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore how aging women experience food insecurity in the United States, and the neighborhood-level factors that influence these experiences. Design: Semistructured qualitative interviews were conducted to elicit participants' perceptions of how their neighborhood influenced their experiences with food security and aging. Participants/setting: Thirty-eight food-insecure women aged 50 years and older were purposively sampled from the Northern California, Georgia, and North Carolina sites of the Women's Interagency Human Immunodeficiency Virus Study. Interviews were conducted between November 2017 and July 2018 at the three Women's Interagency Human Immunodeficiency Virus Study sites. Stat
10.1016/j.jand.2020.12.019
33547033
PMC8084897
Aging; Food environment; Food insecurity; Neighborhood factors; Qualitative research
Jacqueline A Shieh, Anna M Leddy, Henry J Whittle, Ighovwerha Ofotokun, Adaora A Adimora, Phyllis C Tien, Sheri D Weiser (2021). Perceived Neighborhood-Level Drivers of Food Insecurity Among Aging Women in the United States: A Qualitative Study. J Acad Nutr Diet, S2212-2672(20), 31572-0. PMC8084897
Journal Article
Mental Health Mediates the Association between Gender-Based Violence and HIV Treatment Engagement in U.S. Women
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2021
Oct 27
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34723926/
Background: Gender-based violence (GBV) is associated with poorer engagement in HIV care and treatment. However, there is a dearth of research on the psychological (e.g., mental health) and structural (e.g., food insecurity) factors that mediate and moderate this association. GBV could lead to poor mental health, which in turn impacts adherence, while food insecurity could worsen the effect of GBV on engagement in care. This study uses data from the Women's Interagency HIV Study to address these gaps. Methods: Women completed six assessments from 2013-16 on GBV, mental health, food insecurity, adherence to antiretroviral therapy, and missed HIV care appointments in the past six months. Multi-level logistic regression models estimated associations between GBV and engagement in care, and whether associations were mediated by depression, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and moderated by food insecurity. Results: GBV was associated with highe
10.1097/QAI.0000000000002848
34723926
PMC8752473
Amy A Conroy, Jennifer P Jain, Lila Sheira, Edward A Frongillo, Torsten B Neilands, Mardge H Cohen, Tracey E Wilson, Aruna Chandran, Adaora A Adimora, Seble Kassaye, Anandi N Sheth, Margaret A Fischl, Adebola Adedimeji, Janet M Turan, Phyllis C Tien, Sheri D Weiser (2021). Mental Health Mediates the Association between Gender-Based Violence and HIV Treatment Engagement in U.S. Women. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, (), . PMC8752473
Journal Article
Association of poor sleep with depressive and anxiety symptoms by HIV disease status: Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS)
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2021
Nov 1
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34732681/
Background: Sleep disturbances are prevalent in women living with HIV (WLWH) and can affect mental health and overall quality of life. We examined the prevalence and predictors of poor sleep quality in a U.S. cohort of WLWH and HIV-uninfected controls and the relationship between sleep quality and mental health symptom burden stratified by HIV disease status (viremic WLWH, aviremic WLWH, HIV-uninfected). Methods: Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) in 1,583 (400 viremic WLWH, 723 aviremic WLWH, and 460 HIV-uninfected) Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) participants. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were concurrently assessed using the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale and General Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale. Associations between poor sleep quality (global PSQI >5) and both high depressive (CES-D ≥16) and anxiety (GAD-7 ≥10) symptoms were each assessed by HIV disease status using multivariable logistic regression mode
10.1097/QAI.0000000000002847
34732681
PMC8740603
Elizabeth Daubert, Audrey L French, Helen J Burgess, Anjali Sharma, Deborah Gustafson, Sushma K Cribbs, Deborah Jones Weiss, Catalina Ramirez, Deborah Konkle-Parker, Seble Kassaye, Kathleen M Weber (2021). Association of poor sleep with depressive and anxiety symptoms by HIV disease status: Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, (), . PMC8740603
Journal Article
Longitudinal Changes in Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin in Men With HIV
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2021
Aug 15
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33990494/
Background: Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is a glycoprotein that regulates sex hormone bioavailability and increases with age in the general population. SHBG concentrations are higher in people with HIV, a population in whom accelerated aging has been hypothesized. It is unclear whether longitudinal changes in SHBG increase over time and differ by HIV serostatus. Methods: In a longitudinal study, SHBG was measured in 182 men with HIV (MWH) and 267 men without HIV (seronegative) from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and matched for age, race, site, and time, with ≥2 SHBG serum samples over the 10 years after HAART initiation. Multivariable linear mixed-effects regression models were used to evaluate whether log-transformed SHBG [ln(SHBG)] and its rate of change differed by HIV serostatus. Results: At baseline, the mean age in MWH was similar to that in HIV-seronegative men (51 ± 5 vs 49 ± 6 years). However, SHBG mean values were higher in MWH compared with those in HIV-seronega
10.1097/QAI.0000000000002723
33990494
PMC8263509
SHBG in HIV
Jenny Pena Dias, Sabina A Haberlen, Adrian S Dobs, Jordan E Lake, Frank J Palella, Lawrence A Kingsley, Jennifer C Price, Shehzad Basaria, Ravi Varadhan, Joseph B Margolick, Chloe L Thio, Todd T Brown (2021). Longitudinal Changes in Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin in Men With HIV. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 87(15), 1178-1186. PMC8263509
Journal Article
Subclinical carotid artery atherosclerosis is associated with increased expression of peripheral blood IL-32 isoforms among women living with HIV
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2021
Oct 1
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34138771/
Background: Persistent inflammation in HIV infection is associated with elevated cardiovascular disease risk, even with viral suppression. Identification of novel surrogate biomarkers can enhance cardiovascular disease risk stratification and suggest novel therapies. We investigated the potential of IL-32, a proinflammatory multi-isoform cytokine, as a biomarker for subclinical carotid artery atherosclerosis in virologically-suppressed women living with HIV (WLWH). Methods and results: Nested within the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), we conducted a cross-sectional comparison of IL-32 between 399 WLWH and 100 women without HIV, followed by a case-control study of 72 WLWH (36 carotid artery plaque cases vs. 36 age-matched controls without plaque). Plasma IL-32 protein was measured by ELISA, and mRNA of IL-32 isoforms (IL-32α, β, γ, D, ε, θ) was quantified by RT-PCR from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Plasma IL-32 protein levels were higher in WLWH compared to women w
10.1097/QAI.0000000000002746
34138771
PMC8434945
HIV, cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, carotid artery, IL-32
Mohamed El-Far, David B Hanna, Madeleine Durand, Etienne Larouche-Anctil, Mohamed Sylla, Carl Chartrand-Lefebvre, Guy Cloutier, Jean Philippe Goulet, Seble Kassaye, Roksana Karim, Jorge R Kizer, Audrey L French, Stephen J Gange, Jason M Lazar, Howard N Hodis, Jean-Pierre Routy, Petronela Ancuta, Nicolas Chomont, Alan L Landay, Robert C Kaplan, Cécile L Tremblay (2021). Subclinical carotid artery atherosclerosis is associated with increased expression of peripheral blood IL-32 isoforms among women living with HIV. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 88(2), 186-191. PMC8434945
Journal Article
COVID-19 Burden and Risk among people with HIV
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol
2021
Feb 10
https://journals.lww.com/jaids/Abstract/9000/COVID_19_Burden_and_Risk_among_people_with_HIV.95946.aspx
Background. This study evaluated COVID-19 risk and burden among people with HIV (PWH) in a US city with high rates of HIV and SARS-CoV-2 transmissions and examined the interrelationship between psychosocial factors and COVID-19 risk and burden. Setting. Participants were drawn from an existing consent to contact database of PWH. Database candidates were PWH, adults over 18 years of age, who had received HIV care at the University of Miami HIV clinics, spoke English or Spanish, and had agreed to be contacted for future research. Methods. An adapted version of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study/ Women’s Interagency HIV Study Combined Cohort Study COVID-19 survey was telephonically administered, requiring 15-30 minutes. Results. Psychological stress was a predictor of COVID-19 burden (financial and social burden) and COVID-19 risk (health factors associated with increased risk of severe health outcomes due to infection with COVID-19). Having a history of traumatic events was associa
10.1097/QAI.0000000000002656
33999015
PMC8136457
COVID-19, HIV, trauma, depression, stress
Jones, Deborah L; Morgan, Kristiana E; Martinez, Paola C; Rodriguez, Violeta J; Vazquez, Andres; Raccamarich, Patricia D; Alcaide, Maria L (2021). COVID-19 Burden and Risk among people with HIV. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol, (), . PMC8136457
Journal Article
Associations Between HIV Serostatus and Cardiac Structure and Function Evaluated by 2-Dimensional Echocardiography in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
J Am Heart Assoc
2021
Apr 6
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33749311/
Background We aimed to investigate whether there are differences in cardiac structure and systolic and diastolic function evaluated by 2-dimensional echocardiography among men living with versus without HIV in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy. Methods and Results We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 1195 men from MACS (Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study) who completed a transthoracic echocardiogram examination between 2017 and 2019. Associations between HIV serostatus and echocardiographic indices were assessed by multivariable regression analyses, adjusting for demographics and cardiovascular risk factors. Among men who are HIV+, associations between HIV disease severity markers and echocardiographic parameters were also investigated. Average age was 57.1±11.9 years; 29% of the participants were Black, and 55% were HIV+. Most men who were HIV+ (77%) were virally suppressed; 92% received combination antiretroviral therapy. Prevalent left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunct
10.1161/JAHA.120.019709
33749311
PMC8174316
HIV/AIDS; antiretroviral therapy; atria; cardiac remodeling; diastolic dysfunction; echocardiography; subclinical cardiovascular disease
Henrique Doria de Vasconcellos, Wendy S Post, Ann-Margret Ervin, Sabina Annette Haberlen, Matthew Budoff, Carlos Malvestutto, Jared W Magnani, Matthew J Feinstein, Todd T Brown, Joao A C Lima, Katherine C Wu (2021). Associations Between HIV Serostatus and Cardiac Structure and Function Evaluated by 2-Dimensional Echocardiography in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. J Am Heart Assoc, 10(7), . PMC8174316
Journal Article
Employment and Occupational Productivity Among Women Living With HIV: A Conceptual Framework
J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care
2021
Jan-Feb
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32852297/
Women living with HIV (WLWH) have lower employment rates and more difficulty finding and keeping employment compared with their counterparts without HIV. These disparities affect physical, psychological, and socioeconomic outcomes, and they may compound the disadvantages associated with living with HIV. Although historical literature has emphasized the impact of clinical factors on employment, current evidence suggests that socioeconomic and psychosocial factors associated with HIV should be included for a more comprehensive view. Based on this broader inclusion, a conceptual framework is presented describing how socioeconomic and psychosocial characteristics influence employment acquisition and maintenance among WLWH. The framework posits that there is a reciprocal relationship between employment acquisition and occupational productivity, and psychological health, physical health, social support, and empowerment. Implications for future research and interventions include (a) an extend
10.1097/JNC.0000000000000202
32852297
conceptual framework, employment, HIV, productivity, women
Jenni M Wise, David E Vance, Karen Heaton, James L Raper, Deborah Konkle-Parker, Andres Azuero, Mirjam-Colette Kempf (2021). Employment and Occupational Productivity Among Women Living With HIV: A Conceptual Framework. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care, 32(1), 37-46.
Journal Article
Plasma Lipidomic Profiles and Risk of Diabetes: 2 Prospective Cohorts of HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Individuals
J Clin Endocrinol Metab
2021
Mar 25
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33420793/
Objectives: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) use is associated with disrupted lipid and glucose metabolism in people with HIV infection. We aimed to identify plasma lipid species associated with risk of diabetes in the context of HIV infection. Research design and methods: We profiled 211 plasma lipid species in 491 HIV-infected and 203 HIV-uninfected participants aged 35 to 55 years from the Women's Interagency HIV Study and the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Cox proportional hazards model was used to examine associations between baseline lipid species and incident diabetes (166 diabetes cases were identified during a median follow-up of 12.6 years). Results: We identified 11 lipid species, representing independent signals for 8 lipid classes/subclasses, associated with risk of diabetes (P < 0.05 after FDR correction). After adjustment for multiple covariates, cholesteryl ester (CE) (22:4), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) (18:2), phosphatidylcholine (PC) (36:4), phosphatidylcholine plasma
10.1210/clinem/dgab011
33420793
PMC7993589
HIV infection; diabetes; lipidomics; prospective cohort
Eric Zhang, Jin Choul Chai, Amy A Deik, Simin Hua, Anjali Sharma, Michael F Schneider, Deborah Gustafson, David B Hanna, Jordan E Lake, Leah H Rubin, Wendy S Post, Kathryn Anastos, Todd Brown, Clary B Clish, Robert C Kaplan, Qibin Qi (2021). Plasma Lipidomic Profiles and Risk of Diabetes: 2 Prospective Cohorts of HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Individuals. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 106(4), 999-1010. PMC7993589
Journal Article
Body mass index and leptin are related to cognitive performance over 10 years in women with and without HIV infection
J Clin Endocrinol Metab
2021
Oct 22
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34677589/
Objective: To determine whether body mass index (BMI) and leptin were longitudinally associated over 10 years with neuropsychological performance (NP) among middle-aged women with HIV (WWH) versus without HIV. Methods: Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) participants (301 WWH, 113 women without HIV from Brooklyn, New York City and Chicago had baseline and 10-year BMI (kg/m2) and fasting plasma leptin levels using commercial ELISA (ng/mL); and demographically-adjusted NP T-scores (attention/working memory, executive function (EF), processing speed, memory, learning, verbal fluency, motor function, global) at 10-year follow-up. Multivariable linear regression analyses, stratified by HIV-serostatus, examined associations between BMI, leptin, and NP. Results: Over 10 years, women (baseline age 39.8+/-9.2 years, 73% Black, 73% WWH) transitioned from average overweight (29.1+/-7.9 kg/m 2) to obese (30.5+/-7.9 kg/m 2) BMI. Leptin increased 11.4+/-26.4 ng/mL (p<0.0001). Higher baseline BMI
10.1210/clinem/dgab759
34677589
PMC8851924
Body Mass Index; Cognition; HIV; Leptin; Obesity; Overweight; Women.
Francesca Macaluso, Kathleen M Weber, Leah H Rubin, Elaine Dellinger, Susan Holman, Howard Minkoff , Sheila Keating, Lisa R Merlin, Deborah R Gustafson (2021). Body mass index and leptin are related to cognitive performance over 10 years in women with and without HIV infection. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, (), . PMC8851924
Journal Article
Distinct lipidomic signatures in persons living with HIV: combined analysis of ACTG 5260s and MACS/WIHS
J Clin Endocrinol Metab
2021
Sept 8
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34498048/
Purpose: We assessed the effect of untreated HIV infection as well as different antiretroviral therapy (ART) on the metabolome/lipidome. Methods: Widely-targeted plasma metabolomic and lipidomic profiling was performed on HIV-seronegative individuals and persons living with HIV (PLHIV) before and after initiating ART [tenofovir/emtricitabine plus atazanavir/ritonavir (ATV/r) or darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/r) or raltegravir (RAL)]. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis was used to assess metabolites/lipid subspecies that discriminated between groups. Graphical lasso estimated group-specific metabolite/lipid subspecies networks associated with the Homeostatic Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). Correlations between inflammatory markers and metabolites/lipid subspecies were visualized using heat maps. Results: Of 435 participants, 218 were PLHIV. Compared to HIV-seronegative individuals, ART-naïve PLHIV exhibited higher levels of saturated triaclyglycerols (TAGs
10.1210/clinem/dgab663
34498048
PMC8684537
HIV; lipidomics; lipogenesis; metabolomics
Jennifer Jao, Lauren C Balmert, Shan Sun, Grace A McComsey, Todd T Brown, Phyllis C Tien, Judith S Currier, James H Stein, Yunping Qiu, Derek LeRoith, Irwin J Kurland (2021). Distinct lipidomic signatures in persons living with HIV: combined analysis of ACTG 5260s and MACS/WIHS. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, (), . PMC8684537
Journal Article
T-cell immune dysregulation and mortality in women with HIV
J Infect Dis
2021
Aug 27
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34448873/
Background: Dysregulation of adaptive immunity is a hallmark of HIV infection that persists on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Few long-term prospective studies have related adaptive immunity impairments to mortality in HIV, particularly in women. Methods: Among 606 women with HIV in the Women's Interagency HIV Study, peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected from 2002-2005 underwent multiparameter flow cytometry. Underlying cause of death was ascertained from the National Death Index up to 2018. We examined associations of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell activation (%CD38+HLADR+), senescence (%CD57+CD28-), exhaustion (%PD-1+), and non-activation/normal function (%CD57-CD28+) with natural-cause, HIV-related, and non-HIV-related mortality. Results: At baseline, median participant age was 41, and 67% were on ART. Among 100 deaths during median 13.3 years follow-up, 90 were natural-cause (53 non-HIV-related, 37 HIV-related). Higher activation and exhaustion of CD4+ T-cells were associated with ri
10.1093/infdis/jiab433
34448873
PMC8844590
HIV; T-cell; immune activation; mortality
Brandilyn A Peters, Jee-Young Moon, David B Hanna, Olaf Kutsch, Margaret Fischl, Caitlin A Moran, Adaora A Adimora, Stephen Gange, Nadia R Roan, Katherine G Michel, Michael Augenbraun, Anjali Sharma, Alan Landay, Seema Desai, Robert C Kaplan (2021). T-cell immune dysregulation and mortality in women with HIV. J Infect Dis, (), . PMC8844590
Journal Article
Menopause is associated with immune activation in women with HIV
J Infect Dis
2021
Jun 26
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34174074/
Background: Persistent immune activation due to gut barrier dysfunction is a suspected cause of morbidity in HIV, but the impact of menopause on this pathway is unknown. Methods: In 350 women with HIV from the Women's Interagency HIV Study, plasma biomarkers of gut barrier dysfunction (intestinal fatty acid binding protein; IFAB), innate immune activation (soluble CD14 and CD163; sCD14, sCD163), and systemic inflammation (interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor receptor 1; IL-6, TNFR1), were measured at 674 person-visits spanning ≤2 years. Results: Menopause (post- vs. pre-menopausal status) was associated with higher plasma sCD14 and sCD163 in linear mixed-effects regression adjusting for age and other covariates (B [95% CI]=161.89ng/mL [18.37, 305.41] and 65.48 ng/mL [6.64, 124.33], respectively); but not with plasma IFAB, IL-6, or TNFR1. In piece-wise linear mixed-effects regression of biomarkers on years before/after the final menstrual period, sCD14 increased during the menopaus
10.1093/infdis/jiab341
34174074
PMC8763955
HIV; immune activation; inflammation; menopause; soluble CD14; soluble CD163
Brandilyn A Peters, Xiaonan Xue, Lila A Sheira, Qibin Qi, Anjali Sharma, Nanette Santoro, Maria L Alcaide, Igho Ofotokun, Adaora A Adimora, Heather S McKay, Phyllis C Tien, Katherine G Michel, Deborah Gustafson, Bulent Turan, Alan L Landay, Robert C Kaplan, Sheri D Weiser (2021). Menopause is associated with immune activation in women with HIV. J Infect Dis, (), . PMC8763955
Journal Article
Food insecurity and frailty among women with and without HIV in the United States: a cross-sectional analysis
J Int AIDS Soc
2021
Jun 14
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34128343/
Introduction: Frailty is frequently observed among people with HIV, and food insecurity is associated with frailty in the general population. Evidence is scarce on the associations between food insecurity and frailty among women with HIV who may be particularly vulnerable to the impacts of food insecurity. The goal of this study was to assess associations between food insecurity and frailty among women with and without HIV. Methods: There were 1265 participants from the Women's Interagency HIV Study who participated in frailty assessments in 2017. Frailty was measured using the Fried Frailty Phenotype, and women were subsequently categorized as robust, pre-frail or frail. Food insecurity was assessed using the U.S. Household Food Security Survey Module, with women categorized as having high, marginal, low or very low food security. Multinomial logistic regression models were conducted to examine cross-sectional associations between food insecurity and frailty while adjusting for socio
10.1002/jia2.25751
34128343
PMC8204023
Food insecurity; HIV; frailty; women
Judy Y Tan, Lila A Sheira, Edward A Frongillo, Deborah Gustafson, Anjali Sharma, Daniel Merenstein, Mardge H Cohen, Elizabeth Golub, Andrew Edmonds, Igho Ofotokun, Margaret Fischl, Deborah Konkle-Parker, Torsten Neilands, Phyllis Tien, Sheri D Weiser (2021). Food insecurity and frailty among women with and without HIV in the United States: a cross-sectional analysis. J Int AIDS Soc, 24(6), . PMC8204023
Journal Article
Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase, age, and immune activation in people living with HIV
J Investig Med
2021
Apr 19
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33875612/
Immune activation complicates HIV despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) catabolizes tryptophan (T) to kynurenine (K), regulating immune activity, and IDO activity increases with age. This study examines the relationship of IDO activity, bacterial translocation, and aging in people living with HIV (PLWH) on ART. Samples and data from PLWH on ART from the Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems and from matched HIV-uninfected patients (controls) from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and the Women's Interagency HIV Study were analyzed. The ratio of K to T (K:T) and neopterin were indicators of inflammation; 16S ribosomal DNA (16S rDNA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were markers of bacterial translocation. Samples and data from 205 PLWH and 99 controls were analyzed. PLWH had higher K:T values across all ages, with a significant relationship between age and K:T for both groups. CD4 count or CD4 nadir had no association with K:T. Th
10.1136/jim-2021-001794
33875612
PMC8319090
aging; immune tolerance; inflammation
Stephanie L Baer , Rhonda E Colombo, Maribeth H Johnson, Sushama Wakade, Gabriela Pacholczyk, Cheryl Newman-Whitlow, Stuart A Thompson, Michael S Saag, Jeffrey N Martin, Michelle Floris-Moore, Lei Huang, Andrew L Mellor (2021). Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase, age, and immune activation in people living with HIV. J Investig Med, 69(6), 1238-1244. PMC8319090
Journal Article
"I Haven't Been Ill, I Know It's There": a Case Study Examination of the Social, Behavioral, Clinical, and Structural Factors that Contribute to Sustained Viremia Among Women Living with HIV
J Racial Ethn Health Disparities
2021
Jun 1
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34075566/
Compared to their HIV-seropositive male counterparts, HIV-seropositive women are less likely to achieve and retain viral suppression (VS). Data regarding the social, behavioral, clinical, and structural factors that facilitate or impede viral suppression among HIV-seropositive women is needed. This study aims to examine HIV-seropositive women's perceptions regarding factors that contribute to their HIV treatment decisions. Two case studies describe the HIV treatment decision-making of two never suppressed, HIV-seropositive women aged 65 and 54. The framework method of analysis was employed to obtain a descriptive overview of three interrelated areas of inquiry: (1) the meanings women give to VS; (2) social, behavioral, clinical, and structural obstacles related to HIV medication adherence; and (3) women's perceptions of what they need to achieve and sustain (VS). The meaning of VS for both women is influenced by how they currently feel. Women's general feeling of wellness detracts from
10.1007/s40615-021-01060-1
34075566
PMC8633077
HIV health literacy; Intersectionality; Life course; Viral suppression; Women
Lari Warren-Jeanpiere, Lakshmi Goparaju, Amanda Blair Spence, Kate Michel, Cuiwei Wang, Anjali Kikkisetti, Seble Kassaye (2021). "I Haven't Been Ill, I Know It's There": a Case Study Examination of the Social, Behavioral, Clinical, and Structural Factors that Contribute to Sustained Viremia Among Women Living with HIV. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities, (), . PMC8633077
Journal Article
Incidence and Prevalence of Incarceration in a Longitudinal Cohort of Women at Risk for Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the United States, 2007-2017
J Womens Health (Larchmt)
2021
Feb 5
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33544023/
Background: To estimate the incidence, prevalence, frequency, and duration of incarceration and to identify risk factors for incarceration among women at risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the United States. Methods: During semiannual study visits in a multicenter cohort study, 970 HIV sero-negative participants at risk for HIV were asked about their own incarceration (10/2007-09/2017) and incarceration of sexual partners (10/2013-09/2017). We used descriptive statistics and multivariable log-binomial regression to identify baseline predictors of incident incarceration. Results: Median follow-up time across the 970 participants was 5.5 years (IQR 3.5-9.5). Nearly half (n = 453, 46.7%) of participants were incarcerated during or before the study, and the incarceration rate was 5.5 per 100 person-years. In multivariable models, incident incarceration was associated with prior incarceration (RR 5.20, 95% CI: 3.23-8.41) and noninjection drug use (RR 1.57, 95% CI: 1.10-2.25)
10.1089/jwh.2020.8417
33544023
PMC8112715
HIV risk; PrEP; incarceration; women
Andrea K Knittel, Bonnie E Shook-Sa, Jacqueline E Rudolph, Andrew Edmonds, Catalina Ramirez, Mardge H Cohen, Adebola Adedimeji, Tonya N Taylor, Katherine G Michel, Joel Milam, Jennifer Cohen, Jessica D Donohue, Antonina Foster, Margaret Fischl, Deborah Konkle-Parker, Adaora A Adimora (2021). Incidence and Prevalence of Incarceration in a Longitudinal Cohort of Women at Risk for Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the United States, 2007-2017. J Womens Health (Larchmt), 30(5), 694-704. PMC8112715
Journal Article
Self-Reported Sexually Transmitted Infections After Incarceration in Women with or at Risk for HIV in the United States, 2007-2017
J Womens Health (Larchmt)
2021
Dec 30
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34967695/
Background: U.S. women who have been incarcerated report high rates of sexual risk behavior and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Methods: We estimated the effect of incarceration on the time to first incident STI in a multicenter cohort of U.S. women with or at risk for HIV. We used marginal structural models to compare time to first self-reported gonorrhea, chlamydia, or trichomonas infection for nonincarcerated women and incarcerated women. Covariates included demographic factors, HIV status, sex exchange, drug/alcohol use, and prior incarceration. Results: Three thousand hundred twenty-four women contributed a median of 4 at-risk years and experienced 213 first incident STI events. The crude incidence of STIs was 3.7 per 100 person-years for incarcerated women and 1.9 per 100 person-years for nonincarcerated women. The weighted hazard ratio for incident STIs was 4.05 (95% confidence interval: 1.61-10.19). Conclusion: Women with or at risk for HIV in the United States wh
10.1089/jwh.2021.0215
34967695
PMC8972014
STI; chlamydia; gonorrhea; incarceration; trichomonas; women.
Andrea K Knittel, Jacqueline E Rudolph, Bonnie E Shook-Sa, Andrew Edmonds, Catalina Ramirez, Mardge Cohen, Tonya Taylor, Adebola Adedimeji, Katherine G Michel, Joel Milam, Jennifer Cohen, Jessica D Donohue, Antonina Foster, Margaret A Fischl, Dustin M Long, Adaora A Adimora (2021). Self-Reported Sexually Transmitted Infections After Incarceration in Women with or at Risk for HIV in the United States, 2007-2017. J Womens Health (Larchmt), (), . PMC8972014
Journal Article
Trends in Bacterial Vaginosis Prevalence in a Cohort of U.S. Women with and at Risk for HIV
J Womens Health (Larchmt)
2021
Aug 27
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34449258/
Background: Women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) often have bacterial vaginosis (BV). The goal of this analysis was to assess how BV prevalence changed over time and across U.S. regions in enrollment cohorts of the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Methods: In a multisite study, BV was diagnosed retrospectively when pH and two of three other Amsel criteria were met. Prevalence was determined across four recruitment waves: 1994-5, 2001-2, 2011-2, and 2013-5. Generalized estimating equation multivariable logistic regression models assessed changes in visit prevalence across waves after controlling for HIV disease severity and other risks. Results: Among 4,790 women (3,539 with HIV and 1,251 without HIV), BV was diagnosed at 7,870 (12%) of 64,444 visits. Baseline prevalence across enrollment waves was 15.0%-19.2%, but declined in all cohorts, with prevalence in the initial cohort falling to 3.9% in the 1994-5 cohort after up to 21 years of continuous observation. Prevalence vari
10.1089/jwh.2021.0102
34449258
PMC9133967
Amsel criteria; bacterial vaginosis; human immunodeficiency virus infection in women
L Stewart Massad, Elizabeth M Dauber, Charlesnika T Evans, Howard Minkoff, Seble Kassaye, Jodie Dionne-Odom, Dominika Seidman, Kerry Murphy, Maria L Alcaide, Adaora A Adimora, Anandi N Sheth, Elizabeth T Golub, Audrey L French, Kathleen M Weber (2021). Trends in Bacterial Vaginosis Prevalence in a Cohort of U.S. Women with and at Risk for HIV. J Womens Health (Larchmt), (), . PMC9133967
Journal Article
SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among People Living With HIV Compared to People Without HIV
JAIDS
2021
Sept 28
https://journals.lww.com/jaids/Abstract/9000/SARS_CoV_2_Infection_Among_People_Living_With_HIV.95791.aspx
Background: SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 symptoms among people living with HIV (PLWH) are not well described. Setting: Longitudinal survey within the MACS/WIHS Combined Cohort Study (MWCCS) of PLWH compared to similar HIV seronegative (SN) individuals. Methods: Telephone-administered survey of MWCCS participants at 13 clinical research sites across the U.S. addressing COVID-19 symptoms, SARS-CoV-2 testing, and pandemic impact on social distancing and antiretroviral therapy (ART) use. Primary data collection occurred during May (wave 1), June-July (wave 2), and August-September, 2020 (wave 3). Results: One-third of MWCCS participants were tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection; 10% were tested ≥2 times. Similar proportions of PLWH and SN participants were tested, but SARS-CoV-2 positivity was higher among PLWH than SN (9.4% vs 4.8%, p=0.003). Odds of SARS-CoV-2 positivity remained higher among PLWH after adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and study site (aOR=2.0, 95%CI=1.2-3.2
10.1097/QAI.0000000000002822
34878431
PMC8667184
coronavirus , testing , symptoms , PLWH , CD4 , distancing , MWCCS
D’Souza, Gypsyamber; Tong, Weiqun; Gustafson, Deborah; Alcaide, Maria L.; Lahiri, Cecile D.; Sharma, Anjali; French, Audrey L.; Palella, Frank J; Kempf, Mirjam-Colette; Mimiaga, Matthew J.; Ramirez, Catalina; Kassaye, Seble; Rinaldo, Charles R.; Brown, Todd T.; Tien, Phyllis C.; Adimora, Adaora A (2021). SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among People Living With HIV Compared to People Without HIV. JAIDS, (), . PMC8667184
Journal Article
PREVALENCE OF COVID-19-RELATED SOCIAL DISRUPTIONS AND EFFECTS ON PSYCHOSOCIAL HEALTH IN A MIXED-SEROSTATUS COHORT OF MEN AND WOMEN
JAIDS
2021
Sept 13
https://journals.lww.com/jaids/Abstract/9000/PREVALENCE_OF_COVID_19_RELATED_SOCIAL_DISRUPTIONS.95809.aspx
OBJECTIVES: This study describes prevention behavior and psychosocial health among people living with HIV (PLHIV) and HIV-negative people during the early wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S. We assessed differences by HIV status, and associations between social disruption and psychosocial health. DESIGN: A cross-sectional telephone/videoconference administered survey of 3411 PLHIV and HIV-negative participants in the MACS/WIHS Combined Cohort Study (MWCCS). METHODS: An instrument combining new and validated measures was developed to assess COVID-19 prevention efforts, social disruptions (loss of employment, childcare, health insurance, and financial supports), experiences of abuse, and psychosocial health. Interviews were performed between April-June 2020. Associations between social disruptions and psychosocial health were explored using multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for socio-demographics and HIV status. RESULTS: Almost all (97.4%) participants reported CO
10.1097/QAI.0000000000002799
34757972
PMC8575096
people living with HIV, COVID-19, psychosocial health, pandemic disruptions
Friedman, M. Reuel PhD, MPH; Kempf, Mirjam-Colette PhD, MPH; Benning, Lorie MS; Adimora, Adaora A. MD, MPH; Aouizerat, Bradley PhD; Cohen, Mardge H. MD; Hatfield, Queen MWCCS; Merenstein, Dan MD; Mimiaga, Matthew J. ScD, MPH; Plankey, Michael W. PhD; Sharma, Anjali MD, MS; Sheth, Anandi N. MD, MSc; Ramirez, Catalina MPH, MHA; Stosor, Valentina MD; Wagner, Marc MWCCS; Wilson, Tracey E. PhD; D’Souza, Gypsyamber PhD; Weiss, Deborah Jones PhD (2021). PREVALENCE OF COVID-19-RELATED SOCIAL DISRUPTIONS AND EFFECTS ON PSYCHOSOCIAL HEALTH IN A MIXED-SEROSTATUS COHORT OF MEN AND WOMEN. JAIDS, (), . PMC8575096
Journal Article
Study of Treatment and Reproductive Outcomes Among Reproductive-Age Women With HIV Infection in the Southern United States: Protocol for a Longitudinal Cohort Study
JMIR Res Protoc
2021
Dec 20
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34932006/
Background: Nearly a quarter of the 1.1 million individuals with HIV in the United States are women. Racial and ethnic minority women in the Southern United States are disproportionately impacted. Reproductive-age women with HIV are prone to poor HIV outcomes but remain underrepresented in HIV research. We will answer contemporary questions related to the health outcomes in this population by enrolling a prospective cohort of reproductive-age women with and without HIV in the Southern United States. Objective: The Study of Treatment and Reproductive Outcomes (STAR) will enroll and retain 2000 reproductive-age women with and without HIV. The STAR will leverage the infrastructure of the US-based Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS)/Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) Combined Cohort Study, comprising the WIHS (a cohort of women with and at risk for HIV, which began in 1993), and the MACS (a cohort of gay and bisexual men with and at risk for HIV, which began in 1984). Although the adva
10.2196/30398
34932006
PMC8726043
HIV; depression; longitudinal cohort study; oral health; women’s health.
Anandi N Sheth, Adaora A Adimora, Elizabeth Topper Golub, Seble G Kassaye, Aadia Rana, Daniel Westreich, Jennifer Webster Cyriaque, Carrigan Parish, Deborah Konkle-Parker, Deborah L Jones, Mirjam-Colette Kempf, Igho Ofotokun, Ruth M Kanthula, Jessica Donohue, Patricia Raccamarich, Tina Tisdale, Catalina Ramirez, Lari Warren-Jeanpiere, Phyllis C Tien, Maria L Alcaide (2021). Study of Treatment and Reproductive Outcomes Among Reproductive-Age Women With HIV Infection in the Southern United States: Protocol for a Longitudinal Cohort Study. JMIR Res Protoc, 10(12), . PMC8726043
Journal Article
Understanding Patterns of Healthy Aging Among Men Who Have Sex With Men: Protocol for an Observational Cohort Study
JMIR Res Protoc
2021
Sept 23
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34554100/
Background: With the graying of sexual and gender minority communities and the growing number of people aged ≥50 years living with HIV, it is increasingly important to understand resilience in the context of the psychosocial aspects of aging and aging well. Objective: This paper aims to describe the methods and sample for the Understanding Patterns of Healthy Aging Among Men Who Have Sex With Men study. Methods: This observational cohort study was conducted within the Multisite AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) and was designed to explore resiliencies to explain patterns of health and illness among middle-aged and older sexual minority men. To be eligible, a participant had to be an active participant in the MACS, be at least 40 years of age as of April 1, 2016, and report any sex with another man since enrollment in the MACS. Results: Eligible participants (N=1318) completed six biannual surveys between April 2016 and April 2019. The mean age of the sample was 59.6 years (range 40-91 years)
10.2196/25750
34554100
PMC8498890
HIV; MSM; aging; gay and bisexual men
James E Egan, Sabina A Haberlen, Steven Meanley, Deanna Ware, Andre L Brown, Daniel Siconolfi, Mark Brennan-Ing, Ron Stall, Michael W Plankey, M Reuel Friedman (2021). Understanding Patterns of Healthy Aging Among Men Who Have Sex With Men: Protocol for an Observational Cohort Study. JMIR Res Protoc, 10(9), . PMC8498890
Journal Article
Adaptive Challenges, Adaptive Work, and Adaptive Leadership Among Women Living with HIV in the Southern United States: Findings from a Qualitative Study
Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care
2021
Aug 4
https://www.sciencegate.app/document/10.1097/jnc.0000000000000288
Results: Among 2929 unique women, we included 57 034 visits with a median age of 45 (interquartile range: 39, 52) years. Women had hypertension at 34.5% of visits, and 641 deaths occurred within 1 year of a study visit. Comparing women at visits with hypertension to women at visits without hypertension, the standardized 1-year risk ratio for mortality was 1.16 [95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.01-1.33]. The risk ratios were higher in Hispanic (risk ratio: 1.23, 95% CI: 0.86-1.77) and non-Hispanic black women (risk ratio: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.04-1.37) and lower in non-Hispanic white women (risk ratio: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.58-1.48).
10.1097/JNC.0000000000000288
35500057
PMC9244859
Adaptive Leadership Framework for Chronic Illness, HIV, qualitative design, women living with HIV
Bailey, D. E., Caiola, C. E., Adimora, A. A., Ramirez, C., Holt, L., Johnson, R., Koch, A., McGee, K., McMillian-Bohler, J. M., Randolph, S. D., Ritchwood, T. D., & Relf, M. V. (2021). Adaptive Challenges, Adaptive Work, and Adaptive Leadership Among Women Living with HIV in the Southern United States: Findings from a Qualitative Study. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care, (), . PMC9244859
Journal Article
Epidemiology of anal human papillomavirus infection and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions in 29 900 men according to HIV status, sexuality, and age: a collaborative pooled analysis of 64 studies
Lancet HIV
2021
Jul 30
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34339628/
Background: Robust age-specific estimates of anal human papillomavirus (HPV) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) in men can inform anal cancer prevention efforts. We aimed to evaluate the age-specific prevalence of anal HPV, HSIL, and their combination, in men, stratified by HIV status and sexuality. Methods: We did a systematic review for studies on anal HPV infection in men and a pooled analysis of individual-level data from eligible studies across four groups: HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM), HIV-negative MSM, HIV-positive men who have sex with women (MSW), and HIV-negative MSW. Studies were required to inform on type-specific HPV infection (at least HPV16), detected by use of a PCR-based test from anal swabs, HIV status, sexuality (MSM, including those who have sex with men only or also with women, or MSW), and age. Authors of eligible studies with a sample size of 200 participants or more were invited to share deidentified individual-level data on
10.1016/S2352-3018(21)00108-9
34339628
PMC8408042
Feixue Wei, Michael M Gaisa, Gypsyamber D'Souza, Ningshao Xia, Anna R Giuliano, Stephen E Hawes, Lei Gao, Shu-Hsing Cheng, Maria Gabriella Donà, Stephen E Goldstone, Maarten F Schim van der Loeff, Karin Neukam, Elissa Meites, I Mary Poynten, Jianghong Dai, Jean-Damien Combes, Ulrike Wieland, Joaquin Burgos, Timothy J Wilkin, Alexandra L Hernandez, Mauricio Iribarren Díaz, Carmen Hidalgo-Tenorio, Marleny Valencia Arredondo, Alan G Nyitray, Nicolas Wentzensen, Eric Pf Chow, Vitaly Smelov, Rebecca G Nowak, Nittaya Phanuphak, Yin Ling Woo, Yoojin Choi, Yifei Hu, Alice M Schofield, Petra J Woestenberg, Admire T Chikandiwa, Andrew C Hickey, Alexandra de Pokomandy, Gad Murenzi, Hélène Péré, Marta Del Pino, Ana P Ortiz, Angella Charnot-Katsikas, Xing Liu, Suwat Chariyalertsak, Carol Strong, Jason J Ong, Evy Yunihastuti, Isabelle Etienney, Valentine M Ferré, Huachun Zou, Michel Segondy, Simbarashe Chinyowa, Catharina J Alberts, Gary M Clifford (2021). Epidemiology of anal human papillomavirus infection and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions in 29 900 men according to HIV status, sexuality, and age: a collaborative pooled analysis of 64 studies. Lancet HIV, S2352-3018(21), . PMC8408042
Journal Article
Vestibular Impairments on Objective Diagnostic Tests in HIV+ Women and Control Men and Women
Laryngoscope
2021
Mar 1
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33645629/
Objective: To describe the value of two vestibular test batteries across ages in healthy men and women for detecting vestibular disorders and to compare the occurrence of vestibular disorders in the healthy adult population and women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease. Study design: Two groups were tested on the battery of objective diagnostic tests of the vestibular system. Setting: Two tertiary care centers. Subjects: Healthy controls (284 women and 105 men) and women (63) with HIV/AIDS (HIV+) who are being followed up in a longitudinal study of HIV. They were tested on objective diagnostic tests of the vestibular system. Results: In all age decades, healthy controls had evidence of vestibular impairment, significantly more in older adults. HIV+ subjects, all females, did not differ from healthy control females. Conclusion: These data suggest that at all ages, people do have decreased vestibular function, even young, asymptomatic, and apparently healthy adults. HIV
10.1002/lary.29466
33645629
PMC8903013
AIDS; HIV; VNG; Vestibular; aging; diagnostic testing; epidemiology; public health
Helen S Cohen, Michael W Plankey, Haleh Sangi-Haghpeykar (2021). Vestibular Impairments on Objective Diagnostic Tests in HIV+ Women and Control Men and Women. Laryngoscope, (), . PMC8903013
Journal Article
Association between human immunodeficiency virus serostatus and the prevalence of atrial fibrillation
Medicine (Baltimore)
2021
Jul 23
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8294896/
Atrial fibrillation (AF) leads to increased risk for stroke. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), although it is unclear if HIV is associated with AF. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between HIV serostatus and the prevalence of AF in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. A cross sectional study was conducted among 1674 HIV-infected (HIV+) and uninfected (HIV–) men who completed resting 12-lead electrocardiograms, and/or ambulatory electrocardiogram monitoring. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between AF, defined as the presence of either AF or atrial flutter, and HIV+ serostatus. Associations were adjusted for demographic variables, and then also for CVD risk factors. HIV+ men were younger than HIV– men (median 55.5 vs 61.7 years, P < .001) and were more frequently African-American (30.5% vs 17.8%, P < .001). Most HIV+ men (81%) had undetectable viral load. The age and race adj
10.1097/MD.0000000000026663
34398028
PMC8294896
arrhythmia, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, heart diseases, human immunodeficiency virus
Ngozi Osuji, Sabina A. Haberlen, Hiroshi Ashikaga, Todd T. Brown, Matthew J. Feinstein, Mallory D. Witt, Jared W. Magnani, Elsayed Z. Soliman, Katherine C. Wu, and Wendy S. Post (2021). Association between human immunodeficiency virus serostatus and the prevalence of atrial fibrillation. Medicine (Baltimore), 100(29), e26663. PMC8294896
Journal Article
Cognitive changes during the menopausal transition: a longitudinal study in women with and without HIV
Menopause
2021
Jan 11
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33438895/
Objective: To assess longitudinal changes in cognitive performance across menopause stages in a sample comprised primarily of low-income women of color, including women with HIV (WWH).
10.1097/GME.0000000000001725
33438895
PMC8576848
Pauline M Maki, Gayle Springer, Kathryn Anastos, Deborah R Gustafson, Kathleen Weber, David Vance, Derek Dykxhoorn, Joel Milam, Adaora A Adimora, Seble G Kassaye, Drenna Waldrop, Leah H Rubin (2021). Cognitive changes during the menopausal transition: a longitudinal study in women with and without HIV. Menopause, (), . PMC8576848
Journal Article
Signature changes in gut microbiome are associated with increased susceptibility to HIV-1 infection in MSM
Microbiome
2021
Dec 9
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34879869/
Background: Men who have sex with men (MSM) have been disproportionately affected by HIV-1 since the beginning of the AIDS pandemic, particularly in the USA and Europe. Compared to men who have sex with women (MSW), MSM have a distinct fecal microbiome regardless of HIV-1 infection. However, it is unclear whether the MSM-associated gut microbiome affects the susceptibility and progression of HIV-1 infection. We studied fecal microbiome profiles, short-chain fatty acids, and blood plasma inflammatory cytokines of 109 HIV-1 seroconverters (SC) from the early, 1984-1985 phase of the HIV-1 pandemic in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) before and after HIV-1 infection compared to 156 HIV-1-negative MACS MSM (negative controls [NC]). Results: We found that family Succinivibrionaceae, S24-7, Mogibacteriaceae, Coriobacteriaceae, and Erysipelotrichaceae were significantly higher (p<0.05), whereas Odoribacteraceae, Verucomicrobiaceae, Bacteroidaceae, Barnesiellaceae, and Rikenellaceae we
10.1186/s40168-021-01168-w
34879869
PMC8656045
AIDS; Fecal microbiome; HIV seroconversion; Inflammation; MSM (men who have sex with men).
Yue Chen, Huang Lin, Mariah Cole, Alison Morris, Jeremy Martinson, Heather Mckay, Matthew Mimiaga, Joseph Margolick, Adam Fitch, Barbara Methe, Vatsala Rangachar Srinivas, Shyamal Peddada, Charles R Rinaldo (2021). Signature changes in gut microbiome are associated with increased susceptibility to HIV-1 infection in MSM. Microbiome, 9(1), 237. PMC8656045
Journal Article
Effect of Statin Therapy on Age-Associated Changes in Physical Function Among Men With and Without HIV in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
Multicenter Study
2021
Apr 1
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33230030/
Background: The longer-term risks of statins on physical function among people with HIV are unclear. Methods: Longitudinal analysis of Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study men between 40 and 75 years of age with ≥2 measures of gait speed or grip strength. Generalized estimating equations with interaction terms between (1) statin use and age and (2) HIV serostatus, age, and statin use were considered to evaluate associations between statin use and physical function. Models were adjusted for demographics and cardiovascular risk factors. Results: Among 2021 men (1048 with HIV), baseline median age was 52 (interquartile range 46-58) years; 636 were consistent, 398 intermittent, and 987 never statin users. There was a significant interaction between age, statin, and HIV serostatus for gait speed. Among people with HIV, for every 5-year age increase, gait speed (m/s) decline was marginally greater among consistent versus never statin users {-0.008 [95% confidence interval (CI) -0.017 to -0.00007]
10.1097/QAI.0000000000002579
33230030
PMC8193908
Mona Abdo, Susan J Langan, Samantha MaWhinney, Jing Sun, Jordan E Lake, Frank J Palella, Lawrence Kingsley, Todd T Brown, Kristine M Erlandson (2021). Effect of Statin Therapy on Age-Associated Changes in Physical Function Among Men With and Without HIV in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Multicenter Study, (), . PMC8193908
Journal Article
New Creatinine- and Cystatin C-Based Equations to Estimate GFR without Race
N Engl J Med
2021
Nov 4
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34554658/
Background: Current equations for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) that use serum creatinine or cystatin C incorporate age, sex, and race to estimate measured GFR. However, race in eGFR equations is a social and not a biologic construct. Methods: We developed new eGFR equations without race using data from two development data sets: 10 studies (8254 participants, 31.5% Black) for serum creatinine and 13 studies (5352 participants, 39.7% Black) for both serum creatinine and cystatin C. In a validation data set of 12 studies (4050 participants, 14.3% Black), we compared the accuracy of new eGFR equations to measured GFR. We projected the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and GFR stages in a sample of U.S. adults, using current and new equations. Results: In the validation data set, the current creatinine equation that uses age, sex, and race overestimated measured GFR in Blacks (median, 3.7 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area; 95% confidence interval [CI]
10.1056/NEJMoa2102953
34554658
PMC8822996
Lesley A Inker, Nwamaka D Eneanya, Josef Coresh, Hocine Tighiouart, Dan Wang, Yingying Sang, Deidra C Crews, Alessandro Doria, Michelle M Estrella, Marc Froissart, Morgan E Grams, Tom Greene, Anders Grubb, Vilmundur Gudnason, Orlando M Gutiérrez, Roberto Kalil, Amy B Karger, Michael Mauer, Gerjan Navis, Robert G Nelson, Emilio D Poggio, Roger Rodby, Peter Rossing, Andrew D Rule, Elizabeth Selvin, Jesse C Seegmiller, Michael G Shlipak, Vicente E Torres, Wei Yang, Shoshana H Ballew, Sara J Couture, Neil R Powe, Andrew S Levey, Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (2021). New Creatinine- and Cystatin C-Based Equations to Estimate GFR without Race. N Engl J Med, 385(19), 1737-1749. PMC8822996
Journal Article
SARS-CoV-2: Vaccine Hesitancy among Underrepresented Racial and Ethnic Groups with HIV in Miami, Florida
Open Forum Infect Dis
2021
Mar 26
https://academic.oup.com/ofid/advance-article/doi/10.1093/ofid/ofab154/6189394?login=true
Background SARS-CoV-2 and HIV disproportionally affect underrepresented ethnoracial groups in the US. Medical mistrust and vaccine hesitancy will likely impact acceptability of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. This study examined SARS-CoV-2 vaccine hesitancy among underrepresented ethnoracial groups with HIV and identified factors that may reduce vaccine uptake. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of adults ≥18 years with HIV residing in Miami, FL. Participants were invited to participate in the ACTION (A Comprehensive Translational Initiative on Novel Coronavirus) cohort study. A baseline survey was administered from April-August 2020 and followed by a COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy survey from August-November 2020. The COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy survey was adapted from the Strategic Advisory Group Experts survey. Comparisons by race and ethnicity were performed using the Freedman-Haltmann extension of Fisher’s exact test Results A total of 94 participants were enrolled, mean age 54.4 year
10.1093/ofid/ofab154
34621912
PMC8083672
COVID-19, HIV, vaccine hesitancy, underrepresented racial and ethnic groups
Deborah L Jones, Ana S Salazar, Violeta J Rodriguez, Raymond R Balise, Claudia Uribe Starita, Kristiana Morgan, Patricia D Raccamarich, Emily Montgomerie, Nicholas Fonseca Nogueira, Irma Barreto Ojeda, Marissa Maddalon, Nicolle L Yanes Rodriguez, Theodora Brophy, Thais Martinez, Maria L Alcaide (2021). SARS-CoV-2: Vaccine Hesitancy among Underrepresented Racial and Ethnic Groups with HIV in Miami, Florida. Open Forum Infect Dis, (), . PMC8083672
Journal Article
Intersections of food insecurity, violence, poor mental health and substance use among US women living with and at risk for HIV: Evidence of a syndemic in need of attention
PLoS One
2021
May 26
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34038490/
Background: Food insecurity and intimate partner violence (IPV) are associated with suboptimal HIV prevention and treatment outcomes, yet limited research has explored how food insecurity and IPV intersect to influence HIV-related behaviors. To fill this gap, we conducted a qualitative study with women living with or at risk for HIV in the United States. Methods: We conducted 24 in-depth interviews with women enrolled in the San Francisco and Atlanta sites of the Women's Interagency HIV study (WIHS). Participants were purposively sampled so half were living with HIV and all reported food insecurity and IPV in the past year. Semi-structured interviews explored experiences with food insecurity and IPV, how these experiences might be related and influence HIV risk and treatment behaviors. Analysis was guided by an inductive-deductive approach. Results: A predominant theme centered on how food insecurity and IPV co-occur with poor mental health and substance use to influence HIV-related
10.1371/journal.pone.0252338
34038490
PMC8153505
food insecurity; violence; mental health; substance use; women
Anna M Leddy, Jennifer M Zakaras, Jacqueline Shieh, Amy A Conroy, Ighovwerha Ofotokun, Phyllis C Tien, Sheri D Weiser (2021). Intersections of food insecurity, violence, poor mental health and substance use among US women living with and at risk for HIV: Evidence of a syndemic in need of attention. PLoS One, 16(5), e0252338. PMC8153505
Journal Article
Prevalence and correlates of restless legs syndrome in men living with HIV
PLoS One
2021
Oct 1
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34597340/
Background: Data on the prevalence and correlates of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in people with HIV are limited. This study sought to determine the prevalence of RLS, associated clinical correlates, and characterize sleep-related differences in men with and without HIV. Methods: Sleep-related data were collected in men who have sex with men participating in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Demographic, health behaviors, HIV status, comorbidities, and serological data were obtained from the MACS visit coinciding with sleep assessments. Participants completed questionnaires, home polysomnography, and wrist actigraphy. RLS status was determined with the Cambridge-Hopkins RLS questionnaire. RLS prevalence was compared in men with and without HIV. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine correlates of RLS among all participants and men with HIV alone. Sleep-related differences were examined in men with and without HIV by RLS status. Results: The sample consisted of 94
10.1371/journal.pone.0258139
34597340
PMC8486089
Douglas M Wallace, Maria L Alcaide, William K Wohlgemuth, Deborah L Jones Weiss, Claudia Uribe Starita, Sanjay R Patel, Valentina Stosor, Andrew Levine, Carling Skvarca, Dustin M Long, Anna Rubtsova, Adaora A Adimora, Stephen J Gange, Amanda B Spence, Kathryn Anastos, Bradley E Aouizerat, Yaacov Anziska, Naresh M Punjabi (2021). Prevalence and correlates of restless legs syndrome in men living with HIV. PLoS One, 16(10), . PMC8486089
Journal Article
Obesity is associated with lower bacterial vaginosis prevalence in menopausal but not pre-menopausal women in a retrospective analysis of the Women's Interagency HIV Study
PLoS One
2021
Mar 8
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33684141/
Abstract The vaginal microbiota is known to impact women's health, but the biological factors that influence the composition of the microbiota are not fully understood. We previously observed that levels of glycogen in the lumen of the vagina were higher in women that had a high body mass index (BMI). Vaginal glycogen is thought to impact the composition of the vaginal microbiota. We therefore sought to determine if BMI was associated having or not having bacterial vaginosis (BV), as determined by the Amsel criteria. We also hypothesized that increased blood glucose levels could lead to the previously-observed higher vaginal glycogen levels and therefore investigated if hemoglobin A1c levels were associated with BV. We analyzed data from the Women's Interagency HIV Study using multiple multivariable (GEE) logistic regression models to assess the relationship between BMI, BV and blood glucose. Women with a BMI >30 kg/m2 (obese) had a lower rate (multivariable adjusted OR 0.87 (0.79-0.97
10.1371/journal.pone.0248136
33684141
PMC7939367
Elizabeth Daubert, Kathleen M Weber, Audrey L French, Dominika Seidman, Katherine Michel, Deborah Gustafson, Kerry Murphy, Christina A Muzny, Maria Alcaide, Anandi Sheth, Adaora A Adimora, Gregory T Spear (2021). Obesity is associated with lower bacterial vaginosis prevalence in menopausal but not pre-menopausal women in a retrospective analysis of the Women's Interagency HIV Study. PLoS One, 16(3), . PMC7939367
Journal Article
Evaluation of the Abbott ARCHITECT HIV Ag/Ab combo assay for determining recent HIV-1 infection
PLoS One
2021
Jul 1
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34197451/
Background: Given the challenges and costs associated with implementing HIV-1 incidence assay testing, there is great interest in evaluating the use of commercial HIV diagnostic tests for determining recent HIV infection. A diagnostic test with the capability of providing reliable data for the determination of recent HIV infection without substantial modifications to the test protocol would have a significant impact on HIV surveillance. The Abbott ARCHITECT HIV Ag/Ab Combo Assay is an antigen/antibody immunoassay, which meets the criteria as the first screening test in the recommended HIV laboratory diagnostic algorithm for the United States. Methods: In this study, we evaluated the performance characteristics of the ARCHITECT HIV Ag/Ab Combo signal-to-cutoff ratio (S/Co) for determining recent infection, including estimation of the mean duration of recent infection (MDRI) and false recent rate (FRR), and selection of recency cutoffs. Results: The MDRI estimates for the S/Co recency
10.1371/journal.pone.0242641
34197451
PMC8248699
Kelly A Curtis, Donna L Rudolph, Yi Pan, Kevin Delaney, Kathryn Anastos, Jack DeHovitz, Seble G Kassaye, Carl V Hanson, Audrey L French, Elizabeth Golub, Adaora A Adimora, Igho Ofotokun, Hector Bolivar, Mirjam-Colette Kempf, Philip J Peters, William M Switzer (2021). Evaluation of the Abbott ARCHITECT HIV Ag/Ab combo assay for determining recent HIV-1 infection. PLoS One, 16(7), . PMC8248699
Journal Article
Impact of postpartum tenofovir-based antiretroviral therapy on bone mineral density in breastfeeding women with HIV enrolled in a randomized clinical trial
PLoS One
2021
Feb 5
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33544759/
Objectives: We set out to evaluate the effect of postnatal exposure to tenofovir-containing antiretroviral therapy on bone mineral density among breastfeeding women living with HIV. Design: IMPAACT P1084s is a sub-study of the PROMISE randomized trial conducted in four African countries (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT01066858). Methods: IMPAACT P1084s enrolled eligible mother-infant pairs previously randomised in the PROMISE trial at one week after delivery to receive either maternal antiretroviral therapy (Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate / Emtricitabine + Lopinavir/ritonavir-maternal TDF-ART) or administer infant nevirapine, with no maternal antiretroviral therapy, to prevent breastmilk HIV transmission. Maternal lumbar spine and hip bone mineral density were measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at postpartum weeks 1 and 74. We studied the effect of the postpartum randomization on percent change in maternal bone mineral density in an intention-to-treat analysis with a
10.1371/journal.pone.0246272
33544759
PMC7864465
Lynda Stranix-Chibanda, Camlin Tierney, Dorothy Sebikari, Jim Aizire, Sufia Dadabhai, Admire Zanga, Cynthia Mukwasi-Kahari, Tichaona Vhembo, Avy Violari, Gerard Theron, Dhayandre Moodley, Kathleen George, Bo Fan, Markus J Sommer, Renee Browning, Lynne M Mofenson, John Shepherd, Bryan Nelson, Mary Glenn Fowler, George K Siberry, PROMISE P1084s study team (2021). Impact of postpartum tenofovir-based antiretroviral therapy on bone mineral density in breastfeeding women with HIV enrolled in a randomized clinical trial. PLoS One, 16(2), . PMC7864465
Journal Article
Psychosocial stress and neuroendocrine biomarker concentrations among women living with or without HIV
PLoS One
2021
Dec 23
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34941922/
Objective: Women living with HIV (WLWH) experience psychosocial stress related to social-structural vulnerabilities. To investigate neuroendocrine pathways linking stress and increased cardiovascular disease risk among WLWH, we evaluated associations between psychosocial stress (i.e., perceived stress, posttraumatic stress, and experiences of race- and gender-based harassment) and a composite neuroendocrine biomarker index among WLWH and women without HIV. Methods: In 2019-2020, Women's Interagency HIV Study participants in Washington, DC completed a questionnaire and provided blood and 12-hour overnight urine samples for testing of serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) and urinary free cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. Psychosocial stress was measured using the Perceived Stress Scale, PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version, and Racialized Sexual Harassment Scale. Latent profile analysis was used to classify participants into low (38%), moderate (44%), and high (18%) stress
10.1371/journal.pone.0261746
34941922
PMC8699620
Matthew E Levy, Ansley Waters, Sabyasachi Sen, Amanda D Castel, Michael Plankey, Sherry Molock, Federico Asch, Lakshmi Goparaju, Seble Kassaye (2021). Psychosocial stress and neuroendocrine biomarker concentrations among women living with or without HIV. PLoS One, 16(12), . PMC8699620
Journal Article
Primary and secondary supportive partnerships among HIV-positive and HIV-negative middle-aged and older gay men
PLoS One
2021
Feb 17
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33596240/
This study describes the primary and secondary partnerships of aging gay men participating in the Understanding Patterns of Healthy Aging Among Men Who Have Sex with Men substudy of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and examines differences in the prevalence of these relationship structures by HIV status while adjusting for age, education, and race/ethnicity. Relationships were compared within the following structural categories: "only a primary partnership", "only a secondary partnership", "both a primary and secondary relationship", or "neither a primary nor secondary relationship". There were 1,054 participants (51.9% HIV negative/48.1% HIV positive) included in the study. Participants had a median age of 62.0 years (interquartile range: 56.0-67.0) and most reported being non-Hispanic white (74.6%) and college educated (88.0%). Of the 1,004 participants with available partnership status data, 384 (38.2%) reported no primary or secondary partnerships, 108 (10.8%) reported secondary-o
10.1371/journal.pone.0245863
33596240
PMC7888601
Matthew Statz, Deanna Ware, Nicholas Perry, David Huebner, Christopher Cox, Andre Brown, Steven Meanley, Sabina Haberlen, James Egan, Mark Brennan, Linda A Teplin, Robert Bolan, M Reuel Friedman, Michael Plankey (2021). Primary and secondary supportive partnerships among HIV-positive and HIV-negative middle-aged and older gay men. PLoS One, 16(2), e0245863. PMC7888601
Journal Article
Viral suppression among middle-aged and aging MSM living with HIV: Partnership type and quality
PLoS One
2021
Oct 1
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34597316/
Functional support-the availability of material aid, emotional support, or companionship-promotes general well-being. For men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV, having a person who supports you associates with viral suppression. This study examines the association between supportive partnerships and HIV viral suppression among middle-aged and aging MSM living with HIV. A total of 423 middle-aged and aging MSM (mean age, 58.2 years) from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study provided self-reported data about their partnerships. Separate Poisson regression models assessed how partnership type, support, strain, and duration from April 2017 were associated with repeated viral load measurements up to April 2019. Of the follow-up visits (N = 1289), 90.0% of participants were virally suppressed. Most participants reported being non-Hispanic White (61.0%) and college-educated (83.4%). Participants were asked about their primary partnerships (i.e., "someone they are committed to above any
10.1371/journal.pone.0258032
34597316
PMC8486120
Vaibhav Penukonda, Timothy Utz, Nicholas S Perry, Deanna Ware, Mark Brennan-Ing, Steven Meanley, Andre Brown, Sabina Haberlen, James Egan, Steven Shoptaw, Linda A Teplin, M Reuel Friedman, Michael Plankey (2021). Viral suppression among middle-aged and aging MSM living with HIV: Partnership type and quality. PLoS One, 16(10), . PMC8486120
Journal Article
Factors associated with syphilis seroprevalence in women with and at-risk for HIV infection in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (1994-2015)
Sex Transm Infect
2021
Jan 6
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33408096/
Objective: Syphilis rates among women in the USA more than doubled between 2014 and 2018. We sought to identify correlates of syphilis among women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) to inform targeted interventions.
10.1136/sextrans-2020-054674
33408096
PMC9099234
HIV women; epidemiology; risk factors; seroprevalence; syphilis
Kristal J Aaron, Ilene Brill, Zenoria Causey-Pruitt, Kerry Murphy 4, Michael Augenbraun, Seble Kassaye, Joel E Milam, Dominika Seidman, Audrey L French, Stephen J Gange, Adaora A Adimora, Anandi N Sheth, Margaret A Fischl, Barbara Van Der Pol, Jeanne Marrazzo, Mirjam-Colette Kempf, Jodie Dionne-Odom (2021). Factors associated with syphilis seroprevalence in women with and at-risk for HIV infection in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (1994-2015). Sex Transm Infect, (), . PMC9099234
Journal Article
Social-environmental resiliencies protect against loneliness among HIV-Positive and HIV- negative older men who have sex with men: Results from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS)
Soc Sci Med
2021
Jan 23
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33550066/
Rationale: Loneliness is associated with negative health outcomes, such as cardiovascular disease, cognitive impairment, dementia, physical functional decline, depression, and increased mortality risk, among HIV- positive and HIV-negative older men who have sex with men (MSM). Given these negative health outcomes, it is imperative to identify factors that minimize loneliness in these vulnerable groups. Objective: We sought to examine whether social-environmental resiliencies-defined as an individual's level of support, social bonding, and psychological sense of community among gay men-buffer against symptoms of loneliness. Method: We analyzed longitudinal data from 1,255 older MSM with and without HIV infection, all of whom were enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Using longitudinal latent class analysis (LLCA), we identified three underlying classes (Social Connectors, Non-community Connectors, and Social Isolates) in the social environment of the sample. We assess
10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113711
33550066
PMC8900533
HIV/AIDS; Loneliness; Older men who have sex with men; Resilience; Social bonding; Social cohesion; Social environment; Social support
Maria De Jesus, Deanna Ware, Andre L Brown, James E Egan, Sabina A Haberlen, Frank Joseph Palella Jr, Roger Detels, M Reuel Friedman, Michael W Plankey (2021). Social-environmental resiliencies protect against loneliness among HIV-Positive and HIV- negative older men who have sex with men: Results from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Soc Sci Med, (), 272. PMC8900533
Journal Article
The effect of discrimination and resilience on depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older men who have sex with men
Stigma and Health
2021
July 22
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35935592/
This study investigated the associations between homophobic and racist discrimination and increased depressive symptoms among 960 middle-aged and older men who have sex with men (MSM) and how resilience moderated these relationships. We used five waves of longitudinal data from the Healthy Aging substudy of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). We used linear regression analyses to model depressive symptoms as a function of discrimination. We used linear mixed analyses to model changes in mean resilience scores across visits. We used linear regression analyses to model depressive symptoms as a function of changes in resilience and to test the moderation effects of resilience on the relationship between discrimination and depressive symptoms. The models accounted for repeated measures of resilience. Men who experienced external and internal homophobia had greater depressive symptoms, β: 2.08; 95% CI [0.65, 3.51]; β: 1.60; 95% CI [0.76, 2.44]. Men experienced significant changes in m
10.1037/sah0000327
35935592
PMC9355118
Aging; Depression; Discrimination; Men who have Sex with Men; Resilience
Brown, A. L., Matthews, D. D., Meanley, S., Brennan-Ing, M., Haberlen, S., D'Souza, G., Ware, D., Egan, J., Shoptaw, S., Teplin, L. A., Friedman, M. R., & Plankey, M. (2021). The effect of discrimination and resilience on depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older men who have sex with men. Stigma and Health, (), . PMC9355118
Journal Article
Menopausal status and observed differences in the gut microbiome in women with and without HIV infection
The Journal of The North American Menopause Society
2021
Jan 11
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33438892/
Objective: Gut microbiota respond to host physiological phenomena, yet little is known regarding shifts in the gut microbiome due to menopausal hormonal and metabolic changes in women. HIV infection impacts menopause and may also cause gut dysbiosis. We therefore sought to determine the association between menopausal status and gut microbiome composition in women with and without HIV. Methods: Gut microbiome composition was assessed in stool from 432 women (99 premenopausal HIV+, 71 premenopausal HIV-, 182 postmenopausal HIV+, 80 postmenopausal HIV-) via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We examined cross-sectional associations of menopause with gut microbiota overall diversity and composition, and taxon and inferred metagenomic pathway abundance. Models were stratified by HIV serostatus and adjusted for age, HIV-related variables, and other potential confounders. Results: Menopause, ie post- versus premenopausal status, was associated with overall microbial composition only in women with HI
10.1097/GME.0000000000001730
33438892
PMC8068580
Gut microbiome, HIV, Menopause
Peters BA, Xue X, Wang Z, Usyk M, Santoro N, Sharma A, Anastos K, Tien PC, Golub ET, Weber KM, Gustafson D, Kaplan RC, Burk R, Qi Q (2021). Menopausal status and observed differences in the gut microbiome in women with and without HIV infection. The Journal of The North American Menopause Society, 28(5), 491-501. PMC8068580
Journal Article
Syndemic burden and systemic inflammation, HIV health status, and blood pressure among women with unsuppressed HIV viral loads among women living with HIV
AIDS
2020
Nov 1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32694420
Introduction: Smoking, low education, obesity, and depressive symptoms are all associated with HIV health status, increased blood pressure, and inflammation, and constitute a syndemic burden that may contribute to poor health outcomes. The current study examined syndemic burden and health outcomes among women living with HIV. Methods: Women were participants enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Outcomes included blood pressure, HIV health status (HIV-1 RNA viral load and CD4 T-cell counts), and IL-6. Syndemic burden was defined as a count variable of low education, obesity, cigarette use, and depressive symptoms. Results: Women (N = 131) were an average of 60.54 years of age (SD = 8.86), and 49% were non-Hispanic Black. In multivariable analyses, syndemic burden was not significantly associated with SBP (P = 0.342) or DBP (P = 0.763), IL-6 (P = 0.168), or CD4 cell count (P = 0.846). However, syndemic burden was associated with increased viral load (age adjusted β = 0.35, P
10.1097/QAD.0000000000002617
32694420
PMC7541665
HIV, syndemic, women, Women\'s Interagency HIV Study
Deborah L Jones , Violeta J Rodriguez, Maria Luisa Alcaide, Adam Carrico, Margaret A Fischl, Natalie E Chichetto, Carlos J Rodriguez, Michael A Welsch, Rachael Farah-Abraham, Adaora A Adimora, Gypsyamber DʼSouza , Mardge H Cohen, Sanyog Shitole , Daniel Merenstein, Jason Lazar (2020). Syndemic burden and systemic inflammation, HIV health status, and blood pressure among women with unsuppressed HIV viral loads among women living with HIV. AIDS, 34(13), 1959-1963. PMC7541665
Journal Article
Lung function in men with and without HIV
AIDS
2020
Jul 1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32287070
Conclusions: Menopause stage was a key determinant of cognition in a sample of low-income women of color, including WWH. Many of these changes reached a clinically significant level of cognitive impairment.
10.1097/QAD.0000000000002526
32287070
PMC7362901
chronic obstructive, HIV, pulmonary disease, pulmonary gas exchange, respiratory function tests, spirometry
K. M. N. Kunisaki, M., Jensen, R. L., Chang, D., D'Souza, G., Fitzpatrick, M. E., McCormack, M. C., Stosor, V., Morris, A. (2020). Lung function in men with and without HIV. AIDS, 34(8), 1227-1235. PMC7362901
Journal Article
Measuring the contribution of γδ T cells to the persistent HIV reservoir
AIDS
2020
Mar 1
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31764074/
Objective: To study the contribution of γδ T cells to the persistent HIV reservoir. Design: Fifteen HIV-seropositive individuals on suppressive ART were included. We performed parallel quantitative viral outgrowth assays (QVOA) of resting CD4 T (rCD4) cells in the presence or absence of γδ T cells. Methods: Resting αβ+CD4 T cells were magnetically isolated from PBMCs using two different custom cocktails, only one kit contained antibodies to deplete γδ T cells, resulting in two populations: rCD4 cells and rCD4 cells depleted of γδ cells. Frequency of infection was analyzed by QVOA and DNA measurements. Results: Recovery of replication-competent HIV from cultures of rCD4 cells was similar in 11 individuals despite the presence of γδ T cells. In four donors, HIV recovery was lower when γδ T cells were present. Expression of the cytotoxic marker CD16 on Vδ2 cells was the only variable associated with the lower HIV recovery. Our results highlight the potency of those responses since a me
10.1097/QAD.0000000000002434
31764074
PMC6994336
antiviral function, CD16+, gammadelta T cells, HIV latency, HIV reservoir, resting CD4+ cells
Katherine S James, Ilana Trumble, Matthew L Clohosey, Matthew Moeser, Nadia R Roan, Adaora A Adimora, Sarah B Joseph, Nancie M Archin, Michael Hudgens, Natalia Soriano-Sarabia (2020). Measuring the contribution of γδ T cells to the persistent HIV reservoir. AIDS, 34(3), 363-371. PMC6994336
Journal Article
Longitudinal assessment of abnormal Papanicolaou test rates among women with HIV
AIDS
2020
Jan 1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31789890
Objective: To describe longitudinal changes in the prevalence of abnormal Papanicolau testing among women living with HIV. Design: Prospective cohort study with sequential enrollment subcohorts. Methods: Four waves of enrollment occurred in the Women's Interagency HIV Study, the US women's HIV cohort (1994-1995, 2001-2002, 2011-2012, 2013-2015). Pap testing was done at intake, with colposcopy prescribed for any abnormality. Rates of abnormal Pap test results (atypical squamous cells of uncertain significance or worse) and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 (CIN2) or worse were calculated. Logistic regression models assessed changes in prevalence across cohorts after controlling for severity of HIV disease and other risk factors for abnormal Pap tests. Results: The unadjusted prevalence of any Pap abnormality was 679/1769 (38%) in the original cohort, 195/684 (29%) in the 2001-2002 cohort, 46/231 (20%) in the 2011-2012 cohort, and 71/449 (16%) in the 2013-2015 cohort. In mult
10.1097/QAD.0000000000002388
31789890
PMC7138211
HIV infection in women, Papanicolaou test, Women\'s Interagency HIV Study
Massad LS, Xie X, Minkoff H, Kassaye S, Karim R, Darragh TM, Golub ET, Adimora A, Wingood G, Fischl M, Konkle-Parker D, Strickler HD. (2020). Longitudinal assessment of abnormal Papanicolaou test rates among women with HIV. AIDS, 34(1), 73-80. PMC7138211
Journal Article
Female genital tract shedding of HIV-1 is rare in women with suppressed HIV-1 in plasma
AIDS
2020
Jan 1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31483374
Objective: Determine the frequency of genital HIV-1 shedding in a large cohort of women on long-term suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) and its association with mucosal inflammation. Design: We measured levels of HIV-1 RNA and inflammation biomarkers in cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) from HIV-seropositive women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). Methods: HIV-1 was quantified (Abbott RealTime HIV-1 assay) from CVL samples of 332 WIHS participants with and without clinical evidence of genital inflammation at the time of CVL collection; participants had suppressed plasma viral load (PVL; limit of quantitation less than 20-4000 copies/ml depending on year of collection) for a median of 7.1 years [interquartile range (IQR) 3.4-9.8, Group 1] or for a median of 1.0 years (IQR = 0.5-1.0, Group 2). Twenty-two biomarkers of inflammation were measured in CVL to compare with clinical markers. Results: HIV-1 was detected in 47% of 38 pre-ART CVL samples (median 668 copies/m
10.1097/QAD.0000000000002373
31483374
PMC6910230
cervicovaginal lavage, genital HIV-1 shedding, genital inflammation, inflammation biomarkers, suppressed, Women\'s Interagency HIV Study, women
Nelson JAE, De Paris K, Ramirez C, Edmonds A, Mollan KR, Bay CP, Compliment K, Herold BC, Anastos K, Minkoff H, Kassaye S, Seidman DL, French AL, Golub ET, Sheth AN, Ochsenbauer C, Swanstrom R, Eron JJ, Adimora AA. (2020). Female genital tract shedding of HIV-1 is rare in women with suppressed HIV-1 in plasma. AIDS, 34(1), 39-46. PMC6910230
Journal Article
Longitudinal Associations Between Neighborhood Factors and HIV Care Outcomes in the WIHS
AIDS Behav
2020
Mar 13
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32170507
Identifying structural determinants affecting HIV outcomes is important for informing interventions across heterogeneous geographies. Longitudinal hierarchical generalized mixed-effects models were used to quantify the associations between changes in certain structural-level factors on HIV care engagement, medication adherence, and viral suppression. Among women living with HIV in the WIHS, ten-unit increases in census-tract level proportions of unemployment, poverty, and lack of car ownership were inversely associated with viral suppression and medication adherence, while educational attainment and owner-occupied housing were positively associated with both outcomes. Notably, increased residential stability (aOR 5.68, 95% CI 2.93, 9.04) was positively associated with HIV care engagement, as were unemployment (aOR: 1.59, 95% CI 1.57, 1.60), lack of car ownership (aOR 1.14, 95% CI 1.13, 1.15), and female-headed households (aOR 1.23, 95% CI 1.22, 1.23). This underscores the importance of
10.1007/s10461-020-02830-4
32170507
PMC7483905
Neighborhood determinants, HIV, Adherence, Care engagement, WIHS
Chandran, A., Benning, L., Wentz, E., Adedimeji, A., Wilson, T. E., Blair-Spence, A., Palar, K., Cohen, M., Adimora, A. (2020). Longitudinal Associations Between Neighborhood Factors and HIV Care Outcomes in the WIHS. AIDS Behav, 24(10), 2811-2818. PMC7483905
Journal Article
Internalized HIV Stigma and Pain among Women with HIV in the United States: The Mediating Role of Depressive Symptoms
AIDS Behav
2020
May 16
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32418165
Pain is common in women with HIV, though little research has focused on psychosocial experiences contributing to pain in this population. In the present study we examined whether internalized HIV stigma predicts pain, and whether depressive symptoms mediate this relationship among women with HIV. Data were drawn from the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), for 1,364 women with HIV who completed three study visits between 2015 and 2016. We used a sequential longitudinal design to assess the relationship between internalized HIV stigma at time 1 on pain at time 3 through depressive symptoms at time 2. Analyses revealed internalized HIV stigma was prospectively associated with greater pain, B = 5.30, 95% CI [2.84, 7.60]. The indirect effect through depressive symptoms supported mediation, B = 3.68, 95% CI [2.69, 4.79]. Depression is a modifiable risk factor that can be addressed to improve pain prevention and intervention for women with HIV.
10.1007/s10461-020-02919-w
32418165
PMC7669722
Depression, HIV, Internalized stigma, Pain, WIHS, Women
Crockett KB, Esensoy TA, Johnson MO, Neilands TB, Kempf MC, Konkle-Parker D, Wingood G, Tien PC, Cohen M, Wilson TE, Logie CH, Sosanya O, Plankey M, Golub E, Adimora AA, Parish C, D Weiser S, Turan JM, Turan B (2020). Internalized HIV Stigma and Pain among Women with HIV in the United States: The Mediating Role of Depressive Symptoms. AIDS Behav, 24(12), 3482-3490. PMC7669722
Journal Article
Starting or Switching to an Integrase Inhibitor-Based Regimen Affects PTSD Symptoms in Women with HIV
AIDS Behav
2020
July 7
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32638219
As the use of Integrase inhibitor (INSTI)-class antiretroviral medications becomes more common to maintain long-term viral suppression, early reports suggest the potential for CNS side-effects when starting or switching to an INSTI-based regimen. In a population already at higher risk for developing mood and anxiety disorders, these drugs may have significant effects on PTSD scale symptom scores, particularly in women with HIV (WWH). A total of 551 participants were included after completing >/= 1 WIHS study visits before and after starting/switching to an INSTI-based ART regimen. Of these, 14% were ART naive, the remainder switched from primarily a protease inhibitor (PI) or non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based regimen. Using multivariable linear mixed effects models, we compared PTSD Civilian Checklist subscale scores before and after a "start/switch" to dolutegravir (DTG), raltegravir (RAL), or elvitegravir (EVG). Start/switch to EVG improved re-experiencing
10.1007/s10461-020-02967-2
32638219
PMC7948485
HIV1, PTSD, Stress, Antiretroviral, Integrase inhibitors, Women
Kamkwalala AR, Wang K, O'Halloran J, Williams DW, Dastgheyb R, Fitzgerald KC, Spence AB, Maki PM, Gustafson DR, Milam J, Sharma A, Weber KM, Adimora AA, Ofotokun I, Sheth AN, Lahiri CD, Fischl MA, Konkle-Parker D, Xu Y, Rubin LH (2020). Starting or Switching to an Integrase Inhibitor-Based Regimen Affects PTSD Symptoms in Women with HIV. AIDS Behav, 25(1), 225-236. PMC7948485
Journal Article
Interest in Long-Acting Injectable Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (LAI PrEP) Among Women in the Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS): A Qualitative Study Across Six Cities in the United States
AIDS Behav
2020
Sept 10
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32910351/
Long-acting injectable (LAI) pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has the potential to facilitate adherence and transform HIV prevention. However, little LAI PrEP research has occurred among women, who face unique barriers. We conducted 30 in-depth interviews with HIV-negative women from 2017-2018 across six sites (New York; Chicago; San Francisco; Atlanta; Washington, DC; Chapel Hill) of the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic content analysis. Few women expressed interest in PrEP and when prompted to choose a regimen, 55% would prefer LAI, 10% daily pills, and 33% said they would not take PrEP regardless of formulation. Perceived barriers included: (1) the fear of new-and perceived untested-injectable products and (2) potential side effects (e.g., injection-site pain, nausea). Facilitators included: (1) believing shots were more effective than pills; (2) ease and convenience; and (3) confidentiality. Future studies should incor
10.1007/s10461-020-03023-9
32910351
PMC7886938
AIDS; HIV; Long-acting injectable (LAI); Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP); Prevention; Qualitative research; Women
Philbin MM, Parish C, Kinnard EN, Reed SE, Kerrigan D, Alcaide ML, Cohen MH, Sosanya O, Sheth AN, Adimora AA, Cocohoba J, Goparaju L, Golub ET, Fischl M, Metsch LR. (2020). Interest in Long-Acting Injectable Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (LAI PrEP) Among Women in the Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS): A Qualitative Study Across Six Cities in the United States. AIDS Behav, 25(3), 667-678. PMC7886938
Journal Article
Associations between population density and clinical and sociodemographic factors in women living with HIV in the Southern United States
AIDS Care
2020
May 25
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32449377
To explore the associations of urbanicity with clinical/behavioral outcomes and sociodemographic factors among women living with HIV in the Southern United States, 523 participants of the Women's Interagency HIV Study were classified into population density quartiles. Rural-Urban Commuting Area codes revealed that 7% resided in areas where >30% commute to urban areas, 2% resided in small towns or rural areas, and 91% resided in varying densities of urban areas. Although women in lower density, mostly suburban areas reported higher socioeconomic indicators such as advanced education and greater annual household income, larger proportions of women in the lowest density quartile perceived discrimination in health care settings and agreed with several internalized HIV stigma scale items. Women in the lower quartiles had higher CD4 counts, while those in the lowest quartile were more likely to have a suppressed HIV viral load, report being employed, and not report a history of drug use or c
10.1080/09540121.2020.1769829
32449377
PMC7686024
Population density Southern US clinical outcomes stigma
A. H. Edmonds, D. F., Tong, W., Kempf, M. C., Rahangdale, L., Adimora, A. A., Anastos, K., Cohen, M. H., Fischl, M., Wilson, T. E., Wingood, G., Konkle-Parker, D. (2020). Associations between population density and clinical and sociodemographic factors in women living with HIV in the Southern United States. AIDS Care, (), 10-Jan. PMC7686024
Journal Article
Health insurance and AIDS Drug Assistance Program (ADAP) increases retention in care among women living with HIV in the United States
AIDS Care
2020
Nov 25
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33233937/
Our objective was to examine the association between healthcare payer type and missed HIV care visits among 1,366 US women living with HIV (WLWH) enrolled in the prospective Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). We collected secondary patient-level data (October 1, 2017-September 30, 2018) from WLWH at nine WIHS sites. We used bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression to examine the relationship between healthcare payer type (cross-classification of patients' ADAP and health insurance enrollment) and missed visits-based retention in care, defined as no-show appointments for which patients did not reschedule. Our sample included all WLWH who self-reported having received HIV care at least once during the two consecutive biannual WIHS visits a year prior to October 1, 2017-September 30, 2018. In the bivariate model, compared to uninsured WLWH without ADAP, WLWH with private insurance + ADAP were more likely to be retained in care, as were WLWH with Medicaid only and private
10.1080/09540121.2020.1849529
33233937
PMC8144231
AIDS Drug Assistance Program; Women living with HIV; Women’s Interagency HIV study; retention in care
Emma Sophia Kay, Andrew Edmonds, Christina Ludema, Adaora Adimora, Maria L Alcaide, Aruna Chandran, Mardge H Cohen, Mallory O Johnson, Seble Kassaye, Mirjam-Colette Kempf, Caitlin A Moran, Oluwakemi Sosanya, Tracey E Wilson (2020). Health insurance and AIDS Drug Assistance Program (ADAP) increases retention in care among women living with HIV in the United States. AIDS Care, (), . PMC8144231
Journal Article
Mechanisms from Food Insecurity to Worse HIV Treatment Outcomes in US Women Living with HIV
AIDS Patient Care and STDs
2020
Sep 17
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32941054/
Food insecurity (FI) contributes to HIV-related morbidity and mortality, but the mechanisms whereby FI negatively impacts HIV health are untested. We tested the hypothesis that FI leads to poor HIV clinical outcomes through nutritional, mental health, and behavioral paths. We analyzed data from Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) among 1803 women living with HIV (WLWH) (8225 person-visits) collected from 2013 to 2015 biannually from nine sites across the United States participating in the WIHS. FI was measured with the US Household Food Security Survey Module. Outcomes included HIV viral nonsuppression, CD4 cell counts, and physical health status (PHS). We used longitudinal logistic and linear regression models with random effects to examine associations adjusting for covariates and path analysis to test nutritional, mental health, and behavioral paths. Increasing severity of FI was associated with unsuppressed viral load, lower CD4 counts, and worse PHS (all p < 0.05). Report of FI 6
10.1089/apc.2020.0009
32941054
PMC7585614
HIV; antiretroviral adherence; food insecurity; mental health; nutrition; women.
S. D. S. Weiser, Lila A, Palar, Kartika, Kushel, Margot, Wilson, Tracey E, Adedimeji, Adebola, Merenstein, Dan, Cohen, Mardge, Turan, Janet M, Metsch, Lisa (2020). Mechanisms from Food Insecurity to Worse HIV Treatment Outcomes in US Women Living with HIV. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 34(10), 425-435. PMC7585614
Journal Article
Resilience and HIV Treatment Outcomes Among Women Living with HIV in the United States: A Mixed-Methods Analysis
AIDS Patient Care STDS
2020
July 31
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32757978
Resilience is defined as the ability and process to transform adversity into opportunities for growth and adaptation. Resilience may be especially important for people living with HIV (PLWH), who are susceptible to anxiety and depressive disorders, which are commonly linked to risk behaviors (i.e., alcohol and drug abuse), poor adherence to medical regimens, increased risk of morbidity and mortality, and related stigma and discrimination. To date, few studies have examined the impact of resilience on health-related behaviors and outcomes among PLWH, particularly among minority women living with HIV (WLWH) who are dealing with multiple stressors impacting their health. This study used a convergent parallel mixed-methods design to collect, analyze, and integrate qualitative and quantitative data from a subsample of WLWH enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). The aims of the study were to (1) qualitatively examine the resilience perspectives of 76 marginalized WLWH, and; (2
10.1089/apc.2019.0309
32757978
PMC7415239
HIV; HIV outcomes; mixed methods; resilience; women living with HIV
Fletcher FE, Sherwood NR, Rice WS, Yigit I, Ross SN, Wilson TE, Weiser SD, Johnson MO, Kempf MC, Konkle-Parker D, Wingood G, Turan JM, Turan B (2020). Resilience and HIV Treatment Outcomes Among Women Living with HIV in the United States: A Mixed-Methods Analysis. AIDS Patient Care STDS, 34(8), 356-366. PMC7415239
Journal Article
Mitochondrial DNA Haplogroups and Frailty in Adults Living with HIV
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2020
Jan 14
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31822125/
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup has been associated with disease risk and longevity. Among persons with HIV (PWH), mtDNA haplogroup has been associated with AIDS progression, neuropathy, cognitive impairment, and gait speed decline. We sought to determine whether haplogroup is associated with frailty and its components among older PWH. A cross-sectional analysis was performed of AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5322 (HAILO) participants with available genome-wide genotype and frailty assessments. Multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for age, gender, education, smoking, hepatitis C, and prior use of didanosine/stavudine. Among 634 participants, 81% were male, 49% non-Hispanic white, 31% non-Hispanic black, and 20% Hispanic. Mean age was 51.0 (standard deviation 7.5) years and median nadir CD4 count was 212 (interquartile range 72, 324) cells/μL; 6% were frail, 7% had slow gait, and 21% weak grip. H haplogroup participants were more likely to be frail/prefrail (p = .064), ha
10.1089/AID.2019.0233
31822125
PMC7133433
HIV; aging; frailty; haplotypes; mitochondria; sarcopenia.
Kristine M Erlandson, Yuki Bradford, David C Samuels, Todd T Brown, Jing Sun, Kunling Wu, Katherine Tassiopoulos, Marylyn D Ritchie, David W Haas, Todd Hulgan (2020). Mitochondrial DNA Haplogroups and Frailty in Adults Living with HIV. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, (), . PMC7133433
Journal Article
Short Communication: Comparison of Calculated Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) Values in HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Men Using the Traditional Friedewald and the Novel Martin-Hopkins LDL-C Equations
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2020
Jan 6
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31813226
The Martin-Hopkins equation used to calculate low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is more accurate than the traditional Friedewald equation, especially at higher triglyceride levels, which are more common in people with HIV (PWH). Thus, using LDL-C values calculated by the Martin-Hopkins equation may improve clinical care of PWH.
10.1089/AID.2019.0220
31813226
PMC7071028
HIV; LDL-C; Martin–Hopkins LDL-C equation; hypertriglyceridemia; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
Schneider EE, Sarkar S, Margolick JB, Martin SS, Post WS, Brown TT (2020). Short Communication: Comparison of Calculated Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) Values in HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Men Using the Traditional Friedewald and the Novel Martin-Hopkins LDL-C Equations. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 36(3), 176-179. PMC7071028
Journal Article
Effect of Statin Use on Inflammation and Immune Activation Biomarkers in HIV-Infected Persons on Effective Antiretroviral Therapy
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2020
Dec 29
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33238713/
Immune activation and inflammation are hallmarks of chronic HIV infection and are etiologically linked to major causes of morbidity and mortality among HIV-infected persons, including coronary artery disease and cancer. Systemic immune activation is dampened, but not resolved, with use of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Statins are cardioprotective drugs that also appear to have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. We sought to understand the association between statin use, cART, and levels of circulating immune markers in a longitudinal cohort study. From 2004 to 2009, statin use was ascertained in male participants of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) using interviewer-administered questionnaires. Twenty-four circulating markers of immune activation and inflammation were measured in archived serial samples from a subset of cohort members using multiplex assays. Propensity-adjusted generalized gamma models were used to compare biomarkers' distributions
10.1089/AID.2020.0127
33238713
PMC8112711
HIV; cytokine; immune activation; inflammation; statins
Shehnaz K Hussain , Asieh Golozar, Daniel P Widney, Giovanna Rappocciolo, Sudhir Penugonda, Jay H Bream, Otoniel Martínez-Maza, Lisa P Jacobson (2020). Effect of Statin Use on Inflammation and Immune Activation Biomarkers in HIV-Infected Persons on Effective Antiretroviral Therapy. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, (), . PMC8112711
Journal Article
Food insecurity and neurocognitive function among women living with or at risk for HIV in the United States
Am J Clin Nutr
2020
Nov 11
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32844175
Background: Neurocognitive impairment (NCI) persists among women living with HIV. Food insecurity is also common among women and may be an important modifiable contributor of NCI. Objective: The goal of this study was to determine the association of food insecurity with neurocognitive function among women living with or without HIV. Methods: From 2013 to 2015, we analyzed data from a cross-sectional sample from the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). Measures included food insecurity and a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery assessing executive function, processing speed, attention/working memory, learning, memory, fluency, and motor function. We conducted multivariable linear regressions to examine associations between food insecurity and domain-specific neurocognitive performance, adjusting for relevant sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical factors. Results: Participants (n = 1,324) were predominantly HIV seropositive (68%), Black/African-American (68%) or Hispani
10.1093/ajcn/nqaa209
32844175
PMC7657325
HIV; food insecurity; neurocognitive function; neurocognitive impairment; women
Tan JY, A Sheira L, Frongillo EA, A Adimora A, Tien PC, Konkle-Parker D, Golub ET, Merenstein D, Levin S, Cohen M, Ofotokun I, A Fischl M, Rubin LH, Weiser SD (2020). Food insecurity and neurocognitive function among women living with or at risk for HIV in the United States. Am J Clin Nutr, 112(5), 1280-1286. PMC7657325
Journal Article
A New Panel Estimated GFR, Including β 2-Microglobulin and β-Trace Protein and Not Including Race, Developed in a Diverse Population
Am J Kidney Dis
2020
Dec 7
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33301877/
Rationale and objective: GFR estimation based on creatinine and cystatin C (eGFRcr-cys) is more accurate than eGFR based on either creatinine or cystatin C alone (eGFRcr or eGFRcys), but the inclusion of creatinine in eGFRcr-cys requires specification of a person's race. Beta-2-microglobulin (B2M) and beta-trace protein (BTP) are alternative filtration markers that appear to be less influenced by race than creatinine. Study design: Study of diagnostic test accuracy. Setting: and Participants: Development in pooled population of seven studies with 5017 participants with and without chronic kidney disease. External validation in a pooled population of seven other studies with 2245 participants. Tests compared: Panel eGFR using B2M and BTP in addition to cystatin C (three-marker panel) or creatinine and cystatin C (four-marker panel) with and without age and sex or race. Outcomes: GFR measured as the urinary clearance of iothalamate, plasma clearance of iohexol, or plasma clearance of
10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.11.005
33301877
PMC8102017
Glomerular filtration rate; beta trace protein; beta-2- microglobulin; creatinine; cystatin C; estimating equations; race
Lesley A Inker, Sara J Couture, Hocine Tighiouart, Alison G Abraham, Gerald J Beck, Harold I Feldman, Tom Greene, Vilmundur Gudnason, Amy B Karger, John H Eckfeldt, Bertram L Kasiske, Michael Mauer, Gerjan Navis, Emilio D Poggio, Peter Rossing, Michael G Shlipak, Andrew S Levey, CKD-EPI GFR Collaborators (2020). A New Panel Estimated GFR, Including β 2-Microglobulin and β-Trace Protein and Not Including Race, Developed in a Diverse Population. Am J Kidney Dis, (), . PMC8102017
Journal Article
Prevalence and Consequences of Perceived Vision Difficulty in Aging Adults with HIV-infection
Am J Ophthalmol
2020
July 2
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32621897/
Purpose: Despite well-known ocular complications of HIV-related immune suppression, few studies have examined the prevalence and consequences of visual impairment among aging long-term survivors of HIV. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Methods: Aging HIV-infected (HIV+) men who have sex with men (MSM) and HIV-uninfected (HIV-) MSM controls reported their difficulty performing 6 vision-dependent tasks (difficulty defined as: no, a little, moderate, and extreme difficulty). Relationships were examined using logistic regression, regressing each outcome separately on categorical visual function responses, with missing data multiply imputed. Results: There were 634 age-matched pairs for a total sample of 1,268 MSM of 1,700 MSM with available data. The median age was 60 years old (interquartile range [IQR], 54, 66), and 23% were African American. Among HIV+ men, 95% were virally suppressed (viral load <400 copies/mL). HIV+ men were more likely to report moderate or extreme difficulty p
10.1016/j.ajo.2020.06.018
32621897
PMC9230650
Alison G Abraham, Ann Ervin, Bonnie Swenor, Pradeep Ramulu, Roomasa Channa, Xiangrong Kong, Valentina Stosor, M Reuel Friedman, Roger Detels, Michael Plankey (2020). Prevalence and Consequences of Perceived Vision Difficulty in Aging Adults with HIV-infection. Am J Ophthalmol, (), . PMC9230650
Journal Article
Incarceration and Number of Sexual Partners After Incarceration Among Vulnerable US Women, 2007-2017
Am J Public Health
2020
Jan 22
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31967873
Objectives. To examine whether women's incarceration increases numbers of total and new sexual partners.Methods. US women with or at risk for HIV in a multicenter cohort study answered incarceration and sexual partner questions semiannually between 2007 and 2017. We used marginal structural models to compare total and new partners at visits not following incarceration with all visits following incarceration and visits immediately following incarceration. Covariates included demographics, HIV status, sex exchange, drug or alcohol use, and housing instability.Results. Of the 3180 participants, 155 were incarcerated. Women reported 2 partners, 3 or more partners, and new partners at 5.2%, 5.2%, and 9.3% of visits, respectively. Relative to visits not occurring after incarceration, odds ratios were 2.41 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.20, 4.85) for 2 partners, 2.03 (95% CI = 0.97, 4.26) for 3 or more partners, and 3.24 (95% CI = 1.69, 6.22) for new partners at visits immediately after in
10.2105/AJPH.2019.305410
31967873
PMC6987934
Adult Cross-Sectional Studies Female Humans Male Middle Aged Prisoners/*statistics & numerical data Sexual Behavior/*statistics & numerical data *Sexual Partners United States/epidemiology Vulnerable Populations/*statistics & numerical data Women
Knittel AK, Shook-Sa BE, Rudolph J, Edmonds A, Ramirez C, Cohen M, Adedimeji A, Taylor T, Michel KG, Milam J, Cohen J, Donohue J, Foster A, Fischl M, Konkle-Parker D, Adimora A (2020). Incarceration and Number of Sexual Partners After Incarceration Among Vulnerable US Women, 2007-2017. Am J Public Health, 110(S1), S100-S108. PMC6987934
Journal Article
Alterations in Oral Microbiota in HIV Are Related to Decreased Pulmonary Function
Am J Respir Crit Care Med
2020
Feb 15
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31682463
Rationale: Mechanisms of HIV-associated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are poorly understood. The oral microbiome shapes the lung microbiome, and gut dysbiosis can affect lung diseases; however, relationships of the oral and gut microbiome to COPD in HIV have not been explored.Objectives: To examine alterations in the oral and gut microbiome associated with pulmonary disease in persons with HIV (PWH).Methods: Seventy-five PWH and 93 HIV-uninfected men from the MACS (Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study) performed pulmonary function testing. Sequencing of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA in saliva and stool was performed. We used nonmetric multidimensional scaling, permutational multivariate ANOVA, and linear discriminant analysis to analyze communities by HIV and lung function.Measurements and Main Results: Oral microbiome composition differed by HIV and smoking status. Alterations of oral microbial communities were observed in PWH with abnormal lung function with increases in relati
10.1164/rccm.201905-1016OC
31682463
PMC7049920
Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Cohort Studies Female *Gastrointestinal Microbiome HIV Infections/*complications/*microbiology Humans Male *Microbiota Middle Aged Mouth/*microbiology Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/*etiology/*physiopathology Respiratory Function Tests *hiv *lung function *microbiome *saliva *stool
Yang L, Dunlap DG, Qin S, Fitch A, Li K, Koch CD, Nouraie M, DeSensi R, Ho KS, Martinson JJ, Methé B, Morris A (2020). Alterations in Oral Microbiota in HIV Are Related to Decreased Pulmonary Function. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 201(4), 445-457. PMC7049920
Journal Article
Marijuana use and pneumonia risk in a cohort of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected men
Ann Epidemiol
2020
Aug 5
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32763342
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of marijuana use is increasing in the United States. Marijuana smoking has been shown to impair the microbicidal activity of alveolar macrophages and decrease the number of ciliated epithelial cells in the bronchi with a parallel increase in the number of mucus-secreting surface epithelial cells, which may increase the risk of pneumonia. However, it remains unclear whether there is an association between smoking marijuana and pneumonia. METHODS: Using data from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), a long-term observational cohort study of men who have sex with men in the United States, we used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate the risk of pneumonia among HIV-infected (n = 2784) and HIV-uninfected (n = 2665) men from 1984 to 2013, adjusted for time-varying and fixed baseline covariates. RESULTS: Weekly or daily marijuana use was not significantly associated with increased risk of pneumonia among HIV-uninfected men (adjusted hazard ratio; 95% con
10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.07.018
32763342
PMC7725997
Hiv Marijuana Pneumonia
Quint JJ, Tashkin DP, McKay HS, Plankey MW, Stosor V, Friedman MR, Detels R (2020). Marijuana use and pneumonia risk in a cohort of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected men. Ann Epidemiol, (), 64-70. PMC7725997
Journal Article
Intracellular Tenofovir and Emtricitabine Concentrations in Younger and Older Women with HIV Receiving Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Emtricitabine
Antimicrob Agents Chemother
2020
Aug 20
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32631821
The altered immune states of aging and HIV infection may affect intracellular metabolism of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and emtricitabine (FTC); increased cellular senescence decreases FTC-triphosphate (FTCtp) concentrations. The effects of age and inflammation on the ratio of intracellular metabolites (IMs; tenofovir diphosphate [TFVdp] and FTCtp) to their endogenous nucleotides (ENs; dATP and dCTP), a potential treatment efficacy marker, were assessed among participants of the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), who ranged from 25 to 75 years. Samples from women receiving TDF-FTC with viral loads of <200 copies/ml were dichotomized by age at collection into two groups (</=45 years and >/=60 years). IM/EN concentrations were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) pellets; interleukin-6 (IL-6) and sCD163 were measured in plasma; senescent CD8(+) T cells were measured in viable PBMCs. The TFVdp:dATP and FTCtp:dCTP ratios had statistically significantly different
10.1128/AAC.00177-20
32631821
PMC7449168
aging emtricitabine human immunodeficiency virus intracellular drug concentration nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor tenofovir
Dumond JB, Bay CP, Nelson JAE, Davalos A, Edmonds A, De Paris K, Sykes C, Anastos K, Sharma R, Kassaye S, Tamraz B, French AL, Gange S, Ofotokun I, Fischl MA, Vance DE, Adimora AA (2020). Intracellular Tenofovir and Emtricitabine Concentrations in Younger and Older Women with HIV Receiving Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Emtricitabine. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 64(9), . PMC7449168
Journal Article
A Bayesian natural cubic B-spline varying coefficient method for non-ignorable dropout
BMC Med Res Methodol
2020
Oct 7
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33028226
BACKGROUND: Dropout is a common problem in longitudinal clinical trials and cohort studies, and is of particular concern when dropout occurs for reasons that may be related to the outcome of interest. This paper reviews common parametric models to account for dropout and introduces a Bayesian semi-parametric varying coefficient model for exponential family longitudinal data with non-ignorable dropout. METHODS: To demonstrate these methods, we present results from a simulation study and estimate the impact of drug use on longitudinal CD4 (+) T cell count and viral load suppression in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Sensitivity analyses are performed to consider the impact of model assumptions on inference. We compare results between our semi-parametric method and parametric models to account for dropout, including the conditional linear model and a parametric frailty model. We also compare results to analyses that fail to account for dropout. RESULTS: In simulation studies, we show t
10.1186/s12874-020-01135-3
33028226
PMC7539484
Moore, C. M, MaWhinney, S, Carlson, N. E, Kreidler, S. (2020). A Bayesian natural cubic B-spline varying coefficient method for non-ignorable dropout. BMC Med Res Methodol, 20(1), 250. PMC7539484
Journal Article
Examining adherence barriers among women with HIV to tailor outreach for long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy
BMC Womens Health
2020
Jul 25
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32711509
Background: Long-acting (LA) injectable antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been found non-inferior to daily oral ART in Phase 3 trials. LA ART may address key barriers to oral ART adherence and be preferable to daily pills for some people living with HIV. To date, women have been less represented than men in LA ART research. Using longitudinal data from the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) cohort of women living with HIV in the United States, we examined barriers and facilitators of daily oral ART adherence that may be related to or addressed by LA ART. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of WIHS cohort data from 1998 to 2017 among participants seen for at least 4 visits since 1998 who reported using ART at least once (n = 2601). Two dichotomous outcomes, patient-reported daily oral ART adherence and viral suppression were fit using generalized linear models, examining the role of socio-demographic and structural factors. Results: At study enrollment, the median age was 40.5
10.1186/s12905-020-01011-8
32711509
PMC7382076
Art Adherence Hiv Long-acting injectable Women
Benning L, Mantsios A, Kerrigan D, Coleman JS, Golub E, Blackstock O, Konkle-Parker D, Philbin M, Sheth A, Adimora AA, Cohen MH, Seidman D, Milam J, Kassaye SG, Taylor T, Murray M (2020). Examining adherence barriers among women with HIV to tailor outreach for long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy. BMC Womens Health, 20(1), 152. PMC7382076
Journal Article
Circulating sclerostin is associated with bone mineral density independent of HIV-serostatus
Bone Rep
2020
May 11
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32455152
Background: Low bone mineral density (BMD) is commonly observed in people living with HIV (PLWH), however the cause for this BMD loss remains unclear. Sclerostin, a bone-derived antagonist to the Wnt/β-catenin-pathway, suppresses bone remodeling and is positively associated with BMD. The goal of the current study was to investigate associations between sclerostin and BMD in a cohort of HIV-seropositive and demographically-matched seronegative women. Methods: This cross-sectional analysis used a subset of early postmenopausal women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). BMD was assessed at the lumbar spine, total hip, femoral neck, and distal and ultradistal radius via dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Circulating sclerostin was assessed via commercial ELISAs. Univariate and multivariate linear regression modeling tested associations between sclerostin and BMD after adjusting for a variety of BMD-modifying variables. Results: HIV-seropositive women had significant
10.1016/j.bonr.2020.100279
32455152
PMC7235609
Antiretroviral therapy Bone Bone mineral density Hiv Sclerostin Tenofovir
Ross RD, Sharma A, Shi Q, Hoover DR, Weber KM, Tien PC, French AL, Al-Harthi L, Yin MT (2020). Circulating sclerostin is associated with bone mineral density independent of HIV-serostatus. Bone Rep, 12(), 100279. PMC7235609
Journal Article
HIV Infection Is Associated With Variability in Ventricular Repolarization: The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS)
Circulation
2020
Jan 21
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31707799
Background: People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV+) have greater risk for sudden arrhythmic death than HIV-uninfected (HIV-) individuals. HIV-associated abnormal cardiac repolarization may contribute to this risk. We investigated whether HIV serostatus is associated with ventricular repolarization lability by using the QT variability index (QTVI), defined as a log measure of QT-interval variance indexed to heart rate variance. Methods: We studied 1123 men (589 HIV+ and 534 HIV-) from MACS (Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study), using the ZioXT ambulatory electrocardiography patch. Beat-to-beat analysis of up to 4 full days of electrocardiographic data per participant was performed using an automated algorithm (median analyzed duration [quartile 1-quartile 3]: 78.3 [66.3-83.0] hours/person). QTVI was modeled using linear mixed-effects models adjusted for demographics, cardiac risk factors, and HIV-related and inflammatory biomarkers. Results: Mean (SD) age was 60.1 (11.9) year
10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.043042
31707799
PMC7077971
Adult Aged Arrhythmias, Cardiac/*physiopathology *Electrocardiography HIV Infections/*physiopathology *hiv-1 Heart Ventricles/*physiopathology Humans Middle Aged Viral Load *aids *hiv *arrhythmias, cardiac *autonomic nervous system diseases *death, sudden, cardiac *electrocardiography, ambulatory *inflammation
Heravi AS, Etzkorn LH, Urbanek JK, Crainiceanu CM, Punjabi NM, Ashikaga H, Brown TT, Budoff MJ, D'Souza G, Magnani JW, Palella FJ Jr, Berger RD, Wu KC, Post WS (2020). HIV Infection Is Associated With Variability in Ventricular Repolarization: The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Circulation, 141(3), 176-187. PMC7077971
Journal Article
Food insecurity and T-cell dysregulation in women living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy
Clin Infect Dis
2020
Nov 28
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33247896/
Background: Food insecurity is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy, but its relationship with immune dysregulation, a hallmark of HIV infection and comorbidity, is unknown. Methods: In 241 women participating in the Women's Interagency HIV Study, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were characterized by flow cytometry to identify cell subsets, comprising surface markers of activation (%CD38+HLADR+), senescence (%CD57+CD28-), exhaustion (%PD-1+), and co-stimulation (%CD57- CD28+) on CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells. Mixed-effects linear regression models were used to assess the relationships of food insecurity with immune outcomes, accounting for repeated measures at up to three study visits and adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical factors. Results: At the baseline study visit, 71% of participants identified as non-Hispanic Black, 75% were virally suppressed, and 43% experienced food insecurity. Food insecurity was associate
10.1093/cid/ciaa1771
33247896
PMC7935377
HIV; exhaustion; food insecurity; immune activation; senescence
Brandilyn A Peters, Lila A Sheira, David B Hanna, Qibin Qi, Anjali Sharma, Adebola Adedimeji, Tracey Wilson, Daniel Merenstein, Phyllis C Tien, Mardge Cohen, Eryka L Wentz, Jennifer Kinslow, Alan L Landay, Sheri D Weiser (2020). Food insecurity and T-cell dysregulation in women living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis, (), . PMC7935377
Journal Article
The Prevalence and Burden of Non-AIDS Comorbidities among Women living with or at-risk for HIV Infection in the United States
Clin Infect Dis
2020
Mar 2
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32115628
Background: The prevalence and burden of age-related non-AIDS comorbidities (NACMs) are poorly characterized among women living with HIV (WLWH). Methods: Virologically suppressed WLWH and HIV-seronegative participants followed in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) through at least 2009 (when >80% of WLWH used antiretroviral therapy) were included, with outcomes measured through 31 March 2018. Covariates, NACM number, and prevalence were summarized at most recent WIHS visit. We used linear regression models to determine NACM burden by HIV serostatus and age. Results: Among 3232 women (2309 WLWH, 923 HIV-seronegative) with median observation of 15.3 years, median age and body mass index (BMI) were 50 years and 30 kg/m2, respectively; 65% were black; 70% ever used cigarettes. WLWH had a higher mean NACM number than HIV-seronegative women (3.6 vs 3.0, P < .0001) and higher prevalence of psychiatric illness, dyslipidemia, non-AIDS cancer, kidney, liver, and bone disease (all P < .01
10.1093/cid/ciaa204
32115628
PMC8075036
HIV and aging Human immunodeficiency virus comorbidity burden non-AIDS comorbidities women living with HIV
Collins LF, Sheth AN, Mehta CC, Naggie S, Golub ET, Anastos K, French AL, Kassaye S, Taylor T, Fischl MA, Adimora AA, Kempf MC, Palella FJ, Tien PC, Ofotokun I. (2020). The Prevalence and Burden of Non-AIDS Comorbidities among Women living with or at-risk for HIV Infection in the United States. Clin Infect Dis, (), . PMC8075036
Journal Article
Clinical effectiveness of integrase strand transfer inhibitor-based antiretroviral regimens among adults with human immunodeficiency virus: a collaboration of cohort studies in the United States and Canada
Clin Infect Dis
2020
Aug 11
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32780095/
Background: Integrase strand transfer inhibitor (InSTI)-based regimens are now recommended as first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) for adults with human immunodeficiency virus. But evidence on long-term clinical effectiveness of InSTI-based regimens remains limited. We examined whether InSTI-based regimens improved longer-term clinical outcomes. Methods: We included participants from clinical cohorts in the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration who initiated their first ART regimen, containing either InSTI (i.e., raltegravir, dolutegravir, and elvitegravir/cobicstat) or efavirenz (EFV) as an active comparator, between 2009 and 2016. We estimated observational analogs of 6-year intention-to-treat and per-protocol risks, risk differences (RD), and hazard ratios (HR) for the composite outcome of AIDS, acute myocardial infarction, stroke, end-stage renal diseases, end-stage liver diseases, or death. Results: Of 15,993 participants, 5,824 (36%) initiated an InSTI-based, and 10,169 (
10.1093/cid/ciaa1037
32780095
PMC8492356
antiretroviral therapy; efavirenz; integrase strand transfer inhibitors; treatment-naive adults with HIV; trial emulation
Haidong Lu, Stephen R Cole, Daniel Westreich, Michael G Hudgens, Adaora A Adimora, Keri N Althoff, Michael J Silverberg, Kate Buchacz, Jun Li, Jessie K Edwards, Peter F Rebeiro, Viviane D Lima, Vincent C Marconi, Timothy R Sterling, Michael A Horberg, M John Gill, Mari M Kitahata, Joseph J Eron, Richard D Moore, North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design of the International Epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS (2020). Clinical effectiveness of integrase strand transfer inhibitor-based antiretroviral regimens among adults with human immunodeficiency virus: a collaboration of cohort studies in the United States and Canada . Clin Infect Dis, (), . PMC8492356
Journal Article
Association of Immunosuppression and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Viremia With Anal Cancer Risk in Persons Living With HIV in the United States and Canada
Clin Infect Dis
2020
Mar 3
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31044245
Background: People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PLWH) have a markedly elevated anal cancer risk, largely due to loss of immunoregulatory control of oncogenic human papillomavirus infection. To better understand anal cancer development and prevention, we determined whether recent, past, cumulative, or nadir/peak CD4+ T-cell count (CD4) and/or HIV-1 RNA level (HIV RNA) best predict anal cancer risk. Methods: We studied 102 777 PLWH during 1996-2014 from 21 cohorts participating in the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design. Using demographics-adjusted, cohort-stratified Cox models, we assessed associations between anal cancer risk and various time-updated CD4 and HIV RNA measures, including cumulative and nadir/peak measures during prespecified moving time windows. We compared models using the Akaike information criterion. Results: Cumulative and nadir/peak CD4 or HIV RNA measures from approximately 8.5 to 4.5 years in the past were generally
10.1093/cid/ciz329
31044245
PMC7319056
CD4+ T-cell count HIV infection HIV-1 RNA viral load anal cancer risk
Hernández-Ramírez RU, Qin L, Lin H, Leyden W, Neugebauer RS, Althoff KN, Hessol NA, Achenbach CJ, Brooks JT, Gill MJ, Grover S, Horberg MA, Li J, Mathews WC, Mayor AM, Patel P, Rabkin CS, Rachlis A, Justice AC, Moore RD, Engels EA, Silverberg MJ, Dubrow R (2020). Association of Immunosuppression and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Viremia With Anal Cancer Risk in Persons Living With HIV in the United States and Canada. Clin Infect Dis, 70(6), 1176-1185. PMC7319056
Journal Article
Weight Gain Associated With Integrase Stand Transfer Inhibitor Use in Women
Clin Infect Dis
2020
Jul 27
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31504324
Background: Integrase strand-transfer inhibitor (INSTI)-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) is recommended for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) management. Although studies have suggested associations between INSTIs and weight gain, women living with HIV (WLHIV) have been underrepresented in research. We evaluated the effect of switching or adding INSTIs among WLHIV. Methods: Women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) from 2006-2017 who switched to or added an INSTI to ART (SWAD group) were compared to women on non-INSTI ART (STAY group). Body weight, body mass index (BMI), percentage body fat (PBF), and waist, hip, arm, and thigh circumferences were measured 6-12 months before and 6-18 months after the INSTI switch/add in SWAD participants, with comparable measurement time points in STAY participants. Linear regression models compared changes over time by SWAD/STAY group, adjusted for age, race, WIHS site, education, income, smoking status, and baseline ART regimen.
10.1093/cid/ciz853
31504324
PMC7384314
HIV positive integrase strand transfer inhibitors weight gain women
Kerchberger AM, Sheth AN, Angert CD, Mehta CC, Summers NA, Ofotokun I, Gustafson D, Weiser SD, Sharma A, Adimora AA, French AL, Augenbraun M, Cocohoba J, Kassaye S, Bolivar H, Govindarajulu U, Konkle-Parker D, Golub ET, Lahiri CD (2020). Weight Gain Associated With Integrase Stand Transfer Inhibitor Use in Women. Clin Infect Dis, 71(3), 593-600. PMC7384314
Journal Article
Pilot Study of Markers for High-grade Anal Dysplasia in a Southern Cohort From the Women's Interagency Human Immunodeficiency Virus Study
Clin Infect Dis
2020
Mar 3
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31058984
Background: Anal cancer rates have increased, particularly in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected (HIV+) women. We assessed factors associated with anal precancer in HIV+ and at-risk HIV-negative women from the Atlanta Women's Interagency HIV Study cohort. Methods: All participants underwent high-resolution anoscopy and anal cytology and had anal and cervical samples collected. Specimens were tested for 37 human papillomavirus (HPV) types and for FAM19A4 and microRNA124-2 promoter methylation. Binary logistic regression and multivariate analysis were conducted with histologic anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (A-HSIL) as the dependent variable. Results: Seventy-five women were enrolled: 52 (69%) were HIV+ with three-fourths having undetectable viral load; 64 (86%) were black; mean age was 49 ± 8 years. Forty-nine (65%) anal cytology samples were abnormal, and 38 (51%) of anal samples were positive for at least 1 of 13 high-risk HPV (hrHPV) types. Thirteen (18%)
10.1093/cid/ciz336
31058984
PMC7319055
Hiv anal cancer high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) methylation women
Lahiri CD, Nguyen ML, Mehta CC, Mosunjac M, Tadros T, Unger ER, Rajeevan MS, Richards J, Ofotokun I, Flowers L (2020). Pilot Study of Markers for High-grade Anal Dysplasia in a Southern Cohort From the Women's Interagency Human Immunodeficiency Virus Study. Clin Infect Dis, 70(6), 1121-1128. PMC7319055
Journal Article
Food Insecurity Is Associated With Lower Levels of Antiretroviral Drug Concentrations in Hair Among a Cohort of Women Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the United States
Clin Infect Dis
2020
Sep 12
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31608363
BACKGROUND: Food insecurity is a well-established determinant of suboptimal, self-reported antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence, but few studies have investigated this association using objective adherence measures. We examined the association of food insecurity with levels of ART concentrations in hair among women living with human immunodeficiency virus (WLHIV) in the United States. METHODS: We analyzed longitudinal data collected semiannually from 2013 through 2015 from the Women's Interagency HIV Study, a multisite, prospective, cohort study of WLHIV and controls not living with HIV. Our sample comprised 1944 person-visits from 677 WLHIV. Food insecurity was measured using the US Household Food Security Survey Module. ART concentrations in hair, an objective and validated measure of drug adherence and exposure, were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry detection for regimens that included darunavir, atazanavir, raltegravir, or dolutegravir.
10.1093/cid/ciz1007
31608363
PMC7486839
ART concentrations in hair adherence antiretroviral therapy food insecurity women living with HIV
Leddy AM, Sheira LA, Tamraz B, Sykes C, Kashuba ADM, Wilson TE, Adedimeji A, Merenstein D, Cohen MH, Wentz EL, Adimora AA, Ofotokun I, Metsch LR, Turan JM, Bacchetti P, Weiser SD (2020). Food Insecurity Is Associated With Lower Levels of Antiretroviral Drug Concentrations in Hair Among a Cohort of Women Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the United States. Clin Infect Dis, 71(6), 1517-1523. PMC7486839
Journal Article
Timing of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation and Risk of Cancer among Persons Living with HIV
Clin Infect Dis
2020
Aug 12
https://academic.oup.com/cid/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/cid/ciaa1046/5876705?redirectedFrom=fulltext
Background Persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PLWH) experience a high burden of cancer. It remains unknown which cancer types are reduced in PLWH with earlier initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods We evaluated AIDS-free, ART-naive PLWH during 1996–2014 from 22 cohorts participating in the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design. PLWH were followed from first observed CD4 of 350–500 cells/µL (baseline) until incident cancer, death, lost-to-follow-up, or December 2014. Outcomes included 6 cancer groups and 5 individual cancers that were confirmed by chart review or cancer registry linkage. We evaluated the effect of earlier (in the first 6 months after baseline) versus deferred ART initiation on cancer risk. Marginal structural models were used with inverse probability weighting to account for time-dependent confounding and informative right-censoring, with weights informed by subject’s age, sex, cohort, baseline year, race/ethni
10.1093/cid/ciaa1046
32785640
PMC8315132
HIV; antiretroviral therapy; cancer; causal inference; epidemiology
Silverberg MJ, Leyden W, Hernández-Ramírez RU, Qin L, Lin H, Justice AC, Hessol NA, Achenbach CJ, D'Souza G, Engels EA, Althoff KN, Mayor AM, Sterling TR, Kitahata MM, Bosch RJ, Saag MS, Rabkin CS, Horberg MA, Gill MJ, Grover S, Mathews WC, Li J, Crane HM, Gange SJ, Lau B, Moore RD, Dubrow R, Neugebauer RS (2020). Timing of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation and Risk of Cancer among Persons Living with HIV. Clin Infect Dis, (), . PMC8315132
Journal Article
African Mitochondrial DNA Haplogroup L2 is Associated with Slower Decline of beta-Cell Function and Lower Incidence of Diabetes Mellitus in non-Hispanic Black Women with HIV
Clin Infect Dis
2020
Jan 12
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31927570
BACKGROUND: Susceptibility to metabolic diseases may be influenced by mitochondrial genetic variability among people living with HIV (PLWH), but remains unexplored in African-ancestry populations. We investigated the association between mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups and beta-cell function (HOMA-B), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and incident diabetes mellitus (DM) among black women with or at risk for HIV. METHODS: Women without DM who had fasting glucose (FG) and insulin (FI) data for >/=2 visits were included. Haplogroups were inferred from genotyping data using HaploGrep. HOMA-B and HOMA-IR were calculated using FG and FI. Incident DM was defined by a combination of FG >/=126 mg/dL, use of DM medication, DM diagnosis, or HbA1c >/=6.5%. We compared HOMA-B, HOMA-IR, and incident DM by haplogroups and assessed the association between HOMA-B and HOMA-IR and DM by haplogroup. RESULTS: Of 1288 women (933 HIV+, 355 HIV-), PLWH had higher initial HOMA-B and HOMA-IR than people withou
10.1093/cid/ciaa026
31927570
PMC7755007
Hiv aging diabetes mellitus mitochondrial genetics
Sun J, Brown TT, Tong W, Samuels D, Tien P, Aissani B, Aouizerat B, Villacres M, Kuniholm MH, Gustafson D, Michel K, Cohen M, Schneider M, Adimora AA, Ali MK, Bolivar H, Hulgan T (2020). African Mitochondrial DNA Haplogroup L2 is Associated with Slower Decline of beta-Cell Function and Lower Incidence of Diabetes Mellitus in non-Hispanic Black Women with HIV. Clin Infect Dis, (), . PMC7755007
Journal Article
Altered Gut Microbiota and Host Metabolite Profiles in HIV-infected Women
Clin Infect Dis
2020
Dec 3
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31748797
BACKGROUND: Alterations in gut microbiota (GMB) and host metabolites have been noted in HIV-infected individuals. However, it remains unclear whether alterations in GMB and related functional groups may contribute to disrupted host metabolite profiles in HIV-infected individuals. METHODS: This study included 185 women (128 with long-standing HIV infection, 88% under antiretroviral therapy; and 57 HIV-uninfected from the same geographic location with comparable characteristics). Stool samples were analyzed by 16S rRNA V4 region sequencing, and GMB function was inferred by PICRUSt. Plasma metabolomic profiling was performed using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, and133 metabolites (amino acids, biogenic amines, acylcarnitines and lipids) were analyzed. RESULTS: Four predominant bacterial genera were identified to be associated with HIV infection, with higher abundances of Ruminococcus and Oscillospira and lower abundances of Bifidobacterium and Collinsella in HIV-infected
10.1093/cid/ciz1117
31748797
PMC7713676
HIV infection gut microbiota integrative analysis metabolomics
Wang Z, Usyk M, Sollecito CC, Qiu Y, Williams-Nguyen J, Hua S, Gradissimo A, Wang T, Xue X, Kurland IJ, Ley K, Landay AL, Anastos K, Knight R, Kaplan RC, Burk RD, Qi Q (2020). Altered Gut Microbiota and Host Metabolite Profiles in HIV-infected Women. Clin Infect Dis, 71(9), 2345-2353. PMC7713676
Journal Article
Association between self-reported marijuana use and incident diabetes in women and men with and at risk for HIV
Drug Alcohol Depend
2020
Feb 20
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32109711
INTRODUCTION: Marijuana use is common among persons living with HIV, but whether it's use increases the risk of type 2 diabetes in this population has not been explored. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether self-reported marijuana use is associated with incident type 2 diabetes in women and men living with and at risk for HIV. METHODS: We analyzed data from the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) and Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), between 2000-2017 (WIHS) and 1999-2017 MACS. The association between self-reported marijuana use and incident type 2 diabetes was analyzed using time-dependent Cox regression models among 3578 and 2682 participants in the WIHS and MACS respectively. RESULTS: Over the follow-up period, 452 (WIHS) and 326 (MACS) incident type 2 diabetes cases occurred. In multivariable models, the hazard ratios, collectively indicate a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes, in marijuana users compared to none users, although all associations were not statistically significant. The
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.107935
32109711
PMC7365735
*hiv *Incident diabetes *Longitudinal *Marijuana
Okafor CN, Plankey MW, Goodman-Meza D, Li M, Bautista KJ, Bolivar H, Phyllis TC, Brown TT, Shoptaw SJ (2020). Association between self-reported marijuana use and incident diabetes in women and men with and at risk for HIV. Drug Alcohol Depend, 209(), 107935. PMC7365735
Journal Article
The HIV-1 latent reservoir is largely sensitive to circulating T cells
Elife
2020
Oct 6
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33021198/
HIV-1 specific CD8+ T cells are an important component of HIV-1 curative strategies. Viral variants in the HIV-1 reservoir may limit the capacity of T cells to detect and clear virus-infected cells. We investigated the patterns of T cell escape variants in the replication-competent reservoir of 25 persons living with HIV-1 (PLWH) durably suppressed on ART. We identified all reactive T cell epitopes in the HIV-1 proteome for each participant and sequenced HIV-1 outgrowth viruses from resting CD4+ T cells. All non-synonymous mutations in reactive T cell epitopes were tested for their effect on the size of the T cell response, with a ≥50% loss defined as an escape mutation. The majority (68%) of T cell epitopes harbored no detectable escape mutations. These findings suggest that circulating T cells in PLWH on ART could contribute to control of rebound and could be targeted for boosting in curative strategies.
10.7554/eLife.57246
33021198
PMC7593086
CD8; HIV; T cell; hiv cure; hiv reservoir; human; immunology; inflammation
Joanna A Warren, Shuntai Zhou, Yinyan Xu, Matthew J Moeser, Daniel R MacMillan, Olivia Council, Jennifer Kirchherr, Julia M Sung, Nadia R Roan, Adaora A Adimora, Sarah Joseph, JoAnn D Kuruc, Cynthia L Gay, David M Margolis, Nancie Archin, Zabrina L Brumme, Ronald Swanstrom, Nilu Goonetilleke (2020). The HIV-1 latent reservoir is largely sensitive to circulating T cells. Elife, 9(), e57246. PMC7593086
Journal Article
Associations between food insecurity and psychotropic medication use among women living with HIV in the United States
Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci
2020
Apr 6
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32248873
AIMS: Psychotropic prescription rates continue to increase in the United States (USA). Few studies have investigated whether social-structural factors may play a role in psychotropic medication use independent of mental illness. Food insecurity is prevalent among people living with HIV in the USA and has been associated with poor mental health. We investigated whether food insecurity was associated with psychotropic medication use independent of the symptoms of depression and anxiety among women living with HIV in the USA. METHODS: We used cross-sectional data from the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), a nationwide cohort study. Food security (FS) was the primary explanatory variable, measured using the Household Food Security Survey Module. First, we used multivariable linear regressions to test whether FS was associated with symptoms of depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression [CESD] score), generalised anxiety disorder (GAD-7 score) and mental health-related quali
10.1017/S2045796020000232
32248873
PMC7214522
Adult Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use Anxiety/drug therapy/psychology Cohort Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Depression/drug therapy/psychology Female Food Supply/*statistics & numerical data HIV Infections/complications/epidemiology/*psychology Humans Hypnotics and Sedatives/therapeutic use Mental Disorders/*drug therapy/epidemiology/psychology Mental Health Poverty Psychotropic Drugs/*therapeutic use *Quality of Life Socioeconomic Factors Substance-Related Disorders/complications/*psychology United States/epidemiology Aids psychiatric services psychotropic drugs social and political issues women
Whittle HJ, Wolfe WR, Sheira LA, Frongillo EA, Palar K, Merenstein D, Wilson TE, Adedimeji A, Cohen MH, Wentz EL, Tien PC, Weiser SD (2020). Associations between food insecurity and psychotropic medication use among women living with HIV in the United States. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci, 29(), e113. PMC7214522
Journal Article
Two-stage g-computation: Evaluating Treatment and Intervention Impacts in Observational Cohorts When Exposure Information Is Partly Missing
Epidemiology
2020
Sep
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32657953/
Illustrations of the g-computation algorithm to evaluate population average treatment and intervention effects have been predominantly implemented in settings with complete exposure information. Thus, worked examples of approaches to handle missing data in this causal framework are needed to facilitate wider use of these estimators. We illustrate two-stage g-computation estimators that leverage partially observed information on the full study sample and complete exposure information on a subset to estimate causal effects. In a hypothetical cohort of 1,623 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive women with 30% complete opioid prescription information, we illustrate a two-stage extrapolation g-computation estimator for the average treatment effect of shorter or longer duration opioid prescriptions; we further illustrate two-stage inverse probability weighting and imputation g-computation estimators for the average intervention effect of shortening the duration of prescriptions relati
10.1097/EDE.0000000000001233
32657953
PMC8725064
G-computation, G-formula, Generalizability, Intervention studies, Missing data, Two-stage designs
Tiffany L Breger, Jessie K Edwards, Stephen R Cole, Daniel Westreich, Brian W Pence, Adaora A Adimora (2020). Two-stage g-computation: Evaluating Treatment and Intervention Impacts in Observational Cohorts When Exposure Information Is Partly Missing. Epidemiology, 31(5), 695-703. PMC8725064
Journal Article
Factors Predicting Detrimental Change in Declarative Memory Among Women With HIV: A Study of Heterogeneity in Cognition
Front Psychol
2020
Oct 15
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33178064/
Objective: Statistical techniques used to study cognitive function in HIV typically yield normative estimates and can mask the heterogeneity in cognitive trajectories over time. We applied a novel statistical approach to identify clusters of individuals with distinct patterns of change in declarative memory in HIV-seropositive (HIV+) and HIV-seronegative (HIV-) women. Methods: 1731 women from the Women's Interagency HIV Study, a multi-center, prospective cohort study, completed the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HLVT-R) at >2 visits. To derive subgroups with similar patterns of decline by HIV-serostatus, we used a mixed-effects framework that modeled the trajectory of multiple declarative memory outcomes over time, while simultaneously clustering individuals. Results: Of the 1731 participants, 1149 were HIV+ (70% Black/African American [AA]; 30% White/Other [W/O]) and 582 were HIV- (68% AA; 32% W/O). Race stratification was necessary to optimize clustering. Among HIV+AA's, fou
10.3389/fpsyg.2020.548521
33178064
PMC7594511
HIV; declarative memory; longitudinal; phenotyping; women
Kathryn C Fitzgerald, Pauline M Maki, Yanxun Xu, Wei Jin, Raha Dastgheyb, Dionna W Williams, Gayle Springer, Kathryn Anastos, Deborah Gustafson, Amanda B Spence, Adaora A Adimora, Drenna Waldrop, David E Vance, Hector Bolivar, Victor G Valcour, Leah H Rubin (2020). Factors Predicting Detrimental Change in Declarative Memory Among Women With HIV: A Study of Heterogeneity in Cognition. Front Psychol, 11(), 548521. PMC7594511
Journal Article
Early Inflammatory Signatures Predict Subsequent Cognition in Long-Term Virally Suppressed Women With HIV
Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience
2020
Apr 24
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32390808/
Immunologic function is an important determinant of cognition. Here we examined the contribution of early immune signatures to cognitive performance among HIV-infected, virally suppressed women (HIV+VS) and in HIV-uninfected (HIV-) women. Specifically, we measured serum inflammatory markers, developed combinatory immune signatures, and evaluated their associations with cognition. Forty-nine HIV+VS women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) who achieved viral suppression shortly after effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation, and 56 matched HIV- women were selected. Forty-two serum inflammatory markers were measured within 2 years of effective ART initiation for HIV+VS women, and at an initial timepoint for HIV- women. The same inflammatory markers were also measured approximately 1, 7, and 12 years later for all women. Of the 105 women with complete immune data, 83 (34 HIV+VS, 49 HIV-) also had cognitive data available 12 years later at ≥1 time points (median = 3.1). We
10.3389/fnint.2020.00020
32390808
PMC7193823
HIV; cognition; immune; viral suppression; women
Rubin LH, Xu Y, Norris PJ, Wang X, Dastgheyb R, Fitzgerald KC, Keating SM, Kaplan RC, Maki PM, Anastos K, Springer G, Benning L, Kassaye S, Gustafson DR, Valcour VG, Williams DW (2020). Early Inflammatory Signatures Predict Subsequent Cognition in Long-Term Virally Suppressed Women With HIV. Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, 14(), 20. PMC7193823
Journal Article
Lifetime Exposure to Conversion Therapy and Psychosocial Health Among Midlife and Older Adult Men Who Have Sex With Men
Gerontologist
2020
Sep 15
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32556123
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Conversion therapies to minimize same-sex attractions are classified as a dangerous practice by numerous scientific institutions in the United States. These practices may contribute to poor long-term psychosocial health, thereby interrupting processes of healthy aging. Few studies have examined psychosocial differences between persons with and without prior experiences of conversion therapy. We assessed associations between prior conversion therapy experiences and psychosocial health among midlife and older men who have sex with men (MSM; age 40+ years). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Participants included a multicity sample of MSM (N = 1,156) enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study who completed health surveys (2016-2019) as part of their biannual study visits. Using multivariable regressions, we investigated the associations of prior conversion therapy with current depressive symptoms, internalized homophobia, post-traumatic stress, and cumulative psych
10.1093/geront/gnaa069
32556123
PMC8189432
Aging Gay and bisexual men Mental health Sexual orientation change efforts Stigma
Meanley S, Haberlen SA, Okafor CN, Brown A, Brennan-Ing M, Ware D, Egan JE, Teplin LA, Bolan RK, Friedman MR, Plankey MW (2020). Lifetime Exposure to Conversion Therapy and Psychosocial Health Among Midlife and Older Adult Men Who Have Sex With Men. Gerontologist, 60(7), 1291-1302. PMC8189432
Journal Article
Genetic variation near CXCL12 is associated with susceptibility to HIV-related non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Haematologica
2020
Aug 1
https://haematologica.org/article/view/9813
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with an increased risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Even in the era of suppressive antiretroviral treatment, HIV-infected individuals remain at higher risk of developing NHL compared to the general population. To identify potential genetic risk loci, we performed case-control genome-wide association studies and a meta-analysis across three cohorts of HIV+ patients of European ancestry, including a total of 278 cases and 1924 matched controls. We observed a significant association with NHL susceptibility in the C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) region on chromosome 10. A fine mapping analysis identified rs7919208 as the most likely causal variant (P = 4.77e-11), with the G>A polymorphism creating a new transcription factor binding site for BATF and JUND. These results suggest a modulatory role of CXCL12 regulation in the increased susceptibility to NHL observed in the HIV-infected population.
10.3324/haematol.2020.247023
32675224
PMC8327743
Christian W. Thorball, Tiphaine Oudot-Mellakh, Nava Ehsan, Christian Hammer, Federico A. Santoni, Jonathan Niay, Dominique Costagliola, Cécile Goujard, Laurence Meyer, Sophia S. Wang, Shehnaz K. Hussain, Ioannis Theodorou, Matthias Cavassini, Andri Rauch, Manuel Battegay, Matthias Hoffmann, Patrick Schmid, Enos Bernasconi, Huldrych F. Günthard, Pejman Mohammadi, Paul J. McLaren, Charles S. Rabkin, Caroline Besson, Jacques Fellay (2020). Genetic variation near CXCL12 is associated with susceptibility to HIV-related non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Haematologica, (), . PMC8327743
Journal Article
The relationship between diabetes and depressive symptoms in men with or at risk of HIV infection
HIV Med
2020
Sep 24
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32975014
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to compare the prevalence of comorbid diabetes and depressive symptoms in men living with HIV (MLWH) with that in men without HIV infection and to determine associations between glycaemic control and depressive symptoms. METHODS: Participants included 920 MLWH and 840 men without HIV infection from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) with available data regarding glycaemic status [categorized as normal for fasting blood glucose (FBG) < 100 mg/dL, prediabetes for FBG 100-125 mg/dL, and diabetes, defined by self-report, diabetes medication use or FBG >/= 126 mg/dL on at least two consecutive visits, with diabetes classified as controlled if Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C) < 7.5% and uncontrolled if HbA1C >/= 7.5%]. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) score, with CES-D >/= 16 scores classified as elevated depressive symptoms. A modified Poisson regression model with robust variance was used and ad
10.1111/hiv.12958
32975014
PMC8211402
Hiv depressive symptoms diabetes
Basil RC, Brown TT, Haberlen S, Rubin LH, Plankey M, Becker JT, Lake JE, Palella FJ, Sarkar S (2020). The relationship between diabetes and depressive symptoms in men with or at risk of HIV infection. HIV Med, (), . PMC8211402
Journal Article
COVID-19 symptoms and SARS-CoV-2 infection among people living with HIV in the US: the MACS/WIHS combined cohort study
HIV Res Clin Pract
2020
Nov 19
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33211636/
Background: SARS-CoV-2 infection among People Living With HIV (PLWH) is not well-described. Objective: To study COVID-19 symptoms and SARS-CoV-2 PCR-based swab testing among participants of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) and Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). Methods: A telephone survey was collected April-June 30, 2020. Symptom and testing prevalence were explored. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 positivity. Results: The survey was completed by 3411 participants, including 2078 (61%) PLWH and 1333 HIV-seronegative (SN) participants from across the US. Thirteen percent (n = 441) were tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection (13.4% of PLWH vs 12.2% of SN). Among those tested, positivity was higher in PLWH than SN (11.2% vs 6.1%, p = 0.08). Reasons for not being tested included testing not being available (30% of participants) and not knowing where to get tested (16% of participants). Most symptoms reported since January
10.1080/25787489.2020.1844521
33211636
PMC7682380
COVID-19 COVID-19 symptoms SARS-CoV-2 HIV PLWH Testing
Gypsyamber D'Souza, Gayle Springer, Deborah Gustafson, Seble Kassaye, Maria L Alcaide, Catalina Ramirez, Anjali Sharma, Frank J Palella, Phyllis C Tien, Roger Detels, Mirjam-Colette Kempf , Cecile D Lahiri , Charles R Rinaldo, Audrey L French, Joseph B Margolick, Ada A Adimora (2020). COVID-19 symptoms and SARS-CoV-2 infection among people living with HIV in the US: the MACS/WIHS combined cohort study . HIV Res Clin Pract, 21(5), 130-139. PMC7682380
Journal Article
Psychological Sense of Community and the Use of Condoms and PrEP Among a Sample pf Aging Black MSM
Innov Aging
2020
Dec 16
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7742755/
Psychological sense of community (PSOC) in Black men who have sex with men (BMSM) may facilitate condom and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use to prevent HIV transmission. Understanding BMSM’s PSOC contribution to HIV risk reduction may inform HIV prevention efforts for this population, that is disproportionately affected by HIV. Adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and HIV status, we conducted logistic regressions to test the association between PSOC and condom use among aging BMSM (n=176). Multivariate analyses exhibited no association between PSOC and condom use (AOR= 0.994, 95% CI= 0.942, 1.049). HIV+ participants had higher condom use odds compared to HIV- participants (AOR= 4.031, 95% CI= 1.723, 9.426). A sub-analysis of HIV- participants (n=61), showed no associated between PSOC and PrEP use (AOR= 1.002, 95% CI= 0.904, 1.112). These results have implications for secondary HIV prevention and future research on alternative aspects of social support that may increase BMSM
10.1093/geroni/igaa057.3007
PMC7742755
Andre Brown, Mark Brennan-Ing, Steven Meanley, Sabina Haberlen, Deanna Ware, James Egan, Mackey Friedman, and Michael Plankey (2020). Psychological Sense of Community and the Use of Condoms and PrEP Among a Sample pf Aging Black MSM. Innov Aging, (), . PMC7742755
Journal Article
HIV and Aging Comes into the Spotlight: 2013 to Now
Innov Aging
2020
Dec 16
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7742994/
I have had the pleasure of serving as Co-Convener of the HIV, AIDS and Older Adults Special Interest Group (SIG) for seven years (2013 to now). During this time, we witnessed an increase in NIH funding opportunities, most notable was the Multidisciplinary Studies in HIV/AIDS and Aging FOA. NIH also renewed its support for two prominent longitudinal HIV cohort studies (now knowns as the Combined Cohort Study) because of their unmatched ability to provide insight on the effects of HIV infection and aging. Individuals older than 50 years of age are now included in AIDS and HIV prevention clinical trials. And, in 2008 the AIDS Institute launched the first National HIV/AIDS and Aging Awareness Day (Sept 18th). During this period, the SIG continued to raise awareness about HIV and aging through sponsored symposia and Webinars, and participants for the SIG participated in the first HIV and aging GSA Momentum Discussion. Part of a symposium sponsored by the HIV, AIDS and Older Adults Interest
10.1093/geroni/igaa057.3114
PMC7742994
Tonya Taylor (2020). HIV and Aging Comes into the Spotlight: 2013 to Now. Innov Aging, 4(Supplement 1), 848-849. PMC7742994
Journal Article
Quality of care for Black and Latina women living with HIV in the U.S.: a qualitative study
Int J Equity Health
2020
Jul 6
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32631424
BACKGROUND: Ending the HIV epidemic requires that women living with HIV (WLWH) have access to structurally competent HIV-related and other health care. WLWH may not regularly engage in care due to inadequate quality; however, women's perspectives on the quality of care they receive are understudied. METHODS: We conducted 12 focus groups and three in-depth interviews with Black (90%) and Latina (11%) WLWH enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study in Atlanta, GA, Birmingham, AL, Brooklyn, NY, Chapel Hill, NC, Chicago, IL, and Jackson, MS from November 2017 to May 2018 (n = 92). We used a semi-structured format to facilitate discussions about satisfaction and dissatisfaction with health care engagement experiences, and suggestions for improvement, which were audio-recorded, transcribed, and coded using thematic analysis. RESULTS: Themes emerged related to women's health care satisfaction or dissatisfaction at the provider, clinic, and systems levels and across Institute of Medicine-de
10.1186/s12939-020-01230-3
32631424
PMC7336413
*African American *Black *Engagement in care *hiv/aids *Hispanic *Patient satisfaction *Qualitative *Quality of health care *Women living with HIV
Rice WS, Fletcher FE, Akingbade B, Kan M, Whitfield S, Ross S, Gakumo CA, Ofotokun I, Konkle-Parker DJ, Cohen MH, Wingood GM, Pence BW, Adimora AA, Taylor TN, Wilson TE, Weiser SD, Kempf MC, Turan B, Turan JM (2020). Quality of care for Black and Latina women living with HIV in the U.S.: a qualitative study. Int J Equity Health, 19(1), 115. PMC7336413
Journal Article
Change in circulating undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOCN) is associated with fat accumulation in HIV-seropositive women
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2020
Apr 15
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33399313/
Background: Bone mineral density (BMD) loss and fat accumulation are common in people living with HIV (PLWH). The bone-derived hormone, undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOCN) regulates fat metabolism. We investigated the relationship between ucOCN change and body fat change among perimenopausal/postmenopausal HIV-seronegative and HIV-seropositive women on long-term antiretrovirals.
10.1097/QAI.0000000000002617
33399313
PMC7933097
Arnold Z Olali, Anjali Sharma, Qiuhu Shi, Donald R Hoover, Kathleen M Weber, Audrey L French, Heather S McKay, Phyllis C Tien, Lena Al-Harthi, Michael T Yin, Ryan D Ross (2020). Change in circulating undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOCN) is associated with fat accumulation in HIV-seropositive women. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 86(5), e139-145. PMC7933097
Journal Article
Brief Report: Linking Depressive Symptoms to Viral Nonsuppression Among Women With HIV Through Adherence Self-Efficacy and ART Adherence
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2020
Apr 1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32097193
BACKGROUND: Depression plays a key role in suboptimal HIV outcomes, possibly mediated by adherence self-efficacy beliefs and antiretroviral treatment (ART) adherence behavior. Applying social-cognitive theory, we examined a longitudinal sequential path model of the association between depressive symptoms and viral nonsuppression in women with HIV (WWH) through these mediating mechanisms. METHODS: This was an observational longitudinal study using data from the Women's Adherence and Visit Engagement substudy of the Women's Interagency HIV Study. WWH (N = 375) completed measures of depressive symptoms, adherence self-efficacy, and ART adherence. Viral load was measured through blood draw. We examined a longitudinal sequential path model spanning 3 time points at least 6 months apart between 2015 and 2017. Indirect effects were assessed of depressive symptoms at time 1 (T1) on viral nonsuppression at T3 through adherence self-efficacy at T2 and ART adherence at T3. Covariates included age
10.1097/QAI.0000000000002268
32097193
PMC7266092
Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Anti-HIV Agents/*administration & dosage/*therapeutic use Depressive Disorder/*etiology/prevention & control Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/psychology/*virology Humans Middle Aged Patient Compliance Self Report Surveys and Questionnaires Viral Load
Crockett KB, Entler KJ, Brodie E, Kempf MC, Konkle-Parker D, Wilson TE, Tien PC, Wingood G, Neilands TB, Johnson MO, Weiser SD, Turan JM, Turan B (2020). Brief Report: Linking Depressive Symptoms to Viral Nonsuppression Among Women With HIV Through Adherence Self-Efficacy and ART Adherence. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 83(4), 340-344. PMC7266092
Journal Article
Economic Burden among GBMSM Living with HIV or Living Without HIV in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2020
Dec 1
https://journals.lww.com/jaids/Abstract/9000/Economic_Burden_among_GBMSM_Living_with_HIV_or.96097.aspx
Background: With HIV now considered a chronic disease, economic burden for people living with HIV (PLWH) may threaten long-term disease outcomes. We studied associations between economic burden (employment, income, insurance, financial difficulty) and HIV status for gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM), and how economic burden relates to disease progression. Setting: We analyzed data collected every 6 months through 2015 from GBMSM living with HIV (LWH) and GBMSM living without HIV (LWOH) from two waves (2001-3 cohort and 2010+ New Recruit cohort) of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Methods: Using GEE, we first assessed the association between HIV status (exposure) and economic burden indicators since the last study visit (outcomes) of employment (working/student/retired versus not currently working), personal annual income of ≥$10,000, insurance (public/private versus none), and financial difficulty meeting basic expenses. Then among PLWH, we assessed the r
10.1097/qai.0000000000002478
33136741
PMC7592888
Dean, Lorraine T.; Nonyane, Bareng Aletta Sanny; Ugoji, Chinenye; Visvanathan, Kala ; Jacobson, Lisa P.; Lau, Bryan (2020). Economic Burden among GBMSM Living with HIV or Living Without HIV in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 85(4), 436-443. PMC7592888
Journal Article
Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitor Start or Switch Impacts Learning in Women with HIV
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2020
Dec 21
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33394812/
Background: Integrase strand transfer inhibitors(INSTIs) are first-line regimens for HIV treatment. We aimed to examine their impact on cognitive performance and depressive symptoms in women with HIV(WWH).
10.1097/QAI.0000000000002608
33394812
PMC8319920
Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitor
Jane A O'Halloran, Kunbo Wang, Amanda B Spence, Dionna W Williams, Raha Dastgheyb, Kathryn C Fitzgerald, Asante R Kamkwalala, Pauline M Maki, Anjali Sharma, Deborah R Gustafson, Joel Milam, Kathleen M Weber, Adaora A Adimora, Igho Ofotokun, Margaret A Fischl, Deborah Konkle-Parker, Cecile D Lahiri, Anandi N Sheth, Yanxun Xu, Leah H Rubin (2020). Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitor Start or Switch Impacts Learning in Women with HIV. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 86(5), 593-599. PMC8319920
Journal Article
Brief Report: Higher Peripheral Monocyte Activation Markers Are Associated With Smaller Frontal and Temporal Cortical Volumes in Women With HIV
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2020
May 1
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31914004/
Background: Persistent inflammation is a life-long complication of HIV infection, even in virally suppressed individuals. Elevated plasma concentrations of soluble(s) CD14 and CD163 have been established as biomarkers of chronic inflammation, conferring higher risk for cognitive, neurovascular, and structural abnormalities. Methods: Structural magnetic resonance imaging (frontal and temporal regions) as well as plasma inflammatory biomarkers of monocyte activation (sCD14 and sCD163), general inflammation (plasma C-reactive protein, interleukin[IL]-6), and gut microbial translocation (plasma intestinal fatty acid-binding protein) were available on 38 women (25 with HIV) from the Chicago Women's Interagency HIV Study site. Partial least-squares models adjusting for relevant covariates (eg, age, education, and race) were conducted to evaluate the relationship between inflammatory biomarkers and brain volume in the overall sample and among women with HIV (WWH). Results: In the total samp
10.1097/QAI.0000000000002283
31914004
PMC7388688
Kamkwalala AR, Wang X, Maki PM, Williams DW, Valcour VG, Damron A, Tien PC, Weber KM, Cohen MH, Sundermann EE, Meyer VJ, Little DM, Xu Y, Rubin LH (2020). Brief Report: Higher Peripheral Monocyte Activation Markers Are Associated With Smaller Frontal and Temporal Cortical Volumes in Women With HIV. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 84(1), 54-59. PMC7388688
Journal Article
Association of monocyte migration marker CD11b with pulmonary function in people living with HIV
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2020
Mar 1
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33148999/
Methods: The retrospective cross-sectional analysis of secondary data included women with HIV or at-risk of HIV who enrolled in the multisite US WIHS cohort between 1994 and 2015. Syphilis screening was performed at baseline. Infection was defined serologically by a positive rapid plasma reagin test with confirmatory treponemal antibodies. Sociodemographic and behavioural characteristics stratified by baseline syphilis status were compared for women enrolled during early (1994-2002) and recent (2011-2015) years. Multivariable binomial modelling with backward selection (p>0.2 for removal) was used to model correlates of syphilis.
10.1097/QAI.0000000000002544
33148999
PMC9597655
Kuniholm MH, Bramah-Lawani M, Fitzpatrick M, Nouraie M, Qin S, Huang L, Vallejo AN, Landay AL, Morris A. (2020). Association of monocyte migration marker CD11b with pulmonary function in people living with HIV. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, (), . PMC9597655
Journal Article
Cystatin C based estimation of glomerular filtration rate and association with atherosclerosis imaging markers in people living with HIV
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2020
Jul 27
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32740375/
Introduction: Reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease among people living with HIV (PLWH). It is unclear whether eGFR equations incorporating Cystatin C (CysC) measurements are more predictive of preclinical CVD than those using only creatinine (Cr). Objectives: The study aimed to determine which of the three Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology (CKD-EPI) eGFR equations is most associated with carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) and coronary artery calcium (CAC) score. Methods: This cross-sectional analysis of pooled data from three large cohorts compared the associations between the three CKD-EPI eGFR equations (Cr, CysC, and Cr-CysC) with CIMT and CAC score using multivariable regression analysis. eGFR and CIMT were analyzed as continuous variables. CAC scores were analyzed as a binary variable (detectable calcification versus nondetectable) and as a log10 Agatston score in those with detectable CAC. Results:
10.1097/QAI.0000000000002467
32740375
PMC7879707
McClean M, Buzkova P, Budoff M, Estrella M, Freiberg M, Hodis HN, Palella F, Shikuma C, Post WS, Gupta S (2020). Cystatin C based estimation of glomerular filtration rate and association with atherosclerosis imaging markers in people living with HIV. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, (), . PMC7879707
Journal Article
Multisite Study of Women Living With HIV's Perceived Barriers to, and Interest in, Long-Acting Injectable Antiretroviral Therapy
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2020
Jul 1
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32530905/
Background: Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is imperative for viral suppression and reducing HIV transmission, but many people living with HIV report difficultly sustaining long-term adherence. Long-acting injectable (LAI) ART has the potential to transform HIV treatment and prevention. However, little LAI ART-related behavioral research has occurred among women, particularly outside of clinical trials. Setting: Six Women's Interagency HIV Study sites: New York, Chicago, Washington DC, Atlanta, Chapel Hill, and San Francisco. Methods: We conducted 59 in-depth interviews with women living with HIV across 6 Women's Interagency HIV Study sites (10 per site; 9 at Washington DC). We interviewed women who were not included in LAI ART clinical trials but who receive care at university settings that will administer LAI ART once it is approved. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic content analysis. Results: Most women enthusiastically endorsed monthly
doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000002337
32530905
PMC7483266
Morgan M Philbin, Carrigan L Parish, Elizabeth N Kinnard, Sarah E Reed, Deanna Kerrigan, Maria L Alcaide, Mardge H Cohen, Oluwakemi Sosanya, Anandi N Sheth, Adaora A Adimora, Jennifer Cocohoba, Lakshmi Goparaju, Elizabeth T Golub, Margaret Fischl, Lisa R Metsch (2020). Multisite Study of Women Living With HIV's Perceived Barriers to, and Interest in, Long-Acting Injectable Antiretroviral Therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 84(3), 263-270. PMC7483266
Journal Article
Metabolic Changes Associated With the Use of Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors Among Virally Controlled Women
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2020
Nov 1
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33060420/
Background: Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) have been associated with weight gain among women living with HIV. We aimed to investigate the association between INSTIs and change in cardiometabolic risk indicators. Setting: Retrospective cohort. Methods: Data from 2006 to 2017 were analyzed from women living with HIV enrolled in the longitudinal Women's Interagency HIV Study who were virally controlled on antiretroviral therapy (ART) for ≥5 consecutive semiannual visits. Women who switched/added an INSTI to ART (INSTI group) were compared with women who remained on non-INSTI ART (non-INSTI group). Outcomes included changes in fasting lipids and glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), blood pressure (BP), and incident diabetes, hypertension, and insulin resistance. Outcomes were measured 6–12 months before and 6–18 months after INSTI switch/add in the INSTI group with comparable visits in the non-INSTI group. Longitudinal linear regression models compared change over time in each o
10.1097/QAI.0000000000002447
33060420
PMC7577246
Nathan Summers;Cecile Lahiri;Christine Angert;Amalia Aldredge;C. Mehta;Ighovwerha Ofotokun;Anne Kerchberger;Deborah Gustafson;Sheri Weiser;Seble Kassaye;Deborah Konkle-Parker;Anjali Sharma;Adaora Adimora;Hector Bolivar;Jennifer Cocohoba;Audrey French;Elizabeth Golub;Anandi Sheth (2020). Metabolic Changes Associated With the Use of Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors Among Virally Controlled Women. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 85(3), 355-62. PMC7577246
Journal Article
High Frequency of Recurrent Falls among Pre-frail and Frail Women with and without HIV
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2020
Jun 1
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33538528/
Background: Frailty may occur at younger ages among HIV+ populations. We evaluated associations of the frailty status with self-reported single and recurrent falls in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). Methods: The frailty status was defined using the Fried Frailty Phenotype (FFP) among 897 HIV+ and 392 HIV- women; median age 53 years. Women were classified as robust (FFP 0), prefrail (FFP 1-2), and frail (FFP 3-5). Stepwise logistic regression models adjusting for the HIV status and study site were fit to evaluate associations of the FFP with self-reported single (1 vs. 0) and recurrent falls (≥2 vs. 0) over the prior 12 months. Results: HIV+ women were less likely to be frail (9% vs. 14% vs. P = 0.009), but frequency of falls did not differ by the HIV status. In multivariate analyses, recurrent falls were more common among prefrail [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.23, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.40 to 3.57, P = 0.0008] and frail (AOR 3.61, 95% CI: 1.90 to 6.89, P < 0.0001) t
10.1097/QAI.0000000000002651
33538528
PMC8697712
fall, frailty, HIV, aging, women
Sharma A, Hoover DR, Shi Q, Gustafson DR, Plankey M, Tien PC, Weber KW, Vance DE, Floris-Moore M, Bolivar HH, Golub ET, Holstad MM, Yin MT (2020). High Frequency of Recurrent Falls among Pre-frail and Frail Women with and without HIV. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, (), . PMC8697712
Journal Article
Impaired Cognition Predicts Falls Among Women With and Without HIV Infection
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2020
Mar 1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31913989
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether domain-specific neurocognitive (NC) impairments predict falls in HIV+ compared with HIV- women. DESIGN: Cross-sectional data analysis from 825 HIV+ and 392 HIV- women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study with NC testing within 2 years before falls surveys. METHODS: NC impairment (T score <40) was assessed in 7 domains: executive function, psychomotor speed, attention, learning, memory, fluency, and fine motor function. For domains associated with any fall within 6 months in simple logistic regression (P < 0.05), hierarchical regression models evaluated associations between NC impairment and odds of falling, adjusting for: (1) study site and HIV, (2) demographics, (3) comorbid conditions, (4) substance use/central nervous system active medications, and HIV-specific factors. RESULTS: Median age was higher in HIV+ than HIV- women (51 vs. 48 yrs); prevalence of falls was similar (19% HIV+, 16% HIV-). Overall, executive function [OR (odds ratio) = 1.82, 95% C
10.1097/QAI.0000000000002262
31913989
PMC7402636
*Accidental Falls Adult Case-Control Studies Cognitive Dysfunction/*complications Female HIV Infections/*complications Humans Middle Aged Neuropsychological Tests
Sharma A, Vance DE, Hoover DR, Shi Q, Yin MT, Holman S, Plankey MW, Tien PC, Weber KM, Floris-Moore M, Bolivar HH, Golub ET, McDonnell Holstad M, Rubin LH. (2020). Impaired Cognition Predicts Falls Among Women With and Without HIV Infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 83(3), 301-309. PMC7402636
Journal Article
Oral health–related quality of life and unmet dental needs among women living with HIV
J Am Dent Assoc
2020
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32593355/
10.1016/j.adaj.2020.04.013
32593355
PMC7337358
HIV; Oral health; quality of life
Parish CL, Feaster DJ, Pereyra MR, Alcaide ML, Weber KM, Cohen M, Levin S, Gustafson D, Merenstein D, Aouizerat BE, Donohue J, Webster-Cyriaque J, Wingood G, Kempf MC, Metsch LR (2020). Oral health–related quality of life and unmet dental needs among women living with HIV. J Am Dent Assoc, 151(7), 527-535. PMC7337358
Journal Article
Depression and Psychosocial Stress Are Associated With Subclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis Among Women Living With HIV
J Am Heart Assoc
2020
Jul 7
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32564652
Methods: Perimenopausal and postmenopausal women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) MSK sub-study underwent trunk and total fat assessment via dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at study enrollment (index visit) and again two years later. Circulating ucOCN and carboxylated osteocalcin (cOCN) were also measured at the index and two-year visits. The correlation between the two-year change in ucOCN and cOCN and change in trunk and total fat was assessed as a function of HIV-serostatus using linear regression modeling. Multivariate linear regression assessed the association between ucOCN and cOCN change and total and trunk fat change after adjusting for sociodemographic variables. Linear regression models restricted to HIV-seropositive women were performed to examine the contributions of HIV specific factors (index CD4 count, viral load, and cART use) on the associations.
10.1161/JAHA.120.016425
32564652
PMC7670495
HIV infection atherosclerosis depression posttraumatic stress disorder psychological stress women
Levy ME, Anastos K, Levine SR, Plankey M, Castel AD, Molock S, Sen S, Asch FM, Milam J, Aouizerat B, Weber KM, Golub ET, Kaplan RC, Kassaye S (2020). Depression and Psychosocial Stress Are Associated With Subclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis Among Women Living With HIV. J Am Heart Assoc, 9(13), e016425. PMC7670495
Journal Article
Establishing the Link Between Lean Mass and Grip Strength Cut Points With Mobility Disability and Other Health Outcomes: Proceedings of the Sarcopenia Definition and Outcomes Consortium Conference
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci
2020
Jun 18
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30869772
Background: Lack of consensus on how to diagnose sarcopenia has limited the ability to diagnose this condition and hindered drug development. The Sarcopenia Definitions and Outcomes Consortium (SDOC) was formed to develop evidence-based diagnostic cut points for lean mass and/or muscle strength that identify people at increased risk of mobility disability. We describe here the proceedings of a meeting of SDOC and other experts to discuss strategic considerations in the development of evidence-based sarcopenia definition. Methods: Presentations and panel discussions reviewed the usefulness of sarcopenia as a biomarker, the analytical approach used by SDOC to establish cut points, and preliminary findings, and provided strategic direction to develop an evidence-based definition of sarcopenia. Results: The SDOC assembled data from eight epidemiological cohorts consisting of 18,831 participants, clinical populations from 10 randomized trials and observational studies, and 2 nationally re
10.1093/gerona/glz081
30869772
PMC7447857
Grip strength cut-points Lean mass cut-points Mobility disability Risk factors for mobility disability Sarcopenia
Cawthon PM, Travison TG, Manini TM, Patel S, Pencina KM, Fielding RA, Magaziner JM, Newman AB, Brown T, Kiel DP, Cummings SR, Shardell M, Guralnik JM, Woodhouse LJ, Pahor M, Binder E, D'Agostino RB, Quian-Li X, Orwoll E, Landi F, Orwig D, Schaap L, Latham NK, Hirani V, Kwok T, Pereira SL, Rooks D, Kashiwa M, Torres-Gonzalez M, Menetski JP, Correa-De-Araujo R, Bhasin S (2020). Establishing the Link Between Lean Mass and Grip Strength Cut Points With Mobility Disability and Other Health Outcomes: Proceedings of the Sarcopenia Definition and Outcomes Consortium Conference. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 75(7), 1317-1323. PMC7447857
Journal Article
Application of Selected Muscle Strength and Body Mass Cut Points for the Diagnosis of Sarcopenia in Men and Women With or at Risk for HIV Infection
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci
2020
Jun 18
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32301484
Background: Persons with HIV may experience greater mobility limitations than uninfected populations. Accurate tools are needed to identify persons at greatest risk of decline. We evaluated the performance of novel muscle weakness metrics (grip, grip/body mass index [BMI], grip/weight, grip/total body fat, grip/arm lean mass) and association with slowness and falls in older persons with or at risk for HIV infection as part of the work of the Sarcopenia Definitions and Outcomes Consortium (SDOC). Methods: We assessed the prevalence of sarcopenia among 398 men (200 HIV+, 198 HIV-) from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and 247 women (162 HIV+, 85 HIV-) from the Women's Interagency HIV Study using previously validated muscle weakness metrics discriminative of slowness. Sensitivity and specificity were used to compare new muscle weakness and slowness criteria to previously proposed sarcopenia definitions. Results: The prevalence of muscle weakness ranged from 16% to 66% among men and 0%
10.1093/gerona/glaa083
32301484
PMC7302174
Falls Gait speed Muscle Weakness
Erlandson KM, Travison TG, Zhu H, Magaziner J, Correa-de-Araujo R, Cawthon PM, Bhasin S, Manini T, Fielding RA, Palella FJ, Kingsley L, Lake JE, Sharma A, Tien PC, Weber KM, Yin MT, Brown TT (2020). Application of Selected Muscle Strength and Body Mass Cut Points for the Diagnosis of Sarcopenia in Men and Women With or at Risk for HIV Infection. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 75(7), 1338-1345. PMC7302174
Journal Article
Direct-Acting Antiviral Hepatitis C Treatment Cascade and Barriers to Treatment Initiation Among US Men and Women With and Without HIV
J Infect Dis
2020
Nov 3
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33141170/
Background: People with HIV are disproportionately co-infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and experience accelerated liver-related mortality. Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) yield high sustained virologic response (SVR) rates, but uptake is suboptimal. This study characterizes the DAA-era HCV treatment cascade and barriers among US men and women with or at risk for HIV. Methods: We constructed HCV treatment cascades using data from The Women's Interagency HIV Study (women, six visits, 2015-2018, n=2,447) and Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (men, one visit, 2015-2018, n=2,221). Cascades included treatment-eligible individuals (i.e., HCV RNA+ or reported DAAs). Surveys captured self-reported clinical (e.g., CD4), patient (e.g., missed visits), system (e.g., appointment access), and financial/insurance barriers. Results: 323 women and 92 men were treatment-eligible. Most women/men had HIV (77%/70%); 69%/63% were Black. HIV+ women were more likely to attain cascade outcomes than HIV- wom
10.1093/infdis/jiaa686
33141170
PMC8205633
Direct-acting antivirals; HIV; Hepatitis C; Linkage to Care.
Danielle F Haley, Andrew Edmonds Catalina Ramirez,, Audrey L French, Phyllis Tien, Chloe L Thio, Mallory D Witt, Eric C Seaberg, Michael W Plankey, Mardge H Cohen , Adaora A Adimora (2020). Direct-Acting Antiviral Hepatitis C Treatment Cascade and Barriers to Treatment Initiation Among US Men and Women With and Without HIV. J Infect Dis, (), . PMC8205633
Journal Article
Association of HLA Genotype With T-Cell Activation in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and HIV/Hepatitis C Virus-Coinfected Women
J Infect Dis
2020
Mar 16
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31802115
BACKGROUND: Global immune activation and HLA alleles are each associated with the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus . METHODS: We evaluated the relationship between 44 HLA class I and 28 class II alleles and percentages of activated CD8 (CD8+CD38+DR+) and CD4 (CD4+CD38+DR+) T cells in 586 women who were naive to highly active antiretroviral therapy. We used linear generalized estimating equation regression models, adjusting for race/ethnicity, age, HIV load, and hepatitis C virus infection and controlling for multiplicity using a false discovery rate threshold of 0.10. RESULTS: Ten HLA alleles were associated with CD8 and/or CD4 T-cell activation. Lower percentages of activated CD8 and/or CD4 T cells were associated with protective alleles B*57:03 (CD8 T cells, -6.6% [P = .002]; CD4 T cells, -2.7% [P = .007]), C*18:01 (CD8 T cells, -6.6%; P < .0008) and DRB1*13:01 (CD4 T cells, -2.7%; P < .0004), and higher percentages were found with B*18:01 (CD8
10.1093/infdis/jiz589
31802115
PMC7325713
Hcv Hiv Hla T-cell activation immune activation
Kovacs AAZ, Kono N, Wang CH, Wang D, Frederick T, Operskalski E, Tien PC, French AL, Minkoff H, Kassaye S, T Golub E, Aouizerat BE, Kuniholm MH, Millstein J (2020). Association of HLA Genotype With T-Cell Activation in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and HIV/Hepatitis C Virus-Coinfected Women. J Infect Dis, 221(7), 1156-1166. PMC7325713
Journal Article
Loss of Preexisting Immunological Memory Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Women Despite Immune Reconstitution With Antiretroviral Therapy
J Infect Dis
2020
Jun 29
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31867597
Background: It is unclear whether human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection results in permanent loss of T-cell memory or if it affects preexisting antibodies to childhood vaccinations or infections. Methods: We conducted a matched cohort study involving 50 pairs of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women. Total memory T-cell responses were measured after anti-CD3 or vaccinia virus (VV) stimulation to measure T cells elicited after childhood smallpox vaccination. VV-specific antibodies were measured by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: There was no difference between HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected study participants in terms of CD4+ T-cell responses after anti-CD3 stimulation (P = .19) although HIV-infected participants had significantly higher CD8+ T-cell responses (P = .03). In contrast, there was a significant loss in VV-specific CD4+ T-cell memory among HIV-infected participants (P = .04) whereas antiviral CD8+ T-cell memory remained intact (P > .99).
10.1093/infdis/jiz678
31867597
PMC7323495
Art Hiv antiretroviral therapy immunological memory smallpox vaccination
Thomas A, Hammarlund E, Gao L, Holman S, Michel KG, Glesby M, Villacres MC, Golub ET, Roan NR, French AL, Augenbraun MH, Slifka MK (2020). Loss of Preexisting Immunological Memory Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Women Despite Immune Reconstitution With Antiretroviral Therapy. J Infect Dis, 222(2), 243-251. PMC7323495
Journal Article
Women from afar: an observational study of demographic characteristics and mortality among foreign-born women living with HIV in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) in the United States 1994-2016
J Int AIDS Soc
2020
May 21
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32437092
INTRODUCTION: Foreign-born persons comprise ~13% of the US population. Immigrants, especially women, often face a complex set of social and structural factors that negatively impact health outcomes including greater risk of HIV infection. We described socio-demographic, clinical and immunological characteristics and AIDs and non-AIDS death among foreign-born women living with HIV (FBWLWH) participating in the US Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) in the US from 1994 to 2016. We hypothesized that FBW will experience higher AIDS-related mortality compared to US-born women (USBW). METHODS: The WIHS is a multicenter prospective observational cohort study of mostly women living with HIV (WLWH). The primary exposure in this analysis, which focused on 3626 WLWH, was self-reported country of birth collapsed into foreign-born and US born. We assessed the association of birthplace with categorized demographic, clinical and immunological characteristics, and AIDS/non-AIDS mortality of WLWH, u
10.1002/jia2.25486
32437092
PMC7241263
Foreign-born Women Hiv Immigrants Mortality United States Wihs
Adedimeji A, Shi Q, Haddad L, Holman S, Edmonds A, Weber K, Kassaye S, Karim R, Bolivar H, Reid M, Kempf MC, Golub E, Hoover DR, Anastos K (2020). Women from afar: an observational study of demographic characteristics and mortality among foreign-born women living with HIV in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) in the United States 1994-2016. J Int AIDS Soc, 23(5), e25486. PMC7241263
Journal Article
The Utility of Digital Anal Rectal Examinations in a Public Health Screening Program for Anal Cancer
J Low Genit Tract Dis
2020
Jan 16
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31972661/
Objectives: There are no uniform screening recommendations for anal cancer. Medical practice guidelines are now available on the use of Digital Anal Rectal Examinations (DARE) for the detection of anal cancer; however, because screening can result in more harm than benefit, our objective was to assess the evidence for use of DARE as a public health screening tool. Materials and methods: We conducted a current critical appraisal of anal cancer literature using World Health Organization criteria for assessing the potential utility of a public health screening program. Results: Digital Anal Rectal Examination satisfies most, but not all, World Health Organization criteria for a public health program that seeks to detect early invasive anal cancer in populations at high risk for anal cancer, most notably HIV-positive men who have sex with men; however, DARE is not appropriate when facilities for treatment are nonexistent. In addition, there are insufficient data on DARE sensitivity and s
10.1097/LGT.0000000000000508
31972661
PMC7147422
Digital Anal Rectal Examinations Anal Cancer
Alan G Nyitray, Gypsyamber D'Souza, Elizabeth A Stier, Gary Clifford, Elizabeth Y Chiao (2020). The Utility of Digital Anal Rectal Examinations in a Public Health Screening Program for Anal Cancer. J Low Genit Tract Dis, 24(2), 192-196. PMC7147422
Journal Article
Associations between Antiretrovirals and Cognitive Function in Women with HIV
J Neuroimmune Pharmacol
2020
Mar 24
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32212091
Cognitive complications persist in antiretroviral therapy(ART)-treated people with HIV. However, the pattern and severity of domain-specific cognitive performance is variable and may be exacerbated by ART-mediated neurotoxicity. 929 women with HIV(WWH) from the Women's Interagency HIV Study who were classified into subgroups based on sociodemographic and longitudinal behavioral and clinical data using semi-parametric latent class trajectory modelling. Five subgroups were comprised of: 1) well-controlled HIV with vascular comorbidities(n = 116); 2) profound HIV legacy effects(CD4 nadir <250 cells/muL; n = 275); 3) primarily <45 year olds with hepatitis C(n = 165); 4) primarily 35-55 year olds(n = 244), and 5) poorly-controlled HIV/substance use(n = 129). Within each subgroup, we fitted a constrained continuation ratio model via penalized maximum likelihood to examine adjusted associations between recent ART agents and cognition. Most drugs were not associated with cognition. However, am
10.1007/s11481-020-09910-1
32212091
PMC7511435
Antiretrovirals Cognition Hiv Heterogeneity Women
Rubin LH, Li Y, Fitzgerald KC, Dastgheyb R, Spence AB, Maki PM, Sharma A, Gustafson DR, Milam J, Weber KM, Adimora AA, Haughey NJ, Ofotokun I, Fischl MA, Konkle-Parker D, Xu Y, Williams DW (2020). Associations between Antiretrovirals and Cognitive Function in Women with HIV. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol, 16(1), 195-206. PMC7511435
Journal Article
Associations between Antiretroviral Drugs on Depressive Symptomatology in Homogenous Subgroups of Women with HIV
J Neuroimmune Pharmacol
2020
Jan 13
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31933016
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is inconsistently associated with depression. These associations may depend on factors such as biological sex, age, and health status. Identifying such factors may help optimize treatment of HIV and depression. We implemented a novel approach to examine interindividual variability in the association between ART agents and depressive symptoms. 3434 women living with HIV (WLWH) from the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) were computationally divided into subgroups based on sociodemographic (e.g., age) and longitudinal (from 1995 to 2016) behavioral and clinical profiles (e.g., substance use, HIV RNA, CD4 counts). Five subgroups (n's ranged from 482 to 802) were identified and characterized as those with: controlled HIV/vascular comorbidities; profound HIV legacy effects; younger women [<45 years of age] with hepatitis C; primarily 35-55 year olds; and poorly controlled HIV/substance use. Within each subgroup, we examined associations between ART agents used
10.1007/s11481-019-09899-2
31933016
PMC7430262
Antiretrovirals Depression Hiv Heterogeneity Women
Williams DW, Li Y, Dastgheyb R, Fitzgerald KC, Maki PM, Spence AB, Gustafson DR, Milam J, Sharma A, Adimora AA, Ofotokun I, Fischl MA, Konkle-Parker D, Weber KM, Xu Y, Rubin LH. (2020). Associations between Antiretroviral Drugs on Depressive Symptomatology in Homogenous Subgroups of Women with HIV. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol, (), . PMC7430262
Journal Article
The regional pattern of abnormal cerebrovascular reactivity in HIV-infected, virally suppressed women
J Neurovirol
2020
Jun 4
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32500476
The purpose of this study was to assess whole brain and regional patterns of cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) abnormalities in HIV-infected women using quantitative whole brain arterial spin labeling (ASL). We hypothesized that HIV-infected women would demonstrate decreased regional brain CVR despite viral suppression. This cross-sectional study recruited subjects from the Bay Area Women's Interagency Health Study (WIHS)-a cohort study designed to investigate the progression of HIV disease in women. In addition to conventional noncontrast cerebral MRI sequences, perfusion imaging was performed before and after the administration of intravenous acetazolamide. CVR was measured by comparing quantitative ASL brain perfusion before and after administration of intravenous acetazolamide. In order to validate and corroborate ASL-based whole brain and regional perfusion, phase-contrast (PC) imaging was also performed through the major neck vessels. FLAIR and susceptibility weighted sequences we
10.1007/s13365-020-00859-8
32500476
PMC7895531
Cerebral vasoreactivity Hiv Mri
Callen AL, Dupont SM, Pyne J, Talbott J, Tien P, Calabrese E, Saloner D, Chow FC, Narvid J (2020). The regional pattern of abnormal cerebrovascular reactivity in HIV-infected, virally suppressed women. J Neurovirol, 26(5), 734-742. PMC7895531
Journal Article
Women’s HIV disclosure to the dentist: Does frequent contact matter?
J Pub Health Dent
2020
Oct 13
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33049081/
Objectives: Research has shown inconsistent patterns of patients' HIV serostatus disclosure to their dentists. Common barriers to disclosure have included confidentiality concerns, fear of treatment refusal, and discrimination. This study evaluated the prevalence of HIV serostatus disclosure to the dentist, whether the frequency of dental care utilization is associated with disclosure, and reasons for nondisclosure among women living with HIV. Methods: We administered a cross-sectional oral health survey to 1,526 women living with HIV in the Women's Interagency HIV Study including questions regarding HIV serostatus disclosure to dentists. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the association between dental care utilization (at least annually versus less than annually) and HIV serostatus disclosure to dentists. Results: Overall, 83 percent of women reported that they disclosed their HIV serostatus to their dentist. The most common reasons for nondisclosure were: a) the denti
10.1111/jphd.12403
33049081
PMC8820452
HIV; oral health; self-disclosure.
Parish CL, Feaster DJ, Pereyra MR, Alcaide ML, Weber KM, Cohen MH, Levin S, Gustafson D, Merenstein D, Aouizerat BE, Donohue J, Webster-Cyriaque J, Wingood G, Kempf MC, Metsch LR (2020). Women’s HIV disclosure to the dentist: Does frequent contact matter?. J Pub Health Dent, (), . PMC8820452
Journal Article
Patterns and trajectories of anal intercourse practice over the life course among US women at risk of HIV
J Sex Med
2020
Jul 20
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32703707/
Introduction: Condomless anal intercourse (AI) confers a far greater likelihood of HIV transmission than condomless vaginal intercourse (VI). However, little is known about AI practice over the life course of women, to what extent AI practice is condom-protected, and whether it is associated with other HIV risk behaviors. We aim to describe longitudinal AI practice among HIV-seronegative women and to identify subgroups with distinct trajectories of AI practice. Methods: Using data from the Women's Interagency HIV Study, an observational cohort of US women with or at risk for HIV, we described AI practice among HIV-seronegative participants. Group-based trajectory modeling was used to identify distinct AI trajectories. We used multinomial regression to examine associations between baseline characteristics and trajectory group membership. Results: A third of the 1,085 women in our sample reported any AI over follow-up (median follow-up = 14 years). AI decreased more sharply with age co
10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.06.007
32703707
PMC9559060
Anal Sex; Heterosexual; Prevention; Sexual Behavior; Transmission; Women
Owen BN, Baggaley RF, Maheu-Giroux M, Elmes J, Adimora AA, Ramirez C, Edmonds A, Sosanya K, Taylor T, Plankey M, Cederbaum J, Seidman D, Weber KM, Golub ET, Sheth AN, Bolivar H, Konkle-Parker D, Boily MC (2020). Patterns and trajectories of anal intercourse practice over the life course among US women at risk of HIV. J Sex Med, 17(9), 1629-1642. PMC9559060
Journal Article
A Prospective Study of Exposure to Gender-Based Violence and Risk of Sexually Transmitted Infection Acquisition in the Women's Interagency HIV Study, 1995-2018
J Womens Health
2020
Sep 30
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32996812
Background: Our objectives were to estimate the association of gender-based violence (GBV) experience with the risk of sexually transmitted infection (STI) acquisition in HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative women, to compare the STI risks associated with recent and lifetime GBV exposures, and to quantify whether these associations differ by HIV status. Methods: We conducted a multicenter, prospective cohort study in the Women's Interagency HIV Study, 1994-2018. Poisson models were fitted using generalized estimating equations to estimate the association of past 6-month GBV experience (physical, sexual, or intimate partner psychological violence) with subsequent self-reported STI diagnosis (gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia, pelvic inflammatory disease, or trichomoniasis). Results: Data from 2868 women who reported recent sexual activity comprised 12,069 person-years. Higher STI risk was observed among HIV-seropositive women (incidence rate [IR] 5.5 per 100 person-years) compared with HI
10.1089/jwh.2019.7972
32996812
PMC7583344
Hiv intimate partner violence physical violence sexual violence sexually transmitted infections
Geller RJ, Decker MR, Adedimeji AA, Weber KM, Kassaye S, Taylor TN, Cohen J, Adimora AA, Haddad LB, Fischl M, Cunningham S, Golub ET (2020). A Prospective Study of Exposure to Gender-Based Violence and Risk of Sexually Transmitted Infection Acquisition in the Women's Interagency HIV Study, 1995-2018. J Womens Health, 29(10), 1256-1267. PMC7583344
Journal Article
Long term persistence of oral HPV over 7 years of follow-up
JNCI Cancer Spectrum
2020
Jun 5
https://academic.oup.com/jncics/advance-article/doi/10.1093/jncics/pkaa047/5851842
Background Human papillomavirus–related oropharyngeal cancer (HPV-OPC) incidence is increasing, but the natural history of the precursor—oral HPV—has not been well described. Methods This observational cohort study of people living with HIV and at-risk HIV uninfected people evaluated participants semiannually using 30-second oral rinse and gargle specimens over 7 years. Initially, 447 participants were followed for 4 years as part of the Persistent Oral Papillomavirus Study, and a subset of 128 who showed persistent infections at the last Persistent Oral Papillomavirus Study visit had an additional visit, as part of the Men and Women Understanding Throat HPV Study, on average 2.5 years later. Extracted DNA from oral rinse and gargle specimens was amplified using polymerase chain reaction and type specification of 13 oncogenic HPV types. Risk factors for oncogenic oral HPV clearance were evaluated using Cox models. Results The majority of oncogenic oral HPV infections cleared quickly,
10.1093/jncics/pkaa047
33225205
PMC7667996
Gypsyamber D’Souza, Gwendolyn Clemens, Howard D Strickler, Dorothy J Wiley, Tanya Troy,Linda Struijk, Maura Gillison, Carole Fakhry (2020). Long term persistence of oral HPV over 7 years of follow-up. JNCI Cancer Spectrum, 4(5), . PMC7667996
Journal Article
Victimization in Early Adolescence, Stress, and Depressive Symptoms Among Aging Sexual Minority Men: Findings from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
LGBT Health
2020
Mar 18
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32186958
Purpose: We investigated the relation between adversities in early adolescence and risk of a depressive phenotype in adulthood, and whether stress in adulthood modified these associations. Methods: A total of 1138 men who have sex with men (MSM) participated in a Multicenter AIDS Cohort substudy in which they reported on adversities in early adolescence. Poisson regression estimated prevalence ratios (PRs) for associations between adversities and a depressive phenotype in adulthood. Stratified analyses examined the effects of stress in the last year on the depressive phenotype. Results: In adjusted models, men who were verbally insulted; threatened by physical violence; had an object thrown at them; or punched, kicked, or beaten were at higher risk of having a depressive phenotype in adulthood (for >/=1 time per month vs. never, PR = 1.50, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.15-1.96; PR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.45-2.34; PR = 2.00, 95% CI = 1.51-2.66; or PR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.35-2.34, respective
10.1089/lgbt.2019.0036
32186958
PMC7175621
Hiv Msm depression early adolescence stress victimization
Surkan PJ, Wang R, Huang Y, Stall R, Plankey M, Teplin LA, Wight RG, Jacobson LP, Abraham AG (2020). Victimization in Early Adolescence, Stress, and Depressive Symptoms Among Aging Sexual Minority Men: Findings from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. LGBT Health, 7(3), 155-165. PMC7175621
Journal Article
T cell subsets and functions in atherosclerosis
Nat Rev Cardiol.
2020
Mar 16
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7872210/
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall and the primary underlying cause of cardiovascular diseases. Approaches including in vivo imaging, cell-lineage tracing and knockout studies in mice, as well as clinical interventional studies and advanced mRNA sequencing techniques have drawn attention to the role of T cells as critical drivers and modifiers of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. CD4+ T cells are commonly found in atherosclerotic plaques. A large body of evidence indicates that T helper 1 (TH1) cells have pro-atherogenic roles and regulatory T (Treg) cells anti-atherogenic roles. However, Treg cells can become pro-atherogenic. The roles in atherosclerosis of other TH cell subsets such as TH2, TH9, TH17, TH22, follicular helper T cells and CD28– T cells, as well as other T cell subsets including CD8+ T cells and γδT cells, are less well understood. Moreover, some T cells seem to have both pro-atherogenic and anti-atherogenic functions. In this Revi
10.1038/s41569-020-0352-5
32203286
PMC7872210
Ryosuke Saigusa, Holger Winkels, and Klaus Ley (2020). T cell subsets and functions in atherosclerosis . Nat Rev Cardiol. , (), . PMC7872210
Journal Article
Body mass index and leptin are associated with executive function over 10 years in women with and without HIV infection. The Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS)
Neurology
2020
Apr 14
https://n.neurology.org/content/94/15_Supplement/4981.abstract
Objective: Body Mass Index (BMI), leptin, and 10y change in BMI and leptin, were related to executive function (EF) in WIHS participants with (HIV+) and at risk for HIV infection (HIV−). Background: BMI and the obesity hormone, leptin are related to cognition in HIV+ and HIV− adults. EF is a key cognitive domain affected. Design/Methods: BMI, leptin, 10y change in BMI and leptin, and tests of EF in 301 HIV+ and 113 HIV− WIHS participants (age 39.8+/−9.2y) were included. Measures were: 1) EF via Trails B and Stroop Interference tests; 2) BMI (kg/m2); and 3) plasma leptin (ng/ml) via Millipore ELISA. Analyses were run in the entire sample and by HIV status. T-tests estimated differences in BMI and leptin by HIV status and 2 visits 10 years apart. Multivariate linear regression analyses predicted EF T-score by baseline and 10y change in leptin and BMI. SAS 9.4 was used. Results: Over 10 years, from mean age 40–50y, HIV+ and HIV− women transitioned from overweight (29.1+/−7.9 kg/m2) to obe
https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.94.15_supplement.4981
34677589
PMC8851924
Francesca Macaluso, Kathleen Weber, Elaine Dellinger, Susan Holman, Howard Minkoff, Howard Minkoff, Sheila Keating, Deborah Gustafson (2020). Body mass index and leptin are associated with executive function over 10 years in women with and without HIV infection. The Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) . Neurology, 94(15), . PMC8851924
Journal Article
Intake of high saturated fat foods predicts cognitive change in the Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS)
Neurology
2020
Apr 14
https://n.neurology.org/content/94/15_Supplement/4847
Objective: To measure dietary intake of high saturated fat foods (HSFF) in association with cognition in women living with HIV infection (WLWH) and at-risk women without HIV (HIV-). Background: Dietary intake of HSFF is associated with cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD), but the association between HSFF and cognitive function has not been assessed among WLWH. Since WLWH often experience food insecurity, information from dietary screeners are often useful and available. Design/Methods: WLWH and HIV-enrolled in the Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) participated in an 18-item Dietary Screener (DS), adapted from a National Cancer Institute survey. Intake frequency of 6 HSFF groups: processed meats, red meats, whole milk, butter and spreads, baked sweets, and fried potatoes, were measured as times per day, week, month or year. Tertiles of intake frequencies were: ≤1.3, >1.3–2.4, and >2.4 times/day. WIHS participants complete biennial Neuropsychologic
https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.94.15_supplement.4847
Lakshmi Warrior, Deborah Gustafson, Kathleen Weber, Phyllis Tien, Audrey French, Amanda Spence, Anjali Sharma, Sheri Weiser, Leah Rubin (2020). Intake of high saturated fat foods predicts cognitive change in the Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). Neurology, 94(15), .
Journal Article
Partial Normalization of Biomarkers of Inflammation and Immune Activation Among Virally Suppressed Men With HIV Infection and High ART Adherence
Open Forum Infect Dis
2020
Mar 23
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32322603
Background: The objective of this study was to investigate whether 100% antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence in men with HIV (MWH) is associated with normalization of concentrations of biomarkers of inflammation and immune activation compared with HIV-uninfected men. Methods: We analyzed person-visits with available biomarker data from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) among MWH receiving ART with HIV RNA <50 copies/mL and among HIV-uninfected men. Self-reported adherence was classified as 100% if no missed ART doses in the past 4 days were reported. We evaluated associations between ART adherence and concentrations of 24 serum biomarkers compared with HIV-uninfected visits using a generalized gamma model, adjusting for potential confounders. Results: Person-visits (2565 from MWH reporting 100% ART adherence and 1588 from HIV-uninfected men) from a total of 1469 men were included in the analysis. Serum concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6), soluble interleukin-6 receptor (sIL
10.1093/ofid/ofaa099
32322603
PMC7162619
Hiv adherence antiretroviral therapy inflammation
Castillo-Mancilla JR, Brown TT, Palella FJ Jr, Macatangay BJC, Breen EC, Jacobson LP, Wada NI (2020). Partial Normalization of Biomarkers of Inflammation and Immune Activation Among Virally Suppressed Men With HIV Infection and High ART Adherence. Open Forum Infect Dis, 7(4), ofaa099. PMC7162619
Journal Article
The Prevalence and Burden of Non-AIDS Co-Morbidities in Women with or At-risk for HIV Infection in the United States
Open Forum Infect Dis
2020
Mar 2
https://academic.oup.com/cid/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/cid/ciaa204/5770982?redirectedFrom=fulltext
Background The prevalence and burden of age-related non-AIDS comorbidities (NACMs) are poorly characterized among women living with HIV (WLWH). Methods Virologically suppressed WLWH and HIV-seronegative participants followed in the Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) through at least 2009 (when >80% of WLWH used antiretroviral therapy) were included, with outcomes measured through 31 March 2018. Covariates, NACM number, and prevalence were summarized at most recent WIHS visit. We used linear regression models to determine NACM burden by HIV serostatus and age. Results Among 3232 women (2309 WLWH, 923 HIV-seronegative) with median observation of 15.3 years, median age and body mass index (BMI) were 50 years and 30 kg/m2, respectively; 65% were black; 70% ever used cigarettes. WLWH had a higher mean NACM number than HIV-seronegative women (3.6 vs 3.0, P < .0001) and higher prevalence of psychiatric illness, dyslipidemia, non-AIDS cancer, kidney, liver, and bone disease (all P < .01).
10.1093/ofid/ofz359.079
32115628
PMC8075036
human immunodeficiency virus, women living with HIV, HIV and aging, non-AIDS comorbidities, comorbidity burden
Lauren F Collins, Anandi N Sheth, C Christina Mehta, Susanna Naggie, Elizabeth T Golub, Kathryn Anastos, Audrey L French, Seble Kassaye, Tonya Taylor, Margaret A Fischl, Adaora A Adimora, Mirjam-Colette Kempf, Frank J Palella, Jr, Phyllis C Tien, Ighovwerha Ofotokun (2020). The Prevalence and Burden of Non-AIDS Co-Morbidities in Women with or At-risk for HIV Infection in the United States. Open Forum Infect Dis, 6(Supplement_2), S36-S36. PMC8075036
Journal Article
The Effects of Anti-Retroviral Therapy on Epigenetic Age Acceleration Observed in HIV-1 Infected Adults
Pathog Immun
2020
Oct 22
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33501399/
Background: HIV-1 infection is associated with acceleration of age-related methylation patterns in peripheral blood and brain of infected individuals although the relative contributions of HIV-1 infection versus its treatment to the observed accelerations in biological aging have not yet been investigated. Methods: In this longitudinal study of the effects of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on epigenetic aging patterns, we extracted DNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 15 HIV-1-infected individuals infected at three time points: 6 months-1year pre-ART, 6-12 months post-initiation of ART, and 18-24 months after initiating ART. We compared these trajectories with those of 15 age-matched uninfected control participants at three time points with similar intervals. Methylation studies were performed using the Infinium methylation 450 arrays. We examined four epigenetic clock measurements: Age acceleration residual (AAR), Extrinsic (EEAA), Phenotypic (PEAA), and Grim (GEAA) epigene
10.20411/pai.v5i1.376
33501399
PMC7815056
HIV; aging; epigenetic clock; epigenetics; methylation
Sehl ME, Rickabaugh TM, Shih R, Martinez-Maza O, Horvath S, Ramirez CM, Jamieson BD (2020). The Effects of Anti-Retroviral Therapy on Epigenetic Age Acceleration Observed in HIV-1 Infected Adults. Pathog Immun, 5(1), 291-311. PMC7815056
Journal Article
The longitudinal impact of employment, retirement and disability status on depressive symptoms among men living with HIV in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
PloS one
2020
Oct 2
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33007781/
Many persons living with HIV (PLWH) either reduced their employment capacity or stopped work completely due to disease progression. With the advent of effective antiretroviral therapy, some PLWH were able to return to the workforce and many are now transitioning into retirement. We examined the histories of employment, retirement and disability status on depression among 1,497 Participants living with HIV from 1997 to 2015 in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Data were collected on depressive symptoms, employment, retirement, disability status as well as HIV-related and sociodemographic characteristics. Employment, retirement and disability status were lagged 2 years to assess whether the risk of depression at a given observation were temporally predicted by each respective status, adjusting for prior depressive symptoms and covariates. Being employed (aOR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.71-0.82) had lower odds of depression risk two years later compared to those unemployed. There were higher odds o
10.1371/journal.pone.0239291
33007781
PMC7532049
Ware D, Rueda S, Plankey M, Surkan P, Okafor CN, Teplin L, Friedman MR (2020). The longitudinal impact of employment, retirement and disability status on depressive symptoms among men living with HIV in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. PloS one, 15(10), e0239291. PMC7532049
Journal Article
HLA tapasin independence: broader peptide repertoire and HIV control
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
2020
Nov 10
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33097667/
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I allotypes vary in their ability to present peptides in the absence of tapasin, an essential component of the peptide loading complex. We quantified tapasin dependence of all allotypes that are common in European and African Americans (n = 97), which revealed a broad continuum of values. Ex vivo examination of cytotoxic T cell responses to the entire HIV-1 proteome from infected subjects indicates that tapasin-dependent allotypes present a more limited set of distinct peptides than do tapasin-independent allotypes, data supported by computational predictions. This suggests that variation in tapasin dependence may impact the strength of the immune responses by altering peptide repertoire size. In support of this model, we observed that individuals carrying HLA class I genotypes characterized by greater tapasin independence progress more slowly to AIDS and maintain lower viral loads, presumably due to increased breadth of peptide presentation. Thus, t
10.1073/pnas.2013554117
33097667
PMC7668082
HLA; peptide repertoire; tapasin
Arman A Bashirova, Mathias Viard, Vivek Naranbhai, Alba Grifoni, Wilfredo Garcia-Beltran, Marjan Akdag, Yuko Yuki, Xiaojiang Gao, Colm O'hUigin, Malini Raghavan, Steven Wolinsky, Jay H Bream, Priya Duggal, Jeremy Martinson, Nelson L Michael, Gregory D Kirk, Susan P Buchbinder, David Haas, James J Goedert, Steven G Deeks, Jacques Fellay, Bruce Walker, Philip Goulder, Peter Cresswell, Tim Elliott, Alessandro Sette, Jonathan Carlson, Mary Carrington (2020). HLA tapasin independence: broader peptide repertoire and HIV control. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 117(45), 28232-28238. PMC7668082
Journal Article
Psychosocial Resources and Emotions in Women Living With HIV Who Have Cognitive Impairment: Applying the Socio-Emotional Adaptation Theory
Research and Theory for Nursing Practice
2020
Jan 1
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31937636/
Decreased cognitive function is related to undesirable psychological outcomes such as greater emotional distress and lower quality of life, particularly among women living with HIV who experience cognitive impairment (WLWH-CI). Yet, few studies have examined the psychosocial resources that may attenuate these negative emotional outcomes. The current study sought to identify the interrelated contributions of social relationships and psychological resources in 399 WLWH-CI by applying Socio-Emotional Adaptation (SEA) theory using data from the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). Cognitive impairment (CI) was defined as impairment on two or more cognitive domains. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds of experiencing specific emotions due to a combination of four psychosocial resources. Emotions (i.e., depression, apathy, fear, anger, and acceptance) were related to a combination of binary (positive/negative) psychosocial resources including relationship with an infor
10.1891/1541-6577.34.1.49
31937636
PMC8062986
anxiety; cognition; depression; emotions; social support; stress
Halpin SN, Ge L, Mehta CC, Gustafson D, Robertson KR, Rubin LH, Sharma A, Vance D, Valcour V, Waldrop-Valverde D, Ofotokun I (2020). Psychosocial Resources and Emotions in Women Living With HIV Who Have Cognitive Impairment: Applying the Socio-Emotional Adaptation Theory. Research and Theory for Nursing Practice, 34(1), 49-64. PMC8062986
Journal Article
Social inequalities contribute to racial/ethnic disparities in depressive symptomology among men who have sex with men
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol
2020
Aug 11
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32780176
PURPOSE: Racial/ethnic minorities experience disproportionate rates of depressive symptoms in the United States. The magnitude that underlying factors-such as social inequalities-contribute to these symptoms is unknown. We sought to identify exposures that explain racial/ethnic differences in clinically significant depressive symptomology among men who have sex with men (MSM). METHODS: Data from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), a prospective cohort study, were used to examine clinically significant symptoms of depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score >/= 20) among non-Latinx White, non-Latinx Black, and Latinx MSM. We included 44,823 person-visits by 1729 MSM seen in the study sites of Baltimore/Washington, DC; Chicago; Pittsburgh/Columbus; and Los Angeles from 2000 to 2017. Regression models estimated the percentage of depressive symptom risk explained by social, treatment, and health-related variables related to race/ethnicity. Machine-learning met
10.1007/s00127-020-01940-7
32780176
PMC7870462
Depressive symptoms Men who have sex with men Racial/ethnic health disparities USA
Barrett BW, Abraham AG, Dean LT, Plankey MW, Friedman MR, Jacobson LP, Teplin LA, Gorbach PM, Surkan PJ (2020). Social inequalities contribute to racial/ethnic disparities in depressive symptomology among men who have sex with men. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, (), . PMC7870462
Journal Article
Longitudinal multivariate normative comparisons
Stat Med
2020
Dec 9
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33296952/
Motivated by the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), we develop classification procedures for cognitive impairment based on longitudinal measures. To control family-wise error, we adapt the cross-sectional multivariate normative comparisons (MNC) method to the longitudinal setting. The cross-sectional MNC was proposed to control family-wise error by measuring the distance between multiple domain scores of a participant and the norms of healthy controls and specifically accounting for intercorrelations among all domain scores. However, in a longitudinal setting where domain scores are recorded multiple times, applying the cross-sectional MNC at each visit will still have inflated family-wise error rate due to multiple testing over repeated visits. Thus, we propose longitudinal MNC procedures that are constructed based on multivariate mixed effects models. A χ 2 test procedure is adapted from the cross-sectional MNC to classify impairment on longitudinal multivariate normal data. Mea
10.1002/sim.8850.
33296952
PMC9157690
cognitive impairment; false discovery rate; family-wise error rate; longitudinal analysis; multivariate mixed-effect model
Zheng Wang , Yu Cheng , Eric C Seaberg, Leah H Rubin, Andrew J Levine, James T Becker, Neuropsychology Working Group of the MACS (2020). Longitudinal multivariate normative comparisons. Stat Med, (), . PMC9157690
Journal Article
Impact of biological sex on immune activation and frequency of the latent HIV reservoir during suppressive antiretroviral therapy
The Journal of Infectious Diseases
2020
Nov 9
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32496542/
Background: Persistent HIV infection of long-lived resting CD4 T cells, despite antiretroviral therapy (ART), remains a formidable barrier to an HIV cure. Women have a more robust Type I interferon response during HIV infection relative to men that contributes to lower initial plasma viremia. As lower levels of viremia during acute infection are associated with reduced frequency of latent HIV infection in CD4 T cells on ART, we hypothesized that women on ART would have a lower frequency of latent HIV compared to matched men. Methods: ART-suppressed, HIV seropositive women (n=22) were matched 1:1 based on age and race to 22 of 39 ART-suppressed men. As a secondary analysis, we also compared the 22 women to all 39 men, adjusting for age and race as covariates. We measured the frequency of latent HIV using the quantitative viral outgrowth assay, Intact Proviral DNA Assay, and total HIV gag DNA. We also performed activation/exhaustion immunophenotyping on PBMCs and quantified interferon-s
10.1093/infdis/jiaa298
32496542
PMC7653086
HIV; cure; men; reservoir; women
Falcinelli SD, Shook-Sa BE, Dewey MG, Sridhar S, Read J, Kirchherr J, James KS, Allard B, Ghofrani S, Stuelke E, Baker C, Roan NR, Eron JJ, Kuruc JD, Ramirez C, Gay C, Mollan KR, Margolis DM, Adimora AA, Archin NM (2020). Impact of biological sex on immune activation and frequency of the latent HIV reservoir during suppressive antiretroviral therapy. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 222(11), 1843-1852. PMC7653086
Journal Article
Cross-validation of transtheoretical model smoking cessation measures in Chicago WIHS women smokers with and at risk for HIV
Transl Behav Med
2020
May 20
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30715533
People with and at risk for HIV have high rates of smoking, increasing their morbidity and mortality. Effective cessation interventions are needed for this group. Transtheoretical model (TTM)-tailored interventions have demonstrated efficacy, but measures need cross-validation in this population. TTM cessation measures were evaluated in women smokers with and at risk for HIV (N = 111) from Chicago Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). Confirmatory factor analyses evaluated measurement models. MANOVAs examined relationships between constructs and stage subgroups. For decisional balance, the two-factor uncorrelated model was best (chi2(20) = 13.96; comparative fit index [CFI], 1.0; root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = .00), with good (pros alpha = .78) and fair (cons alpha = .55) four-item alphas. The one-factor temptations model (alpha = .90) showed reasonable fit (chi2(18) = 80.22; CFI = .89; RMSEA = .177). Processes of change subscales had fair to good two-item alphas (al
10.1093/tbm/ibz001
30715533
PMC7237546
*Adult women *hiv+ *Measurement validation *Smoking cessation *ttm *Transtheoretical model
Redding CA, Goldberg D, Weber KM, Yin HQ, Paiva AL, Burke-Miller J, Cohen MH, Rossi JS (2020). Cross-validation of transtheoretical model smoking cessation measures in Chicago WIHS women smokers with and at risk for HIV. Transl Behav Med, 10(2), 457-468. PMC7237546
Journal Article
digitalSTS: A Field Guide for Science & Technology Studies
2019
https://books.google.com/books?id=HRaKDwAAQBAJ
Book
Neighborhoods, Stress, And CVD Risk Among Women With HIV In Chicago WIHS
Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations
2019
https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/3518/
As women living with HIV (WLWH) have aged in the United States, more and more are experiencing common comorbidities associated with aging. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are among the most common chronic diseases that WLWH experience. HIV-positive women are uniquely vulnerable to CVD as they age due to a mix of intersecting circumstances, including general- and HIV-associated factors. Since an individual’s perception of their neighborhood environment is a key contributor to cardiovascular health, it is important to examine the relationship between neighborhoods and cardiovascular health among WLWH. The purpose of this dissertation study was to examine associations between perception of neighborhood environment, stress, and cardiovascular disease risk among HIV-positive women. In order to describe the existing evidence regarding perception of neighborhood environment, chronic stress, and CVD risk among WLWH, I developed a conceptual framework of the interaction between neighborhood envi
Thesis
Multifactorial discrimination, discrimination salience, and prevalent experiences of internalized homophobia in middle-aged and older MSM
Aging Ment Health
2019
Apr 2
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30938175/
Objectives: We sought to test whether discrimination salience and multifactorial discrimination were associated with prevalent experiences of internalized homophobia among middle-aged and older men who have sex with men (MSM).Methods: We analyzed data from 498 middle-aged and older MSM from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) who reported any lifetime discrimination experience. We estimated the prevalence ratio of current internalized homophobia using multivariable Poisson regressions, accounting for discrimination salience, multifactorial discrimination, and covariates. We then assessed whether multifactorial discrimination moderated the association between discrimination salience and internalized homophobia.Results: Over half (56.4%) of our sample reported any current experience of internalized homophobia. More than two-thirds reported multifactorial discrimination (68.2%) and more than one-third (36.7%) reported moderate-to-high discrimination salience. Increases in discriminat
1080/13607863.2019.1594161
30938175
PMC7041891
MSM; Middle-aged; internalized homophobia; stigma
Steven P Meanley, Ron D Stall, Mary E Hawk, Pamela J Surkan, Steven J Shoptaw, Derrick D Matthews, Linda A Teplin, James E Egan, Michael W Plankey (2019). Multifactorial discrimination, discrimination salience, and prevalent experiences of internalized homophobia in middle-aged and older MSM. Aging Ment Health, 24(7), 1167-1174. PMC7041891
Journal Article
Increased risk of anal squamous cell carcinoma in HIV-positive men with prior hepatitis B virus infection
AIDS
2019
Jan 27
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30325778
OBJECTIVE(S): HIV-positive individuals have elevated rates of anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and sexually transmitted infections with its causative agent, high-risk human papillomavirus, and other oncoviruses including hepatitis B virus (HBV). HBV infection can cause liver cancer, and has been associated with increased risk of some extra-hepatic cancers including biliary tract cancer, pancreatic cancer, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Whether HBV is associated with anal SCC risk is unknown. DESIGN: Prospective study of anal SCC risk in HIV-positive and HIV-negative MSM in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study from 1984 to 2014. METHODS: Poisson regression models were used to examine the association between past or current HBV infection (positive tests for HBV core antibodies, surface antigen, and/or DNA) and anal SCC risk. RESULTS: We observed 53 cases of anal SCC among 5298 participants with 79 334 person-years follow-up. Among HIV-positive men, past or current HBV infection was associated
10.1097/QAD.0000000000002059
30325778
PMC6279494
Adult Aged Anus Neoplasms/*epidemiology Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/*epidemiology HIV Infections/*complications Hepatitis B/*complications Homosexuality, Male Humans Incidence Male Middle Aged Prospective Studies Risk Factors
Aldersley J, Lorenz DR, Misra V, Uno H, Gabuzda D (2019). Increased risk of anal squamous cell carcinoma in HIV-positive men with prior hepatitis B virus infection. AIDS, 33(1), 145-152. PMC6279494
Journal Article
Contributions of HIV, hepatitis C virus, and traditional vascular risk factors to peripheral artery disease in women
AIDS
2019
1-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31335806
OBJECTIVES: HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) have been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), but it is unclear whether HIV and HCV are also associated with peripheral artery disease (PAD). We examined the association of HIV, HCV, and traditional CVD risk factors with PAD in the Women's Interagency HIV Study, a multicenter US cohort. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, ankle-brachial index was estimated using Doppler ultrasound and manual sphygmomanometer in 1899 participants aged more than 40 years with HIV/HCV coinfection, HCV or HIV monoinfection, or neither infection. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of PAD (ankle-brachial index </=0.9) after controlling for demographic, behavioral, and CVD risk factors. RESULTS: Over two-thirds were African-American, median age was 50 years, and PAD prevalence was 7.7% with little difference by infection status. After multivariable adjustment, neither HIV nor HCV infection was associated with greater odds o
10.1097/QAD.0000000000002319
31335806
PMC6774831
Ankle Brachial Index Coinfection/*complications/virology Cross-Sectional Studies Female HIV Infections/*complications Hepatitis C/*complications Humans Logistic Models Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis Peripheral Arterial Disease/*diagnosis/*epidemiology Prevalence Prospective Studies Risk Factors Sphygmomanometers Ultrasonography, Doppler United States/epidemiology
Cedarbaum E, Ma Y, Scherzer R, Price JC, Adimora AA, Bamman M, Cohen M, Fischl MA, Matsushita K, Ofotokun I, Plankey M, Seaberg EC, Yin MT, Grunfeld C, Vartanian S, Sharma A, Tien PC. (2019). Contributions of HIV, hepatitis C virus, and traditional vascular risk factors to peripheral artery disease in women. AIDS, 33(13), 2025-2033. PMC6774831
Journal Article
Prevalence and 1-year incidence of frailty among women with and without HIV in the Women's Interagency HIV Study
AIDS
2019
1-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30562174
10.1097/QAD.0000000000002047
30562174
PMC6487202
Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Female Frailty/*epidemiology HIV Infections/complications Humans Incidence Middle Aged Prevalence United States/epidemiology
Fatukasi TV, Edmonds A, Gustafson DR, Cole SR, Edwards JK, Bolivar H, Cohen M, Fischl MA, Gange S, Konkle-Parker D, Moran CA, Plankey M, Sharma A, Tien PC, Adimora AA (2019). Prevalence and 1-year incidence of frailty among women with and without HIV in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. AIDS, 33(2), 357-359. PMC6487202
Journal Article
Plasma acylcarnitines and progression of carotid artery atherosclerosis in HIV infection
AIDS
2019
1-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30946158
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate plasma acylcarnitine profiles and their relationships with progression of carotid artery atherosclerosis among individuals with and without HIV infection. DESIGN: Prospective cohort studies of 499 HIV-positive and 206 HIV-negative individuals from the Women's Interagency HIV Study and the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. METHODS: Twenty-four acylcarnitine species were measured in plasma samples of participants at baseline. Carotid artery plaque was assessed using repeated B-mode carotid artery ultrasound imaging in 2004-2013. We examined the associations of individual and aggregate short-chain (C2-C7), medium-chain (C8-C14) and long-chain acylcarnitines (C16-C26) with incident carotid artery plaque over 7 years. RESULTS: Among 24 acylcarnitine species, C8-carnitines and C20 : 4-carnitines showed significantly lower levels comparing HIV-positive to HIV-negative individuals (false discovery rate adjusted P < 0.05); and C20-carnitines and C26-carnitines showed signifi
10.1097/QAD.0000000000002142
30946158
PMC6457128
Adult Atherosclerosis/*epidemiology Carnitine/*analogs & derivatives/blood Carotid Arteries/diagnostic imaging/pathology Carotid Artery Diseases/*epidemiology Female HIV Infections/complications Humans Longitudinal Studies Male Middle Aged Plasma/chemistry Prospective Studies Risk Factors Ultrasonography
Hua S, Scott JM, Hanna DB, Haberlen SA, Shah SJ, Hodis HN, Landay AL, Lazar JM, Kizer JR, Yu B, Post WS, Anastos K, Kaplan RC, Clish CB, Qi Q (2019). Plasma acylcarnitines and progression of carotid artery atherosclerosis in HIV infection. AIDS, 33(6), 1043-1052. PMC6457128
Journal Article
Poverty stigma is associated with suboptimal HIV care and treatment outcomes among women living with HIV in the United States
AIDS
2019
1-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30870197
OBJECTIVE: To examine whether experienced poverty stigma is associated with worse HIV care and treatment outcomes. DESIGN: We analyzed cross-sectional data from 433 women living with HIV enrolled in the Women's Adherence and Visit Engagement substudy of the Women's Interagency HIV Study. METHODS: Exposure was experienced poverty stigma, measured using the Perceived Stigma of Poverty Scale. Outcomes were viral suppression, CD4 cell count at least 350 cells/mul, and attending all HIV care visits in the past 6 months. Multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for income, age, race/ethnicity, education, substance use, months taking antiretroviral therapy (ART), number of antiretroviral pills in ART regimen, unstable housing, relationship status, and exchanging sex for money, drugs, or shelter. We also explored whether self-reported at least 95% ART adherence mediated the relationship between poverty stigma and viral suppression and CD4 cell count at least 350 cells/mul. RESULTS: Ex
10.1097/QAD.0000000000002189
30870197
PMC6546535
Adult Anti-Retroviral Agents/*therapeutic use CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cross-Sectional Studies Drug Utilization/*statistics & numerical data Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/immunology/virology Humans Middle Aged Poverty/*psychology Prospective Studies *Social Stigma Sustained Virologic Response Treatment Outcome United States Viral Load
Leddy AM, Turan JM, Johnson MO, Neilands TB, Kempf MC, Konkle-Parker D, Wingood G, Tien PC, Wilson TE, Logie CH, Weiser SD, Turan B. (2019). Poverty stigma is associated with suboptimal HIV care and treatment outcomes among women living with HIV in the United States. AIDS, 33(8), 1379-1384. PMC6546535
Journal Article
Neuropsychological changes in efavirenz switch regimens
AIDS
2019
1-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30932965
BACKGROUND: Efavirenz is associated with side effects involving the central nervous system. However, it remains largely unknown whether switching off EFV improves neuropsychological performance. METHODS: We utilized data from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Participants were categorized by their use of EFV: never on EFV (No EFV), continuously on EFV (No Switch-OFF) and on EFV and then switched off (Switch-OFF). Baseline time points were defined as visits when first neuropsychological data were available. In Analysis 1, we compared neuropsychological and Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) scores before and after EFV switch in Switch-OFF group, aligning participants at the time of switch. Analysis 2 evaluated trajectory of neuropsychological/CES-D score among the three groups. RESULTS: This analysis included 1989 HIV-seropositive participants with neuropsychological data (1675 in No EFV, 44 in No Switch-OFF, and 270 in Switch-OFF group). At baseline, pa
10.1097/QAD.0000000000002206
30932965
PMC6588288
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage/*adverse effects Benzoxazines/administration & dosage/*adverse effects Cohort Studies Depression/*pathology *Drug Substitution Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy Humans Male Middle Aged *Neuropsychological Tests Severity of Illness Index
Li Y, Wang Z, Cheng Y, Becker JT, Martin E, Levine A, Rubin LH, Sacktor N, Ragin A, Ho K (2019). Neuropsychological changes in efavirenz switch regimens. AIDS, 33(8), 1307-1314. PMC6588288
Journal Article
Frailty predicts fractures among women with and at-risk for HIV
AIDS
2019
1-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30702514
OBJECTIVE: To determine associations between frailty and fracture in women with and without HIV infection. DESIGN: Prospective longitudinal cohort study evaluating associations between baseline frailty status and frailty components, with first and second incident fractures. METHODS: We evaluated associations of frailty with fracture among 1332 women with HIV and 532 uninfected women without HIV. Frailty was defined as at least three of five Fried Frailty Index components: slow gait, reduced grip strength, exhaustion, unintentional weight loss, and low physical activity. Cox proportional hazards models determined predictors of time to first and second fracture; similar models evaluated Fried Frailty Index components. RESULTS: Women with HIV were older (median 42 vs. 39 years, P < 0.0001) and more often frail (14 vs. 8%, P = 0.04) than women without HIV; median follow-up was 10.6 years. Frailty was independently associated with time to first fracture in women with and without HIV combine
10.1097/QAD.0000000000002082
30702514
PMC6361531
Adult Female Fractures, Bone/*epidemiology Frailty/*complications HIV Infections/*complications Humans Longitudinal Studies Middle Aged Prospective Studies Risk Assessment
Sharma A, Shi Q, Hoover DR, Tien PC, Plankey MW, Cohen MH, Golub ET, Gustafson D, Yin MT (2019). Frailty predicts fractures among women with and at-risk for HIV. AIDS, 33(3), 455-463. PMC6361531
Journal Article
GlycA, a novel inflammatory marker, is associated with subclinical coronary disease
AIDS
2019
1-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30475263
OBJECTIVE: GlycA, a novel NMR biomarker of inflammation, has been associated with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the general population, but its association with CVD among HIV-infected individuals is unknown. We examined the associations between GlycA and subclinical coronary plaque among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected men participating in Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of 935 men with plasma measurement of GlycA and noncontrast cardiac computed tomography (CT) and/or coronary CT angiography. METHODS: We used multivariable Poisson and linear regression to assess associations of GlycA with prevalent coronary atherosclerosis and plaque extent, respectively. RESULTS: Mean +/- SD age was 54 +/- 7 years; 31% were black; 63% HIV-infected. GlycA levels were higher in HIV-infected compared with HIV-uninfected men (397 +/- 68 vs. 380 +/- 60 mumol/l, P = 0.0001) and higher for men with detectable viral load vs. undetectable (413 +/- 79 vs. 393 +
10.1097/QAD.0000000000002079
30475263
PMC6559349
Acute-Phase Proteins/*chemistry Adult Aged Biomarkers/*blood/*chemistry Coronary Disease/*diagnosis Cross-Sectional Studies Glycosylation HIV Infections/*complications Humans Male Middle Aged Polysaccharides/*analysis Prevalence Prospective Studies Risk Factors Viral Load
Tibuakuu M, Fashanu OE, Zhao D, Otvos JD, Brown TT, Haberlen SA, Guallar E, Budoff MJ, Palella FJ Jr, Martinson JJ, Akinkuolie AO, Mora S, Post WS, Michos ED (2019). GlycA, a novel inflammatory marker, is associated with subclinical coronary disease. AIDS, 33(3), 547-557. PMC6559349
Journal Article
Longitudinal association between internalized HIV stigma and antiretroviral therapy adherence for women living with HIV: the mediating role of depression
AIDS
2019
1-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30702521
OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether internalized HIV-related stigma predicts adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) longitudinally in women living with HIV in the United States, and whether depression symptoms mediate the relationship between internalized stigma and suboptimal ART adherence. DESIGN: Observational longitudinal study utilizing data from the Women's Interagency HIV Study cohort. METHODS: A measure of internalized HIV-related stigma was added to the battery of Women's Interagency HIV Study measures in 2013. For current analyses, participants' first assessment of internalized HIV-related stigma and assessments of other variables at that time were used as baseline measures (Time one or T1, visit occurring in 2013/14), with outcomes measured approximately 2 years later (T3, 2015/16; n = 914). A measure of depression symptoms, assessed approximately 18 months after the baseline (T2, 2014/15), was used in mediation analyses (n = 862). RESULTS: Higher internalized HIV-related
10.1097/QAD.0000000000002071
30702521
PMC6362840
Adult Anti-Retroviral Agents/*therapeutic use Depression/*complications Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*psychology Humans Longitudinal Studies Medication Adherence/*statistics & numerical data Middle Aged *Social Stigma United States
Turan B, Rice WS, Crockett KB, Johnson M, Neilands TB, Ross SN, Kempf MC, Konkle-Parker D, Wingood G, Tien PC, Cohen M, Wilson TE, Logie CH, Sosanya O, Plankey M, Golub E, Adimora AA, Parish C, Weiser SD, Turan JM (2019). Longitudinal association between internalized HIV stigma and antiretroviral therapy adherence for women living with HIV: the mediating role of depression. AIDS, 33(3), 571-576. PMC6362840
Journal Article
Cross-sectional analysis of cognitive function in the MACS with multivariate normative comparisons
AIDS
2019
Nov
https://journals.lww.com/aidsonline/Abstract/2019/11150/Cross_sectional_analysis_of_cognitive_function.1.aspx
Prevalence estimates of cognitive impairment in HIV disease vary widely. Here we used multivariate normative comparison (MNC) to identify individuals with impaired cognition, and to compare the results with those using the Frascati and modified Gisslén criteria.
10.1097/QAD.0000000000002312
31335803
PMC6832818
Wang, Zheng; Molsberry, Samantha A Cheng, Yua; Kingsley, Lawrence; Levine, Andrew; Martin, Eileen; Munro, Cynthia A.; Ragin, Ann; Rubin, Leah H, Sacktor, Ned; Seaberg, Eric, Becker, James T (2019). Cross-sectional analysis of cognitive function in the MACS with multivariate normative comparisons. AIDS, (), . PMC6832818
Journal Article
Associations between lipids and subclinical coronary atherosclerosis
AIDS
2019
1-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30946159
OBJECTIVE: Whether HIV modifies the relationship of serum lipids with coronary atherosclerosis and coronary plaque subtypes is uncertain. We examined the associations between traditional lipids and coronary atherosclerosis among HIV-infected (HIV+) and HIV-uninfected (HIV-) men. DESIGN: The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study is an observational cohort with a total of 429 HIV+ and 303 HIV- men who had non-contrast cardiac computed tomography performed to measure coronary artery calcium and coronary computed tomography angiography to measure coronary stenosis, coronary plaque presence, and composition. METHODS: We used multivariable adjusted prevalence ratios to examine the relationship between the SD difference in each lipid parameter and coronary atherosclerosis. RESULTS: Total cholesterol (TC)/HDL-cholesterol had the strongest associations with coronary atherosclerosis regardless of HIV status. Overall, lipid parameters were most strongly associated with the presence of mixed plaque, steno
10.1097/QAD.0000000000002151
30946159
PMC6457132
Adult *Asymptomatic Diseases Cohort Studies Coronary Artery Disease/*epidemiology/pathology Coronary Vessels/diagnostic imaging/pathology HIV Infections/*complications Humans Lipids/*blood Male Middle Aged Prevalence Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Whelton SP, Deal JA, Zikusoka M, Jacobson LP, Sarkar S, Palella FJ Jr, Kingsley L, Budoff M, Witt MD, Brown TT, Post WS (2019). Associations between lipids and subclinical coronary atherosclerosis. AIDS, 33(6), 1053-1061. PMC6457132
Journal Article
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate initiation and changes in urinary biomarker concentrations among HIV-infected men and women
AIDS
2019
15-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30830887
OBJECTIVES: Urinary biomarkers of kidney injury may have potential to identify subclinical injury attributable to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) toxicity. DESIGN: This observational study included 198 HIV-infected participants from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and the Women's Interagency HIV Study, who initiated TDF between 2009 and 2015 and had urine samples collected at baseline before and after TDF initiation. METHODS: We used linear mixed-effects models controlling for urine creatinine and time on TDF to evaluate the effects of TDF initiation on changes in 14 urinary biomarkers. RESULTS: Within 1 year after TDF initiation, concentrations of trefoil factor 3 [+78%; 95% confidence interval (CI) +38%, +129%), alpha-1 microglobulin (alpha1m) (+32%; 95% CI +13%, +55%), clusterin (+21%; 95% CI +6%, +38%), uromodulin (+19%; 95% CI +4%, +36%), and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) (+13%; 95% CI +1%, +26%) significantly increased, whereas interleukin-18 (IL-18) significantly decrea
10.1097/QAD.0000000000002114
30830887
PMC6400312
Acute Kidney Injury/*chemically induced/pathology Adult Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage/*adverse effects Biomarkers/*urine Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*pathology Humans Male Middle Aged Tenofovir/administration & dosage/*adverse effects Urinalysis
Zhang WR, Scherzer R, Estrella MM, Ascher SB, Muiru A, Jotwani V, Grunfeld C, Parikh CR, Gustafson D, Kassaye S, Sharma A, Cohen M, Tien PC, Ng DK, Palella FJ Jr, Witt MD, Ho K, Shlipak MG (2019). Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate initiation and changes in urinary biomarker concentrations among HIV-infected men and women. AIDS, 33(4), 723-733. PMC6400312
Journal Article
Behavioral changes following HIV seroconversion during the historical expansion of HIV treatment in the United States
AIDS
2019
27-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30325770
OBJECTIVES: To identify the ways in which HIV seroconversion impacts subsequent health behaviors in the context of evolving HIV treatment technologies. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. METHODS: We assessed changes in health and HIV risk behaviors following HIV seroconversion both before and after HIV treatment access (i.e. HAART) in the United States by drawing from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, which collected data from men who have sex with men (MSM) (n = 4616) in four US cities from 1984 to 2008. Longitudinal regression analyses with individual fixed effects accounted for time-invariant, unobservable determinants of risk behaviors. Further analyses assessed the sensitivity of our results to controlling for indicators of physical and mental health (e.g. CD4 cell count, depression) and differential attrition by higher risk individuals. RESULTS: Among those who seroconverted during observation (n = 558), HIV seroconversion was associated with reduced odds of subsequent engagement
10.1097/QAD.0000000000002048
30325770
PMC6475119
Adolescent Adult Anti-Retroviral Agents/*therapeutic use HIV Seropositivity/*drug therapy/*psychology Health Risk Behaviors/*physiology *Health Services Accessibility Humans Male Middle Aged Prospective Studies Sexual Behavior/*statistics & numerical data United States Young Adult
Zhu W, Bazzi SA, Bazzi AR (2019). Behavioral changes following HIV seroconversion during the historical expansion of HIV treatment in the United States. AIDS, 33(1), 113-121. PMC6475119
Journal Article
The Longitudinal Association between Social Support on HIV Medication Adherence and Healthcare Utilization in the Women's Interagency HIV Study
AIDS Behav
2019
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30311104
Social support is associated with HIV-related health outcomes. However, few studies have explored this longitudinally. We assessed psychometric properties of the Medical Outcomes Study's Social Support Survey among women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study, and explored the longitudinal effects of social support on HIV medication adherence (HIV-positive women) and healthcare utilization (HIV-positive and negative women). The 15 questions loaded into two factors, with Cronbach's Alpha > 0.95. Over 3 years, perceived emotional support was associated with optimal medication adherence (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.10-1.28) and healthcare utilization (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.05-1.27), and tangible social support with adherence only (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.08-1.27) when controlling for covariates, including core sociodemographic characteristics and depressive symptoms. Interventions to further understand the drivers of sub-types of social support as well as enhance sustained social support may assist with optimi
10.1007/s10461-018-2308-x
30311104
PMC7331802
Adult Depression/complications Ethnic Groups/psychology/statistics & numerical data Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/psychology Humans Longitudinal Studies Medication Adherence/*psychology Middle Aged Patient Acceptance of Health Care/*psychology/statistics & numerical data Psychometrics *Social Support *Surveys and Questionnaires Vulnerable Populations Adherence Hiv Healthcare utilization Social support Wihs
Chandran A, Benning L, Musci RJ, Wilson TE, Milam J, Adedimeji A, Parish C, Adimora AA, Cocohoba J, Cohen MH, Holstad M, Kassaye S, Kempf MC, Golub ET (2019). The Longitudinal Association between Social Support on HIV Medication Adherence and Healthcare Utilization in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. AIDS Behav, 23(8), 2014-2024. PMC7331802
Journal Article
The Relationship Between Discrimination and Missed HIV Care Appointments Among Women Living with HIV
AIDS Behav
2019
May 2
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31049811
Receiving regular HIV care is crucial for maintaining good health among persons with HIV. However, racial and gender disparities in HIV care receipt exist. Discrimination and its impact may vary by race/ethnicity and gender, contributing to disparities. Data from 1578 women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study ascertained from 10/1/2012 to 9/30/2016 were used to: (1) estimate the relationship between discrimination and missing any scheduled HIV care appointments and (2) assess whether this relationship is effect measure modified by race/ethnicity. Self-reported measures captured discrimination and the primary outcome of missing any HIV care appointments in the last 6 months. Log-binomial models accounting for measured sources of confounding and selection bias were fit. For the primary outcome analyses, women experiencing discrimination typically had a higher prevalence of missing an HIV care appointment. Moreover, there was no statistically significant evidence for effect measure modif
10.1007/s10461-019-02522-8
31049811
PMC6824941
HIV, Health status disparities, Outpatient care, Social discrimination, Women
Cressman AE, Howe CJ, Nunn AS, Adimora AA, Williams DR, Kempf MC, Chandran A, Wentz EL, Blackstock OJ, Kassaye SG, Cohen J, Cohen MH, Wingood GM, Metsch LR, Wilson TE (2019). The Relationship Between Discrimination and Missed HIV Care Appointments Among Women Living with HIV. AIDS Behav, 24(1), 151-164. PMC6824941
Journal Article
Impact of Medicare Part D on mental health treatment and outcomes for dual eligible beneficiaries with HIV
AIDS Care
2019
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30189747
Depression is common among women with HIV and untreated depression can result in poor quality of life and worsen HIV outcomes. Women with HIV who are dually enrolled in Medicaid and Medicare faced a potential disruption in medication access when Medicare Part D was implemented in 2006. The goal of this study was to estimate the effects of Medicare Part D implementation on antidepressant use, depressive symptoms, and hospitalization in Medicaid-Medicare dual eligible women with HIV. This study used 2003-2008 data from the Women's Interagency HIV Study. The effects of Medicare Part D were estimated using a difference-in-differences approach, adjusting for temporal trends using a matched control group of Medicaid-only enrollees. Before Medicare Part D implementation, dual eligibles differed from Medicaid-only enrollees in antidepressant use and hospitalization, despite having identical prescription drug coverage through Medicaid. For dual enrollees, the transition to Medicare Part D was n
10.1080/09540121.2018.1516283
30189747
PMC6342646
Adult Aged Anti-HIV Agents/economics/*therapeutic use Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use Drug Costs Eligibility Determination Female Financing, Government/economics HIV Infections/*drug therapy/psychology Hospitalization Humans Insurance Coverage/economics Insurance, Pharmaceutical Services/economics Male Medicaid/*statistics & numerical data Medicare Part D/*statistics & numerical data Mental Disorders/drug therapy/economics/epidemiology Mental Health Prescription Drugs/economics/*therapeutic use Quality of Life Treatment Outcome United States *hiv *Medicare Part D *mental health
Belenky N, Pence BW, Cole SR, Dusetzina SB, Edmonds A, Oberlander J, Plankey M, Adedimeji A, Wilson TE, Cohen J, Cohen MH, Milam JE, Adimora AA (2019). Impact of Medicare Part D on mental health treatment and outcomes for dual eligible beneficiaries with HIV. AIDS Care, 31(4), 505-512. PMC6342646
Journal Article
Turning disability into ability: barriers and facilitators to initiating and maintaining exercise among older men living with HIV
AIDS Care
2019
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29968493
Physical activity reduces the risk for comorbidities, but little is known about barriers to exercise among older adults living with HIV. Three focus groups were conducted among 19 adults living with HIV, aged >/= 50 years, who were enrolled in or recently completed a supervised exercise intervention. Sessions were recorded, transcribed, and coded first using inductive methods. All participants were male, and the majority were white, non-Hispanic; 53% were receiving disability benefits. All had suppressed HIV infection on antiretroviral therapy, with almost 20 years since HIV diagnosis. Participants noted a lack of self-efficacy, motivation, and physical limitations that contributed to a sense of "disability" as barriers to exercise prior to the intervention. Through social support and improvements in self-efficacy, participants were motivated to start and continue exercising. Perceived sense of disability may impede (or interfere with) exercise initiation and maintenance; self-efficacy
10.1080/09540121.2018.1493186
29968493
PMC6318073
Disabled Persons/*psychology *Exercise Focus Groups HIV Infections/drug therapy/*psychology Humans Male Middle Aged Motivation Self Efficacy Social Support *hiv *Research *aging *comorbidities *physical activity *qualitative *self-efficacy
Neff HA, Kellar-Guenther Y, Jankowski CM, Worthington C, McCandless SA, Jones J, Erlandson KM (2019). Turning disability into ability: barriers and facilitators to initiating and maintaining exercise among older men living with HIV. AIDS Care, 31(2), 260-264. PMC6318073
Journal Article
Self-perception of aging among HIV-positive and HIV-negative participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
AIDS care
2019
Sept 23
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31547674/
Self-perception of aging is an important predictor of quality of life. Therefore, we sought to examine self-perceptions of aging (age discrepancy and aging satisfaction) between HIV-positive and HIV-negative men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). We included 835 HIV-negative and 784 HIV-positive men aged 50 years and older who had completed a survey about age discrepancy and aging satisfaction from the "Attitude toward own aging" subscale of the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale scale. Multinomial generalized logit models were generated to assess self-perception of aging by HIV-status. Most of the participants self-identified as white, former smokers, and had completed high school. HIV-positive individuals reported higher prevalence of comorbidities than HIV-negative individuals. After adjusting for covariates, positive age discrepancy (older subjective age) was positively associated with being HIV-positive and having less than a high school education, depressive symptoms,
10.1080/09540121.2019.1668536
31547674
PMC7085960
HIV; Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study; Subjective age; aging satisfaction; self-perceptions of aging.
Nieves-Lugo K, Ware D, Friedman MR, Haberlen S, Egan J, Brown AL, Dakwar O, Plankey M. (2019). Self-perception of aging among HIV-positive and HIV-negative participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. AIDS care, 32(7), 818-828. PMC7085960
Journal Article
Neighborhood Racial Diversity, Socioeconomic Status, and Perceptions of HIV-Related Discrimination and Internalized HIV Stigma Among Women Living with HIV in the United States
AIDS Patient Care STDS
2019
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31166786
Relationships that traverse sociodemographic categories may improve community attitudes toward marginalized groups and potentially protect members of those groups from stigma and discrimination. The present study evaluated whether internalized HIV stigma and perceived HIV-related discrimination in health care settings differ based on individual- and neighborhood-level characteristics of women living with HIV (WLHIV). We also sought to extend previous conceptual and empirical work to explore whether perceived HIV-related discrimination mediated the association between neighborhood racial diversity and internalized HIV stigma. A total of 1256 WLHIV in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) attending 10 sites in metropolitan areas across the United States completed measures of internalized HIV stigma and perceived HIV-related discrimination in health care settings. Participants also provided residential information that was geocoded into Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) co
10.1089/apc.2019.0004
31166786
PMC6588105
Adult Aged Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use Cross-Sectional Studies *Discrimination, Psychological Female Geographic Mapping HIV Infections/drug therapy/epidemiology/*psychology Humans Male Middle Aged Race Factors Residence Characteristics Social Class Social Isolation/*psychology *Social Stigma United States/epidemiology *hiv *discrimination *geocoding *internalized stigma *racial diversity *women
Crockett KB, Edmonds A, Johnson MO, Neilands TB, Kempf MC, Konkle-Parker D, Wingood G, Tien PC, Cohen M, Wilson TE, Logie CH, Sosanya O, Plankey M, Golub E, Adimora AA, Parish C, Weiser SD, Turan JM, Turan B (2019). Neighborhood Racial Diversity, Socioeconomic Status, and Perceptions of HIV-Related Discrimination and Internalized HIV Stigma Among Women Living with HIV in the United States. AIDS Patient Care STDS, 33(6), 270-281. PMC6588105
Journal Article
Association of Gut Intestinal Integrity and Inflammation with Insulin Resistance in Adults Living with HIV in Uganda
AIDS Patient Care STDS
2019
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31188016
We conducted a cross-sectional study of 148 HIV+ on HIV antiretroviral therapy and 149 HIV- adults in Mbarara, Uganda, to estimate the association between HIV infection and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) using multivariable regression analysis. In addition, we evaluated whether intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP), monocyte activation markers soluble (s)CD14 and sCD163, and proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 6 (IL-6) mediated this association. HOMA-IR was greater among HIV+ than HIV- adults [median (interquartile range): 1.3 (0.7-2.5) vs. 0.9 (0.5-2.4); p = 0.008]. In models adjusted for sociodemographic variables, diet, hypertension, and smoking history, HIV infection was associated with 37% [95% confidence intervals (95% CIs): 5-77] greater HOMA-IR compared with HIV- participants. The magnitude of association was greater when I-FABP was included as a covariate although the additive effect was modest (40% CI: 8-82). By contrast adding sCD14 to
10.1089/apc.2019.0032
31188016
PMC6602108
Adult Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use Biomarkers/*blood/metabolism Body Mass Index Case-Control Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood/complications *Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins Female Glucose Intolerance/blood/metabolism HIV Infections/blood/*complications/drug therapy/*metabolism HIV Seronegativity Humans Inflammation/blood/*metabolism Insulin Resistance/*physiology Male Middle Aged Uganda *hiv *Sub-Saharan Africa *diabetes mellitus *insulin resistance
Reid MJA, Ma Y, Golovaty I, Okello S, Sentongo R, Feng M, Tsai AC, Kakuhikire B, Tracy R, Hunt PW, Siedner M, Tien PC (2019). Association of Gut Intestinal Integrity and Inflammation with Insulin Resistance in Adults Living with HIV in Uganda. AIDS Patient Care STDS, 33(7), 299-307. PMC6602108
Journal Article
A Mixed Methods Study of Anticipated and Experienced Stigma in Health Care Settings Among Women Living with HIV in the United States
AIDS Patient Care STDS
2019
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30932700
Among places where people living with HIV experience and anticipate HIV-related stigma, stigma in health care settings may be particularly harmful. Utilizing an exploratory sequential mixed methods approach, we conducted interviews (n = 76) and questionnaires (N = 460) with older adult women living with HIV enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study in Birmingham, AL; Jackson, MS; Atlanta, GA; and San Francisco, CA. Interviews addressed facilitators and barriers to HIV treatment adherence, including HIV-related stigma. Qualitative data were coded using thematic analysis. Questionnaires assessed self-reported antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence and experienced and anticipated HIV-related stigma from various sources (i.e., health care personnel, family, partner, and community). Covariate-adjusted logistic regression analyses examined total and mediated effects of stigma on ART adherence. Interviewees described fears and experiences of stigma in health care settings; including priva
10.1089/apc.2018.0282
30932700
PMC6459270
Adaptation, Psychological Aged Anti-Retroviral Agents/*therapeutic use Depression Fear Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/epidemiology Humans Interviews as Topic Medication Adherence/ethnology/*psychology Middle Aged Patient Compliance/ethnology/*psychology Qualitative Research *Social Stigma Surveys and Questionnaires United States/epidemiology Young Adult *hiv/aids *adherence *antiretroviral therapy *mental health *mixed methods *stigma
Rice WS, Turan B, Fletcher FE, Nápoles TM, Walcott M, Batchelder A, Kempf MC, Konkle-Parker DJ, Wilson TE, Tien PC, Wingood GM, Neilands TB, Johnson MO, Weiser SD, Turan JM (2019). A Mixed Methods Study of Anticipated and Experienced Stigma in Health Care Settings Among Women Living with HIV in the United States. AIDS Patient Care STDS, 33(4), 184-195. PMC6459270
Journal Article
Examination of Polypharmacy Trajectories Among HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Men in an Ongoing Longitudinal Cohort from 2004 to 2016
AIDS Patient Care STDS
2019
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31369298
Polypharmacy is the concurrent use of five or more medications. We used group-based trajectory analysis to identify groups of non-HIV medication polypharmacy and investigate associated risk factors among HIV-positive and HIV-negative men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) from 2004 to 2016. Each participant was assigned to mutually exclusive groups based on their observed patterns of polypharmacy over time. Risk factors associated with membership with resulting groups were investigated using a multinomial generalized logit model with repeated measures. There were 3160 participants (54.3% HIV positive) included in the study. The overall prevalence of polypharmacy was 33.1% and was higher in HIV-positive than HIV-negative participants (36.2% vs. 30.0%; p < 0.001). Four distinct groups of polypharmacy emerged over time among all participants and among HIV-positive participants only: (1) nonpolypharmacy, (2) slow increasing polypharmacy, (3) rapid increasing polypharmacy, and (4)
10.1089/apc.2019.0057
31369298
PMC6661916
Adult Aged Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/epidemiology HIV Seronegativity HIV Seropositivity Humans Inappropriate Prescribing/*statistics & numerical data Male Middle Aged *Polypharmacy Prevalence Prospective Studies Risk Factors United States/epidemiology *hiv/aids *msm *longitudinal cohort *medications
Ware D, Palella FJ , Jr, Chew KW, Friedman MR, D'Souza G, Ho K, Plankey M (2019). Examination of Polypharmacy Trajectories Among HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Men in an Ongoing Longitudinal Cohort from 2004 to 2016. AIDS Patient Care STDS, 33(8), 354-365. PMC6661916
Journal Article
Dysregulation in Genital Tract Soluble Immune Mediators in Postmenopausal Women Is Distinct by HIV Status
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2019
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30618272
A rise in new HIV diagnoses among older adults is characterized by poor prognosis and reduced survival times. Although heterosexual transmission remains the main route of infection in women, little is known regarding immune functions in the genital tract of postmenopausal women, especially those who are HIV positive. Furthermore, effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on the genital tract immune system are unclear. Using the Women's Interagency HIV Study repository, we obtained cervical-vaginal lavage (CVL) samples from premenopausal and postmenopausal HIV-positive and HIV-negative women, some of whom were on HRT. Samples were assayed for interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), Elafin, human beta defensin-2 (HBD2), and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-3alpha using ELISA. Anti-HIV activity in CVL was measured using TZM-bl indicator cells. Among HIV-positive women, the plasma viral load was significantly highe
10.1089/AID.2018.0234
30618272
PMC6909396
Adult CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cross-Sectional Studies Cytokines/*analysis Elafin/*analysis Female Genitalia, Female/*immunology HIV Infections/*immunology HIV-1/immunology Hormone Replacement Therapy/adverse effects Humans Middle Aged Postmenopause/*immunology Premenopause/immunology Prospective Studies Secretory Leukocyte Peptidase Inhibitor/*analysis Vaginal Douching Viral Load beta-Defensins/*analysis *hiv *cervical-vaginal lavage *female genital tract *hormone replacement therapy *menopause *soluble immune mediators
Ghosh M, Jais M, Delisle J, Younes N, Benyeogor I, Biswas R, Mohamed H, Daniels J, Wang C, Young M, Kassaye S (2019). Dysregulation in Genital Tract Soluble Immune Mediators in Postmenopausal Women Is Distinct by HIV Status. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 35(3), 251-259. PMC6909396
Journal Article
Effect of Testosterone Use on Bone Mineral Density in HIV-Infected Men
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2019
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30280921
HIV-infected men have increased rates of osteoporosis and fracture compared to HIV-uninfected men. Testosterone use among HIV-infected men is common. In HIV-uninfected men, testosterone increases bone mineral density (BMD), but its effects have not been evaluated in HIV-infected men. In a substudy of Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), the Bone Strength Substudy (BOSS) enrolled 202 HIV-infected and 201 HIV-uninfected men aged between 50 and 69 years. Study participants underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at the lumbar spine (LS), total hip (TH), and femoral neck (FN) and detailed assessment of osteoporosis risk factors. We used multivariable linear regression to determine associations and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between self-reported testosterone use and T-scores at the LS, TH, and FN after adjustment for demographics, behavioral covariates, comorbidities, and other traditional osteoporosis risk factors. HIV-infected men reported more frequent testosterone use (22
10.1089/AID.2018.0150
30280921
PMC6909395
Absorptiometry, Photon Aged Androgens/*administration & dosage Bone Density/*drug effects HIV Infections/*complications Humans Male Middle Aged Osteoporosis/*prevention & control Prospective Studies Risk Assessment Testosterone/*administration & dosage *HIV infection *anti-HIV agents *bone density *humans *testosterone
Grant PM, Li X, Jacobson LP, Palella FJ Jr, Kingsley LA, Margolick JB, Dobs AS, Lake JE, Althoff KN, Brown TT (2019). Effect of Testosterone Use on Bone Mineral Density in HIV-Infected Men. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 35(1), 75-80. PMC6909395
Journal Article
HIV Infection Is Associated with Greater Left Ventricular Mass in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2019
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31044604
HIV infection has been associated with diastolic heart failure and atrial fibrillation. The purpose of this study is to determine whether HIV infection is associated with differences in left ventricular mass (LVM), left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), and left atrial volume (LAV) indexed to body surface area (left ventricular mass index, left ventricular end-diastolic volume index [LVEDVI], and left atrial volume index [LAVI], respectively). Cross-sectional study of 721 men [425 HIV-infected (HIV+), 296 HIV-uninfected (HIV-) enrolled in the cardiovascular substudy of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Participants underwent cardiac computed tomography imaging. A blinded reader measured LVM, LVEDV, and LAV. We used multivariable linear regression models to evaluate whether LVEDVI, left ventricular mass index (LVMI), and LAVI differed by HIV serostatus, adjusting for demographics and cardiovascular disease risk factors. LVMI was significantly greater in HIV+ compared wit
10.1089/AID.2019.0014
31044604
PMC6688109
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy/*physiopathology Adult Aged Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/adverse effects Atrial Fibrillation/*epidemiology/physiopathology CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cardiomyopathies/*epidemiology/pathology Cross-Sectional Studies Heart Failure/*epidemiology/physiopathology Heart Ventricles/*physiopathology Humans Male Middle Aged Risk Factors Ventricular Function, Left/*physiology *aids *hiv *X-ray computed tomography *cardiomyopathy *diastolic *heart failure
Hutchins E, Wang R, Rahmani S, Nakanishi R, Haberlen S, Kingsley L, Witt MD, Palella FJ Jr, Jacobson L, Budoff MJ, Post WS. (2019). HIV Infection Is Associated with Greater Left Ventricular Mass in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 35(8), 755-761. PMC6688109
Journal Article
White Blood Cell Counts, Lymphocyte Subsets, and Incident Diabetes Mellitus in Women Living With and Without HIV
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2019
Dec 17
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31709815
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with expansion of proinflammatory lymphocyte subsets. We investigated the relationship of total white blood cell (WBC) count and lymphocyte subsets with incident DM in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). Higher CD4 and CD8 T cell counts, lymphocyte count, and total WBC count were associated with incident DM among both women with and without HIV, although the association of CD8 was not statistically significant among women without HIV.
10.1089/AID.2019.0174
31709815
PMC7044769
CD4; CD8; HIV-1; diabetes mellitus; lymphocyte; white blood cell; women
Johnston CD, Hoover DR, Shi Q, Sharma A, Hanna DB, Anastos K, Tien PC, Fischl M, Gustafson D, Spence A, Karim R, French A, Schneider M, Adimora AA, Moran C, Konkle-Parker D, Glesby MJ (2019). White Blood Cell Counts, Lymphocyte Subsets, and Incident Diabetes Mellitus in Women Living With and Without HIV. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 36(2), 131-133. PMC7044769
Journal Article
C1q/TNF-Related Proteins, HIV and HIV-Associated Factors, and Cardiometabolic Phenotypes in Middle-Aged Women
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2019
Nov/Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31359766
C1q/tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related proteins (CTRPs) have been linked to energy homeostasis and vascular health. People with HIV are susceptible to cardiometabolic disease, but the contributions of different CTRPs are unknown. We investigated the associations of HIV and related factors with serum CTRPs, and CTRPs' relationships with cardiometabolic phenotypes. This involved a cross-sectional analysis of participants in the Women's Interagency HIV Study aged >/=35 with (n = 209) and without (n = 92) HIV who underwent carotid ultrasound in 2004-2005 and had stored serum available for measurement of total adiponectin and CTRPs 1, 3, 5, and 9. The Benjamini/Hochberg procedure was used to control the study-wide false-positive rate. HIV-positive women had significantly higher adiponectin than HIV-negative women after adjustment for sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical variables [beta = 0.29 (95% confidence interval 0.11-0.47)]. Among HIV-positive women, lower CD4 count was associat
10.1089/AID.2019.0099
31359766
PMC6862952
Adiponectin/*blood Adult CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cardiovascular Diseases/blood/etiology Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Cohort Studies Complement C1q/*analysis Cross-Sectional Studies Female HIV Infections/blood/*complications/immunology Humans Insulin Resistance Middle Aged Phenotype Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Peptides and Proteins/*blood Viral Load *ctrp *hiv *adiponectin *cardiovascular disease *glycemia *insulin resistance
Kasher Meron M, Xu S, Glesby MJ, Qi Q, Hanna DB, Anastos K, Kaplan RC, Kizer JR (2019). C1q/TNF-Related Proteins, HIV and HIV-Associated Factors, and Cardiometabolic Phenotypes in Middle-Aged Women. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 35(12-Nov), 1054-1064. PMC6862952
Journal Article
Oral Microbiome in HIV-Infected Women: Shifts in the Abundance of Pathogenic and Beneficial Bacteria Are Associated with Aging, HIV Load, CD4 Count, and Antiretroviral Therapy
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2019
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29808701
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated nonacquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) conditions, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, osteoporosis, and dementia are more prevalent in older than in young adult HIV-infected subjects. Although the oral microbiome has been studied as a window into pathogenesis in aging populations, its relationship to HIV disease progression, opportunistic infections, and HIV-associated non-AIDS conditions is not well understood. We utilized 16S rDNA-based pyrosequencing to compare the salivary microbiome in three groups: (1) Chronically HIV-infected women >50 years of age (aging); (2) HIV-infected women <35 years of age (young adult); and (3) HIV-uninfected age-matched women. We also examined correlations between salivary dysbiosis, plasma HIV RNA, CD4(+) T cell depletion, and opportunistic oral infections. In both aging and young adult women, HIV infection was associated with salivary dysbiosis characterized by increased abundance of Prevotell
10.1089/AID.2017.0200
29808701
PMC6909750
Adult Aging/*psychology Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*adverse effects Bacteria/*classification/genetics CD4 Lymphocyte Count CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes Cohort Studies Dysbiosis/microbiology Female *Gastrointestinal Microbiome HIV/genetics HIV Infections/drug therapy/*immunology/*microbiology High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing Humans Middle Aged Mouth/*microbiology Opportunistic Infections Phylogeny RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics Saliva/microbiology *Viral Load *hiv *aging *disease progression *opportunistic infection *oral microbiome *saliva
Lewy T, Hong BY, Weiser B, Burger H, Tremain A, Weinstock G, Anastos K, George MD (2019). Oral Microbiome in HIV-Infected Women: Shifts in the Abundance of Pathogenic and Beneficial Bacteria Are Associated with Aging, HIV Load, CD4 Count, and Antiretroviral Therapy. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 35(3), 276-286. PMC6909750
Journal Article
Computerized Adjudication of Coronary Heart Disease Events Using the Electronic Medical Record in HIV Clinical Research: Possibilities and Challenges Ahead
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2019
Sep 10
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31407587
This pilot study assessed feasibility of computer-assisted electronic medical record (EMR) abstraction to ascertain coronary heart disease (CHD) event hospitalizations. We included a sample of 87 hospitalization records from participants the University of North Carolina (UNC) site of the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) and UNC Center for AIDS Research (CFAR) HIV Clinical Cohort who were hospitalized within UNC Healthcare System from July 2004 to July 2015. We compared a computer algorithm utilizing diagnosis/procedure codes, medications, and cardiac enzyme levels to adjudicate CHD events [myocardial infarction (MI)/coronary revascularization] from the EMR to standardized manual chart adjudication. Of 87 hospitalizations, 42 were classified as definite, 25 probable, and 20 non-CHD events by manual chart adjudication. A computer algorithm requiring presence of >/=1 CHD-related International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision (ICD-9)/Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code co
10.1089/AID.2019.0036
31407587
PMC7185364
HIV; computer phenotype; computerized event adjudication; coronary heart disease; electronic medical record
M. E. Floris-Moore, A., Napravnik, S., Adimora, A. A. (2019). Computerized Adjudication of Coronary Heart Disease Events Using the Electronic Medical Record in HIV Clinical Research: Possibilities and Challenges Ahead. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 36(4), 306-313. PMC7185364
Journal Article
Gait Speed Decline Is Associated with Hemoglobin A1C, Neurocognitive Impairment, and Black Race in Persons with HIV
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2019
Nov/Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31468979
Gait speed declines at a faster rate in persons with HIV (PWH) than in the general population but the risk factors associated with this decline are not well understood. In the AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) A5322 (HAILO, HIV Infection, Aging, and Immune Function Long-term Observational Study), an observational cohort study of PWH >/=40 years of age, those who developed slow gait during the first 3 years of follow-up were compared with persons who maintained normal speed. Associations with demographic and clinical covariates were assessed using multivariable logistic regression. Of 929 participants, 81% were men, 31% Black, and 20% Hispanic. Median age was 51 years [interquartile range (IQR) = 46-56]. At study entry, 92% had plasma HIV RNA <50 copies/mL with median CD4 count 631 cells/mm(3) (IQR = 458-840). At study entry, 7% of participants had slow gait, 16% had neurocognitive impairment (NCI), and 12% had diabetes. Over 3 years, 87% maintained normal gait speed, 3% maintained a sl
10.1089/AID.2019.0101
31468979
PMC6862955
Adult African Americans/*statistics & numerical data *Aging CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Female Glycated Hemoglobin A/*analysis HIV Infections/*complications/*ethnology Humans Longitudinal Studies Male Middle Aged Neurocognitive Disorders/*etiology Odds Ratio RNA, Viral/blood Risk Factors *Walking Speed *gait speed *hemoglobin A1C *neurocognitive impairment
Masters MC, Perez J, Tassiopoulos K, Andrade A, Ellis R, Yang J, Brown TT, Palella FJ , Jr, Erlandson KM (2019). Gait Speed Decline Is Associated with Hemoglobin A1C, Neurocognitive Impairment, and Black Race in Persons with HIV. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 35(12-Nov), 1065-1073. PMC6862955
Journal Article
HIV Status Does Not Affect Rectal Microbiome Composition, Diversity, or Stability over Time: A Chicago Women's Interagency HIV Study
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2019
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30618262
It remains unclear whether differences in gut microbiota noted between HIV-infected and uninfected individuals are driven by HIV or sexual behavior. We evaluated rectal swab microbiota of HIV-infected and uninfected women with similar demographic, neighborhood, and diet characteristics enrolled in the Chicago Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). DNA was amplified for sequencing of fragments of bacterial small subunit (SSU or 16S) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. HIV-infected and uninfected women did not differ by Shannon diversity index (p = .14), non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) plot of Bray-Curtis indices (p = .488, r = 0.0027), or copy number of individual taxa. Both groups demonstrated marked microbiome stability over time (p = .889).
10.1089/AID.2018.0250
30618262
PMC6434590
Adult Anti-Retroviral Agents/adverse effects/therapeutic use Chicago Corynebacterium/genetics Diet Dysbiosis/microbiology Female Follow-Up Studies *Gastrointestinal Microbiome HIV/immunology HIV Infections/drug therapy/*microbiology Humans Middle Aged Rectum/*microbiology Sexual Behavior/physiology Staphylococcus/genetics Surveys and Questionnaires Time Factors *hiv *microbiome *mucosal immunology *women
Williams B, Weber K, Chlipala G, Evans C, Morack R, French A (2019). HIV Status Does Not Affect Rectal Microbiome Composition, Diversity, or Stability over Time: A Chicago Women's Interagency HIV Study. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 35(3), 260-266. PMC6434590
Journal Article
The Impact of Past and Current Alcohol Consumption Patterns on Progression of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Among Women and Men Living with HIV Infection
Alcohol Clin Exp Res
2019
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30735256
BACKGROUND: The relationship between alcohol consumption and atherosclerosis has not been sufficiently examined among people living with HIV (PLWH). METHODS: We analyzed data from PLWH in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS; n = 1,164) and the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS; n = 387) with no history of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Repeated measures of intima-media thickness of the right common carotid artery (CCA-IMT) were assessed using B-mode ultrasound from 2004 to 2013. Current alcohol consumption was collected at time of CCA-IMT measurement and was categorized according to gender-specific weekly limits. Group-based trajectory models categorized participants into past 10-year consumption patterns (1994 to 2004). Multivariate generalized estimating equations were conducted to assess the association of past and current alcohol use patterns on change in CCA-IMT by cohort, controlling for age, race, cigarette and illicit drug use, probable depression, HIV RNA viral load, anti
10.1111/acer.13974
30735256
PMC6443465
Adult Aged Alcohol Drinking/*adverse effects/trends Carotid Intima-Media Thickness/*psychology/*statistics & numerical data/trends Disease Progression Female HIV Infections/complications/*psychology Humans Male Middle Aged Ultrasonography *Alcohol *Atherosclerosis *Cardiovascular Disease *Carotid Intima-Media Thickness *hiv
Chichetto NE, Plankey MW, Abraham AG, Sheps DS, Ennis N, Chen X, Weber KM, Shoptaw S, Kaplan RC, Post WS, Cook RL (2019). The Impact of Past and Current Alcohol Consumption Patterns on Progression of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Among Women and Men Living with HIV Infection. Alcohol Clin Exp Res, 43(4), 695-703. PMC6443465
Journal Article
Differences in statin utilization and lipid lowering by race, ethnicity, and HIV status in a real-world cohort of persons with human immunodeficiency virus and uninfected persons
Am Heart J
2019
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30685678
BACKGROUND: Risks for cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction and stroke, are elevated in people with HIV infection (PWH). However, no trials of statin utilization with clinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) end points have been completed in PWH, and there are sparse real-world data regarding statin use and lipid-lowering effectiveness. We therefore used a unique cohort of PWH and uninfected controls to evaluate (1) differences in statin types used for PWH versus uninfected persons; (2) lipid lowering achieved by statin use for PWH versus uninfected persons; and (3) racial and ethnic disparities in appropriate statin use among PWH and uninfected persons. METHODS: We analyzed a cohort of 5,039 PWH and 10,011 uninfected demographically matched controls who received care at a large urban medical center between January 1, 2000, and May 17, 2017. Medication administration records, prescription data, and validated natural language processing algorithms were used to determine
10.1016/j.ahj.2018.11.012
30685678
PMC9274984
Adult Aged Biomarkers/blood Cardiovascular Diseases/ethnology/etiology/*prevention & control *Continental Population Groups *Ethnic Groups Female Follow-Up Studies *hiv HIV Infections/blood/*complications/ethnology Humans Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/*therapeutic use Lipids/*blood Male Middle Aged Retrospective Studies United States/epidemiology
Riestenberg RA, Furman A, Cowen A, Pawlowksi A, Schneider D, Lewis AA, Kelly S, Taiwo B, Achenbach C, Palella F, Stone NJ, Lloyd-Jones DM, Feinstein MJ (2019). Differences in statin utilization and lipid lowering by race, ethnicity, and HIV status in a real-world cohort of persons with human immunodeficiency virus and uninfected persons. Am Heart J, 209(), 79-87. PMC9274984
Journal Article
Verrucous Carcinoma of the Vulva: A Case Report and Literature Review
Am J Case Rep
2019
19-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31002657
BACKGROUND Verrucous carcinoma (VC) of the vulva is a variation of squamous carcinoma (SCC). Etiology and treatment of VC are still unclear. CASE REPORT A 50-year-old female visited our clinic with a giant vulvar tumor (8 cm of diameter maximum). Biopsy revealed a suspicious well differentiation squamous cancer. PET/CT (positron emission tomography/computed tomography) scan found suspicious lymph node in bilateral iliac vessel region and bilateral inguinal region. She underwent radical vulvectomy and bilateral inguinal lymph node dissection, and bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection. Pathology turns out to be VC and no lymph nodes involvement. Due to the large defection, vulvar reconstruction was performed 5 weeks later using skin grafts and pudendal thigh flap. This patient was disease free after 12 months follow-up. CONCLUSIONS In patients with VC, a satisfactory biopsy is important and systemic inguinal lymphadenectomy might be omitted. For patients with large defection, flap-based
10.12659/AJCR.914367
31002657
PMC6485040
Biopsy, Needle Carcinoma, Verrucous/*diagnostic imaging/pathology/surgery Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Immunohistochemistry Lymph Node Excision Lymph Nodes/*pathology Middle Aged Neoplasm Invasiveness/pathology Neoplasm Staging Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography/methods Reconstructive Surgical Procedures/*methods Risk Assessment Surgical Flaps/*transplantation Treatment Outcome Vulvar Neoplasms/*diagnostic imaging/pathology/surgery Vulvectomy/methods
Zhang W, Wang Y, Chen W, Du J, Xiang L, Ye S, Yang H (2019). Verrucous Carcinoma of the Vulva: A Case Report and Literature Review. Am J Case Rep, 20(), 551-556. PMC6485040
Journal Article
Nonparametric Bounds for the Risk Function
Am J Epidemiol
2019
Apr 1
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30698633/
Nonparametric bounds for the risk difference are straightforward to calculate and make no untestable assumptions about unmeasured confounding or selection bias due to missing data (e.g., dropout). These bounds are often wide and communicate uncertainty due to possible systemic errors. An illustrative example is provided.
10.1093/aje/kwz013
30698633
PMC6438811
bias; bounds; inference; missing data
Cole SR, Hudgens MG, Edwards JK, Brookhart MA, Richardson DB, Westreich D, Adimora AA (2019). Nonparametric Bounds for the Risk Function. Am J Epidemiol, 188(4), 632-636. PMC6438811
Journal Article
The Changing Science of HIV Epidemiology in the United States
Am J Epidemiol
2019
31-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31595945
In 1984, a large prospective study of the natural history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), was established; 10 years later, the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) was launched. Motivated by the merger and redesign of these long-standing HIV cohort studies in 2019, we review ways in which HIV epidemiology in the United States has transformed over the lives of these studies and how this evolution has influenced planning for enrollment and follow-up. We highlight changes that have occurred in the 3 major domains that are central to epidemiologic science: changes to key populations at highest risk for HIV, refinements in measurement and shifts in the outcomes of interest, and a new era in the tools and approaches that epidemiologists use to synthesize evidence from measurements made on populations. By embracing foundational principles with modern methods, the epidemiologic approach of analyzing the causes and distributions of dise
10.1093/aje/kwz211
31595945
PMC7036648
Epidemiology/*trends HIV Infections/*epidemiology Humans Prospective Studies United States/epidemiology *HIV epidemiology *inference *measurement *population
D'Souza G, Golub ET, Gange SJ (2019). The Changing Science of HIV Epidemiology in the United States. Am J Epidemiol, 188(12), 2061-2068. PMC7036648
Journal Article
Inflammation and Risk of Depression in HIV: Prospective Findings From the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
Am J Epidemiol
2019
1-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31642472
Studies suggest that inflammation might be involved in the pathogenesis of depression. Individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have a higher risk of depression and elevated inflammatory profiles. Despite this, research on the link between inflammation and depression among this high-risk population is limited. We examined a sample of men who have sex with men from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study in prospective analyses of the association between inflammation and clinically relevant depression symptoms, defined as scores >20 on Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. We included 1,727 participants who contributed 9,287 person-visits from 1984 to 2010 (8,218 with HIV (HIV+) and 1,069 without (HIV-)). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to characterize underlying inflammatory processes from 19 immune markers. Logistic regression with generalized estimating equations was used to evaluate associations between inflammatory processes and depressive symptoms st
10.1093/aje/kwz190
31642472
PMC6825834
Depression/epidemiology/*etiology HIV Infections/*complications/psychology Humans Inflammation/*complications Male Prevalence Prospective Studies Sexual and Gender Minorities/*psychology United States/epidemiology *hiv *biomarkers *depression *immune activation *inflammation
Lu H, Surkan PJ, Irwin MR, Treisman GJ, Breen EC, Sacktor N, Stall R, Wolinsky SM, Jacobson LP, Abraham AG (2019). Inflammation and Risk of Depression in HIV: Prospective Findings From the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Am J Epidemiol, 188(11), 1994-2003. PMC6825834
Journal Article
Associations of Urine Biomarkers with Kidney Function Decline in HIV-Infected and Uninfected Men
Am J Nephrol
2019
25-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31553981
BACKGROUND: HIV-infected (HIV+) persons are at increased risk of chronic kidney disease, but serum creatinine does not detect early losses in kidney function. We hypothesized that urine biomarkers of kidney damage would be associated with subsequent changes in kidney function in a contemporary cohort of HIV+ and HIV-uninfected (HIV-) men. METHODS: In the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, we measured baseline urine concentrations of 5 biomarkers from 2009 to 2011 in 860 HIV+ and 337 HIV- men: albumin, alpha-1-microglobulin (alpha1m), interleukin-18 (IL-18), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), and procollagen type III N-terminal propeptide (PIIINP). We evaluated associations of urine biomarker concentrations with annual changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using multivariable linear mixed models adjusted for demographics, traditional kidney disease risk factors, HIV-related risk factors, and baseline eGFR. RESULTS: Over a median follow-up of 4.8 years, the average annual eGF
10.1159/000502898
31553981
PMC6856405
Biomarkers/urine Cohort Studies Follow-Up Studies Glomerular Filtration Rate/*physiology HIV Infections/*complications/urine Humans Kidney Function Tests/*methods Male Middle Aged Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/*diagnosis/epidemiology/etiology/physiopathology Risk Factors Sexual and Gender Minorities Time Factors United States/epidemiology *Albuminuria *Alpha-1-microglobulin *hiv *Kidney damage *Urine biomarker
Ascher SB, Scherzer R, Estrella MM, Shlipak MG, Ng DK, Palella FJ, Witt MD, Ho K, Bennett MR, Parikh CR, Ix JH, Jotwani V (2019). Associations of Urine Biomarkers with Kidney Function Decline in HIV-Infected and Uninfected Men. Am J Nephrol, 50(5), 401-410. PMC6856405
Journal Article
The effects of incarceration on sexually transmitted infections in women with or at risk for human immunodeficiency virus in the United States
Am J Obstet Gynecol
2019
Dec
https://www.ajog.org/article/S0002-9378(19)31283-9/abstract
10.1016/j.ajog.2019.10.057
A. Knittel, J. Rudolph, B. Shook-Sa, A. Edmonds, C. Ramirez, M. Cohen, A. Adedimeji, T. Taylor, K. Michel, J. Milam, J. Cohen, J. Donohue, A. Foster, M. Fischl, D. Konkle-Parker, A. Adimora (2019). The effects of incarceration on sexually transmitted infections in women with or at risk for human immunodeficiency virus in the United States. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 221(6), .
Journal Article
Miscarriage among women in the United States Women's Interagency HIV Study, 1994-2017
Am J Obstet Gynecol
2019
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31136732
BACKGROUND: Relatively little is known about the frequency and factors associated with miscarriage among women living with HIV. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to evaluate factors associated with miscarriage among women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted an analysis of longitudinal data collected from Oct. 1, 1994, to Sept. 30, 2017. Women who attended at least 2 Women's Interagency HIV Study visits and reported pregnancy during follow-up were included. Miscarriage was defined as spontaneous loss of pregnancy before 20 weeks of gestation based on self-report assessed at biannual visits. We modeled the association between demographic, behavioral, and clinical covariates and miscarriage (vs live birth) for women overall and stratified by HIV status using mixed-model logistic regression. RESULTS: Similar proportions of women living with and without HIV experienced miscarriage (37% and 39%, respectively, P = .638). In adjusted analyses, smok
10.1016/j.ajog.2019.05.034
31136732
PMC6878114
Abortion, Spontaneous/*epidemiology Adult Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/statistics & numerical data Female HIV Infections/blood/drug therapy/*epidemiology Humans Logistic Models Longitudinal Studies Marijuana Use/epidemiology Odds Ratio Pregnancy Protease Inhibitors/therapeutic use Protective Factors Risk Factors Tobacco Smoking/epidemiology United States/epidemiology Viral Load Young Adult *hiv *Women's Interagency HIV Study *antiretroviral treatment *marijuana *miscarriage
Wall KM, Haddad LB, Mehta CC, Golub ET, Rahangdale L, Dionne-Odom J, Karim R, Wright RL, Minkoff H, Cohen M, Kassaye SG, Cohan D, Ofotokun I, Cohn SE (2019). Miscarriage among women in the United States Women's Interagency HIV Study, 1994-2017. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 221(4), 347 e1-347 e13. PMC6878114
Journal Article
Pulmonary Function and Cognitive Impairment in Individuals with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: A Pilot, Cross-Sectional Study
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
2019
May
https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2019.199.1_MeetingAbstracts.A6200
10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2019.199.1_MeetingAbstracts.A6200
Y. Hwang, S.M. Nouraie, C.J. Kessinger, J.T. Becker, D.K. McMahon, A.M. Morris (2019). Pulmonary Function and Cognitive Impairment in Individuals with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: A Pilot, Cross-Sectional Study. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, (), .
Journal Article
Lung Function, Coronary Artery Disease, and Mortality in HIV
Ann Am Thorac Soc
2019
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31113229
Rationale: Impaired lung function is a potent independent predictor of coronary artery disease (CAD) in individuals without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection; however, the relationship between lung function and CAD in HIV remains undefined. Objectives: To examine the relationship between lung function, CAD, mortality, and circulating biomarkers in HIV. Methods: Spirometry, diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DlCO), emphysema, coronary artery calcium, mortality, cause of death, and biomarkers were examined in HIV-infected and uninfected individuals enrolled in a cohort study at the University of Pittsburgh. Results were then validated in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) cohort. Results: We examined data on 234 participants in the Pittsburgh cohort. The mean +/- standard deviation age was 49.5 +/- 10.2 years old, 82.1% were male, and 67.5% were ever smokers. Among the 177 of 234 individuals with HIV infection, lower DlCO (not forced expiratory volume in
10.1513/AnnalsATS.201807-460OC
31113229
PMC6543472
Adult CD4 Lymphocyte Count Carbon Monoxide Case-Control Studies Comorbidity Coronary Artery Disease/blood/diagnostic imaging/*epidemiology Coronary Vessels Endothelin-1/blood Female Forced Expiratory Volume HIV Infections/*epidemiology Humans Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/blood Lung/diagnostic imaging/physiopathology Male Middle Aged *Mortality Odds Ratio Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity Pulmonary Emphysema/diagnostic imaging/*epidemiology/physiopathology Smoking/epidemiology Spirometry Tomography, X-Ray Computed United States/epidemiology Vascular Calcification/blood/diagnostic imaging/*epidemiology Viral Load *hiv *coronary artery disease *endothelial dysfunction
Chandra D, Gupta A, Fitzpatrick M, Haberlen SA, Neupane M, Leader JK, Kingsley LA, Kleerup E, Budoff MJ, Witt M, Sciurba FC, Post WS, Morris A (2019). Lung Function, Coronary Artery Disease, and Mortality in HIV. Ann Am Thorac Soc, 16(6), 687-697. PMC6543472
Journal Article
Defining the Link between Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Disease for People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Ann Am Thorac Soc
2019
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31149854
10.1513/AnnalsATS.201903-238ED
31149854
*Cardiovascular Diseases *Coronary Artery Disease Hiv *HIV Infections Humans Respiratory Physiological Phenomena
Raju S, McCormack MC (2019). Defining the Link between Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Disease for People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Ann Am Thorac Soc, 16(6), 672-673.
Journal Article
Associations between county-level voter turnout, county-level felony voter disenfranchisement, and sexually transmitted infections among women in the Southern United States
Ann Epidemiol
2019
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30442564
PURPOSE: Voting may play a critical role in the allocation of social and structural resources to communities, which in turn shapes neighborhood environments, and ultimately, an individual's sexually transmitted infection (STI) risk. We assessed relationships among county-level voter turnout and felony voter disenfranchisement, and STIs. METHODS: This cross-sectional multilevel analysis included 666 women in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, and North Carolina enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study between 2013 and 2015. Having a baseline bacterial STI (chlamydia, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, or early syphilis) was determined by laboratory testing. We used generalized estimating equations to test relationships between county-level voter turnout in the 2012 general election, county-level percentage of felony disenfranchised voters, and STI prevalence. RESULTS: Eleven percent of participants had an STI. Higher voter turnout corresponded to lower STI prevalence (prevalence ratio
10.1016/j.annepidem.2018.10.006
30442564
PMC6344302
Adult *Civil Rights Criminals/*psychology/statistics & numerical data Cross-Sectional Studies Female Gonorrhea/epidemiology Humans Multilevel Analysis *Politics Prisoners/*psychology/statistics & numerical data *Residence Characteristics Sexually Transmitted Diseases/*epidemiology/psychology Socioeconomic Factors Syphilis/epidemiology United States/epidemiology Young Adult *Felony voter disenfranchisement *Political participation *Sexually transmitted infections *Women
Haley DF, Edmonds A, Schoenbach VJ, Ramirez C, Hickson DA, Wingood GM, Bolivar H, Golub E, Adimora AA (2019). Associations between county-level voter turnout, county-level felony voter disenfranchisement, and sexually transmitted infections among women in the Southern United States. Ann Epidemiol, 29(), 67-73 e1. PMC6344302
Journal Article
Associations between QT interval subcomponents, HIV serostatus, and inflammation
Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol
2019
Sep 19
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31538387
BACKGROUND: The total QT interval comprises both ventricular depolarization and repolarization currents. Understanding how HIV serostatus and other risk factors influence specific QT interval subcomponents could improve our mechanistic understanding of arrhythmias. METHODS: Twelve-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) were acquired in 774 HIV-infected (HIV+) and 652 HIV-uninfected (HIV-) men from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Individual QT subcomponent intervals were analyzed: R-onset to R-peak, R-peak to R-end, JT segment, T-onset to T-peak, and T-peak to T-end. Using multivariable linear regressions, we investigated associations between HIV serostatus and covariates, including serum concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), and each QT subcomponent. RESULTS: After adjustment for demographics and risk factors, HIV+ versus HIV- men differed only in repolarization phase durations with longer T-onset to T-peak by 2.3 ms (95% CI 0-4.5, p < .05) and T-peak to T-
10.1111/anec.12705
31538387
PMC7358816
HIV; QT interval; arrhythmias; electrocardiography; inflammation
Wu KC, Bhondoekhan F, Haberlen SA, Ashikaga H, Brown TT, Budoff MJ, D'Souza G, Magnani JW, Kingsley LA, Palella FJ, Margolick JB, Martínez-Maza O, Altekruse SF, Soliman EZ, Post WS (2019). Associations between QT interval subcomponents, HIV serostatus, and inflammation. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol, 25(2), e12705. PMC7358816
Journal Article
New g-formula for the sequential causal effect and blip effect of treatment in sequential causal inference
Annals of Statistics
2019
Feb
https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.aos/1581930129
Wang X, Yin L (2019). New g-formula for the sequential causal effect and blip effect of treatment in sequential causal inference. Annals of Statistics, (), .
Journal Article
Biomarkers of Acute and Chronic Kidney Disease
Annu Rev Physiol
2019
10-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30742783
The current unidimensional paradigm of kidney disease detection is incompatible with the complexity and heterogeneity of renal pathology. The diagnosis of kidney disease has largely focused on glomerular filtration, while assessment of kidney tubular health has notably been absent. Following insult, the kidney tubular cells undergo a cascade of cellular responses that result in the production and accumulation of low-molecular-weight proteins in the urine and systemic circulation. Modern advancements in molecular analysis and proteomics have allowed the identification and quantification of these proteins as biomarkers for assessing and characterizing kidney diseases. In this review, we highlight promising biomarkers of kidney tubular health that have strong underpinnings in the pathophysiology of kidney disease. These biomarkers have been applied to various specific clinical settings from the spectrum of acute to chronic kidney diseases, demonstrating the potential to improve patient ca
10.1146/annurev-physiol-020518-114605
30742783
PMC7879424
Acute Kidney Injury/*metabolism Animals Biomarkers/*metabolism Humans Kidney/metabolism Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/*metabolism *aki *ckd *acute kidney injury *biomarkers *chronic kidney disease *kidney
Zhang WR, Parikh CR (2019). Biomarkers of Acute and Chronic Kidney Disease. Annu Rev Physiol, 81(1), 309-333. PMC7879424
Journal Article
Inhibitors of Signaling Pathways That Block Reversal of HIV-1 Latency
Antimicrob Agents Chemother
2019
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30455231
Signaling pathways play a key role in HIV-1 latency. In this study, we used the 24ST1NLESG cell line of HIV-1 latency to screen a library of structurally diverse, medicinally active, cell permeable kinase inhibitors, which target a wide range of signaling pathways, to identify inhibitors of HIV-1 latency reversal. The screen was carried out in the absence or presence of three mechanistically distinct latency-reversing agents (LRAs), namely, prostratin, panobinostat, and JQ-1. We identified inhibitors that only blocked the activity of a specific LRA, as well as inhibitors that blocked the activity of all LRAs. For example, we identified 12 inhibitors targeted toward protein kinase C or downstream kinases that blocked the activity of prostratin. We also identified 12 kinase inhibitors that blocked the reversal of HIV-1 latency irrespective of the LRA used in the screen. Of these, danusertib, an Aurora kinase inhibitor, and PF-3758309, a PAK4 inhibitor, were the most potent. The 50% inhib
10.1128/AAC.01744-18
30455231
PMC6355603
Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use Benzamides/therapeutic use CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/virology Cell Line HIV Infections/virology HIV-1/*drug effects/*pathogenicity Humans Pyrazoles/therapeutic use Pyrroles/therapeutic use Signal Transduction/drug effects Virus Activation/drug effects *human immunodeficiency virus *kinase inhibitor *latency *signaling pathways
Vargas B, Giacobbi NS, Sanyal A, Venkatachari NJ, Han F, Gupta P, Sluis-Cremer N (2019). Inhibitors of Signaling Pathways That Block Reversal of HIV-1 Latency. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 63(2), . PMC6355603
Journal Article
Frailty as a predictor of falls in HIV-infected and uninfected women
Antivir Ther
2019
Jan 1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30604692
BACKGROUND: Frailty and falls occur commonly and prematurely in HIV-infected populations. Whether frailty in middle-age predicts future falls among HIV-infected women is unknown. METHODS: We evaluated associations of frailty with single and recurrent falls 10 years later among 729 HIV-infected and 326 uninfected women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) with frailty measured in 2005 and self-reported falls in 2014-2016. Frailty was defined as >/=3 of 5 Fried Frailty Index components: slow gait, reduced grip strength, exhaustion, unintentional weight loss and low physical activity. Stepwise logistic regression models determined odds of single (versus 0) or recurrent falls (>/=2 versus 0) during the 2-year period; separate models evaluated frailty components. RESULTS: HIV-infected women were older (median 42 versus 39 years; P<0.0001) and more often frail (14% versus 9%; P=0.04) than uninfected women. Over 2 years, 40% of HIV-infected versus 39% of uninfected women reported a fal
10.3851/IMP3286
30604692
PMC10141570
*Accidental Falls Aged Aged, 80 and over Female Frailty/*virology HIV Infections/*complications Humans Logistic Models Middle Aged Retrospective Studies
Sharma A, Hoover DR, Shi Q, Gustafson DR, Plankey MW, Tien PC, Weber KM, Yin MT (2019). Frailty as a predictor of falls in HIV-infected and uninfected women. Antivir Ther, 24(1), 51-61. PMC10141570
Journal Article
NIHMS1668525
TZA, a Sensitive Reporter Cell-based Assay to Accurately and Rapidly Quantify Inducible, Replication-competent Latent HIV-1 from Resting CD4(+) T Cells
Bio Protoc
2019
20-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31428662
The latent HIV-1 viral reservoir in resting CD4(+) (rCD4(+)) T cells represents a major barrier to an HIV-1 cure. There is an ongoing effort to identify therapeutic approaches that will eliminate or reduce the size of this reservoir. However, clinical investigators lack an assay to determine whether or not a decrease in the latent reservoir has been achieved. Therefore, it is critical to develop assays that can reproducibly quantify the reservoir size and changes therein, in participant's blood during a therapeutic trial. Quantification of the latent HIV viral reservoir requires a highly sensitive, cost-effective assay capable of measuring the low frequency of rCD4(+) T cells carrying functional provirus. Preferably, such an assay should be such that it can be adopted for high throughput and could be adopted under conditions for use in large-scale clinical trials. While PCR-based assays are commonly used to quantify pro-viral DNA or intracellular RNA transcript, they cannot distinguish
10.21769/BioProtoc.3232
31428662
PMC6699756
Inducible virus Latent HIV-1 Latent reservoir Quantification of latent reservoir Replication competent virus TZA assay TZM-bl cells
Sanyal A, Rangachar VS, Gupta P (2019). TZA, a Sensitive Reporter Cell-based Assay to Accurately and Rapidly Quantify Inducible, Replication-competent Latent HIV-1 from Resting CD4(+) T Cells. Bio Protoc, 9(10), . PMC6699756
Journal Article
A smoothing-based goodness-of-fit test of covariance for functional data
Biometrics
2019
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30450612
Functional data methods are often applied to longitudinal data as they provide a more flexible way to capture dependence across repeated observations. However, there is no formal testing procedure to determine if functional methods are actually necessary. We propose a goodness-of-fit test for comparing parametric covariance functions against general nonparametric alternatives for both irregularly observed longitudinal data and densely observed functional data. We consider a smoothing-based test statistic and approximate its null distribution using a bootstrap procedure. We focus on testing a quadratic polynomial covariance induced by a linear mixed effects model and the method can be used to test any smooth parametric covariance function. Performance and versatility of the proposed test is illustrated through a simulation study and three data applications.
10.1111/biom.13005
30450612
PMC6526086
Analysis of Variance Computer Simulation *Data Interpretation, Statistical Humans Longitudinal Studies *Models, Statistical *Functional principal components analysis *functional data analysis *hypothesis testing *linear mixed effects models *longitudinal data analysis
Chen ST, Xiao L, Staicu AM (2019). A smoothing-based goodness-of-fit test of covariance for functional data. Biometrics, 75(2), 562-571. PMC6526086
Journal Article
Structural variation of centromeric endogenous retroviruses in human populations and their impact on cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, Sezary syndrome, and HIV infection
BMC Med Genomics
2019
2-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31046767
BACKGROUND: Human Endogenous Retroviruses type K HML-2 (HK2) are integrated into 117 or more areas of human chromosomal arms while two newly discovered HK2 proviruses, K111 and K222, spread extensively in pericentromeric regions, are the first retroviruses discovered in these areas of our genome. METHODS: We use PCR and sequencing analysis to characterize pericentromeric K111 proviruses in DNA from individuals of diverse ethnicities and patients with different diseases. RESULTS: We found that the 5' LTR-gag region of K111 proviruses is missing in certain individuals, creating pericentromeric instability. K111 deletion (-/- K111) is seen in about 15% of Caucasian, Asian, and Middle Eastern populations; it is missing in 2.36% of African individuals, suggesting that the -/- K111 genotype originated out of Africa. As we identified the -/-K111 genotype in Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) cell lines, we studied whether the -/-K111 genotype is associated with CTCL. We found a significant incr
10.1186/s12920-019-0505-8
31046767
PMC6498702
Animals Cell Line Centromere/*virology Endogenous Retroviruses/*genetics/*physiology *Genetic Variation Genotype HIV Infections/*virology Humans Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/*virology Sezary Syndrome/*virology *aids *ctcl *Centromeres *herv-k *hiv *k111 *Pericentromeric instability
Kaplan MH, Kaminski M, Estes JM, Gitlin SD, Zahn J, Elder JT, Tejasvi T, Gensterblum E, Sawalha AH, McGowan JP, Dosik MH, Direskeneli H, Direskeneli GS, Adebamowo SN, Adebamowo CA, Sajadi M, Contreras-Galindo R (2019). Structural variation of centromeric endogenous retroviruses in human populations and their impact on cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, Sezary syndrome, and HIV infection. BMC Med Genomics, 12(1), 58. PMC6498702
Journal Article
Kidney disease risk factors associate with urine biomarkers concentrations in HIV-positive persons; a cross-sectional study
BMC Nephrol
2019
3-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30606136
BACKGROUND: HIV-positive persons bear an excess burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD); however, conventional methods to assess kidney health are insensitive and non-specific for detecting early kidney injury. Urinary biomarkers can detect early kidney injury, and may help mitigate the risk of overt CKD. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of HIV-positive persons in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and the Women's Interagency HIV Study. We measured levels of 14 biomarkers, capturing multiple dimensions of kidney injury. We then evaluated associations of known CKD risk factors with urine biomarkers using separate multivariable adjusted models for each biomarker. RESULTS: Of the 198 participants, one third were on HAART and virally suppressed. The vast majority (95%) had preserved kidney function as assessed by serum creatinine, with a median eGFR of 103 ml/min/1.73 m(2) (interquartile range (IQR): 88, 116). In our multivariable analyses, the associations of each CKD risk factor with urinary
10.1186/s12882-018-1192-y
30606136
PMC6318986
Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Biomarkers/*urine Comorbidity Creatinine/blood Cross-Sectional Studies Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology Female Glomerular Filtration Rate HIV Infections/complications/drug therapy/*urine Hepatitis C/epidemiology Humans Hypertension/epidemiology Male Middle Aged Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications/epidemiology/*urine Risk Factors Sensitivity and Specificity Viral Load Viremia/complications/drug therapy/urine *HIV infection *Kidney injury *Multicenter AIDS cohort study (MACS) *Urine biomarkers *Women's interagency HIV study (WIHS)
Muiru AN, Shlipak MG, Scherzer R, Zhang WR, Ascher SB, Jotwani V, Grunfeld C, Parikh CR, Ng D, Palella FJ Jr, Ho K, Kassaye S, Sharma A, Cohen M, Wang R, Qi Q, Estrella MM (2019). Kidney disease risk factors associate with urine biomarkers concentrations in HIV-positive persons; a cross-sectional study. BMC Nephrol, 20(1), 4. PMC6318986
Journal Article
Brain structural correlates of trajectories to cognitive impairment in men with and without HIV disease
Brain Imaging Behav
2019
Jan 9
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30623289
There are distinct trajectories to cognitive impairment among participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Here we analyzed the relationship between regional brain volumes and the individual trajectories to impairment in a subsample (n = 302) of the cohort. 302 (167 HIV-infected; mean age = 55.7 yrs.; mean education: 16.2 yrs.) of the men enrolled in the MACS MRI study contributed data to this analysis. We used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to segment the brain images to analyze gray and white matter volume at the voxel-level. A Mixed Membership Trajectory Model had previously identified three distinct profiles, and each study participant had a membership weight for each of these three trajectories. We estimated VBM model parameters for 100 imputations, manually performed the post-hoc contrasts, and pooled the results. We examined the associations between brain volume at the voxel level and the MMTM membership weights for two profiles: one considered "unhealthy" and the ot
10.1007/s11682-018-0026-7
30623289
PMC6616021
Brain structure Dementia Hiv Mixed membership trajectory Multiple imputation
Popov M, Molsberry SA, Lecci F, Junker B, Kingsley LA, Levine A, Martin E, Miller E, Munro CA, Ragin A, Seaberg E, Sacktor N, Becker JT (2019). Brain structural correlates of trajectories to cognitive impairment in men with and without HIV disease. Brain Imaging Behav, 14(3), 821-829. PMC6616021
Journal Article
Comparison of nylon-flocked swab and Dacron swab cytology for anal HSIL detection in transgender women and gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men
Cancer Cytopathol
2019
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30913381
BACKGROUND: An anal histological high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (hHSIL) is an anal cancer precursor. Experts recommend Dacron swab anal cytology as a primary screen for anal hHSILs, especially among human immunodeficiency virus-infected and -uninfected men who have sex with men (MSM). Studies have shown that Dacron cytology inaccurately predicts anal hHSILs and results in unnecessary diagnostic procedures. Nylon-flocked (NF) swabs have been shown to trap pathogens and cells well. Thus, this study compared test characteristics of anal cytology using NF and Dacron swab collection protocols to predict anal hHSILs. METHODS: A single-visit, randomized clinical trial compared NF and Dacron swab anal cytology specimens to predict high-resolution anoscopy and biopsy-diagnosed anal hHSILs. Data for 326 gay men, bisexual men, other MSM, and male-to-female transgender women contributed descriptive and tabular statistics with which unadjusted and fully adjusted logistic regression mode
10.1002/cncy.22114
30913381
PMC7108036
Anus Neoplasms/*pathology/virology Cytodiagnosis/*instrumentation/methods Female Follow-Up Studies HIV Infections/complications/virology HIV-1/isolation & purification Homosexuality, Male/*statistics & numerical data Humans Male Middle Aged Nylons/chemistry Polyethylene Terephthalates/chemistry Prognosis Sexual and Gender Minorities Specimen Handling/*instrumentation/methods Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions/*pathology/virology Transgender Persons/*statistics & numerical data *anal cancer screening *anal cytology *anal high-grade dysplasia *anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) screening *cancer screening
Wiley DJ, Hsu HK, Ganser MA, Brook J, Elashoff DA, Moran MG, Young SA, Joste NE, Mitsuyasu R, Darragh TM, Morris DH, Martínez-Maza OM, Detels R, Rao JY, Bolan RK, Shigeno ET, Rodriguez E (2019). Comparison of nylon-flocked swab and Dacron swab cytology for anal HSIL detection in transgender women and gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men. Cancer Cytopathol, 127(4), 247-257. PMC7108036
Journal Article
Evaluating the Utility and Prevalence of HPV Biomarkers in Oral Rinses and Serology for HPV-related Oropharyngeal Cancer
Cancer Prev Res (Phila)
2019
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31420362
Performance of commercially available human papillomavirus (HPV) assays (approved for cervical HPV detection) is unknown for detecting HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer (HPV-OPC). Assays for detection of HPV DNA [ELISA (DEIA) and Cobas], and RNA (Aptima) in oral rinse samples, and serum HPV oncogene antibodies were evaluated. Sensitivity and specificity of each test was explored among HPV-OPC cases and controls. Biomarker prevalence was evaluated among 294 "at-risk" people (screening) and 133 "high-risk" people [known to previously have oral oncogenic HPV (oncHPV) DNA and/or HPV16 E6/E7 antibodies detected]. HPV16 E6 antibodies had the best overall test performance with sensitivity of 88%, compared with oral HPV16 DNA sensitivity of 51% by DEIA and 43% by Cobas (each P < 0.001). Specificity was comparable in each of these tests (>/=98%). When positivity for any oncHPV type was compared with HPV16 for the same test, sensitivity was comparable (60% vs. 51%, 40% vs. 43%, and 92% vs. 88% fo
10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-19-0185
31420362
PMC7029397
Adult Aged Antibodies, Viral/blood Biomarkers/*analysis Body Fluids/virology Cell Transformation, Viral/physiology Cohort Studies Female Humans Male Middle Aged Oropharyngeal Neoplasms/blood/*diagnosis/epidemiology/etiology Papillomaviridae/*immunology/*isolation & purification Papillomavirus Infections/blood/complications/*diagnosis/epidemiology Predictive Value of Tests Prevalence Risk Factors Saliva/*virology Sensitivity and Specificity Seroepidemiologic Studies *Serologic Tests Therapeutic Irrigation
D'Souza G, Clemens G, Troy T, Castillo RG, Struijk L, Waterboer T, Bender N, Pierorazio PM, Best SR, Strickler H, Wiley DJ, Haddad RI, Posner M, Fakhry C (2019). Evaluating the Utility and Prevalence of HPV Biomarkers in Oral Rinses and Serology for HPV-related Oropharyngeal Cancer. Cancer Prev Res (Phila), 12(10), 689-700. PMC7029397
Journal Article
Loss of CXCR4 on non-classical monocytes in participants of the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) with subclinical atherosclerosis
Cardiovasc Res
2019
1-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30520941
AIMS: To test whether human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and subclinical cardiovascular disease (sCVD) are associated with expression of CXCR4 and other surface markers on classical, intermediate, and non-classical monocytes in women. METHODS AND RESULTS: sCVD was defined as presence of atherosclerotic lesions in the carotid artery in 92 participants of the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). Participants were stratified into four sets (n = 23 each) by HIV and sCVD status (HIV-/sCVD-, HIV-/sCVD+, HIV+/sCVD-, and HIV+/sCVD+) matched by age, race/ethnicity, and smoking status. Three subsets of monocytes were determined from archived peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Flow cytometry was used to count and phenotype surface markers. We tested for differences by HIV and sCVD status accounting for multiple comparisons. We found no differences in monocyte subset size among the four groups. Expression of seven surface markers differed significantly across the three monocyte subsets
10.1093/cvr/cvy292
30520941
PMC6735712
Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Asymptomatic Diseases Biomarkers/analysis Carotid Artery Diseases/diagnosis/*immunology Cross-Sectional Studies Down-Regulation Female HIV Infections/diagnosis/drug therapy/*immunology Humans Middle Aged Monocytes/classification/drug effects/*immunology Phenotype Plaque, Atherosclerotic Receptors, CXCR4/*analysis Sex Factors *Atherosclerosis *cxcr4 *Cardiovascular risk assessment *hiv *Non-classical monocytes *Women
Mueller KAL, Hanna DB, Ehinger E, Xue X, Baas L, Gawaz MP, Geisler T, Anastos K, Cohen MH, Gange SJ, Heath SL, Lazar JM, Liu C, Mack WJ, Ofotokun I, Tien PC, Hodis HN, Landay AL, Kaplan RC, Ley K (2019). Loss of CXCR4 on non-classical monocytes in participants of the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) with subclinical atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Res, 115(6), 1029-1040. PMC6735712
Journal Article
Aging, sex, inflammation, frailty, and CMV and HIV infections
Cell Immunol
2019
Nov 27
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31843200
Aging is characterized by significant immune remodeling at both cellular and molecular levels, also known as immunosenescence. Older adults often manifest a chronic low-grade inflammatory phenotype. These age-related immune system changes have increasingly been recognized not only to lead to immune functional decline and increased vulnerability to infections, but also to play an important role in many chronic conditions such as frailty in older adults. In addition to sex as an important biological factor, chronic viral infections including that by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) are all known to have major impact on the aging immune system. This article provides an overview of our current understanding of aging immunity, sex, inflammation, frailty, and HIV and CMV infections.
10.1016/j.cellimm.2019.104024
31843200
PMC7002257
Aged Cytomegalovirus Infections/*immunology Female Frailty/*immunology HIV Infections/*immunology Humans Immunosenescence/*immunology Inflammation/*immunology Male Sex Characteristics *Aging *clip *cmv *Frailty *hiv *Immunosenescence *Sex
Leng SX, Margolick JB (2019). Aging, sex, inflammation, frailty, and CMV and HIV infections. Cell Immunol, 348(), 104024. PMC7002257
Journal Article
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection and Use of Illicit Substances Promote Secretion of Semen Exosomes that Enhance Monocyte Adhesion and Induce Actin Reorganization and Chemotactic Migration
Cells
2019
3-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31484431
Semen exosomes (SE) from HIV-uninfected (HIV-) individuals potently inhibit HIV infection in vitro. However, morphological changes in target cells in response to SE have not been characterized or have the effect of HIV infection or the use of illicit substances, specifically psychostimulants, on the function of SE been elucidated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of HIV infection, psychostimulant use, and both together on SE-mediated regulation of monocyte function. SE were isolated from semen of HIV- and HIV-infected (HIV+) antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive participants who reported either using or not using psychostimulants. The SE samples were thus designated as HIV-Drug-, HIV-Drug+, HIV+Drug-, and HIV+Drug+. U937 monocytes were treated with different SEs and analyzed for changes in transcriptome, morphometrics, actin reorganization, adhesion, and chemotaxis. HIV infection and/or use of psychostimulants had minimal effects on the physical characteristics of SE
10.3390/cells8091027
31484431
PMC6770851
Actins/metabolism Adult *Cell Adhesion *Chemotaxis Cocaine-Related Disorders/complications/*metabolism Exosomes/*metabolism HIV Infections/complications/*metabolism Humans Male Matrix Metalloproteinases/metabolism Monocytes/*metabolism/physiology Semen/*metabolism Transcriptome U937 Cells *actin reorganization *monocytes *morphometrics *psychostimulants *semen exosomes
Lyu Y, Kaddour H, Kopcho S, Panzner TD, Shouman N, Kim EY, Martinson J, McKay H, Martinez-Maza O, Margolick JB, Stapleton JT, Okeoma CM (2019). Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection and Use of Illicit Substances Promote Secretion of Semen Exosomes that Enhance Monocyte Adhesion and Induce Actin Reorganization and Chemotactic Migration. Cells, 8(9), . PMC6770851
Journal Article
Elevated Plasma Ceramides Are Associated With Antiretroviral Therapy Use and Progression of Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis in HIV Infection
Circulation
2019
23-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30759995
BACKGROUND: Ceramides have been implicated in the pathophysiology of HIV infection and cardiovascular disease. However, no study, to our knowledge, has evaluated circulating ceramide levels in association with subclinical cardiovascular disease risk among HIV-infected individuals. METHODS: Plasma levels of 4 ceramide species (C16:0, C22:0, C24:0, and C24:1) were measured among 398 women (73% HIV+) and 339 men (68% HIV+) without carotid artery plaques at baseline from the Women's Interagency HIV Study and the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. We examined associations between baseline plasma ceramides and risk of carotid artery plaque formation, assessed by repeated B-mode carotid artery ultrasound imaging over a median 7-year follow-up. RESULTS: Plasma levels of C16:0, C22:0, and C24:1 ceramides were significantly higher in HIV-infected individuals compared with those without HIV infection (all P<0.001), and further analysis indicated that elevated ceramide levels were associated with anti
10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.037487
30759995
PMC6478519
Adult Anti-Retroviral Agents/*adverse effects/therapeutic use Carotid Artery Diseases/*blood/chemically induced/diagnostic imaging/etiology Ceramides/*blood Comorbidity Disease Progression Female Follow-Up Studies HIV Infections/blood/complications/*drug therapy HIV Protease Inhibitors/pharmacology/therapeutic use Humans Inflammation/blood Male Middle Aged Monocytes/metabolism Multicenter Studies as Topic Prospective Studies Risk Factors Socioeconomic Factors *HIV infections *association *atherosclerosis *lipids
Zhao W, Wang X, Deik AA, Hanna DB, Wang T, Haberlen SA, Shah SJ, Lazar JM, Hodis HN, Landay AL, Yu B, Gustafson D, Anastos K, Post WS, Clish CB, Kaplan RC, Qi Q (2019). Elevated Plasma Ceramides Are Associated With Antiretroviral Therapy Use and Progression of Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis in HIV Infection. Circulation, 139(17), 2003-2011. PMC6478519
Journal Article
The Effects of Hepatitis C Infection and Treatment on All-cause Mortality Among People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Clin Infect Dis
2019
19-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30321289
BACKGROUND: Persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PLwH) are commonly co-infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). Most co-infected individuals can achieve a sustained HCV virologic response after treatment with direct-acting antivirals (DAA). However, the effect of HCV co-infection and DAA treatment on mortality after initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) is unknown for PLwH. METHODS: We analyzed data from the Women's Interagency HIV Study and the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Participants included those who had prevalent HIV or seroconverted during follow-up; all were antiretroviral-naive and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-free prior to their first visit after 1 October 1994. The follow-up lasted 10 years or until 30 September 2015. We used parametric g-computation to estimate the effects of HCV infection and DAA treatment on mortality had participants initiated ART at study entry. RESULTS: Of the 3056 eligible participants, 58% were female and 18% had HCV.
10.1093/cid/ciy588
30321289
PMC6424073
Adult Antiviral Agents/*therapeutic use Cohort Studies Female Follow-Up Studies HIV Infections/*complications/*drug therapy Hepatitis C, Chronic/*drug therapy Humans Male Middle Aged Mortality/*trends Risk Assessment Treatment Outcome *antiretroviral therapy *direct-acting antivirals *hepatitis C virus *human immunodeficiency virus
Breskin A, Westreich D, Cole SR, Hudgens MG, Hurt CB, Seaberg EC, Thio CL, Tien PC, Adimora AA. (2019). The Effects of Hepatitis C Infection and Treatment on All-cause Mortality Among People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Clin Infect Dis, 68(7), 1152-1159. PMC6424073
Journal Article
The Effects of Hepatitis C Treatment Eligibility Criteria on All-cause Mortality Among People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Clin Infect Dis
2019
15-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30615096
BACKGROUND: The cost of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) for hepatitis C virus (HCV) prompted many payers to restrict treatment to patients who met non-evidence-based criteria. These restrictions have implications for survival of people with HCV, especially for people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/HCV coinfection who are at high risk for liver disease progression. The goal of this work was to estimate the effects of DAA access policies on 10-year all-cause mortality among people with HIV. METHODS: The study population included 3056 adults with HIV in the Women's Interagency HIV Study and Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study from 1 October 1994 through 30 September 2015. We used the parametric g-formula to estimate 10-year all-cause mortality under DAA access policies that included treating (i) all people with HCV; (ii) only people with suppressed HIV; (iii) only people with severe fibrosis; and (iv) only people with HIV suppression and severe fibrosis. RESULTS: The 10-year risk diffe
10.1093/cid/ciz008
30615096
PMC6792128
Adult Antiviral Agents/*therapeutic use Female HIV/drug effects/pathogenicity HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*mortality Hepatitis C, Chronic/*drug therapy Humans Male Middle Aged *antiretroviral therapy *direct-acting antivirals *hepatitis C virus *human immunodeficiency virus *population intervention effects
Breskin A, Westreich D, Hurt CB, Cole SR, Hudgens MG, Seaberg EC, Thio CL, Tien PC, Adimora AA (2019). The Effects of Hepatitis C Treatment Eligibility Criteria on All-cause Mortality Among People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Clin Infect Dis, 69(9), 1613-1620. PMC6792128
Journal Article
One Size Fits (n)One: The Influence of Sex, Age, and Sexual Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Acquisition Risk on Racial/Ethnic Disparities in the HIV Care Continuum in the United States
Clin Infect Dis
2019
15-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30169624
BACKGROUND: The United States National HIV/AIDS Strategy established goals to reduce disparities in retention in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care, antiretroviral therapy (ART) use, and viral suppression. The impact of sex, age, and sexual HIV acquisition risk (ie, heterosexual vs same-sex contact) on the magnitude of HIV-related racial/ethnic disparities is not well understood. METHODS: We estimated age-stratified racial/ethnic differences in the 5-year restricted mean percentage of person-time spent in care, on ART, and virally suppressed among 19 521 women (21.4%), men who have sex with men (MSM; 59.0%), and men who have sex with women (MSW; 19.6%) entering HIV care in the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design between 2004 and 2014. RESULTS: Among women aged 18-29 years, whites spent 12.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1%-20.2%), 9.2% (95% CI, .4%-20.4%), and 13.5% (95% CI, 2.7%-22.5%) less person-time in care, on ART, and virally suppressed, respe
10.1093/cid/ciy556
30169624
PMC6376102
Adolescent Adult Cohort Studies *Continental Population Groups Continuity of Patient Care Ethnic Groups Female HIV Infections/*epidemiology *Homosexuality, Male Humans Male Middle Aged Risk Factors Sexual Behavior United States/epidemiology Viral Load Young Adult *HIV care continuum *key populations *racial/ethnic disparities
Desir FA, Lesko CR, Moore RD, Horberg MA, Wong C, Crane HM, Silverberg M, Thorne JE, Rachlis B, Rabkin C, Mayor AM, Mathews WC, Althoff KN (2019). One Size Fits (n)One: The Influence of Sex, Age, and Sexual Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Acquisition Risk on Racial/Ethnic Disparities in the HIV Care Continuum in the United States. Clin Infect Dis, 68(5), 795-802. PMC6376102
Journal Article
Frailty, Neurocognitive Impairment, or Both in Predicting Poor Health Outcomes Among Adults Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Clin Infect Dis
2019
1-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29788039
Background: Neurocognitive impairment (NCI) is strongly associated with frailty in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH); the overlap of frailty and NCI and the impact on health outcomes in PLWH are unknown. Methods: PLWH in a longitudinal, observational study of aging completed entry evaluations for frailty and NCI. Outcomes of falls (recurrent) increased limitations in independent activities of daily living (IADL), or mortality were combined. Poisson regression models estimated prevalence ratios (PR) for >/=1 outcome over 2 years. Results: Among 987 participants, the median age at entry was 51 years; 19% were female; the median CD4 count was 616 cells/microL; and HIV-1 RNA was <200 copies/mL in 94%. Most (79%) participants had neither frailty nor NCI; 2% had both; 4% frailty only; and 15% NCI only. Over 2 years of observation, 100 (10%) participants experienced recurrent falls; 175 (18%) had worsening IADL limitations; 17 (2%) died; and 254 (26%) experienced >/=1 poo
10.1093/cid/ciy430
29788039
PMC6293002
Adult *Clinical Decision Rules Cognitive Dysfunction/complications/*diagnosis/*pathology Frailty/complications/*diagnosis/*pathology HIV Infections/complications/*diagnosis/*pathology Humans Longitudinal Studies Male Middle Aged Prognosis
Erlandson KM, Perez J, Abdo M, Robertson K, Ellis RJ, Koletar SL, Kalayjian R, Taiwo B, Palella FJ Jr, Tassiopoulos K (2019). Frailty, Neurocognitive Impairment, or Both in Predicting Poor Health Outcomes Among Adults Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Clin Infect Dis, 68(1), 131-138. PMC6293002
Journal Article
Frailty Is an Independent Risk Factor for Mortality, Cardiovascular Disease, Bone Disease, and Diabetes Among Aging Adults With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Clin Infect Dis
2019
27-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30590451
BACKGROUND: We characterized associations between frailty and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes mellitus (DM), bone disease, and mortality within a cohort of aging persons with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH). METHODS: Participants underwent frailty evaluations using the Fried frailty assessment (baseline and annually). Frailty was defined as having >/=3 frailty criteria. Clinical outcomes of mortality, CVD events, DM, and bone disease events were recorded throughout the study period (baseline to most recent study or clinic visit, or date of clinical outcome, whichever came first). Poisson regression models were used to evaluate associations between baseline frailty, change in frailty score over 48 weeks, and each clinical outcome. RESULTS: Among 821 men and 195 women (median age 51 years), 62 (6%) were frail at baseline. Frailty scores increased by >/=1 component among 194 participants (19%) from baseline to 48 weeks. Baseline frailty was associated with an increased
10.1093/cid/ciy1101
30590451
PMC6938206
Adult Age Factors Aging Bone Diseases/complications/*epidemiology Cardiovascular Diseases/complications/*epidemiology Chronic Disease Cohort Studies Demography Diabetes Complications/epidemiology Diabetes Mellitus/*epidemiology Female *Frailty HIV Infections/*complications/virology Humans Male Middle Aged Mortality Risk Assessment Risk Factors *chronic diseases *human immunodeficiency virus *mortality
Kelly SG, Wu K, Tassiopoulos K, Erlandson KM, Koletar SL, Palella FJ (2019). Frailty Is an Independent Risk Factor for Mortality, Cardiovascular Disease, Bone Disease, and Diabetes Among Aging Adults With Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Clin Infect Dis, 69(8), 1370-1376. PMC6938206
Journal Article
Association of Pharmacogenetic Markers With Atazanavir Exposure in HIV-Infected Women
Clin Pharmacol Ther
2019
Sep 28
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31562781
SORCS2 rs73208473 was recently associated with decreased atazanavir (ATV) concentration in the hair of women with seropositive HIV. Herein, we report on a pharmacogenetic study of women with seropositive HIV demonstrating a similar association between rs73208473 and dose-adjusted plasma ATV concentration in African Americans.
10.1002/cpt.1605
31562781
PMC10810687
Tamraz B, Huang Y, French AL, Kassaye S, Anastos K, Nowicki MJ, Gange S, Gustafson DR, Bacchetti P, Greenblatt RM, Hysi PG, Aouizerat BE (2019). Association of Pharmacogenetic Markers With Atazanavir Exposure in HIV-Infected Women. Clin Pharmacol Ther, 107(2), 315-318. PMC10810687
Journal Article
HIV, Depression, and Cognitive Impairment in the Era of Effective Antiretroviral Therapy
Curr HIV/AIDS Rep
2019
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30661180
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Mental health disorders, especially depression, are prevalent among people living with HIV (PLWH) and are associated with cognitive impairment (CI) among HIV-uninfected (HIV-) individuals. We conducted a comprehensive review of the link between depression and cognition among PLWH. RECENT FINDINGS: Studies examining depression and cognition in PLWH report high rates of current (median = 24%) and lifetime depression (42%). There is reliable evidence that depression is associated with overall CI among PLWH, and in the cognitive domains of processing speed, executive function, learning and memory, and motor function. Although few studies have examined the interaction between HIV serostatus and depression on CI, there is no evidence of a stronger association between CI and depression in PLWH compared with HIV- controls. Depression is prevalent and reliably associated with CI in PLWH, with an overall pattern of domain-specific associations similar to that of HIV- individua
10.1007/s11904-019-00421-0
30661180
PMC6420829
Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use Cognitive Dysfunction/*epidemiology/psychology Depression/*epidemiology/*psychology Female HIV Infections/drug therapy/*psychology Humans Male Prevalence *Cognitive impairment *Depression *Depressive symptoms *hand *hiv
Rubin LH, Maki PM (2019). HIV, Depression, and Cognitive Impairment in the Era of Effective Antiretroviral Therapy. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep, 16(1), 82-95. PMC6420829
Journal Article
Sex Differences in Neurocognitive Function in Adults with HIV: Patterns, Predictors, and Mechanisms
Curr Psychiatry Rep
2019
14-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31522330
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Sex differences in cognitive function are well documented yet few studies had adequate numbers of women and men living with HIV (WLWH; MLWH) to identify sex differences in neurocognitive impairment (NCI) and the factors contributing to NCI. Here, we review evidence that WLWH may be at greater risk for NCI. RECENT FINDINGS: We conducted a systematic review of recent studies of NCI in WLWH versus MLWH. A power analysis showed that few HIV studies have sufficient power to address male/female differences in NCI but studies with adequate power find evidence of greater NCI in WLWH, particularly in the domains of memory, speed of information processing, and motor function. Sex is an important determinant of NCI in HIV, and may relate to male/female differences in cognitive reserve, comorbidities (mental health and substance use disorders), and biological factors (e.g., inflammation, hormonal, genetic).
10.1007/s11920-019-1089-x
31522330
PMC7673651
Adult *Cognition HIV Infections/*psychology Humans Memory Mental Health *Sex Characteristics *hiv *Neurocognition *Sex differences
Rubin LH, Neigh GN, Sundermann EE, Xu Y, Scully EP, Maki PM (2019). Sex Differences in Neurocognitive Function in Adults with HIV: Patterns, Predictors, and Mechanisms. Curr Psychiatry Rep, 21(10), 94. PMC7673651
Journal Article
Neurocognitive Complications of HIV Infection in Women: Insights from the WIHS Cohort
Curr Top Behav Neurosci
2019
9-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31396894
Although sex differences in brain function and brain disorders are well documented, very few studies have had adequate number of women to address sex-related factors contributing to HIV-associated brain dysfunction. Compared to men living with HIV (MLWH), women living with HIV (WLWH) may be at greater risk for cognitive dysfunction and decline due to biological factors (e.g., hormonal, immunologic) and issues common in underserved communities including poverty, low literacy levels, mental health and substance abuse, barriers to health-care services, and environmental exposures. To address this issue, we review relevant cross-sectional and longitudinal findings from the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), the largest study of the natural and treated history of WLWH, as well as other studies focusing on cognitive complications of HIV in women. We provide evidence that WLWH are more cognitively vulnerable than MLWH and that there are differences in the pattern of cognitive impairment. W
10.1007/7854_2019_101
31396894
Cognition Hiv Neurocognitive function Women neuroHIV
Rubin LH, Maki PM (2019). Neurocognitive Complications of HIV Infection in Women: Insights from the WIHS Cohort. Curr Top Behav Neurosci, (), .
Journal Article
Positive Psychological Constructs and Physiological Outcomes in the Women’s Interagency HIV Study
Dissertation Northwestern University
2019
https://search.proquest.com/openview/fa3236ccbb373f9ccda48ba1b740353a/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y
Thesis
Association of Serum PCSK9 with Carotid Artery Thickness and Carotid Lesions in Women with HIV and Hepatitis C Virus
Dissertation State University of New York at Albany
2019
https://search.proquest.com/docview/2287470604?accountid=11752
Thesis
Type 1-programmed dendritic cells drive antigen-specific latency reversal and immune elimination of persistent HIV-1
EBioMedicine
2019
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30952614
BACKGROUND: Despite the success of antiretroviral therapy (ART), latent HIV-1 continues to persist in a long-lived population of resting memory CD4(+) T cells within those who are infected. Finding a safe and effective means to induce latency reversal (LR) during ART to specifically expose this latent HIV-1 cellular reservoir for immune elimination has been a major barrier to a functional cure. METHODS: In this study, we test the use of antigen-presenting type 1-polarized, monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDC1) generated from chronic HIV-1-infected individuals on ART as a means to induce HIV-1 latency reversal in autologous CD4(+) T cells harboring replication-competent provirus. We use the same MDC1 for ex-vivo generation of autologous HIV-1 antigen-specific CD8(+) cytotoxic T cells (CTL) and test their effector responses against the MDC1-exposed HIV-1- infected CD4(+) T cell targets. FINDINGS: MDC1 presentation of either HIV-1 or cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigens to CD4(+) T cells faci
10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.03.077
30952614
PMC6557749
Antigens, Viral Biomarkers CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/metabolism/virology CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/metabolism Dendritic Cells/*immunology/metabolism Epitopes/*immunology HIV Infections/drug therapy/*immunology/metabolism/*virology HIV-1/*physiology Host-Pathogen Interactions/*immunology Humans Interferon-gamma/metabolism RNA, Viral T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology Virus Latency/*immunology Virus Replication CD40 ligand Cytomegalovirus Dendritic cells HIV-1 latency reversal Immunotherapy T cells
Kristoff J, Palma ML, Garcia-Bates TM, Shen C, Sluis-Cremer N, Gupta P, Rinaldo CR, Mailliard RB (2019). Type 1-programmed dendritic cells drive antigen-specific latency reversal and immune elimination of persistent HIV-1. EBioMedicine, 43(), 295-306. PMC6557749
Journal Article
Effect of marijuana smoking on pulmonary disease in HIV-infected and uninfected men: a longitudinal cohort study
EClinicalMedicine
2019
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30854514
Background: Lung disease is a common comorbidity in people with HIV/AIDS, independent of smoking status. The effects of marijuana smoking on risk of lung disease in HIV-infected individuals are unclear. Methods: In this prospective cohort study, we quantified lung disease risk among men enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), a long-term observational cohort of HIV-infected and uninfected men who have sex with men. Eligible participants were aged >/=30 years with self-reported marijuana and tobacco smoking data from biannual study visits between 1996 and 2014. Pulmonary diagnoses were obtained from self-report and medical records. Analyses were performed using Cox models and Generalized Estimating Equations adjusted for tobacco smoking, CD4 T cell count, and other risk factors. Findings: 1,630 incident pulmonary diagnoses were reported among 1,352 HIV-seropositive and 1,352 HIV-seronegative eligible participants matched for race and baseline age (53,794 total person-visit
10.1016/j.eclinm.2019.01.003
30854514
PMC6402353
Lorenz DR, Uno H, Wolinsky SM, Gabuzda D (2019). Effect of marijuana smoking on pulmonary disease in HIV-infected and uninfected men: a longitudinal cohort study. EClinicalMedicine, 7(), 55-64. PMC6402353
Journal Article
Sexual role and HIV-1 set point viral load among men who have sex with men
Epidemics
2019
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30193771
BACKGROUND: HIV-1 set point viral load (SPVL) is a highly variable trait that influences disease progression and transmission risk. Men who are exclusively insertive (EI) during anal intercourse require more sexual contacts to become infected than exclusively receptive (ER) men. Thus, we hypothesize that EIs are more likely to acquire their viruses from highly infectious partners (i.e., with high SPVLs) and to have higher SPVLs than infected ERs. METHODS: We used a one-generation Bernoulli model, a dynamic network model, and data from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) to examine whether and under what circumstances MSM differ in SPVL by sexual role. RESULTS: Both models predicted higher SPVLs in EIs than role versatile (RV) or ER men, but only in scenarios where longer-term relationships predominated. ER and RV men displayed similar SPVLs. EI men remained far less likely than ER men to become infected, however. When the MACS data were limited by some estimates of lower sex partn
10.1016/j.epidem.2018.08.006
30193771
PMC6538391
Adult Biomarkers/blood Cohort Studies HIV Infections/*blood/*epidemiology/transmission HIV-1/*metabolism Homosexuality, Male/*statistics & numerical data Humans Male Middle Aged Sexual Behavior/*statistics & numerical data Sexual Partners Viral Load/*statistics & numerical data *hiv-1 *MACS study *Mathematical modeling *Men who have sex with men (MSM) *Network modeling *Set point viral load *Sexual role
Stansfield SE, Mittler JE, Gottlieb GS, Murphy JT, Hamilton DT, Detels R, Wolinsky SM, Jacobson LP, Margolick JB, Rinaldo CR, Herbeck JT, Goodreau SM (2019). Sexual role and HIV-1 set point viral load among men who have sex with men. Epidemics, 26(), 68-76. PMC6538391
Journal Article
Associations between subcutaneous fat density and systemic inflammation differ by HIV serostatus and are independent of fat quantity
Eur J Endocrinol
2019
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31430720
Objectives: Adipose tissue (AT) density measurement may provide information about AT quality among people living with HIV. We assessed AT density and evaluated relationships between AT density and immunometabolic biomarker concentrations in men with HIV. Design: Cross-sectional analysis of men enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Methods: Abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) density (Hounsfield units, HU; less negative = more dense) were quantified from computed tomography (CT) scans. Multivariate linear regression models described relationships between abdominal AT density and circulating biomarker concentrations. Results: HIV+ men had denser SAT (-95 vs -98 HU HIV-, P < 0.001), whereas VAT density was equivalent by HIV serostatus men (382 HIV-, 462 HIV+). Historical thymidine analog nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (tNRTI) use was associated with denser SAT but not VAT. In adjusted models, a 1 s.d. greater SAT or VAT densit
10.1530/EJE-19-0296
31430720
PMC6992471
Adiposity/*physiology Biomarkers/blood Cohort Studies Cross-Sectional Studies HIV Infections/blood/diagnosis HIV Seropositivity/*blood/*diagnosis/immunology HIV-1/immunology/*metabolism Humans Inflammation/blood/diagnosis/virology Male Middle Aged Subcutaneous Fat/*metabolism
Lake JE, Debroy P, Ng D, Erlandson KM, Kingsley LA, Palella FJ, Budoff MJ, Post WS, Brown TT (2019). Associations between subcutaneous fat density and systemic inflammation differ by HIV serostatus and are independent of fat quantity. Eur J Endocrinol, 181(4), 451-459. PMC6992471
Journal Article
Multi-Ancestry Genome-Wide Association Study of Spontaneous Clearance of Hepatitis C Virus
Gastroenterology
2019
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30593799
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) occurs in approximately 30% of infected persons and less often in populations of African ancestry. Variants in major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and in interferon lambda genes are associated with spontaneous HCV clearance, but there have been few studies of these variants in persons of African ancestry. We performed a dense multi-ancestry genome-wide association study of spontaneous clearance of HCV, focusing on individuals of African ancestry. METHODS: We performed genotype analyses of 4423 people from 3 ancestry groups: 2201 persons of African ancestry (445 with HCV clearance and 1756 with HCV persistence), 1739 persons of European ancestry (701 with HCV clearance and 1036 with HCV persistence), and 486 multi-ancestry Hispanic persons (173 with HCV clearance and 313 with HCV persistence). Samples were genotyped using Illumina (San Diego, CA) arrays and statistically imputed to the 1000 Genomes Project. For each
10.1053/j.gastro.2018.12.014
30593799
PMC6788806
African Continental Ancestry Group/*genetics European Continental Ancestry Group/*genetics Female Genome-Wide Association Study Hepacivirus/*physiology Hepatitis C/diagnosis/ethnology/*genetics/virology Hispanic Americans/*genetics Host-Pathogen Interactions Humans Interferons Interleukins/genetics Major Histocompatibility Complex/genetics Male Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics Remission, Spontaneous United States/epidemiology Viral Load *Cytokine *gwas *Risk *snp
Vergara C, Thio CL, Johnson E, Kral AH, O'Brien TR, Goedert JJ, Mangia A, Piazzolla V, Mehta SH, Kirk GD, Kim AY, Lauer GM, Chung RT, Cox AL, Peters MG, Khakoo SI, Alric L, Cramp ME, Donfield SM, Edlin BR, Busch MP, Alexander G, Rosen HR, Murphy EL, Latanich R, Wojcik GL, Taub MA, Valencia A, Thomas DL, Duggal P (2019). Multi-Ancestry Genome-Wide Association Study of Spontaneous Clearance of Hepatitis C Virus. Gastroenterology, 156(5), 1496-1507 e7. PMC6788806
Journal Article
Predictors of electrocardiographic QT interval prolongation in men with HIV
Heart
2019
Apr
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30366934/
Objective: HIV-infected (HIV+) individuals may be at increased risk for sudden arrhythmic cardiac death. Some studies have reported an association between HIV infection and prolongation of the electrocardiographic QT interval, a measure of ventricular repolarisation, which could potentiate ventricular arrhythmias. We aimed to assess whether HIV+ men have longer QT intervals than HIV-uninfected (HIV-) men and to determine factors associated with QT duration. Methods: We performed resting 12-lead ECGs in 774 HIV+ and 652 HIV- men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). We used multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses to assess associations between HIV serostatus and Framingham corrected QT interval (QTc), after accounting for potential confounders. We also determined associations among QTc interval and HIV-related factors in HIV+ men. In a subgroup of participants, levels of serum markers of inflammation were also assessed. Results: After adjusting for demographics an
10.1136/heartjnl-2018-313667
30366934
PMC7366367
cardiac risk factors and prevention; electrocardiography; inflammatory markers
Wu KC, Zhang L, Haberlen SA, Ashikaga H, Brown TT, Budoff MJ, D'Souza G, Kingsley LA, Palella FJ, Margolick JB, Martínez-Maza O, Soliman EZ, Post WS (2019). Predictors of electrocardiographic QT interval prolongation in men with HIV. Heart, 105(7), 559-565. PMC7366367
Journal Article
Subclinical cardiovascular disease in HIV controller and long-term nonprogressor populations
HIV Med
2019
Nov 14
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31729142
OBJECTIVES: Elite controllers (ECs), viraemic controllers (VCs), and long-term nonprogressors (LTNPs) control HIV viral replication or maintain CD4 T-cell counts without antiretroviral therapy, but may have increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk compared to HIV-uninfected persons. We evaluated subclinical carotid and coronary atherosclerosis and inflammatory biomarker levels among HIV controllers, LTNPs and noncontrollers and HIV-uninfected individuals in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) and the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). METHODS: We measured carotid plaque presence and common carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) in 1729 women and 1308 men, and the presence of coronary artery calcium and plaque in a subgroup of men. Associations between HIV control category and carotid and coronary plaque prevalences were assessed by multivariable regression analyses adjusting for demographics and CVD risk factors. Serum inflammatory biomarker concentrations [soluble CD16
10.1111/hiv.12820
31729142
PMC7069771
Aids Hiv carotid atherosclerosis coronary atherosclerosis subclinical cardiovascular disease
Brusca RM, Hanna DB, Wada NI, Blankson JN, Witt MD, Jacobson LP, Kingsley L, Palella FJ Jr, Budoff M, Brown TT, Anastos K, Lazar JM, Mack WJ, Bacchetti P, Tien PC, Golzar Y, Plankey M, Golub E, Kaplan RC, Post WS (2019). Subclinical cardiovascular disease in HIV controller and long-term nonprogressor populations. HIV Med, 21(4), 217-227. PMC7069771
Journal Article
The association of memory disorders and chronic HIV disease in the antiretroviral therapy era: a systematic literature review
HIV Med
2019
Oct 11
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31603624
OBJECTIVES: Despite recent pharmacological progress, memory impairment is still frequently reported in people living with HIV. We aimed to conduct a systematic literature review investigating the presence of impairment of (sub)components of memory function in patients prescribed highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART). METHODS: We adopted a cognitive neuropsychological model of memory function as the theoretical framework, distinguishing between a short-term working memory component and a long-term component of memory, along with their specific (sub)components. We systematically searched for the presence of impairment of each (sub)component in the selected papers. Careful consideration was given to study design and methods and control of covariates. RESULTS: Only the central executive component of working memory has been consistently reported to be impaired in HIV infection. The other two (sub)components, namely the phonological loop and the visuospatial sketchpad, were unimpaired.
10.1111/hiv.12793
31603624
* aids * antiretroviral therapy *CD4 count *HIV infection *ageing *episodic memory *implicit memory *memory *working memory
Ripamonti E, Clerici M (2019). The association of memory disorders and chronic HIV disease in the antiretroviral therapy era: a systematic literature review. HIV Med, 21(1), 20-Sep.
Journal Article
Transcriptomic analysis of monocytes from HIV-positive men on antiretroviral therapy reveals effects of tobacco smoking on interferon and stress response systems associated with depressive symptoms
Hum Genomics
2019
28-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31779701
BACKGROUND: Tobacco smoking induces immunomodulatory and pro-inflammatory effects associated with transcriptome changes in monocytes and other immune cell types. While smoking is prevalent in HIV-infected (HIV+) individuals, few studies have investigated its effects on gene expression in this population. Here, we report whole-transcriptome analyses of 125 peripheral blood monocyte samples from ART-treated HIV+ and uninfected (HIV-) men enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) (n = 25 HIV+ smokers, n = 60 HIV+ non-smokers, n = 40 HIV- non-smoking controls). Gene expression profiling was performed using Illumina HumanHT-12 Expression BeadChip microarrays. Differential expression analysis was performed with weighted linear regression models using the R limma package, followed by functional enrichment and Ingenuity Pathway analyses. RESULTS: A total of 286 genes were differentially expressed in monocytes from HIV+ smokers compared with HIV- non-smokers; upregulated genes (n = 1
10.1186/s40246-019-0247-x
31779701
PMC6883692
Adult Aged *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Depression/blood/*psychology *Gene Expression Profiling Gene Expression Regulation Gene Ontology Gene Regulatory Networks HIV Infections/blood/*drug therapy/*genetics/psychology HIV Seropositivity/drug therapy/genetics/psychology Humans Interferons/*genetics/metabolism Male Middle Aged Signal Transduction/genetics Smoking/genetics/*psychology Stress, Psychological/*genetics *Depression *hiv *Immune response *Interferon response *Mitochondria *Monocytes *Smoking *Stress response *Tobacco *Transcriptomics
Lorenz DR, Misra V, Gabuzda D (2019). Transcriptomic analysis of monocytes from HIV-positive men on antiretroviral therapy reveals effects of tobacco smoking on interferon and stress response systems associated with depressive symptoms. Hum Genomics, 13(1), 59. PMC6883692
Journal Article
Resurgence of Syphilis in the United States: An Assessment of Contributing Factors
Infect Dis (Auckl)
2019
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31666795
In the last decade, there has been a marked resurgence of syphilis in the United States despite the availability of effective treatments and previously reliable prevention strategies. The majority of cases are among the population of men who have sex with men (MSM); however, there has also been a recent increase among premenopausal women, coinciding with a concerning rise of congenital cases. The resurgence of syphilis can be largely attributed to changing social and behavioral factors, especially among young MSM. The biological association of syphilis with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission and acquisition is particularly alarming because of the increased individual and healthcare burden. In addition, some individual actions and public health efforts that are meant to reduce the risk of acquiring HIV may actually lead to risk compensation that facilitates the transmission of syphilis. Untreated syphilis is associated with detrimental health outcomes; therefore, both effec
10.1177/1178633719883282
31666795
PMC6798162
HIV coinfection HIV risk compensation Illicit drug abuse men who have sex with men sexual behavior sexually transmitted infection syphilis incidence conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
Schmidt R, Carson PJ, Jansen RJ (2019). Resurgence of Syphilis in the United States: An Assessment of Contributing Factors. Infect Dis (Auckl), 12(), 1.17863E+15. PMC6798162
Journal Article
Energy Expenditure and Physical Activity among Older Participants from the Multicenter Aids Cohort Study (Macs)
Innovation in Aging
2019
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6841533/
10.1093/geroni/igz038.2023
PMC6841533
Schrack JA, Brown TT, Margolick JB (2019). Energy Expenditure and Physical Activity among Older Participants from the Multicenter Aids Cohort Study (Macs). Innovation in Aging, 3(Supplement_1), S549-S549. PMC6841533
Journal Article
Epidemiological evidence that common HPV types may be common because of their ability to evade immune surveillance: Results from the Women's Interagency HIV study
Int J Cancer
2019
Oct 2
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31577842
Infection by human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16, the most oncogenic HPV type, was found to be the least affected by HIV-status and CD4 count of any of the approximately 13 oncogenic HPV types. This relative independence from host immune status has been interpreted as evidence that HPV16 may have an innate ability to avoid the effects of immunosurveillance. However, the impact of immune status on other individual HPV types has not been carefully assessed. We studied type-specific HPV infection in a cohort of 2,470 HIV-positive (HIV[+]) and 895 HIV-negative (HIV[-]) women. Semi-annually collected cervicovaginal lavages were tested for >40 HPV types. HPV type-specific prevalence ratios (PRs), incidence and clearance hazard ratios (HRs), were calculated by contrasting HPV types detected in HIV[+] women with CD4 < 200 to HIV[-] women. HPV71 and HPV16 prevalence had the weakest associations with HIV-status/CD4 count of any HPV, according to PRs. No correlations between PRs and HPV phylogeny
10.1002/ijc.32693
31577842
PMC7373334
Castle PE, Burk RD, Massad LS, Eltoum IE, Hall CB, Hessol NA, Anastos K, Xie X, Minkoff H, Xue X, D'Souza G, Flowers L, Colie C, Rahangdale L, Fischl MA, Palefsky JM, Strickler HD (2019). Epidemiological evidence that common HPV types may be common because of their ability to evade immune surveillance: Results from the Women's Interagency HIV study. Int J Cancer, 146(12), 3320-3328. PMC7373334
Journal Article
Repeated Measures Regression in Laboratory, Clinical and Environmental Research: Common Misconceptions in the Matter of Different Within- and between-Subject Slopes
Int J Environ Res Public Health
2019
11-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30754731
When using repeated measures linear regression models to make causal inference in laboratory, clinical and environmental research, it is typically assumed that the within-subject association of differences (or changes) in predictor variable values across replicates is the same as the between-subject association of differences in those predictor variable values. However, this is often false. For example, with body weight as the predictor variable and blood cholesterol (which increases with higher body fat) as the outcome: (i) a 10-lb weight increase in the same adult affects more greatly an increase in cholesterol in that adult than does (ii) one adult weighing 10 lbs more than a second indicate higher cholesterol in the heavier adult. A 10-lb weight gain in the first adult more likely reflects a build-up of body fat in that person, while a second person being 10 lbs heavier than the first could be influenced by other factors, such as the second person being taller. Hence, to make causa
10.3390/ijerph16030504
30754731
PMC6388388
Adult Bias Clinical Laboratory Services Cross-Sectional Studies *Data Interpretation, Statistical Humans Linear Models Research *cross-sectional regression *generalized estimating equations *mixed models *repeated measures *within-/between-subject associations *working correlation structure the design of the study in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data in the writing of the manuscript, and in the decision to publish the results.
Hoover DR, Shi Q, Burstyn I, Anastos K (2019). Repeated Measures Regression in Laboratory, Clinical and Environmental Research: Common Misconceptions in the Matter of Different Within- and between-Subject Slopes. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 16(3), . PMC6388388
Journal Article
Increasing Levels of Serum Heat Shock Protein 70 Precede the Development of AIDS-Defining Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Among Carriers of HLA-B8-DR3
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2019
1-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31026237
BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that carriage of presumably high Hsp70-producing gene variants on a specific human major histocompatibility complex haplotype, the 8.1 ancestral haplotype (8.1AH), may predispose HIV-infected individuals to AIDS-non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). SETTING: We compared serum Hsp70 levels in the years preceding the diagnosis of AIDS-NHL in a matched case-control study (n = 151 pairs) nested in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. METHODS: We tested the impact of 8.1AH-specific single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and joint SNP-human leukocyte antigen extended haplotypes previously associated with AIDS-NHL in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study on the circulating Hsp70 levels in mixed linear models. RESULTS: We report elevated serum levels of Hsp70 in the 4 years preceding the diagnosis of AIDS-NHL in cases that carry 8.1AH, but not in noncarrier cases and not in carrier- or non-carrier-matched controls. The strongest predictor of higher serum Hsp70 was the haplotype A-G-A
10.1097/QAI.0000000000002027
31026237
PMC6587227
Case-Control Studies Genetic Predisposition to Disease HIV Infections HLA-B8 Antigen/*genetics HLA-DR3 Antigen/*genetics HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/*blood/genetics Haplotypes Homosexuality, Male Humans Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/*diagnosis/genetics Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/*diagnosis/genetics Male Multigene Family Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Aissani B, Martinez-Maza O, Kaslow RA, Wiener HW, Bream JH, Stosor V, Martinson JJ, Jacobson LP, Shrestha S (2019). Increasing Levels of Serum Heat Shock Protein 70 Precede the Development of AIDS-Defining Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Among Carriers of HLA-B8-DR3. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 81(3), 266-273. PMC6587227
Journal Article
Association of Statin Use with Kidney Damage and Function Among HIV-infected Men
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2019
Oct
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31356467/
Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) occurs commonly among HIV-infected persons. Statins may delay CKD onset and progression through their cholesterol-lowering and pleiotropic effects. Methods: Among 850 HIV-infected men from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study with stored urine samples (2009-2011), we evaluated cross-sectional associations of statin use with urine biomarkers of kidney damage [albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR), alpha-1-microglobulin, interleukin-18, kidney injury molecule-1, and procollagen type III N-terminal propeptide] using multivariable linear regression. We evaluated the longitudinal associations of statin use with annual change in estimated glomerular filtration rate by creatinine (eGFR) using linear mixed models, and with incident proteinuria and incident CKD (eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m) using Cox proportional hazards regression. We used inverse probability weighting to address potential confounding related to statin use. Results: Statin users comprised 30% of
10.1097/QAI.0000000000002122
31356467
PMC6742526
Ascher SB, Scherzer R, Nishtala A, Jotwani V, Grunfeld C, Parikh CR, Ng D, Wang R, Palella FJ, Shlipak MG, Estrella MM (2019). Association of Statin Use with Kidney Damage and Function Among HIV-infected Men. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, (), . PMC6742526
Journal Article
Risk Factors for Falls, Falls With Injury, and Falls With Fracture Among Older Men With or at Risk of HIV Infection
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2019
1-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31242143
BACKGROUND: Falls and fall risk factors are common among people living with HIV (PLWH). We sought to identify fall risk factors among men with and without HIV. METHODS: Men aged 50-75 years with (n = 279) and without HIV (n = 379) from the Bone Strength Substudy of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study were included. Multinomial logistic regression models identified risk factors associated with falling. RESULTS: One hundred fourteen (41%) PLWH and 149 (39%) of uninfected men had >/=1 fall; 54 (20%) PLWH and 66 (17%) of uninfected men experienced >/=2 falls over 2 years. Five and 3% of PLWH and uninfected men, respectively, had a fall-related fracture (P = 0.34). In multivariate models, the odds of >/=2 falls were greater among men reporting illicit drug use, taking diabetes or depression medications, and with peripheral neuropathy; obesity was associated with a lower risk (all P < 0.05). In models restricted to PLWH, detectable plasma HIV-1 RNA, current use of efavirenz or diabetes medicat
10.1097/QAI.0000000000002074
31242143
PMC6697423
*Accidental Falls Aged Benzoxazines/therapeutic use Cohort Studies Exercise Female Fractures, Bone/*epidemiology HIV Infections/*complications/epidemiology Humans Logistic Models Male Middle Aged *Risk Factors Substance-Related Disorders/complications
Erlandson KM, Zhang L, Ng DK, Althoff KN, Palella FJ Jr, Kingsley LA, Jacobson LP, Margolick JB, Lake JE, Brown TT (2019). Risk Factors for Falls, Falls With Injury, and Falls With Fracture Among Older Men With or at Risk of HIV Infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 81(4), e117-e126. PMC6697423
Journal Article
Serological Assessment of 18 Pathogens and Risk of AIDS-Associated Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2019
1-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30531297
BACKGROUND: HIV infection is associated with increased susceptibility to common pathogens, which may trigger chronic antigenic stimulation and hyperactivation of B cells, events known to precede the development of AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin lymphoma (AIDS-NHL). METHODS: To explore whether cumulative exposure to infectious agents contributes to AIDS-NHL risk, we tested sera from 199 AIDS-NHL patients (pre-NHL, average lead time 3.9 years) and 199 matched HIV-infected controls from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, for anti-IgG responses to 18 pathogens using multiplex serology. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using conditional logistic regression models. RESULTS: We found no association between cumulative exposure to infectious agents and AIDS-NHL risk (OR 1.01, 95% CI: 0.91 to 1.12). However, seropositivity for trichodysplasia spinulosa polyomavirus (TSPyV), defined as presence of antibodies to TSPyV capsid protein VP1, was significantly associated
10.1097/QAI.0000000000001916
30531297
PMC6375787
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/*complications Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*complications Communicable Diseases/*complications Humans Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/*etiology Risk Factors
Halec G, Waterboer T, Brenner N, Butt J, Hardy WD, DʼSouza G, Wolinsky S, Macatangay BJ, Pawlita M, Detels R, Martínez-Maza O, Hussain SK (2019). Serological Assessment of 18 Pathogens and Risk of AIDS-Associated Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 80(3), e53-e63. PMC6375787
Journal Article
Elevated Microparticle Tissue Factor Activity Is Associated With Carotid Artery Plaque in HIV-Infected Women
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2019
1-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30789451
BACKGROUND: Expression of tissue factor (TF) on the surface of activated monocytes may trigger thrombosis, leading to clotting risk, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. TF-positive microparticles (MP-TF) represent a functionally active form of TF that may be promulgated by long-term HIV infection. We hypothesized that greater MP-TF activity is associated with carotid artery plaque in HIV+ women. SETTING: In a case-control study nested within the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), eligible HIV+ participants underwent B-mode carotid artery ultrasound at 2 study visits occurring 7 years apart. Cases were defined by the presence of at least 1 carotid artery plaque assessed at either visit. Cases were matched 1:2 to controls who were found not to have carotid artery plaques. METHODS: Conditional logistic regression estimated the association of MP-TF activity with the presence of carotid artery plaque, adjusting for demographic and behavioral characteristics, HIV-related factors, cardiomet
10.1097/QAI.0000000000001988
30789451
PMC6456393
Adult Carotid Stenosis/blood/diagnostic imaging/*etiology Case-Control Studies Female HIV Infections/blood/*complications Humans Middle Aged Thromboplastin/*analysis Ultrasonography
Lin J, Xue X, Anastos K, Cohen MH, Gange SJ, Lazar JM, Liu C, Mack WJ, Tien PC, Tilley C, Hodis HN, Landay AL, Tracy RP, Kaplan RC, Hanna DB (2019). Elevated Microparticle Tissue Factor Activity Is Associated With Carotid Artery Plaque in HIV-Infected Women. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 81(1), 36-43. PMC6456393
Journal Article
The Impact of Cumulative Depression Along the HIV Care Continuum in Women Living With HIV During the Era of Universal Antiretroviral Treatment
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2019
1-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31335585
BACKGROUND: Data are limited on cumulative impacts of depression on engagement in care and HIV outcomes in women living with HIV (WLWH) during the era of universal antiretroviral therapy (ART). Understanding the relationship of accumulated depression with HIV disease management may help identify benefits of interventions to reduce severity and duration of depressive episodes. SETTING: A cohort of WLWH (N = 1491) from the Women's Interagency HIV Study at 9 sites across the US. METHODS: This longitudinal observational cohort study (2013-2017) followed WLWH for a maximum of 9 semiannual visits. Depression was quantified as a time-updated measure of percent of days depressed (PDD) created from repeated assessments using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale. Marginal structural Poisson regression models were used to estimate the effects of PDD on the risks of missing an HIV care appointment, <95% ART adherence, and virological failure (>/=200 copies/mL). RESULTS: The risk o
10.1097/QAI.0000000000002140
31335585
PMC6791755
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use Anti-Retroviral Agents/*therapeutic use Appointments and Schedules Cohort Studies *Continuity of Patient Care Depression/classification/*epidemiology Depressive Disorder Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy Humans Longitudinal Studies Medication Adherence Middle Aged Odds Ratio Prevalence Risk Factors Socioeconomic Factors United States/epidemiology
Mills JC, Pence BW, Edmonds A, Adedimeji A, Schwartz RM, Kassaye S, Cocohoba J, Cohen MH, Neigh G, Fischl MA, Kempf MC, Adimora AA (2019). The Impact of Cumulative Depression Along the HIV Care Continuum in Women Living With HIV During the Era of Universal Antiretroviral Treatment. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 82(3), 225-233. PMC6791755
Journal Article
Brief Report: PrEP Eligibility Among At-Risk Women in the Southern United States: Associated Factors, Awareness, and Acceptability
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2019
15-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30649036
BACKGROUND: Among women in the United States, non-Latina black women in the South have disproportionately high rates of new HIV infections but low use of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Effective strategies to identify factors associated with PrEP eligibility could facilitate improved screening, offering, and uptake of PrEP among US women at risk of HIV. SETTING AND METHODS: We applied 2014 CDC criteria for PrEP use to at-risk HIV-negative women enrolled in the Southern US sites (Atlanta, Chapel Hill, Birmingham/Jackson, Miami) of the Women's Interagency HIV Study from 2014 to 2015 to estimate PrEP eligibility and assess PrEP knowledge and acceptability. Factors associated with PrEP eligibility were assessed using multivariable models. RESULTS: Among 225 women, 72 (32%) were PrEP-eligible; the most common PrEP indicator was condomless sex. The majority of PrEP-eligible women (88%) reported willingness to consider PrEP. Only 24 (11%) PrEP-eligible women had previously heard of PrEP, an
10.1097/QAI.0000000000001950
30649036
PMC6519058
Adult Female HIV Infections/*prevention & control *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice Humans Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics & numerical data *Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis/statistics & numerical data Risk Factors Southeastern United States/epidemiology Unsafe Sex/statistics & numerical data
Patel AS, Goparaju L, Sales JM, Mehta CC, Blackstock OJ, Seidman D, Ofotokun I, Kempf MC, Fischl MA, Golub ET, Adimora AA, French AL, DeHovitz J, Wingood G, Kassaye S, Sheth AN (2019). Brief Report: PrEP Eligibility Among At-Risk Women in the Southern United States: Associated Factors, Awareness, and Acceptability. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 80(5), 527-532. PMC6519058
Journal Article
Discrimination, Medical Distrust, Stigma, Depressive Symptoms, Antiretroviral Medication Adherence, Engagement in Care, and Quality of Life Among Women Living With HIV in North Carolina: A Mediated Structural Equation Model
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2019
Jul 1
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30893124/
Background: Women represent 23% of all Americans living with HIV. By 2020, more than 70% of Americans living with HIV are expected to be 50 years and older. Setting: This study was conducted in the Southern United States-a geographic region with the highest number of new HIV infections and deaths. Objective: To explore the moderating effect of age on everyday discrimination (EVD); group-based medical (GBM) distrust; enacted, anticipated, internalized HIV stigma; depressive symptoms; HIV disclosure; engagement in care; antiretroviral medication adherence; and quality of life (QOL) among women living with HIV. Methods: We used multigroup structural equation modeling to analyze baseline data from 123 participants enrolled at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill site of the Women's Interagency HIV Study during October 2013-May 2015. Results: Although age did not moderate the pathways hypothesized, age had a direct effect on internalized stigma and QOL. EVD had a direct effec
10.1097/QAI.0000000000002033
30893124
PMC6565451
Relf MV, Pan W, Edmonds A, Ramirez C, Amarasekara S, Adimora AA. (2019). Discrimination, Medical Distrust, Stigma, Depressive Symptoms, Antiretroviral Medication Adherence, Engagement in Care, and Quality of Life Among Women Living With HIV in North Carolina: A Mediated Structural Equation Model. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 81(3), 328-335. PMC6565451
Journal Article
Elevated Depressive Symptoms Are a Stronger Predictor of Executive Dysfunction in HIV-Infected Women Than in Men
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2019
1-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30893126
BACKGROUND: HIV-infected (HIV+) women seem to be more vulnerable to neurocognitive impairment (NCI) than HIV+ men, perhaps in part due to mental health factors. We assessed the association between elevated depressive symptoms and NCI among HIV+ and HIV-uninfected (HIV-) women and men. SETTING: Women's Interagency HIV Study and Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. METHODS: Eight hundred fifty-eight HIV+ (429 women; 429 men) and 562 HIV- (281 women; 281 men) completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (16 cutoff) Scale and measures of psychomotor speed/attention, executive, and motor function over multiple visits (or time points). Women's Interagency HIV Study and Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study participants were matched according to HIV status, age, race/ethnicity, and education. Generalized linear mixed models were used to examine interactions between biological sex, HIV serostatus, and depression on impairment (T-scores <40) after covariate adjustment. RESULTS: Despite a higher
10.1097/QAI.0000000000002029
30893126
PMC7254882
Adult Age Factors Aged Cognition Cohort Studies Depression/*epidemiology Ethnic Groups Executive Function Female HIV Infections/*complications/*psychology Humans Male Mental Health Middle Aged Race Factors Sex Factors United States Young Adult
Rubin LH, Springer G, Martin EM, Seaberg EC, Sacktor NC, Levine A, Valcour VG, Young MA, Becker JT, Maki PM (2019). Elevated Depressive Symptoms Are a Stronger Predictor of Executive Dysfunction in HIV-Infected Women Than in Men. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 81(3), 274-283. PMC7254882
Journal Article
Prevalence and Correlates of Self-Rated Successful Aging Among Older Women Living With HIV
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2019
1-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31658205
BACKGROUND: Despite marked gains in longevity attributable to antiretroviral therapy (ART), older women living with HIV (OWLH) experience substantial health challenges, and few studies addressed whether they can achieve successful aging (SA). This is among the first studies examining prevalence and psychosocial correlates of self-rated SA (SRSA) among OWLH and women at risk of HIV. METHODS: The sample included 386 OWLH and 137 HIV-seronegative women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) who were aged 50 years and older and participated in the "From Surviving to Thriving" (FROST) substudy. The FROST survey included measures of SRSA and positive psychosocial constructs. RESULTS: Participants were on average 57 years (SD = 5.3), 74% African American and 30% unemployed. Among OWLH, 94% were on ART and 73% were virally suppressed. Compared with OWLH, a higher proportion of HIV-seronegative women had an annual income </= $6000, no health insurance, and reported lower optimism
10.1097/QAI.0000000000002175
31658205
PMC6830959
Aging/physiology/*psychology Cross-Sectional Studies Female HIV Infections/physiopathology/*psychology Humans Longevity Middle Aged Prevalence Psychometrics Quality of Life/*psychology Self Report Social Support Stress, Psychological/*psychology
Rubtsova AA, Wingood GM, Ofotokun I, Gustafson D, Vance DE, Sharma A, Adimora AA, Holstad M (2019). Prevalence and Correlates of Self-Rated Successful Aging Among Older Women Living With HIV. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 82 Suppl 2(), S162-S169. PMC6830959
Journal Article
Upregulation of IL-32 Isoforms in Virologically Suppressed HIV-Infected Individuals: Potential Role in Persistent Inflammation and Transcription From Stable HIV-1 Reservoirs
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2019
Dec 15
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31714430/
Background: Human IL-32 is a polyfunctional cytokine that was initially reported to inhibit HIV-1 infection. However, recent data suggest that IL-32 may enhance HIV-1 replication by activating the HIV-1 primary targets, CD4 T-cells. Indeed, IL-32 is expressed in multiple isoforms, some of which are proinflammatory, whereas others are anti-inflammatory. Setting and methods: Here, we aimed to determine the relative expression of IL-32 isoforms and to test their inflammatory nature and potential to induce HIV-1 production in latently infected cells from virologically suppressed HIV-infected individuals. IL-32 and other cytokines were quantified from plasma and supernatant of CD4 T-cells by ELISA. Transcripts of IL-32 isoforms were quantified by qRT-PCR in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The impact of recombinant human IL-32 isoforms on HIV-1 transcription was assessed in CD4 T-cells from HIV-1cART individuals by qRT-PCR. Results: All IL-32 isoforms were significantly upregulated in
10.1097/QAI.0000000000002185
31714430
PMC6857723
Sarah M Zaidan , Louise Leyre , Rémi Bunet, Etienne Larouche-Anctil, Isabelle Turcotte, Mohamed Sylla, Annie Chamberland , Carl Chartrand-Lefebvre , Petronela Ancuta , Jean-Pierre Routy , Jean-Guy Baril , Benoit Trottier, Paul MacPherson, Sylvie Trottier, Marianne Harris, Sharon Walmsley, Brian Conway, Alexander Wong , Réjean Thomas , Robert C Kaplan , Alan L Landay , Madeleine Durand, Nicolas Chomont , Cécile L Tremblay , Mohamed El-Far, Canadian HIV and Aging Cohort Study (2019). Upregulation of IL-32 Isoforms in Virologically Suppressed HIV-Infected Individuals: Potential Role in Persistent Inflammation and Transcription From Stable HIV-1 Reservoirs. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, (), . PMC6857723
Journal Article
Determinants of Liver Complications Among HIV/Hepatitis B Virus-Coinfected Patients
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2019
Sep 1
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31107304/
Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a leading cause of end-stage liver disease (ESLD) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in HIV. Factors contributing to the high rates of liver complications among HIV/HBV-coinfected individuals remain unknown. Setting: North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study among HIV/HBV-coinfected patients in 10 US and Canadian cohorts of the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design that validated ESLD (ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, variceal hemorrhage, and/or hepatic encephalopathy) and HCC diagnoses from 1996 to 2010. Multivariable Cox regression was used to examine adjusted hazard ratios [aHRs with 95% confidence interval (CIs)] of liver complications (first occurrence of ESLD or HCC) associated with hypothesized determinants and with increasing durations of HIV suppression (≤500 copies/mL). Results: Among 3573 HIV/HBV patients with 13,7
10.1097/QAI.0000000000002094
31107304
PMC6692181
Vincent Lo Re 3rd, Craig W Newcomb, Dena M Carbonari , Jason A Roy, Keri N Althoff, Mari M Kitahata, K Rajender Reddy, Joseph K Lim, Michael J Silverberg, Angel M Mayor, Michael A Horberg, Edward R Cachay, Gregory D Kirk, Mark Hull, John Gill, Timothy R Sterling, Jay R Kostman, Marion G Peters, Richard D Moore, Marina B Klein, H Nina Kim, North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design of IeDEA (2019). Determinants of Liver Complications Among HIV/Hepatitis B Virus-Coinfected Patients. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 82(1), 71-80. PMC6692181
Journal Article
Association of Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 (FGF-23) With Incident Frailty in HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Individuals
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2019
1-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30299347
BACKGROUND: In the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, we examined whether fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23), a bone-derived phosphaturic hormone involved in bone metabolism, is associated with incident frailty. Furthermore, we examined whether this association differs by HIV serostatus and race. METHODS: Of 715 men assessed for frailty and selected for FGF-23 measurements using stored blood samples (2007-2011), 512 men were nonfrail at/before the baseline visit. Frailty was defined by the presence of >/=3 of the following on 2 consecutive 6-month visits within 1 year: unintentional weight loss >/=10 pounds, weakness, slowness, low energy, and low physical activity. We determined the association of FGF-23 levels with incident frailty using proportional hazards models adjusting for sociodemographics, comorbidities, and kidney function. RESULTS: Sixty-five percent were HIV-infected; 29% were black. Median baseline FGF-23 levels were lower in HIV-infected vs. HIV-uninfected men (33.7 vs. 39
10.1097/QAI.0000000000001868
30299347
PMC6289864
Adult Aged Biomarkers/blood Coronary Angiography Ethnic Groups Fibroblast Growth Factors/*blood Frailty/blood/*physiopathology/virology HIV Infections/blood/*physiopathology Humans Male Middle Aged Prevalence Proportional Hazards Models Prospective Studies
Wang R, Shlipak MG, Ix JH, Brown TT, Jacobson LP, Palella FJ Jr, Lake JE, Koletar SL, Semba RD, Estrella MM (2019). Association of Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 (FGF-23) With Incident Frailty in HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Individuals. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 80(1), 118-125. PMC6289864
Journal Article
Assessment of Different Classification Schemes for Identification of Diastolic Dysfunction in the Women's Interagency HIV Study
J Am Soc Echocardiogr
2019
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30665727
10.1016/j.echo.2018.11.016
30665727
PMC6750001
Diastole Echocardiography Female *HIV Infections Humans Ventricular Function, Left
Hanna DB, Lazar JM, Avadhani S, Kaplan RC, Anastos K, Gange SJ, Holman S, Minkoff HL, Kizer JR (2019). Assessment of Different Classification Schemes for Identification of Diastolic Dysfunction in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. J Am Soc Echocardiogr, 32(4), 547-548. PMC6750001
Journal Article
Association of High-Sensitivity Troponin with Cardiac CT Angiography Evidence of Myocardial and Coronary Disease in a Primary Prevention Cohort of Men: Results from MACS
J Appl Lab Med
2019
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31659073
BACKGROUND: High-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) elevations are associated with incident cardiovascular disease events in primary prevention samples. However, the mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. METHODS: We studied 458 men without known cardiovascular disease who participated in the cardiovascular disease substudy of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and had cardiac CT angiography. We used multivariable linear and logistic regression models to examine the cross-sectional associations between coronary artery stenosis, coronary artery plaque, indexed left ventricular mass (LVMi), and the outcome of hs-cTnI. We also evaluated the associations between HIV serostatus or use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and hs-cTnI. RESULTS: The mean age was 54 years, 54% were white, and 61% were HIV infected. In multivariable-adjusted logistic models, comparing the highest quartile of LVMi with the lowest quartile, the odds ratio (OR) of hs-cTnI >/=75th percen
10.1373/jalm.2018.028860
31659073
PMC7085121
Aged Biomarkers Cardiomyopathies/*blood/*diagnostic imaging/epidemiology Comorbidity *Computed Tomography Angiography/methods Coronary Artery Disease/*blood/*diagnostic imaging/epidemiology HIV Infections Humans Male Middle Aged Odds Ratio Sensitivity and Specificity Troponin/*blood Troponin C/blood Troponin T/blood
Rahman F, Zhang Z, Zhao D, Budoff MJ, Palella FJ, Witt MD, Evans RW, Jacobson LP, Korley FK, Guallar E, Post WS, McEvoy JW (2019). Association of High-Sensitivity Troponin with Cardiac CT Angiography Evidence of Myocardial and Coronary Disease in a Primary Prevention Cohort of Men: Results from MACS. J Appl Lab Med, 4(3), 355-369. PMC7085121
Journal Article
Knowledge of Anal Cancer, Anal Cancer Screening, and HPV in HIV-Positive and High-Risk HIV-Negative Women
J Cancer Educ
2019
Mar 8
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30850945/
The incidence of anal cancer in HIV-positive women is a growing public health concern where they have a 7.8-fold increased risk for anal cancer than women in the general population. We examined knowledge of anal cancer, anal cancer screening, and HPV in HIV-positive women and high-risk HIV-negative women. Women were recruited from the Women's Interagency HIV Study and completed an adapted Knowledge of Anal Cancer and HPV Scale. Correlations among anal cancer knowledge and sociodemographic and risk factors were assessed using Pearson's or Spearman's rho r test. Student's t test or chi-square tests identified significant differences between groups by HIV status or risk factors. Among 155 women, 72% (n = 113) correctly identified the purpose of an anal Pap test. However, only 42% (n = 65) identified HIV as a risk factor for anal cancer. HIV-positive women were more knowledgeable about anal cancer than high risk HIV-negative women (t = 2.104, p = .037). Women with a history of an abnormal
10.1007/s13187-019-01503-8
30850945
PMC6732243
Anal Pap test; Anal cancer; Knowledge; Women
Jessica S Wells, Lisa Flowers, Sudeshna Paul, Minh Ly Nguyen, Anjali Sharma, Marcia Holstad (2019). Knowledge of Anal Cancer, Anal Cancer Screening, and HPV in HIV-Positive and High-Risk HIV-Negative Women. J Cancer Educ, 35(3), 606-615. PMC6732243
Journal Article
A novel density-volume calcium score by non-contrast CT predicts coronary plaque burden on coronary CT angiography: Results from the MACS (Multicenter AIDS cohort study)
J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr
2019
Sept 24
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31564631
Background: The purpose of this study is to determine if a new score calculated with coronary artery calcium (CAC) density and volume is associated with total coronary artery plaque burden and composition on coronary CT angiography (CCTA) compared to the Agatston score (AS). Methods: We identified 347 men enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS cohort study who underwent contrast and non-contrast CCTs, and had CAC>0. CAC densities (mean Hounsfield Units [HU]) per plaque) and volumes on non-contrast CCT were measured. A Density-Volume Calcium score was calculated by multiplying the plaque volume by a factor based on the mean HU of the plaque (4, 3, 2 and 1 for 130-199, 200-299, 300-399, and ≥400HU). Total Density-Volume Calcium score was determined by the sum of these individual scores. The semi-quantitative partially calcified and total plaque scores (PCPS and TPS) on CCTA were calculated. The associations between Density-Volume Calcium score, PCPS and TPS were examined. Results: Overall, 2
10.1016/j.jcct.2019.09.016
31564631
PMC7089811
Adult Aged *Computed Tomography Angiography *Coronary Angiography Coronary Disease/*diagnostic imaging Humans Male Middle Aged *Plaque, Atherosclerotic Predictive Value of Tests Prospective Studies Reproducibility of Results Severity of Illness Index United States Vascular Calcification/*diagnostic imaging Calcium density Calcium volume Coronary artery calcium Coronary computed tomographic angiography Human immunodeficiency virus
Nakanishi R, Delaney JA, Post WS, Dailing C, Blaha MJ, Palella F, Witt M, Brown TT, Kingsley LA, Osawa K, Ceponiene I, Nezarat N, Rahmani S, Kanisawa M, Jacobson L, Budoff MJ (2019). A novel density-volume calcium score by non-contrast CT predicts coronary plaque burden on coronary CT angiography: Results from the MACS (Multicenter AIDS cohort study). J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr, 14(3), 266-271. PMC7089811
Journal Article
Health Disparities and the Digital Divide: The Relationship between Communication Inequalities and Quality of Life among Women in a Nationwide Prospective Cohort Study in the United States
J Health Commun
2019
3-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31198091
Background: Communication inequalities can affect health-seeking behaviors yet the relationship between Internet use and overall health is inconclusive. Communication-related inequalities vary by race/ethnicity and SES but existing research primarily includes middle-class Whites. We therefore examined the relationship between communication-related inequalities-measured by daily Internet use-and health-related quality of life (QOL) using a nationwide prospective cohort study in the United States that consists of primarily low income, minority women. Methods: We examined Internet use and QOL among participants in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Data collection occurred from October 2014-September 2015 in Chicago, New York, Washington DC, San Francisco, Atlanta, Chapel Hill, Birmingham/Jackson and Miami. We used multi-variable analyses to examine the relationship between daily Internet use and QOL. Results: The sample of 1,915 women was 73% African American and 15% Hispanic; 53% report
10.1080/10810730.2019.1630524
31198091
PMC6620144
Adult Cohort Studies Communication Female HIV Infections Healthcare Disparities/*statistics & numerical data Humans *Information Seeking Behavior Internet/*statistics & numerical data Middle Aged Prospective Studies *Quality of Life Socioeconomic Factors Surveys and Questionnaires United States
Philbin MM, Parish C, Pereyra M, Feaster DJ, Cohen M, Wingood G, Konkle-Parker D, Adedimeji A, Wilson TE, Cohen J, Goparaju L, Adimora AA, Golub ET, Metsch LR (2019). Health Disparities and the Digital Divide: The Relationship between Communication Inequalities and Quality of Life among Women in a Nationwide Prospective Cohort Study in the United States. J Health Commun, 24(4), 405-412. PMC6620144
Journal Article
Lifetime Prevalence and Sociodemographic Correlates of Multifactorial Discrimination Among Middle-Aged and Older Adult Men Who Have Sex with Men
J Homosex
2019
Dec 20
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31860386/
This study describes multifactorial discrimination (discrimination attributed to multiple social identities) among middle-aged and older adult MSM. MSM aged 40+ years (N = 1,193) enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study completed behavioral surveys ascertaining experiences of discrimination and their social identity attributions. Non-proportional odds regressions assessed multifactorial discrimination by age, race/ethnicity, HIV status, and covariates. Twenty-seven percent of participants reported multifactorial discrimination. Adjusted models indicated that middle-aged men were more likely to report multifactorial discrimination compared to older adult men. Racial/ethnic minorities were more likely to report multifactorial discrimination compared to non-Hispanic white participants. These same patterns emerged among the sub-sample of participants living with HIV. To our knowledge, this is the first assessment of multifactorial discrimination in middle-aged and older MSM. Our findi
10.1080/00918369.2019.1702353
31860386
PMC7305044
HIV; MSM; aging; discrimination; health disparities; multiple marginalization; stigma
Meanley SP, Plankey MW, Matthews DD, Hawk ME, Egan JE, Teplin LA, Shoptaw SJ, Surkan PJ, Stall RD (2019). Lifetime Prevalence and Sociodemographic Correlates of Multifactorial Discrimination Among Middle-Aged and Older Adult Men Who Have Sex with Men. J Homosex, (), 1-18. PMC7305044
Journal Article
IL-18 defines exclusive ‘memory-like’ NK cell populations
J Immunol
2019
May
https://www.jimmunol.org/content/202/1_Supplement/76.8.abstract
While NK cells are well known for their killing effector function, they also play a critical role as immune helper cells, providing innate alarm signals that shape and regulate the adaptive immune response. In chronic HIV-1 infection, an expanded population of CD56dim FcRγ deficient NK cells persists, similar to the ‘memory-like’ FcRγ− NK cell type identified in cytomegalovirus infection. The purpose of this study was to explore the phenotypic and functional relationship between these FcRγ− NK cells and the previously described IL-18-induced ‘memory-like’ NK helper cells in the setting of HIV-1 infection. We utilized HIV-1 seropositive participants of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study to measure baseline frequencies of peripheral blood FcRγ− NK cells by flow cytometry. We also treated NK cells for 24h with IL-18 alone, or in combination with IL-12, and assessed the phenotypic and functional impact on the FcRγ− and FcRγ+ subsets by flow cytometry. The frequencies of FcRγ− NK cells varie
Renee R. Anderko, Charles R. Rinaldo, Robbie B. Mailliard (2019). IL-18 defines exclusive ‘memory-like’ NK cell populations. J Immunol, 202(1 Supplement), 76.8-76.8.
Journal Article
Food Insecurity Is Associated With Inflammation Among Women Living With HIV
J Infect Dis
2019
9-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30165648
Background: Chronic inflammation is associated with AIDS-defining and non-AIDS-defining conditions. Limited research has considered how food insecurity influences chronic inflammation among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We examined whether food insecurity was associated with higher levels of inflammation among women living with HIV (WWH) in the United States. Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional data collected in 2015 from 421 participants on antiretroviral therapy from the Women's Interagency HIV Study. The exposure was any food insecurity. The outcome was inflammation, measured by proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necroses factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) levels. We conducted multivariable linear regressions, adjusting for sociodemographic, clinical, and nutritional factors. Results: Nearly one-third of participants (31%) were food insecure and 79% were virally suppressed (<20 copies/mL). In adjusted analyses, food insecurity was associated wit
10.1093/infdis/jiy511
30165648
PMC6325349
Adult Body Mass Index Cross-Sectional Studies Female Food Supply/*statistics & numerical data HIV Infections/drug therapy/*epidemiology/immunology Humans Inflammation/*epidemiology/immunology Interleukin-6/immunology Linear Models Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/immunology United States/epidemiology
Leddy AM, Roque A, Sheira LA, Frongillo EA, Landay AL, Adedimeji AA, Wilson TE, Merenstein D, Wentz E, Adimora AA, Ofotokun I, Metsch LR, Cohen MH, Tien PC, Turan JM, Turan B, Weiser SD (2019). Food Insecurity Is Associated With Inflammation Among Women Living With HIV. J Infect Dis, 219(3), 429-436. PMC6325349
Journal Article
The influence of biotinylation on the ability of a computer designed protein to detect B-cells producing anti-HIV-1 2F5 antibodies
J Mol Graph Model
2019
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31479948
Antibodies against the HIV-1 2F5 epitope are known as one of the most powerful and broadly protective anti-HIV antibodies. Therefore, vaccine strategies that include the 2F5 epitope in their formulation require a robust method to detect specific anti-2F5 antibody production by B cells. Towards this goal, we have biotinylated a previously reported computer-designed protein carrying the HIV-1 2F5 epitope aiming the further development of a platform to detect human B-cells expressing anti-2F5 antibodies through flow cytometry. Biophysical and immunological properties of our devised protein were characterized by computer simulation and experimental methods. Biotinylation did not affect folding and improved protein stability and solubility. The biotinylated protein exhibited similar binding affinity trends compared to its unbiotinylated counterpart and was recognized by anti-HIV-1 2F5 antibodies expressed on the surface of patient-derived peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Moreover, we pre
10.1016/j.jmgm.2019.107442
31479948
PMC7887850
AIDS Vaccines/*immunology Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology B-Lymphocytes/*metabolism *Biotinylation Computer Simulation Epitopes/immunology HIV Antibodies/*immunology HIV-1/*immunology Humans Leukocytes, Mononuclear/*metabolism *Molecular Dynamics Simulation *Antigen *Biotin *Molecular dynamics *Top7 *Vaccine
Coêlho DF, Ferraz MVF, Marques ETA, Lins RD, Viana IFT (2019). The influence of biotinylation on the ability of a computer designed protein to detect B-cells producing anti-HIV-1 2F5 antibodies. J Mol Graph Model, 93(), 107442. PMC7887850
Journal Article
Aging, comorbidities, and the importance of finding biomarkers for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders
J Neurovirol
2019
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30868422
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) continue to affect a large proportion of persons living with HIV despite effective viral suppression with combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). Importantly, milder versions of HAND have become more prevalent. The pathogenesis of HAND in the era of cART appears to be multifactorial with contributions from central nervous system (CNS) damage that occur prior to starting cART, chronic immune activation, cART neurotoxicity, and various age-related comorbidities (i.e., cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, diabetes, hyperlipidemia). Individuals with HIV may experience premature aging, which could also contribute to cognitive impairment. Likewise, degenerative disorders aside from HAND increase with age and there is evidence of shared pathology between HAND and other neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, which can occur with or without co-existing HAND. Given the aforementioned complex interactions associated with HIV,
10.1007/s13365-019-00735-0
30868422
PMC7212499
AIDS Dementia Complex/cerebrospinal fluid/diagnosis/*epidemiology Age of Onset Aged Aging/*psychology Aging, Premature/etiology Alzheimer Disease/cerebrospinal fluid/diagnosis/epidemiology/etiology Anti-HIV Agents/pharmacokinetics/therapeutic use Biomarkers/*cerebrospinal fluid Blood-Brain Barrier Brain/pathology/virology Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnosis/epidemiology/etiology Comorbidity Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology Disease Progression HIV Infections/drug therapy Humans Kidney Failure, Chronic/epidemiology Middle Aged Nerve Tissue Proteins/cerebrospinal fluid Risk Factors Viral Load Virus Replication *hand *hiv *aging *biomarkers *cognitive impairment
Rosenthal J, Tyor W (2019). Aging, comorbidities, and the importance of finding biomarkers for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. J Neurovirol, 25(5), 673-685. PMC7212499
Journal Article
Persistent Food Insecurity Is Associated with Adverse Mental Health among Women Living with or at Risk of HIV in the United States
J Nutr
2019
1-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30753638
BACKGROUND: Food insecurity and mental health negatively affect the lives of women in the United States. Participants in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) provided the opportunity to understand the association of food insecurity with depression and mental well-being over time. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the association between current and persistent food insecurity and depression among women at risk of or living with HIV in the United States. METHODS: We used longitudinal data from the WIHS, a prospective cohort study in women at risk of or living with HIV from multiple sites in the United States. Participants completed 6 semiannual assessments from 2013 to 2016 on food security (FS; high, marginal, low, and very low) and mental health (i.e., depressive symptoms and mental well-being). We used multiple regression analysis to estimate the association between these variables. RESULTS: Among 2551 participants, 44% were food insecure and 35% reported depressive symptoms indicative o
10.1093/jn/nxy203
30753638
PMC6698636
Adult Depression/*complications Female *Food Supply HIV Infections/*complications Humans *Mental Health Middle Aged Prospective Studies Risk Factors Socioeconomic Factors United States Women's Health *hiv *United States *food insecurity *women
Tuthill EL, Sheira LA, Palar K, Frongillo EA, Wilson TE, Adedimeji A, Merenstein D, Cohen MH, Wentz EL, Adimora AA, Ofotokun I, Metsch L, Kushel M, Turan JM, Konkle-Parker D, Tien PC, Weiser SD (2019). Persistent Food Insecurity Is Associated with Adverse Mental Health among Women Living with or at Risk of HIV in the United States. J Nutr, 149(2), 240-248. PMC6698636
Journal Article
Food insecurity is associated with anxiety, stress, and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder in a cohort of women with or at risk of HIV in the United States
J Nutr
2019
1-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31127819
BACKGROUND: Food insecurity, which disproportionately affects marginalized women in the United States, is associated with depressive symptoms. Few studies have examined relations of food insecurity with other mental health outcomes. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of food insecurity with symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), stress, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), a prospective cohort study of women with or at risk of HIV in the United States. METHODS: Participants were 2553 women with or at risk of HIV, predominantly African American/black (71.6%). Structured questionnaires were conducted during April 2013-March 2016 every 6 mo. Food security (FS) was the primary predictor, measured using the Household Food Security Survey Module. We measured longitudinal outcomes for GAD (GAD-7 score and a binary GAD-7 screener for moderate-to-severe GAD). Only cross-sectional data were available for
10.1093/jn/nxz093
31127819
PMC6675617
Anxiety/*psychology Cohort Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Depression/*psychology Female *Food Supply HIV Infections/*epidemiology Humans Longitudinal Studies Middle Aged Risk Factors Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/*psychology United States/epidemiology *hiv *ptsd *anxiety *food insecurity *stress
Whittle HJ, Sheira LA, Wolfe WR, Frongillo EA, Palar K, Merenstein D, Wilson TE, Adedimeji A, Weber KM, Adimora AA, Ofotokun I, Metsch L, Turan JM, Wentz EL, Tien PC, Weiser SD (2019). Food insecurity is associated with anxiety, stress, and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder in a cohort of women with or at risk of HIV in the United States. J Nutr, 149(8), 1393-1403. PMC6675617
Journal Article
Dental insurance, dental care utilization, and perceived unmet dental needs in women living with HIV: Results from the Women's Interagency HIV Study
J Public Health Dent
2019
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31418877
OBJECTIVES: Dental care is the most commonly cited unmet health-care service due to cost. Previous research has highlighted the unmet dental needs of people living with HIV (PLWH). Understanding associations among dental insurance availability, dental care utilization, and the presence of unmet dental needs among PLWH is a public health priority. METHODS: Oral health surveys were collected cross-sectionally (April-October 2016) among 1,442 women living with HIV (WLWH) in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the association between having versus not having dental insurance by type (Ryan White, private, Medicaid/Medicare) and two primary outcomes: a) typical frequency of dental visits (at least annually, less than annually) and b) reporting an unmet dental need in the past 6 months. RESULTS: All dental insurance types were associated with higher odds of receiving annual dental care and, for those with either Medicare/Medicaid or private insur
10.1111/jphd.12336
31418877
Aged Dental Care Female *HIV Infections Health Services Accessibility Health Services Needs and Demand Humans Insurance Coverage *Insurance, Dental Insurance, Health Medicaid Medicare United States *hiv *access to dental care *dental insurance *oral health
Parish CL, Feaster DJ, Pereyra MR, Alcaide M, Cohen M, Levin S, Gustafson D, Merenstein D, Aouizerat B, Donohue J, Webster-Cyriaque J, Wingood G, Kempf M, Metsch LR (2019). Dental insurance, dental care utilization, and perceived unmet dental needs in women living with HIV: Results from the Women's Interagency HIV Study. J Public Health Dent, 79(4), 343-351.
Journal Article
Transactional Sex among Men Who Have Sex with Men: Differences by Substance Use and HIV Status
J Urban Health
2019
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30136249
Exchanging money, drugs, and other goods for sex has been associated with sexual risk behaviors and increased STIs/HIV. While female sex work is well described, data on men who exchange sex for money or goods are more limited. This paper examined the prevalence and correlates of transactional sex among young men who have sex with men, especially focusing on substance use and HIV status. We conducted a cohort study of 511 participants recruited between August 2014 and December 2017 in Los Angeles, CA. Eligible participants were: (1) between 18 and 45 years of age; (2) male; and (3) if HIV-negative, reported condomless anal intercourse with a male partner in the past 6 months. By design, half were HIV-positive and half HIV-negative. At baseline and semi-annual follow-up visits, computer-assisted self-interviews were used to collect information on demographics, sexual behaviors including transactional sex which was defined as exchange of money, drugs, or a place to stay for anal intercour
10.1007/s11524-018-0309-8
30136249
PMC6565772
Adolescent Adult Cohort Studies Continental Population Groups HIV Infections/*epidemiology Homosexuality, Male/*statistics & numerical data Humans Los Angeles/epidemiology Male Middle Aged Odds Ratio Prevalence Risk-Taking Sex Workers/*statistics & numerical data Sexual Behavior/statistics & numerical data Sexually Transmitted Diseases/epidemiology Substance-Related Disorders/*epidemiology Young Adult *hiv *msm *sti *Transactional sex
Javanbakht M, Ragsdale A, Shoptaw S, Gorbach PM (2019). Transactional Sex among Men Who Have Sex with Men: Differences by Substance Use and HIV Status. J Urban Health, 96(3), 429-441. PMC6565772
Journal Article
Contrasting Roles of the PD-1 Signaling Pathway in Dendritic Cell-Mediated Induction and Regulation of HIV-1-Specific Effector T Cell Functions
J Virol
2019
Feb 19
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30541848
Eliciting highly functional CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses against a broad range of epitopes will likely be required for immunotherapeutic control of HIV-1 infection. However, the combination of CTL exhaustion and the ability of HIV-1 to rapidly establish CTL escape variants presents major hurdles toward this goal. Our previous work highlighted the use of monocyte-derived, mature, high-interleukin-12 (IL-12)-producing type 1 polarized dendritic cells (MDC1) to selectively induce more potent effector CTLs derived from naive, rather than memory, CD8(+) T cell precursors isolated from HIV-1-positive participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. In this study, we report that these highly stimulatory antigen-presenting cells also express enhanced levels of the coinhibitory molecule programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), the ligand for PD-1, which is further upregulated upon subsequent stimulation with the CD4(+) T helper cell-derived factor CD40L. Interestingly, blockin
10.1128/JVI.02035-18
30541848
PMC6384070
Adult B7-H1 Antigen/*metabolism CD40 Ligand/metabolism Dendritic Cells/*immunology HIV Infections/immunology HIV-1/*immunology Humans Immune Evasion/immunology Immunologic Memory/immunology Interleukin-12 Subunit p35/immunology Lymphocyte Activation/immunology Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism Signal Transduction/immunology T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*immunology T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/*immunology *pd-1 *T cell immunity *T lymphocytes *human immunodeficiency virus
Garcia-Bates TM, Palma ML, Shen C, Gambotto A, Macatangay BJC, Ferris RL, Rinaldo CR, Mailliard RB (2019). Contrasting Roles of the PD-1 Signaling Pathway in Dendritic Cell-Mediated Induction and Regulation of HIV-1-Specific Effector T Cell Functions. J Virol, 93(5), . PMC6384070
Journal Article
History of Incarceration Among Women with HIV: Impact on Prognosis and Mortality
J Womens Health (Larchmt)
2019
May 17
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31099696
Objectives: To identify factors associated with incarceration among women and examine the relationship between incarceration and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related outcomes. Materials and Methods: We analyzed longitudinal data from 3324 women (2372 with HIV and 952 uninfected) from 2007 to 2016 in the Women's Interagency HIV Study, a U.S. cohort of women with and without HIV. Lifetime history of incarceration before first study visit was used as the outcome and then as a predictor for HIV outcomes and mortality. Using multivariable models, we assessed associations between socio-demographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics and incarceration, and between incarceration and HIV outcomes, including mortality. Results: Overall, 1256 (38%) of women reported ever being incarcerated. Women who had a history of drug use had a 44% greater prevalence of incarceration compared with those who did not use drugs. Sexual minority women and women who experienced physical and sexual abus
10.1089/jwh.2018.7454
31099696
PMC6709940
Adolescent Adult Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/diagnosis/drug therapy/*mortality Humans Medication Adherence Middle Aged Prevalence Prisoners/*statistics & numerical data Prisons Prognosis Prospective Studies Sexual Partners/psychology Substance Abuse, Intravenous/*complications/epidemiology/psychology United States/epidemiology Young Adult *hiv *incarceration *mortality *women
Cohen MH, Weber KM, Lancki N, Gange SJ, Plankey M, Philbin MM, Milam J, Admora AA, Kempf MC, Holman S, Cohen J, Foster A, Sosanya O, Evans CT (2019). History of Incarceration Among Women with HIV: Impact on Prognosis and Mortality. J Womens Health (Larchmt), 28(8), 1083-1093. PMC6709940
Journal Article
Association of Lipidomic Profiles With Progression of Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis in HIV Infection
JAMA Cardiol
2019
Dec 1
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31642867/
Importance: Lipid metabolism disruption and excess risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) have been observed in HIV-infected individuals, but the associations among HIV infection, plasma lipidome, and CVD risk have not been well understood. Objective: To evaluate plasma lipidomic profiles and their associations with carotid artery atherosclerosis in individuals with HIV and individuals without HIV. Design, setting, and participants: Prospective analysis in the Women's Interagency HIV Study and Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study during a 7-year follow-up (from 2004-2006 to 2011-2013) at multicenter HIV cohorts in the United States. The study included 737 participants aged 35 to 55 years (520 with HIV and 217 without HIV) without CVD or carotid artery plaque at baseline. Data were analyzed between April 2017 and July 2019. Exposures: Two hundred eleven plasma lipid species. Main outcomes and measures: Poisson regression was used to examine the associations of baseline lipid species with ris
10.1001/jamacardio.2019.4025
31642867
PMC6813587
Jin Choul Chai, Amy A Deik, Simin Hua, Tao Wang, David B Hanna, Xiaonan Xue, Sabina A Haberlen, Sanjiv J Shah, Yousin Suh, Jason M Lazar, Deborah Gustafson, Howard N Hodis, Alan L Landay, Kathryn Anastos, Wendy S Post, Robert C Kaplan, Clary B Clish, Qibin Qi (2019). Association of Lipidomic Profiles With Progression of Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis in HIV Infection. JAMA Cardiol, 4(12), 1239-1249. PMC6813587
Journal Article
Viremia Trajectories of HIV in HIV-Positive Women in the United States, 1994-2017
JAMA Netw Open
2019
May 3
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31099865
Importance: Viral suppression of HIV is an important treatment goal to decrease morbidity, mortality, and risk of transmission to others. Objective: To characterize longitudinal HIV viral load outcomes among women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). Design, Setting, and Participants: A prospective cohort study of HIV-positive women with semiannual study visits and a minimum of 5 follow-up visits was conducted from 1994 to 2017. The WIHS sites included in this analysis are in Brooklyn and Bronx, New York; Chicago, Illinois; San Francisco, California; and Washington, DC. Main Outcomes and Measures: Women were categorized into groups based on their probability of achieving viral load suppression below 200 copies/mL using logistic trajectory modeling. Multinomial regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with placement in the group with the highest probability of viremia. Results: At baseline, the mean (SD) age of the 1989 women was 36.9 (8.0) years, mea
10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.3822
31099865
PMC6537820
Adult Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use Female HIV Infections/drug therapy/*epidemiology/therapy Humans Longitudinal Studies Middle Aged Prospective Studies Risk Factors United States/epidemiology Viral Load/*statistics & numerical data Viremia/drug therapy/*epidemiology
Kassaye SG, Wang C, Ocampo JMF, Wilson TE, Anastos K, Cohen M, Greenblatt RM, Fischl MA, Otofukun I, Adimora A, Kempf MC, Sharp GB, Young M, Plankey M (2019). Viremia Trajectories of HIV in HIV-Positive Women in the United States, 1994-2017. JAMA Netw Open, 2(5), e193822. PMC6537820
Journal Article
Labor Markets in Statistics: The Subject Supply Effect in Medical R&D
Journal of Human Capital
2019
Jun
https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/702923
Medical R&D differs from other R&D because of a unique linkage between output and input markets: potential consumers of existing medical products are also potential subjects in clinical trials required to develop new products. Therefore, a quality increase or price reduction for an existing treatment reduces patients’ incentive to participate in trials of new treatments. We label this linkage the “subject supply effect” and provide evidence of it from trials of hepatitis C and AIDS treatments. The subject supply effect has important positive implications for how policies affect the rate of medical R&D and normative implications for whether subjects ought to be compensated for enrolling in clinical trials.
10.1086/702923
Malani A, Philipson T (2019). Labor Markets in Statistics: The Subject Supply Effect in Medical R&D. Journal of Human Capital, 13(2), 293-340.
Journal Article
30-Year Longitudinal Study of Hematological Parameters of HIV-1 Negative Men Participating in Los Angeles Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS)
Lab Med
2019
Jan 1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30060104
Background: Clinicians often use population-based reference intervals (RIs) when interpreting patient results. However, this method can present problems if the analyte in question has wide variability from person to person. Methods: We examined the biological variation of routine hematologic markers in 82 white non-Hispanic men every 6 months during a 30-year period, to determine the usefulness of population-based RIs and age-related decline of hematological markers. Results: Many of these markers showed significant person-to-person differences (index of individuality <1.4 in 10/11 markers) and change over time with a decrease in mean for white blood cells (WBCs), red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelets, and neutrophils. The mean increased for monocytes, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) (all P <.05). Conclusion: Longitudinal analysis demonstrated significant decline in hematologic marker counts, with the exception of MCV and MCH. Es
10.1093/labmed/lmy044
30060104
PMC6301185
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*blood/immunology Adult Aged Biological Variation, Individual Biological Variation, Population Biomarkers/blood *HIV Seronegativity Hiv-1 Hematologic Tests/*standards Humans Male Middle Aged Reference Values
Aziz N, Quint JJ, Breen EC, Oishi J, Jamieson BD, Martinez-Maza O, Detels R (2019). 30-Year Longitudinal Study of Hematological Parameters of HIV-1 Negative Men Participating in Los Angeles Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Lab Med, 50(1), 64-72. PMC6301185
Journal Article
Contributions of traditional and HIV-related risk factors on non-AIDS-defining cancer, myocardial infarction, and end-stage liver and renal diseases in adults with HIV in the USA and Canada: a collaboration of cohort studies
Lancet HIV
2019
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30683625
BACKGROUND: Adults with HIV have an increased burden of non-AIDS-defining cancers, myocardial infarction, end-stage liver disease, and end-stage renal disease. The objective of this study was to estimate the population attributable fractions (PAFs) of preventable or modifiable HIV-related and traditional risk factors for non-AIDS-defining cancers, myocardial infarction, end-stage liver disease, and end-stage renal disease outcomes. METHODS: We included participants receiving care in academic and community-based outpatient HIV clinical cohorts in the USA and Canada from Jan 1, 2000, to Dec 31, 2014, who contributed to the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design and who had validated non-AIDS-defining cancers, myocardial infarction, end-stage liver disease, or end-stage renal disease outcomes. Traditional risk factors were tobacco smoking, hypertension, elevated total cholesterol, type 2 diabetes, renal impairment (stage 4 chronic kidney disease), and hepatitis C
10.1016/S2352-3018(18)30295-9
30683625
PMC6589140
Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Canada/epidemiology End Stage Liver Disease/*epidemiology Female HIV Infections/*complications Humans Kidney Failure, Chronic Male Middle Aged Myocardial Infarction/*epidemiology Neoplasms/*epidemiology Risk Factors United States/epidemiology Young Adult
Althoff KN, Gebo KA, Moore RD, Boyd CM, Justice AC, Wong C, Lucas GM, Klein MB, Kitahata MM, Crane H, Silverberg MJ, Gill MJ, Mathews WC, Dubrow R, Horberg MA, Rabkin CS, Klein DB, Lo Re V, Sterling TR, Desir FA, Lichtenstein K, Willig J, Rachlis AR, Kirk GD, Anastos K, Palella FJ Jr, Thorne JE, Eron J, Jacobson LP, Napravnik S, Achenbach C, Mayor AM, Patel P, Buchacz K, Jing Y, Gange SJ (2019). Contributions of traditional and HIV-related risk factors on non-AIDS-defining cancer, myocardial infarction, and end-stage liver and renal diseases in adults with HIV in the USA and Canada: a collaboration of cohort studies. Lancet HIV, 6(2), e93-e104. PMC6589140
Journal Article
Association of immunosuppression and HIV viraemia with non-Hodgkin lymphoma risk overall and by subtype in people living with HIV in Canada and the USA: a multicentre cohort study
Lancet HIV
2019
Apr
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30826282/
Background: Research is needed to better understand relations between immunosuppression and HIV viraemia and risk for non-Hodgkin lymphoma, a common cancer in people living with HIV. We aimed to identify key CD4 count and HIV RNA (viral load) predictors of risk for non-Hodgkin lymphoma, overall and by subtype. Methods: We studied people living with HIV during 1996-2014 from 21 Canadian and US cohorts participating in the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design. To determine key independent predictors of risk for non-Hodgkin lymphoma, we assessed associations with time-updated recent, past, cumulative, and nadir or peak measures of CD4 count and viral load, using demographics-adjusted, cohort-stratified Cox models, and we compared models using Akaike's information criterion. Findings: Of 102 131 people living with HIV during the study period, 712 people developed non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The key independent predictors of risk for overall non-Hodgkin lymphoma were
10.1016/s2352-3018(18)30360-6
30826282
PMC6531288
Hernández-Ramírez RU, Qin L, Lin H, Leyden W, Neugebauer RS, Althoff KN, Achenbach CJ, Hessol NA, D'Souza G, Gebo KA, Gill MJ, Grover S, Horberg MA, Li J, Mathews WC, Mayor AM, Park LS, Rabkin CS, Salters K, Justice AC, Moore RD, Engels EA, Silverberg MJ, Dubrow R (2019). Association of immunosuppression and HIV viraemia with non-Hodgkin lymphoma risk overall and by subtype in people living with HIV in Canada and the USA: a multicentre cohort study. Lancet HIV, 6(4), e240-e249. PMC6531288
Journal Article
Cervical determinants of anal HPV infection and high-grade anal lesions in women: a collaborative pooled analysis
Lancet Infect Dis
2019
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31204304
BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer screening might contribute to the prevention of anal cancer in women. We aimed to investigate if routine cervical cancer screening results-namely high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cytohistopathology-predict anal HPV16 infection, anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) and, hence, anal cancer. METHODS: We did a systematic review of MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane library for studies of cervical determinants of anal HPV and HSIL published up to Aug 31, 2018. We centrally reanalysed individual-level data from 13 427 women with paired cervical and anal samples from 36 studies. We compared anal high-risk HPV prevalence by HIV status, cervical high-risk HPV, cervical cytohistopathology, age, and their combinations, using prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% CIs. Among 3255 women with anal cytohistopathology results, PRs were similarly calculated for all anal HSIL and HPV16-positive anal HSIL. FINDINGS: Cervical and anal HPV infections
10.1016/S1473-3099(19)30164-1
31204304
PMC6656696
Anus Neoplasms/*diagnosis/virology *Early Detection of Cancer Female Global Health HIV Seropositivity Human papillomavirus 16/isolation & purification Humans Papillomavirus Infections/*diagnosis/*epidemiology/virology Prevalence Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/*diagnosis/virology
Lin C, Slama J, Gonzalez P, Goodman MT, Xia N, Kreimer AR, Wu T, Hessol NA, Shvetsov Y, Ortiz AP, Grinsztejn B, Moscicki AB, Heard I, Del Refugio González Losa M, Kojic EM, Schim van der Loeff MF, Wei F, Longatto-Filho A, Mbulawa ZA, Palefsky JM, Sohn AH, Hernandez BY, Robison K, Simpson S Jr, Conley LJ, de Pokomandy A, van der Sande MAB, Dube Mandishora RS, Volpini LPB, Pierangeli A, Romero B, Wilkin T, Franceschi S, Hidalgo-Tenorio C, Ramautarsing RA, Park IU, Tso FK, Godbole S, D'Hauwers KWM, Sehnal B, Menezes LJ, Heráclio SA, Clifford GM (2019). Cervical determinants of anal HPV infection and high-grade anal lesions in women: a collaborative pooled analysis. Lancet Infect Dis, 19(8), 880-891. PMC6656696
Journal Article
Quantile regression-based Bayesian joint modeling analysis of longitudinal-survival data, with application to an AIDS cohort study
Lifetime Data Anal
2019
May 28
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31140028
In longitudinal studies, it is of interest to investigate how repeatedly measured markers are associated with time to an event. Joint models have received increasing attention on analyzing such complex longitudinal-survival data with multiple data features, but most of them are mean regression-based models. This paper formulates a quantile regression (QR) based joint models in general forms that consider left-censoring due to the limit of detection, covariates with measurement errors and skewness. The joint models consist of three components: (i) QR-based nonlinear mixed-effects Tobit model using asymmetric Laplace distribution for response dynamic process; (ii) nonparametric linear mixed-effects model with skew-normal distribution for mismeasured covariate; and (iii) Cox proportional hazard model for event time. For the purpose of simultaneously estimating model parameters, we propose a Bayesian method to jointly model the three components which are linked through the random effects.
10.1007/s10985-019-09478-w
31140028
*Asymmetric Laplace distribution *Bayesian inference *Covariate measurement errors *Limit of detection *Longitudinal-survival joint model *Nonlinear longitudinal quantile regression
Zhang H, Huang Y (2019). Quantile regression-based Bayesian joint modeling analysis of longitudinal-survival data, with application to an AIDS cohort study. Lifetime Data Anal, 26(2), 339-368.
Journal Article
The influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms and epigenetics on HIV disease progression
Master's Thesis, University of Pittsburgh
2019
http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/35626/
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is one of the most significant public health issues globally, however; little is known about the factors contributing to the rate of AIDS progression. Due to antiretroviral therapy, disease progression classification can no longer be attained, therefore; retrospective samples from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) are used to study host genetic factors contributing to progression though studying Nonprogressors (NPs) and Progressors (PRs). The genetic response to HIV infection can be influenced by polymorphisms, or epigenetic factors such as chromatin accessibility. Using previously acquired microarray data, we observe multiple genes differentially regulated when comparing immature dendritic cells (iDCs) from NPs and PRs, and recent studies by Rappocciolo et al, 2014 demonstrate that iDCs from NPs have inefficient trans-infection due to reduced cellular cholesterol. I hypothesize that sequence variation and/or epigenetic regulation may be influe
Thesis
T-cell immunity against cytomegalovirus in HIV infection and aging: relationships with inflammation, immune activation, and frailty
Med Microbiol Immunol
2019
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30900090
Both aging and treated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are characterized by low-level chronic inflammation and immune activation which contribute to the development of age-related diseases, frailty, and early mortality. Chronic cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is highly prevalent in older adults and HIV-infected populations. A number of studies have shown that CMV induces broad and strong T-cell responses in CMV-seropositive older adults and HIV-infected individuals. CMV infection rarely develops into clinical disease in immunocompetent individuals. However, a large body of literature has shown adverse effects of chronic CMV infection on the health and longevity of these populations. It has been hypothesized that chronic CMV infection may be a driver of chronic inflammation and immune activation, and may further contribute to the development of frailty. Thus, there is a need to better understand the extent of the impact of chronic CMV infection on T-cell immunity and health
10.1007/s00430-019-00591-z
30900090
PMC6635075
*Aging Cytomegalovirus/*immunology Cytomegalovirus Infections/complications/*immunology Frailty/pathology HIV Infections/complications/*immunology Humans Immunologic Factors/*blood Inflammation/pathology T-Lymphocytes/*immunology Aging Clip Cytomegalovirus Frailty HIV infection Immune activation
Tavenier J, Margolick JB, Leng SX (2019). T-cell immunity against cytomegalovirus in HIV infection and aging: relationships with inflammation, immune activation, and frailty. Med Microbiol Immunol, 208(4-Mar), 289-294. PMC6635075
Journal Article
HIV-Specific T Cell Responses Are Highly Stable on Antiretroviral Therapy
Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev
2019
13-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31534983
HIV infection induces a robust T cell response that is sustained by high viremia, but falls following the onset of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Relatively little has been reported on the subsequent stability of the HIV-specific T cell response in individuals on durable therapy. Such data are critical for powering clinical trials testing T cell-based immunotherapies. In a cross-sectional study, HIV-specific T cell responses were detectable by ex vivo interferon (IFN)-gamma ELISpot (average approximately 1,100 spot-forming units [SFUs]/10(6) peripheral blood mononuclear cells) in persons living with HIV (PLWH; n = 34), despite median durable ART suppression of 5.0 years. No substantial association was detected between the summed HIV-specific T cell response and the size of the replication-competent HIV reservoir. T cell responses were next measured in participants sampled weekly, monthly, or yearly. HIV-specific T cell responses were highly stable over the time periods examined; within-
10.1016/j.omtm.2019.07.008
31534983
PMC6745511
Cd8 Hiv T cell immunotherapy
Xu Y, Trumble IM, Warren JA, Clutton G, Abad-Fernandez M, Kirchnerr J, Adimora AA, Deeks SG, Margolis DM, Kuruc JD, Gay CL, Archin NM, Mollan KR, Hudgens M, Goonetilleke N (2019). HIV-Specific T Cell Responses Are Highly Stable on Antiretroviral Therapy. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev, 15(), 17-Sep. PMC6745511
Journal Article
CCR5AS lncRNA variation differentially regulates CCR5, influencing HIV disease outcome
Nat Immunol
2019
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31209403
Multiple genome-wide studies have identified associations between outcome of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and polymorphisms in and around the gene encoding the HIV co-receptor CCR5, but the functional basis for the strongest of these associations, rs1015164A/G, is unknown. We found that rs1015164 marks variation in an activating transcription factor 1 binding site that controls expression of the antisense long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) CCR5AS. Knockdown or enhancement of CCR5AS expression resulted in a corresponding change in CCR5 expression on CD4(+) T cells. CCR5AS interfered with interactions between the RNA-binding protein Raly and the CCR5 3' untranslated region, protecting CCR5 messenger RNA from Raly-mediated degradation. Reduction in CCR5 expression through inhibition of CCR5AS diminished infection of CD4(+) T cells with CCR5-tropic HIV in vitro. These data represent a rare determination of the functional importance of a genome-wide disease association where expres
10.1038/s41590-019-0406-1
31209403
PMC6584055
3' Untranslated Regions Alleles Biomarkers CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/metabolism/virology Cell Membrane/metabolism *Gene Expression Regulation Genes, Reporter *Genetic Variation Genotype HIV Infections/*genetics/metabolism/*virology *hiv-1 Humans Linkage Disequilibrium Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide Population Groups/genetics Prognosis RNA Stability RNA, Antisense/*genetics RNA, Long Noncoding/*genetics RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism Receptors, CCR5/*genetics/metabolism Viral Load
Kulkarni S, Lied A, Kulkarni V, Rucevic M, Martin MP, Walker-Sperling V, Anderson SK, Ewy R, Singh S, Nguyen H, McLaren PJ, Viard M, Naranbhai V, Zou C, Lin Z, Gatanaga H, Oka S, Takiguchi M, Thio CL, Margolick J, Kirk GD, Goedert JJ, Hoots WK, Deeks SG, Haas DW, Michael N, Walker B, Le Gall S, Chowdhury FZ, Yu XG, Carrington M (2019). CCR5AS lncRNA variation differentially regulates CCR5, influencing HIV disease outcome. Nat Immunol, 20(7), 824-834. PMC6584055
Journal Article
A quantitative approach for measuring the reservoir of latent HIV-1 proviruses
Nature
2019
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30700913
A stable latent reservoir for HIV-1 in resting CD4(+) T cells is the principal barrier to a cure(1-3). Curative strategies that target the reservoir are being tested(4,5) and require accurate, scalable reservoir assays. The reservoir was defined with quantitative viral outgrowth assays for cells that release infectious virus after one round of T cell activation(1). However, these quantitative outgrowth assays and newer assays for cells that produce viral RNA after activation(6) may underestimate the reservoir size because one round of activation does not induce all proviruses(7). Many studies rely on simple assays based on polymerase chain reaction to detect proviral DNA regardless of transcriptional status, but the clinical relevance of these assays is unclear, as the vast majority of proviruses are defective(7-9). Here we describe a more accurate method of measuring the HIV-1 reservoir that separately quantifies intact and defective proviruses. We show that the dynamics of cells that
10.1038/s41586-019-0898-8
30700913
PMC6447073
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology/*virology Carrier State/therapy/*virology Cell Line DNA, Viral/analysis/genetics Defective Viruses/genetics/*isolation & purification/physiology HIV Infections/therapy/*virology HIV-1/genetics/*isolation & purification/physiology Humans Lymphocyte Activation Polymerase Chain Reaction Proviruses/genetics/*isolation & purification/physiology *Virus Latency
Bruner KM, Wang Z, Simonetti FR, Bender AM, Kwon KJ, Sengupta S, Fray EJ, Beg SA, Antar AAR, Jenike KM, Bertagnolli LN, Capoferri AA, Kufera JT, Timmons A, Nobles C, Gregg J, Wada N, Ho YC, Zhang H, Margolick JB, Blankson JN, Deeks SG, Bushman FD, Siliciano JD, Laird GM, Siliciano RF (2019). A quantitative approach for measuring the reservoir of latent HIV-1 proviruses. Nature, 566(7742), 120-125. PMC6447073
Journal Article
Could excess body weight be good for cognitive health in chronic HIV infection?
Neurology
2019
Jul 16
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31201293
Cognitive health in HIV-infected persons continues to be an important area of investigation, especially as the HIV epidemic is aging. Understanding the factors that may contribute to, or guard against, cognitive decline in the aging HIV population is necessary to develop and evaluate treatments that improve outcomes and reduce elderly dementia risk. In this issue of Neurology®, a complex study1 focusing on men's cognitive health using data from the prospective Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) shows established but also unexpected relationships among midlife adiposity, and waist circumference, HIV status, and 10-year trajectory of cognitive performance.
10.1212/WNL.0000000000007769
31201293
*Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Adiposity Body Weight Cognition *Cognitive Dysfunction Cohort Studies *HIV Infections Humans Prospective Studies
Cysique LA, Messinis L, Albert SM (2019). Could excess body weight be good for cognitive health in chronic HIV infection?. Neurology, 93(3), 95-96.
Journal Article
Impaired insulin sensitivity is associated with worsening cognition in HIV-infected patients
Neurology
2019
Mar 19
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30787163
OBJECTIVE: To determine the association of insulin sensitivity and metabolic status with declining cognition in HIV-infected individuals. METHODS: We conducted targeted clinical and metabolic measures in longitudinal plasma samples obtained from HIV-infected patients enrolled in the Central Nervous System HIV Anti-Retroviral Therapy Effects Research Study (CHARTER). Findings were validated with plasma samples from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Patients were grouped according to longitudinally and serially assessed cognitive performance as having stably normal or declining cognition. RESULTS: Patients with declining cognition exhibited baseline hyperinsulinemia and elevated plasma c-peptide levels with normal c-peptide/insulin ratios, suggesting that insulin production was increased, but insulin clearance was normal. The association of hyperinsulinemia with worsening cognition was further supported by low high-density lipoprotein (HDL), high low-density lipoprotein/HDL ratio
10.1212/WNL.0000000000007125
30787163
PMC6511093
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use C-Peptide/blood Case-Control Studies *Cognition/physiology Cognitive Dysfunction/*blood Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/*blood/drug therapy/*psychology Humans Hyperinsulinism/blood/psychology *Insulin Resistance Lipoproteins/blood Male Middle Aged
Khuder SS, Chen S, Letendre S, Marcotte T, Grant I, Franklin D, Rubin LH, Margolick JB, Jacobson LP, Sacktor N, D'Souza G, Stosor V, Lake JE, Rapocciolo G, McArthur JC, Dickens AM, Haughey NJ (2019). Impaired insulin sensitivity is associated with worsening cognition in HIV-infected patients. Neurology, 92(12), e1344-e1353. PMC6511093
Journal Article
Midlife adiposity predicts cognitive decline in the prospective Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
Neurology
2019
Jul 16
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31201294
OBJECTIVE: Obesity is a common, modifiable cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk factor. Among people with HIV, obesity may contribute to multisystem dysregulation including cognitive impairment. We examined body mass index (BMI) and central obesity (waist circumference [WC]) in association with domain-specific cognitive function and 10-year cognitive decline in men with HIV infection (MWH) vs HIV-uninfected (HIV-) men. METHODS: A total of 316 MWH and 656 HIV- Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study participants >/=40 years at baseline, with neuropsychological testing every 2 years and concurrent BMI and WC measurements, were included. MWH were included if taking >/=2 antiretroviral agents and had HIV-1 RNA <400 copies/mL at >80% of visits. Mixed-effects models included all visits from 1996 to 2015, stratified by HIV serostatus, and adjusted for sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics. At baseline and follow-up, 8% of MWH and 15% of HIV- men and 41% of MWH and 56% of HIV- me
10.1212/WNL.0000000000007779
31201294
PMC6656644
Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Attention Body Mass Index Case-Control Studies Cognitive Dysfunction/*epidemiology HIV Infections/*epidemiology Humans Male Memory, Short-Term Middle Aged Movement Obesity/epidemiology Obesity, Abdominal/*epidemiology Waist Circumference
Rubin LH, Gustafson D, Hawkins KL, Zhang L, Jacobson LP, Becker JT, Munro CA, Lake JE, Martin E, Levine A, Brown TT, Sacktor N, Erlandson KM (2019). Midlife adiposity predicts cognitive decline in the prospective Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Neurology, 93(3), e261-e271. PMC6656644
Journal Article
Changes in cognition precede changes in HRQoL among HIV+ males: Longitudinal analysis of the multicenter AIDS cohort study
Neuropsychology
2019
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30816783
OBJECTIVES: Despite treatment-related improvements in morbidity and mortality, HIV-1-infected (HIV+) individuals continue to face a wide range of HIV-associated medical and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Little is known about the impact of cognitive impairment on patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL). To address this, the current study examined the longitudinal relationship between cognitive functioning and HRQoL among HIV+ individuals. METHOD: The sample consisted of 1,306 HIV+ men enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Participants received biannual assessments of cognitive functioning (including tests of processing speed, executive functioning, attention/working memory, motor functioning, learning, and memory) and completed questionnaires assessing HRQoL and depression. Multilevel models were used to examine the longitudinal and cross-lagged relationship between HRQoL and cognition, independent of depression and HIV disease severity. RESULTS: There was a
10.1037/neu0000530
30816783
PMC6666308
Adult Attention/physiology Cognition/*physiology Cognitive Dysfunction/*diagnosis/etiology/psychology Executive Function/physiology HIV Seropositivity/complications/*psychology Humans Male Memory/physiology Middle Aged Neuropsychological Tests Quality of Life/*psychology Surveys and Questionnaires
Jones JD, Kuhn T, Levine A, Sacktor N, Munro CA, Teplin LA, D'Souza G, Martin EM, Becker JT, Miller EN, Hinkin CH (2019). Changes in cognition precede changes in HRQoL among HIV+ males: Longitudinal analysis of the multicenter AIDS cohort study. Neuropsychology, 33(3), 370-378. PMC6666308
Journal Article
Olive Oil Intake Associated with Increased Attention Scores in Women Living with HIV: Findings from the Chicago Women's Interagency HIV Study
Nutrients
2019
Jul 31
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31370174
Women aging with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are particularly vulnerable to cognitive decline. Recent studies have highlighted the potential protective effects of olive oil on cognition in persons living without HIV. We sought to evaluate the association between olive oil consumption and domain-specific cognitive performance (dCog) t-scores (adjusted for age, race, education, reading level, practice effects) in women living with HIV (WLWH) and sociodemographically similar women living without HIV. A total of 166 women (113 WLWH and 53 women living without HIV) participating in the Cook County Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) completed cognitive testing and a Block 2014 Food Frequency Questionnaire within 18 months. Use of olive oil was associated with a 4.2 point higher attention/concentration (p = 0.02), 4.0 point higher for verbal learning (p = 0.02), and 1.91 point higher for verbal memory (p = 0.05). Associations between using olive oil and attention/concentration cognit
10.3390/nu11081759
31370174
PMC6723078
Adult Attention/*drug effects Case-Control Studies Chicago/epidemiology Cohort Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Female HIV Infections/epidemiology/*pathology Humans Middle Aged *Olive Oil Hiv attention cognition olive oil women
Warrior L, Weber KM, Daubert E, Morris MC, Agarwal P, Koralnik IJ, French AL (2019). Olive Oil Intake Associated with Increased Attention Scores in Women Living with HIV: Findings from the Chicago Women's Interagency HIV Study. Nutrients, 11(8), . PMC6723078
Journal Article
Effects of Integrase Strand-Transfer Inhibitor Use on Lipids, Glycemic Control, and Insulin Resistance in the Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS)
Open Forum Infect Dis
2019
Oct 23
https://academic.oup.com/ofid/article/6/Supplement_2/S38/5604538
Background Integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI)-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) is recommended first-line HIV treatment. We recently demonstrated increased weight gain associated with INSTI use among women living with HIV (WLH) enrolled in the Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), raising concern for cardiometabolic consequences. We, therefore, evaluated the effects of INSTI use on lipids, insulin resistance, and glycemic control in WLH. Methods Data from 2008 to 2017 were analyzed from WLH enrolled in WIHS. Women who switched to or added an INSTI to ART (SWAD group) were compared with women who remained on non-INSTI ART (STAY group). Outcomes included changes in fasting total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides (TG), and glucose; hemoglobin A1c; and incident insulin resistance (defined as homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA] score ≥2). Outcomes were measured 6–12 months before and 6–18 months af
10.1093/ofid/ofz359.082
PMC6808914
Amalia Aldredge, Cecile D Lahiri, Nathan A Summers, C Christina Mehta, Christine D Angert, Anne Marie Kerchberger, Sheri Weiser, Deborah Konkle-Parker, Anjali Sharma, Adaora A Adimora, Hector Bolivar, Audrey L French, Elizabeth T Golub, Seble Kassaye, Deborah Gustafson, Igho Ofotokun, Anandi N Sheth (2019). Effects of Integrase Strand-Transfer Inhibitor Use on Lipids, Glycemic Control, and Insulin Resistance in the Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). Open Forum Infect Dis, 6(Supplement_2), S38-S38. PMC6808914
Journal Article
High Kynurenine:Tryptophan Ratio Is Associated With Liver Fibrosis in HIV-Monoinfected and HIV/Hepatitis C Virus-Coinfected Women
Open Forum Infect Dis
2019
Jun 11
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31304190
Background: Tryptophan catabolism, measured by the kynurenine:tryptophan (kyn/trp) ratio, is associated with gut microbiota alterations in people with HIV (PWH). We examined the association of the kyn/trp ratio with liver fibrosis in women with/without HIV infection. Methods: The plasma kyn/trp ratio was measured in 137 HIV-monoinfected, HIV/hepatitis C virus (HCV)-coinfected, and uninfected women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Fibrosis was estimated using FIB-4 in all participants and vibration-controlled transient elastography liver stiffness measurement (LSM) in a subset (n = 83). We used multivariable linear regression to evaluate the associations of infection status and kyn/trp ratio with relative differences in fibrosis estimates. Results: The median kyn/trp ratio (interquartile range) was 0.056 (0.045-0.066) in HIV/HCV-coinfected, 0.038 (0.032-0.046) in HIV-monoinfected, and 0.031 (0.025-0.034) in uninfected women (P < .001). After adjustment for sociodemographic, lifesty
10.1093/ofid/ofz281
31304190
PMC6612851
HIV/HCV coinfection kyn/trp ratio liver fibrosis
Kardashian A, Ma Y, Yin MT, Scherzer R, Nolan O, Aweeka F, Tien PC, Price JC (2019). High Kynurenine:Tryptophan Ratio Is Associated With Liver Fibrosis in HIV-Monoinfected and HIV/Hepatitis C Virus-Coinfected Women. Open Forum Infect Dis, 6(7), ofz281. PMC6612851
Journal Article
Recent Trends and Effectiveness of Antiretroviral Regimens Among Men Who Have Sex With Men Living With HIV in the United States: The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) 2008-2017
Open Forum Infect Dis
2019
Jul 16
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31660409
Objective: We evaluated trends and population effectiveness (tolerability, HIV suppression) of current combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) regimens mindful of treatment guidelines. Method: Trend analyses included 18 017 person-visits (1457 men) on cART during 2008-2017 in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Effectiveness analyses of current regimens used 3598 person-visit-pairs (745 men) on cART in 2014-2017. Inverse-probability-of-treatment-and-censoring weighted Poisson regression with robust variances was used to evaluate the association between regimens and switching, adherence and HIV RNA <20 copies/mL. Results: Integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI)-based regimen usage has increased since 2008. Almost 90% of cART initiators started with INSTI-cART in 2016-2017; cART adherence was stable around 90% and 83%-85% suppressed virus (<20 cp/mL). Commonly used regimens in 2014-2017 contained disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) backbone with efavirenz (EFV, n = 1161 pers
10.1093/ofid/ofz333
31660409
PMC6798255
IPTC weighted model cART effectiveness guidelines trend
Li X, Brown TT, Ho KS, Witt MD, Phair J, Jacobson LP (2019). Recent Trends and Effectiveness of Antiretroviral Regimens Among Men Who Have Sex With Men Living With HIV in the United States: The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) 2008-2017. Open Forum Infect Dis, 6(9), ofz333. PMC6798255
Journal Article
Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin Levels Are Inversely Associated With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in HIV-Infected and -Uninfected Men
Open Forum Infect Dis
2019
Nov 6
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32128321
Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a leading cause of liver disease worldwide. Elevated sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels have been observed in the setting of HIV and may protect against some metabolic disorders. We aimed to investigate whether higher SHBG levels may protect against NAFLD in men with/without HIV. Methods: NAFLD was assessed using noncontrast computed tomography in 530 men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) who drank <3 alcoholic drinks/d and were uninfected with chronic hepatitis C or B (340HIV+, 190HIV-). Morning serum samples were tested for SHBG, total testosterone (TT), and adiponectin. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess associations between HIV, SHBG, TT, adiponectin, and NAFLD. Results: Median SHBG was highest among HIV+/NAFLD- men and lowest among HIV-/NAFLD+ men. Adjusted for demographics, HIV, visceral adiposity, HOMA-IR, TT, and PNPLA3 genotype, higher SHBG was associated with lower odds of NAFLD (odds
10.1093/ofid/ofz188
32128321
PMC7047947
Hiv Nafld Shbg fatty liver testosterone
Price JC, Wang R, Seaberg EC, Brown TT, Budoff MJ, Kingsley LA, Palella FJ Jr, Witt MD, Post WS, Lake JE, Thio CL (2019). Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin Levels Are Inversely Associated With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in HIV-Infected and -Uninfected Men. Open Forum Infect Dis, 6(12), ofz468. PMC7047947
Journal Article
Efficient HIV-1 Trans Infection of CD4(+) T Cells Occurs in the Presence of Antiretroviral Therapy
Open Forum Infect Dis
2019
May 26
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31304185
Background: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has dramatically improved the quality of life of people with HIV-1 infection (PWH). However, it is not curative, and interruption of ART results in rapid viral rebound. Cell-to-cell transfer of HIV-1, or trans infection, is a highly efficient mechanism of virus infection of CD4(+) T cells by professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs), that is, dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, and B lymphocytes. Methods: APC from HIV seronegative donors treated with ART in vitro (CCR5 agonist, NRTI, PI and NNRTI, alone or in combination), were loaded with HIV R5-tropic HIVBal and mixed with autologous or heterologous CD4(+) T lymphocytes to assess trans infection. Ex vivo APC from chronic HIV-infected MACS participants before and after initiation of ART, were also loaded with HIV R5-tropic HIVBal and tested for trans infection against autologous or heterologous CD4(+) T lymphocytes. Virus replication was measured by p24 ELISA. Results: Here we show in vitro
10.1093/ofid/ofz188
31304185
PMC6613953
Art B lymphocytes Hiv antigen-presenting cells dendritic cells trans infection
Rappocciolo G, Sluis-Cremer N, Rinaldo CR (2019). Efficient HIV-1 Trans Infection of CD4(+) T Cells Occurs in the Presence of Antiretroviral Therapy. Open Forum Infect Dis, 6(7), ofz253. PMC6613953
Journal Article
Greater IL-6, D-dimer, and ICAM-1 Levels Are Associated With Lower Small HDL Particle Concentration in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
Open Forum Infect Dis
2019
Nov 13
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32128324
Objective: Low HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) is common in people living with HIV infection, which is associated with inflammation, and correlates with greater cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Particles of HDL are HDL subfractions, and in some general population studies, higher small HDL particle number (HDL-P) has been associated with lower CVD risk. The objective of this study was to determine whether HIV serostatus and systemic inflammation were associated with small HDL-P in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Method: The MACS is composed of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected men. Separate linear regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the associations between outcomes (small HDL-P, large HDL-P, total HDL-P, and HDL size) and variables of interest (interleukin-6 [IL-6], D-dimer, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 [ICAM-1] levels), with adjustment for other CVD risk factors. Results: The study population included 553 HIV-infected (88.1% on current ART) and 319 HIV-uninfected
10.1093/ofid/ofz188
32128324
PMC7047959
Hdl-c inflammation lipoprotein particles
Sarkar S, Haberlen S, Whelton S, E Schneider E, Kingsley L, Palella F, Witt MD, Kelesidis T, Rodriguez A, Post WS, Brown TT (2019). Greater IL-6, D-dimer, and ICAM-1 Levels Are Associated With Lower Small HDL Particle Concentration in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Open Forum Infect Dis, 6(12), ofz474. PMC7047959
Journal Article
Estimating the incidence and diagnosed proportion of HIV infections in Japan: a statistical modeling study
PeerJ
2019
Jan 15
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30671310
Background: Epidemiological surveillance of HIV infection in Japan involves two technical problems for directly applying a classical backcalculation method, i.e., (i) all AIDS cases are not counted over time and (ii) people diagnosed with HIV have received antiretroviral therapy, extending the incubation period. The present study aimed to address these issues and estimate the HIV incidence and the proportion of diagnosed HIV infections, using a simple statistical model. Methods: From among Japanese nationals, yearly incidence data of HIV diagnoses and patients with AIDS who had not previously been diagnosed as HIV positive, from 1985 to 2017, were analyzed. Using the McKendrick partial differential equation, general convolution-like equations were derived, allowing estimation of the HIV incidence and the time-dependent rate of diagnosis. A likelihood-based approach was used to obtain parameter estimates. Results: Assuming that the median incubation period was 10.0 years, the cumulative
10.1093/ofid/ofz188
30671310
PMC6338104
Ascertainment Epidemic Forecasting Opportunistic infection Outbreak Statistical estimation Statistical model Test and treat
H. Nishiura (2019). Estimating the incidence and diagnosed proportion of HIV infections in Japan: a statistical modeling study. PeerJ, 7(), e6275. PMC6338104
Journal Article
Association between Use of Methadone, Other Central Nervous System Depressants, and QTc Interval-Prolonging Medications and Risk of Mortality in a Large Cohort of Women Living with or at Risk for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Pharmacotherapy
2019
Aug 13
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31332819
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between use of methadone, other central nervous system (CNS) depressants, and QTc interval-prolonging medications and risk of mortality among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and at-risk HIV-uninfected women. DESIGN: Multicenter, prospective, observational cohort study (Women's Interagency HIV Study [WIHS]). PARTICIPANTS: A total of 4150 women enrolled in the WIHS study between 1994 and 2014 who were infected (3119 women) or not infected (1031 women) with HIV. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Data on medication utilization were collected from all study participants via interviewer-administered surveys at 6-month intervals (1994-2014). Mortality was confirmed by National Death Index data. With age defining the time scale for the analysis, Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause mortality in HIV-infected and -uninfected women and non-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) deaths in HI
10.1093/ofid/ofz188
31332819
PMC7000174
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/mortality Adolescent Adult Aged Benzodiazepines/adverse effects CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cause of Death Central Nervous System Depressants/*adverse effects Depression/epidemiology Electrocardiography/drug effects Female HIV Infections/*epidemiology/mortality Hemoglobins/analysis Humans Kidney Function Tests Long QT Syndrome/*chemically induced/*epidemiology/mortality Methadone/*adverse effects Middle Aged Mortality/*trends Proportional Hazards Models Prospective Studies Risk Factors Serum Albumin/analysis Sexual Behavior Socioeconomic Factors Substance Abuse, Intravenous/epidemiology Tobacco Smoking/epidemiology Viral Load Young Adult *HIV infections *arrhythmias cardiac *benzodiazepines *central nervous system depressants *methadone *mortality
Tamraz B, Reisner L, French AL, King ST, Fischl MA, Ofotokun I, Kashuba A, Milam J, Murphy K, Augenbraun M, Liu C, Finley PR, Aouizerat B, Cocohoba J, Gange S, Bacchetti P, Greenblatt RM (2019). Association between Use of Methadone, Other Central Nervous System Depressants, and QTc Interval-Prolonging Medications and Risk of Mortality in a Large Cohort of Women Living with or at Risk for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. Pharmacotherapy, 39(9), 899-911. PMC7000174
Journal Article
Food insecurity and violence in a prospective cohort of women at risk for or living with HIV in the U.S
PLoS One
2019
Mar 6
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30840700
BACKGROUND: Food insecurity and violence are two major public health issues facing U.S. women. The link between food insecurity and violence has received little attention, particularly regarding the temporal ordering of events. The present study used data from the Women's Interagency Human Immunodeficiency Virus Study to investigate the longitudinal association of food insecurity and violence in a cohort of women at risk for or living with HIV. METHODS: Study participants completed six assessments from 2013-16 on food insecurity (operationalized as marginal, low, and very low food security) and violence (sexual or physical, and psychological). We used multi-level logistic regression, controlling for visits (level 1) nested within individuals (level 2), to estimate the association of experiencing violence. RESULTS: Among 2,343 women (8,528 visits), we found that victims of sexual or physical violence (odds ratio = 3.10; 95% confidence interval: 1.88, 5.19) and psychological violence (od
10.1093/ofid/ofz188
30840700
PMC6402690
Adult Cohort Studies Female *Food Supply HIV Infections/*psychology Humans Longitudinal Studies Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis Odds Ratio Poverty/psychology Prospective Studies Risk Factors United States *Violence
Conroy AA, Cohen MH, Frongillo EA, Tsai AC, Wilson TE, Wentz EL, Adimora AA, Merenstein D, Ofotokun I, Metsch L, Kempf MC, Adedimeji A, Turan JM, Tien PC, Weiser SD (2019). Food insecurity and violence in a prospective cohort of women at risk for or living with HIV in the U.S. PLoS One, 14(3), e0213365. PMC6402690
Journal Article
Genetic and clinical predictors of CD4 lymphocyte recovery during suppressive antiretroviral therapy: Whole exome sequencing and antiretroviral therapy response phenotypes
PLoS One
2019
Aug 15
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31415590
Increase of peripheral blood CD4 lymphocyte counts is a key goal of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART); most, but not all, recipients respond adequately and promptly. A small number of studies have examined specific genetic factors associated with the extent of CD4 recovery. We report a genome-wide examination of factors that predict CD4 recovery in HIV-infected women. We identified women in in a cohort study who were on cART with viral load below 400 copies, and drew racially and ethnically matched samples of those with good CD4 response over 2 years or poor response. We analyzed the exomes of those women employing next generation sequencing for genes associated with CD4 recovery after controlling for non-genetic factors identified through forward stepwise selection as important. We studied 48 women with good CD4 recovery and 42 with poor CD4 recovery during virologically-suppressive cART. Stepwise logistic regression selected only age as a statistically significant (p<0.05) non-g
10.1371/journal.pone.0219201
31415590
PMC6695188
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*pharmacology/therapeutic use CD4 Lymphocyte Count Female HIV Infections/blood/drug therapy/genetics/immunology Humans Male Middle Aged *Phenotype Treatment Outcome Viral Load/drug effects *Whole Exome Sequencing
Greenblatt R, Bacchetti P, Boylan R, Kober K, Springer G, Anastos K, Busch M, Cohen M, Kassaye S, Gustafson D, Aouizerat B (2019). Genetic and clinical predictors of CD4 lymphocyte recovery during suppressive antiretroviral therapy: Whole exome sequencing and antiretroviral therapy response phenotypes. PLoS One, 14(8), e0219201. PMC6695188
Journal Article
Impact of reproductive aging on the vaginal microbiome and soluble immune mediators in women living with and at-risk for HIV infection
PLoS One
2019
Apr 26
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31026271
BACKGROUND: Reproductive aging may impact the vaginal microbiome and genital tract mucosal immune environment and contribute to genital tract health in women living with and at-risk for HIV infection. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 102 HIV+ (51 premenopausal, 51 postmenopausal) and 39 HIV-uninfected (HIV-) (20 premenopausal, 19 postmenopausal) women was performed in Bronx and Brooklyn, NY. Cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) was collected for quantification of innate antimicrobial activity against E. coli, HSV-2 and HIV and immune mediators by Luminex and ELISA. Microbiome studies by qPCR and 16S rRNA sequencing were performed on vaginal swabs. RESULTS: HIV+ postmenopausal compared to premenopausal participants had lower median E. coli bactericidal activity (41% vs. 62%, p = 0.001), lower median gene copies of Lactobacillus crispatus (p = 0.005) and Lactobacillus iners (p = 0.019), lower proportions of Lactobacillus iners, higher proportions of Gardnerella and Atopobium vaginae and lower
10.1371/journal.pone.0216049
31026271
PMC6485713
Adult Aging/*physiology Escherichia coli/physiology Female HIV Infections/*immunology/*microbiology Humans Lactobacillus/physiology *Microbiota Middle Aged Postmenopause Premenopause Reproduction/*physiology Risk Factors Solubility Vagina/*microbiology Vaginal Douching Vaginosis, Bacterial/microbiology
Murphy K, Keller MJ, Anastos K, Sinclair S, Devlin JC, Shi Q, Hoover DR, Starkman B, McGillick J, Mullis C, Minkoff H, Dominguez-Bello MG, Herold BC (2019). Impact of reproductive aging on the vaginal microbiome and soluble immune mediators in women living with and at-risk for HIV infection. PLoS One, 14(4), e0216049. PMC6485713
Journal Article
HIV infection is an independent risk factor for decreased 6-minute walk test distance
PLoS One
2019
Apr 24
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31017909
BACKGROUND: Ambulatory function predicts morbidity and mortality and may be influenced by cardiopulmonary dysfunction. Persons living with HIV (PLWH) suffer from a high prevalence of cardiac and pulmonary comorbidities that may contribute to higher risk of ambulatory dysfunction as measured by 6-minute walk test distance (6-MWD). We investigated the effect of HIV on 6-MWD. METHODS: PLWH and HIV-uninfected individuals were enrolled from 2 clinical centers and completed a 6-MWD, spirometry, diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) and St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). Results of 6-MWD were compared between PLWH and uninfected individuals after adjusting for confounders. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to determine predictors of 6-MWD. RESULTS: Mean 6-MWD in PLWH was 431 meters versus 462 in 130 HIV-uninfected individuals (p = 0.0001). Older age, lower forced expiratory volume (FEV1)% or lower forced vital capacity (FVC)%, and smoking were significant p
10.1371/journal.pone.0212975
31017909
PMC6481785
Adult Carbon Monoxide/chemistry *Diagnostic Tests, Routine Female HIV/pathogenicity HIV Infections/*diagnosis/epidemiology/physiopathology/virology Humans Lung/*physiopathology/virology Male Middle Aged Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/*diagnosis/epidemiology/physiopathology/virology Risk Factors Smoking/adverse effects Surveys and Questionnaires Vital Capacity/physiology Walk Test
Robertson TE, Nouraie M, Qin S, Crothers KA, Kessinger CJ, McMahon D, Chandra D, Kingsley LA, Greenblatt RM, Huang L, Fitzpatrick ME, Morris A (2019). HIV infection is an independent risk factor for decreased 6-minute walk test distance. PLoS One, 14(4), e0212975. PMC6481785
Journal Article
Inflammatory biomarkers and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
PLoS One
2019
Apr 4
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30946765
BACKGROUND: HIV-infected persons have an increased risk of atherosclerosis relative to uninfected individuals. Inflammatory processes may contribute to this risk. We evaluated the associations of 10 biomarkers of systemic inflammation (CRP, IL-6, sTNF-alphaR1 and 2), monocyte activation (CCL2, sCD163, sCD14), coagulation (fibrinogen, D-dimer), and endothelial dysfunction (ICAM-1) with subclinical carotid atherosclerosis among participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). METHODS: Carotid plaque and intima media thickness (IMT) in the common carotid (CCA-IMT) and bifurcation region were assessed by B mode ultrasound among 452 HIV-infected and 276 HIV-uninfected men from 2010-2013. Associations between levels of each biomarker and presence of focal plaque and IMT were assessed by logistic and linear regression models, adjusting for demographics, risk behaviors, traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, and HIV disease characteristics. RESULTS: Compared to HIV-uni
10.1371/journal.pone.0214735
30946765
PMC6448851
Adult Aged Biomarkers/blood Carotid Artery Diseases/diagnostic imaging/*epidemiology/metabolism Cohort Studies HIV Infections/*complications Humans Male Middle Aged Regression Analysis
Subramanya V, McKay HS, Brusca RM, Palella FJ, Kingsley LA, Witt MD, Hodis HN, Tracy RP, Post WS, Haberlen SA (2019). Inflammatory biomarkers and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. PLoS One, 14(4), e0214735. PMC6448851
Journal Article
Elevated numbers of PD-L1 expressing B cells are associated with the development of AIDS-NHL
Sci Rep
2019
Jun 28
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31253857
The risk for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is markedly increased in persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and remains elevated in those on anti-retroviral therapy (cART). Both the loss of immunoregulation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infected cells, as well as chronic B-cell activation, are believed to contribute to the genesis of AIDS-related NHL (AIDS-NHL). However, the mechanisms that lead to AIDS-NHL have not been completely defined. A subset of B cells that is characterized by the secretion of IL10, as well as the expression of the programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1/CD274), was recently described. These PD-L1(+) B cells can exert regulatory function, including the dampening of T-cell activation, by interacting with the program cell death protein (PD1) on target cells. The role of PD-L1(+) B cells in the development of AIDS-NHL has not been explored. We assessed B cell PD-L1 expression on B cells preceding AIDS-NHL diagnosis in a nested case-control study
10.1038/s41598-019-45479-3
31253857
PMC6599055
Epeldegui M, Conti DV, Guo Y, Cozen W, Penichet ML, Martínez-Maza O (2019). Elevated numbers of PD-L1 expressing B cells are associated with the development of AIDS-NHL. Sci Rep, 9(1), 9371. PMC6599055
Journal Article
The Costs of Silencing the Self and Divided Self in the Context of Physical Abuse, Racial/Ethnic Identity, and Medication Adherence in Women Living with HIV
Sex Roles
2019
Oct 05
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11199-019-01086-0
Racial/ethnic minority status and physical abuse history are risk factors for higher mortality rates and lower adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in women living with HIV (WLWH) in the United States. The current study tested the hypotheses that minority status and physical abuse history might lead women to silence the self (minimize and hide thoughts and feelings in order to avoid relational conflict, loss, and/or abuse) as measured by the Silencing the Self Scale (STSS), and that STSS might mediate and moderate relationships of physical abuse and racial/ethnic minority status with ART adherence. Divided Self (DS; acting in ways inconsistent with inner thoughts and feelings), an STSS subscale, was targeted for study along with the total STSS score. Participants were 513 women from the U.S. Women’s Interagency HIV Study (Mage = 46; 387, 75%, Black; 66, 13%, Hispanic; 60, 12%, White). Multiple logistic regressions indicated that across all racial/ethnic groups, physical abuse hist
10.1007/s11199-019-01086-0
33311837
PMC7731516 
Divided Self; HIV; Silencing the Self; abuse; adherence; racial/ethnic
Dana Bruck-Segal, Rebecca M. Schwartz, Mardge H. Cohen, Kathleen M. Weber, Jane K. Burke-Miller, Seble Kassaye & Leslie R. Brody (2019). The Costs of Silencing the Self and Divided Self in the Context of Physical Abuse, Racial/Ethnic Identity, and Medication Adherence in Women Living with HIV. Sex Roles, 82(12-Nov), 716-730. PMC7731516 
Journal Article
Characterizing Experiences of Conversion Therapy Among Middle-Aged and Older Men Who Have Sex with Men from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS)
Sexuality Research and Social Policy
2019
Jun 26
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13178-019-00396-y
Conversion therapies are practices that attempt to change an individuals’ same-sex attractions through psychotherapeutic and aversive therapeutic techniques. Conversion therapies were developed based on homophobic beliefs that same-sex attractions are a mental illness. We sought to describe the prevalence and characteristics of conversion therapy experienced among middle-aged and older men who have sex with men in the USA. Given associations of homophobic stigma and HIV risk, we hypothesized that HIV-positive men would report higher odds of conversion therapy compared to HIV-negative men. We analyzed data from 1237 middle-aged and older men who have sex with men (MSM) enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Among participants, 17.7% reported lifetime conversion therapy, of which the average start of therapy age was 22.67 (sd = 10.56) years, 25.8% reported therapy durations of 6+ months, 37.7% reported session frequencies 1+ session per week, and 35.9% indicated that undergoing t
10.1007/s13178-019-00396-y
33281996
PMC7717625
Aging; Conversion Therapy; Gay and Bisexual Men; HIV; Stigma.
Steven P. Meanley, Ron D. Stall, Omar Dakwar, James E. Egan, Mackey R. Friedman, Sabina A. Haberlen, Chukwuemeka Okafor, Linda A. Teplin, Michael W. Plankey (2019). Characterizing Experiences of Conversion Therapy Among Middle-Aged and Older Men Who Have Sex with Men from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 17(2), 334-342. PMC7717625
Journal Article
Precarity and health: Theorizing the intersection of multiple material-need insecurities, stigma, and illness among women in the United States
Soc Sci Med
2019
Nov 16
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31760320
Material-need insecurities (including insecurities in basic resources such as income, food, housing, and healthcare) are widespread in the United States (US) and may be important predictors of poor health outcomes. How material-need insecurities besides food insecurity are experienced, however, remains under-researched, including how multiple material-need insecurities might intersect and converge on the individual. Here we used qualitative methods to investigate experiences with multiple material-need insecurities among 38 food-insecure women aged over 50 years living with or at risk for HIV in the US. Our aims were: (1) to understand the co-experience of material-need insecurities beyond food insecurity; (2) to elucidate how multiple material-need insecurities might intersect; and (3) to discover how this intersection might be detrimental to health. During November 2017-July 2018, we conducted semi-structured interviews at three sites across the US (Northern California, Georgia, Nort
10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112683
31760320
PMC7111434
*Disability *Food *Health insurance *Healthcare *Housing *Insecurity *Precarity *United States
Whittle HJ, Leddy AM, Shieh J, Tien PC, Ofotokun I, Adimora AA, Turan JM, Frongillo EA, Turan B, Weiser SD (2019). Precarity and health: Theorizing the intersection of multiple material-need insecurities, stigma, and illness among women in the United States. Soc Sci Med, 245(), 112683. PMC7111434
Journal Article
Effects of common genetic variants in tp53 and tlr8 on immune response and risk of cancer in people with hiv/aids
These and Disserations, Johns Hopkins University
2019
Aug-19
https://jscholarship.library.jhu.edu/handle/1774.2/62082
Thesis
Assessment of Research on Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) Among Sexual Minorities in the United States
Trauma Violence Abuse
2019
Oct 20
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31630642
Although sexual minority couples experience intimate partner violence (IPV) similar to or higher than heterosexual couples, not much attention has been given to LGBTQ couples. Using content analysis, this integrative review seeks to examine the state of scholarly literature regarding IPV among LGBTQ+ communities in the United States. For studies to be eligible for inclusion in this review, studies were required to focus on LGBTQ+ populations within the United States, published in English, involved violence between intimate partners, were the result of peer-reviewed, original research, and were published between years 2008 and 2018. Using SocIndex as the search database, a total of 46 peer-reviewed journal articles met the inclusion criteria. This study found that most studies employed quantitative research designs aiming to examine the statistical relationship between IPV and other variables by using surveys. Demographic information of the participants was mostly used as predictors of
10.1177/1524838019881732
31630642
Glbt domestic violence violence against
Kim C, Schmuhl M (2019). Assessment of Research on Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) Among Sexual Minorities in the United States. Trauma Violence Abuse, (), 1.52484E+15.
Journal Article
Semen Exosomes: Intrinsic Inhibitors of HIV-1 Infection
2018
2018
https://search.proquest.com/docview/2186631090?accountid=11752 http://findit.library.jhu.edu/resolve?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&genre=dissertations+%26+theses&sid=ProQ:ProQuest+Dissertations+%26+Theses+Global&atitle=&title=Semen+Exosomes%3A+Intrinsic+Inhibitors+of+HIV-1+Infection&issn=&date=2018-01-01&volume=&issue=&spage=&au=Welch%2C+Jennifer+Lynn&isbn=9780438871007&jtitle=&btitle=&rft_id=info:eric/&rft_id=info:doi/
Exosomes are cell-derived vesicles that circulate in bio-fluids and enclose cell-associated cargo, producing various consequences in intercellular communication and may contribute to microbial pathogenesis. Exosomes are similar in composition to enveloped viruses, making differentiation between exosomes and enveloped viruses difficult. Yet, exosomes and enveloped viruses may vary considerably in function. Exosomes produced from infected cells may incorporate viral material as they are simultaneously produced with viruses and depending upon the cargo, contribute to disease pathogenesis. Conversely, exosomes from uninfected cells may contribute to protection from infection. Exosomes from breast milk, vaginal fluid, and semen of healthy donors protect against HIV-1. The functional dichotomy of exosomes is unknown. Here, we focus on the function and physical qualities of exosomes found in semen (SE) and how these influence HIV-1. As semen is the major body fluid involved in HIV-1 transmiss
2186631090
Biological sciences ART-Naive ARV Exosomes HIV-1 Virology 0720:Virology
Thesis
Circulating Markers of Immune Activation and Inflammation and AIDS-Associated NonHodgkin Lymphoma in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS)
2018
https://escholarship.org/uc/item/61x473c9
Thesis
Robust Methods for Causal Inference Using Penalized Splines
2018
https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/147507/tkzhou_1.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Observational studies are important for evaluating treatment effects, especially when randomization of treatments is unethical or expensive. Without randomization, valid inferences about treatment effects can only be drawn by controlling for confounders. Propensity scores (PS) -- the probability of treatment assignment as a function of covariates -- are often used to control for confounders. PS-based methods are vulnerable to bias and inefficiency when outcome or propensity score models are misspecified or there is limited overlap in the propensity score distributions between treatment groups. In this dissertation, we develop new robust methods for estimating causal effects from observational studies and address two closely related topics on causal inference -- the problem of limited overlap and variable selection for propensity score model. In Chapter 2, we propose a robust multiple imputation based approach to causal inference called Penalized Spline of Propensity Methods for Treatme
causal inference, penalized spline, PENCOMP
Thesis
Longitudinal associations between food insecurity and substance use in a cohort of women with or at risk for HIV in the United States
Addiction
2018
Sep 25
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30109752
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Few longitudinal studies have examined the relationship between food insecurity and substance use. We aimed to investigate this relationship using longitudinal data among women with or at risk for HIV in the United States. DESIGN: Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), a prospective cohort study. SETTING: Nine sites across the United States. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 2553 women with or at risk for HIV. MEASUREMENTS: Semi-annual structured interviews were conducted during April 2013-March 2016. Food security (FS) was the primary predictor, measured using the Household Food Security Survey Module. Outcomes were: any illicit substance use except cannabis; licit or illicit cannabis use; stimulant use (crack, cocaine, or methamphetamine); opioid use (heroin or methadone in a non-prescribed way); and prescription drug misuse (prescription narcotics, amphetamines, or tranquilizers in a non-prescribed way) since the last visit. We used multivariable logistic regression with
10.1111/add.14418
30109752
PMC6516859
Adult Amphetamine-Related Disorders/epidemiology Cocaine-Related Disorders/epidemiology Cohort Studies Female Food Supply/*statistics & numerical data HIV Infections/*epidemiology Humans Logistic Models Longitudinal Studies Marijuana Use/*epidemiology Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis Opioid-Related Disorders/epidemiology Prospective Studies Risk Factors Substance-Related Disorders/*epidemiology United States/epidemiology *Drug use *hiv *food insecurity *mental health *substance use *women
Whittle HJ, Sheira LA, Frongillo EA, Palar K, Cohen J, Merenstein D, Wilson TE, Adedimeji A, Cohen MH, Adimora AA, Ofotokun I, Metsch L, Turan JM, Wentz EL, Tien PC, Weiser SD (2018). Longitudinal associations between food insecurity and substance use in a cohort of women with or at risk for HIV in the United States. Addiction, 114(1), 127-136. PMC6516859
Journal Article
Optimal metrics for identifying long term patterns of depression in older HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected men who have sex with men
Aging Ment Health
2018
Feb 9
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29424569
OBJECTIVES: Center of Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) provides a snapshot of symptom severity at a single point in time. However, the best way of using CES-D to classify long-term depression is unclear. METHOD: To identify long-term depression among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected 50+ year-old men who have sex with men (MSM) with at least 5 years of follow-up, we compared sensitivities and specificities of CES-D-based metrics (baseline CES-D; four consecutive CES-Ds; group-based trajectory models) thresholded at 16 and 20 to a clinician's evaluation of depression phenotype based on all available data including CES-D history, depression treatment history, drug use history, HIV disease factors, and demographic characteristics. RESULTS: A positive depressive phenotype prevalence was common among HIV-infected (prevalence = 33.1%) and HIV-uninfected MSM (prevalence = 23.2%). Compared to the depressive phenotype, trajectory models of CES-D>/=20 provided highest specificities a
10.1080/13607863.2017.1423037
29424569
PMC6085148
Aged Bisexuality/psychology Comorbidity Depression/*diagnosis/epidemiology Depressive Disorder/*diagnosis/epidemiology Follow-Up Studies HIV Infections/epidemiology/*psychology Homosexuality, Male/psychology Humans Male Middle Aged Psychiatric Status Rating Scales/*standards Reproducibility of Results Sensitivity and Specificity Sexual and Gender Minorities/*psychology/statistics & numerical data *Depression *HIV infection *sensitivity *specificity *validity
Armstrong NM, Surkan PJ, Treisman GJ, Sacktor NC, Irwin MR, Teplin LA, Stall RC, Jacobson LP, Abraham AG (2018). Optimal metrics for identifying long term patterns of depression in older HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected men who have sex with men. Aging Ment Health, 23(4), 507-514. PMC6085148
Journal Article
Vitamin D status and immune function reconstitution in HIV-infected men initiating therapy
AIDS
2018
15-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29547433
OBJECTIVE: Despite effective antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and durable viral suppression, many HIV-infected individuals still do not achieve CD4 cell count (CD4) normalization. Vitamin D has immunoregulatory functions, including inducing the development of T cells and higher levels may improve CD4 rebound. DESIGN: Longitudinal study of men from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study who virally suppressed following HAART initiation and had pre-HAART and post-HAART 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D measurements and repeated measures of CD4. METHODS: CD4 rebound was modeled using a nonlinear mixed effects model. We estimated the adjusted effect (adjusted for pre-HAART antiretroviral exposure, black race, age and CD4 at HAART initiation) of pre-HAART and post-HAART vitamin D metabolite levels on the rate of CD4 increase and final CD4 plateau. RESULTS: Among the 263 HIV-infected HAART initiators with pre-HAART vitamin D measurements, a 1-SD higher pre-HAART 25(OH)2D level was associated with a 9% faster
10.1097/QAD.0000000000001782
29547433
PMC5920746
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*administration & dosage Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/methods CD4 Lymphocyte Count HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*immunology Humans Immunologic Factors/*blood Longitudinal Studies Male Treatment Outcome Vitamin D/*blood
Abraham AG, Zhang L, Calkins K, Tin A, Hoofnagle A, Palella FJ Jr, Estrella MM, Jacobson LP, Witt MD, Kingsley LA, Brown TT (2018). Vitamin D status and immune function reconstitution in HIV-infected men initiating therapy. AIDS, 32(8), 1069-1076. PMC5920746
Journal Article
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma risk in adults living with HIV across five continents
AIDS
2018
28-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30234606
OBJECTIVE: To compare non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) incidence rates in adults who started antiretroviral therapy (ART) across the Asia-Pacific, South Africa, Europe, Latin, and North America. METHODS: We included cohort data of adults living with HIV who started ART after 1995 within the framework of the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) and the Collaboration of Observational HIV Epidemiological Research in Europe (COHERE). We used flexible parametric survival models to compare regional NHL rates at 2 years after ART start and to identify risk factors for NHL. RESULTS: We included 210 898 adults with 1.1 million person-years (pys) of follow-up and 1552 incident NHL cases (raw overall incidence rate 142/100 000 pys). After adjusting for age at ART start, first-line ART regimen, calendar period of ART start, and especially current CD4 cell count, NHL rates were similar across regions for most population groups. However, South African women remained at increased r
10.1097/QAD.0000000000002003
30234606
PMC6237186
Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Cohort Studies Female Geography Global Health HIV Infections/*complications Humans Incidence Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/*epidemiology Male Middle Aged Risk Factors Sex Factors Young Adult
AIDS-defining Cancer Project Working Group of IeDEA, COHERE in EuroCoord (2018). Non-Hodgkin lymphoma risk in adults living with HIV across five continents. AIDS, 32(18), 2777-2786. PMC6237186
Journal Article
Cancer burden attributable to cigarette smoking among HIV-infected people in North America
AIDS
2018
20-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29239891
OBJECTIVE: With combination-antiretroviral therapy, HIV-infected individuals live longer with an elevated burden of cancer. Given the high prevalence of smoking among HIV-infected populations, we examined the risk of incident cancers attributable to ever smoking cigarettes. DESIGN: Observational cohort of HIV-infected participants with 270 136 person-years of follow-up in the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design consortium. Among 52 441 participants, 2306 were diagnosed with cancer during 2000-2015. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Estimated hazard ratios and population-attributable fractions (PAF) associated with ever cigarette smoking for all cancers combined, smoking-related cancers, and cancers that were not attributed to smoking. RESULTS: People with cancer were more frequently ever smokers (79%) compared with people without cancer (73%). Adjusting for demographic and clinical factors, cigarette smoking was associated with increased risk of cancer overall [hazard
10.1097/QAD.0000000000001721
29239891
PMC5797998
Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Cigarette Smoking/*adverse effects Female Follow-Up Studies HIV Infections/*complications Humans Incidence Male Middle Aged Neoplasms/*epidemiology North America/epidemiology Prevalence Risk Factors Young Adult
Altekruse SF, Shiels MS, Modur SP, Land SR, Crothers KA, Kitahata MM, Thorne JE, Mathews WC, Fernández-Santos DM, Mayor AM, Gill JM, Horberg MA, Brooks JT, Moore RD, Silverberg MJ, Althoff KN, Engels EA (2018). Cancer burden attributable to cigarette smoking among HIV-infected people in North America. AIDS, 32(4), 513-521. PMC5797998
Journal Article
Blood biomarkers of expressed and inducible HIV-1
AIDS
2018
27-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29334544
OBJECTIVE: To define the relationships between molecular measures of viral persistence in blood (i.e., plasma viremia, cellular HIV-1 DNA, and mRNA) and expressed or inducible virus from resting CD4 T cells of individuals on suppressive antiretroviral therapy. DESIGN: We compared molecular measurements of HIV-1 in plasma and in uncultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to the levels of virions produced by either unstimulated or phorbol myristate acetate and ionomycin (PMA/iono)-stimulated PBMC or resting CD4 T cells from 21 donors on suppressive antiretroviral therapy. RESULTS: We found that unstimulated virion release from cultured resting CD4 T cells was positively correlated with the levels of plasma viremia in vivo (Spearman rho = 0.67, P = 0.0017). We also found that levels of both cellular HIV-1 DNA and unspliced HIV-1 mRNA per million uncultured PBMC were positively correlated with the levels of inducible virion release from both PMA/iono-stimulated PBMC (total HIV-1
10.1097/QAD.0000000000001748
29334544
PMC5854535
Adult Aged Anti-Retroviral Agents/*administration & dosage Biomarkers/*blood Cells, Cultured Cross-Sectional Studies DNA, Viral/*blood Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*virology Humans Ionomycin/metabolism Leukocytes, Mononuclear/virology Male Middle Aged RNA, Viral/*blood *Sustained Virologic Response Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/metabolism Virus Activation/drug effects
Cillo AR, Hong F, Tsai A, Irrinki A, Kaur J, Sloan DD, Follen M, Geleziunas R, Cihlar T, Win SS, Murry JP, Mellors JW (2018). Blood biomarkers of expressed and inducible HIV-1. AIDS, 32(6), 699-708. PMC5854535
Journal Article
NIHMS939297
A prospective study of serum microbial translocation biomarkers and risk of AIDS-related non-Hodgkin lymphoma
AIDS
2018
24-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29424776
BACKGROUND: Chronic immune activation is a harbinger of AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin lymphoma (AIDS-NHL), yet the underlying basis is unclear. Microbial translocation, the passage of microbial components from the gastrointestinal tract into the systemic circulation, is a source of systemic immune activation in HIV infection and may be an important contributor to chronic B-cell activation and subsequent AIDS-NHL development. METHOD: We measured biomarkers of microbial translocation including bacterial receptors/antibodies, intestinal barrier proteins, and macrophage activation-associated cytokines/chemokines, in serum from 200 HIV-infected men from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study prior to their AIDS-NHL diagnosis (mean = 3.9 years; SD = 1.6 years) and 200 controls. Controls were HIV-infected men who did not develop AIDS-NHL, individually matched to cases on CD4 T-cell count, prior antiretroviral drug use, and recruitment year into the cohort. RESULTS: Biomarkers of bacterial translocat
10.1097/QAD.0000000000001771
29424776
PMC5869109
Adult *Bacterial Translocation Biomarkers/*blood HIV Infections/*complications Humans Immunologic Factors/*blood *Lymphocyte Activation Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/*epidemiology Macrophage Activation Male Middle Aged Prospective Studies Risk Assessment Serum/*chemistry Young Adult
Epeldegui M, Magpantay L, Guo Y, Halec G, Cumberland WG, Yen PK, Macatangay B, Margolick JB, Rositch AF, Wolinsky S, Martinez-Maza O, Hussain SK (2018). A prospective study of serum microbial translocation biomarkers and risk of AIDS-related non-Hodgkin lymphoma. AIDS, 32(7), 945-954. PMC5869109
Journal Article
NIHMS939285
Physical function improvements with moderate or high-intensity exercise among older adults with or without HIV infection
AIDS
2018
23-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30134299
OBJECTIVE: Whether older people living with HIV (PLWH) can achieve similar functional benefits with exercise as their uninfected peers and the ideal intensity of exercise needed for these benefits are not known. DESIGN: Sedentary adults (50-75 years) with or without HIV were recruited for 24 weeks of supervised endurance/resistance exercise. After 12 weeks of moderate-intensity exercise, participants were randomized to continue moderate-intensity or advance to high-intensity exercise for an additional 12 weeks. METHODS: Outcomes by serostatus and exercise intensity (moderate, high) were compared using linear and mixed effects regression models and controlled for baseline values or week 12 values. RESULTS: A total of 32 PLWH and 37 controls were enrolled; 27 PLWH (12 moderate/15 high) and 29 controls (15 moderate/14 high) completed 24 weeks. PLWH had significantly poorer physical function across nearly all baseline measures. Both groups had significant improvements in all functional mea
10.1097/QAD.0000000000001984
30134299
PMC6170687
Aged *Aging Exercise Therapy/*methods Female HIV Infections/*complications Humans Male Middle Aged *Muscle Strength *Sedentary Behavior
Erlandson KM, MaWhinney S, Wilson M, Gross L, McCandless SA, Campbell TB, Kohrt WM, Schwartz R, Brown TT, Jankowski CM (2018). Physical function improvements with moderate or high-intensity exercise among older adults with or without HIV infection. AIDS, 32(16), 2317-2326. PMC6170687
Journal Article
NIHMS1506900
Pulmonary disease in HIV-infected adults in the era of antiretroviral therapy
AIDS
2018
28-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29194119
10.1097/QAD.0000000000001712
29194119
PMC5937696
Adult Anti-Retroviral Agents/*therapeutic use *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Asthma/complications/*epidemiology Cardiovascular Diseases/*epidemiology HIV Infections/*complications/*drug therapy Humans Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/complications/*epidemiology Risk Factors: HIV in the antiretroviral therapy era is characterized by multimorbidity and the frequent occurrence of HIV-associated non-AIDS chronic health conditions. Respiratory symptoms and chronic pulmonary diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and cardiopulmonary dysfunction, are among the conditions that may present in persons living with HIV. Tobacco smoking, which is disproportionately high among persons living HIV, strongly contributes to the risk of pulmonary disease. Additionally, features associated with and at times unique to HIV, including persistent inflammation, immune cell activation, oxidative stress, and dysbiosis, may also contribute. This review summarizes the avai
Fitzpatrick ME, Kunisaki KM, Morris A (2018). Pulmonary disease in HIV-infected adults in the era of antiretroviral therapy. AIDS, 32(3), 277-292. PMC5937696
Journal Article
Predicting diabetes risk among HIV-positive and HIV-negative women
AIDS
2018
28-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30289812
OBJECTIVE: To assess the performance of an adapted American Diabetes Association (ADA) risk score and the concise Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINRISC) for predicting type 2 diabetes development in women with and at risk of HIV infection. DESIGN: Longitudinal analysis of the Women's Interagency HIV Study. METHODS: The women's Interagency HIV Study is an ongoing prospective cohort study of women with and at risk for HIV infection. Women without prevalent diabetes and 3-year data on fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, self-reported diabetes medication use, and self-reported diabetes were included. ADA and FINRISC scores were computed at baseline and their ability to predict diabetes development within 3 years was assessed [sensitivity, specificity and area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) curve]. RESULTS: A total of 1111 HIV-positive (median age 41, 60% African American) and 454 HIV-negative women (median age 38, 63% African-American) were included. ADA sensitivity
10.1097/QAD.0000000000002017
30289812
PMC6673643
Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over *Decision Support Techniques Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*epidemiology Female HIV Infections/*complications Humans Longitudinal Studies Middle Aged Prospective Studies ROC Curve Risk Assessment Risk Factors
Galaviz KI, Schneider MF, Tien PC, Mehta CC, Ofotokun I, Colasanti J, Marconi VC, Palar K, Wingood G, Adimora AA, Alcaide M, Cohen MH, Gustafson D, Karim R, Konkle-Parker D, Merenstein D, Sharma A, Ali MK (2018). Predicting diabetes risk among HIV-positive and HIV-negative women. AIDS, 32(18), 2767-2775. PMC6673643
Journal Article
Abdominal fat depots, insulin resistance, and incident diabetes mellitus in women with and without HIV infection
AIDS
2018
31-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29794830
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the associations between visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) mass with homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and incidence of diabetes mellitus in women with and without HIV infection. DESIGN: Cross-sectional design for associations between abdominal fat and HOMA-IR; longitudinal design for associations between abdominal fat and incident diabetes. METHODS: We assessed associations between dual X-ray absorptiometry scan-derived VAT and SAT with HOMA-IR in a subsample from the Women's Interagency HIV Study (n = 226 with and n = 100 without HIV) using linear regression. We evaluated associations of VAT, SAT and HOMA-IR with incident diabetes mellitus using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: VAT mass was positively associated with log HOMA-IR in fully adjusted linear regression models stratified by HIV serostatus, including adjustment for SAT. During median follow-up of 10
10.1097/QAD.0000000000001873
29794830
PMC6084460
Abdominal Fat/*anatomy & histology Absorptiometry, Photon Adult Cross-Sectional Studies Diabetes Mellitus/*epidemiology Female HIV Infections/*complications Humans Incidence *Insulin Resistance Intra-Abdominal Fat/*anatomy & histology Longitudinal Studies Middle Aged
Glesby MJ, Hanna DB, Hoover DR, Shi Q, Yin MT, Tien PC, Cohen M, Anastos K, Sharma A (2018). Abdominal fat depots, insulin resistance, and incident diabetes mellitus in women with and without HIV infection. AIDS, 32(12), 1643-1650. PMC6084460
Journal Article
Carotid artery atherosclerosis is associated with mortality in HIV-positive women and men
AIDS
2018
23-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30102657
OBJECTIVE: Among people with HIV, there are few long-term studies of noninvasive ultrasound-based measurements of the carotid artery predicting major health events. We hypothesized that such measurements are associated with 10-year mortality in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) and Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), and that associations differ by HIV serostatus. DESIGN: Nested cohort study. METHODS: Participants without coronary heart disease underwent B-mode carotid artery ultrasound, with measurement of common carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT); carotid artery plaque (focal IMT > 1.5 mm) at six locations; and Young's modulus of elasticity, a measure of arterial stiffness. We examined all-cause mortality using Cox models, controlling for demographic, behavioral, cardiometabolic, and HIV-related factors. RESULTS: Among 1722 women (median age 40 years, 90% nonwhite, 71% HIV-positive) and 1304 men (median age 50, 39% nonwhite, 62% HIV-positive), 11% died during follow
10.1097/QAD.0000000000001972
30102657
PMC6170701
Adult Atherosclerosis/*mortality/*pathology Carotid Arteries/*pathology Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Carotid Stenosis/pathology Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/*complications Humans Male Middle Aged Prognosis Survival Analysis
Hanna DB, Moon JY, Haberlen SA, French AL, Palella FJ Jr, Gange SJ, Witt MD, Kassaye S, Lazar JM, Tien PC, Feinstein MJ, Kingsley LA, Post WS, Kaplan RC, Hodis HN, Anastos K (2018). Carotid artery atherosclerosis is associated with mortality in HIV-positive women and men. AIDS, 32(16), 2393-2403. PMC6170701
Journal Article
NIHMS1506903
Abdominal obesity, sarcopenia, and osteoporosis are associated with frailty in men living with and without HIV
AIDS
2018
19-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29794494
OBJECTIVE: The relationships between frailty and body composition in older adults with HIV infection are poorly understood. We sought to describe associations between frailty and measures of body composition among adult men with HIV and without HIV. DESIGN/METHODS: Men with and without HIV (age 50-69 years) in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) Bone Strength Substudy were included if evaluated for frailty (by Fried phenotype) and body composition [BMI, waist circumference, abdominal visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) adipose tissue, sarcopenia, and osteopenia/osteoporosis]. All participants with HIV infection were on antiretroviral therapy. Multivariate multinomial logistic regression models were used to determine associations of frailty with body composition. RESULTS: A total of 399 men, including 199 men with HIV and 200 men without HIV, both with median age 60 years, constituted our study population. Frailty prevalence was 16% (men with HIV) vs. 8% (men without HIV). HIV se
10.1097/QAD.0000000000001829
29794494
PMC6392465
Aged Frailty/*epidemiology HIV Infections/*complications Humans Male Middle Aged Obesity, Abdominal/*complications Osteoporosis/*complications Prevalence Sarcopenia/*complications
Hawkins KL, Zhang L, Ng DK, Althoff KN, Palella FJ Jr, Kingsley LA, Jacobson LP, Margolick JB, Lake JE, Brown TT, Erlandson KM (2018). Abdominal obesity, sarcopenia, and osteoporosis are associated with frailty in men living with and without HIV. AIDS, 32(10), 1257-1266. PMC6392465
Journal Article
Racial differences in human papilloma virus types amongst United States women with HIV and cervical precancer
AIDS
2018
28-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30234608
OBJECTIVE: Recent studies reported a lower human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) prevalence in cervical precancer among African American than Caucasian women in the general population. We assessed this relationship in women with HIV. DESIGN: Women living with or at risk for HIV in the Women's Interagency HIV Study were followed semi-annually with Pap tests, colposcopy/histology (if indicated), and collection of cervicovaginal lavage samples for HPV testing by PCR. Racial and ethnic groups were defined using genomic Ancestry Informative Markers (AIMs). RESULTS: Among 175 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3 or worse (CIN-3+), 154 were diagnosed in women with HIV. African American (27%) and Hispanic (37%) cases were significantly less likely than Caucasian (62%) women to test positive for HPV16 (P = 0.01). In multivariate logistic regression models, these associations remained significant for African Americans (odds ratio = 0.13; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.04-0.44; P = 0.001) but
10.1097/QAD.0000000000002005
30234608
PMC6499386
Adult African Americans Cervix Uteri/*pathology/*virology European Continental Ancestry Group Female *Genotype Genotyping Techniques HIV Infections/*complications Humans Longitudinal Studies Middle Aged Papanicolaou Test Papillomaviridae/*classification/isolation & purification Papillomavirus Infections/complications/epidemiology/*virology Polymerase Chain Reaction Precancerous Conditions/epidemiology/*virology Prevalence United States/epidemiology
Keller MJ, Burk RD, Massad LS, Eltoum IE, Hessol NA, Anastos K, Xie X, Minkoff H, Xue X, Reimers LL, Kuniholm M, DʼSouza G, Colie C, Aouizerat B, Palefsky JM, Strickler HD (2018). Racial differences in human papilloma virus types amongst United States women with HIV and cervical precancer. AIDS, 32(18), 2821-2826. PMC6499386
Journal Article
HIV RNA persists in rectal tissue despite rapid plasma virologic suppression with dolutegravir-based therapy
AIDS
2018
Sept 24
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30005011/
Objectives: Despite plasma virologic suppression with antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV persists in gut tissue. The objectives of this study were to compare plasma and rectal tissue HIV RNA dynamics and to assess relationships with dolutegravir (DTG) plasma and tissue concentrations. Design: A longitudinal cohort study of HIV-infected treatment-naïve individuals initiating DTG-based ART was conducted over 12 weeks with plasma and rectal tissue sampling (Clinicaltrials.gov:NCT02924389). Methods: HIV RNA and DTG concentrations were quantified in plasma and rectal tissue samples collected pre-ART (baseline) and post-ART at weeks 2, 6, and 12 using Abbott Real-Time HIV-1 assays and high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy, respectively. Relationships between rectal tissue RNA and DTG concentrations were modeled using binary logistic regression, controlling for repeated measures. Results: Twelve participants were enrolled: six (50.0%) women, nine (75.0%) black, med
10.1097/QAD.0000000000001945
30005011
PMC6200454
Lahiri CD, Brown NL, Ryan KJ, Acosta EP, Sheth AN, Mehta CC, Ingersoll J, Ofotokun I (2018). HIV RNA persists in rectal tissue despite rapid plasma virologic suppression with dolutegravir-based therapy. AIDS, 32(15), 2151-2159. PMC6200454
Journal Article
Metabolic health across the BMI spectrum in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected men
AIDS
2018
2-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28926404
OBJECTIVES: In the general population, metabolic health often declines as BMI increases. However, some obese individuals maintain metabolic health. HIV and antiretroviral therapy have been associated with metabolic disturbances. We hypothesized that HIV-infected (HIV) men on suppressive antiretroviral therapy experience less metabolic health than HIV-uninfected (HIV) men across all BMI categories. DESIGN/METHODS: In a cross-sectional analysis of 1018 HIV and 1092 HIV men enrolled in the multicenter AIDS cohort study, Poisson regression with robust variance determined associations between HIV serostatus and metabolic health prevalence (defined as meeting </=2 of 5 National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III metabolic syndrome criteria), adjusting for age, race, BMI category, smoking, and hepatitis C virus infection status. RESULTS: HIV men were younger (54 vs. 59 years) and had lower median BMI (25 vs. 27 kg/m). Nonobese HIV men had lower metabolic health prevalence
10.1097/QAD.0000000000001651
28926404
PMC5718950
Age Factors Aged *Body Mass Index Cross-Sectional Studies HIV Infections/*complications *Healthy Volunteers Humans Male Metabolic Diseases/*epidemiology Middle Aged Prevalence Prospective Studies
Lake JE, Li X, Palella FJ Jr, Erlandson KM, Wiley D, Kingsley L, Jacobson LP, Brown TT (2018). Metabolic health across the BMI spectrum in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected men. AIDS, 32(1), 49-57. PMC5718950
Journal Article
Neuropsychological phenotypes among men with and without HIV disease in the multicenter AIDS cohort study
AIDS
2018
31-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29762177
OBJECTIVE: Mild forms of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) remain prevalent in the combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) era. This study's objective was to identify neuropsychological subgroups within the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) based on the participant-based latent structure of cognitive function and to identify factors associated with subgroups. DESIGN: The MACS is a four-site longitudinal study of the natural and treated history of HIV disease among gay and bisexual men. METHODS: Using neuropsychological domain scores, we used a cluster variable selection algorithm to identify the optimal subset of domains with cluster information. Latent profile analysis was applied using scores from identified domains. Exploratory and posthoc analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with cluster membership and the drivers of the observed associations. RESULTS: Cluster variable selection identified all domains as containing cluster information except for W
10.1097/QAD.0000000000001865
29762177
PMC6082155
AIDS Dementia Complex/*pathology Adult Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use HIV Infections/*complications/drug therapy Humans Longitudinal Studies Male Middle Aged Neuropsychological Tests
Molsberry SA, Cheng Y, Kingsley L, Jacobson L, Levine AJ, Martin E, Miller EN, Munro CA, Ragin A, Sacktor N, Becker JT (2018). Neuropsychological phenotypes among men with and without HIV disease in the multicenter AIDS cohort study. AIDS, 32(12), 1679-1688. PMC6082155
Journal Article
The association of C-reactive protein with subclinical cardiovascular disease in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women
AIDS
2018
15-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29438198
OBJECTIVE: HIV is a cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor. However, CVD risk is often underestimated in HIV-infected women. C-reactive protein (CRP) may improve CVD prediction in this population. We examined the association of baseline plasma CRP with subclinical CVD in women with and without HIV. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. METHODS: A total of 572 HIV-infected and 211 HIV-uninfected women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study underwent serial high-resolution B-mode carotid artery ultrasonography between 2004 and 2013 to assess carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and focal carotid artery plaques. We used multivariable linear and logistic regression models to assess the association of baseline high (>/=3 mg/l) high-sensitivity (hs) CRP with baseline CIMT and focal plaques, and used multivariable linear and Poisson regression models for the associations of high hsCRP with CIMT change and focal plaque progression. We stratified our analyses by HIV status. RESULTS: Med
10.1097/QAD.0000000000001785
29438198
PMC5920777
Adult C-Reactive Protein/*analysis Cardiovascular Diseases/*diagnosis/*epidemiology Carotid Arteries/diagnostic imaging/pathology Carotid Intima-Media Thickness *Decision Support Techniques Female HIV Infections/*complications Humans Middle Aged Models, Statistical Retrospective Studies Risk Factors Sensitivity and Specificity Ultrasonography
Moran CA, Sheth AN, Mehta CC, Hanna DB, Gustafson DR, Plankey MW, Mack WJ, Tien PC, French AL, Golub ET, Quyyumi A, Kaplan RC, Ofotokun I (2018). The association of C-reactive protein with subclinical cardiovascular disease in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women. AIDS, 32(8), 999-1006. PMC5920777
Journal Article
NIHMS950484
Long-term kidney function, proteinuria, and associated risks among HIV-infected and uninfected men
AIDS
2018
19-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29561293
BACKGROUND: Factors affecting kidney function and proteinuria among HIV-positive (HIV+) and HIV-negative (HIV-) persons need better characterization. METHODS: We evaluated estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, ml/min per 1.73 m) changes, proteinuria prevalence (a urine protein-to-creatinine ratio of >/=0.2 at two consecutive visits) and associated factors among HIV+ and HIV- men. RESULTS: There were 917 HIV+ men receiving HAART, 159 HIV+ men not receiving HAART, and 1305 HIV- men seen from October 2003 to September 2014. Median annual eGFR change was -0.5, -0.8% for HIV+ and -0.3% for HIV- men (P < 0.001). Factors significantly (P < 0.05) associated with more than 3% annual eGFR decline were HAART receipt (but no specific antiretroviral drug), age more than 50, hypertension, diabetes, current smoking. Proteinuria existed in 14.9% of visit-pairs among HAART recipients, 5.8% among non-HAART recipients, and 1.9% among HIV- men, and was associated with subsequent annual more than 3%
10.1097/QAD.0000000000001807
29561293
PMC7406064
Adult Aged Anti-Retroviral Agents/adverse effects/*therapeutic use Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/adverse effects/methods Glomerular Filtration Rate HIV Infections/*complications/*drug therapy Humans Longitudinal Studies Male Middle Aged Prevalence Prospective Studies Proteinuria/*epidemiology Risk Factors Young Adult
Palella FJ Jr, Li X, Gupta SK, Estrella MM, Phair JP, Margolick JB, Detels R, Kingsley L, Jacobson LP (2018). Long-term kidney function, proteinuria, and associated risks among HIV-infected and uninfected men. AIDS, 32(10), 1247-1256. PMC7406064
Journal Article
Viremia copy-years and mortality among combination antiretroviral therapy-initiating HIV-positive individuals: how much viral load history is enough?
AIDS
2018
13-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30379686
OBJECTIVE: Ongoing HIV replication while receiving combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) may reduce survival. Viremia copy-years (VCY) has shown improved mortality risk prediction over single time-point viral load measures. However, the timing of a patient's viral load history most associated with later mortality has not been studied. Here we determined the optimal duration and temporality of viral load history for predicting mortality. DESIGN: Survival analysis among HIV-positive men who initiated cART in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (1995-2015). METHODS: VCY measures were derived from area-under-the-viral load-curve. The overall VCY based upon the complete post-cART viral load history was compared with 20 VCYs derived from viral loads assessed during different shorter time periods (the most recent 1-10 years and initial 1-10 years following cART initiation) for associations with mortality. RESULTS: Each 10-fold increase in VCYs based on the most recent 3-8 years was signific
10.1097/QAD.0000000000001986
30379686
PMC6535334
Adult Anti-Retroviral Agents/*therapeutic use *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*mortality/virology Humans Male Middle Aged Prognosis Prospective Studies Survival Analysis Time Factors *Viral Load Viremia/*drug therapy/*mortality/virology
Wang R, Haberlen SA, Palella FJ Jr, Mugavero MJ, Margolick JB, Macatangay BJC, Martínez-Maza O, Jacobson LP, Abraham AG (2018). Viremia copy-years and mortality among combination antiretroviral therapy-initiating HIV-positive individuals: how much viral load history is enough?. AIDS, 32(17), 2547-2556. PMC6535334
Journal Article
Chronic hepatitis C virus infection and subsequent HIV viral load among women with HIV initiating antiretroviral therapy
AIDS
2018
13-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29334550
OBJECTIVES: One in four persons living with HIV is coinfected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). Biological and behavioral mechanisms may increase HIV viral load among coinfected persons. Therefore, we estimated the longitudinal effect of chronic HCV on HIV suppression after ART initiation among women with HIV (WWH). DESIGN: HIV RNA was measured every 6 months among 441 WWH in the Women's Interagency HIV Study who initiated ART from 2000 to 2015. METHODS: Log-binomial regression models were used to compare the proportion of study visits with detectable HIV RNA between women with and without chronic HCV. Robust sandwich variance estimators accounted for within-person correlation induced by repeated HIV RNA measurements during follow-up. We controlled for confounding and selection bias (because of loss to follow-up and death) using inverse probability-of-exposure-and-censoring weights. RESULTS: One hundred and fourteen women (25%) had chronic HCV before ART initiation. Overall, the proportion
10.1097/QAD.0000000000001745
29334550
PMC6024258
Adult Anti-Retroviral Agents/*therapeutic use Female Follow-Up Studies HIV/*isolation & purification HIV Infections/*complications/*drug therapy Hepatitis C, Chronic/*complications Humans Longitudinal Studies Middle Aged Prospective Studies RNA, Viral/blood Treatment Outcome *Viral Load
Willis SJ, Cole SR, Westreich D, Edmonds A, Hurt CB, Albrecht S, Anastos K, Augenbraun M, Fischl M, French AL, Kalapila AG, Karim R, Peters MG, Plankey M, Seaberg EC, Tien PC, Adimora AA (2018). Chronic hepatitis C virus infection and subsequent HIV viral load among women with HIV initiating antiretroviral therapy. AIDS, 32(5), 653-661. PMC6024258
Journal Article
HIV disease and diabetes interact to affect brain white matter hyperintensities and cognition
AIDS
2018
24-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29794829
BACKGROUND: Since the onset of combination antiretroviral therapy use, the incidence of HIV-associated dementia and of HIV encephalitis has fallen dramatically. The present study investigates the extent of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) among individuals with HIV disease, and factors that predict their presence and their impact on psychomotor speed. METHODS: A total of 322 men participating in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (185 HIV-infected, age: 57.5 +/- 6.0) underwent MRI scans of the brain. T1-weighted magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo (MP-RAGE) and T2-weighted Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) images were obtained and processed using an automated method for identifying and measuring WMHs. WMH burden was expressed as the log10 transformed percentage of total white matter. RESULTS: There were no significant associations between WMHs and HIV disease. However, the extent of WMHs was predicted by age more than 60 (beta = 0.17), non-white race (beta = 0.14),
10.1097/QAD.0000000000001891
29794829
PMC6082131
Aged Aged, 80 and over Animals Brain/diagnostic imaging/*pathology Cognition Disorders/*epidemiology/pathology *Diabetes Complications HIV Infections/*complications Humans Incidence Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Middle Aged White Matter/*pathology
Wu M, Fatukasi O, Yang S, Alger J, Barker PB, Hetherington H, Kim T, Levine A, Martin E, Munro CA, Parrish T, Ragin A, Sacktor N, Seaberg E, Becker JT (2018). HIV disease and diabetes interact to affect brain white matter hyperintensities and cognition. AIDS, 32(13), 1803-1810. PMC6082131
Journal Article
NIHMS977003
Impact of glycemic status on longitudinal cognitive performance in men with and without HIV infection
AIDS
2018
24-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29746300
OBJECTIVES: To determine the relationship between glycemic status and cognitive performance in men living with HIV (MLWH) and without HIV infection. DESIGN: A prospective HIV/AIDS cohort study in four US cities between 1999 and 2016. METHODS: Glycemic status was categorized as normal glucose, impaired fasting glucose, controlled diabetes mellitus and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus at each semiannual visit. Cognitive performance was evaluated using nine neuropsychological tests which measure attention, constructional ability, verbal learning, executive functioning, memory and psychomotor speed. Linear mixed models were used to assess the association between glycemic status and cognition. RESULTS: Overall, 900 MLWH and 1149 men without HIV were included. MLWH had significantly more person-visits with impaired fasting glucose (52.1 vs. 47.9%) and controlled diabetes mellitus (58.2 vs. 41.8%) than men without HIV (P < 0.05). Compared with men with normal glucose, men with diabetes mellitus
10.1097/QAD.0000000000001842
29746300
PMC6731964
Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Cities/epidemiology *Cognition Cognitive Dysfunction/*epidemiology/pathology *Diabetes Complications HIV Infections/*complications Humans Longitudinal Studies Male Middle Aged Neuropsychological Tests Prospective Studies Risk Factors United States/epidemiology
Yang J, Jacobson LP, Becker JT, Levine A, Martin EM, Munro CA, Palella FJ, Lake JE, Sacktor NC, Brown TT (2018). Impact of glycemic status on longitudinal cognitive performance in men with and without HIV infection. AIDS, 32(13), 1849-1860. PMC6731964
Journal Article
Improved fracture prediction using different fracture risk assessment tool adjustments in HIV-infected women
AIDS
2018
31-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29762165
OBJECTIVES: A fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX) using clinical risk factors (CRFs) alone underestimates fracture risk in HIV-infected men. Our objective was to determine whether accuracy of FRAX would be improved by considering HIV as a cause of secondary osteoporosis, and further improved with addition of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry parameters in HIV-infected women. DESIGN: Subgroup analysis of Women's Interagency HIV Study. METHODS: We included 1148 women (900 HIV-infected and 248 uninfected) over age 40 with data to approximate FRAX CRFs and 10-year observational data for incident fragility fractures; 181 (20%) HIV-infected women had dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry data. Accuracy of FRAX was evaluated by the observed/estimated ratios of fracture in four models: CRFs alone; CRFs with HIV included as a cause of secondary osteoporosis; CRFs and femoral neck bone mineral density (FN BMD); and CRFs, FN BMD and trabecular bone score. RESULTS: FRAX using CRFs were less accurate in
10.1097/QAD.0000000000001864
29762165
PMC6126899
Absorptiometry, Photon Adult *Decision Support Techniques Female Fractures, Bone/*epidemiology HIV Infections/*complications Humans Middle Aged Osteoporosis/*complications/*epidemiology Prospective Studies Risk Assessment
Yang J, Sharma A, Shi Q, Anastos K, Cohen MH, Golub ET, Gustafson D, Merenstein D, Mack WJ, Tien PC, Nieves JW, Yin MT (2018). Improved fracture prediction using different fracture risk assessment tool adjustments in HIV-infected women. AIDS, 32(12), 1699-1706. PMC6126899
Journal Article
Prevalence, Comorbidity, and Correlates of Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders and Associations with HIV Risk Behaviors in a Multisite Cohort of Women Living with HIV
AIDS Behav
2018
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29460130
We used the World Health Organization's Composite International Diagnostic Interview to determine the prevalence, comorbidity, and correlates of lifetime and 12-month behavioral health disorders in a multisite cohort of 1027 women living with HIV in the United States. Most (82.6%) had one or more lifetime disorders including 34.2% with mood disorders, 61.6% with anxiety disorders, and 58.3% with substance use disorders. Over half (53.9%) had at least one 12-month disorder, including 22.1% with mood disorders, 45.4% with anxiety disorders, and 11.1% with substance use disorders. Behavioral health disorder onset preceded HIV diagnosis by an average of 19 years. In multivariable models, likelihood of disorders was associated with women's race/ethnicity, employment status, and income. Women with 12-month behavioral health disorders were significantly more likely than their counterparts to engage in subsequent sexual and substance use HIV risk behaviors. We discuss the complex physical and
10.1007/s10461-018-2051-3
29460130
PMC6153984
Adolescent Adult Anxiety Disorders/diagnosis/*epidemiology Cohort Studies Comorbidity Female HIV Infections/*epidemiology Humans Male Mental Disorders/diagnosis/epidemiology Middle Aged Mood Disorders/diagnosis/*epidemiology Prevalence *Risk-Taking Sexual Behavior Substance-Related Disorders/*epidemiology United States/epidemiology Mental illness Prevalence of behavioral health disorder Psychiatric epidemiology Substance use disorder Women living with HIV
Cook JA, Burke-Miller JK, Steigman PJ, Schwartz RM, Hessol NA, Milam J, Merenstein DJ, Anastos K, Golub ET, Cohen MH (2018). Prevalence, Comorbidity, and Correlates of Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders and Associations with HIV Risk Behaviors in a Multisite Cohort of Women Living with HIV. AIDS Behav, 22(10), 3141-3154. PMC6153984
Journal Article
Association Between Depressive Symptom Patterns and Clinical Profiles Among Persons Living with HIV
AIDS Behav
2018
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28593404
To describe patterns of depressive symptoms across 10-years by HIV status and to determine the associations between depressive symptom patterns, HIV status, and clinical profiles of persons living with HIV from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (N = 980) and Women's Interagency HIV Study (N = 1744). Group-based trajectory models were used to identify depressive symptoms patterns between 2004 and 2013. Multinomial logistic regressions were conducted to determine associations of depression risk patterns. A 3-group model emerged among HIV-negative women (low: 58%; moderate: 31%; severe: 11%); 5-groups emerged among HIV-positive women (low: 28%; moderate: 31%; high: 25%; decreased: 7%; severe: 9%). A 4-group model emerged among HIV-negative (low: 52%; moderate: 15%; high: 23%; severe: 10%) and HIV-positive men (low: 34%; moderate: 34%; high: 22%; severe: 10%). HIV+ women had higher odds for moderate (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.10, 95% CI 1.63-2.70) and severe (AOR 1.96, 95% CI 1.33-2.91)
10.1007/s10461-017-1822-6
28593404
PMC5720934
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use Cohort Studies Comorbidity Depression/*diagnosis/epidemiology/etiology/*psychology Female HIV Infections/complications/*drug therapy/epidemiology/*psychology Humans Logistic Models Longitudinal Studies Male Mass Screening Middle Aged Psychiatric Status Rating Scales Risk Factors United States/epidemiology Viral Load *Comorbidities *Depression *hiv *Longitudinal
Kelso-Chichetto NE, Okafor CN, Cook RL, Abraham AG, Bolan R, Plankey M (2018). Association Between Depressive Symptom Patterns and Clinical Profiles Among Persons Living with HIV. AIDS Behav, 22(5), 1411-1422. PMC5720934
Journal Article
Food Insecurity, Internalized Stigma, and Depressive Symptoms Among Women Living with HIV in the United States
AIDS Behav
2018
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29948333
Food insecurity, internalized HIV stigma, and depressive symptoms are independently associated with poor HIV outcomes. Food insecurity, stigma, and depression may be interrelated among women living with HIV (WLHIV). We hypothesized that food insecurity would be independently associated with internalized stigma and depressive symptoms among WLHIV in the United States (US), and would partially account for associations between stigma and depressive symptoms. We tested hypotheses using regression models and partial correlation analysis with cross-sectional data among 1317 WLHIV from the Women's Interagency HIV Study. In adjusted models, greater food insecurity was associated with internalized HIV stigma and depressive symptoms (all p < 0.05), exhibiting dose-response relationships. Food insecurity accounted for 23.2% of the total shared variance between depressive symptoms and internalized stigma. Food insecurity is associated with depressive symptoms and internalized HIV stigma among US W
10.1007/s10461-018-2164-8
29948333
PMC6209540
Adult Cross-Sectional Studies Depression/diagnosis/*psychology Female *Food Supply HIV Infections/epidemiology/*psychology Humans Middle Aged *Social Stigma Social Support Socioeconomic Factors United States/epidemiology Depression Food insecurity Hiv Internalized stigma United States Women
Palar K, Frongillo EA, Escobar J, Sheira LA, Wilson TE, Adedimeji A, Merenstein D, Cohen MH, Wentz EL, Adimora AA, Ofotokun I, Metsch L, Tien PC, Turan JM, Weiser SD (2018). Food Insecurity, Internalized Stigma, and Depressive Symptoms Among Women Living with HIV in the United States. AIDS Behav, 22(12), 3869-3878. PMC6209540
Journal Article
Frequent Occurrence of Pain and Prescription Opioid Use for Treatment of Pain Among Women with and at Risk for HIV Infection
AIDS Behav
2018
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28631227
Pain is frequent and underreported among HIV+ women. We determined occurrence and severity of pain, and types of pain treatments used among HIV+ and HIV- women. Cross-sectional analyses of pain as measured by the Brief Pain Inventory Short Form, and related pain therapies nested in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). Multiple variable linear regression models examined differences by HIV status in pain severity and pain interference in general activity, mood, ability to walk, work, relationships with others, sleep, and enjoyment of life. Among 1393 HIV+ and 587 HIV- participants with median age 47-48 years, there was no statistically significant difference in pain reported within the past week by HIV status (HIV+ 50% vs. 49% HIV-, p = 0.70). Ratings of pain severity and interference were similar between HIV+ and HIV- women, as was receipt of pain medication (58% HIV+ vs. 56% HIV-). Pain medications most frequently used were: NSAIDS (90% HIV+, 96% HIV-), opioids (65% HIV+, 67% HIV-
10.1007/s10461-017-1828-0
28631227
PMC5736465
Acute Pain/*drug therapy/*epidemiology/etiology Adult Analgesics, Opioid/*administration & dosage/therapeutic use Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Chronic Pain/*drug therapy/*epidemiology/etiology Cross-Sectional Studies Drug Prescriptions/*statistics & numerical data Female HIV Infections/*complications/drug therapy/epidemiology/virology HIV Seronegativity Humans Middle Aged Opioid-Related Disorders/complications Pain Management/methods Prospective Studies Severity of Illness Index United States/epidemiology Hiv Opioid Pain Women
Sharma A, Hoover DR, Shi Q, Tsao JCI, Cox C, Gustafson DR, Weber K, Greenblatt RM, Aouizerat BE, Plankey MW (2018). Frequent Occurrence of Pain and Prescription Opioid Use for Treatment of Pain Among Women with and at Risk for HIV Infection. AIDS Behav, 22(6), 2008-2017. PMC5736465
Journal Article
The Impact of Substance Use on Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy Among HIV-Infected Women in the United States
AIDS Behav
2018
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28560499
Research is scant regarding differential effects of specific types of recreational drugs use on antiretroviral therapy adherence among women, particularly to single-tablet regimens (STR). This is increasingly important in the context of marijuana legalization. We examined the effects of self-reported substance use on suboptimal (<95%) adherence in the Women's Interagency HIV Study, 2003-2014. Among 1799 HIV-infected women, the most prevalent substance used was marijuana. In multivariable Poisson GEE regression, substance use overall was significantly associated with suboptimal adherence (adjusted prevalence ratio, aPR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.10-1.32), adjusting for STR use, socio-demographic, behavioral, and clinical factors. Among STR users, compared to no drug use, substance use overall remained detrimental to ART adherence (aPR = 1.61, 95% CI 1.24-2.09); specifically, both marijuana (aPR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.11-1.97) and other drug use (aPR = 1.87, 95% CI 1.29-2.70) predicted suboptimal adher
10.1007/s10461-017-1808-4
28560499
PMC5709246
Adult *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*psychology Humans Illicit Drugs Male Marijuana Smoking/epidemiology/psychology/trends Medication Adherence/psychology/*statistics & numerical data Middle Aged Prevalence Substance-Related Disorders/*complications Tablets United States/epidemiology *Adherence *Antiretroviral therapy *Marijuana *Substance use *Women
Zhang Y, Wilson TE, Adedimeji A, Merenstein D, Milam J, Cohen J, Cohen M, Golub ET (2018). The Impact of Substance Use on Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy Among HIV-Infected Women in the United States. AIDS Behav, 22(3), 896-908. PMC5709246
Journal Article
Behavior change following HIV diagnosis: findings from a Cohort of Los Angeles MSM
AIDS Care
2018
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28819988
The effect of an HIV diagnosis on subsequent behavior of men who have sex with men (MSM) remains unclear. From 2009 to 2012 the NIDA funded Metromates Study enrolled and followed for one year MSM seeking testing for HIV in Los Angeles, assessing those with new HIV diagnoses for acute/recent HIV infection. Behavioral data were collected via Computer-Assisted Self-Interview from 321 men of whom 125 were classified as recently HIV infected, 91 as not recently HIV infected, and 105 as HIV-negative. Differences over time between those with recent HIV infection, not recent HIV infection, and no HIV were evaluated using bivariate and multivariable analyses for repeat measures to assess associations between HIV group, behaviors and condomless receptive (CRAI), intersertive (CIAI), or any condomless anal intercourse (CAI). Participants were mostly young (59% < 30 years of age) and minority. Median number of partners reported in past year dropped significantly over time among recently infected M
10.1080/09540121.2017.1366415
28819988
PMC6175816
Adult Condoms Ethnic Groups/*statistics & numerical data HIV Infections/*diagnosis/*psychology/transmission *Homosexuality, Male Humans Los Angeles Male Minority Groups Sexual Behavior/*psychology *Sexual Partners Unsafe Sex/*statistics & numerical data Young Adult *HIV diagnosis *HIV transmission behaviors *acute HIV infection *behavior change and HIV diagnosis
Gorbach PM, Javanbakht M, Bolan RK (2018). Behavior change following HIV diagnosis: findings from a Cohort of Los Angeles MSM. AIDS Care, 30(3), 300-304. PMC6175816
Journal Article
NIHMS989282
Comparing neighborhood and state contexts for women living with and without HIV: understanding the Southern HIV epidemic
AIDS Care
2018
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29962235
In the South, people living with HIV experience worse health outcomes than in other geographic regions, likely due to regional political, structural, and socioeconomic factors. We describe the neighborhoods of women (n = 1,800) living with and without HIV in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), a cohort with Southern sites in Chapel Hill, NC; Atlanta, GA; Birmingham, AL; Jackson, MS; and Miami, FL; and non-Southern sites in Brooklyn, NY; Bronx, NY; Washington, DC; San Francisco, CA; and Chicago, IL. In 2014, participants' addresses were geocoded and matched to several administrative data sources. There were a number of differences between the neighborhood contexts of Southern and non-Southern WIHS participants. Southern states had the lowest income eligibility thresholds for family Medicaid, and consequently higher proportions of uninsured individuals. Modeled proportions of income devoted to transportation were much higher in Southern neighborhoods (Location Affordability Index o
10.1080/09540121.2018.1492696
29962235
PMC6283284
Adult Case-Control Studies Female HIV Infections/*epidemiology Humans *Residence Characteristics United States/epidemiology *hiv *neighborhood *public policy *transportation *women
Ludema C, Edmonds A, Cole SR, Eron JJ Jr, Adedimeji AA, Cohen J, Cohen MH, Kassaye S, Konkle-Parker DJ, Metsch LR, Wingood GM, Wilson TE, Adimora AA (2018). Comparing neighborhood and state contexts for women living with and without HIV: understanding the Southern HIV epidemic. AIDS Care, 30(11), 1360-1367. PMC6283284
Journal Article
Low Rates of Vaccination for Herpes Zoster in Older People Living With HIV
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2018
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29661022
Herpes zoster (HZ) occurs at a higher age-specific rate in people living with HIV (PLWH) than in the general population. We implemented a quality improvement study to assess herpes zoster vaccine (HZV) usage among PLWH, assess HZV usage after additional reminders/prompts, and identify barriers to HZV among older PLWH. HZV rates in PLWH were determined in six institutions with varying payment structures. For the intervention, Part 1, PLWH eligible for HZV at the University of Colorado were identified, and providers were notified of patient eligibility. In Part 2, in addition to provider notification, an order for HZV was placed in the patient's chart before a clinic appointment. HZ vaccination rates ranged from 1.5% to 42.4% at six sites. Before the intervention, 21.3% of eligible University of Colorado patients had received HZV. An additional 8.3% received HZV with Part 1 and 17.8% with Part 2 interventions. At completion, a total of 53.2% of eligible patients had received HZV through
10.1089/AID.2017.0315
29661022
PMC6025846
Aged Aged, 80 and over Colorado Female HIV Infections/*complications Health Services Accessibility Herpes Zoster/*prevention & control Herpes Zoster Vaccine/*administration & dosage Humans Male Middle Aged *Vaccination Coverage *hiv *frail elderly *herpes zoster *herpes zoster vaccine *immunization schedule
Erlandson KM, Streifel A, Novin AR, Hawkins KL, Foster C, Langness J, Bessesen M, Falutz J, Moanna A, Looney D, Johns ST, Nguyen JB, Oxman MN, Levin MJ (2018). Low Rates of Vaccination for Herpes Zoster in Older People Living With HIV. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 34(7), 603-606. PMC6025846
Journal Article
Low Levels of Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Their Association with Systemic Inflammation and Monocyte Activation in Older HIV-Infected Men
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2018
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29226690
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) repair damaged vascular endothelium, and low circulating EPC levels have been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). CD34(+)/KDR(+) EPCs are commonly reported in the literature and CD34(+)/CD133(+)/KDR(+) EPCs are rare in circulation but highly specific for endothelial lineage. HIV-infected (HIV+) adults have chronic inflammation and increased CVD risk, but the relationship between CVD, vascular inflammation, and EPCs in HIV remains unclear. In a pilot study, EPCs were measured in 57 HIV+ men [>/=50 years old, HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/ml on antiretroviral therapy (ART)] by real-time flow cytometry using cellular immaturity (CD34 and/or CD133) and endothelial commitment (KDR) markers. Fasting inflammatory biomarker levels were measured by ELISA. Median age was 57 years; CD4(+) T lymphocyte count was 570 cells/mm(3). Prevalent CVD risk factors included 16% diabetes, 28% hypertension, 53% dyslipidemia, and 33% smoking. Median (interquartile range) EP
10.1089/AID.2017.0057
29226690
PMC5771525
Age Factors Atherosclerosis/*etiology/immunology Endothelial Progenitor Cells/*immunology Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology Flow Cytometry Hiv HIV Infections/*complications/immunology Humans Inflammation/*complications/immunology Leukocytes, Mononuclear/*immunology Macrophage Activation Male Middle Aged Pilot Projects Risk Factors *hiv *endothelial progenitor cells *inflammation
Seang S, Kelesidis T, Huynh D, Park S, Moe AA, Currier JS, Lake JE (2018). Low Levels of Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Their Association with Systemic Inflammation and Monocyte Activation in Older HIV-Infected Men. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 34(1), 39-45. PMC5771525
Journal Article
Vitamin D Metabolites in Aging HIV-Infected Men: Does Inflammation Play a Role?
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2018
30-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30251872
The inflammatory context of HIV infection has been posited to contribute to the higher comorbidity risk noted in HIV-infected populations. One possible pathway may involve 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D], which plays a wide biologic role in many tissues. We sought to investigate whether inflammation was associated with vitamin D metabolites in a cohort of HIV-infected (HIV+) men receiving treatment and HIV-uninfected (HIV-) men. Vitamin D metabolites, including 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and 1,25(OH)2D, were measured along with 24 inflammatory markers among Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study participants. Exploratory factor analysis reduced inflammatory marker data to a smaller set of inflammatory processes (IPs). Multivariate linear regression was used to evaluate associations between vitamin D metabolites and IPs. There were 466 HIV+ and 100 HIV- men, who contributed 658 stored samples from 1998 to 2008. We found three IPs with IP 1 characterized by sTNF-R2, sIL-2Ralpha, sCD27, BA
10.1089/AID.2018.0101
30251872
PMC6306657
HIV infected biomarker inflammation vitamin D
Zhang L, Brown TT, Margolick JB, Witt MD, Palella FJ Jr, Kingsley LA, Hoofnagle AN, Tin A, Jacobson LP, Abraham AG (2018). Vitamin D Metabolites in Aging HIV-Infected Men: Does Inflammation Play a Role?. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, (), . PMC6306657
Journal Article
Frailty in people living with HIV
AIDS Res Ther
2018
16-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30445966
The life expectancy of people living with HIV (PLHIV) has dramatically improved with effective and well-tolerated antiretroviral therapy. This presents a new challenge in caring for this patient population, with up to 28% of older PLHIV being identified as frail. Studies suggest that the prevalence of frailty is higher in PLHIV compared to the general population, and that the onset of frailty occurs at an earlier age. Frail individuals often present with multiple and non-specific health complaints, fluctuating disability, falls and delirium, and are at higher risk for multiple adverse outcomes, post-operative complications, poor responses to vaccination and functional decline. They tend to require longer hospital admissions, are more likely to require nursing home care, and are at greater risk of mortality. The degree of frailty can fluctuate over time. Limited evidence exists to support the reversal of frailty, but epidemiological evidence suggests that interventions to assess and man
10.1186/s12981-018-0210-2
30445966
PMC6240180
Age Factors Comorbidity Disease Management Frailty/diagnosis/*epidemiology/etiology HIV Infections/drug therapy/*epidemiology Humans Phenotype Public Health Surveillance Quality of Life Risk Factors *Ageing *Comorbidities *Frailty *hiv
M. Bloch (2018). Frailty in people living with HIV. AIDS Res Ther, 15(1), 19. PMC6240180
Journal Article
Brain Structural Changes following HIV Infection: Meta-Analysis
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol
2018
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29097412
BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have used structural neuroimaging to measure HIV effects on brain macroarchitecture. While many have reported changes in total brain volume, gray matter volume, white matter volume, CSF volume, and basal ganglia volume following HIV infection, quantitative inconsistencies observed across studies are large. PURPOSE: Our aim was to evaluate the consistency and temporal stability of serostatus effects on a range of structural neuroimaging measures. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, reference lists, and corresponding authors. STUDY SELECTION: The meta-analysis included 19 cross-sectional studies reporting HIV effects on cortical and subcortical volume from 1993 to 2016. DATA ANALYSIS: Random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate individual study standardized mean differences and study heterogeneity. Meta-regression was used to examine the effects of the study publication year. DATA SYNTHESIS: Meta-analysis revealed standardized mean differences related to the serostat
10.3174/ajnr.A5432
29097412
PMC7410705
Brain/*pathology/*virology Cross-Sectional Studies HIV Infections/*pathology Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Neuroimaging
O'Connor EE, Zeffiro TA, Zeffiro TA (2018). Brain Structural Changes following HIV Infection: Meta-Analysis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 39(1), 54-62. PMC7410705
Journal Article
Genetic predisposition to obesity is associated with asthma in US Hispanics/Latinos: Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos
Allergy
2018
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29603744
10.1111/all.13450
29603744
PMC6019147
Asthma/*epidemiology/*etiology *Ethnic Groups *Genetic Predisposition to Disease Humans Obesity/*complications/*genetics Odds Ratio Risk Assessment Risk Factors United States/epidemiology/ethnology *U.S. Hispanics/Latinos *asthma *genetic predisposition *genetics *obesity
Guo Y, Moon JY, Laurie CC, North KE, Sanchez-Johnsen LAP, Davis S, Yu B, Nyenhuis SM, Kaplan R, Rastogi D, Qi Q (2018). Genetic predisposition to obesity is associated with asthma in US Hispanics/Latinos: Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Allergy, 73(7), 1547-1550. PMC6019147
Journal Article
NIHMS955725
Urinary Biomarkers of Kidney Tubular Damage and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality in Elders
Am J Kidney Dis
2018
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29602632
RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE: Novel urinary biomarkers have enabled earlier detection of kidney tubular damage, but their prognostic value for adverse cardiovascular outcomes is uncertain. We hypothesized that tubular damage, measured by urine alpha1-microglobulin (A1M), amino-terminal propeptide of type III procollagen (PIIINP), and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), would be associated with higher risks for cardiovascular events and mortality among elders. STUDY DESIGN: Case-cohort study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: This study included a randomly selected subcohort (n=502), cardiovascular disease (CVD) cases (n=245), and heart failure cases (n=220) from the Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study. PREDICTORS: Baseline urine A1M, PIIINP, and NGAL concentrations. OUTCOMES: Incident CVD, heart failure, and all-cause mortality. ANALYTICAL APPROACH: Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate biomarker associations with each outcome. RESULTS: At baseline, mea
10.1053/j.ajkd.2017.12.013
29602632
PMC6057830
Aged Biomarkers/urine Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnosis/*mortality/*urine Cohort Studies Female Humans Kidney Tubules/*metabolism/*pathology Lipocalin-2/urine Male Mortality/trends Random Allocation Risk Factors *Urine biomarker *amino-terminal propeptide of type III procollagen (PIIINP) *cardiovascular disease (CVD) *elderly *heart failure (HF) *mortality *neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) *prognostication *tubular injury markers *alpha(1)-microglobulin (A1M)
Jotwani V, Katz R, Ix JH, Gutiérrez OM, Bennett M, Parikh CR, Cummings SR, Sarnak MJ, Shlipak MG (2018). Urinary Biomarkers of Kidney Tubular Damage and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality in Elders. Am J Kidney Dis, 72(2), 205-213. PMC6057830
Journal Article
NIHMS955413
Healthcare Empowerment and HIV Viral Control: Mediating Roles of Adherence and Retention in Care
Am J Prev Med
2018
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29656911
INTRODUCTION: This study assessed longitudinal relationships between patient healthcare empowerment, engagement in care, and viral control in the Women's Interagency HIV Study, a prospective cohort study of U.S. women living with HIV. METHODS: From April 2014 to March 2016, four consecutive 6-month visits were analyzed among 973 women to assess the impact of Time 1 healthcare empowerment variables (Tolerance for Uncertainty and the state of Informed Collaboration Committed Engagement) on Time 2 reports of >/=95% HIV medication adherence and not missing an HIV primary care appointment since last visit; and on HIV RNA viral control across Times 3 and 4, controlling for illicit drug use, heavy drinking, depression symptoms, age, and income. Data were analyzed in 2017. RESULTS: Adherence of >/=95% was reported by 83% of women, 90% reported not missing an appointment since the last study visit, and 80% were categorized as having viral control. Logistic regression analyses revealed a signifi
10.1016/j.amepre.2018.02.012
29656911
PMC5962433
Ambulatory Care Facilities Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use Female HIV Infections/drug therapy/*epidemiology/psychology Humans Longitudinal Studies Medication Adherence/psychology/*statistics & numerical data Middle Aged *Power, Psychological Prospective Studies Retention in Care/*statistics & numerical data Viral Load
Wilson TE, Kay ES, Turan B, Johnson MO, Kempf MC, Turan JM, Cohen MH, Adimora AA, Pereyra M, Golub ET, Goparaju L, Murchison L, Wingood GM, Metsch LR (2018). Healthcare Empowerment and HIV Viral Control: Mediating Roles of Adherence and Retention in Care. Am J Prev Med, 54(6), 756-764. PMC5962433
Journal Article
Decreased Lung Function and All-Cause Mortality in HIV-infected Individuals
Ann Am Thorac Soc
2018
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29313714
RATIONALE: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with pulmonary disease and worse lung function, but the relationship of lung function with survival in HIV is unknown. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether lung function is associated with all-cause mortality in HIV-infected individuals. METHODS: HIV-infected participants from cohorts in three locations underwent pre- and post-bronchodilator spirometry and determination of single-breath diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DlCO) in 2008-2009, computed tomographic (CT) scanning of the chest for quantitative emphysema and airway measures, and echocardiography for estimated left ventricular systolic and diastolic function and tricuspid regurgitant velocity. Bivariate analysis and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine whether decreased lung function was independently associated with increased all-cause mortality. Models were adjusted for covariates including age, sex, body mass i
10.1513/AnnalsATS.201606-492OC
29313714
PMC5822404
Adult Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use CD4 Lymphocyte Count/methods Correlation of Data Echocardiography/methods Female Follow-Up Studies *HIV Infections/complications/mortality/physiopathology/therapy Humans *Lung/diagnostic imaging/physiopathology Male Middle Aged Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity/*methods *Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/diagnosis/etiology/physiopathology Respiratory Function Tests/methods Survival Analysis Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods United States/epidemiology *hiv *acquired immunodeficiency syndrome *chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Gingo MR, Nouraie M, Kessinger CJ, Greenblatt RM, Huang L, Kleerup EC, Kingsley L, McMahon DK, Morris A (2018). Decreased Lung Function and All-Cause Mortality in HIV-infected Individuals. Ann Am Thorac Soc, 15(2), 192-199. PMC5822404
Journal Article
Abnormal Lung Function in HIV-infected Adults: An Under-recognized Risk Factor for Early Mortality
Ann Am Thorac Soc
2018
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29388812
10.1513/AnnalsATS.201711-904ED
29388812
PMC5946681
Adult Hiv *HIV Infections Humans *Respiratory Physiological Phenomena Risk Factors
Lambert AA, Crothers K (2018). Abnormal Lung Function in HIV-infected Adults: An Under-recognized Risk Factor for Early Mortality. Ann Am Thorac Soc, 15(2), 160-162. PMC5946681
Journal Article
Elevated soluble CD23 level indicates increased risk of B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: evidence from a meta-analysis
Ann Hematol
2018
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29750316
The aim of the present study was to determine whether circulating soluble CD23 (sCD23) was associated with B cells non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (B-NHL). PubMed, EMBASE, and ISI Web of Science were extensively searched without language restriction. Data was extracted in a standardized data collection sheet after two reviewers scanned studies independently. The association between sCD23 and NHL was indicated as odds ratio (OR) along with its related 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Meta-analysis was conducted via RevMan 5.3. A total of five studies, which included 964 B-NHL patients and 1243 matched controls without B-NHL, among which 257 were HIV-positive donors and 986 were general controls, were included in our study. Meta-analysis revealed a significant association between peripheral sCD23 level and B-NHL in HIV-positive samples (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.25, 2.20; P = 0.0005) as well as the general population (OR 2.51; 95% CI 1.71, 3.86; P < 0.00001). Meta-analysis, stratified by sampling time
10.1007/s00277-018-3349-y
29750316
Female HIV Infections/*blood *hiv-1 Humans Lymphoma, B-Cell/*blood Male Neoplasm Proteins/*blood Receptors, IgE/*blood Risk Factors Meta-analysis Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas Soluble CD23
Huang YS, Zhou X, Yang ZF, Lv ZT (2018). Elevated soluble CD23 level indicates increased risk of B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: evidence from a meta-analysis. Ann Hematol, 97(8), 1317-1325.
Journal Article
Patterns of efavirenz use as first-line antiretroviral therapy in the United States: 1999-2015
Antivir Ther
2018
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29424697
BACKGROUND: Efavirenz has been a mainstay of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for over 15 years in the US. Its association with neuropsychiatric side effects may influence clinical prescribing and management. METHODS: We included HIV-infected adults enrolled in care at seven sites across the US, who initiated combination ART between 1999 and 2015. We examined the proportion initiating and continuing on efavirenz, overall and by mental health status. Log binomial and Cox models were used to estimate associations between mental health, clinical and sociodemographic characteristics and initiating or switching from efavirenz as first-line ART. RESULTS: Of the 8,230 participants included, 3,710 (45%) initiated efavirenz. In multivariable analyses, prior mono- or dual-ART, ART initiation after 2006, being female, intravenous drug use, antidepressant prescription, previous mental health diagnosis and baseline CD4(+) T-cell count >350 cells/mm(3) were inversely associated with initiating efavirenz
10.3851/IMP3223
29424697
PMC6085156
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Benzoxazines/*therapeutic use CD4 Lymphocyte Count Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*epidemiology/history/virology History, 20th Century History, 21st Century Humans Male Middle Aged *Practice Patterns, Physicians' United States/epidemiology Viral Load
Bengtson AM, Pence BW, Eaton EF, Edwards JK, Eron JJ, Mathews WC, Mollan K, Moore RD, O'Cleirigh C, Geng E, Mugavero MJ (2018). Patterns of efavirenz use as first-line antiretroviral therapy in the United States: 1999-2015. Antivir Ther, 23(4), 363-372. PMC6085156
Journal Article
NIHMS970720
Longitudinal study of falls among HIV-infected and uninfected women: the role of cognition
Antivir Ther
2018
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28933703
BACKGROUND: Although fracture rates are higher in HIV+ than HIV- women, whether HIV infection increases risk of falls is unclear. We determined the longitudinal occurrence and risk factors for falls in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), and explored associations with cognitive complaints. METHODS: Recent (prior 6 months) self-reported falls were collected in 1,816 (1,250 HIV+; 566 HIV-) women over 24 months. Generalized estimating equation models using stepwise selection determined odds of any fall (versus none). RESULTS: HIV+ women were older than HIV- women (median 49 versus 47 years; P=0.0004), more likely to report neuropathy (20% versus 16%; P=0.023), and had greater central nervous system (CNS) medication use. At least one fall was reported in 41% HIV+ versus 42% HIV- women, including >/=2 falls in 25% HIV+ and 24% HIV- (overall P=0.30). Cognitive complaints were associated with falls among HIV+ (odds ratio [OR] 2.38; 95% CI 1.83, 3.09) and HIV- women (OR 3.43; 95% CI 2.37
10.3851/IMP3195
28933703
PMC5862760
Accidental Falls/*statistics & numerical data Adult Case-Control Studies Cognition Female HIV Infections/*epidemiology/psychology Humans Middle Aged Risk Assessment Risk Factors
Sharma A, Hoover DR, Shi Q, Holman S, Plankey MW, Tien PC, Weber KM, Floris-Moore M, Bolivar HH, Vance DE, Golub ET, Holstad MM, Yin MT (2018). Longitudinal study of falls among HIV-infected and uninfected women: the role of cognition. Antivir Ther, 23(2), 179-190. PMC5862760
Journal Article
Adipocytes impair efficacy of antiretroviral therapy
Antiviral Res
2018
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29630975
Adequate distribution of antiretroviral drugs to infected cells in HIV patients is critical for viral suppression. In humans and primates, HIV- and SIV-infected CD4 T cells in adipose tissues have recently been identified as reservoirs for infectious virus. To better characterize adipose tissue as a pharmacological sanctuary for HIV-infected cells, in vitro experiments were conducted to assess antiretroviral drug efficacy in the presence of adipocytes, and drug penetration in adipose tissue cells (stromal-vascular-fraction cells and mature adipocytes) was examined in treated humans and monkeys. Co-culture experiments between HIV-1-infected CD4 T cells and primary human adipocytes showed that adipocytes consistently reduced the antiviral efficacy of the nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor tenofovir and its prodrug forms tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and tenofovir alafenamide (TAF). In HIV-infected persons, LC-MS/MS analysis of intracellular lysates derived from adipose tiss
10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.04.002
29630975
PMC5955795
Adipocytes/*cytology Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects/*virology Cells, Cultured Coculture Techniques Disease Reservoirs/virology HIV Infections/drug therapy HIV-1/*drug effects/physiology Humans Prodrugs/therapeutic use Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/*therapeutic use Tenofovir/therapeutic use Virus Replication/drug effects *Adipose tissue *Antiretroviral therapy *CD4 T cells *Dolutegravir *HIV reservoirs *Tenofovir
Couturier J, Winchester LC, Suliburk JW, Wilkerson GK, Podany AT, Agarwal N, Xuan Chua CY, Nehete PN, Nehete BP, Grattoni A, Sastry KJ, Fletcher CV, Lake JE, Balasubramanyam A, Lewis DE (2018). Adipocytes impair efficacy of antiretroviral therapy. Antiviral Res, 154(), 140-148. PMC5955795
Journal Article
NIHMS959521
Associations Between Neighborhood Characteristics, Social Cohesion, and Perceived Sex Partner Risk and Non-Monogamy Among HIV-Seropositive and HIV-Seronegative Women in the Southern U.S
Arch Sex Behav
2018
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29696553
Neighborhood social and physical factors shape sexual network characteristics in HIV-seronegative adults in the U.S. This multilevel analysis evaluated whether these relationships also exist in a predominantly HIV-seropositive cohort of women. This cross-sectional multilevel analysis included data from 734 women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study's sites in the U.S. South. Census tract-level contextual data captured socioeconomic disadvantage (e.g., tract poverty), number of alcohol outlets, and number of non-profits in the census tracts where women lived; participant-level data, including perceived neighborhood cohesion, were gathered via survey. We used hierarchical generalized linear models to evaluate relationships between tract characteristics and two outcomes: perceived main sex partner risk level (e.g., partner substance use) and perceived main sex partner non-monogamy. We tested whether these relationships varied by women's HIV status. Greater tract-level socioeconom
10.1007/s10508-018-1205-8
29696553
PMC5955810
Adult Cross-Sectional Studies Female HIV Infections/*epidemiology HIV Seronegativity Humans Interpersonal Relations Residence Characteristics/*statistics & numerical data Risk-Taking Sexual Behavior/*statistics & numerical data Sexual Partners United States/epidemiology *hiv *Multilevel analyses *Neighborhood characteristics *Sexual risk *Social cohesion
Haley DF, Wingood GM, Kramer MR, Haardörfer R, Adimora AA, Rubtsova A, Edmonds A, Goswami ND, Ludema C, Hickson DA, Ramirez C, Ross Z, Bolivar H, Cooper HLF (2018). Associations Between Neighborhood Characteristics, Social Cohesion, and Perceived Sex Partner Risk and Non-Monogamy Among HIV-Seropositive and HIV-Seronegative Women in the Southern U.S. Arch Sex Behav, 47(5), 1451-1463. PMC5955810
Journal Article
Frequency of Subclinical Atherosclerosis in HIV-infected Brazilians
Arq Bras Cardiol
2018
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29898039
10.5935/abc.20180082
29898039
PMC5967131
*Atherosclerosis Brazil *Carotid Intima-Media Thickness HIV Infections Humans Risk Factors
Uip DE (2018). Frequency of Subclinical Atherosclerosis in HIV-infected Brazilians. Arq Bras Cardiol, 110(5), 411. PMC5967131
Journal Article
On the lengths of t-based confidence intervals
arXiv preprint
2018
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02664763.2020.1754357
10.1080/02664763.2020.1754357
35707735
PMC9041769
Yu Zang, Xiangzhong Fang (2018). On the lengths of t-based confidence intervals. arXiv preprint , (), . PMC9041769
Journal Article
Low T-cell subsets prior to development of virus-associated cancer in HIV-seronegative men who have sex with men
Cancer Causes Control
2018
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30315476
Immunological parameters that influence susceptibility to virus-associated cancers in HIV-seronegative individuals are unclear. We conducted a case-control cohort study of immunological parameters associated with development of incident virus-associated cancers among 532 HIV-seronegative men who have sex with men (MSM) enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) with median (IQR) 21 (8-26) years of follow-up. Thirty-two incident virus-associated cancers (anal cancer, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, liver cancer, other cancers with etiologies linked to human papillomavirus, Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis B virus, or human herpesvirus-8) were identified among 3,408 HIV-seronegative men in the MACS during 1984-2010. Cases were matched for demographics, smoking, and follow-up to 500 controls without cancer. Mixed-effects and Cox regression models were used to examine associations between nadir or recent CD4, CD8, and white blood cell (WBC) counts or CD4:CD8 ratios and subsequent diagnosis of
10.1007/s10552-018-1090-4
30315476
PMC6245112
Adult CD4-CD8 Ratio Case-Control Studies HIV Seronegativity/*immunology *Homosexuality, Male Humans *Leukocyte Count Longitudinal Studies Male Middle Aged Neoplasms/*immunology/*virology Smoking *T-Lymphocyte Subsets CD4 T cells CD8 T cells Cancer risk Hbv Lymphopenia Oncogenic viruses
Dutta A, Uno H, Lorenz DR, Wolinsky SM, Gabuzda D. (2018). Low T-cell subsets prior to development of virus-associated cancer in HIV-seronegative men who have sex with men. Cancer Causes Control, 29(11), 1131-1142. PMC6245112
Journal Article
Methylation of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Genomes Are Associated with Cervical Precancer in HIV-Positive Women
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
2018
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30237251
BACKGROUND: HIV-positive women are at substantial risk of HPV-associated cervical neoplasia caused by high-risk (HR) HPVs. Methylation of the HPV genome is associated with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN3) in HIV-negative women, yet it is unknown whether this holds true for HIV-positive women. METHODS: We designed a case-control study within the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) cohort comparing HIV-positive CIN3 cases (N = 72) to HIV-positive controls without detectable CIN2(+). The unit of analysis and matching was HPV-type infection. Cases with >/=2 HR-HPV types (N = 23; 32%) had a separate control for each HR-HPV type. We developed and utilized next-generation sequencing (NGS) methylation assays for 12 different HR-HPVs, focusing on CpG sites in the L1/L2 regions. RESULTS: Significant case-control differences in individual CpG site methylation levels were observed for multiple alpha-9 (HPV16/31/35/58) and alpha-7 HPV (HPV18/39/45) types, based on dichotomization
10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-17-1051
30237251
PMC6279505
Adult Case-Control Studies Female Genomics/*methods HIV Infections/*complications/pathology Humans Methylation Papillomavirus Infections/*virology Risk Factors
Gradissimo A, Lam J, Attonito JD, Palefsky J, Massad LS, Xie X, Eltoum IE, Rahangdale L, Fischl MA, Anastos K, Minkoff H, Xue X, D'Souza G, Flowers LC, Colie C, Shrestha S, Hessol NA, Strickler HD, Burk RD (2018). Methylation of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Genomes Are Associated with Cervical Precancer in HIV-Positive Women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 27(12), 1407-1415. PMC6279505
Journal Article
Decreased levels of the serum inflammatory biomarkers, sGP130, IL-6, sCRP and BAFF, are associated with increased likelihood of AIDS related Kaposi’s sarcoma in men who have sex with men
Cancer Research Frontiers
2018
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329836959_Decreased_levels_of_the_serum_inflammatory_biomarkers_sGP130_IL-6_sCRP_and_BAFF_are_associated_with_increased_likelihood_of_AIDS_related_Kaposi's_sarcoma_in_men_who_have_sex_with_men
10.17980/2018.45
33521162
PMC7845762
R. M. Bolanos, Martinez-Maza Otoniel, Zhang, Zuo-Feng, Hussain, Shehnaz, Sehl, Mary, Sinsheimer, Janet, D’Souza, Gypsyarn, Jenkins, Frank, Wolinsky, Steven, Detels, Roger (2018). Decreased levels of the serum inflammatory biomarkers, sGP130, IL-6, sCRP and BAFF, are associated with increased likelihood of AIDS related Kaposi’s sarcoma in men who have sex with men. Cancer Research Frontiers, 4(1), 45-59. PMC7845762
Journal Article
Regulatory CD4(+) T Cells Recognize Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Molecule-Restricted Peptide Epitopes of Apolipoprotein B
Circulation
2018
11-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29588316
BACKGROUND: CD4(+) T cells play an important role in atherosclerosis, but their antigen specificity is poorly understood. Immunization with apolipoprotein B (ApoB, core protein of low density lipoprotein) is known to be atheroprotective in animal models. Here, we report on a human APOB peptide, p18, that is sequence-identical in mouse ApoB and binds to both mouse and human major histocompatibility complex class II molecules. METHODS: We constructed p18 tetramers to detect human and mouse APOB-specific T cells and assayed their phenotype by flow cytometry including CD4 lineage transcription factors, intracellular cytokines, and T cell receptor activation. Apolipoprotein E-deficient ( Apoe(-/-)) mice were vaccinated with p18 peptide or adjuvants alone, and atherosclerotic burden in the aorta was determined. RESULTS: In human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from donors without cardiovascular disease, p18 specific CD4(+) T cells detected by a new human leukocyte antigen-antigen D relate
10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.031420
29588316
PMC6160361
Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage Animals Aorta/immunology/pathology Aortic Diseases/genetics/immunology/pathology/prevention & control Apolipoprotein B-100/*immunology Apolipoproteins B/*immunology Atherosclerosis/genetics/immunology/pathology/prevention & control Disease Models, Animal Epitope Mapping Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/*immunology Female Freund's Adjuvant/administration & dosage Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/*immunology Humans Lymphocyte Activation Male Mice Mice, Inbred C57BL Mice, Knockout, ApoE Peptide Fragments/administration & dosage/*immunology Plaque, Atherosclerotic T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/*immunology Vaccination *antigen specificity *apoB-100 *atherosclerosis *regulatory T cells *vaccination
Kimura T, Kobiyama K, Winkels H, Tse K, Miller J, Vassallo M, Wolf D, Ryden C, Orecchioni M, Dileepan T, Jenkins MK, James EA, Kwok WW, Hanna DB, Kaplan RC, Strickler HD, Durkin HG, Kassaye SG, Karim R, Tien PC, Landay AL, Gange SJ, Sidney J, Sette A, Ley K (2018). Regulatory CD4(+) T Cells Recognize Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Molecule-Restricted Peptide Epitopes of Apolipoprotein B. Circulation, 138(11), 1130-1143. PMC6160361
Journal Article
Cumulative Burden of Depression and All-Cause Mortality in Women Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Clin Infect Dis
2018
30-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29618020
Background: Research linking depression to mortality among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) has largely focused on binary "always vs never" characterizations of depression. However, depression is chronic and is likely to have cumulative effects on mortality over time. Quantifying depression as a cumulative exposure may provide a better indication of the clinical benefit of enhanced depression treatment protocols delivered in HIV care settings. Methods: Women living with HIV (WLWH), naive to antiretroviral therapy, from the Women's Interagency HIV Study were followed from their first visit in or after 1998 for up to 10 semiannual visits (5 years). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale. An area-under-the-curve approach was used to translate CES-D scores into a time-updated measure of cumulative days with depression (CDWD). We estimated the effect of CDWD on all-cause mortality using marginal structural
10.1093/cid/ciy264
29618020
PMC6206117
Adult Cohort Studies *Cost of Illness Depression/*mortality Female HIV/isolation & purification HIV Infections/complications/*mortality Humans Longitudinal Studies Middle Aged Proportional Hazards Models Risk Factors
Mills JC, Pence BW, Todd JV, Bengtson AM, Breger TL, Edmonds A, Cook RL, Adedimeji A, Schwartz RM, Kassaye S, Milam J, Cocohoba J, Cohen M, Golub E, Neigh G, Fischl M, Kempf MC, Adimora AA (2018). Cumulative Burden of Depression and All-Cause Mortality in Women Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Clin Infect Dis, 67(10), 1575-1581. PMC6206117
Journal Article
A Wake-up Call for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Providers: Obstructive Sleep Apnea in People Living With HIV
Clin Infect Dis
2018
18-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29746617
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is defined by repetitive collapse of the upper airway during sleep leading to transient hypoxemia and arousals from sleep. Surges in sympathetic activity, repeated oxygen desaturation, and sleep fragmentation can lead to cardiovascular (eg, myocardial infarction) and neurocognitive (eg, excessive daytime sleepiness) consequences. Emerging data suggest that OSA is common in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) and that traditional risk factors for OSA, such as obesity, are not highly predictive of OSA in PLWH. Untreated OSA is associated with increased fatigue and levels of inflammation. Despite these data, most PLWH with OSA remain undiagnosed and untreated. Improved awareness of OSA among healthcare providers and greater use of OSA diagnostic approaches have the potential to substantially improve quality of life and outcomes in PLWH.
10.1093/cid/ciy217
29746617
PMC7958931
HIV/isolation & purification HIV Infections/*complications Health Personnel/*education Humans Obesity Quality of Life Risk Factors Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/complications/*diagnosis
Owens RL, Hicks CB. (2018). A Wake-up Call for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Providers: Obstructive Sleep Apnea in People Living With HIV. Clin Infect Dis, 67(3), 472-476. PMC7958931
Journal Article
Plasma Tryptophan-Kynurenine Metabolites Are Altered in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Associated With Progression of Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis
Clin Infect Dis
2018
2-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29415228
Background: It is unknown whether disrupted tryptophan catabolism is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. Methods: Plasma tryptophan and kynurenic acid were measured in 737 women and men (520 HIV+, 217 HIV-) from the Women's Interagency HIV Study and the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Repeated B-mode carotid artery ultrasound imaging was obtained from 2004 through 2013. We examined associations of baseline tryptophan, kynurenic acid, and kynurenic acid-to-tryptophan (KYNA/TRP) ratio, with risk of carotid plaque. Results: After a 7-year follow-up, 112 participants developed carotid plaque. Compared to those without HIV infection, HIV-infected participants had lower tryptophan (P < .001), higher KYNA/TRP (P = .01), and similar kynurenic acid levels (P = .51). Tryptophan, kynurenic acid, and KYNA/TRP were correlated with T-cell activation (CD38+HLA-DR+) and immune activation markers (serum sCD14, galectin-3) but had few c
10.1093/cid/ciy053
29415228
PMC6031054
Adult Biomarkers/blood Carotid Arteries/pathology Carotid Artery Diseases/*blood/complications *Disease Progression Female HIV Infections/*complications Humans Kynurenine/*blood/metabolism Male Middle Aged Prospective Studies Tryptophan/*blood/metabolism
Qi Q, Hua S, Clish CB, Scott JM, Hanna DB, Wang T, Haberlen SA, Shah SJ, Glesby MJ, Lazar JM, Burk RD, Hodis HN, Landay AL, Post WS, Anastos K, Kaplan RC. (2018). Plasma Tryptophan-Kynurenine Metabolites Are Altered in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Associated With Progression of Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis. Clin Infect Dis, 67(2), 235-242. PMC6031054
Journal Article
The Role of Mitochondrial DNA Variation in Age-Related Decline in Gait Speed Among Older Men Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Clin Infect Dis
2018
16-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29481608
Background: Age-related gait speed decline is accelerated in men with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Mitochondrial genetic variation is associated with frailty and mortality in the general population and may provide insight into mechanisms of functional decline in people aging with HIV. Methods: Gait speed was assessed semiannually in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups were extracted from genome-wide genotyping data, classifying men aged >/=50 years into 5 groups: mtDNA haplogroup H, J, T, Uk, and other. Differences in gait speed by haplogroups were assessed as rate of gait speed decline per year, probability of slow gait speed (<1.0 m/s), and hazard of slow gait using multivariable linear mixed-effects models, mixed-effects logistic regression models, and the Andersen-Gill model, controlling for hepatitis C virus infection, previous AIDS diagnosis, thymidine analogues exposure, education, body composition, smoking, and peripheral neuropathy.
10.1093/cid/ciy151
29481608
PMC6093993
Age Factors *Aging/genetics Body Composition Cohort Studies DNA, Mitochondrial/*genetics *Genetic Variation HIV Infections/*complications Haplotypes Humans Logistic Models Male Middle Aged Odds Ratio Risk Factors Sexual and Gender Minorities *Walking Speed
Sun J, Brown TT, Samuels DC, Hulgan T, D'Souza G, Jamieson BD, Erlandson KM, Martinson J, Palella FJ Jr, Margolick JB, Kirk GD, Schrack JA (2018). The Role of Mitochondrial DNA Variation in Age-Related Decline in Gait Speed Among Older Men Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Clin Infect Dis, 67(5), 778-784. PMC6093993
Journal Article
Association of Urinary Biomarkers of Kidney Injury with Estimated GFR Decline in HIV-Infected Individuals following Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Initiation
Clin J Am Soc Nephrol
2018
7-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30154221
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (tenofovir) is associated with elevated concentrations of biomarkers of kidney damage and dysfunction in individuals with HIV. The relationship of these kidney biomarkers with longitudinal kidney function decline is unknown. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS: We evaluated associations of 14 urinary biomarkers of kidney injury with changes in eGFR among 198 men and women with HIV who initiated tenofovir between 2009 and 2015 in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and Women's Interagency HIV Study. Urinary biomarkers included albumin-to-creatinine ratio, alpha-1-microglobulin, beta-2-microglobulin, cystatin C, kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), IL-18, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), clusterin, osteopontin, uromodulin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, EGF, trefoil factor 3, and chitinase 3-like protein 1. We used multivariable linear mixed-effect models controlling for demographics, traditional kidney
10.2215/CJN.01700218
30154221
PMC6140559
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*adverse effects/therapeutic use Biomarkers/urine Female *Glomerular Filtration Rate HIV Infections/complications/*drug therapy/*physiopathology/urine Humans Kidney Diseases/*chemically induced/*physiopathology/urine Male Middle Aged Prospective Studies Tenofovir/*adverse effects/therapeutic use *Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome *Albumins *Biomarkers *Chemokine CCL2 *Cohort Studies *Cystatin C *Demography *hiv *Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1 *Kidney injury *LCN2 protein, human *Lipocalin-2 *Tenofovir *Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate *Uromodulin *creatinine *epidermal growth factor *interleukin 18 protein, human *risk factors
Ascher SB, Scherzer R, Estrella MM, Zhang WR, Muiru AN, Jotwani V, Grunfeld C, Parikh CR, Gustafson D, Young M, Sharma A, Cohen MH, Ng DK, Palella FJ, Witt MD, Ho K, Shlipak MG (2018). Association of Urinary Biomarkers of Kidney Injury with Estimated GFR Decline in HIV-Infected Individuals following Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Initiation. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 13(9), 1321-1329. PMC6140559
Journal Article
A Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies a Candidate Gene Associated With Atazanavir Exposure Measured in Hair
Clin Pharmacol Ther
2018
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29315502
Hair provides a direct measure of long-term exposure of atazanavir (ATV). We report the results of the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) of ATV exposure measured in hair in an observational cohort representative of US women living with HIV; the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Approximately 14.1 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analyzed in linear regression-based GWAS, with replication, adjusted for nongenetic predictors collected under conditions of actual use of ATV in 398 participants. Lastly, the PharmGKB database was used to identify pharmacogene associations with ATV exposure. The rs73208473, within intron 1 of SORCS2, resulted in a 0.46-fold decrease in ATV exposure, with the strongest association (P = 1.71x10(-8) ) in GWAS. A priori pharmacogene screening did not identify additional variants statistically significantly associated with ATV exposure, including those previously published in ATV plasma candidate pharmacogene studies. The findings demonstra
10.1002/cpt.1014
29315502
PMC6037621
Adult Atazanavir Sulfate/*metabolism/pharmacokinetics Databases, Factual Drug Monitoring/*methods Female Genome-Wide Association Study Genotype HIV Protease Inhibitors/*metabolism/pharmacokinetics Hair/*metabolism Humans Introns Middle Aged *Pharmacogenomic Variants Phenotype *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide Predictive Value of Tests Receptors, Cell Surface/*genetics/*metabolism Reproducibility of Results Tissue Distribution United States
Tamraz B, Huang Y, French AL, Kassaye S, Anastos K, Nowicki MJ, Gange S, Gustafson DR, Bacchetti P, Greenblatt RM, Hysi PG, Aouizerat BE (2018). A Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies a Candidate Gene Associated With Atazanavir Exposure Measured in Hair. Clin Pharmacol Ther, 104(5), 949-956. PMC6037621
Journal Article
Testing for constancy in varying coefficient models
Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods
2018
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03610926.2017.1300271
10.1080/03610926.2017.1300271
M. Ahkim, Anneleen Verhasselt (2018). Testing for constancy in varying coefficient models. Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods, 47(4), 890-911.
Journal Article
Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Quantitative Coronary Plaque Progression Study: rationale and design
Coron Artery Dis
2018
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28777120
BACKGROUND AND AIM: The association of HIV with coronary atherosclerosis has been established; however, the progression of coronary atherosclerosis over time among participants with HIV is not well known. The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Quantitative Coronary Plaque Progression Study is a large prospective multicenter study quantifying progression of coronary plaque assessed by serial coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA). PATIENTS AND METHODS: HIV-infected and uninfected men who were enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Cardiovascular Substudy were eligible to complete a follow-up contrast coronary CTA 3-6 years after baseline. We measured coronary plaque volume and characteristics (calcified and noncalcified plaque including fibrous, fibrous-fatty, and low attenuation) and vulnerable plaque among HIV-infected and uninfected men using semiautomated plaque software to investigate the progression of coronary atherosclerosis over time. CONCLUSION: We describe a novel,
10.1097/MCA.0000000000000546
28777120
PMC5722668
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology Adult Aged Case-Control Studies Cohort Studies Computed Tomography Angiography Coronary Angiography Coronary Artery Disease/*diagnostic imaging/epidemiology Disease Progression Follow-Up Studies HIV Infections/*epidemiology Humans Incidence Male Middle Aged Plaque, Atherosclerotic/*diagnostic imaging/epidemiology Prospective Studies Vascular Calcification/*diagnostic imaging/epidemiology
Nakanishi R, Post WS, Osawa K, Jayawardena E, Kim M, Sheidaee N, Nezarat N, Rahmani S, Kim N, Hathiramani N, Susarla S, Palella F, Witt M, Blaha MJ, Brown TT, Kingsley L, Haberlen SA, Dailing C, Budoff MJ (2018). Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Quantitative Coronary Plaque Progression Study: rationale and design. Coron Artery Dis, 29(1), 23-29. PMC5722668
Journal Article
Women's decision-making about self-protection during sexual activity in the deep south of the USA: a grounded theory study
Cult Health Sex
2018
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28621176
Many women continue to become infected with HIV, particularly in the Southeastern USA, despite widespread knowledge about methods to prevent its sexual transmission. This grounded theory investigation examined the decision-making process women use to guide their use or non-use of self-protective measures when engaging in sexual activity. Participants included women in the Mississippi cohort of the Women's Interagency HIV Study who were infected with or at high risk for HIV. Theoretical sampling was used to recruit a sample of 20 primarily African American women aged between 26 and 56 years, living in rural and urban areas. Data were analysed using constant comparative method to generate a theory of the process that guided women's self-protective decisions. Three key themes were identified: (1) sexual silence, an overall context of silence around sexuality in their communities and relationships; (2) the importance of relationships with male partners, including concepts of 'love and trus
10.1080/13691058.2017.1331468
28621176
PMC5718927
Adult African Americans/*psychology Communication Condoms/*statistics & numerical data *Decision Making Female Grounded Theory HIV Infections/ethnology/prevention & control/psychology Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice Humans Interviews as Topic Middle Aged Mississippi Risk-Taking Sexual Behavior/ethnology/*psychology Sexual Partners/*psychology African American women HIV prevention decision-making self-protection
Konkle-Parker D, Fouquier K, Portz K, Wheeless L, Arnold T, Harris C, Turan J (2018). Women's decision-making about self-protection during sexual activity in the deep south of the USA: a grounded theory study. Cult Health Sex, 20(1), 84-98. PMC5718927
Journal Article
Significance and Management of Isolated Hepatitis B Core Antibody (Anti-HBc) in HIV and HCV: Strategies in the DAA Era
Curr HIV/AIDS Rep
2018
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29572624
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this review is to summarize the prevalence and clinical implications of the isolated anti-HBc serologic profile in HIV-infected individuals. We highlight the rare but important issue of HBV reactivation in the setting of HCV therapy and describe an approach to management. RECENT FINDINGS: The isolated anti-HBc pattern, a profile that most often indicates past exposure to HBV with waning anti-HBs immunity, is found commonly in HIV-infected individuals, particularly those with HCV. Some large cohort studies demonstrate an association with advanced liver disease, while others do not. Conversely, meta-analyses have found an association between occult HBV infection (a component of the isolated anti-HBc pattern) and advanced liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma in HIV-uninfected individuals. In HIV-uninfected individuals with anti-HBc positivity, HBV reactivation has been reported in patients receiving HCV therapy. This phenomenon is likely the result
10.1007/s11904-018-0379-y
29572624
PMC6039383
Antiviral Agents/*therapeutic use HIV Infections/*complications/drug therapy Hepatitis B/*complications/drug therapy Hepatitis B Antibodies/*blood Hepatitis C/*complications/drug therapy Humans *daa *HCV treatment *HIV infection *hiv/hcv *Isolated anti-HBc *Occult HBV
Chang JJ, Mohtashemi N, Bhattacharya D (2018). Significance and Management of Isolated Hepatitis B Core Antibody (Anti-HBc) in HIV and HCV: Strategies in the DAA Era. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep, 15(2), 172-181. PMC6039383
Journal Article
Inflammation Strikes Again: Frailty and HIV
Curr HIV/AIDS Rep
2018
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29411315
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: As a consequence of antiretroviral therapy, the proportion of older HIV-infected adults is increasing, with a concomitant shift in burden of illness to age-related syndromes and disease. Frailty is an age-related syndrome of increased vulnerability to stress, predictive of major adverse clinical outcomes among HIV-infected and uninfected persons alike. Understanding frailty pathogenesis is critical to developing interventions to improve health outcomes in HIV. Here, we review the current evidence for the relationship between inflammation and frailty in HIV, and the potential for novel, inflammation-targeted interventions. RECENT FINDINGS: Dysregulated inflammation has been consistently associated with frailty in elderly HIV-uninfected persons. Dysregulated inflammation is also central to HIV pathophysiology and several recent studies have demonstrated the important association of inflammation with frailty in HIV. Some evidence suggests that anti-inflammatory therapie
10.1007/s11904-018-0372-5
29411315
Adult Aged Aging/*pathology Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*methods Frailty/*pathology/prevention & control HIV/drug effects/immunology HIV Infections/complications/drug therapy/*physiopathology Humans Inflammation/drug therapy/*physiopathology *Antiretroviral therapy *Dysregulated inflammation *Frailty pathogenesis *HIV infection *Inflammation
Fukui SM, Piggott DA, Erlandson KM (2018). Inflammation Strikes Again: Frailty and HIV. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep, 15(1), 20-29.
Journal Article
NAFLD and HIV: Do Sex, Race, and Ethnicity Explain HIV-Related Risk?
Curr HIV/AIDS Rep
2018
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29671204
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Here, we review the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the general population, discuss HIV-specific differences in NAFLD pathogenesis, and summarize what is known regarding differences in NAFLD by race/ethnicity and sex. RECENT FINDINGS: The reported prevalence of NAFLD among people living with HIV varies by age, body mass index, comorbidity, and method of NAFLD diagnosis, but is generally thought to be greater among HIV-infected compared to HIV-uninfected populations. Minorities and women tend to experience poorer HIV treatment outcomes (Meditz et al. J Infect Dis. 203(4):442-51, 2011; Beer et al. Medicine (Baltimore). 95(13):e 3171, 2016; Gant et al. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 66(40):1065-72, 2017; Millett et al. Lancet. 380(9839):341-8, 2012; Wejnert et al. J Infect Dis. 213(5):776-83, 2016), and are at the greatest risk for significant weight gain with HIV treatment (Erlandson et al. Medicine (Baltimore). 95(46
10.1007/s11904-018-0392-1
29671204
PMC6003864
Comorbidity Disease Progression Disease Susceptibility Ethnic Groups Female HIV/pathogenicity HIV Infections/*complications/ethnology Humans Male Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/complications/*epidemiology/*ethnology/pathology Prevalence Risk Factors Sex Factors *HIV complications *HIV-associated NAFLD *nafld *Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease *Review
Soti S, Corey KE, Lake JE, Erlandson KM (2018). NAFLD and HIV: Do Sex, Race, and Ethnicity Explain HIV-Related Risk?. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep, 15(3), 212-222. PMC6003864
Journal Article
NIHMS961135
Factors Associated With Insulin Resistance in Adults With HIV Receiving Contemporary Antiretroviral Therapy: a Brief Update
Curr HIV/AIDS Rep
2018
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29700760
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This narrative review summarizes recent data on factors associated with insulin resistance (IR) in adults with HIV, including contemporary antiretroviral therapy (ART). RECENT FINDINGS: IR remains common in persons with HIV, even those receiving contemporary ART. Generalized and abdominal obesity and ectopic fat are correlates of IR, and emerging data have identified associations with biomarkers of inflammation and immune activation. Small studies suggest associations between mitochondria and IR. In ART-naive individuals, IR increased within 4 weeks of starting ART in persons receiving contemporary boosted protease inhibitors or an integrase inhibitor. The importance of IR in non-diabetic persons with HIV will continue to grow as the population ages and obesity increases. Non-invasive estimates of IR appear to perform well in persons with HIV, but clinically relevant cutoffs are uncertain. Unexpected metabolic effects of newer HIV integrase inhibitors have been repor
10.1007/s11904-018-0399-7
29700760
PMC6003865
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*adverse effects/therapeutic use HIV/drug effects HIV Infections/*complications/drug therapy HIV Integrase Inhibitors/*adverse effects/therapeutic use HIV Protease Inhibitors/*adverse effects/therapeutic use Humans Hyperglycemia/*pathology Inflammation Insulin Resistance/genetics/*physiology Mitochondria/metabolism Obesity/complications *Antiretroviral therapy *hiv *Hyperglycemia *Insulin resistance *Integrase inhibitors
T. Hulgan (2018). Factors Associated With Insulin Resistance in Adults With HIV Receiving Contemporary Antiretroviral Therapy: a Brief Update. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep, 15(3), 223-232. PMC6003865
Journal Article
Benefits and Risks of Statin Therapy in the HIV-Infected Population
Curr Infect Dis Rep
2018
26-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29804227
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: HIV-infected patients face an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD), estimated at 1.5- to 2-fold as compared to HIV-uninfected persons. This review provides a recent (within preceding 5 years) summary of the role of statin therapy and associated role in CVD risk reduction among HIV-infected patients on anti-retroviral therapy. RECENT FINDINGS: Statins remain the preferred agents for reducing risk for CVD among HIV-infected populations based on guidance extrapolated from general population (HIV-uninfected) cholesterol treatment guidelines across different settings globally. However, HIV-infected patients are consistently under prescribed statin therapy when compared to their HIV-uninfected counterparts. The most commonly studied statins in clinical care and small randomized and cohort studies have been rosuvastatin and atorvastatin. Both agents are preferred for their potent lipid-lowering effects and their favorable or neutral pleotropic effects on chronic
10.1007/s11908-018-0628-7
29804227
PMC6186398
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease Hiv Inflammation Prevention Statin
Mosepele M, Molefe-Baikai OJ, Grinspoon SK, Triant VA (2018). Benefits and Risks of Statin Therapy in the HIV-Infected Population. Curr Infect Dis Rep, 20(8), 20. PMC6186398
Journal Article
Updates on antibody functions in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and their relevance for developing a vaccine against tuberculosis
Curr Opin Immunol
2018
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29656063
A more effective vaccine to control tuberculosis (TB), a major global public health problem, is urgently needed. Current vaccine candidates focus predominantly on eliciting cell-mediated immunity but other arms of the immune system also contribute to protection against TB. We review here recent studies that enhance our current knowledge of antibody-mediated functions against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These findings, which contribute to the increasing evidence that antibodies have a protective role against TB, include demonstrations that firstly distinct human antibody Fc glycosylation patterns, found in latent M. tuberculosis infection but not in active TB, influence the efficacy of the host to control M. tuberculosis infection, secondly antibody isotype influences human antibody functions, and thirdly that antibodies targeting M. tuberculosis surface antigens are protective. We discuss these findings in the context of TB vaccine development and highlight the need for further researc
10.1016/j.coi.2018.04.004
29656063
PMC6141321
Animals Antibodies, Bacterial/*metabolism Antigens, Bacterial/immunology Glycosylation Host-Pathogen Interactions Humans Immunity, Humoral Latent Tuberculosis/*immunology Mycobacterium tuberculosis/*immunology Tuberculosis/*immunology Tuberculosis Vaccines/*immunology Vaccination
Achkar JM, Prados-Rosales R (2018). Updates on antibody functions in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and their relevance for developing a vaccine against tuberculosis. Curr Opin Immunol, 53(), 30-37. PMC6141321
Journal Article
NIHMS960028
Are microbiome studies ready for hypothesis-driven research?
Curr Opin Microbiol
2018
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30059804
Hypothesis-driven research has led to many scientific advances, but hypotheses cannot be tested in isolation: rather, they require a framework of aggregated scientific knowledge to allow questions to be posed meaningfully. This framework is largely still lacking in microbiome studies, and the only way to create it is by discovery-driven, tool-driven, and standards-driven research projects. Here we illustrate these issues using several such non-hypothesis-driven projects from our own laboratories, including spatial mapping, the American Gut Project, the Earth Microbiome Project (which is an umbrella project integrating many smaller hypothesis-driven projects), and the knowledgebase-driven tools GNPS and Qiita. We argue that an investment of community resources in infrastructure tasks, and in the controls and standards that underpin them, will greatly enhance the investment in hypothesis-driven research programs.
10.1016/j.mib.2018.07.002
30059804
PMC6153026
Animals Biomedical Research/methods/*standards Humans *Microbiota
Tripathi A, Marotz C, Gonzalez A, Vázquez-Baeza Y, Song SJ, Bouslimani A, McDonald D, Zhu Q, Sanders JG, Smarr L, Dorrestein PC, Knight R (2018). Are microbiome studies ready for hypothesis-driven research?. Curr Opin Microbiol, 44(), 61-69. PMC6153026
Journal Article
NIHMS1501921
Intersecting burdens: Homophobic victimization, unstable housing, and methamphetamine use in a cohort of men of color who have sex with men
Drug Alcohol Depend
2018
1-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30266002
BACKGROUND: Men who have sex with men with histories of homophobic victimization bear heightened risk of unstable housing and methamphetamine use. However, it is unclear whether unstable housing explains the link between homophobic victimization and methamphetamine use in this group. The present study aims to test associations between homophobic victimization, unstable housing, and recent methamphetamine use across 24 months in a cohort of men of color who have sex with men (MoCSM). METHODS: Our analysis stems from data of 1342 person-visits from 401 MoCSM participating in an ongoing cohort study. We performed a lagged multilevel negative binominal regression to test the association between past homophobic victimization and recent unstable housing, and a lagged multilevel ordered logistic regression to test the association between past homophobic victimization recent methamphetamine use. We then performed a path analysis to test whether recent unstable housing mediates the association
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.07.039
30266002
PMC6200602
Adult African Americans/*psychology Amphetamine-Related Disorders/economics/epidemiology/*psychology Cohort Studies Cost of Illness Crime Victims/economics/*psychology Hispanic Americans/*psychology Homosexuality, Male/*psychology *Housing/economics Humans Longitudinal Studies Male Methamphetamine/*adverse effects Young Adult *Black *Homophobia *Latino *Men who have sex with men *Methamphetamine *Unstable housing *Victimization
Li MJ, Okafor CN, Gorbach PM, Shoptaw S (2018). Intersecting burdens: Homophobic victimization, unstable housing, and methamphetamine use in a cohort of men of color who have sex with men. Drug Alcohol Depend, 192(), 179-185. PMC6200602
Journal Article
Increased risk of depression in non-depressed HIV infected men with sleep disturbance: Prospective findings from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
EBioMedicine
2018
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30249545
OBJECTIVE: Sleep disturbance is a known risk factor for depression, but it is not known whether sleep disturbance contributes to greater risk of depression in those infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV+) as compared to those uninfected with HIV (HIV-). METHODS: Using data from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, a population-based prospective study of men who have sex with men (MSM), self-reported sleep disturbance (>2weeks) and depressive symptoms (Clinical Epidemiologic Scale for Depression, CES-D) were assessed every 6months over 12years of follow-up. Adjusted mixed effects logistic regression analyses tested whether sleep disturbance predicted depression (CES-D>/=16) at the immediate subsequent visit, and so on over 12years, in non-depressed HIV+(N=1054; 9556 person-visits) and non-depressed HIV- (N=1217; 12,680 person-visits). In HIV+ vs. HIV- MSM, linearly estimated average incidence of depression and normalized cumulative rate of depression over 12years were compared.
10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.09.028
30249545
PMC6197498
Adult Cohort Studies Depression/*epidemiology/*etiology HIV Infections/*complications/immunology/virology Humans Incidence Inflammation/complications Male Middle Aged Odds Ratio Risk Assessment Risk Factors Sensitivity and Specificity Sex Factors Sleep Wake Disorders/*complications Depression Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Inflammation Insomnia Sleep disturbance
Irwin MR, Archer G, Olmstead R, Brown TT, Teplin LA, Patel SR, Abraham AG, Breen EC (2018). Increased risk of depression in non-depressed HIV infected men with sleep disturbance: Prospective findings from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. EBioMedicine, 36(), 454-460. PMC6197498
Journal Article
Gut microbiota and plasma metabolites associated with diabetes in women with, or at high risk for, HIV infection
EBioMedicine
2018
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30366816
BACKGROUND: Gut microbiota alteration has been implicated in HIV infection and metabolic disorders. The relationship between gut microbiota and diabetes has rarely been studied in HIV-infected individuals, who have excess risk of metabolic disorders. METHODS: Our study during 2015-2016 enrolled predominantly African Americans and Hispanics in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. We studied 28 women with long-standing HIV infection under antiretroviral therapy and 20 HIV-uninfected, but at high risk of infection, women (16 HIV+ and 6 HIV- with diabetes). Fecal samples were analyzed by sequencing prokaryotic16S rRNA gene. Plasma metabolomics profiling was performed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. FINDINGS: No significant differences in bacterial alpha- or beta-diversity were observed by diabetes or HIV serostatus (all P>.1). Relative abundances of four genera (Finegoldia, Anaerococcus, Sneathia, and Adlercreutzia) were lower in women with diabetes compared to those witho
10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.10.037
30366816
PMC6286648
Adult Anti-Retroviral Agents/*administration & dosage *Bacteria/classification/metabolism Biomarkers/blood *Diabetes Mellitus/blood/drug therapy/microbiology Female *Gastrointestinal Microbiome *HIV Infections/blood/drug therapy/epidemiology/microbiology Humans Middle Aged Prospective Studies Diabetes Gut microbiota Hiv Metabolite
Moon JY, Zolnik CP, Wang Z, Qiu Y, Usyk M, Wang T, Kizer JR, Landay AL, Kurland IJ, Anastos K, Kaplan RC, Burk RD, Qi Q (2018). Gut microbiota and plasma metabolites associated with diabetes in women with, or at high risk for, HIV infection. EBioMedicine, 37(), 392-400. PMC6286648
Journal Article
Tu1879 - Developing Microbiome Rehabilitation Biomarkers for Clostridium Difficile Infections: Continued Evaluation of a Prototype Microbiome Health Indextm
Gastroenterology
2018
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324881176_Tu1879_-_Developing_Microbiome_Rehabilitation_Biomarkers_for_Clostridium_Difficile_Infections_Continued_Evaluation_of_a_Prototype_Microbiome_Health_Indextm
10.1016/s0016-5085(18)33505-4
K. J. Blount, Jones, Courtney, Deych, Elena, Shannon, Bill (2018). Tu1879 - Developing Microbiome Rehabilitation Biomarkers for Clostridium Difficile Infections: Continued Evaluation of a Prototype Microbiome Health Indextm. Gastroenterology, 154(6), .
Journal Article
Tu1877 - High Resolution 16S RRNA Gene Profiles of Gut Dysbiosis and Serum Biomarkers of Inflammation and Intestinal Integrity in Men with and without HIV
Gastroenterology
2018
https://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(18)33503-0/abstract
10.1016/s0016-5085(18)33503-0
Koay, WL, White, James, Fathi, Payam, Haberlen, Sabina A., Jacobson, Lisa, Zhao, Ni, Margolick, Joseph B., Post, Wendy S., Sears, Cynthia L. (2018). Tu1877 - High Resolution 16S RRNA Gene Profiles of Gut Dysbiosis and Serum Biomarkers of Inflammation and Intestinal Integrity in Men with and without HIV. Gastroenterology, 154(6), .
Journal Article
Tu1878 - Gastric Microbiota Alternation Following Eradication of H. Pylori
Gastroenterology
2018
https://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(18)33504-2/abstract
10.1016/s0016-5085(18)33504-2
Y. W. Nadatani, Toshio, Shimada, Sunao, Otani, Koji, Taira, Koichi, Hosomi, Shuhei, Nagami, Yasuaki, Tanaka, Fumio, Kamata, Noriko, Yamagami, Hirokazu, Tanigawa, Tetsuya, Fujiwara, Yasuhiro (2018). Tu1878 - Gastric Microbiota Alternation Following Eradication of H. Pylori. Gastroenterology, 154(6), .
Journal Article
Neuropharmacology
Handb Clin Neurol
2018
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29604984
With virologically suppressive antiretroviral therapy, immune system recovery is now achievable for persons living with HIV (PLWH). This immune recovery is associated with dramatic reductions in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) defining illnesses including HIV dementia. However, milder form of cognitive disturbances are widely reported in PLWH despite effective antiretroviral therapy. The underlying pathogenic mechanisms of these cognitive disturbances remain elusive, with many potential pathogenic mechanisms including residual brain damage prior to the initiation of antiretroviral therapy and neuroinflammation and ongoing immune system disturbances despite antiretroviral therapy. Lifestyle factors and concomitant infections and medical problems are also likely to be major contributing factors. The penetration of antiretroviral agents into the central nervous system compartment resulting in a lack of suppression of HIV viremia in the brain has generated much interest as well
10.1016/B978-0-444-63849-6.00005-0
29604984
AIDS Dementia Complex/*diagnosis/*drug therapy/epidemiology Animals Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/methods/trends Brain/drug effects/pathology/virology HIV Infections/*diagnosis/*drug therapy/epidemiology Humans Viremia/*diagnosis/*drug therapy/epidemiology Csf CSF escape Hiv blood-brain barrier cognitive neuropharmacology
Winston A, Manji H (2018). Neuropharmacology. Handb Clin Neurol, 152(), 55-64.
Journal Article
Evaluating Women's Preferences for Hepatitis C Treatment During Pregnancy
Hepatol Commun
2018
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30411077
There is a rising prevalence of hepatitis C (HCV) among women of child-bearing age nationally, which prompted a recommendation by national guidelines to screen all women for HCV during pregnancy. Women with HCV during pregnancy are at risk of perinatal transmission of HCV. Directly acting antiviral (DAA) therapy during pregnancy can potentially reduce the risk of perinatal transmission as well as cure women while they are engaged in antenatal care. However, data on the safety and efficacy of DAAs during pregnancy are limited. We aimed to evaluate the preferences of women with HCV regarding potential DAA treatment during pregnancy. We conducted a survey of women with a history of HCV followed in the University of California, San Francisco HCV clinic and in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (most of whom are coinfected with HIV) to determine their preferences for DAA treatment during pregnancy. A total of 141 women completed the survey. Sixty percent reported that they would be willing t
10.1002/hep4.1264
30411077
PMC6211328
Kushner T, Cohen J, Tien PC, Terrault NA (2018). Evaluating Women's Preferences for Hepatitis C Treatment During Pregnancy. Hepatol Commun, 2(11), 1306-1310. PMC6211328
Journal Article
To T or not to T: Differences in Testosterone Use and Discontinuation by HIV Serostatus among Men who Have Sex with Men
HIV Med
2018
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29989322
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to characterize contemporary patterns and correlates of testosterone therapy (TTh) use and discontinuation by HIV serostatus among men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). METHODS: Self-reported testosterone use data were collected semiannually from 2400 (1286 HIV-infected and 1114 HIV-uninfected) men who have sex with men. Multivariable Poisson regression was used to estimate prevalence ratios for TTh use and predictors of TTh discontinuation (2012-2015). RESULTS: Use was higher among HIV-infected compared with HIV-uninfected men in all age strata, with an age-adjusted prevalence of 17% vs. 5%, respectively (adjusted prevalence ratio 3.7; P < 0.001). Correlates of use in the multivariable model were similar by HIV serostatus: white race, the Los Angeles (LA) site, more than one recent sexual partner, non-smoking status, and higher American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology (AHA/ACC) cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk score cat
10.1111/hiv.12644
29989322
PMC6430568
Aged Coronary Artery Disease/*epidemiology Cross-Sectional Studies HIV Infections/epidemiology/*immunology HIV-1/*immunology Homosexuality, Male Humans Male Middle Aged Prevalence Prospective Studies Regression Analysis Self Report Sexual Partners Testosterone/adverse effects/*therapeutic use United States/epidemiology *hiv *cardiovascular disease risk *discontinuation *men who have sex with men *testosterone
Haberlen SA, Jacobson LP, Palella FJ Jr, Dobs A, Plankey M, Lake JE, Kingsley LA, Stall R, Post WS, Brown TT (2018). To T or not to T: Differences in Testosterone Use and Discontinuation by HIV Serostatus among Men who Have Sex with Men. HIV Med, 19(9), 634-644. PMC6430568
Journal Article
T-Cell Responses to Cmv and Inflammatory/Immune Activation Markers in HIV-Infected or at Risk Men
Innovation in Aging
2018
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6227507/
10.1093/geroni/igy023.2147
PMC6227507
S X Leng, H Li, J H Bream, T L Nilles, J B Margolick (2018). T-Cell Responses to Cmv and Inflammatory/Immune Activation Markers in HIV-Infected or at Risk Men. Innovation in Aging, 2(suppl_1), 579-580. PMC6227507
Journal Article
Risk of cardiovascular disease associated with exposure to abacavir among individuals with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analyses of results from 17 epidemiologic studies
Int J Antimicrob Agents
2018
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30040992
OBJECTIVES: Abacavir's potential to cause cardiovascular disease (CVD) among people living with HIV (PLWH) is debated. We conduct a systematic review and meta-analyses to assess CVD risk from recent and cumulative abacavir exposure. METHODS: We searched Medline, Embase, Web of Science, abstracts from Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, and International AIDS Society/AIDS Conferences and bibliographies of review articles to identify research studies published through 2018 on CVD risk associated with abacavir exposure among PLWH. Studies assessing risk of CVD associated with recent (exposure within last 6 months) or cumulative abacavir exposure across all age-groups were eligible. Risks were quantified using fixed- and random-effects models. RESULTS: Of 378 unique citations, 68 full-text research articles and abstracts were reviewed. Seventeen studies assessed risk of CVD from recent or cumulative abacavir exposure. Summary relative risk (sRR) is increased for recent
10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.07.010
30040992
PMC7791605
Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage/*adverse effects Cardiovascular Diseases/*chemically induced/*epidemiology/pathology Dideoxynucleosides/administration & dosage/*adverse effects Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy Humans Male Middle Aged Risk Assessment Young Adult Abacavir Cardiovascular disease Human immunodeficiency virus
Dorjee K, Choden T, Baxi SM, Steinmaus C, Reingold AL (2018). Risk of cardiovascular disease associated with exposure to abacavir among individuals with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analyses of results from 17 epidemiologic studies. Int J Antimicrob Agents, 52(5), 541-553. PMC7791605
Journal Article
Cohort Profile: The Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS)
Int J Epidemiol
2018
1-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29688497
10.1093/ije/dyy021
29688497
PMC5913596
Adult Cohort Studies Disease Progression Female HIV Infections/*epidemiology/mortality/physiopathology/therapy Humans Middle Aged United States/epidemiology
Adimora AA, Ramirez C, Benning L, Greenblatt RM, Kempf MC, Tien PC, Kassaye SG, Anastos K, Cohen M, Minkoff H, Wingood G, Ofotokun I, Fischl MA, Gange S (2018). Cohort Profile: The Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). Int J Epidemiol, 47(2), 393-394i. PMC5913596
Journal Article
Association between the use of protease inhibitors in highly active antiretroviral therapy and incidence of diabetes mellitus and/or metabolic syndrome in HIV-infected patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Int J STD AIDS
2018
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28956700
This systematic review and meta-analysis tries to determine whether there is an association between the use of protease inhibitors (PIs) and the incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and/or metabolic syndrome (MS) in HIV-infected patients. A systematic literature search was performed using MEDLINE/PubMed, CENTRAL, LILACS, and EMBASE. Included articles were observational studies published on or prior to November 2015 that met specific inclusion criteria. Pooled relative risks (RRs) and hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated. Nine articles met the inclusion criteria, describing 13,742 HIV patients. Use of PIs was associated with the development of MS (RR: 2.11; 95% CI 1.28-3.48; p-value 0.003). No association between the use of PIs and development of DM was found: the HR for the incidence of DM among patients using PIs was 1.23 (95% CI 0.66-2.30; p-value: 0.51) and the RR was 1.25 (95% CI 0.99-1.58; p-value 0.06). Use of PIs in HIV-infected patients is associated with an increased risk of MS.
10.1177/0956462417732226
28956700
Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*adverse effects Diabetes Mellitus/chemically induced/*epidemiology Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/epidemiology Humans Incidence Metabolic Syndrome/chemically induced/*epidemiology Protease Inhibitors/adverse effects/*therapeutic use United Kingdom/epidemiology *hiv *antiretroviral therapy *diabetes mellitus *incidence *metabolic syndrome *protease inhibitor
Echecopar-Sabogal J, D'Angelo-Piaggio L, Chanamé-Baca DM, Ugarte-Gil C (2018). Association between the use of protease inhibitors in highly active antiretroviral therapy and incidence of diabetes mellitus and/or metabolic syndrome in HIV-infected patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J STD AIDS, 29(5), 443-452.
Journal Article
Natural History of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia-2 in HIV-Positive Women of Reproductive Age
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2018
15-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30272635
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the natural history of treated and untreated cervical intraepithelial neoplasia-2 (CIN2) among HIV-positive women. METHODS: Participants were women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study between 1994 and 2013. One hundred four HIV-positive women diagnosed with CIN2 before age 46 were selected, contributing 2076 visits over a median of 10 years (interquartile range 5-16). The outcome of interest was biopsy-confirmed CIN2 progression, defined as CIN3 or invasive cervical cancer. CIN2 treatment was abstracted from medical records. RESULTS: Most women were African American (53%), current smokers (53%), and had a median age of 33 years at CIN2 diagnosis. Among the 104 HIV-positive women, 62 (59.6%) did not receive CIN2 treatment. Twelve HIV-positive women (11.5%) showed CIN2 progression to CIN3; none were diagnosed with cervical cancer. There was no difference in the median time to progression between CIN2-treated and CIN2-untreated HIV-positive women (2.9 vs.
10.1097/QAI.0000000000001865
30272635
PMC6231968
Adolescent Adult Biopsy Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia/*pathology *Disease Progression Female HIV Infections/*complications Humans Longitudinal Studies Middle Aged Prospective Studies Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/*pathology Young Adult
Colie C, Michel KG, Massad LS, Wang C, DʼSouza G, Rahangdale L, Flowers L, Milam J, Palefsky JM, Minkoff H, Strickler HD, Kassaye SG (2018). Natural History of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia-2 in HIV-Positive Women of Reproductive Age. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 79(5), 573-579. PMC6231968
Journal Article
Recent Abacavir Use Increases Risk of Type 1 and Type 2 Myocardial Infarctions Among Adults With HIV
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2018
1-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29419568
BACKGROUND: There is persistent confusion as to whether abacavir (ABC) increases the risk of myocardial infarction (MI), and whether such risk differs by type 1 (T1MI) or 2 (T2MI) MI in adults with HIV. METHODS: Incident MIs in North American Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design participants were identified from 2001 to 2013. Discrete time marginal structural models addressed channeling biases and time-dependent confounding to estimate crude hazard ratio (HR) and adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) and 95% confidence intervals; analyses were performed for T1MI and T2MI separately. A sensitivity analysis evaluated whether Framingham risk score (FRS) modified the effect of ABC on MI occurrence. RESULTS: Eight thousand two hundred sixty-five adults who initiated antiretroviral therapy contributed 29,077 person-years and 123 MI events (65 T1MI and 58 T2MI). Median follow-up time was 2.9 (interquartile range 1.4-5.1) years. ABC initiators were more likely to have a history of injection drug
10.1097/QAI.0000000000001642
29419568
PMC5889316
Adult Aged Antirheumatic Agents/*adverse effects/therapeutic use CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Dideoxynucleosides/*adverse effects Female HIV Infections/*complications/drug therapy Humans Male Middle Aged Myocardial Infarction/epidemiology/*etiology North America Risk Assessment Risk Factors
Elion RA, Althoff KN, Zhang J, Moore RD, Gange SJ, Kitahata MM, Crane HM, Drozd DR, Stein JH, Klein MB, Eron JJ, Silverberg MJ, Mathews WC, Justice AC, Sterling TR, Rabkin CS, Mayor AM, Klein DB, Horberg MA, Bosch RJ, Eyawo O, Palella FJ Jr; (2018). Recent Abacavir Use Increases Risk of Type 1 and Type 2 Myocardial Infarctions Among Adults With HIV. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 78(1), 62-72. PMC5889316
Journal Article
Bone Mineral Density Declines Twice as Quickly Among HIV-Infected Women Compared With Men
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2018
1-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29140875
BACKGROUND: Initial declines in bone mineral density (BMD) after antiretroviral therapy initiation in HIV are well described, but data on long-term changes and risk factors for decline, particularly among women, are limited. METHODS: HIV-infected men and women in the Modena Metabolic Clinic underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans every 6-12 months for up to 10 years (median 4.6 years). Mixed effect regression models in combined and sex-stratified models determined annual rates of decline and clinical factors associated with BMD. Models included demographics, HIV-specific factors, and bone-specific factors; a final model added a sex x time interaction term. RESULTS: A total of 839 women and 1759 men contributed >/=2 DXA scans. The majority (82%) were 50 years and younger; 76% had HIV-1 RNA <50 copies per milliliter at baseline; 15% of women were postmenopausal and 7% of men had hypogonadism; and 30% and 27%, respectively, had hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection. The adjus
10.1097/QAI.0000000000001591
29140875
PMC5807215
Absorptiometry, Photon Adult Anti-Retroviral Agents/*adverse effects/therapeutic use *Bone Density Coinfection Female Femur Head/pathology HIV Infections/*complications/drug therapy Humans Longitudinal Studies Lumbar Vertebrae/pathology Male Middle Aged Osteoporosis/chemically induced/*epidemiology/*pathology Risk Factors *Sex Factors Young Adult
Erlandson KM, Lake JE, Sim M, Falutz J, Prado CM, Domingues da Silva AR, Brown TT, Guaraldi G (2018). Bone Mineral Density Declines Twice as Quickly Among HIV-Infected Women Compared With Men. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 77(3), 288-294. PMC5807215
Journal Article
NIHMS918524
Brief Report: Recent Methamphetamine Use Is Associated With Increased Rectal Mucosal Inflammatory Cytokines, Regardless of HIV-1 Serostatus
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2018
1-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29419567
BACKGROUND: Methamphetamine use increases the risk of HIV-1 infection among seronegative users and can exacerbate disease progression in HIV-positive users. The biological mechanisms underlying these associations remain unclear. In this cross-sectional pilot study, we examine the associations between recent methamphetamine use and inflammation in the rectal mucosa and peripheral blood compartments in HIV-1 seropositive and seronegative men who have sex with men. METHODS: HIV-seronegative and HIV-seropositive men who have sex with men participants were enrolled (N = 24). Recent methamphetamine use was determined by urine drug screen. Cytokines were quantified using multiplex arrays from collected plasma and rectal sponge samples, and peripheral blood T-cell activation was assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Methamphetamine use was associated with consistently increased rectal inflammatory cytokines, specifically interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, regardless of HIV-1 serosta
10.1097/QAI.0000000000001643
29419567
PMC5810127
Adult Cross-Sectional Studies Cytokines/*blood Gastrointestinal Tract/immunology *HIV Infections/complications *HIV Seropositivity Hiv-1 Homosexuality, Male Humans Inflammation Interleukin-6/blood Male Methamphetamine/*adverse effects Middle Aged Mucous Membrane/*drug effects/*immunology Pilot Projects Sexual Behavior T-Lymphocytes Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/blood
Fulcher JA, Shoptaw S, Makgoeng SB, Elliott J, Ibarrondo FJ, Ragsdale A, Brookmeyer R, Anton PA, Gorbach PM (2018). Brief Report: Recent Methamphetamine Use Is Associated With Increased Rectal Mucosal Inflammatory Cytokines, Regardless of HIV-1 Serostatus. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 78(1), 119-123. PMC5810127
Journal Article
NIHMS937769
Abdominal Fat Depots and Subclinical Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis in Women With and Without HIV Infection
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2018
1-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29210836
BACKGROUND: Data on associations between abdominal fat depot mass and subclinical atherosclerosis are limited, especially in women with HIV. METHODS: We assessed cross-sectional associations of dual X-ray absorptiometry scan-derived estimates of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) with 3 measures of subclinical carotid artery atherosclerosis-carotid artery stiffness (Young's modulus of elasticity), presence of carotid artery lesions, and carotid artery intima-media thickness-in a subsample of participants in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Statistical models adjusted for demographic variables, HIV serostatus, behavioral variables, and cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS: There were 244 women with and 99 without HIV infection (median age 42, 62% black). VAT mass (but not SAT) was associated with greater carotid artery stiffness in a fully adjusted linear regression model, including adjustment for SAT (beta = 11.3 log 10.N.m per kg VAT, 95% c
10.1097/QAI.0000000000001606
29210836
PMC5807152
Abdominal Fat/*anatomy & histology Absorptiometry, Photon Adult Animals Atherosclerosis/*epidemiology/*pathology Carotid Arteries/*pathology Cross-Sectional Studies Female HIV Infections/*complications Humans Intra-Abdominal Fat/*anatomy & histology Middle Aged Prospective Studies Risk Factors Subcutaneous Fat/*anatomy & histology Tunica Intima/pathology Tunica Media/pathology Vascular Stiffness
Glesby MJ, Hanna DB, Hoover DR, Shi Q, Yin MT, Kaplan R, Tien PC, Cohen M, Anastos K, Sharma A (2018). Abdominal Fat Depots and Subclinical Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis in Women With and Without HIV Infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 77(3), 308-316. PMC5807152
Journal Article
NIHMS921997
Reduced Cancer Survival Among Adults With HIV and AIDS-Defining Illnesses Despite No Difference in Cancer Stage at Diagnosis
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2018
1-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30211722
BACKGROUND: It is not known whether immune dysfunction is associated with increased risk of death after cancer diagnosis in persons with HIV (PWH). AIDS-defining illness (ADI) can signal significant immunosuppression. Our objective was to determine differences in cancer stage and mortality rates in PWH with and without history of ADI. METHODS: PWH with anal, oropharynx, cervical, lung cancers, or Hodgkin lymphoma diagnoses from January 2000 to December 2009 in the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design were included. RESULTS: Among 81,865 PWH, 814 had diagnoses included in the study; 341 (39%) had a history of ADI at time of cancer diagnosis. For each cancer type, stage at diagnosis did not differ by ADI (P > 0.05). Mortality and survival estimates for cervical cancer were limited by n = 5 diagnoses. Adjusted mortality rate ratios showed a 30%-70% increase in mortality among those with ADI for all cancer diagnoses, although only lung cancer was statistically si
10.1097/QAI.0000000000001842
30211722
PMC6203623
Adult Female HIV Infections/*complications Humans Male Middle Aged Neoplasm Staging Neoplasms/*mortality/*pathology Survival Analysis
Grover S, Desir F, Jing Y, Bhatia RK, Trifiletti DM, Swisher-McClure S, Kobie J, Moore RD, Rabkin CS, Silverberg MJ, Salters K, Mathews WC, Gill MJ, Thorne JE, Castilho J, Kitahata MM, Justice A, Horberg MA, Achenbach CJ, Mayor AM, Althoff KN (2018). Reduced Cancer Survival Among Adults With HIV and AIDS-Defining Illnesses Despite No Difference in Cancer Stage at Diagnosis. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 79(4), 421-429. PMC6203623
Journal Article
Herpes Zoster and Herpes Zoster Vaccine Rates Among Adults Living With and Without HIV in the Veterans Aging Cohort Study
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2018
1-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30179984
BACKGROUND: Despite historically high rates of herpes zoster among people living with HIV (PLWH), comparative studies of herpes zoster by HIV serostatus are lacking since the advent of combination antiretroviral therapy and availability of zoster vaccine. METHODS: Annual rates (2002-2015) of first-episode herpes zoster and zoster vaccination were calculated for PLWH and uninfected adults in the Veterans Aging Cohort Study and stratified by HIV serostatus and age. Herpes zoster was captured using ICD9 codes and vaccine receipt with procedural codes and pharmacy data. RESULTS: Of 45,177 PLWH and 103,040 uninfected veterans, rates of herpes zoster decreased among PLWH (17.6-8.1/1000) over the study period but remained higher than uninfected adults (4.1/1000) at the end of study period. Rates were higher in PLWH with lower CD4 (<200 vs >500 cells/microL: 18.0 vs 6.8/1000) and unsuppressed vs suppressed HIV-1 RNA (21.8 vs 7.1/1000). Restricted to virologically suppressed participants with C
10.1097/QAI.0000000000001846
30179984
PMC6203599
Adult Age Factors Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/*complications/drug therapy HIV-1/isolation & purification Herpes Zoster/*epidemiology/*prevention & control Herpes Zoster Vaccine/*administration & dosage Humans Male Middle Aged Plasma/virology Prevalence RNA, Viral/analysis Vaccination Coverage/*statistics & numerical data *Veterans Viral Load
Hawkins KL, Gordon KS, Levin MJ, Weinberg A, Battaglia C, Rodriguez-Barradas MC, Brown ST, Rimland D, Justice A, Tate J, Erlandson KM (2018). Herpes Zoster and Herpes Zoster Vaccine Rates Among Adults Living With and Without HIV in the Veterans Aging Cohort Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 79(4), 527-533. PMC6203599
Journal Article
Carotid Artery Stiffness and Cognitive Decline Among Women With or at Risk for HIV Infection
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2018
1-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29578932
BACKGROUND: Vascular stiffness is associated with aging and cognitive impairment in older populations without HIV. HIV has been linked to increased vascular stiffness. We examined whether vascular stiffness relates to cognitive decline at younger ages in women with or at risk for HIV. METHODS: We evaluated the association of carotid artery stiffness with decline in neuropsychological test performance among participants in the Women's Interagency HIV Study and assessed whether HIV modified the association. Baseline carotid stiffness, defined by the distensibility index, was determined at a single visit using carotid artery ultrasound. Longitudinal neuropsychological testing from 2004-2016 included Trail Making Tests A and B and the Symbol Digit Modalities Test. Relationships were assessed with linear mixed-effect models adjusted for demographic, behavioral, cardiometabolic, and neuropsychological factors. RESULTS: Among 1662 women (1192 [72%] HIV+), median baseline age was 41 years (int
10.1097/QAI.0000000000001685
29578932
PMC5997527
Adult Aged Carotid Arteries/*pathology Cognitive Dysfunction/*physiopathology Female HIV Infections/*physiopathology Humans Middle Aged Risk Factors
Huck DM, Hanna DB, Rubin LH, Maki P, Valcour V, Springer G, Xue X, Lazar J, Hodis HN, Anastos K, Kaplan RC, Kizer JR (2018). Carotid Artery Stiffness and Cognitive Decline Among Women With or at Risk for HIV Infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 78(3), 338-347. PMC5997527
Journal Article
NIHMS953086
Pre-exposure Prophylaxis With Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Emtricitabine and Kidney Tubular Dysfunction in HIV-Uninfected Individuals
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2018
1-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29767638
BACKGROUND: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and emtricitabine (FTC) is becoming increasingly adopted for HIV prevention. Tenofovir can cause proximal tubular damage and chronic kidney disease in HIV-infected persons, but little is known regarding its nephrotoxic potential among HIV-uninfected persons. In this study, we evaluated the effects of PrEP on urine levels of the following: alpha1-microglobulin (alpha1m), a marker of impaired tubular reabsorption; albuminuria, a measure of glomerular injury; and total proteinuria. SETTING: The Iniciativa Profilaxis Pre-Exposicion (iPrEx) study randomized HIV-seronegative men and transgender women who have sex with men to oral TDF/FTC or placebo. The iPrEx open-label extension (iPrEx-OLE) study enrolled former PrEP trial participants to receive open-label TDF/FTC. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis compared urine biomarker levels by study arm in iPrEx (N = 100 treatment arm, N = 100 placebo arm). Then, u
10.1097/QAI.0000000000001654
29767638
PMC6071417
Adult Albuminuria/urine Alpha-Globulins/analysis Anti-HIV Agents/*adverse effects Biomarkers/urine Cross-Sectional Studies Emtricitabine/*adverse effects Female Glomerular Filtration Rate Hiv HIV Infections/*prevention & control Humans Kidney Diseases/*chemically induced Kidney Function Tests Male Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis/*methods Proteinuria/urine Tenofovir/*adverse effects Transgender Persons Urine Young Adult
Jotwani V, Scherzer R, Glidden DV, Mehrotra M, Defechereux P, Liu A, Gandhi M, Bennett M, Coca SG, Parikh CR, Grant RM, Shlipak MG (2018). Pre-exposure Prophylaxis With Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Emtricitabine and Kidney Tubular Dysfunction in HIV-Uninfected Individuals. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 78(2), 169-174. PMC6071417
Journal Article
NIHMS981630
Brief Report: Changes in Plasma RANKL-Osteoprotegerin in a Prospective, Randomized Clinical Trial of Initial Antiviral Therapy: A5260s
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2018
1-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29533303
BACKGROUND: The contributions of the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) axis to cardiovascular and bone disease in treated HIV-1 infection are not well defined. SETTING: Prospective, observational, longitudinal study. METHODS: In a subset analysis of a prospective randomized clinical trial, 234 HIV-1-infected antiretroviral therapy-naive participants received tenofovir-emtricitabine plus either atazanavir/ritonavir, darunavir/ritonavir, or raltegravir and achieved plasma HIV-1 RNA <50 copies per milliliter by week 24 and thereafter. Associations between plasma RANKL, OPG, or RANKL/OPG ratio levels with total, hip, and spine bone mineral density (BMD) loss or progression of carotid artery intima-media thickness were assessed longitudinally over 96 weeks. RESULTS: Over 96 weeks, all treatment groups had similar and sustained declines in plasma RANKL, increases in plasma OPG, and subsequently, decreases in the RANKL/OPG ratio. There were no a
10.1097/QAI.0000000000001679
29533303
PMC5997510
Adult Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy Humans Male Middle Aged Osteoprotegerin/*blood Prospective Studies RANK Ligand/*blood
Kelesidis T, Moser CB, Johnston E, Stein JH, Dube MP, Yang OO, McComsey GA, Currier JS, Brown TT (2018). Brief Report: Changes in Plasma RANKL-Osteoprotegerin in a Prospective, Randomized Clinical Trial of Initial Antiviral Therapy: A5260s. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 78(3), 362-366. PMC5997510
Journal Article
NIHMS948047
Brief Report: Circulating Markers of Immunologic Activity Reflect Adiposity in Persons With HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2018
1-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29794823
BACKGROUND: Obesity alters adipose tissue immunology, and these changes may be reflected in circulating soluble inflammatory biomarker and T-cell subset profiles measured in HIV research studies. METHODS: We recruited 70 adults with HIV (50% obese) on efavirenz, tenofovir, and emtricitabine, virologic suppression for >2 years, and no rheumatologic or other known inflammatory conditions. We measured fasting plasma levels of several markers of innate immunity and major CD4 and CD8 T-cell subsets. We assessed relationships between measurements of total adiposity [body mass index (BMI), dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-quantified fat mass index (FMI), and plasma leptin] and the immunologic parameters using covariate-adjusted Spearman's rank correlations. RESULTS: The cohort was 43% women, 54% nonwhite, and median age was 45 years. Higher BMI, FMI, and plasma leptin were consistently associated with higher C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, and interleukin-6 (P < 0.01 for all), but lower
10.1097/QAI.0000000000001768
29794823
PMC6092237
Absorptiometry, Photon *Adiposity Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use Biomarkers/blood CD4 Lymphocyte Count Female HIV Infections/blood/*drug therapy/*immunology Humans Male Middle Aged
Koethe JR, Jenkins CA, Furch BD, Lake JE, Barnett L, Hager CC, Smith R, Hulgan T, Shepherd BE, Kalams SA (2018). Brief Report: Circulating Markers of Immunologic Activity Reflect Adiposity in Persons With HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 79(1), 135-140. PMC6092237
Journal Article
NIHMS968466
Factors Associated With Progression of Lung Function Abnormalities in HIV-Infected Individuals
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2018
1-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30142142
BACKGROUND: HIV is an independent risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; however, baseline risk factors for lung function decline remain largely unknown in this population. METHODS: HIV-infected participants in the Pittsburgh Lung HIV Cohort with at least 3 pulmonary function measurements between 2007 and 2016 were included. Pulmonary function testing including postbronchodilator (BD) spirometry and diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLco) was performed every 18 months. We used a mixed-effect linear model to evaluate factors associated with pulmonary function testing and DLco decline and logistic regression models to evaluate factors associated with rapid FEV1 decline (defined as >80 mL per year) and any DLco decline. RESULTS: Two hundred eighty-five HIV-infected participants were included. Median baseline CD4 cell count was 521 cells per micro liter, 61.9% had an undetectable HIV viral load at baseline, and 78.5% were receiving ART. Approximately 20% of participan
10.1097/QAI.0000000000001840
30142142
PMC6203646
Adolescent Adult Age Factors Aged Aged, 80 and over Female HIV Infections/*complications Humans Lung/*physiopathology Male Middle Aged Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/*physiopathology Risk Factors Sex Factors Spirometry Young Adult
Li Y, Nouraie SM, Kessinger C, Weinman R, Huang L, Greenblatt RM, Kleerup E, Kingsley L, McMahon D, Fitzpatrick M, Morris A (2018). Factors Associated With Progression of Lung Function Abnormalities in HIV-Infected Individuals. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 79(4), 501-509. PMC6203646
Journal Article
Differences in Cognitive Function Between Women and Men With HIV
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2018
1-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29847476
BACKGROUND: Women may be more vulnerable to HIV-related cognitive dysfunction compared with men because of sociodemographic, lifestyle, mental health, and biological factors. However, studies to date have yielded inconsistent findings on the existence, magnitude, and pattern of sex differences. We examined these issues using longitudinal data from 2 large, prospective, multisite, observational studies of US women and men with and without HIV. SETTING: The Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) and Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). METHODS: HIV-infected (HIV+) and uninfected (HIV-) participants in the Women's Interagency HIV Study and Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study completed tests of psychomotor speed, executive function, and fine motor skills. Groups were matched on HIV status, sex, age, education, and black race. Generalized linear mixed models were used to examine group differences on continuous and categorical demographically corrected T-scores. Results were adjusted for other conf
10.1097/QAI.0000000000001764
29847476
PMC6092201
Adult Case-Control Studies *Cognition Female HIV Infections/*psychology Humans Longitudinal Studies Male Middle Aged Neuropsychological Tests Prospective Studies *Sex Factors
Maki PM, Rubin LH, Springer G, Seaberg EC, Sacktor N, Miller EN, Valcour V, Young MA, Becker JT, Martin EM (2018). Differences in Cognitive Function Between Women and Men With HIV. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 79(1), 101-107. PMC6092201
Journal Article
Use of Nonantiretroviral Medications That May Impact Neurocognition: Patterns and Predictors in a Large, Long-Term HIV Cohort Study
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2018
1-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29762344
BACKGROUND: Neurocognitive impairment is a frequent and often disabling comorbidity of HIV infection. In addition to antiretroviral therapies, individuals with HIV infection may commonly use nonantiretroviral medications that are known to cause neurocognitive adverse effects (NC-AE). The contribution of NC-AE to neurocognitive impairment is rarely considered in the context of HIV and could explain part of the variability in neurocognitive performance among individuals with HIV. SETTING: Women's Interagency HIV Study, a prospective, multisite, observational study of US women with and without HIV. METHODS: After a literature review, 79 medications (excluding statins) with NC-AE were identified and reported by Women's Interagency HIV Study participants. We examined factors associated with self-reported use of these medications over a 10-year period. Generalized estimating equations for binary outcomes were used to assess sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics associate
10.1097/QAI.0000000000001658
29762344
PMC5962283
Adult Anti-Retroviral Agents/*adverse effects/therapeutic use Cohort Studies *Comorbidity Depression Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy Humans Income Insurance, Health Middle Aged Neurocognitive Disorders/*chemically induced Prospective Studies Self Report Treatment Outcome United States
Radtke KK, Bacchetti P, Anastos K, Merenstein D, Crystal H, Karim R, Weber KM, Edmonds A, Sheth AN, Fischl MA, Vance D, Greenblatt RM, Rubin LH (2018). Use of Nonantiretroviral Medications That May Impact Neurocognition: Patterns and Predictors in a Large, Long-Term HIV Cohort Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 78(2), 202-208. PMC5962283
Journal Article
Cognitive Burden of Common Non-antiretroviral Medications in HIV-Infected Women
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2018
1-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29781879
OBJECTIVE: The aging HIV population has increased comorbidity burden and consequently non-antiretroviral medication utilization. Many non-antiretroviral medications have known neurocognitive-adverse effects ("NC-AE medications"). We assessed the cognitive effects of NC-AE medications in HIV+ and HIV- women. METHODS: One thousand five hundred fifty-eight participants (1037 HIV+; mean age 46) from the Women's Interagency HIV Study completed a neuropsychological test battery between 2009 and 2011. The total number of NC-AE medications and subgroups (eg, anticholinergics) were calculated based on self-report. Generalized linear models for non-normal data were used to examine the cognitive burden of medications and factors that exacerbate these effects. RESULTS: HIV+ women reported taking more NC-AE medications vs. HIV- women (P < 0.05). NC-AE medication use altogether was not associated with cognitive performance. However, among NC-AE medication subgroups, anticholinergic-acting medication
10.1097/QAI.0000000000001755
29781879
PMC6092212
Adult Analgesics, Opioid/adverse effects Anti-Anxiety Agents/adverse effects Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use Antidepressive Agents/adverse effects Antihypertensive Agents/adverse effects Cognitive Dysfunction/*chemically induced Comorbidity Cross-Sectional Studies Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions Female HIV Infections/complications/*drug therapy Histamine Antagonists/adverse effects Humans Medication Adherence Middle Aged Neuropsychological Tests
Rubin LH, Radtke KK, Eum S, Tamraz B, Kumanan KN, Springer G, Maki PM, Anastos K, Merenstein D, Karim R, Weber KM, Gustafson D, Greenblatt RM, Bishop JR (2018). Cognitive Burden of Common Non-antiretroviral Medications in HIV-Infected Women. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 79(1), 83-91. PMC6092212
Journal Article
Brief Report: Adherence Biomarker Measurements in Older and Younger HIV-Infected Adults Receiving Tenofovir-Based Therapy
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2018
1-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29189417
BACKGROUND: Concentrations of tenofovir (TFV) in hair and tenofovir diphosphate (TFV-DP) in dried blood spots (DBSs) as measures of cumulative exposure have been primarily studied in younger, HIV-uninfected individuals taking preexposure HIV prophylaxis. Data on these measures among older HIV-infected individuals are limited. METHODS: We evaluated longitudinal TFV and TFV-DP concentrations in hair and DBS, respectively, from HIV-infected adults. Multivariable model variables included age group (18-35 and 60 years and older), creatinine clearance (CrCl), hematocrit (TFV-DP), and gray hair color (TFV). RESULTS: Baseline hair TFV and DBS TFV-DP were moderately correlated [r = 0.5 (0.2 to 0.7); P = 0.001] across both age groups [younger (N = 23) and older (N = 22)]. In adjusted models, CrCl was associated with increases of 15.9% (7.4% to 25.0%); P = 0.0006, and 5.7% (-0.2% to 11.9%); P = 0.057 for TFV in hair and TFV-DP in DBS, respectively, for every 20-mL/min CrCl decrease. Although olde
10.1097/QAI.0000000000001596
29189417
PMC5807216
Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Antiviral Agents/*therapeutic use Biomarkers/*analysis Blood Chemical Analysis Chemistry Techniques, Analytical Creatinine/blood HIV Infections/*drug therapy Hair/chemistry Humans Longitudinal Studies *Medication Adherence Metabolic Clearance Rate Middle Aged Tenofovir/*therapeutic use Young Adult
Seifert SM, Castillo-Mancilla JR, Erlandson K, Morrow M, Gandhi M, Kuncze K, Horng H, Zheng JH, Bushman LR, Kiser JJ, MaWhinney S, Anderson PL (2018). Brief Report: Adherence Biomarker Measurements in Older and Younger HIV-Infected Adults Receiving Tenofovir-Based Therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 77(3), 295-298. PMC5807216
Journal Article
NIHMS919917
HIV Infection Is Associated With Abnormal Bone Microarchitecture: Measurement of Trabecular Bone Score in the Women's Interagency HIV Study
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2018
1-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29940603
OBJECTIVES: We compared skeletal microarchitecture using trabecular bone score (TBS) and evaluated relationships between change in TBS and lumbar spine (LS) bone mineral density (BMD) in women with and without HIV. METHODS: Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was performed on 319 women with HIV and 118 without HIV in the Women's Interagency HIV Study at baseline and 2 and 5 years, to measure regional BMD and lean and fat mass. TBS was extracted from LS dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry images and examined continuously and categorically [normal (>/=1.35), intermediate (1.20-1.35), or degraded (</=1.20) microarchitecture]. Pearson correlation and linear regression examined associations of TBS with regional BMD at baseline and over time. RESULTS: Women with HIV were older (43 vs. 37 years), more likely to be postmenopausal (27% vs. 4%), have lower baseline total fat mass, trunk fat, and leg fat than uninfected women, degraded microarchitecture (27% vs. 9%, P = 0.001), and lower baseline mean
10.1097/QAI.0000000000001692
29940603
PMC6020168
Absorptiometry, Photon Adult *Bone Density Cancellous Bone/*pathology Female HIV Infections/*pathology Humans Longitudinal Studies Lumbar Vertebrae/*pathology Middle Aged
Sharma A, Ma Y, Tien PC, Scherzer R, Anastos K, Cohen MH, Hans D, Yin MT (2018). HIV Infection Is Associated With Abnormal Bone Microarchitecture: Measurement of Trabecular Bone Score in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 78(4), 441-449. PMC6020168
Journal Article
Brief Report: Cutaneous Melanoma Risk Among People With HIV in the United States and Canada
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2018
15-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29771785
BACKGROUND: Cutaneous melanoma incidence may be modestly elevated in people with HIV (PWH) vs. people without HIV. However, little is known about the relationship of immunosuppression, HIV replication, and antiretroviral therapy (ART) with melanoma risk. METHODS: PWH of white race in the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design were included. A standardized incidence ratio was calculated comparing risk with the white general population, standardizing by age, sex, and calendar period. Associations between melanoma incidence and current, lagged, and cumulative measures of CD4 count, HIV RNA level, and ART use were estimated with Cox regression, adjusting for established risk factors such as age and annual residential ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure. RESULTS: Eighty melanomas were diagnosed among 33,934 white PWH (incidence = 40.75 per 100,000 person-years). Incidence was not elevated compared with the general population [standardized incidence ratio = 1.15, 95% confid
10.1097/QAI.0000000000001719
29771785
PMC6037538
Adult Canada/epidemiology Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/*complications Humans Incidence Male Melanoma/complications/*epidemiology Middle Aged Risk Factors Skin Neoplasms/complications/*epidemiology United States/epidemiology
Yanik EL, Hernández-Ramírez RU, Qin L, Lin H, Leyden W, Neugebauer RS, Horberg MA, Moore RD, Mathews WC, Justice AC, Hessol NA, Mayor AM, Gill MJ, Brooks JT, Sun J, Althoff KN, Engels EA, Silverberg MJ, Dubrow R (2018). Brief Report: Cutaneous Melanoma Risk Among People With HIV in the United States and Canada. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 78(5), 499-504. PMC6037538
Journal Article
NIHMS962913
Obesity following ART initiation is common and influenced by both traditional and HIV-/ART-specific risk factors
J Antimicrob Chemother
2018
1-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29722811
Background: Obesity rates are increasing among HIV-infected individuals, but risk factors for obesity development on ART remain unclear. Objectives: In a cohort of HIV-infected adults in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, we aimed to determine obesity rates before and after ART initiation and to analyse risk factors for obesity on ART. Methods: We retrospectively analysed data from individuals initiating ART between 2000 and 2015. BMI was calculated at baseline (time of ART initiation). Participants who were non-obese at baseline and had >/=90 days of ART exposure were followed until the development of obesity or the end of follow-up. Obesity incidence rates were estimated using Poisson regression models and risk factors were assessed using Cox regression models. Results: Of participants analysed at baseline (n = 1794), 61.3% were male, 48.3% were white and 7.9% were obese. Among participants followed longitudinally (n = 1567), 66.2% primarily used an NNRTI, 32.9% a PI and 0.9% an integrase stran
10.1093/jac/dky145
29722811
PMC6054231
Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Anti-Retroviral Agents/*adverse effects/*therapeutic use Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*adverse effects/methods Body Mass Index Brazil/epidemiology Female HIV Infections/*complications/*drug therapy Humans Incidence Longitudinal Studies Male Middle Aged Obesity/*chemically induced/*epidemiology Retrospective Studies Risk Factors Sex Factors Young Adult
Bakal DR, Coelho LE, Luz PM, Clark JL, De Boni RB, Cardoso SW, Veloso VG, Lake JE, Grinsztejn B (2018). Obesity following ART initiation is common and influenced by both traditional and HIV-/ART-specific risk factors. J Antimicrob Chemother, 73(8), 2177-2185. PMC6054231
Journal Article
Age Differences by Sex in Antiretroviral-Naive Participants: Pooled Analysis from Randomized Clinical Trials
J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care
2018
May - Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29475784
Age and sex effects on antiretroviral therapy (ART) response are not well elucidated. Our pooled analysis of 40 randomized clinical trials measured the association of age and sex on CD4+ T cell count changes and virologic suppression using multivariable regression modeling. The average increase in CD4+ T cell count from baseline to week 48 was 17.3 cells/mm(3) lower and clinically insignificant (95% confidence interval -30.8 to -3.8) among women ages >/= 50 years (n = 573), compared to women </= 35 years (n = 3,939). Results were similar for men. Virologic suppression odds were 60% and 21% times greater among participants >/=50 years compared to </=35 years, in women and men, respectively. In both sexes, larger increases in CD4+ T cell count changes were observed in younger, compared to older, participants; however, virologic suppression was higher in older, compared to younger, participants suggesting a non-sex-specific age effect response to ART.
10.1016/j.jana.2018.01.004
29475784
PMC5911400
Adult Age Factors Aged Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*methods CD4 Lymphocyte Count Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/immunology/virology HIV-1/*drug effects/isolation & purification Humans Male Middle Aged Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Sex Factors Treatment Outcome Viral Load/*drug effects *hiv *age *menopause *pooled analysis *response to antiretroviral therapy *women
Tracy LA, Struble K, Firnhaber C, Smeaton L, Lake JE, Bell T, Soon GG, Yan J, Schnippel K, Cohn SE (2018). Age Differences by Sex in Antiretroviral-Naive Participants: Pooled Analysis from Randomized Clinical Trials. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care, 29(3), 371-382. PMC5911400
Journal Article
NIHMS939509
Past, present or future? Word tense and affect in autobiographical narratives of women with HIV in relation to health indicators
J Behav Med
2018
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29938385
This study examined how the expression of positive and negative affect words and word tense in autobiographical narratives of 98 HIV+ women, predominantly African American, predicted undetectable HIV viral load (UDVL), CD4+ cells/mm(3) counts and antiretroviral therapy medication (ART) adherence assessed concurrently (T1) and at 3 to 9-month follow-up (T2). Logistic regressions revealed that higher past tense words predicted worse odds of UDVL, CD4+ cells/mm(3) above 350 at T1, and worse odds of 95% ART adherence at T2. However, using both high past tense words and high positive affect words predicted better odds of CD4+ cells/mm(3) > 350 at T2. Higher future tense words predicted better odds of CD4+ cells/mm(3) > 350 at T1. Additionally, using both high present tense words and negative affect words predicted better odds of UDVL at T1. These findings provide preliminary evidence that the quality of affect expression significantly interacts with temporal context to relate to the health
10.1007/s10865-018-9944-5
29938385
PMC6209518
Adult African Continental Ancestry Group/*psychology Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*psychology *CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/drug therapy/*psychology Humans Logistic Models Longitudinal Studies Male Middle Aged *Narration *Adherence *HIV health *Negative affect *Positive affect *Tense
Firpo-Perretti YM, Cohen MH, Weber KM, Brody LR (2018). Past, present or future? Word tense and affect in autobiographical narratives of women with HIV in relation to health indicators. J Behav Med, 41(6), 875-889. PMC6209518
Journal Article
Low thigh muscle mass is associated with coronary artery stenosis among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected men: The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS)
J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr
2018
Mar - Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29396194
BACKGROUND: HIV-infected individuals are at increased risk for both sarcopenia and cardiovascular disease. Whether an association between low muscle mass and subclinical coronary artery disease (CAD) exists, and if it is modified by HIV serostatus, are unknown. METHODS: We performed cross-sectional analysis of 513 male MACS participants (72% HIV-infected) who underwent mid-thigh computed tomography (CT) and non-contrast cardiac CT for coronary artery calcium (CAC) during 2010-2013. Of these, 379 also underwent coronary CT angiography for non-calcified coronary plaque (NCP) and obstructive coronary stenosis >/=50%. Multivariable-adjusted Poisson regression was used to estimate prevalence risk ratios of associations between low muscle mass (<20th percentile of the HIV-uninfected individuals in the sample) and CAC, NCP and obstructive stenosis. RESULTS: The prevalence of low thigh muscle mass was similar by HIV serostatus (20%). There was no association of low muscle mass with CAC or NCP.
10.1016/j.jcct.2018.01.007
29396194
PMC5869123
Aged Body Composition Chi-Square Distribution *Computed Tomography Angiography Coronary Angiography/*methods Coronary Artery Disease/*diagnostic imaging/epidemiology/pathology Coronary Stenosis/*diagnostic imaging/epidemiology/pathology Coronary Vessels/*diagnostic imaging/pathology Cross-Sectional Studies HIV Infections/diagnosis/*epidemiology Humans Male Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis Muscle, Skeletal/*diagnostic imaging/physiopathology Odds Ratio Plaque, Atherosclerotic Predictive Value of Tests Prevalence Prospective Studies Risk Factors Sarcopenia/*diagnostic imaging/epidemiology/physiopathology Thigh *Tomography, X-Ray Computed United States/epidemiology Coronary artery stenosis Coronary atherosclerosis HIV-infection Muscle mass Sarcopenia
Tibuakuu M, Zhao D, Saxena A, Brown TT, Jacobson LP, Palella FJ Jr, Witt MD, Koletar SL, Margolick JB, Guallar E, Korada SKC, Budoff MJ, Post WS, Michos ED (2018). Low thigh muscle mass is associated with coronary artery stenosis among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected men: The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr, 12(2), 131-138. PMC5869123
Journal Article
NIHMS939442
Objectively Measured Sedentary Behavior, Physical Activity, and Cardiometabolic Risk in Hispanic Youth: Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latino Youth
J Clin Endocrinol Metab
2018
1-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29947786
Context: Time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), but not in sedentary behavior (SB), is related to cardiometabolic risk among non-Hispanic white youth. Objective: Examine associations of SB and MVPA with cardiometabolic risk factors among Hispanic/Latino youth. Design: Cross-sectional analysis. Setting: Four US communities. Participants: Hispanic/Latino youth (N = 1,426) ages 8 to 16 years. Measurements: Associations of MVPA and SB, measured using 7-day accelerometer data (independent variables), with markers of glucose and lipid metabolism, inflammation, and endothelial function (dependent variables), were assessed in multivariable linear regression models while adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and accelerometer wear time. Additional models controlled for obesity measures. Results: SB comprised a mean (SD) of 75% (13%) of accelerometer wear time; mean (SD) time of MVPA was 35 min/d (22 min/d). Deleterious levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholestero
10.1210/jc.2018-00356
29947786
PMC6126884
Accelerometry/methods Adolescent Biomarkers/blood Cardiovascular Diseases/*ethnology/physiopathology Child Cholesterol, HDL/*blood Cross-Sectional Studies Exercise/*physiology Female Health Surveys Hispanic Americans/psychology/*statistics & numerical data Humans Insulin/blood Insulin Resistance/physiology Male Risk Factors Sedentary Behavior/*ethnology Socioeconomic Factors
Strizich G, Kaplan RC, Sotres-Alvarez D, Diaz KM, Daigre AL, Carnethon MR, Vidot DC, Delamater AM, Perez L, Perreira K, Isasi CR, Qi Q (2018). Objectively Measured Sedentary Behavior, Physical Activity, and Cardiometabolic Risk in Hispanic Youth: Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latino Youth. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 103(9), 3289-3298. PMC6126884
Journal Article
Intraindividual variability in neurocognitive performance: No influence due to HIV status or self-reported effort
J Clin Exp Neuropsychol
2018
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30124355
INTRODUCTION: HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are estimated to affect approximately 50% of infected individuals at any one time. Dispersion, a type of intraindividual variability in neurocognitive test performance, has been identified as a potential behavioral marker of HAND; however, the specificity of dispersion to HAND and how it is influenced by participant effort when taking neurocognitive tests remain unclear. METHOD: Data were analyzed from 996 (474 HIV-, 522 HIV+) men enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Dispersion was calculated based on the standard deviation of an individual's test scores within a single assessment. Effort was determined using the Visual Analogue Effort Scale. Predictors of dispersion were determined using stepwise linear regression. Dispersion was compared between the HIV serostatus groups using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), considering demographic and psychosocial variables that differed between the groups. RESULTS: Contr
10.1080/13803395.2018.1508554
30124355
PMC6294568
AIDS Dementia Complex/*psychology Adult Cognition/*physiology Cohort Studies Depression/psychology *Energy Metabolism Ethnic Groups HIV Seropositivity/*psychology Humans *Individuality Male Middle Aged Psychomotor Performance/*physiology Self Report *Dispersion *HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders *neuroHIV *suboptimal effort *visual analogue scale
Levine AJ, Martin E, Munro CA, Sacktor N, Horvath S, Becker JT (2018). Intraindividual variability in neurocognitive performance: No influence due to HIV status or self-reported effort. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol, 40(10), 1044-1049. PMC6294568
Journal Article
A Comparison of the Liver Fat Score and CT Liver-to-Spleen Ratio as Predictors of Fatty Liver Disease by HIV Serostatus
J Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol
2018
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30511049
Background and Aim: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is common among HIV-infected (HIV+) adults. The Liver Fat Score (LFS) is a non-invasive, rapid, inexpensive diagnostic tool that uses routine clinical data and is validated against biopsy in HIV-uninfected (HIV-) persons. CT liver-to-spleen (L/S) attenuation ratio is another validated method to diagnose NAFLD. We compared NAFLD prevalence using the LFS versus L/S ratio among Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study participants to assess the LFS's performance in HIV+vs. HIV-men. Methods: In a cross-sectional analysis of men reporting<3 alcoholic drinks daily (308 HIV+, 218 HIV-), Spearman correlations determined relationships between LFS and L/S ratio by HIV serostatus. Multivariable regression determined factors associated with discordance in LFS- and L/S ratio-defined NAFLD prevalence. Results: NAFLD prevalence by LFS and L/S ratio were 28%/15% for HIV+men and 20%/19% for HIV-men, respectively. Correlations between LFS and L/S ratio
10.21767/2575-7733.1000045
30511049
PMC6269145
Hepatic steatosis Human immunodeficiency Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
Mellor-Crummey LE, Lake JE, Wilhalme H, Tseng CH, Grant PM, Erlandson KM, Price JC, Palella FJ Jr, Kingsley LA, Budoff M, Post WS, Brown TT (2018). A Comparison of the Liver Fat Score and CT Liver-to-Spleen Ratio as Predictors of Fatty Liver Disease by HIV Serostatus. J Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2(3), . PMC6269145
Journal Article
Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 3DL1 variation modifies HLA-B*57 protection against HIV-1
J Clin Invest
2018
1-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29461980
HLA-B*57 control of HIV involves enhanced CD8+ T cell responses against infected cells, but extensive heterogeneity exists in the level of HIV control among B*57+ individuals. Using whole-genome sequencing of untreated B*57+ HIV-1-infected controllers and noncontrollers, we identified a single variant (rs643347A/G) encoding an isoleucine-to-valine substitution at position 47 (I47V) of the inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor KIR3DL1 as the only significant modifier of B*57 protection. The association was replicated in an independent cohort and across multiple outcomes. The modifying effect of I47V was confined to B*57:01 and was not observed for the closely related B*57:03. Positions 2, 47, and 54 tracked one another nearly perfectly, and 2 KIR3DL1 allotypes differing only at these 3 positions showed significant differences in binding B*57:01 tetramers, whereas the protective allotype showed lower binding. Thus, variation in an immune NK cell receptor that binds B*57:01
10.1172/JCI98463
29461980
PMC5919796
Adult Cohort Studies Female *Genetic Variation *HIV Infections/genetics/immunology HIV-1/*immunology *HLA-B Antigens/genetics/immunology Humans Male Middle Aged *Receptors, KIR3DL1/genetics/immunology *aids/hiv *Innate immunity *MHC class 1 *NK cells
Martin MP, Naranbhai V, Shea PR, Qi Y, Ramsuran V, Vince N, Gao X, Thomas R, Brumme ZL, Carlson JM, Wolinsky SM, Goedert JJ, Walker BD, Segal FP, Deeks SG, Haas DW, Migueles SA, Connors M, Michael N, Fellay J, Gostick E, Llewellyn-Lacey S, Price DA, Lafont BA, Pymm P, Saunders PM, Widjaja J, Wong SC, Vivian JP, Rossjohn J, Brooks AG, Carrington M (2018). Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 3DL1 variation modifies HLA-B*57 protection against HIV-1. J Clin Invest, 128(5), 1903-1912. PMC5919796
Journal Article
Examining the Associations Between Immigration Status and Perceived Stress Among HIV-Infected and Uninfected Women
J Community Health
2018
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29926272
Stress is associated with poor mental and physical health outcomes. In the United States (U.S.), little is known about perceived stress and associated factors among HIV-infected and immigrant women. Here, we examine these associations within a sample of 305 HIV-infected and uninfected, U.S.-born and non-U.S.-born women who were part of the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) at three sites (New York, Chicago, and Los Angeles). Perceived stress was measured using the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10); HIV infection was serologically confirmed, and nativity status was self-reported. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify associations with perceived stress. The majority of participants were U.S.-born (232, 76.1%) and were HIV-infected (212, 68.5%). Mutlivariable analyses found the odds of perceived stress to be lower for those employed [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) = (0.15-0.63)], with high levels of social support (A
10.1007/s10900-018-0537-6
29926272
Adult Emigrants and Immigrants/psychology/*statistics & numerical data Emigration and Immigration/*statistics & numerical data Female HIV Infections/complications/*diagnosis/ethnology/prevention & control Humans Mass Screening/statistics & numerical data Middle Aged Patient Acceptance of Health Care/*psychology/statistics & numerical data Risk Factors Social Support United States Women's Health/*ethnology *Afro-Caribbean *hiv *Hispanics *Immigrant *Perceived stress *Women
Gousse Y, Bruno D, Joseph MA, Afable A, Cohen MH, Weber KM, Milam J, Schwartz RM. (2018). Examining the Associations Between Immigration Status and Perceived Stress Among HIV-Infected and Uninfected Women. J Community Health, 43(6), 1172-1181.
Journal Article
Efficacy and Mechanism of Antitumor Activity of an Antibody Targeting Transferrin Receptor 1 in Mouse Models of Human Multiple Myeloma
J Immunol
2018
15-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29654211
The transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) is an attractive target for Ab-mediated cancer therapy. We previously developed a mouse/human chimeric IgG3 Ab (ch128.1) targeting human TfR1, which exhibits direct in vitro cytotoxicity against certain human malignant B cells through TfR1 degradation and iron deprivation. ch128.1 also demonstrates exceptional antitumor activity against the B cell malignancy multiple myeloma (MM) in xenograft models of SCID-Beige mice bearing either disseminated ARH-77 or KMS-11 cells in an early disease setting. Interestingly, this activity is observed even against KMS-11 cells, which show no sensitivity to the direct cytotoxic activity of ch128.1 in vitro. To understand the contributions of the Fc fragment, we generated a ch128.1 mutant with impaired binding to FcgammaRs and to the complement component C1q, which retains binding to the neonatal Fc receptor. We now report that this mutant Ab does not show antitumor activity in these two MM models, indicating a crucial
10.4049/jimmunol.1700787
29654211
PMC6042853
Animals Antibodies, Monoclonal/*pharmacology Antineoplastic Agents/*pharmacology B-Lymphocytes/drug effects/metabolism Cell Line, Tumor Complement C1q/metabolism Cytophagocytosis/drug effects Female Humans Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments/metabolism Immunoglobulin G/metabolism Mice Mice, SCID Multiple Myeloma/*drug therapy/metabolism Receptors, Transferrin/*metabolism
Leoh LS, Kim YK, Candelaria PV, Martínez-Maza O, Daniels-Wells TR, Penichet ML (2018). Efficacy and Mechanism of Antitumor Activity of an Antibody Targeting Transferrin Receptor 1 in Mouse Models of Human Multiple Myeloma. J Immunol, 200(10), 3485-3494. PMC6042853
Journal Article
NIHMS954524
Can Biomarkers Advance HIV Research and Care in the Antiretroviral Therapy Era?
J Infect Dis
2018
30-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29165684
Despite achieving human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA suppression below levels of detection and, for most, improved CD4+ T-cell counts, those aging with HIV experience excess low-level inflammation, hypercoagulability, and immune dysfunction (chronic inflammation), compared with demographically and behaviorally similar uninfected individuals. A host of biomarkers that are linked to chronic inflammation are also associated with HIV-associated non-AIDS-defining events, including cardiovascular disease, many forms of cancer, liver disease, renal disease, neurocognitive decline, and osteoporosis. Furthermore, chronic HIV infection may interact with long-term treatment toxicity and weight gain after ART initiation. These observations suggest that future biomarker-guided discovery and treatment may require attention to multiple biomarkers and, possibly, weighted indices. We are clinical trialists, epidemiologists, pragmatic trialists, and translational scientists. Together, we of
10.1093/infdis/jix586
29165684
PMC5853399
AIDS Dementia Complex/drug therapy/pathology AIDS-Associated Nephropathy/drug therapy/pathology Anti-Retroviral Agents/*therapeutic use Biomarkers/*analysis Biomedical Research/*trends Cardiovascular Diseases/drug therapy/pathology Drug Discovery/*trends HIV Infections/*complications/*drug therapy HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome/drug therapy/pathology Humans *Sustained Virologic Response *Biomarker *hiv *index *inflammation *therapeutic discovery
Justice AC, Erlandson KM, Hunt PW, Landay A, Miotti P, Tracy RP (2018). Can Biomarkers Advance HIV Research and Care in the Antiretroviral Therapy Era?. J Infect Dis, 217(4), 521-528. PMC5853399
Journal Article
Relationship Between T-Cell Responses to CMV, Markers of Inflammation, and Frailty in HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected Men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
J Infect Dis
2018
20-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29529309
Background: Both aging and treated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected populations exhibit low-level chronic immune activation of unknown etiology, which correlates with morbidity and mortality. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is common in both populations, but its relation to immune activation is unknown. Methods: T cells from men who have sex with men (22 virologically suppressed HIV+, 20 HIV-) were stimulated with peptides spanning 19 CMV open reading frames, and intracellular cytokine responses were assessed. Soluble and cellular inflammatory markers were assessed by multiplex electrochemiluminescence and flow cytometry, respectively. Frailty was assessed by the Fried criteria. Results: All men had responses to CMV. Proportions of CMV-responsive T cells correlated strongly (r >/= 0.6 or </= -0.6; P < .05) with immunologic markers, depending on donor HIV and frailty status. Markers significantly correlated in some groups after adjustment for multiple comparisons included int
10.1093/infdis/jiy005
29529309
PMC6009694
Aged Cohort Studies Cytokines/blood Cytomegalovirus/*immunology Cytomegalovirus Infections/*complications/*epidemiology/pathology Flow Cytometry Frailty/*complications/pathology HIV Infections/*complications/pathology Homosexuality, Male Humans *Immunity, Cellular Inflammation/pathology Luminescent Measurements Male Middle Aged Surveys and Questionnaires T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
Margolick JB, Bream JH, Nilles TL, Li H, Langan SJ, Deng S, Wang R, Wada N, Leng SX (2018). Relationship Between T-Cell Responses to CMV, Markers of Inflammation, and Frailty in HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected Men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. J Infect Dis, 218(2), 249-258. PMC6009694
Journal Article
Contribution of Liver Fibrosis and Microbial Translocation to Immune Activation in Persons Infected With HIV and/or Hepatitis C Virus
J Infect Dis
2018
28-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29304196
Background: The independent contributions of microbial translocation and liver fibrosis to immune activation in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected persons are unclear. Methods: Multivariable linear regression was used to evaluate whether intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP: a marker of gut epithelial integrity) and transient elastography-measured liver fibrosis might mediate the association of HIV and HCV with the soluble CD14 (sCD14) level in 120 individuals with HIV and HCV coinfection, 262 with HIV monoinfection, 72 with HCV monoinfection, and 170 without infection. Results: Coinfected individuals, HIV-monoinfected individuals, and HCV-monoinfected individuals had 37%, 21%, and 12% higher sCD14 levels, respectively, than uninfected individuals, after multivariable adjustment. Additional adjustment for I-FABP level modestly attenuated the association of HIV infection, but attenuation occurred to a lesser extent in the HCV-monoinfected
10.1093/infdis/jix688
29304196
PMC6019002
Adult *Coinfection Female HIV Infections/*complications/immunology Hiv-1 Hepacivirus Hepatitis C/*complications/immunology Humans Lipopolysaccharide Receptors/metabolism Liver Cirrhosis/*etiology Male Middle Aged
Reid M, Ma Y, Scherzer R, Price JC, French AL, Huhn GD, Plankey MW, Peters M, Grunfeld C, Tien PC (2018). Contribution of Liver Fibrosis and Microbial Translocation to Immune Activation in Persons Infected With HIV and/or Hepatitis C Virus. J Infect Dis, 217(8), 1289-1297. PMC6019002
Journal Article
Gut Microbial-Related Choline Metabolite Trimethylamine-N-Oxide Is Associated With Progression of Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis in HIV Infection
J Infect Dis
2018
22-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29912352
We examined associations of 5 plasma choline metabolites with carotid plaque among 520 HIV-infected and 217 HIV-uninfected participants (112 incident plaque cases) over 7 years. After multivariable adjustment, higher gut microbiota-related metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) was associated with an increased risk of carotid plaque in HIV-infected participants (risk ratio = 1.25 per standard deviation increment; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-1.50; P = .01). TMAO was positively correlated with biomarkers of monocyte activation and inflammation (sCD14, sCD163). Further adjustment for these biomarkers attenuated the association between TMAO and carotid plaque (P = .08). Among HIV-infected individuals, plasma TMAO was associated with carotid atherosclerosis progression, partially through immune activation and inflammation.
10.1093/infdis/jiy356
29912352
PMC6151074
Atherosclerosis/*metabolism/pathology Biomarkers/metabolism Carotid Arteries/*metabolism/pathology Carotid Artery Diseases/metabolism/pathology Choline/*metabolism Female Gastrointestinal Microbiome/*physiology HIV Infections/*metabolism/pathology Humans Inflammation/metabolism/pathology Male Methylamines/*metabolism Middle Aged Monocytes/metabolism/pathology Plaque, Atherosclerotic/metabolism/pathology
Shan Z, Clish CB, Hua S, Scott JM, Hanna DB, Burk RD, Haberlen SA, Shah SJ, Margolick JB, Sears CL, Post WS, Landay AL, Lazar JM, Hodis HN, Anastos K, Kaplan RC, Qi Q (2018). Gut Microbial-Related Choline Metabolite Trimethylamine-N-Oxide Is Associated With Progression of Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis in HIV Infection. J Infect Dis, 218(9), 1474-1479. PMC6151074
Journal Article
Telmisartan Therapy Does Not Improve Lymph Node or Adipose Tissue Fibrosis More Than Continued Antiretroviral Therapy Alone
J Infect Dis
2018
5-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29401318
Background: Fibrosis in lymph nodes may limit CD4+ T-cell recovery, and lymph node and adipose tissue fibrosis may contribute to inflammation and comorbidities despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). We hypothesized that the angiotensin receptor blocker and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist telmisartan would decrease lymph node or adipose tissue fibrosis in treated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) infection. Methods: In this 48-week, randomized, controlled trial, adults continued HIV-suppressive ART and received telmisartan or no drug. Collagen I, fibronectin, and phosphorylated SMAD3 (pSMAD3) deposition in lymph nodes, as well as collagen I, collagen VI, and fibronectin deposition in adipose tissue, were quantified by immunohistochemical analysis at weeks 0 and 48. Two-sided rank sum and signed rank tests compared changes over 48 weeks. Results: Forty-four participants enrolled; 35 had paired adipose tissue specimens, and 29 had paired lymph node specimen
10.1093/infdis/jiy064
29401318
PMC5946950
Adipose Tissue/*drug effects/metabolism/pathology/virology Adult Antihypertensive Agents/*therapeutic use Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/methods Female Fibrosis/*drug therapy/metabolism/pathology/virology HIV Infections/drug therapy/metabolism/pathology/virology Humans Inflammation/drug therapy/metabolism/pathology/virology Lymph Nodes/*drug effects/metabolism/pathology/virology Male Middle Aged PPAR gamma/metabolism Telmisartan/*therapeutic use
Utay NS, Kitch DW, Yeh E, Fichtenbaum CJ, Lederman MM, Estes JD, Deleage C, Magyar C, Nelson SD, Klingman KL, Bastow B, Luque AE, McComsey GA, Douek DC, Currier JS, Lake JE (2018). Telmisartan Therapy Does Not Improve Lymph Node or Adipose Tissue Fibrosis More Than Continued Antiretroviral Therapy Alone. J Infect Dis, 217(11), 1770-1781. PMC5946950
Journal Article
Effect of antiretroviral therapy on allele-associated Lp(a) level in women with HIV in the Women's Interagency HIV Study
J Lipid Res
2018
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30012717
We previously demonstrated an association between lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] levels and atherosclerosis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive women. The effects of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on Lp(a) levels in relation to apo(a) size polymorphism remain unclear. ART effects on allele-specific apo(a) level (ASL), an Lp(a) level associated with individual apo(a) alleles within each allele-pair, were determined in 126 HIV-seropositive women. ART effects were tested by a mixed-effects model across pre-ART and post-ART first and third visits. Data from 120 HIV-seronegative women were used. The mean age was 38 years; most were African-American ( approximately 70%). Pre-ART ASLs associated with the larger (4.6 mg/dl vs. 8.0 mg/dl, P = 0.024) or smaller (13 mg/dl vs. 19 mg/dl, P = 0.041) apo(a) sizes were lower in the HIV-seropositive versus HIV-seronegative group, as was the prevalence of a high Lp(a) level (P = 0.013). Post-ART ASL and prevalence of high Lp(a) or apo(a) sizes and
10.1194/jlr.P084517
30012717
PMC6168315
Adult *Alleles Anti-HIV Agents/*pharmacology/therapeutic use Apoprotein(a)/blood Cohort Studies Female HIV Seropositivity/*blood/complications/*drug therapy/genetics Hepatitis C/complications Humans Lipoprotein(a)/*blood Phenotype Risk Treatment Outcome *apolipoprotein (a) sizes *apolipoproteins *biomarkers *clinical studies *drug therapy *human immunodeficiency virus treatment *lipoprotein (a) *lipoproteins *longitudinal design *molecular biology/genetics *prospective cohort
Enkhmaa B, Anuurad E, Zhang W, Li CS, Kaplan R, Lazar J, Merenstein D, Karim R, Aouizerat B, Cohen M, Butler K, Pahwa S, Ofotokun I, Adimora AA, Golub E, Berglund L (2018). Effect of antiretroviral therapy on allele-associated Lp(a) level in women with HIV in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. J Lipid Res, 59(10), 1967-1976. PMC6168315
Journal Article
Remodeling of HIV-1 Nef Structure by Src-Family Kinase Binding
J Mol Biol
2018
2-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29258818
The HIV-1 accessory protein Nef controls multiple aspects of the viral life cycle and host immune response, making it an attractive therapeutic target. Previous X-ray crystal structures of Nef in complex with key host cell binding partners have shed light on protein-protein interactions critical to Nef function. Crystal structures of Nef in complex with either the SH3 or tandem SH3-SH2 domains of Src-family kinases reveal distinct dimer conformations of Nef. However, the existence of these Nef dimer complexes in solution has not been established. Here we used hydrogen exchange mass spectrometry (HX MS) to compare the solution conformation of Nef alone and in complexes with the SH3 or the SH3-SH2 domains of the Src-family kinase Hck. HX MS revealed that interaction with the Hck SH3 or tandem SH3-SH2 domains induces protection of the Nef alphaB-helix from deuterium uptake, consistent with a role for alphaB in dimer formation. HX MS analysis of a Nef mutant (position Asp123, a site buried
10.1016/j.jmb.2017.12.008
29258818
PMC5801098
HIV Infections/*metabolism HIV-1/chemistry/*physiology *Host-Pathogen Interactions Humans Models, Molecular Protein Binding Protein Conformation Protein Multimerization nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/chemistry/*metabolism src Homology Domains src-Family Kinases/chemistry/*metabolism *HIV-1 accessory factors *Src-homology domains *conformational change *hydrogen exchange mass spectrometry
Moroco JA, Alvarado JJ, Staudt RP, Shi H, Wales TE, Smithgall TE, Engen JR (2018). Remodeling of HIV-1 Nef Structure by Src-Family Kinase Binding. J Mol Biol, 430(3), 310-321. PMC5801098
Journal Article
NIHMS928476
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-mediated neuroinflammation dysregulates neurogranin and induces synaptodendritic injury
J Neuroinflammation
2018
27-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29703241
BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) is a common outcome of a majority of HIV-1-infected subjects and is associated with synaptodendritic damage. Neurogranin (Ng), a postsynaptic protein, and calmodulin (CaM) are two important players of synaptic integrity/functions. The biological role of Ng in the context of HAND is unknown. METHODS: We compared the expression of Ng in frontal cortex (FC) tissues from control and HIV-1-positive subjects with and without HAND by immunohistochemistry, western blot, and qRT-PCR. The interaction between Ng and CaM was analyzed by co-immunoprecipitation. Ng, microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), CaM, CaM-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), CREB, synaptophysin (Syp), and synapsin I (Syn I) expressions were evaluated by western blot using FC tissue lysates and differentiated SH-SY5Y (dSH-SY5Y) cells. Identification of inflammatory factors related to Ng loss was accomplished by exposing dSH-SY
10.1186/s12974-018-1160-2
29703241
PMC5923011
AIDS Dementia Complex/*metabolism/pathology Adult Aged Dendrites/*metabolism/pathology Female Frontal Lobe/*metabolism/pathology *hiv-1 Humans Inflammation/metabolism/pathology Male Middle Aged Neurogranin/*biosynthesis Synapses/*metabolism/pathology Calmodulin Frontal cortex Hiv-1 Neurogranin Synaptodendritic damage
Guha D, Wagner MCE, Ayyavoo V (2018). Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-mediated neuroinflammation dysregulates neurogranin and induces synaptodendritic injury. J Neuroinflammation, 15(1), 126. PMC5923011
Journal Article
No reliable gene expression biomarkers of current or impending neurocognitive impairment in peripheral blood monocytes of persons living with HIV
J Neurovirol
2018
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29582356
Events leading to and propagating neurocognitive impairment (NCI) in HIV-1-infected (HIV+) persons are largely mediated by peripheral blood monocytes. We previously identified expression levels of individual genes and gene networks in peripheral blood monocytes that correlated with neurocognitive functioning in HIV+ adults. Here, we expand upon those findings by examining if gene expression data at baseline is predictive of change in neurocognitive functioning 2 years later. We also attempt to validate the original findings in a new sample of HIV+ patients and determine if the findings are HIV specific by including HIV-uninfected (HIV-) participants as a comparison group. At two time points, messenger RNA (mRNA) was isolated from the monocytes of 123 HIV+ and 60 HIV- adults enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and analyzed with the Illumina HT-12 v4 Expression BeadChip. All participants received baseline and follow-up neurocognitive testing 2 years after mRNA analysis. Data we
10.1007/s13365-018-0625-5
29582356
PMC6411303
Adult Biomarkers/blood Case-Control Studies Cognitive Dysfunction/complications/diagnosis/*genetics/immunology Female Gene Expression Regulation Gene Ontology *Gene Regulatory Networks HIV Infections/complications/diagnosis/*genetics/immunology Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/blood/genetics/immunology Humans Interferon-gamma/blood/genetics/immunology Male Middle Aged Molecular Sequence Annotation Monocytes/immunology/*metabolism *Transcriptome Tumor Necrosis Factors/blood/genetics/immunology *Biomarker *Gene expression *HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders *Monocyte *wgcna *neuroHIV
Quach A, Horvath S, Nemanim N, Vatakis D, Witt MD, Miller EN, Detels R, Langfelder P, Shapshak P, Singer EJ, Levine AJ (2018). No reliable gene expression biomarkers of current or impending neurocognitive impairment in peripheral blood monocytes of persons living with HIV. J Neurovirol, 24(3), 350-361. PMC6411303
Journal Article
Variability in C-reactive protein is associated with cognitive impairment in women living with and without HIV: a longitudinal study
J Neurovirol
2018
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29063513
Despite the availability of effective antiretroviral therapies, cognitive impairment (CI) remains prevalent in HIV-infected (HIV+) individuals. Evidence from primarily cross-sectional studies, in predominantly male samples, implicates monocyte- and macrophage-driven inflammatory processes linked to HIV-associated CI. Thus, peripheral systemic inflammatory markers may be clinically useful biomarkers in tracking HIV-associated CI. Given sex differences in immune function, we focused here on whether mean and intra-individual variability in inflammatory marker-predicted CI in HIV+ and HIV- women. Seventy-two HIV+ (36 with CI) and 58 HIV- (29 with CI) propensity-matched women participating in the Women's Interagency HIV Study completed a neuropsychological battery once between 2009 and 2011, and performance was used to determine CI status. Analysis of 13 peripheral immune markers was conducted on stored biospecimens at three time points (7 and 3.5 years before neuropsychological data collec
10.1007/s13365-017-0590-4
29063513
PMC6036635
AIDS Dementia Complex/blood/*diagnosis/immunology/physiopathology Adult Aged Attention/physiology Biomarkers/blood C-Reactive Protein/immunology/*metabolism Case-Control Studies Executive Function/physiology Female HIV-1/pathogenicity Humans Interleukin-6/blood/immunology Longitudinal Studies Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/blood/immunology Memory, Short-Term/physiology Middle Aged Neuropsychological Tests Psychomotor Performance/physiology Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/blood/immunology *crp *Cognition *hiv *Inflammation *Women
Rubin LH, Benning L, Keating SM, Norris PJ, Burke-Miller J, Savarese A, Kumanan KN, Awadalla S, Springer G, Anastos K, Young M, Milam J, Valcour VG, Weber KM, Maki PM. (2018). Variability in C-reactive protein is associated with cognitive impairment in women living with and without HIV: a longitudinal study. J Neurovirol, 24(1), 41-51. PMC6036635
Journal Article
Marginal Effects of Systemic CCR5 Blockade with Maraviroc on Oral Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Transmission to Infant Macaques
J Virol
2018
1-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29925666
Current approaches do not eliminate all human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) maternal-to-infant transmissions (MTIT); new prevention paradigms might help avert new infections. We administered maraviroc (MVC) to rhesus macaques (RMs) to block CCR5-mediated entry, followed by repeated oral exposure of a CCR5-dependent clone of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) mac251 (SIVmac766). MVC significantly blocked the CCR5 coreceptor in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and tissue cells. All control animals and 60% of MVC-treated infant RMs became infected by the 6th challenge, with no significant difference between the number of exposures (P = 0.15). At the time of viral exposures, MVC plasma and tissue (including tonsil) concentrations were within the range seen in humans receiving MVC as a therapeutic. Both treated and control RMs were infected with only a single transmitted/founder variant, consistent with the dose of virus typical of HIV-1 infection. The uninfected RMs expressed th
10.1128/JVI.00576-18
29925666
PMC6096825
Animals CCR5 Receptor Antagonists/*administration & dosage/pharmacokinetics Cyclohexanes/*administration & dosage/pharmacokinetics Humans Infant Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/*prevention & control *Macaca mulatta Maraviroc Palatine Tonsil/chemistry Serum/chemistry Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*drug therapy/*transmission Treatment Outcome Triazoles/*administration & dosage/pharmacokinetics Viral Load *CCR5 coreceptor *maraviroc *oral transmission *real-time single-genome amplification *rhesus macaques *simian immunodeficiency virus *target cells
Brocca-Cofano E, Xu C, Wetzel KS, Cottrell ML, Policicchio BB, Raehtz KD, Ma D, Dunsmore T, Haret-Richter GS, Musaitif K, Keele BF, Kashuba AD, Collman RG, Pandrea I, Apetrei C (2018). Marginal Effects of Systemic CCR5 Blockade with Maraviroc on Oral Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Transmission to Infant Macaques. J Virol, 92(17), . PMC6096825
Journal Article
Inefficient HIV-1 trans Infection of CD4(+) T Cells by Macrophages from HIV-1 Nonprogressors Is Associated with Altered Membrane Cholesterol and DC-SIGN
J Virol
2018
1-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29643243
Professional antigen-presenting cells (APC; myeloid dendritic cells [DC] and macrophages [MPhi]; B lymphocytes) mediate highly efficient HIV-1 infection of CD4(+) T cells, termed trans infection, that could contribute to HIV-1 pathogenesis. We have previously shown that lower cholesterol content in DC and B lymphocytes is associated with a lack of HIV-1 trans infection in HIV-1-infected nonprogressors (NP). Here, we assessed whether HIV-1 trans infection mediated by another major APC, MPhi, is deficient in NP due to altered cholesterol metabolism. When comparing healthy HIV-1 seronegatives (SN), rapid progressors (PR), and NP, we found that monocyte-derived MPhi from NP did not mediate HIV-1 trans infection of autologous CD4(+) T cells, in contrast to efficient trans infection mediated by SN and PR MPhi. MPhi trans infection efficiency was directly associated with the number of DC-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN)-expressing MPhi. Significantly f
10.1128/JVI.00092-18
29643243
PMC6002718
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/metabolism/*virology Cell Adhesion Molecules/*metabolism Cells, Cultured Cholesterol/*metabolism Dendritic Cells/immunology/metabolism/virology HIV Infections/*metabolism/*virology HIV-1/*physiology Humans Lectins, C-Type/*metabolism Macrophages/immunology/metabolism/*virology Membrane Lipids/metabolism Receptors, Cell Surface/*metabolism *dc-sign *hiv-1 *cholesterol *disease progression *free cholesterol *macrophage *nonprogressors *simvastatin *trans infection
DeLucia DC, Rinaldo CR, Rappocciolo G (2018). Inefficient HIV-1 trans Infection of CD4(+) T Cells by Macrophages from HIV-1 Nonprogressors Is Associated with Altered Membrane Cholesterol and DC-SIGN. J Virol, 92(13), . PMC6002718
Journal Article
Truncated CPSF6 Forms Higher-Order Complexes That Bind and Disrupt HIV-1 Capsid
J Virol
2018
1-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29643241
Cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor 6 (CPSF6) is a human protein that binds HIV-1 capsid and mediates nuclear transport and integration targeting of HIV-1 preintegration complexes. Truncation of the protein at its C-terminal nuclear-targeting arginine/serine-rich (RS) domain produces a protein, CPSF6-358, that potently inhibits HIV-1 infection by targeting the capsid and inhibiting nuclear entry. To understand the molecular mechanism behind this restriction, the interaction between CPSF6-358 and HIV-1 capsid was characterized using in vitro and in vivo assays. Purified CPSF6-358 protein formed oligomers and bound in vitro-assembled wild-type (WT) capsid protein (CA) tubes, but not CA tubes containing a mutation in the putative binding site of CPSF6. Intriguingly, binding of CPSF6-358 oligomers to WT CA tubes physically disrupted the tubular assemblies into small fragments. Furthermore, fixed- and live-cell imaging showed that stably expressed CPSF6-358 forms cytoplasmic pun
10.1128/JVI.00368-18
29643241
PMC6002704
Capsid/*physiology Cell Nucleus HEK293 Cells HIV Infections/genetics/metabolism/*virology HIV-1/*pathogenicity *Host-Pathogen Interactions Humans Multiprotein Complexes/genetics/*metabolism Mutation Protein Binding Protein Domains *Virus Replication mRNA Cleavage and Polyadenylation Factors/genetics/*metabolism *cpsf6 *hiv *tem *capsid *imaging *restriction
Ning J, Zhong Z, Fischer DK, Harris G, Watkins SC, Ambrose Z, Zhang P (2018). Truncated CPSF6 Forms Higher-Order Complexes That Bind and Disrupt HIV-1 Capsid. J Virol, 92(13), . PMC6002704
Journal Article
Dynamics of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Two-Long-Terminal-Repeat Circles in the Presence and Absence of CD8(+) Cells
J Virol
2018
1-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29643246
CD8(+) cells play a key role in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection, but their specific mechanism(s) of action in controlling the virus is unclear. Two-long-terminal-repeat (2-LTR) circles are extrachromosomal products generated upon failed integration of HIV/SIV. To understand the specific effects of CD8(+) cells on infected cells, we analyzed the dynamics of 2-LTR circles in SIVmac251-infected rhesus macaques (RMs) treated with an integrase inhibitor (INT). Twenty RMs underwent CD8(+) cell depletion and received raltegravir (RAL) monotherapy or a combination of both. Blood, lymph nodes (LNs), and gut biopsy specimens were routinely sampled. Plasma viral loads (pVLs) and 2-LTR circles from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and LN lymphocytes were measured with quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR). In the CD8 depletion group, an approximately 1-log increase in pVLs and a slow increase in PBMC 2-LTRs occurred following de
10.1128/JVI.02100-17
29643246
PMC6002728
Animals CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/virology Leukocytes, Mononuclear/*immunology/virology Lymph Nodes/*immunology/virology Macaca mulatta Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/genetics/*immunology/virology Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/genetics/*immunology *Terminal Repeat Sequences Viral Load Virus Replication *2-LTR circles *CD8+ cell depletion *integrase inhibitor *raltegravir *rhesus macaques *simian immunodeficiency virus
Policicchio BB, Cardozo EF, Sette P, Xu C, Haret-Richter G, Dunsmore T, Apetrei C, Pandrea I, Ribeiro RM (2018). Dynamics of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Two-Long-Terminal-Repeat Circles in the Presence and Absence of CD8(+) Cells. J Virol, 92(13), . PMC6002728
Journal Article
Mental health and HIV: research priorities related to the implementation and scale up of 'treat all' in sub-Saharan Africa
J Virus Erad
2018
15-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30515310
World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines call for antiretroviral therapy (ART) for all people living with HIV (PLWH) regardless of CD4 cell count, a policy often referred to as 'treat all'. This article seeks to: (1) provide an overview of mental health research among PLWH in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and interventions or strategies to address comorbid mental illness among those living with HIV; and (2) describe key mental health-related recommendations to inform the successful implementation and scale up of 'treat all' policies in SSA. An initial set of mental health-related research recommendations was developed by a working group comprising investigators affiliated with the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) consortium. Recommendations were shared with those who attended the All-Africa IeDEA Meeting in Kigali, Rwanda in November 2017 and refined following the meeting. Recommendations reflect a need for epidemiological research to examine the prevalence, i
30515310
PMC6248852
mental health, HIV, Africa, treat all
Parcesepe AM, Bernard C, Agler R, Ross J, Yotebieng M, Bass J, Kwobah E, Adedimeji A, Goulet J, Althoff KN (2018). Mental health and HIV: research priorities related to the implementation and scale up of 'treat all' in sub-Saharan Africa. J Virus Erad, 4(Suppl 2), 16-25. PMC6248852
Journal Article
Prolonged Amenorrhea and Resumption of Menses in Women with HIV
J Womens Health (Larchmt)
2018
14-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30222490
OBJECTIVE: To compare etiologies of prolonged amenorrhea in a cohort of HIV-infected women with a cohort of similar uninfected at-risk women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Women from the Women's Interagency HIV Study were seen every 6 months, and completed surveys including questions about their menstruation. Those who reported no vaginal bleeding for at least 1 year ("prolonged amenorrhea") with subsequent resumption of bleeding were compared with women in whom bleeding had stopped permanently ("menopause"). Characteristics associated with reversible prolonged amenorrhea were ascertained. RESULTS: Of 828 women with prolonged amenorrhea, 37.6% had reversible amenorrhea and 62.4% never resumed menses. HIV-seropositive women with prolonged amenorrhea were significantly younger at cessation of menses than HIV-negative women (p < 0.0001). Of those with reversible prolonged amenorrhea, approximately half were taking medications associated with amenorrhea, including 95 (30.6%) hormonal contraceptio
10.1089/jwh.2018.7046
30222490
PMC6306666
Hiv amenorrhea anovulation menopause
Cejtin HE, Evans CT, Greenblatt R, Minkoff H, Weber KM, Wright R, Colie C, Golub E, Massad LS (2018). Prolonged Amenorrhea and Resumption of Menses in Women with HIV. J Womens Health (Larchmt), (), . PMC6306666
Journal Article
HIV Infection Is Associated with Increased Left Ventricular Mass in the Multicenter Aids Cohort Study (MACS)
Journal of the American College of Cardiology
2018
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31044604/
10.1016/s0735-1097(18)31450-5
31044604
PMC6688109
Hutchins E, Wang R, Rahmani S, Nakanishi R, Haberlen S, Kingsley L, Witt MD, Palella FJ Jr, Jacobson L, Budoff MJ, Post WS (2018). HIV Infection Is Associated with Increased Left Ventricular Mass in the Multicenter Aids Cohort Study (MACS). Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 71(11), . PMC6688109
Journal Article
Human papillomavirus types from infection to cancer in the anus, according to sex and HIV status: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Lancet Infect Dis
2018
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29158102
BACKGROUND: Data on carcinogenicity of human papillomavirus (HPV) types in the anus are needed to inform anal cancer prevention through vaccination and screening. This is particularly the case for people infected with HIV, who are at an increased risk of anal cancer. METHODS: We did a systematic review of studies published from January, 1986, to July, 2017, in MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library on anal HPV infection, without any language restrictions. Eligible studies reported type-specific HPV prevalence by strata of cytopathological or histopathological anal diagnosis, sex, and HIV status. Data requests were made to authors when necessary. We did a meta-analysis of type-specific HPV prevalence across the full spectrum of anal diagnoses, from normal cytology to anal cancer. We assessed the main outcome of type-specific HPV prevalence ratios [PR], calculated across strata of anal diagnoses, gender, or HIV status, by use of generalised linear models. FINDINGS: 95 studies were ide
10.1016/S1473-3099(17)30653-9
29158102
PMC5805865
Anal Canal/virology Anus Neoplasms/*virology Female *Genotype HIV Infections/complications Humans Male Papillomaviridae/*classification/genetics/*isolation & purification Papillomavirus Infections/*complications/*virology Prevalence
Lin C, Franceschi S, Clifford GM (2018). Human papillomavirus types from infection to cancer in the anus, according to sex and HIV status: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis, 18(2), 198-206. PMC5805865
Journal Article
Associations Between Medicare Part D and Out-of-Pocket Spending, HIV Viral Load, Adherence, and ADAP Use in Dual Eligibles With HIV
Med Care
2018
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29227443
BACKGROUND: The implementation of Medicare part D on January 1, 2006 required all adults who were dually enrolled in Medicaid and Medicare (dual eligibles) to transition prescription drug coverage from Medicaid to Medicare part D. Changes in payment systems and utilization management along with the loss of Medicaid protections had the potential to disrupt medication access, with uncertain consequences for dual eligibles with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who rely on consistent prescription coverage to suppress their HIV viral load (VL). OBJECTIVE: To estimate the effect of Medicare part D on self-reported out-of-pocket prescription drug spending, AIDS Drug Assistance Program (ADAP) use, antiretroviral adherence, and HIV VL suppression among dual eligibles with HIV. METHODS: Using 2003-2008 data from the Women's Interagency HIV Study, we created a propensity score-matched cohort and used a difference-in-differences approach to compare dual eligibles' outcomes pre-Medicare and post-
10.1097/MLR.0000000000000843
29227443
PMC5728680
Adult Aged Antiviral Agents/*economics *Dual MEDICAID MEDICARE Eligibility Female HIV Infections/drug therapy/*economics/virology Health Expenditures/*statistics & numerical data Humans Male Medicaid/*statistics & numerical data Medicare Part D/*statistics & numerical data Middle Aged Patient Compliance/*statistics & numerical data United States Viral Load
Belenky N, Pence BW, Cole SR, Dusetzina SB, Edmonds A, Oberlander J, Plankey MW, Adedimeji A, Wilson TE, Cohen J, Cohen MH, Milam JE, Golub ET, Adimora AA (2018). Associations Between Medicare Part D and Out-of-Pocket Spending, HIV Viral Load, Adherence, and ADAP Use in Dual Eligibles With HIV. Med Care, 56(1), 47-53. PMC5728680
Journal Article
Using Observational Data to Calibrate Simulation Models
Med Decis Making
2018
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29141153
BACKGROUND: Individual-level simulation models are valuable tools for comparing the impact of clinical or public health interventions on population health and cost outcomes over time. However, a key challenge is ensuring that outcome estimates correctly reflect real-world impacts. Calibration to targets obtained from randomized trials may be insufficient if trials do not exist for populations, time periods, or interventions of interest. Observational data can provide a wider range of calibration targets but requires methods to adjust for treatment-confounder feedback. We propose the use of the parametric g-formula to estimate calibration targets and present a case-study to demonstrate its application. METHODS: We used the parametric g-formula applied to data from the HIV-CAUSAL Collaboration to estimate calibration targets for 7-y risks of AIDS and/or death (AIDS/death), as defined by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention under 3 treatment initiation strategies. We compared the
10.1177/0272989X17738753
29141153
PMC5771959
Adult Cause of Death/trends Female HIV Infections/metabolism/mortality Health Promotion Humans Male Middle Aged *Models, Theoretical Mortality/trends *Observation *Population Health *hiv *agent-based model *calibration *g-formula
Murray EJ, Robins JM, Seage GR 3rd, Lodi S, Hyle EP, Reddy KP, Freedberg KA, Hernán MA (2018). Using Observational Data to Calibrate Simulation Models. Med Decis Making, 38(2), 212-224. PMC5771959
Journal Article
Systemic Inflammation Characterizes Lack of Metabolic Health in Nonobese HIV-Infected Men
Mediators Inflamm
2018
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30356397
Background: Increasing body mass index (BMI) is generally associated with loss of metabolic health, although some obese individuals remain metabolically healthy. Among nonobese men, HIV infection has been associated with a lower prevalence of metabolic health. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 470 HIV-infected and 368 HIV-uninfected men enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Cardiovascular substudy. Circulating biomarker levels were compared by BMI category and by HIV serostatus. Poisson regression with robust variance determined associations between metabolic health and circulating inflammatory biomarker levels after adjusting for factors previously associated with metabolic health. Results: HIV-infected men were younger and less likely to be obese. Among HIV-infected, normal weight metabolically healthy men (compared to unhealthy) had significantly lower circulating levels of interleukin- (IL-) 6, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors (sTNFR) I and II, and
10.1155/2018/5327361
30356397
PMC6176328
Biomarkers/*metabolism Body Mass Index Cross-Sectional Studies HIV Infections/*metabolism Humans Inflammation/*metabolism Interleukin-6/metabolism Male Multivariate Analysis
Monczor AN, Li X, Palella FJ Jr, Erlandson KM, Wiley D, Kingsley LA, Post WS, Jacobson LP, Brown TT, Lake JE (2018). Systemic Inflammation Characterizes Lack of Metabolic Health in Nonobese HIV-Infected Men. Mediators Inflamm, 2018(), 5327361. PMC6176328
Journal Article
Pseudotyping of HIV-1 with Human T-Lymphotropic Virus 1 (HTLV-1) Envelope Glycoprotein during HIV-1-HTLV-1 Coinfection Facilitates Direct HIV-1 Infection of Female Genital Epithelial Cells: Implications for Sexual Transmission of HIV-1
mSphere
2018
25-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29624497
Female genital epithelial cells cover the genital tract and provide the first line of protection against infection with sexually transmitted pathogenic viruses. These cells normally are impervious to HIV-1. We report that coinfection of cells by HIV-1 and another sexually transmitted virus, human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1), led to production of HIV-1 that had expanded cell tropism and was able to directly infect primary vaginal and cervical epithelial cells. HIV-1 infection of epithelial cells was blocked by neutralizing antibodies against the HTLV-1 envelope (Env) protein, indicating that the infection was mediated through HTLV-1 Env pseudotyping of HIV-1. Active replication of HIV-1 in epithelial cells was demonstrated by inhibition with anti-HIV-1 drugs. We demonstrated that HIV-1 derived from peripheral blood of HIV-1-HTLV-1-coinfected subjects could infect primary epithelial cells in an HTLV-1 Env-dependent manner. HIV-1 from subjects infected with HIV-1 alone was not able to
10.1128/mSphere.00038-18
29624497
PMC5885023
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/pharmacology Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*virology Cells, Cultured Cervix Uteri/cytology/virology Coinfection/transmission/virology Epithelial Cells/*virology Female Glycoproteins/*chemistry/genetics HIV Infections/immunology/transmission HIV-1/drug effects/*physiology HTLV-I Infections/immunology HeLa Cells Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/*chemistry/genetics Humans Middle Aged Observational Studies as Topic RNA, Viral/blood Vagina/cytology/virology Viral Envelope Proteins/*chemistry/genetics Viral Tropism Virus Replication/drug effects *envelope glycoprotein *epithelial cells *human T-cell leukemia virus *human immunodeficiency virus *primary T-cells *pseudotype *retroviruses *sexual transmission *virus tropism
Tang Y, George AM, Petrechko O, Nouvet FJ, Sweet SD, Tanaka Y, Imbiakha BS, Jiang G, Gao W, Anastos K, Hildreth JEK (2018). Pseudotyping of HIV-1 with Human T-Lymphotropic Virus 1 (HTLV-1) Envelope Glycoprotein during HIV-1-HTLV-1 Coinfection Facilitates Direct HIV-1 Infection of Female Genital Epithelial Cells: Implications for Sexual Transmission of HIV-1. mSphere, 3(2), . PMC5885023
Journal Article
Adiposity and depressive symptoms in women with and without HIV infection. The Women’s Interagency HIV Study
Neurology Neurobiology
2018
https://www.sciencerepository.org/adiposity-and-depressive-symptoms-in-women-with-and-without-HIV-infection_NNB-2-102
Depression is a common neuropsychiatric disorder in women, particularly among women with HIV infection. The association of adiposity with depressive symptoms in adult women is unclear. We evaluated the cross-sectional association of depressive symptoms measured using the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale (CES-D) score, with anthropometric (body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio and waist circumference) and metabolic (adipokines: leptin, total adiponectin, and high molecular weight adiponectin) adiposity measures. This was accomplished in HIV-infected or at-risk HIV-uninfected participants at the Brooklyn, New York site of the Women’s Interagency HIV Study. Participants (250 HIV+, 107 HIV-; average age 38.9 years), with measured levels of leptin and adiponectins were included. Adiposity measures were considered as continuous and categorical variables. A clinically relevant depressive symptom burden was defined as CES-D > 16. Spearman correlations, T-tests, multivariable l
Groysman AY, Keating S, Holman S, Weedon J; Minkoff H, Gustafson DR. (2018). Adiposity and depressive symptoms in women with and without HIV infection. The Women’s Interagency HIV Study. Neurology Neurobiology, (), .
Journal Article
Knowing something versus feeling different:The effects and non-effects of genetic ancestry on racial identity
New Genet Soc
2018
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31666800
Since the completion of the Human Genome Project, there have been pitched debates about its implications and the research it enables. One prominent thread of concern focuses on the role of post-genomic science on technically enabling and generating interest in genetic ancestry testing (GAT). Critical analyses of GAT have pointed to multiple issues, raising the alarm on consumers' experiences with such technologies. This paper describes the results of a pilot study in which we tracked women's experiences receiving their genetic ancestry results, and their understandings of, reactions to, and valuing of this information over time. Overwhelmingly, our participants reported a curious combination of anticipation and satisfaction yet no discernable impact on their sense of self or racial identity. We elaborate on the effects and non-effects of GAT for the women in our study, and how we make sense of their simultaneous experiences of 'knowing something' but not 'feeling different.'
10.1080/14636778.2018.1430560
31666800
PMC6820700
genetic ancestry racial identity return of results benefits arising from the direct applications of this research.
Shim JK, Alam SR, Aouizerat BE (2018). Knowing something versus feeling different:The effects and non-effects of genetic ancestry on racial identity. New Genet Soc, 37(1), 44-66. PMC6820700
Journal Article
Room for Improvement: The HIV-Diabetes Care Continuum Over 15 Years in the Women's Interagency HIV Study
Open Forum Infect Dis
2018
1-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29942823
Background: Gains in life expectancy through optimal control of HIV infection with antiretroviral therapy (ART) may be threatened if other comorbidities, such as diabetes, are not optimally managed. Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional data of the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) from 2001, 2006, and 2015. We estimated the proportions of HIV-positive and HIV-negative women with diabetes who were engaged in care and achieved treatment goals (hemoglobin A1c [A1c] <7.0%, blood pressure [BP] <140/90 mmHg, low-density lipoprotein [LDL] cholesterol <100 mg/dL, not smoking) and viral suppression. Repeated-measures models were used to estimate the adjusted prevalence of achieving each diabetes treatment goal at each time point, by HIV status. Results: We included 486 HIV-positive and 258 HIV-negative women with diabetes. In 2001, 91.8% visited a health care provider, 60.7% achieved the A1c target, 70.5% achieved the BP target, 38.5% achieved the LDL cholesterol target, 49.2% were nonsmoker
10.1093/ofid/ofy121
29942823
PMC6007350
Hiv care continuum diabetes quality
Colasanti J, Galaviz KI, Christina Mehta C, Palar K, Schneider MF, Tien P, Adimora AA, Alcaide M, Cohen MH, Gustafson D, Karim R, Merenstein D, Sharma A, Wingood G, Marconi VC, Ofotokun I, Ali MK (2018). Room for Improvement: The HIV-Diabetes Care Continuum Over 15 Years in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Open Forum Infect Dis, 5(6), ofy121. PMC6007350
Journal Article
639. Indoleamine 2,3 Dioxygenase, Age, and Chronic Immune Activation in HIV Patients
Open Forum Infect Dis
2018
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6255015/
10.1093/ofid/ofy210.646
PMC6255015
Stephanie Baer, Rhonda Colombo, Maribeth Johnson, Sushama Wakade, Gabriela Pacholczyk, Stuart Thompson, Lei Huang, Michael Saag, Andrew Mellor (2018). 639. Indoleamine 2,3 Dioxygenase, Age, and Chronic Immune Activation in HIV Patients. Open Forum Infect Dis, 5(suppl_1), S232-S232. PMC6255015
Journal Article
Sensitivity and specificity of oral HPV detection for HPV-positive head and neck cancer
Oral Oncol
2018
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29362127
BACKGROUND: The incidence of HPV-related head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HPV-HNSCC) is increasing. Oral samples are easy and non-invasive to collect, but the diagnostic accuracy of oral HPV detection methods for classifying HPV-positive HNSCC tumors has not been well explored. METHODS: In a systematic review, we identified eight studies of HNSCC patients meeting our eligibility criteria of having: (1) HPV detection in oral rinse or oral swab samples, (2) tumor HPV or p16 testing, (3) a publication date within the last 10years (January 2007-May 2017, as laboratory methods change), and (4) at least 15 HNSCC cases. Data were abstracted from each study and a meta-analysis performed to calculate sensitivity and specificity. RESULTS: Eight articles meeting inclusion criteria were identified. Among people diagnosed with HNSCC, oral HPV detection has good specificity (92%, 95% CI=82-97%) and moderate sensitivity (72%, 95% CI=45-89%) for HPV-positive HNSCC tumor. Results were similar whe
10.1016/j.oraloncology.2017.12.008
29362127
PMC5788034
Alphapapillomavirus/genetics/*isolation & purification Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/*virology DNA, Viral/isolation & purification Humans Mouth Neoplasms/*virology Sensitivity and Specificity *Diagnostic accuracy *Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) *Oral HPV *Oral rinse *Oral swab *Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC)
Gipson BJ, Robbins HA, Fakhry C, D'Souza G (2018). Sensitivity and specificity of oral HPV detection for HPV-positive head and neck cancer. Oral Oncol, 77(), 52-56. PMC5788034
Journal Article
NIHMS931044
Vitamin D deficiency and periodontal clinical attachment loss in HIV-seropositive women: A secondary analysis conducted in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS)
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol
2018
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29550079
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to test a hypothesized positive association between low vitamin D (VitD) serum levels and the severity of periodontal disease in women with HIV infection. STUDY DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional secondary analysis of data from an oral substudy conducted within the Chicago site of the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Serum VitD levels and clinical attachment loss (CAL) measurements were available for 74 women with HIV infection. VitD levels were treated as both continuous and categorical variables in bivariate and multivariate analyses. Mean clinical attachment loss (mCAL) was determined for each subject by obtaining the averages of measurements taken at 4 sites in each measured tooth. RESULTS: Average age of study participants (n = 74) was 39.6 years (standard deviation 7.2), and the majority were African Americans (70.3%) with VitD deficiency (58.1%). VitD deficiency was positively associated with higher mCAL (P = .012). After adjustment for race, a
10.1016/j.oooo.2018.02.006
29550079
PMC6002805
Adult Chicago/epidemiology Cross-Sectional Studies Female HIV Seropositivity/*complications/epidemiology Humans Periodontal Attachment Loss/*complications/epidemiology Prevalence Prospective Studies Vitamin D Deficiency/*complications/epidemiology
Dragonas P, Kaste LM, Nunn M, Gajendrareddy PK, Weber KM, Cohen M, Adeyemi OM, French AL, Sroussi HY (2018). Vitamin D deficiency and periodontal clinical attachment loss in HIV-seropositive women: A secondary analysis conducted in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol, 125(6), 567-573. PMC6002805
Journal Article
Serum testosterone and estradiol modify risk of anal HPV16/18 infections but only estradiol influences risk for histological high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL)
Papillomavirus Res
2018
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240585211830082X
10.1016/j.pvr.2018.07.035
Dorothy J.Wiley, Hilary K.Hsu, Ravi Jasuja, Todd T.Brown, Brian Lawney, Rong Guo, David Elashoff, Stephen Young, Nancy Joste, Shalender Bhasin, Steven Whitford, Ross Cranston, Matt Moran, Ernesto Rodriguez, Gypsyamber D'Souza, Susheel Reddy (2018). Serum testosterone and estradiol modify risk of anal HPV16/18 infections but only estradiol influences risk for histological high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL). Papillomavirus Res, 5(), .
Journal Article
Patterns of repeated anal cytology results among HIV-positive and HIV-negative men who have sex with men
Papillomavirus Res
2018
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29626643
BACKGROUND: Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at increased risk for anal cancer. In cervical cancer screening, patterns of repeated cytology results are used to identify low- and high-risk women, but little is known about these patterns for anal cytology among MSM. METHODS: We analyzed Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) data for MSM who were offered anal cytology testing annually (HIV-positive) or every 2 years (HIV-negative) for 4 years. RESULTS: Following an initial negative (normal) cytology, the frequency of a second negative cytology was lower among HIV-positive MSM with CD4>/=500 (74%) or CD4<500 (68%) than HIV-negative MSM (83%) (p<0.001). After an initial abnormal cytology, the frequency of a second abnormal cytology was highest among HIV-positive MSM with CD4<500 (70%) compared to CD4>/=500 (53%) or HIV-negative MSM (46%) (p=0.003). Among HIV-positive MSM with at least three results, 37% had 3 consecutive negative results; 3 consecutive abnormal results were more frequent
10.1016/j.pvr.2018.04.001
29626643
PMC5909063
Anal Canal/*cytology/pathology Anus Neoplasms/*diagnosis/virology Carcinoma in Situ/diagnosis/virology Cohort Studies Cytodiagnosis/methods Early Detection of Cancer/*methods HIV Infections/*complications/pathology HIV Seropositivity/blood *Homosexuality, Male Humans Male Middle Aged *Anal cancer *Anal cancer screening *Anal cytology *hiv *msm
Robbins HA, Wiley DJ, Ho K, Plankey M, Reddy S, Joste N, Darragh TM, Breen EC, Young S, D'Souza G (2018). Patterns of repeated anal cytology results among HIV-positive and HIV-negative men who have sex with men. Papillomavirus Res, 5(), 143-149. PMC5909063
Journal Article
Soluble CD14 as a Diagnostic Biomarker for Smear-Negative HIV-Associated Tuberculosis
Pathogens
2018
27-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29495442
Sputum smear-negative HIV-associated active tuberculosis (TB) is challenging to diagnose. CD14 is a pattern recognition receptor that is known to mediate monocyte activation. Prior studies have shown increased levels of soluble CD14 (sCD14) as a potential biomarker for TB, but little is known about its value in detecting smear-negative HIV-associated TB. We optimized a sandwich ELISA for the detection of sCD14, and tested sera from 56 smear-negative South African (39 culture-positive and 17 culture-negative) HIV-infected pulmonary TB patients and 24 South African and 43 US (21 positive and 22 negative for tuberculin skin test, respectively) HIV-infected controls. SCD14 concentrations were significantly elevated in smear-negative HIV-associated TB compared with the HIV-infected controls (p < 0.0001), who had similar concentrations, irrespective of the country of origin or the presence or absence of latent M. tuberculosis infection (p = 0.19). The culture-confirmed TB group had a median
10.3390/pathogens7010026
29495442
PMC5874752
C-reactive protein Cd14 Hiv biomarker diagnostics tuberculosis
Liu Y, Ndumnego OC, Chen T, Kim RS, Jenny-Avital ER, Ndung'u T, Wilson D, Achkar JM (2018). Soluble CD14 as a Diagnostic Biomarker for Smear-Negative HIV-Associated Tuberculosis. Pathogens, 7(1), . PMC5874752
Journal Article
Evaluating the association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms with tenofovir exposure in a diverse prospective cohort of women living with HIV
Pharmacogenomics J
2018
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28462920
Higher exposure to tenofovir (TFV) increases the risk for kidney function decline, but the impact of genetic factors on TFV exposure is largely unknown. We investigated whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs, n=211) in 12 genes are potentially involved in TFV exposure. Participants (n=91) from the Women's Interagency HIV Study, underwent a 24 h intensive pharmacokinetic sampling of TFV after witnessed dose and TFV area under the time-concentration curves (AUCs) were calculated for each participant. SNPs were assayed using a combination of array genotyping and Sanger sequencing. Linear regression models were applied to logarithmically transformed AUC. Those SNPs that met an a priori threshold of P<0.001 were considered statistically associated with TFV AUC. ABCG2 SNP rs2231142 was associated with TFV AUC with rare allele carriers displaying 1.51-fold increase in TFV AUC (95% confidence interval: 1.26, 1.81; P=1.7 x 10(-5)). We present evidence of a moderately strong effect of the
10.1038/tpj.2017.3
28462920
PMC7793629
ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/*genetics Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use Area Under Curve Cohort Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*genetics Humans Middle Aged Neoplasm Proteins/*genetics Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/*genetics Prospective Studies Tenofovir/*therapeutic use Young Adult
Baxi SM, Greenblatt RM, Bacchetti P, Cohen M, DeHovitz JA, Anastos K, Gange SJ, Young MA, Aouizerat BE (2018). Evaluating the association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms with tenofovir exposure in a diverse prospective cohort of women living with HIV. Pharmacogenomics J, 18(2), 245-250. PMC7793629
Journal Article
Association of gene polymorphism of SDF1(CXCR12) with susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and AIDS disease progression: A meta-analysis
PLoS One
2018
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29420545
OBJECTIVES: Genetic polymorphism of viral receptors is relevant to risks of HIV-1 infection, while it is still under debated whether the polymorphism of SDF1, a unique ligand for HIV-1 coreceptor CXCR4, is associated with HIV susceptibility and AIDS disease progression. Therefore, we provided an updated quantitative assessment by meta-analysis from 16 case-control and 7 cohort studies. METHODS: Articles reporting the relationship between SDF1 polymorphism and HIV susceptibility or AIDS progression were retrieved from PubMed, Embase and Ovid electronic databases up to Apr 2017. Data were pooled by odds ratios (ORs) for HIV-1 infection with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and summary relative hazards (RHs) for AIDS progression with 95% CIs using 1987 Center for Disease Control (CDC) case definition of AIDS (CDC87) and 1993 Center for Disease Control (CDC) case definition of AIDS (CDC93) and death as endpoints. RESULTS: As a result, 16 studies regarding susceptibility to HIV-1 infection wi
10.1371/journal.pone.0191930
29420545
PMC5805253
Chemokine CXCL12/*genetics Disease Progression *Genetic Predisposition to Disease HIV Infections/*genetics/pathology Hiv-1 Humans *Polymorphism, Genetic Publication Bias
Ding J, Zhao J, Zhou J, Li X, Wu Y, Ge M, Cen S (2018). Association of gene polymorphism of SDF1(CXCR12) with susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and AIDS disease progression: A meta-analysis. PLoS One, 13(2), e0191930. PMC5805253
Journal Article
Impact of chronic sexual abuse and depression on inflammation and wound healing in the female reproductive tract of HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected women
PLoS One
2018
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29894487
Sexual violence is associated with increased risk of HIV acquisition/transmission in women. Forced sex can result in physical trauma to the reproductive tract as well as severe psychological distress. However, immuno-biological mechanisms linking sexual violence and HIV susceptibility are incompletely understood. Using the Women's Interagency HIV Study repository, a total of 77 women were selected to form 4 groups, stratified by HIV serostatus, in the following categories: 1) no sexual abuse history and low depressive symptom score (below clinically significant cut-off, scores <16) (Control); 2) no sexual abuse history but high depressive symptom score, >/=16 (Depression); 3) chronic sexual abuse exposure and low depressive symptom score (Abuse); 4) chronic sexual abuse exposure and high depressive symptom score (Abuse+Depression). Inflammation-associated cytokines/chemokines/proteases (TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, TGF-beta MIP-3alpha, IP-10, MCP-1, Cathepsin B), anti-inflamma
10.1371/journal.pone.0198412
29894487
PMC5997353
Adult Case-Control Studies Cervix Uteri/immunology Cross-Sectional Studies Cytokines/metabolism Depression/*psychology Female Genitalia, Female/*immunology HIV Infections/*complications/immunology/psychology Humans Middle Aged Peptide Hydrolases/metabolism Prospective Studies Sex Offenses/*psychology Vaginal Douching Wound Healing
Ghosh M, Daniels J, Pyra M, Juzumaite M, Jais M, Murphy K, Taylor TN, Kassaye S, Benning L, Cohen M, Weber K (2018). Impact of chronic sexual abuse and depression on inflammation and wound healing in the female reproductive tract of HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected women. PLoS One, 13(6), e0198412. PMC5997353
Journal Article
Cancer risk in HIV patients with incomplete viral suppression after initiation of antiretroviral therapy
PLoS One
2018
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29870537
BACKGROUND: Cancer causes significant morbidity and mortality among HIV patients in the US due to extended life expectancy with access to effective antiretroviral therapy. Low, detectable HIV RNA has been studied as a risk factor for adverse health outcomes, but its clinical impact on cancer risk remains unclear. The objective of this study was to determine whether HIV RNA <1,000 copies/mL six months after starting therapy was associated with 10-year first cancer risk. METHODS: We followed 7,515 HIV therapy initiators from a US-based multicenter clinical cohort from 1998 to 2014. We used nonparametric multiple imputation to account for viral loads that fell below assay detection limits, and categorized viral loads six months after therapy initiation into four groups: <20, 20-199, 200-999, and >999 copies/mL. We calculated estimates of the cumulative incidence of cancer diagnosis, accounting for death as a competing event. Inverse probability of exposure and censoring weights were used
10.1371/journal.pone.0197665
29870537
PMC5988275
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/adverse effects Defective Viruses/pathogenicity Female HIV Infections/complications/*drug therapy/genetics/virology HIV-1/pathogenicity Humans Middle Aged Neoplasms/*blood/etiology/genetics/virology RNA, Viral/*blood Risk Factors Viral Load/*drug effects
Lee JS, Cole SR, Achenbach CJ, Dittmer DP, Richardson DB, Miller WC, Mathews C, Althoff KN, Moore RD, Eron JJ Jr (2018). Cancer risk in HIV patients with incomplete viral suppression after initiation of antiretroviral therapy. PLoS One, 13(6), e0197665. PMC5988275
Journal Article
Emergence of resistance mutations in simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected rhesus macaques receiving non-suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART)
PLoS One
2018
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29466356
Two SIVmac251-infected rhesus macaques received tenofovir/emtricitabine with raltegravir intensification. Viral rebound occurred during treatment and sequencing of reverse transcriptase and integrase genes identified multiple resistance mutations. Similar to HIV infection, antiretroviral-resistance mutations may occur in SIV-infected nonhuman primates receiving nonsuppressive ART. As ART administration to nonhuman primates is currently dramatically expanding, fueled by both cure research and the study of HIV-related comorbidities, viral resistance should be factored in the study design and data interpretation.
10.1371/journal.pone.0190908
29466356
PMC5821307
Animals Anti-Retroviral Agents/administration & dosage Disease Models, Animal Drug Resistance, Multiple, Viral/genetics Drug Therapy, Combination Emtricitabine/administration & dosage Genes, Viral Humans Integrases/genetics Macaca mulatta Mutation RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/genetics Raltegravir Potassium/administration & dosage Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*drug therapy/*virology Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/drug effects/enzymology/*genetics Tenofovir/administration & dosage Viral Load/drug effects
Policicchio BB, Sette P, Xu C, Haret-Richter G, Dunsmore T, Pandrea I, Ribeiro RM, Apetrei C (2018). Emergence of resistance mutations in simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected rhesus macaques receiving non-suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART). PLoS One, 13(2), e0190908. PMC5821307
Journal Article
Tropheryma whipplei colonization in HIV-infected individuals is not associated with lung function or inflammation
PLoS One
2018
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30286195
Studies demonstrate that Tropheryma whipplei (T. whipplei) is present in the lungs of healthy individuals without acute respiratory symptoms or acute respiratory infection and is more common in the lungs of HIV-infected individuals and in smokers. The impact of T. whipplei colonization in the lung on local inflammation and pulmonary dysfunction in HIV-infected individuals is currently unknown. In this study, we performed specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing for T. whipplei in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and induced sputum (IS) samples in 76 HIV-infected participants from three clinical sites. Pulmonary function and proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine levels in BAL were measured. Frequency of T. whipplei in either BAL or IS was 43.4%. The sensitivity and specificity of IS compared to BAL for detection of T. whipplei was 92.3% and 84.2%, respectively, and isolates of T. whipplei in the BAL and IS in the same subject shared genetic identity. Pulmonary function measu
10.1371/journal.pone.0205065
30286195
PMC6171914
Actinomycetales Infections/*complications/epidemiology/physiopathology Biomarkers/metabolism Bronchoalveolar Lavage Chemokines/metabolism Coinfection/epidemiology/physiopathology Cytokines/metabolism Female HIV Infections/*complications/epidemiology/physiopathology Humans Inflammation/*complications/epidemiology/physiopathology Lung/microbiology/*physiopathology Lung Diseases/complications/epidemiology/physiopathology Male Middle Aged Respiratory Function Tests Sputum/microbiology *Tropheryma/genetics
Qin S, Clausen E, Nouraie SM, Kingsley L, McMahon D, Kleerup E, Huang L, Ghedin E, Greenblatt RM, Morris A (2018). Tropheryma whipplei colonization in HIV-infected individuals is not associated with lung function or inflammation. PLoS One, 13(10), e0205065. PMC6171914
Journal Article
Brief report: Circulating markers of fibrosis are associated with immune reconstitution status in HIV-infected men
PLoS One
2018
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29381717
INTRODUCTION: Lymphoid tissue fibrosis may contribute to incomplete immune reconstitution on antiretroviral therapy (ART) via local CD4+ T lymphocyte (CD4) depletion. Hyaluronic acid (HA) increases with fibrotic burden. CXCL4 concentrations increase in response to pro-fibrotic stimuli, but lower CXCL4 concentrations in HIV-infected individuals may reflect successful immune evasion by HIV. We investigated relationships between circulating HA and CXCL4 concentrations and immune reconstitution on ART in HIV-infected Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study participants. METHODS: HIV-infected men on ART for >1 year with cryopreserved plasma samples and suppressed post-ART HIV-1 RNA were included. Men with post-ART CD4 <200 cells/mm3 were defined as immunologic non-responders (n = 25). Age-/race-matched men with post-ART CD4 >500 cells/mm3 served as controls (n = 49). HA and CXCL4 concentrations were measured via ELISA. RESULTS: Median pre-ART CD4 was 297 cells/mm3 for non-responders vs 386 cells/mm3
10.1371/journal.pone.0191606
29381717
PMC5790272
Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use Biomarkers/*blood CD4 Lymphocyte Count Fibrosis HIV Infections/blood/drug therapy/*immunology Humans Hyaluronic Acid/metabolism Lymphoid Tissue/pathology Male Middle Aged Platelet Factor 4/blood
Tobolowsky FA, Wada N, Martinez-Maza O, Magpantay L, Koletar SL, Palella FJ Jr, Brown TT, Lake JE (2018). Brief report: Circulating markers of fibrosis are associated with immune reconstitution status in HIV-infected men. PLoS One, 13(1), e0191606. PMC5790272
Journal Article
Prevalence and trends of polypharmacy among HIV-positive and -negative men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study from 2004 to 2016
PLoS One
2018
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30204807
Rates of aging-related comorbidities, which require targeted medications to treat, have been shown to be increased among persons living with HIV compared with uninfected counterparts. Polypharmacy is generally defined as the concurrent use of 5 or more medications. We investigated polypharmacy prevalence for non-HIV medications over a 12-year period among HIV-positive and -negative participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Information regarding non-HIV medication use, HIV status, age, race/ethnicity, enrollment period, and medication insurance was obtained on 3,160 participants from semiannual visits between 2004 and 2016. Polypharmacy was defined as taking 5 or more non-HIV medications since the last health care visit. Generalized estimating equation models with repeated measures were produced overall and by HIV status to examine polypharmacy. The unadjusted prevalence of polypharmacy across all study visits was 18.6% and was higher among HIV-positive participants (24.4%) com
10.1371/journal.pone.0203890
30204807
PMC6133387
Adult Age Factors Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use Comorbidity Follow-Up Studies HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*epidemiology Humans Male Middle Aged *Polypharmacy Prevalence Prospective Studies Risk Factors
Ware D, Palella FJ Jr, Chew KW, Friedman MR, D'Souza G, Ho K, Plankey M (2018). Prevalence and trends of polypharmacy among HIV-positive and -negative men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study from 2004 to 2016. PLoS One, 13(9), e0203890. PMC6133387
Journal Article
Using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale to assess depression in women with HIV and women at risk for HIV: Are somatic items invariant?
Psychol Assess
2018
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28230409
The prevalence of depression among women living with HIV/AIDS is elevated, compared with women in the general population and men diagnosed with HIV/AIDS. Although symptoms of HIV may overlap with somatic symptoms of depression, little research has explored how well screening tools accurately assess depression rather than symptoms of HIV/AIDS among women. The present study examined the utility of a widely used tool for assessing depression symptoms among women living with HIV/AIDS. Data are from the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), a multisite, longitudinal cohort study of women living with HIV/AIDS (n = 1,329) and seronegative women (n = 541) matched on key risk factors for HIV/AIDS. Confirmatory factor analysis-based measurement invariance tests of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) were conducted to determine whether women with HIV and those without HIV responded to the scale similarly. Results supported measurement invariance of CES-D scores. Findings
10.1037/pas0000456
28230409
PMC5568988
Adult Depression/*diagnosis Depressive Disorder/*diagnosis Female HIV Infections/*psychology Humans Longitudinal Studies Middle Aged Psychiatric Status Rating Scales/*standards Reproducibility of Results Risk
Adams LM, Wilson TE, Merenstein D, Milam J, Cohen J, Golub ET, Adedimeji A, Cook JA (2018). Using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale to assess depression in women with HIV and women at risk for HIV: Are somatic items invariant?. Psychol Assess, 30(1), 97-105. PMC5568988
Journal Article
HIV and symptoms of depression are independently associated with impaired glucocorticoid signaling
Psychoneuroendocrinology
2018
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29936334
Chronic inflammation caused by HIV infection may lead to deficient glucocorticoid (GC) signaling predisposing people living with HIV to depression and other psychiatric disorders linked to GC resistance. We hypothesized that comorbid HIV and depressive symptoms in women would synergistically associate with deficits in GC signaling. This cross-sectional study used samples obtained from the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). The Centers for Epidemiological Studies (CES-D) was used to define depression in four groups of women from the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS): 1) HIV-negative, non-depressed (n=37); 2) HIV-negative, depressed (n=34); 3) HIV-positive, non-depressed (n=38); and 4) HIV-positive, depressed (n=38). To assess changes in GC signaling from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), we examined baseline and dexamethasone (Dex)-stimulated changes in the expression of the GC receptor (GR, gene: Nr3c1) and its negative regulator Fkbp5 via quantitative RT-PCR. GR sensit
10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.06.013
29936334
PMC6131054
Adult Cross-Sectional Studies Depression/*metabolism/virology Dexamethasone/pharmacology Female Glucocorticoids/metabolism/physiology HIV/pathogenicity HIV Infections/complications/psychology Humans Interleukin-6 Metabolism, Inborn Errors Psychiatric Status Rating Scales Receptors, Glucocorticoid/deficiency/*metabolism/physiology Signal Transduction/physiology Tacrolimus Binding Proteins/*metabolism/physiology Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha *Depression *fkbp5 *Glucocorticoid *hiv *Inflammation *Women
Bekhbat M, Mehta CC, Kelly SD, Vester A, Ofotokun I, Felger J, Wingood G, Anastos K, Gustafson DR, Kassaye S, Milam J, Aouizerat B, Weber K, Golub ET, Moore MF, Diclemente R, Fischl M, Kempf MC, Maki P, Neigh GN (2018). HIV and symptoms of depression are independently associated with impaired glucocorticoid signaling. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 96(), 118-125. PMC6131054
Journal Article
Neighborhood Health Care Access and Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Women in the Southern United States: A Cross-Sectional Multilevel Analysis
Sex Transm Dis
2018
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28876296
INTRODUCTION: The United States has experienced an increase in reportable sexually transmitted infections (STIs) while simultaneously experiencing a decline in safety net services for STI testing and treatment. This multilevel study assessed relationships between neighborhood-level access to health care and STIs among a predominantly Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-seropositive cohort of women living in the south. METHODS: This cross-sectional multilevel analysis included baseline data from HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study sites in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, and North Carolina between 2013 and 2015 (N = 666). Administrative data (eg, United States Census) described health care access (eg, percentage of residents with a primary care provider, percentage of residents with health insurance) in the census tracts where women lived. Sexually transmitted infections (chlamydia, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, or early syphilis
10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000685
28876296
PMC5726943
Adult Cross-Sectional Studies Educational Status Ethnic Groups Female Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice Health Services Accessibility/*statistics & numerical data Humans Middle Aged Multilevel Analysis Patient Acceptance of Health Care/*statistics & numerical data Residence Characteristics Sexual Behavior Sexually Transmitted Diseases/*epidemiology Southwestern United States/epidemiology *Women's Health Young Adult
Haley DF, Edmonds A, Belenky N, Hickson DA, Ramirez C, Wingood GM, Bolivar H, Golub E, Adimora AA (2018). Neighborhood Health Care Access and Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Women in the Southern United States: A Cross-Sectional Multilevel Analysis. Sex Transm Dis, 45(1), 19-24. PMC5726943
Journal Article
Body Parts Matter: Social, Behavioral, and Biological Considerations for Urethral, Pharyngeal, and Rectal Gonorrhea and Chlamydia Screening Among MSM in Lima, Peru
Sex Transm Dis
2018
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30102262
BACKGROUND: Gonorrhea (Neisseria gonorrhoeae [GC]) and chlamydia (Chlamydia trachomatis [CT]) disproportionately affect men who have sex with men (MSM), and public health implications vary by anatomic site and bacterial agent. Urethral and rectal GC and CT can increase risk of HIV transmission, whereas pharyngeal GC may be a reservoir for antimicrobial resistance. To define screening priorities in Latin America, we compare differences in the prevalence and correlates of urethral, pharyngeal, and rectal GC and CT among MSM in Peru. METHODS: A cross-sectional sample of 787 MSM from Lima was screened between 2012 and 2014. We described prevalence of urethral, pharyngeal, and rectal GC and CT infection and conducted bivariate analyses of associations with social, behavioral, and biological characteristics. Poisson regression analyses assessed the correlates of each infection at each anatomic site. RESULTS: The most commonly symptomatic infection (urethral GC; 42.1%) was the least prevalent
10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000816
30102262
PMC6092933
Adolescent Adult Aged Chlamydia Infections/*epidemiology/microbiology Chlamydia trachomatis/*isolation & purification Cross-Sectional Studies Gonorrhea/*epidemiology/microbiology Homosexuality, Male Humans Male Mass Screening Middle Aged Neisseria gonorrhoeae/*isolation & purification Peru/epidemiology Pharynx/microbiology Rectum/microbiology Sexual Behavior Sexual and Gender Minorities Urethra/microbiology Young Adult
Passaro RC, Segura ER, Perez-Brumer A, Cabeza J, Montano SM, Lake JE, Sanchez J, Lama JR, Clark JL (2018). Body Parts Matter: Social, Behavioral, and Biological Considerations for Urethral, Pharyngeal, and Rectal Gonorrhea and Chlamydia Screening Among MSM in Lima, Peru. Sex Transm Dis, 45(9), 607-614. PMC6092933
Journal Article
NIHMS943476
Individual and partnership factors associated with anticipated versus actual partner notification following STI diagnosis among men who have sex with men and/or with transgender women in Lima, Peru
Sex Transm Infect
2018
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29191814
OBJECTIVES: A detailed understanding of intentions and practices related to partner notification (PN) following STI diagnosis can improve control strategies. We assessed participant-level and partner-level factors guiding notification behaviour among men who have sex with men and/or with transgender women (MSM-TW) in Lima, Peru, including discordances between anticipated and actual notification. METHODS: Men newly diagnosed with gonorrhoea, chlamydia and/or syphilis between 2012 and 2014 reported recent partners' characteristics, anticipated PN practices, and actual PN outcomes following diagnosis. Generalised estimating equation Poisson regression analyses assessed factors guiding PN outcomes. RESULTS: Participants (n=150) predominantly identified as homosexual (70%) and moderno (versatile sexual role, 55%); 55% of partners (n=402) were casual. Among all sexual partners, 35% were notified of the STI diagnosis, though only 51% of predicted PN occurred and 26% of actual notifications we
10.1136/sextrans-2017-053292
29191814
PMC5976515
Adult *Communication *Contact Tracing Female *Gonorrhea/diagnosis/epidemiology HIV Infections/diagnosis/epidemiology Homosexuality, Male Humans Interpersonal Relations Male Peru/epidemiology Prevalence *Sexual Partners Sexually Transmitted Diseases/*diagnosis/epidemiology Syphilis/diagnosis/epidemiology Transgender Persons Unsafe Sex Young Adult *latin america *menwho have sex with men *partner notification *public health *sexually transmitted diseases
Braun HM, Segura ER, Lake JE, Gandhi M, Rios J, Villaran MV, Sanchez J, Lama JR, Clark JL (2018). Individual and partnership factors associated with anticipated versus actual partner notification following STI diagnosis among men who have sex with men and/or with transgender women in Lima, Peru. Sex Transm Infect, 94(8), 607-610. PMC5976515
Journal Article
NIHMS931156
The effect of unstable housing on HIV treatment biomarkers: An instrumental variables approach
Soc Sci Med
2018
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30153546
Unstable housing, including homelessness, is a public policy concern for all populations, and more critically for people with a serious health condition such as HIV. We measure the effect of unstable housing on HIV treatment biomarkers: viral suppression (viral load<200 HIV RNA copies per ml) and adequate CD4(+) T-cell count (CD4>350cells per mul). We use panel data (1995-2015) from 3082 participants of the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) sites in Bronx and Brooklyn (NY), Chicago (IL), Los Angeles and San Francisco (CA), and Washington (DC). The instrumental variable (IV) measures allocations for the Housing Opportunities for People with AIDS (HOPWA) per person newly infected with HIV, and it represents actual availability of housing assistance for HIV-positive persons at the metropolitan area level. Using an extended probit model with the IV, we find that unstable housing reduces the likelihood of viral suppression by 51 percentage points, and decreases the probability of having
10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.07.051
30153546
PMC6171130
Adult Biomarkers/blood CD4 Lymphocyte Count Female HIV Infections/*blood/*therapy Homeless Persons/*statistics & numerical data Housing/*statistics & numerical data Humans Male Middle Aged Treatment Outcome United States Viral Load *CD4 cell count *hiv/aids *Housing assistance *Instrumental variables *Unstable housing *Viral suppression
Galárraga O, Rana A, Rahman M, Cohen M, Adimora AA, Sosanya O, Holman S, Kassaye S, Milam J, Cohen J, Golub ET, Metsch LR, Kempf MC (2018). The effect of unstable housing on HIV treatment biomarkers: An instrumental variables approach. Soc Sci Med, 214(), 70-82. PMC6171130
Journal Article
Perceptions of intersectional stigma among diverse women living with HIV in the United States
Soc Sci Med
2018
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29753137
Attitudes and behavior that devalue individuals based upon their HIV status (HIV-related stigma) are barriers to HIV prevention, treatment, and wellbeing among women living with HIV. Other coexisting forms of stigma (e.g., racism, sexism) may worsen the effects of HIV-related stigma, and may contribute to persistent racial and gendered disparities in HIV prevention and treatment. Few studies examine perceptions of intersectional stigma among women living with HIV. From June to December 2015, we conducted 76 qualitative interviews with diverse women living with HIV from varied socioeconomic backgrounds enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) in Birmingham, Alabama; Jackson, Mississippi; Atlanta, Georgia; and San Francisco, California. Interview guides facilitated discussions around stigma and discrimination involving multiple interrelated identities. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and coded using thematic analysis. Interviewees shared perceptions of v
10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.05.001
29753137
PMC6015551
Adult Aged Female HIV Infections/epidemiology/*psychology Healthcare Disparities Humans Income/statistics & numerical data Middle Aged *Perception Qualitative Research Racism/*psychology Sexism/*psychology Social Marginalization/psychology *Social Stigma United States/epidemiology *Discrimination *hiv *Health disparities *Intersectionality *Qualitative research *Stigma *United States *Women
Rice WS, Logie CH, Napoles TM, Walcott M, Batchelder AW, Kempf MC, Wingood GM, Konkle-Parker DJ, Turan B, Wilson TE, Johnson MO, Weiser SD, Turan JM (2018). Perceptions of intersectional stigma among diverse women living with HIV in the United States. Soc Sci Med, 208(), 17-Sep. PMC6015551
Journal Article
Time-varying copula models for longitudinal data
Stat Interface
2018
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29686744
We propose a copula-based joint modeling framework for mixed longitudinal responses. Our approach permits all model parameters to vary with time, and thus will enable researchers to reveal dynamic response-predictor relationships and response-response associations. We call the new class of models TIMECOP because we model dependence using a time-varying copula. We develop a one-step estimation procedure for the TIMECOP parameter vector, and also describe how to estimate standard errors. We investigate the finite sample performance of our procedure via three simulation studies, one of which shows that our procedure performs well under ignorable missingness. We also illustrate the applicability of our approach by analyzing binary and continuous responses from the Women's Interagency HIV Study and a smoking cessation program.
10.4310/SII.2018.v11.n2.a1
29686744
PMC5909848
Bimodal kernel Hiv Joint model Local regression Primary 62G08 Varying coefficient model secondary 62H20
Kürüm E, Hughes J, Li R, Shiffman S (2018). Time-varying copula models for longitudinal data. Stat Interface, 11(2), 203-221. PMC5909848
Journal Article
Considerations for analysis of time-to-event outcomes measured with error: Bias and correction with SIMEX
Stat Med
2018
15-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29193180
For time-to-event outcomes, a rich literature exists on the bias introduced by covariate measurement error in regression models, such as the Cox model, and methods of analysis to address this bias. By comparison, less attention has been given to understanding the impact or addressing errors in the failure time outcome. For many diseases, the timing of an event of interest (such as progression-free survival or time to AIDS progression) can be difficult to assess or reliant on self-report and therefore prone to measurement error. For linear models, it is well known that random errors in the outcome variable do not bias regression estimates. With nonlinear models, however, even random error or misclassification can introduce bias into estimated parameters. We compare the performance of 2 common regression models, the Cox and Weibull models, in the setting of measurement error in the failure time outcome. We introduce an extension of the SIMEX method to correct for bias in hazard ratio est
10.1002/sim.7554
29193180
PMC5810403
Algorithms *Bias Computer Simulation *Data Interpretation, Statistical Disease Progression Humans Linear Models *Nonlinear Dynamics *Proportional Hazards Models *Regression Analysis Time Factors *Cox model *simex *accelerated failure time *measurement error *survival analysis
Oh EJ, Shepherd BE, Lumley T, Shaw PA (2018). Considerations for analysis of time-to-event outcomes measured with error: Bias and correction with SIMEX. Stat Med, 37(8), 1276-1289. PMC5810403
Journal Article
NIHMS914900
Dynamic thresholds and a summary ROC curve: Assessing prognostic accuracy of longitudinal markers
Stat Med
2018
15-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29671890
Cancer patients, chronic kidney disease patients, and subjects infected with HIV are routinely monitored over time using biomarkers that represent key health status indicators. Furthermore, biomarkers are frequently used to guide initiation of new treatments or to inform changes in intervention strategies. Since key medical decisions can be made on the basis of a longitudinal biomarker, it is important to evaluate the potential accuracy associated with longitudinal monitoring. To characterize the overall accuracy of a time-dependent marker, we introduce a summary ROC curve that displays the overall sensitivity associated with a time-dependent threshold that controls time-varying specificity. The proposed statistical methods are similar to concepts considered in disease screening, yet our methods are novel in choosing a potentially time-dependent threshold to define a positive test, and our methods allow time-specific control of the false-positive rate. The proposed summary ROC curve is
10.1002/sim.7675
29671890
*Biomarkers Computer Simulation Decision Making Humans *Prognosis Proportional Hazards Models *ROC Curve Time *auc *longitudinal marker *sensitivity *specificity *time-dependent ROC
Saha-Chaudhuri P, Heagerty PJ (2018). Dynamic thresholds and a summary ROC curve: Assessing prognostic accuracy of longitudinal markers. Stat Med, 37(18), 2700-2714.
Journal Article
Subclinical herpesvirus shedding among HIV-1-infected men on antiretroviral therapy
AIDS
2017
24-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28723708
OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the subclinical shedding of six different herpesviruses in antiretroviral drug-treated HIV-positive [HIV(+)] MSM, and determined how this is associated with markers of inflammation and immune activation. METHODS: We obtained blood, semen, throat washing, urine, and stool from 15 antiretroviral-treated HIV-1-infected MSM with CD4 T-cell reconstitution, and 12 age-matched HIV-negative [HIV (-)] MSM from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study at four timepoints over 24 weeks to measure DNA levels of cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, human herpesvirus 6 (HHV6), and HHV8. T-cell activation and plasma levels of soluble markers of inflammation and activation were also measured at the corresponding timepoints. RESULTS: HIV(+) participants had a trend for higher total herpesvirus shedding rate. HIV(+) participants also had a significantly higher rate of shedding EBV and CMV compared with the HIV(-) group. Herpesvirus shedding was m
10.1097/QAD.0000000000001602
28723708
PMC5626452
Adult Anti-Retroviral Agents/*therapeutic use Antigens, CD/blood *Asymptomatic Infections Body Fluids/virology CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cytokines/blood Feces/virology HIV Infections/*complications/*drug therapy/pathology Herpesviridae/classification/*isolation & purification Herpesviridae Infections/*virology Homosexuality, Male Humans Male Middle Aged Pharynx/virology Prospective Studies *Virus Shedding
Agudelo-Hernandez A, Chen Y, Bullotta A, Buchanan WG, Klamar-Blain CR, Borowski L, Riddler SA, Rinaldo CR, Macatangay BJC (2017). Subclinical herpesvirus shedding among HIV-1-infected men on antiretroviral therapy. AIDS, 31(15), 2085-2094. PMC5626452
Journal Article
A novel anti-HIV immunotherapy to cure HIV
AIDS
2017
28-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28079543
Editorial Review
10.1097/QAD.0000000000001331
28079543
PMC7898938
*HIV Infections Hiv-1 Humans *Immunotherapy
Ahmad A, Rinaldo CR (2017). A novel anti-HIV immunotherapy to cure HIV. AIDS, 31(3), 447-449. PMC7898938
Journal Article
All-cause mortality in HIV-positive adults starting combination antiretroviral therapy: correcting for loss to follow-up
AIDS
2017
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28296798
OBJECTIVE: To estimate mortality in HIV-positive patients starting combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) and to discuss different approaches to calculating correction factors to account for loss to follow-up. METHODS: A total of 222 096 adult HIV-positive patients who started ART 2009-2014 in clinics participating in the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS collaboration in 43 countries in sub-Saharan Africa, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and North America were included. To allow for underascertainment of deaths due to loss to follow-up, two correction factors (one for the period 0-6 months on ART and one for later periods) or 168 correction factors (combinations of two sexes, three time periods after ART initiation, four age groups, and seven CD4 groups) based on tracing patients lost in Kenya and data linkages in South Africa were applied. Corrected mortality rates were compared with a worst case scenario assuming all patients lost to follow-up had died. RESULTS: L
10.1097/QAD.0000000000001321
28296798
PMC5540664
Adolescent Adult Aged Anti-Retroviral Agents/*therapeutic use Female Global Health HIV Infections/*complications/*drug therapy Humans Longitudinal Studies Lost to Follow-Up Male Middle Aged Models, Statistical *Mortality Young Adult
Anderegg N, Johnson LF, Zaniewski E, Althoff KN, Balestre E, Law M, Nash D, Shepherd BE, Yiannoutsos CT, Egger M; IeDEA, MeSH consortia (2017). All-cause mortality in HIV-positive adults starting combination antiretroviral therapy: correcting for loss to follow-up. AIDS, 31 Suppl 1(), S31-S40. PMC5540664
Journal Article
NIHMS831641
Increased glucose transporter-1 expression on intermediate monocytes from HIV-infected women with subclinical cardiovascular disease
AIDS
2017
14-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27835618
OBJECTIVE: People living with HIV (PLWH) have chronic immune activation and increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Activation of monocytes and T lymphocytes causes upregulation of glucose transporter-1 (GLUT1) for efficient function. PLWH have an increased percentage of GLUT1-expressing monocytes and T lymphocytes, but it is unclear if these cells are associated with CVD. We evaluated the expression of GLUT1 and CD38 on monocyte and T lymphocyte populations from HIV-infected women with subclinical CVD. METHODS: Participants with more than 75th percentile (n = 15) and less than 25th percentile (n = 15) age-adjusted intima-media thickness (IMT) at the right common carotid artery and bifurcation were identified from the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Groups were matched by age, race/ethnicity, smoking status, and CD4 cell count. All women were receiving suppressive antiretroviral therapy except for one high and one low IMT participant. Monocyte and T lymphocyte populations were eval
10.1097/QAD.0000000000001320
27835618
PMC5393043
ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1/analysis Adult Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cardiovascular Diseases/*pathology Carotid Arteries/pathology Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Female Flow Cytometry Glucose Transporter Type 1/*analysis HIV Infections/*complications/drug therapy Humans Longitudinal Studies Membrane Glycoproteins/analysis Middle Aged Monocytes/*chemistry T-Lymphocytes/chemistry
Butterfield TR, Hanna DB, Kaplan RC, Kizer JR, Durkin HG, Young MA, Nowicki MJ, Tien PC, Golub ET, Floris-Moore MA, Titanji K, Fischl MA, Heath SL, Martinson J, Crowe SM, Palmer CS, Landay AL, Anzinger JJ (2017). Increased glucose transporter-1 expression on intermediate monocytes from HIV-infected women with subclinical cardiovascular disease. AIDS, 31(2), 199-205. PMC5393043
Journal Article
Long-term nitrite inhalant exposure and cancer risk in MSM
AIDS
2017
15-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28441176
OBJECTIVES: Nitrite inhalants (poppers) are commonly used recreational drugs among MSM and were previously associated with elevated rates of high-risk sexual behavior, HIV and human herpesvirus type 8 (HHV-8) seroconversion, and transient immunosuppressive effects in experimental models. Whether long-term popper use is associated with cancer risk among MSM in the HAART era is unclear. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study of cancer risk in 3223 HIV-infected and uninfected MSM in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study from 1996-2010. METHODS: Poisson regression models were used to examine the association between heavy popper use (defined as daily or weekly use for at least 1 year) and risk of individual cancers or composite category of virus-associated cancers. RESULTS: Among all participants, heavy popper use was not associated with increased risk of any individual cancers. Among HIV-uninfected men aged 50-70, heavy popper use was associated with increased risk of virus-associated cancer with ca
10.1097/QAD.0000000000001451
28441176
PMC5414542
Adult *Drug Utilization HIV Infections/complications Herpesviridae Infections/complications Homosexuality, Male Humans Illicit Drugs/*adverse effects Male Middle Aged Neoplasms/*epidemiology Nitrites/*adverse effects Papillomavirus Infections/complications Prospective Studies Risk Assessment
Dutta A, Uno H, Holman A, Lorenz DR, Wolinsky SM, Gabuzda D. (2017). Long-term nitrite inhalant exposure and cancer risk in MSM. AIDS, 31(8), 1169-1180. PMC5414542
Journal Article
Antiretroviral initiation is associated with increased skeletal muscle area and fat content
AIDS
2017
24-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28590329
OBJECTIVE: A greater burden of physical function impairment occurs in HIV-infected adults; the impact of antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation on muscle density (less dense = more fat), a measure of muscle quality, is unknown. DESIGN: AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study A5260s, a cardiometabolic substudy of A5257, randomized HIV-infected, ART-naive adults to ritonavir-boosted atazanavir, darunavir, or raltegravir with tenofovir/emtricitabine backbone. Single-slice abdominal computed tomography scans from baseline and week 96 were reanalyzed for total and lean muscle area and density. METHODS: Two-sample t-tests described the differences between baseline and week 96 variables. Linear regression analysis was used to explore the role of a priori identified variables and potential confounders. RESULTS: Participants (n = 235) were mostly men (90%); 31% were Black non-Hispanic; 21% were Hispanic. Over 96 weeks, small but significant increases were seen in oblique/transverse abdominal, rectus,
10.1097/QAD.0000000000001558
28590329
PMC5533189
Adipose Tissue/*anatomy & histology/*growth & development Adult Anthropometry Anti-Retroviral Agents/*administration & dosage Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*pathology Humans Male Middle Aged Muscle, Skeletal/*anatomy & histology/*growth & development Radiography, Abdominal Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Erlandson KM, Fiorillo S, Masawi F, Scherzinger A, McComsey GA, Lake JE, Stein JH, Currier JS, Brown TT (2017). Antiretroviral initiation is associated with increased skeletal muscle area and fat content. AIDS, 31(13), 1831-1838. PMC5533189
Journal Article
NIHMS882591
An increased rate of fracture occurs a decade earlier in HIV+ compared to HIV- men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS)
AIDS
2017
4/3/2017
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28375873
OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence and age-related fracture risk among HIV-infected (HIV+) and uninfected men (HIV-). To evaluate factors independently associated with fracture risk. DESIGN: Prospective, multicenter cohort study of men with or at risk for HIV. METHODS: Outcome measures: 1) all fractures (excluding skull, face, digits) and 2) fragility fractures (vertebral column, femur, wrist, humerus) were collected semiannually in 1221 HIV+ and 1408 HIV- men >/= age 40. Adjusted incident rate ratios (aIRR) with an interaction term for age (40-49, 50-59, >/=60 years) and HIV serostatus were estimated with Poisson regression models accounting for additional risk factors. RESULTS: Fracture incidence increased with age among both HIV+ and HIV- men. While there was no significant difference in fracture incidence by HIV serostatus among men aged 40-49 years, the HIV+ men aged 50-59 years had a significantly higher incidence of all fractures (aIRR = 2.06 [1.49, 2.84]) and fragility frac
10.1097/QAD.0000000000001493 [doi]
28574962
PMC5624823
age AIDS cohort Cohort Studies cohort study HIV MACS methods multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Risk study
Gonciulea A, Wang R, Althoff KN, Palella FJ, Lake J, Kingsley LA, Brown TT (2017). An increased rate of fracture occurs a decade earlier in HIV+ compared to HIV- men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). AIDS, (), . PMC5624823
Journal Article
An increased rate of fracture occurs a decade earlier in HIV+ compared with HIV- men
AIDS
2017
19-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28574962
OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence of fracture among aging HIV-infected (HIV+) and uninfected men (HIV-). To evaluate factors independently associated with fracture risk. DESIGN: Prospective, multicenter cohort study of men with or at risk for HIV. METHODS: Outcome measures: all fractures (excluding skull, face and digits) and fragility fractures (vertebral column, femur, wrist and humerus) were collected semiannually in 1221 HIV+ and 1408 HIV- men aged at least 40. Adjusted incident rate ratios (aIRR) with an interaction term for age (40-49, 50-59 and >/=60 years) and HIV serostatus were estimated with Poisson regression models accounting for additional risk factors. RESULTS: Fracture incidence increased with age among both HIV+ and HIV- men. Although there was no significant difference in fracture incidence by HIV serostatus among men aged 40-49 years, the HIV+ men aged 50-59 years had a significantly higher incidence of all fractures [aIRR: 2.06 (1.49, 2.84)] and fragility fract
10.1097/QAD.0000000000001493
28574962
PMC5624823
Adult Fractures, Bone/*epidemiology HIV Infections/*complications Humans Incidence Male Middle Aged Prospective Studies Risk Assessment
Gonciulea A, Wang R, Althoff KN, Palella FJ, Lake J, Kingsley LA, Brown TT (2017). An increased rate of fracture occurs a decade earlier in HIV+ compared with HIV- men. AIDS, 31(10), 1435-1443. PMC5624823
Journal Article
NIHMS865484
Geriatric syndromes: new frontiers in HIV and sarcopenia
AIDS
2017
1-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28471944
10.1097/QAD.0000000000001444
28471944
PMC5693390
*Aging *Disease Management HIV Infections/*complications/*drug therapy Humans Sarcopenia/*epidemiology/*therapy: HIV infection, in many circumstances, can now be managed as a chronic disease due to the marked increase in life expectancy since the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART). As the patients who first had access to combination ART age into their 50s and 60s, the effects of chronic HIV infection on health have become an important research focus in HIV infection. People living with HIV appear to exhibit an earlier occurrence of some aging-related conditions compared to people without HIV, in part due to higher rates of comorbidities, high-risk behaviors (e.g. smoking, substance use), chronic immune activation, inflammation, and ART-specific factors. Some studies have even suggested an earlier-than-expected appearance of the 'geriatric syndromes,' which are complex medical syndromes of older adults that are associated with morbidity and mortality. The geriatric
Hawkins KL, Brown TT, Margolick JB, Erlandson KM (2017). Geriatric syndromes: new frontiers in HIV and sarcopenia. AIDS, 31 Suppl 2(), S137-S146. PMC5693390
Journal Article
Sex differences in the association of HIV infection with hepatic steatosis
AIDS
2017
28-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27831949
BACKGROUND: Hepatic steatosis is increasing worldwide. Whether HIV and its associated metabolic perturbations exacerbate steatosis is unclear. Sex differences in adipose tissue distribution may also affect steatosis risk. We examined the contribution of HIV and sex to steatosis. METHODS: Using MRI and spectroscopy, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and liver fat fraction (LFF) were measured in 121 HIV-infected and 107 uninfected men and women without viral hepatitis. Differences in LFF by HIV status and sex were evaluated using multivariable linear regression, adjusting for demographic, lifestyle, VAT, homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance, and HIV-related factors. RESULTS: HIV-infected women had lower LFF than uninfected women (demographic-adjusted mean: 1.9 vs. 3.1%; P = 0.028); LFF was similar in HIV-infected and uninfected men (4.6 vs. 4.1%; P = 0.78). HIV-infected and uninfected women had less VAT than men (median: 139 and 161 vs. 201 cm and 188 cm, respectively).
10.1097/QAD.0000000000001334
27831949
PMC5233556
Adult Fatty Liver/diagnostic imaging/*epidemiology/pathology Female HIV Infections/*complications Humans Liver/diagnostic imaging/pathology Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Middle Aged Prospective Studies *Sex Factors
Kardashian A, Ma Y, Scherzer R, Price JC, Sarkar M, Korn N, Tillinghast K, Peters MG, Noworolski SM, Tien PC (2017). Sex differences in the association of HIV infection with hepatic steatosis. AIDS, 31(3), 365-373. PMC5233556
Journal Article
Association of a 3' untranslated region polymorphism in proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 with HIV viral load and CD4+ levels in HIV/hepatitis C virus coinfected women
AIDS
2017
28-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29120899
OBJECTIVE: To assess variation in genes that regulate cholesterol metabolism in relation to the natural history of HIV infection. DESIGN: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of the Women's Interagency HIV Study. METHODS: We examined 2050 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 19 genes known to regulate cholesterol metabolism in relation to HIV viral load and CD4 T-cell levels in a multiracial cohort of 1066 antiretroviral therapy-naive women. RESULTS: Six SNPs were associated with both HIV viral load and CD4 T-cell levels at a false discovery rate of 0.01. Bioinformatics tools did not predict functional activity for five SNPs, located in introns of nuclear receptor corepressor 2, retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRA), and tetratricopeptide repeat domain 39B. Rs17111557 located in the 3' untranslated region of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) putatively affects binding of hsa-miR-548t-5p and hsa-miR-4796-3p, which could regulate PCSK9 expression levels. Interrog
10.1097/QAD.0000000000001648
29120899
PMC5724557
*3' Untranslated Regions Adult CD4 Lymphocyte Count CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology Coinfection/*genetics/pathology Cross-Sectional Studies Female HIV Infections/*genetics/pathology Hepatitis C, Chronic/*genetics/pathology Humans Longitudinal Studies *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide Proprotein Convertase 9/*genetics *Viral Load
Kuniholm MH, Liang H, Anastos K, Gustafson D, Kassaye S, Nowicki M, Sha BE, Pawlowski EJ, Gange SJ, Aouizerat BE, Pushkarsky T, Bukrinsky MI, Prasad VR (2017). Association of a 3' untranslated region polymorphism in proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 with HIV viral load and CD4+ levels in HIV/hepatitis C virus coinfected women. AIDS, 31(18), 2483-2492. PMC5724557
Journal Article
Use of rosuvastatin in HIV-associated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
AIDS
2017
2/20/2017
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27941393
OBJECTIVES: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is more prevalent in HIV-infected individuals and is associated with persistent inflammation. Therapies unique to HIV are lacking. We performed a pilot study of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor rosuvastatin to determine effects on lung function. DESIGN: Randomized, placebo-controlled, triple-blinded trial. METHODS: HIV-infected individuals with abnormal lung function were recruited from an ongoing lung function study. Participants were randomized to 24 weeks of placebo (n = 11) or rosuvastatin (n = 11) using an adaptive randomization based on change in peripheral C-reactive protein levels at 30 days of treatment. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLco)%-predicted were compared to baseline at 24 weeks in the two groups using a Wilcoxon rank-sum test. The %-predicted change at 24 weeks in pulmonary function variables was compared between groups using simu
10.1097/QAD.0000000000001365
27941393
PMC5263188
C-Reactive Protein change clinical clinical trial Clinical Trials Disease effects health Hiv Inflammation Los Angeles Lung methods Pennsylvania Pittsburgh population Public Health San Francisco study therapies therapy treatment trial
Morris A, Fitzpatrick M, Bertolet M, Qin S, Kingsley L, Leo N, Kessinger C, Michael H, Mcmahon D, Weinman R, Stone S, Leader JK, Kleerup E, Huang L, Wisniewski SR (2017). Use of rosuvastatin in HIV-associated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. AIDS, 31(4), 539-544. PMC5263188
Journal Article
Controlled attenuation parameter and magnetic resonance spectroscopy-measured liver steatosis are discordant in obese HIV-infected adults
AIDS
2017
24-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28723710
OBJECTIVE: Hepatic steatosis is common in HIV-infected individuals. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is the preferred noninvasive method for hepatic steatosis measurement but is expensive. Controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) also assesses hepatic steatosis and is conveniently performed concomitantly with transient elastography. We aimed to assess the accuracy of CAP in the setting of HIV infection. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: CAP and MRS were performed in 82 study participants (39 HIV monoinfected; seven hepatitis C virus (HCV) monoinfected; 21 HIV/HCV coinfected; 15 with neither infection). We used concordance correlation coefficients to compare log-transformed and standardized CAP and MRS values and linear regression to examine factors associated with CAP and MRS-measured hepatic steatosis (MRS-HS). The accuracy of CAP to detect at least mild hepatic steatosis, defined as MRS-liver fat fraction more than 0.05, and the factors associated with discordance between CA
10.1097/QAD.0000000000001601
28723710
PMC5783297
Adult Aged Cross-Sectional Studies Diagnostic Tests, Routine/*methods Fatty Liver/*diagnostic imaging/*pathology Female HIV Infections/*complications Humans *Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Male Middle Aged Obesity/*complications Sensitivity and Specificity *Ultrasonography
Price JC, Dodge JL, Ma Y, Scherzer R, Korn N, Tillinghast K, Peters MG, Noworolski S, Tien PC (2017). Controlled attenuation parameter and magnetic resonance spectroscopy-measured liver steatosis are discordant in obese HIV-infected adults. AIDS, 31(15), 2119-2125. PMC5783297
Journal Article
Higher CD163 levels are associated with insulin resistance in hepatitis C virus-infected and HIV-infected adults
AIDS
2017
28-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28081037
OBJECTIVES: HIV/hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection is associated with insulin resistance, but the mechanism is unclear. We hypothesized that intestinal epithelial damage and the consequent monocyte/macrophage activation and inflammation explain this perturbation. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study of 519 adults (220 HIV+/HCV-; 64 HIV-/HCV+; 89 HIV+/HCV+; 146 HIV-/HCV-). METHODS: We used multivariable linear regression to evaluate associations of HIV and HCV with the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and if intestinal fatty (FA) acid binding protein (I-FABP, a marker of gut epithelial integrity), soluble CD14 (sCD14) and soluble CD163 (sCD163) (markers of monocyte/macrophage activation), and IL-6 (an inflammatory cytokine) mediated this association. RESULTS: HIV+/HCV+ and HIV-/HCV+ had greater demographic-adjusted HOMA-IR [mean (95% confidence interval (CI)): 1.96 (1.51, 2.54) and 1.65 (1.22, 2.24)] than HIV+/HCV- and HIV-/HCV-[1.41 (1.18, 1.67) and 1.44 (1.17, 1.
10.1097/QAD.0000000000001345
28081037
PMC5235318
Adult Antigens, CD/*blood Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/*blood Coinfection/*complications/*pathology Cross-Sectional Studies Female HIV Infections/complications/*pathology Hepatitis C, Chronic/complications/*pathology Humans *Insulin Resistance Male Middle Aged Receptors, Cell Surface/*blood
Reid M, Ma Y, Scherzer R, Price JC, French AL, Plankey MW, Grunfeld C, Tien PC (2017). Higher CD163 levels are associated with insulin resistance in hepatitis C virus-infected and HIV-infected adults. AIDS, 31(3), 385-393. PMC5235318
Journal Article
Cervical cancer screening intervals and management for women living with HIV: a risk benchmarking approach
AIDS
2017
24-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28323758
OBJECTIVE: We suggested cervical cancer screening strategies for women living with HIV (WLHIV) by comparing their precancer risks to general population women, and then compared our suggestions with current Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines. DESIGN: We compared risks of biopsy-confirmed cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial neoplasia or worse (bHSIL+), calculated among WLHIV in the Women's Interagency HIV Study, to 'risk benchmarks' for specific management strategies in the general population. METHODS: We applied parametric survival models among 2423 WLHIV with negative or atypical squamous cell of undetermined significance (ASC-US) cytology during 2000-2015. Separately, we synthesized published general population bHSIL+ risks to generate 3-year risk benchmarks for a 3-year return (after negative cytology, i.e. 'rescreening threshold'), a 6-12-month return (after ASC-US), and immediate colposcopy [after low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL)].
10.1097/QAD.0000000000001450
28323758
PMC5531443
Adult Benchmarking Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/*diagnosis Cytological Techniques *Disease Management Female HIV Infections/*complications Histocytochemistry Humans Mass Screening/*methods Middle Aged Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/*diagnosis
Robbins HA, Strickler HD, Massad LS, Pierce CB, Darragh TM, Minkoff H, Keller MJ, Fischl M, Palefsky J, Flowers L, Rahangdale L, Milam J, Shrestha S, Colie C, DʼSouza G (2017). Cervical cancer screening intervals and management for women living with HIV: a risk benchmarking approach. AIDS, 31(7), 1035-1044. PMC5531443
Journal Article
Perceived and post-traumatic stress are associated with decreased learning, memory, and fluency in HIV-infected women
AIDS
2017
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28857823
OBJECTIVE: Psychological risk factors (PRFs) are associated with impaired learning and memory in HIV-infected (HIV+) women. We determined the dynamic nature of the effects of PRFs and HIV serostatus on learning and memory over time. DESIGN: Multi-center, prospective cohort study METHODS:: Every two years between 2009 and 2013 (3 times), 646 HIV+ and 300 demographically-similar HIV-uninfected (HIV-) women from the Women's Interagency HIV Study completed neuropsychological (NP) testing and questionnaires measuring PRFs (perceived stress, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, depressive symptoms). Using mixed-effects regressions, we examined separate and interactive associations between HIV-serostatus and PRFs on performance over time. RESULTS: HIV+ and HIV- women had similar rates of PRFs. Fluency was the only domain where performance over time depended on the combined influence of HIV-serostatus and stress or PTSD (p's < 0.05); not depression. In HIV, higher stress and PTSD we
10.1097/QAD.0000000000001625
28857823
PMC5831482
Adult Female HIV Infections/*complications Humans Learning Disabilities/*epidemiology/*pathology Memory Disorders/*epidemiology/*pathology Middle Aged Neuropsychological Tests Prospective Studies Risk Factors *Stress, Psychological Surveys and Questionnaires
Rubin LH, Cook JA, Springer G, Weber KM, Cohen MH, Martin EM, Valcour VG, Benning L, Alden C, Milam J, Anastos K, Young MA, Gustafson DR, Sundermann EE, Maki PM (2017). Perceived and post-traumatic stress are associated with decreased learning, memory, and fluency in HIV-infected women. AIDS, 31(17), 2393-1401. PMC5831482
Journal Article
Frailty is strongly associated with increased risk of recurrent falls among older HIV-infected adults
AIDS
2017
23-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28991026
OBJECTIVE: Both frailty and falls occur at earlier-than-expected ages among HIV-infected individuals, but the contribution of frailty-to-fall risk in this population is not well understood. We examined this association among participants enrolled in AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) A5322. DESIGN: A prospective, multicenter cohort study of HIV-infected men and women aged at least 40 years. METHODS: Frailty assessment included a 4-m walk, grip strength, and self-reported weight loss, exhaustion, and low physical activity. Multinomial logistic regression assessed the association between baseline frailty, grip, and 4-m walk, and single and recurrent (2+) falls over the next 12 months; logistic regression assessed effect modification by several factors on association between frailty and any (1+) falls. RESULTS: Of 967 individuals, 6% were frail, 39% prefrail, and 55% nonfrail. Eighteen percent had at least one fall, and 7% had recurrent falls. In multivariable models, recurrent falls were
10.1097/QAD.0000000000001613
28991026
PMC5654616
*Accidental Falls Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Female Frailty/*complications HIV Infections/*complications Humans Male Middle Aged Prospective Studies Recurrence Risk Assessment
Tassiopoulos K, Abdo M, Wu K, Koletar SL, Palella FJ Jr, Kalayjian R, Taiwo B, Erlandson KM (2017). Frailty is strongly associated with increased risk of recurrent falls among older HIV-infected adults. AIDS, 31(16), 2287-2294. PMC5654616
Journal Article
NIHMS900112
Transcriptome analyses identify key cellular factors associated with HIV-1-associated neuropathogenesis in infected men
AIDS
2017
13-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28005686
OBJECTIVE: HIV-1 viral proteins and host inflammatory factors have a direct role in neuronal toxicity in vitro; however, the contribution of these factors in vivo in HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) is not fully understood. We applied novel Systems Biology approaches to identify specific cellular and viral factors and their related pathways that are associated with different stages of HAND. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study of individuals enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study including HIV-1-seronegative (N = 36) and HIV-1-seropositive individuals without neurocognitive symptoms (N = 16) or with mild neurocognitive disorder (MND) (N = 8) or HIV-associated dementia (HAD) (N = 16). METHODS: A systematic evaluation of global transcriptome of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from HIV-1-seronegative individuals and from HIV-1-positive men without neurocognitive symptoms, or MND or HAD was performed. RESULTS: MND and HAD were associated with specific c
10.1097/QAD.0000000000001379
28005686
PMC5389669
AIDS Dementia Complex/*physiopathology Cells, Cultured Cross-Sectional Studies *Gene Expression Profiling Gene Regulatory Networks HIV Infections/*complications HIV-1/*pathogenicity *Host-Pathogen Interactions Humans Leukocytes, Mononuclear/*physiology/*virology Male Systems Biology/methods
Venkatachari NJ, Jain S, Walker L, Bivalkar-Mehla S, Chattopadhyay A, Bar-Joseph Z, Rinaldo C, Ragin A, Seaberg E, Levine A, Becker J, Martin E, Sacktor N, Ayyavoo V (2017). Transcriptome analyses identify key cellular factors associated with HIV-1-associated neuropathogenesis in infected men. AIDS, 31(5), 623-633. PMC5389669
Journal Article
Smoking, HIV, and risk of pregnancy loss
AIDS
2017
20-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27902507
OBJECTIVE: Cigarette smoking during pregnancy increases risks of poor pregnancy outcomes including miscarriage and stillbirth (pregnancy loss), but the effect of smoking on pregnancy loss among HIV-infected women has not been explored. Here, investigated the impact of smoking on risk of pregnancy loss among HIV-positive and HIV-negative women, and estimated the potential impact of realistic smoking cessation interventions on risk of pregnancy loss among HIV-positive women. DESIGN: We analyzed pregnancy outcomes in HIV-positive and HIV-negative participants in the Women's Interagency HIV Study between 1994 and 2014. METHODS: We estimated effects of current smoking at or immediately before pregnancy on pregnancy loss; we controlled for confounding using regression approaches, and estimated potential impact of realistic smoking cessation interventions using a semiparametric g-formula approach. RESULTS: Analysis examined 1033 pregnancies among 659 women. The effect of smoking on pregnancy
10.1097/QAD.0000000000001342
27902507
PMC5263172
Abortion, Spontaneous/*epidemiology Adult Female HIV Infections/*complications Humans Pregnancy Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/*epidemiology Prospective Studies Risk Assessment Smoking/*adverse effects United States
Westreich D, Cates J, Cohen M, Weber KM, Seidman D, Cropsey K, Wright R, Milam J, Young MA, Mehta CC, Gustafson DR, Golub ET, Fischl MA, Adimora AA (2017). Smoking, HIV, and risk of pregnancy loss. AIDS, 31(4), 553-560. PMC5263172
Journal Article
Retention, Antiretroviral Therapy Use and Viral Suppression by History of Injection Drug Use Among HIV-Infected Patients in an Urban HIV Clinical Cohort
AIDS Behav
2017
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27752872
Compared to HIV-infected persons who do not inject drugs (non-IDU), persons who inject drugs (PWID) experience disparities in linking to medical care, initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) and achieving viral suppression. There has been little attention to changes in these disparities over time. We estimated the proportion of PWID and non-IDU retained in care, on ART, and virally suppressed each year from 2001-2012 in the Johns Hopkins HIV Clinical Cohort (JHHCC). We defined active clinic patients as those who had >/=1 clinical visit, CD4 cell count, or viral load between July 1 of the prior year, and June 30 of the analysis year. Within a calendar year, retention was defined as >/=2 clinical visits or HIV-related laboratory measurements >90 days; ART use was defined as >/=1 ART prescription active >/=30 days; and viral suppression was defined as >/=1 HIV viral load <400 copies/mL. While PWID were less likely to be retained in earlier years, the gaps in retention closed around 2010.
10.1007/s10461-016-1585-5
27752872
PMC5344751
Adolescent Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use Baltimore CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*transmission/virology HIV-1/*drug effects Humans Male Middle Aged Outpatient Clinics, Hospital *Patient Compliance Substance Abuse, Intravenous/*complications/*epidemiology Urban Population/*statistics & numerical data Viral Load/drug effects Young Adult Antiretroviral therapy HIV care continuum Injection drug use Viral load suppression
Lesko CR, Tong W, Moore RD, Lau B (2017). Retention, Antiretroviral Therapy Use and Viral Suppression by History of Injection Drug Use Among HIV-Infected Patients in an Urban HIV Clinical Cohort. AIDS Behav, 21(4), 1016-1024. PMC5344751
Journal Article
NIHMS823753
Longitudinal modeling of depressive trajectories among HIV-infected men using cocaine
AIDS Behav
2017
Jul-17
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28550378
Cocaine use is prevalent among HIV-infected individuals. While cross-sectional studies suggest that cocaine users may be at increased risk for depression, long-term effects of cocaine on depressive symptoms remain unclear. This is a longitudinal study of 341 HIV-infected and uninfected men (135 cocaine users and 206 controls) ages 30-60 enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study during 1996-2009. The median baseline age was 41; 73% were African-American. In mixed-effects models over a median of 4.8 years of observation, cocaine use was associated with higher depressive symptoms independent of age, education level, and smoking (n = 288; p = 0.02); HIV infection modified this association (p = 0.03). Latent class mixed models were used to empirically identify distinct depressive trajectories (n = 160). In adjusted models, cocaine use was associated with threefold increased odds of membership in the class with persistent high depressive symptoms (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.38-6.69)
10.1007/s10461-017-1801-y
28550378
PMC5538019
age AIDS Boston cancer cohort Cohort Studies cohort study control cross-sectional Cross-Sectional Studies Depression Education effects health Hiv HIV infection immunology infection longitudinal Longitudinal Studies median Mental Health model multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study neurology Observation Risk Smoking study substance use symptoms treatment virology
Mukerji S, Haghighat R, Misra V, Lorenz DR, Holman A, Dutta A, Gabuzda D (2017). Longitudinal modeling of depressive trajectories among HIV-infected men using cocaine. AIDS Behav, 21(7), 1985-1995. PMC5538019
Journal Article
Trajectories of marijuana use among HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative MSM in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), 1984-2013
AIDS Behav
2017
Apr-17
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27260179
To construct longitudinal trajectories of marijuana use in a sample of men who have sex with men living with or at-risk for HIV infection. We determined factors associated with distinct trajectories of use as well as those that serve to modify the course of the trajectory. Data were from 3658 [1439 HIV-seropositive (HIV+) and 2219 HIV-seronegative (HIV-)] participants of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Frequency of marijuana use was obtained semiannually over a 29-year period (1984-2013). Group-based trajectory models were used to identify the trajectories and to determine predictors and modifiers of the trajectories over time. Four distinct trajectories of marijuana use were identified: abstainer/infrequent (65 %), decreaser (13 %), increaser (12 %) and chronic high (10 %) use groups. HIV+ status was significantly associated with increased odds of membership in the decreaser, increaser and chronic high use groups. Alcohol, smoking, stimulant and other recreational drug use were ass
10.1007/s10461-016-1445-3
27260179
PMC5136352
AIDS alcohol antiretroviral therapy Baltimore behavioral Chicago cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Disease drug use epidemiology health Hiv HIV infection infection infectious diseases longitudinal Los Angeles MACS model MSM multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study neurology Pittsburgh predictor predictors psychiatry psychology Public Health sex Smoking study therapies therapy Time Viral Load
Okafor CN, Cook RL, Chen X, Surkan PJ, Becker JT, Shoptaw S, Martin E, Plankey MW (2017). Trajectories of marijuana use among HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative MSM in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), 1984-2013. AIDS Behav, 21(4), 1091-1104. PMC5136352
Journal Article
Food Insecurity is Associated with Poor HIV Outcomes Among Women in the United States
AIDS Behav
2017
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29119474
Women in the general population experience more food insecurity than men. Few studies have examined food insecurity's impact on HIV treatment outcomes among women. We examined the association between food insecurity and HIV outcomes in a multi-site sample of HIV-infected women in the United States (n = 1154). Two-fifths (40%) of participants reported food insecurity. In an adjusted multivariable Tobit regression model, food insecurity was associated with 2.08 times higher viral load (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04, 4.15) and lower CD4+ counts (- 42.10, CI: - 81.16, - 3.03). Integration of food insecurity alleviation into HIV programs may improve HIV outcomes in women.
10.1007/s10461-017-1968-2
29119474
PMC5824627
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use CD4 Lymphocyte Count Female *Food Supply HIV Infections/*drug therapy/epidemiology/virology Humans Longitudinal Studies Male *Medication Adherence Prospective Studies Treatment Outcome United States/epidemiology *Viral Load Food insecurity Hiv Viral load Women
Spinelli MA, Frongillo EA, Sheira LA, Palar K, Tien PC, Wilson T, Merenstein D, Cohen M, Adedimeji A, Wentz E, Adimora AA, Metsch LR, Turan JM, Kushel MB, Weiser SD (2017). Food Insecurity is Associated with Poor HIV Outcomes Among Women in the United States. AIDS Behav, 21(12), 3473-3477. PMC5824627
Journal Article
Unsafe Sexual Behavior Among Gay/Bisexual Men in the Era of Combination Antiretroviral Therapy (cART)
AIDS Behav
2017
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27990578
The aim of this study was to determine the association between psychosocial determinants of unprotected receptive anal intercourse (URAI) and unprotected insertive anal intercourse (UIAI). Data from 417 HIV positive men who have sex with men (MSM) in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study from April 1999 to March 2012 were analyzed and adjusted odds were calculated. It was found that 66% (n = 277) and 72% (n = 299) reported any UIAI or URAI over follow-up, respectively. Cumulative cART-years (median = 5.30 years) was associated with 33 and 47% increases in UIAI and URAI, respectively. Not having reduced concern about HIV transmission (UIAI: OR 0.37, p-value = 0.0004; URAI: OR 0.57, p-value = 0.04), increased safe sex fatigue (UIAI: OR 2.32, 95% p-value = 0.0002; URAI: OR 1.94, p-value = 0.003), and sexual sensation seeking (UIAI: OR 1.76, p-value = 0.002; URAI: OR 1.56, p-value = 0.02) were associated with UIAI and URAI. Serosorting was associated with UIAI (OR 6.11, p-value < 0.0001) and U
10.1007/s10461-016-1614-4
27990578
PMC5476502
Adult *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Bisexuality/*psychology Cohort Studies HIV Infections/*drug therapy/psychology Homosexuality, Male/*psychology Humans Longitudinal Studies Male Safe Sex/psychology Sexual Behavior/*psychology Sexual Partners/psychology Sexual and Gender Minorities Surveys and Questionnaires Unsafe Sex/*psychology/statistics & numerical data Anti-retroviral agents Cohort study Hiv Homosexuality Sexual behavior
Surkan PJ, Li Y, Jacobson LP, Cox C, Silvestre A, Gorbach P, Teplin L, Plankey M (2017). Unsafe Sexual Behavior Among Gay/Bisexual Men in the Era of Combination Antiretroviral Therapy (cART). AIDS Behav, 21(10), 2874-2885. PMC5476502
Journal Article
A Study of the Longitudinal Patterns of Stimulant and Amyl Nitrite Use and Sexual Behavior Pre- and Post-HIV Seroconversion Among MSM
AIDS Behav
2017
12/16/2017
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29248970
The use of stimulant drugs alone or in combination with amyl nitrites (stimulant/nitrites) has been associated with higher rates of risky sexual behavior and predictive of HIV infection among men who have sex with men. However, the temporal pattern of stimulant/nitrite use pre- and post-seroconversion has not been well established. This study assessed changes in stimulant/nitrite use and risky sexual behavior among seroconverting MSM over time. Data were collected in the Baltimore-Washington, DC; Pittsburgh; Chicago; and Los Angeles sites of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), a longitudinal study of the natural history of HIV infection among MSM. We used propensity scores to select 1044 MSM from 7087 MACS participants composed of 348 seroconverting, 348 seronegative, and 348 seroprevalent participants matched on demographics, recruitment cohort, and study visits. We centered up to four-years of semi-annual data around the seroconversion visit of the seroconverting case within ea
10.1007/s10461-017-2008-y [doi];10.1007/s10461-017-2008-y [pii]
29248970
PMC7784084
AIDS behavior case cohort Cohort Studies cohort study demographics drug use drugs effects Hiv infection Longitudinal Studies Los Angeles MACS Male MSM multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Risk seroconversion sexual sexual behavior study Time
Swartz JA, McCarty-Caplan D (2017). A Study of the Longitudinal Patterns of Stimulant and Amyl Nitrite Use and Sexual Behavior Pre- and Post-HIV Seroconversion Among MSM. AIDS Behav, (), . PMC7784084
Journal Article
Association between Perceived Discrimination in Healthcare Settings and HIV Medication Adherence: Mediating Psychosocial Mechanisms
AIDS Behav
2017
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29081045
There is insufficient research on the impact of perceived discrimination in healthcare settings on adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART), particularly among women living with HIV, and even less is known about psychosocial mechanisms that may mediate this association. Cross-sectional analyses were conducted in a sample of 1356 diverse women living with HIV enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), a multi-center cohort study. Indirect effects analysis with bootstrapping was used to examine the potential mediating roles of internalized stigma and depressive symptoms in the association between perceived discrimination in healthcare settings and ART adherence. Perceived discrimination in healthcare settings was negatively associated with optimal (95% or better) ART adherence (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.81, p = 0.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.68, 0.97]). Furthermore, internalization of stigma and depressive symptoms mediated the perceived discrimination-adherence as
10.1007/s10461-017-1957-5
29081045
PMC5705383
Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*methods Cohort Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Depression/*psychology *Discrimination, Psychological Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/psychology Humans Medication Adherence/*psychology Middle Aged Pain Management Perception *Social Stigma Young Adult Adherence Depression Discrimination Hiv Mental health Stigma
Turan B, Rogers AJ, Rice WS, Atkins GC, Cohen MH, Wilson TE, Adimora AA, Merenstein D, Adedimeji A, Wentz EL, Ofotokun I, Metsch L, Tien PC, Johnson MO, Turan JM, Weiser SD (2017). Association between Perceived Discrimination in Healthcare Settings and HIV Medication Adherence: Mediating Psychosocial Mechanisms. AIDS Behav, 21(12), 3431-3439. PMC5705383
Journal Article
Abuse, nocturnal stress hormones, and coronary heart disease risk among women with HIV
AIDS Care
2017
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27733045
This study investigated the relationships among abuse, nocturnal levels of cortisol and norepinephrine (NE), and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk as measured by the Framingham risk score among women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Participants (n = 53) from the Chicago Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), a longitudinal prospective cohort study initiated in 1994, were enrolled in this study during 2012. At WIHS baseline and annual follow-up visits, women were asked about recent experiences of abuse. Summary variables captured the proportion of visits for which women reported recent (past 12 months) physical, sexual, and domestic abuse. Cortisol and NE were assayed in overnight urine samples and adjusted for creatinine levels. Recent abuse was not significantly associated with levels of cortisol, NE, or NE/cortisol ratio. However, higher NE/cortisol ratio was significantly related to higher CHD risk score, higher cortisol was significantly related to lower CHD risk score, and
10.1080/09540121.2016.1241378
27733045
PMC5699459
Adult Chicago/epidemiology Coronary Disease/*epidemiology/urine Female HIV Infections/*epidemiology Humans Hydrocortisone/*urine Longitudinal Studies Middle Aged Norepinephrine/*urine *Physical Abuse Prospective Studies Risk Assessment Risk Factors *Sex Offenses *Abuse *hiv *cortisol *norepinephrine *women
Dale SK, Weber KM, Cohen MH, Brody LR (2017). Abuse, nocturnal stress hormones, and coronary heart disease risk among women with HIV. AIDS Care, 29(5), 598-602. PMC5699459
Journal Article
Behaviorally and perinatally HIV-infected young women: targets for preconception counseling
AIDS Care
2017
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27535165
This study aimed to describe demographic and psychological characteristics among HIV-infected young women, and to identify knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors associated with conception, with the goal of informing interventions or programmatic decisions regarding preconception counseling methods for young women living with HIV. Behaviorally and perinatally HIV-infected young women (n = 34) were conveniently sampled in Miami, Florida. Participants were asked to complete measures of reproductive knowledge, attitudes toward conception, and risk behaviors, as well as measures of depression and cognitive functioning. Perinatally and behaviorally HIV-infected young women were very similar in important areas of health preconception practices such as conception-related health literacy and conception-related communication with providers. Behaviorally infected women, however, were somewhat more likely to have been pregnant in the past, and had greater knowledge of healthy contraception practices
10.1080/09540121.2016.1220483
27535165
PMC5262535
Adolescent Adolescent Health Services Adult *Counseling Family Planning Services Female Florida HIV Infections/*psychology *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice Humans Infant, Newborn Pregnancy Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/*psychology *Prenatal Care Risk-Taking Young Adult *hiv *perinatal HIV *preconception counseling *reproductive healthcare *women
Echenique M, Rodriguez VJ, LaCabe RP, Privette CK, Jones DL, Potter JE, Fischl MA (2017). Behaviorally and perinatally HIV-infected young women: targets for preconception counseling. AIDS Care, 29(3), 372-377. PMC5262535
Journal Article
Someone to count on: social support as an effect modifier of viral load suppression in a prospective cohort study
AIDS Care
2017
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27456040
Though functional social support has been shown to serve as a protective factor for HIV viral load suppression in other populations, scant research has examined this relationship among men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States. We assessed characteristics of social support, effects of social support on HIV viral load, and moderation by social support of the relationship between psychosocial indicators of a synergistic epidemic (syndemic) and HIV viral load. We analyzed longitudinal data from HIV-positive MSM using antiretroviral therapy who were enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study between 2002 and 2009 (n = 712). First, we conducted reliability assessments of a one-item social support measure. Then, we conducted a series of generalized longitudinal mixed models to assess our research questions. Moderation was assessed using an interaction term. A three-level (low/medium/high) social support variable demonstrated high reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients
10.1080/09540121.2016.1211614
27456040
PMC5571899
Adult African Americans/statistics & numerical data Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use Depression/epidemiology European Continental Ancestry Group/statistics & numerical data HIV Infections/*blood/*drug therapy/psychology Hispanic Americans/statistics & numerical data Homosexuality, Male Humans Male Prospective Studies Reproducibility of Results *Social Support Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology United States/epidemiology Unsafe Sex/statistics & numerical data *Viral Load Young Adult *hiv/aids *Men who have sex with men *psychosocial health conditions
Friedman MR, Coulter RW, Silvestre AJ, Stall R, Teplin L, Shoptaw S, Surkan PJ, Plankey MW (2017). Someone to count on: social support as an effect modifier of viral load suppression in a prospective cohort study. AIDS Care, 29(4), 469-480. PMC5571899
Journal Article
Change in patterns of HIV status disclosure in the HAART era and association of HIV status disclosure with depression level among women
AIDS Care
2017
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28366011
Whether widespread use of HAART changed patterns of HIV status disclosure among women living with HIV is largely unknown. In addition, the association between time to first HIV disclosure and depression has not been fully explored among women. A retrospective cross-sectional survey was conducted among HIV-infected women from the Washington, DC site of the Women's Interagency HIV Study to collect detailed information about their HIV status disclosure behavior. A sample of 202 HIV-positive women, 102 diagnosed prior to and 100 post-HAART era participated in this study. Relationships between treatment era when diagnosed (pre-HAART or HAART era) and patterns of HIV status disclosure, and associations between HIV status disclosure and depression level were examined using generalized linear regression models with generalized estimating equation to adjust for repeated measurements from the same individuals. Our analyses showed that treatment era was not associated with either comfort level of
10.1080/09540121.2017.1307916
28366011
PMC5509486
Adult *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Cross-Sectional Studies Depression/*psychology Female HIV Infections/diagnosis/drug therapy/psychology *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice Humans Male Middle Aged Prejudice Retrospective Studies Self Disclosure *Social Support Stress, Psychological *Truth Disclosure Washington *haart *hiv *depression *disclosure *social network
Liu C, Goparaju L, Barnett A, Wang C, Poppen P, Young M, Zea MC (2017). Change in patterns of HIV status disclosure in the HAART era and association of HIV status disclosure with depression level among women. AIDS Care, 29(9), 1112-1118. PMC5509486
Journal Article
Attitudes towards exercise among substance using older adults living with HIV and chronic pain
AIDS Care
2017
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28486816
Chronic pain and substance use disorders occur commonly among HIV-infected persons. Recent CDC guidelines recommend non-pharmacologic approaches over opioid medications for the management of chronic pain. This is particularly relevant for persons with substance use disorders. Structured physical activity may be an effective strategy for pain reduction. We developed a combined cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) + exercise intervention to reduce pain, pain-related disability and substance use and improve physical function in older HIV-infected adults with chronic pain and substance use. We employed established CBT protocols for the intervention, and sought feedback from potential end users when developing the exercise component of the intervention. A total of 27 HIV-infected adults >/= 50 years of age participated in four focus group sessions. Transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis. Participant demographics: mean age 54 years; male 81%; Hispanic 48%, Black 33%; treated for sub
10.1080/09540121.2017.1325437
28486816
PMC5512546
Aged Attitude to Health Chronic Pain/psychology/*rehabilitation Cognitive Behavioral Therapy/*methods Exercise/*psychology *Exercise Therapy Fear Female HIV Infections/diagnosis/psychology/*rehabilitation Humans Male Middle Aged Motivation Physical Fitness Quality of Life Substance Abuse, Intravenous *Older adults *exercise *non-pharmacologic approaches *pain *substance use
Nguyen AL, Lake JE, Reid MC, Glasner S, Jenkins J, Candelario J, Soliman S, Del Pino HE, Moore AA (2017). Attitudes towards exercise among substance using older adults living with HIV and chronic pain. AIDS Care, 29(9), 1149-1152. PMC5512546
Journal Article
NIHMS877607
Association of CD4+ T cell subpopulations and psychological stress measures in women living with HIV
AIDS Care
2017
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28114801
Psychological stress is a known immunomodulator. In individuals with HIV, depression, the most common manifestation of increased psychological stress, can affect immune function with lower CD4+ T cell counts correlating with higher levels of depression. It is unknown how other forms of psychological stress can impact immune markers in people living with HIV. We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine how CD4+ T cell subpopulations correlated with different forms of psychological stress. We recruited 50 HIV-positive women as part of the Women's Interagency HIV Study. We assessed perceived stress, worry, acute anxiety, trait anxiety, and depression through self-report questionnaires and CD4+ T cell subpopulations using flow cytometry. Our sample was 96% African-American with a mean +/- SD age and body mass index of 42 +/- 8.8 years and 36.6 +/- 11.5 kg/m(2), respectively. The mean +/- SD scores on the psychological measures were as follows: Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), 16.5 +/- 6
10.1080/09540121.2017.1281880
28114801
PMC9830587
Adult Anxiety/complications/psychology Anxiety Disorders/psychology CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology Cross-Sectional Studies Depression/complications/psychology Female HIV Infections/*complications/*psychology Humans Middle Aged Mississippi Quality of Life Self Report Stress, Psychological/complications/*immunology Surveys and Questionnaires Viral Load *Stress *T cells *anxiety *depression *worry
Rehm KE, Konkle-Parker D (2017). Association of CD4+ T cell subpopulations and psychological stress measures in women living with HIV. AIDS Care, 29(9), 1107-1111. PMC9830587
Journal Article
NIHMS981740
Poor retention in early care increases risk of mortality in a Brazilian HIV-infected clinical cohort
AIDS Care
2017
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27461407
Retention in early HIV care has been associated with decreased mortality and improved viral suppression, however the consequences of poor retention in early care in Brazil remain unknown. We assessed the effect of poor retention on mortality in a Brazilian HIV-infected clinical cohort. The analysis included ART-naive, HIV-infected adults linked to care at the Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz between 2000 and 2010, who did not become pregnant nor participate in a clinical trial during the first two years in care (early care). Poor retention in early care was defined as less than 3 out of 4 six-month intervals with a CD4 or HIV-1 RNA laboratory result during early care. Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify factors associated with mortality, and Kaplan-Meier plots were used to describe the survival probability for participants with poor retention versus good retention. Among 1054 participants with a median (interquartile range) foll
10.1080/09540121.2016.1211610
27461407
PMC5138101
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/blood/*drug therapy/*mortality/virology Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use Brazil/epidemiology CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Educational Status Female Follow-Up Studies HIV-1/*isolation & purification Humans Kaplan-Meier Estimate Male Middle Aged Patient Acceptance of Health Care/*statistics & numerical data Proportional Hazards Models RNA, Viral/*blood Time Factors *hiv *Retention *cohort studies *survival analysis *urban population
Teixeira da Silva DS, Luz PM, Lake JE, Cardoso SW, Ribeiro S, Moreira RI, Clark JL, Veloso VG, Grinsztejn B, De Boni RB (2017). Poor retention in early care increases risk of mortality in a Brazilian HIV-infected clinical cohort. AIDS Care, 29(2), 263-267. PMC5138101
Journal Article
NIHMS811133
Underutilization of Statins When Indicated in HIV-Seropositive and Seronegative Women
AIDS Patient Care STDS
2017
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29087746
Increased life expectancy of persons living with HIV infection receiving antiretroviral therapy heightens the importance of preventing and treating chronic comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease. While guidelines have increasingly advocated more aggressive use of statins for low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol reduction, it is unclear whether people with HIV, especially women, are receiving statins when indicated, and whether their HIV disease is a factor in access. We assessed the cumulative incidence of statin use after an indication in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), from 2000 to 2014. Additionally, we used weighted proportional hazards regression to estimate the effect of HIV serostatus on the time to initiation of a statin after an indication. Cumulative incidence of statin use 5 years after an indication was low: 38% in HIV-seropositive women and 30% in HIV-seronegative women. Compared to HIV-seronegative women, the weighted hazard ratio for initiation of a
10.1089/apc.2017.0145
29087746
PMC5665094
Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Cardiovascular Diseases/*drug therapy/epidemiology Comorbidity Female *HIV Seronegativity HIV Seropositivity/drug therapy/*epidemiology *Health Services Accessibility Humans Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/*therapeutic use Incidence Middle Aged Practice Guidelines as Topic Proportional Hazards Models United States/epidemiology cardiovascular disease human immunodeficiency virus hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors lipids statins women's health
Todd JV, Cole SR, Wohl DA, Simpson RJ Jr, Jonsson Funk M, Brookhart MA, Cocohoba J, Merenstein D, Sharma A, Lazar J, Milam J, Cohen M, Gange S, Lewis TT, Burkholder G, Adimora AA (2017). Underutilization of Statins When Indicated in HIV-Seropositive and Seronegative Women. AIDS Patient Care STDS, 31(11), 447-454. PMC5665094
Journal Article
High Levels of Inflammatory Cytokines in the Reproductive Tract of Women with BV and Engaging in Intravaginal Douching: A Cross-Sectional Study of Participants in the Women Interagency HIV Study
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2017
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27897054
High levels of inflammatory cytokines in the genital tract suggest mucosal vulnerability and increased risk of HIV and sexually transmitted infection (STI) acquisition. Intravaginal douching is associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV) in women in the United States, and both douching and BV are linked to HIV and STI acquisition. This study evaluates inflammatory cytokines in the genital tract to increase understanding of the effects of both BV and intravaginal douching to the vaginal mucosa. A cross-sectional study of participants in the Miami WIHS investigated 72 reproductive age women (45 HIV(+) and 27 high-risk HIV(-)) who completed intravaginal douching questionnaires and underwent collection of vaginal swabs and cervicovaginal lavages (CVLs). BV was assessed using the Nugent score. Inflammatory cytokines in the CVLs (interleukin [IL]-6, IL-8, IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1 [sICAM-1], interferon [IFN]alpha2, chemokine C ligand 5 (CCL5), vascular endot
10.1089/AID.2016.0187
27897054
PMC5372759
Adolescent Adult Cross-Sectional Studies Cytokines/*analysis Female HIV Infections/epidemiology Humans Middle Aged Mucous Membrane/*pathology Surveys and Questionnaires United States Vagina/*pathology Vaginal Douching/*adverse effects Vaginosis, Bacterial/complications/*pathology Young Adult *bacterial vaginosis *genital cytokines *vaginal douches *women and HIV
Alcaide ML, Rodriguez VJ, Brown MR, Pallikkuth S, Arheart K, Martinez O, Roach M, Fichorova RN, Jones DL, Pahwa S, Fischl MA (2017). High Levels of Inflammatory Cytokines in the Reproductive Tract of Women with BV and Engaging in Intravaginal Douching: A Cross-Sectional Study of Participants in the Women Interagency HIV Study. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 33(4), 309-317. PMC5372759
Journal Article
Insulin-Like Growth Factor Is Associated with Changes in Body Composition with Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2017
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28403619
Growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 axis abnormalities have been associated with body composition changes among HIV-infected persons with wasting or lipodystrophy. Little is known of GH/IGF-1 axis alterations with antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation or differing ART therapies. The AIDS Clinical Trials Group Prospective Evaluation of Antiretrovirals in Resource-Limited Settings (PEARLS) study was a prospective, randomized clinical trial of ART initiation with emtricitabine/tenofovir + efavirenz (FTC/TDF+EFV) versus lamivudine/zidovudine + efavirenz (3TC/ZDV+EFV) in HIV-1-infected individuals from resource-diverse settings. IGF-1 was measured from baseline, week 48, and week 96 stored serum samples. Multivariate models were constructed. 415 participants were included: 170 (41%) were randomized to FTC/TDF+EFV and 245 (59%) to 3TC/ZDV+EFV. The mean age was 35 years, 60% were black, 42% women. The mean IGF-1 level did not change significantly from baseline to week 96
10.1089/AID.2016.0327
28403619
PMC5576217
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/methods Benzoxazines/therapeutic use Body Composition/*physiology Drug Combinations Emtricitabine/therapeutic use Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*metabolism HIV-1/drug effects Humans Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/*metabolism Lamivudine/therapeutic use Male Prospective Studies Tenofovir/therapeutic use Zidovudine/therapeutic use Hiv antiretroviral therapy highly active insulin-like growth factor-1 lipodystrophy obesity
Erlandson KM, Fiorillo SP, Cardoso SW, Riviere C, Sanchez J, Hakim J, Kumarasamy N, Badal-Faesen S, Lalloo U, Kumwenda J, Campbell TB, Brown TT (2017). Insulin-Like Growth Factor Is Associated with Changes in Body Composition with Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 33(9), 929-934. PMC5576217
Journal Article
Regulatory T Cell Effect on CD8(+) T Cell Responses to Human Herpesvirus 8 Infection and Development of Kaposi's Sarcoma
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2017
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28121161
We assessed CD8(+) T cell reactivity to human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8; Kaposi's sarcoma [KS]-associated herpesvirus) and the role of CD4(+)CD25(hi)FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells (Treg) in HHV-8- and HIV-coinfected participants of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study who did or did not develop KS. There were similarly low CD8(+) T cell interferon-gamma responses to MHC class I-restricted epitopes of HHV-8 lytic and latent proteins over 5.7 years before KS in participants who developed KS compared to those who did not. T cell reactivity to HHV-8 antigens was low relative to responses to a combination of cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus and influenza A virus (CEF) peptide epitopes, and dominant HIV peptide epitopes. There was no change in %Treg in the HHV-8- and HIV-coinfected participants who did not develop KS, whereas there was a significant increase in %Treg in HHV-8- and HIV-coinfected participants who developed KS beginning 1.8 years before development of KS. Removal of Treg enhanced HHV-
10.1089/AID.2016.0155
28121161
PMC5512339
Adult Antigens, Viral/immunology CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology Herpesviridae Infections/*complications/*virology Herpesvirus 8, Human/*immunology Humans Interferon-gamma/metabolism Male Middle Aged Prospective Studies Sarcoma, Kaposi/*pathology/*virology T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/*immunology Young Adult *HIV/AIDS pathogenesis *T cell immunity *T cells *immune response
Lepone LM, Rappocciolo G, Piazza PA, Campbell DM, Jenkins FJ, Rinaldo CR (2017). Regulatory T Cell Effect on CD8(+) T Cell Responses to Human Herpesvirus 8 Infection and Development of Kaposi's Sarcoma. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 33(7), 668-674. PMC5512339
Journal Article
Correlates of Bacterial Vaginosis Over Long-Term Follow-Up: Impact of HIV Infection
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2017
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27841674
Correlates of bacterial vaginosis (BV) are poorly understood, especially in HIV infection. In a cohort study, HIV-seropositive and comparison seronegative women were assessed every 6 months during 1994-2015. BV was considered present when three of four Amsel criteria were met. Behavioral characteristics were assessed using structured interviews. Multivariable logistic regression used generalized estimating equation models to determine factors associated with BV. Cumulative incidence of BV over time was assessed using the log-rank test. Among 3,730 women (964 HIV seronegative and 2,766 HIV seropositive) contributing 70,970 visits, BV was diagnosed at 2,586 (14.0%) visits by HIV-seronegative women and 6,224 (11.9%) visits by HIV-seropositive women (p < .0001). The cumulative incidence of BV was 530/964 (55.0%) in HIV-seronegative women and 1,287/2,766 (46.5%) in seropositive women (p < .0001). In adjusted analyses, factors associated with BV were younger age, ethnicity, lower income, les
10.1089/AID.2016.0213
27841674
PMC5439437
Adult Aged Female HIV Infections/*complications Humans Incidence Longitudinal Studies Middle Aged Risk Assessment Surveys and Questionnaires Vaginosis, Bacterial/*epidemiology Young Adult *Amsel criteria *HIV in women *bacterial vaginosis
Massad LS, Evans CT, Kang R, Hotton A, Greenblatt R, Minkoff H, Murphy K, Colie C, Weber KM. (2017). Correlates of Bacterial Vaginosis Over Long-Term Follow-Up: Impact of HIV Infection. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 33(5), 432-439. PMC5439437
Journal Article
Vitamin D Status and Kidney Function Decline in HIV-Infected Men: A Longitudinal Study in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2017
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28756682
Vitamin D may play an important role in a range of disease processes. In the general population, lower vitamin D levels have been associated with kidney dysfunction. HIV-infected populations have a higher risk of chronic kidney disease. Few studies have examined the link between lower vitamin D levels and kidney function decline among HIV-infected persons. We investigated the associations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] with kidney function decline in a cohort of HIV-infected white and black men under highly active antiretroviral therapy treatment in the vitamin D ancillary study of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. The associations of 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D with annual change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were evaluated using linear mixed effects models. This study included 187 whites and 86 blacks with vitamin D measures and eGFR >/=60 ml/min/1.73 m(2) at baseline. Over a median follow-up of 8.0 years, lower 25(OH)D le
10.1089/AID.2017.0009
28756682
PMC5665498
AIDS-Associated Nephropathy/*epidemiology Adult African Continental Ancestry Group European Continental Ancestry Group HIV Infections/*complications Humans Kidney Function Tests Longitudinal Studies Male Middle Aged United States/epidemiology Vitamin D Deficiency/*epidemiology 1,25(oh)2d 25(oh)d glomerular filtration rate kidney function decline vitamin D
Tin A, Zhang L, Estrella MM, Hoofnagle A, Rebholz CM, Brown TT, Palella FJ Jr, Witt MD, Jacobson LP, Kingsley LA, Abraham AG (2017). Vitamin D Status and Kidney Function Decline in HIV-Infected Men: A Longitudinal Study in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 33(11), 1140-1148. PMC5665498
Journal Article
Vitamin D Deficiency and Metabolism in HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2017
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27700140
We evaluated associations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25[OH]2D) levels in a cohort of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected men at risk for infection in the United States. Stored samples collected between 1999 and 2008 were tested for vitamin D metabolites between 2014 and 2015. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as a serum concentration of 25[OH]D <20 ng/ml. Multivariate models were used to assess associations of various demographic and clinical factors with vitamin D status. HIV-infected men on effective antiretroviral therapy (n = 640) and HIV-uninfected men (n = 99) had comparable levels of 25[OH]D and 1,25[OH]2D, and prevalences of vitamin D deficiency were 41% in HIV-infected and 44% in HIV-uninfected men, respectively. Self-reported black or other non-white race, obesity, and normal kidney function were significant predictors of vitamin D deficiency regardless of HIV serostatus. Lower CD4(+) T cell count was associated with vitamin D deficiency
10.1089/AID.2016.0144
27700140
PMC5333563
Aged Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use Dihydroxycholecalciferols/blood/metabolism HIV Infections/*complications/drug therapy Humans Male Middle Aged Prevalence Prospective Studies Risk Factors United States Vitamin D/analogs & derivatives/blood/metabolism Vitamin D Deficiency/*complications/*epidemiology *1,25[oh]2d *25[oh]d *HIV-infected *HIV-uninfected *vitamin D *vitamin D deficiency
Zhang L, Tin A, Brown TT, Margolick JB, Witt MD, Palella FJ Jr, Kingsley LA, Hoofnagle AN, Jacobson LP, Abraham AG (2017). Vitamin D Deficiency and Metabolism in HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 33(3), 261-270. PMC5333563
Journal Article
Association between alcohol consumption trajectories and clinical profiles among women and men living with HIV
Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse
2017
6/16/2017
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28621562
BACKGROUND: Alcohol use is common among persons living with HIV (PLWH). It is unclear how alcohol consumption changes over time and if these changes are associated with clinical profiles. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to describe the association between longitudinal patterns of alcohol consumption and the clinical profiles of PLWH. METHODS: Data from the Women's Interagency HIV Study (n = 1123 women) and Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (n = 597 men) from 2004 to 2013 were utilized. Group-based trajectory models were used to assess alcohol consumption patterns across 10 years. Generalized estimating equations were used to identify associations between clinical factors and alcohol consumption. All analyses were stratified by sex. RESULTS: Four trajectories of alcohol use were identified in women and men (women: abstinent 38%, low: 25%, moderate: 30%, heavy: 7%; men: abstinent 16%, low: 69%, moderate: 9%, heavy: 5%). The Framingham Risk Score (women: adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.07, 95% confidence int
10.1080/00952990.2017.1335317 [doi]
28621562
PMC5732900
AIDS cohort Cohort Studies cohort study HIV methods multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Risk sex study
Kelso-Chichetto NE, Plankey M, Abraham AG, Ennis N, Chen X, Bolan R, Cook RL (2017). Association between alcohol consumption trajectories and clinical profiles among women and men living with HIV. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse, (), 10-Jan. PMC5732900
Journal Article
Prevalence and correlates of marijuana use among HIV-seropositive and seronegative men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), 1984-2013
Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse
2017
Sep-17
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27808576
BACKGROUND: Marijuana use is common among HIV+ individuals, but few studies have examined long-term trends in prevalence and correlates of use. METHODS: We evaluated trends (1984-2013) in the annual prevalence of current (past 6-month use) and daily (among current users) marijuana use and determined correlates of use among 2742 HIV-seropositive (HIV+) and 3172 HIV-seronegative (HIV-) men who have sex with men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Poisson regression models were used to estimate prevalence ratios of marijuana use separately for the men who were enrolled before 2001 (early-cohort) and after 2001 (late-cohort). RESULTS: Over the 29 years of the study, the prevalence of current marijuana use declined significantly, whereas daily use among users increased among all men in the early and late-cohorts. A HIV+ status was associated with higher prevalence of marijuana use among the men in the early-cohort (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 1.53, 95% confidence interval [CI
10.1080/00952990.2016.1245738
27808576
PMC5415427
adverse effects AIDS alcohol alcohol use antiretroviral therapy Baltimore behavioral CD4+ Chicago cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Disease effects epidemiology health Hiv infectious diseases Los Angeles MACS methods model multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study neurology Pittsburgh Prevalence psychiatry psychology Public Health seronegative sex Smoking study therapies therapy Time trends Viral Load
Okafor CN, Cook RL, Chen X, Surkan PJ, Becker JT, Shoptaw S, Martin E, Plankey MW (2017). Prevalence and correlates of marijuana use among HIV-seropositive and seronegative men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), 1984-2013. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse, 43(5), 556-566. PMC5415427
Journal Article
Effects of Antiretroviral Therapy and Depressive Symptoms on All-Cause Mortality Among HIV-Infected Women
Am J Epidemiol
2017
15-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28430844
Depression affects up to 30% of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. We estimated joint effects of antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation and depressive symptoms on time to death using a joint marginal structural model and data from a cohort of HIV-infected women from the Women's Interagency HIV Study (conducted in the United States) from 1998-2011. Among 848 women contributing 6,721 years of follow-up, 194 participants died during follow-up, resulting in a crude mortality rate of 2.9 per 100 women-years. Cumulative mortality curves indicated greatest mortality for women who reported depressive symptoms and had not initiated ART. The hazard ratio for depressive symptoms was 3.38 (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.15, 5.33) and for ART was 0.47 (95% CI: 0.31, 0.70). Using a reference category of women without depressive symptoms who had initiated ART, the hazard ratio for women with depressive symptoms who had initiated ART was 3.60 (95% CI: 2.02, 6.43). For women wit
10.1093/aje/kww192
28430844
PMC5430940
Adult Age Factors Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*therapeutic use CD4 Lymphocyte Count Continental Population Groups Depression/*epidemiology Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*epidemiology/mortality Humans Middle Aged Proportional Hazards Models Risk Factors Time Factors United States Viral Load *hiv *antiretroviral therapy *cohort studies *depression *marginal structural models *mortality *proportional hazards models *women
Todd JV, Cole SR, Pence BW, Lesko CR, Bacchetti P, Cohen MH, Feaster DJ, Gange S, Griswold ME, Mack W, Rubtsova A, Wang C, Weedon J, Anastos K, Adimora AA (2017). Effects of Antiretroviral Therapy and Depressive Symptoms on All-Cause Mortality Among HIV-Infected Women. Am J Epidemiol, 185(10), 869-878. PMC5430940
Journal Article
Health Insurance Type and Control of Hypertension Among US Women Living With and Without HIV Infection in the Women's Interagency HIV Study
Am J Hypertens
2017
1-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28407044
BACKGROUND: Health care access is an important determinant of health. We assessed the effect of health insurance status and type on blood pressure control among US women living with (WLWH) and without HIV. METHODS: We used longitudinal cohort data from the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). WIHS participants were included at their first study visit since 2001 with incident uncontrolled blood pressure (BP) (i.e., BP >/=140/90 and at which BP at the prior visit was controlled (i.e., <135/85). We assessed time to regained BP control using inverse Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazard models. Confounding and selection bias were accounted for using inverse probability-of-exposure-and-censoring weights. RESULTS: Most of the 1,130 WLWH and 422 HIV-uninfected WIHS participants who had an elevated systolic or diastolic measurement were insured via Medicaid, were African-American, and had a yearly income </=$12,000. Among participants living with HIV, comparing the uninsured to thos
10.1093/ajh/hpx015
28407044
PMC5861569
Adult Antihypertensive Agents/*therapeutic use Blood Pressure/*drug effects Female HIV Infections/diagnosis/epidemiology/*therapy Health Services Accessibility Humans Hypertension/diagnosis/*drug therapy/epidemiology/physiopathology *Insurance Coverage *Insurance, Health Kaplan-Meier Estimate Longitudinal Studies Medicaid Medically Uninsured Middle Aged Private Sector Proportional Hazards Models Risk Factors Time Factors Treatment Outcome United States/epidemiology Women's Health Hiv blood pressure health insurance hypertension women.
Ludema C, Cole SR, Eron JJ Jr, Holmes GM, Anastos K, Cocohoba J, Cohen MH, Cooper HLF, Golub ET, Kassaye S, Konkle-Parker D, Metsch L, Milam J, Wilson TE, Adimora AA (2017). Health Insurance Type and Control of Hypertension Among US Women Living With and Without HIV Infection in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Am J Hypertens, 30(6), 594-601. PMC5861569
Journal Article
Trends of and factors associated with live-birth and abortion rates among HIV-positive and HIV-negative women
Am J Obstet Gynecol
2017
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27640942
BACKGROUND: Little is known about fertility choices and pregnancy outcome rates among HIV-infected women in the current combination antiretroviral treatment era. OBJECTIVE: We sought to describe trends and factors associated with live-birth and abortion rates among HIV-positive and high-risk HIV-negative women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study in the United States. STUDY DESIGN: We analyzed longitudinal data collected from Oct. 1, 1994, through Sept. 30, 2012, through the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Age-adjusted rates per 100 person-years live births and induced abortions were calculated by HIV serostatus over 4 time periods. Poisson mixed effects models containing variables associated with live births and abortions in bivariable analyses (P < .05) generated adjusted incidence rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: There were 1356 pregnancies among 2414 women. Among HIV-positive women, age-adjusted rates of live birth increased from 1994 through 1997 to 2006
10.1016/j.ajog.2016.09.079
27640942
PMC5182149
Abortion, Induced/*statistics & numerical data Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Birth Rate Case-Control Studies Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/drug therapy/*epidemiology Humans Live Birth/*epidemiology Longitudinal Studies Pregnancy Prospective Studies Risk Young Adult *hiv *abortion *antiretroviral therapy *live birth *pregnancy
Haddad LB, Wall KM, Mehta CC, Golub ET, Rahangdale L, Kempf MC, Karim R, Wright R, Minkoff H, Cohen M, Kassaye S, Cohan D, Ofotokun I, Cohn SE (2017). Trends of and factors associated with live-birth and abortion rates among HIV-positive and HIV-negative women. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 216(1), 71 e1-71 e16. PMC5182149
Journal Article
Use of antimullerian hormone to predict the menopausal transition in HIV-infected women
Am J Obstet Gynecol
2017
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27473002
BACKGROUND: HIV infection has been associated with early menopausal onset, which may have adverse long-term health consequences. Antimullerian hormone, a biomarker of ovarian reserve and gonadal aging, is reduced in HIV-infected women. OBJECTIVE: We sought to assess the relationship of antimullerian hormone to age of menopause onset in HIV-infected women. STUDY DESIGN: We used antimullerian hormone levels measured in plasma in 2461 HIV-infected participants from the Women's Interagency HIV Study to model the age at final menstrual period. Multivariable normal mixture models for censored data were used to identify factors associated with age at final menstrual period. RESULTS: Higher antimullerian hormone at age 40 years was associated with later age at final menstrual period, even after multivariable adjustment for smoking, CD4 cell count, plasma HIV RNA, hepatitis C infection, and history of clinical AIDS. Each doubling of antimullerian hormone was associated with a 1.5-year increase
10.1016/j.ajog.2016.07.048
27473002
PMC5182170
Adult Anti-Mullerian Hormone/*blood CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Comorbidity Female HIV Infections/*blood/epidemiology Hepatitis C/blood/epidemiology Humans Longitudinal Studies Menopause/blood Menopause, Premature/*blood Middle Aged RNA, Viral/blood Risk Assessment Smoking/epidemiology Viral Load *aids *hiv *antimullerian hormone *hepatitis C virus infection *menopause *ovarian reserve *viremia
Scherzer R, Greenblatt RM, Merhi ZO, Kassaye S, Lambert-Messerlian G, Maki PM, Murphy K, Karim R, Bacchetti P (2017). Use of antimullerian hormone to predict the menopausal transition in HIV-infected women. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 216(1), 46 e1-46 e11. PMC5182170
Journal Article
Framing Mechanisms Linking HIV-Related Stigma, Adherence to Treatment, and Health Outcomes
Am J Public Health
2017
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28426316
We present a conceptual framework that highlights how unique dimensions of individual-level HIV-related stigma (perceived community stigma, experienced stigma, internalized stigma, and anticipated stigma) might differently affect the health of those living with HIV. HIV-related stigma is recognized as a barrier to both HIV prevention and engagement in HIV care, but little is known about the mechanisms through which stigma leads to worse health behaviors or outcomes. Our conceptual framework posits that, in the context of intersectional and structural stigmas, individual-level dimensions of HIV-related stigma operate through interpersonal factors, mental health, psychological resources, and biological stress pathways. A conceptual framework that encompasses recent advances in stigma science can inform future research and interventions aiming to address stigma as a driver of HIV-related health.
10.2105/AJPH.2017.303744
28426316
PMC5425866
*Adaptation, Psychological Attitude to Health HIV Infections/drug therapy/*prevention & control Humans Medication Adherence/*psychology Outcome Assessment, Health Care Prejudice *Social Stigma
Turan B, Hatcher AM, Weiser SD, Johnson MO, Rice WS, Turan JM (2017). Framing Mechanisms Linking HIV-Related Stigma, Adherence to Treatment, and Health Outcomes. Am J Public Health, 107(6), 863-869. PMC5425866
Journal Article
Risk of End-Stage Renal Disease in HIV-Positive Potential Live Kidney Donors
Am J Transplant
2017
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28497525
New federal regulations allow HIV-positive individuals to be live kidney donors; however, potential candidacy for donation is poorly understood given the increased risk of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) associated with HIV infection. To better understand this risk, we compared the incidence of ESRD among 41 968 HIV-positive participants of North America AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design followed for a median of 5 years with the incidence of ESRD among comparable HIV-negative participants of National Health and Nutrition Examination III followed for a median of 14 years. We used risk associations from multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression to derive cumulative incidence estimates for selected HIV-positive scenarios (no history of diabetes, hypertension, AIDS, or hepatitis C virus coinfection) and compared these estimates with those from similarly selected HIV-negative scenarios. For 40-year-old HIV-positive individuals with health characteristics that were simi
10.1111/ajt.14235
28497525
PMC5489376
Adult Case-Control Studies Female Follow-Up Studies Glomerular Filtration Rate Graft Rejection/*epidemiology/etiology Graft Survival HIV Infections/*complications/virology HIV Seropositivity HIV-1/physiology Humans Incidence Kidney Failure, Chronic/*epidemiology/etiology Kidney Function Tests Kidney Transplantation/*adverse effects *Living Donors Male Middle Aged Nephrectomy North America/epidemiology Prognosis Risk Factors Viral Load clinical research/practice donors and donation: living infection and infectious agents infectious disease kidney transplantation/nephrology viral: human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Muzaale AD, Althoff KN, Sperati CJ, Abraham AG, Kucirka LM, Massie AB, Kitahata MM, Horberg MA, Justice AC, Fischer MJ, Silverberg MJ, Butt AA, Boswell SL, Rachlis AR, Mayor AM, Gill MJ, Eron JJ, Napravnik S, Drozd DR, Martin JN, Bosch RJ, Durand CM, Locke JE, Moore RD, Lucas GM, Segev DL (2017). Risk of End-Stage Renal Disease in HIV-Positive Potential Live Kidney Donors. Am J Transplant, 17(7), 1823-1832. PMC5489376
Journal Article
NIHMS855004
Urinary Markers of Fibrosis and Risk of Cardiovascular Events and Death in Kidney Transplant Recipients: The FAVORIT Trial
Am J Transplant
2017
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28371433
Cardiovascular risk remains high in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) despite improved kidney function after transplant. Urinary markers of kidney fibrosis and injury may help to reveal mechanisms of this risk. In a case-cohort study among stable KTRs who participated in the FAVORIT trial, we measured four urinary proteins known to correlate with kidney tubulointerstitial fibrosis on biopsy (urine alpha 1 microglobulin [alpha1m], monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 [MCP-1], procollagen type I [PINP] and type III [PIIINP] N-terminal amino peptide) and evaluated associations with cardiovascular disease (CVD) events (n = 300) and death (n = 371). In adjusted models, higher urine alpha1m (hazard ratio [HR] per doubling of biomarker 1.40 [95% confidence interval [CI] 1.21, 1.62]), MCP-1 (HR 1.18 [1.03, 1.36]), and PINP (HR 1.13 [95% CI 1.03, 1.23]) were associated with CVD events. These three markers were also associated with death (HR per doubling alpha1m 1.51 [95% CI 1.32, 1.72]; MCP-1 1
10.1111/ajt.14284
28371433
PMC5620109
Aged Biomarkers/*urine Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology/prevention & control/*urine Case-Control Studies Female Fibrosis Folic Acid/administration & dosage Humans *Kidney Transplantation/mortality Male Middle Aged Nephritis, Interstitial/*urine Risk Factors biomarker cardiovascular disease clinical research/practice kidney disease kidney transplantation/nephrology
Park M, Katz R, Shlipak MG, Weiner D, Tracy R, Jotwani V, Hughes-Austin J, Gabbai F, Hsu CY, Pfeffer M, Bansal N, Bostom A, Gutierrez O, Sarnak M, Levey A, Ix JH (2017). Urinary Markers of Fibrosis and Risk of Cardiovascular Events and Death in Kidney Transplant Recipients: The FAVORIT Trial. Am J Transplant, 17(10), 2640-2649. PMC5620109
Journal Article
NIHMS863873
Associations between neighborhood characteristics and sexual risk behaviors among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women in the southern United States
Ann Epidemiol
2017
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28476327
PURPOSE: Neighborhood characteristics shape sexual risk in HIV-uninfected adults in the United States (US). We assess relationships between census tract characteristics and sexual risk behaviors in a predominantly HIV-infected cohort of women living in the Southern US. METHODS: This cross-sectional multilevel analysis included data from 737 HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Administrative data captured characteristics of census tracts where women lived; participant-level data were gathered via survey. We used principal components analysis to condense tract-level variables into components: social disorder (e.g., violent crime rate), and social disadvantage (e.g., alcohol outlet density). We used hierarchical generalized linear models to assess relationships between tract-level characteristics and condomless vaginal intercourse, anal intercourse, and condomless anal intercourse. RESULTS: Greater social disorder was associated with less a
10.1016/j.annepidem.2017.03.004
28476327
PMC5502822
Adult Crime/statistics & numerical data Cross-Sectional Studies Female HIV Infections/epidemiology/*psychology HIV Seronegativity Humans *Residence Characteristics/statistics & numerical data Southeastern United States/epidemiology Unsafe Sex/*statistics & numerical data *hiv *Multilevel analysis *Residence characteristics *Sexual behavior *Women
Haley DF, Haardörfer R, Kramer MR, Adimora AA, Wingood GM, Goswami ND, Rubtsova A, Ludema C, Hickson DA, Ramirez C, Ross Z, Bolivar H, Cooper HLF (2017). Associations between neighborhood characteristics and sexual risk behaviors among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women in the southern United States. Ann Epidemiol, 27(4), 252-259 e1. PMC5502822
Journal Article
Mortality under plausible interventions on antiretroviral treatment and depression in HIV-infected women: an application of the parametric g-formula
Ann Epidemiol
2017
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28939001
PURPOSE: Among HIV-infected persons, antiretroviral therapy (ART) and depression are strongly associated with mortality. We estimated reductions in 5-year mortality in Women's Interagency HIV Study participants under plausible hypothetical increases in ART initiation and reductions in depression (CES-D score>/=16). METHODS: We followed 885 ART-naive Women's Interagency HIV Study participants for 5 years from their first study visit after April 1998 to death or censoring. We used the parametric extended g-formula to estimate cumulative mortality under the natural course (NC) and alternative exposure distributions. RESULTS: Baseline prevalence of depression was 52% and 62% initiated ART by 5 years. Compared with mortality under NC (13.2%), immediate ART and elimination of 36% or 67% of depressive episodes were associated with risk differences (RDs) of -5.2% (95% CI: -7.7%, -2.6%) and -5.7 (95% CI: -8.7, -2.7). Compared with immediate ART and NC for depression, additionally eliminating 67
10.1016/j.annepidem.2017.08.021
28939001
PMC5714697
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*therapeutic use *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Depression/*epidemiology Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*mortality Humans Middle Aged Prevalence Risk Factors Survival Analysis United States *Antiretroviral therapy *Cohort studies *Depression *hiv *Mortality *Survival analysis
Lesko CR, Todd JV, Cole SR, Edmonds A, Pence BW, Edwards JK, Mack WJ, Bacchetti P, Rubtsova A, Gange SJ, Adimora AA (2017). Mortality under plausible interventions on antiretroviral treatment and depression in HIV-infected women: an application of the parametric g-formula. Ann Epidemiol, 27(12), 783-789 e2. PMC5714697
Journal Article
Understanding personal risk of oropharyngeal cancer: risk-groups for oncogenic oral HPV infection and oropharyngeal cancer
Ann Oncol
2017
1-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29059337
Background: Incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related oropharyngeal cancer is increasing. There is interest in identifying healthy individuals most at risk for development of oropharyngeal cancer to inform screening strategies. Patients and methods: All data are from 2009 to 2014, including 13 089 people ages 20-69 in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), oropharyngeal cancer cases from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER 18) registries (representing approximately 28% of the US population), and oropharyngeal cancer mortality from National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). Primary study outcomes are (i) prevalence of oncogenic HPV DNA in an oral rinse and gargle sample, and (ii) incident oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer. Results: Oncogenic oral HPV DNA is detected in 3.5% of all adults age 20-69 years; however, the lifetime risk of oropharyngeal cancer is low (37 per 10 000). Among men 50-59 years old, 8.1% have an oncogenic oral HPV
10.1093/annonc/mdx535
29059337
PMC5834136
Adult Aged Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/*epidemiology/pathology DNA, Viral/genetics Female Head and Neck Neoplasms/*epidemiology/pathology Human papillomavirus 16/genetics/isolation & purification Humans Male Middle Aged Mouth Diseases/*epidemiology/virology Oropharyngeal Neoplasms/*epidemiology/virology Papillomavirus Infections/*epidemiology/pathology Prevalence Risk SEER Program Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck United States/epidemiology Young Adult oral HPV oropharyngeal cancer risk groups risk triage screening
D'Souza G, McNeel TS, Fakhry C (2017). Understanding personal risk of oropharyngeal cancer: risk-groups for oncogenic oral HPV infection and oropharyngeal cancer. Ann Oncol, 28(12), 3065-3069. PMC5834136
Journal Article
Changes in abdominal fat following antiretroviral therapy initiation in HIV-infected individuals correlate with waist circumference and self-reported changes
Antivir Ther
2017
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28248190
BACKGROUND: We examined whether waist circumference (WC) and self-reported abdominal size changes can estimate visceral adipose tissue (VAT) changes for those initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART). METHODS: Prospectively collected data from ACTG A5257 and its metabolic substudy, A5260s, were used for this analysis. ART-naive HIV-infected participants were randomized to one of three contemporary ART regimens. Changes in abdominal CT-measured VAT and total adipose tissue (TAT) and DXA-measured trunk fat were tested for association with WC changes (by Pearson correlation) and categories of self-reported abdominal size changes (by ANOVA) between entry and week 96. Linear models compared WC and self-reported changes. RESULTS: The study population (n=328) was predominantly male (90%) and White non-Hispanic (44%) with a baseline median age of 36 years and body mass index of 25 kg/m(2). At week 96, median WC change was +2.8 cm. Of those reporting at week 96, 53% indicated 'no change/lost', 3
10.3851/IMP3148
28248190
PMC5610106
Adiposity/*drug effects Adult Analysis of Variance Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/adverse effects/methods Body Mass Index Female HIV Infections/drug therapy/*epidemiology/metabolism Humans Intra-Abdominal Fat/diagnostic imaging/drug effects/*pathology Male Middle Aged Retrospective Studies Self Report Tomography, X-Ray Computed *Waist Circumference Young Adult
Bhagwat P, Ofotokun I, McComsey GA, Brown TT, Moser C, Sugar CA, Currier JS (2017). Changes in abdominal fat following antiretroviral therapy initiation in HIV-infected individuals correlate with waist circumference and self-reported changes. Antivir Ther, 22(7), 577-586. PMC5610106
Journal Article
NIHMS905445
Association of HIV infection with biomarkers of kidney injury and fibrosis in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
Antivir Ther
2017
2017
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28054933
BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is common among HIV-infected individuals but serum creatinine is insensitive for detecting kidney damage at early stages. We hypothesized that HIV infection would be associated with elevations in subclinical markers of kidney injury and fibrosis in a contemporary cohort of men. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we measured urine levels of interleukin-18 (IL-18), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), pro-collagen type III N-terminal pro-peptide (PIIINP) and albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) in 813 HIV-infected and 331 uninfected men enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. RESULTS: Median eGFR was 95 ml/min/1.73 m(2) among African-Americans (n=376) and 87 ml/min/1.73 m(2) among Caucasians (n=768). Among HIV-infected men, the median CD4 lymphocyte count was 572 cells/mm(3) and 76% of men had undetectable HIV RNA levels. After multivariable adjustment for traditional CKD risk factors including eGFR, HIV infection was associated with 52% higher
10.3851/IMP3124
28054933
PMC5498264
Adult African Americans Aged Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active *Biomarkers Cohort Studies Cross-Sectional Studies European Continental Ancestry Group Female Fibrosis HIV Infections/*complications/drug therapy/epidemiology Humans Kidney Function Tests Male Middle Aged Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/epidemiology/*etiology/*metabolism/pathology Urinalysis
Jotwani V, Scherzer R, Estrella MM, Jacobson LP, Witt MD, Palella F, Ho K, Bennett M, Parikh CR, Ix JH, Shlipak M (2017). Association of HIV infection with biomarkers of kidney injury and fibrosis in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Antivir Ther, 22(5), 421-429. PMC5498264
Journal Article
Changes in plasma levels of oxidized lipoproteins and lipoprotein subfractions with atazanavir-, raltegravir-, darunavir-based initial antiviral therapy and associations with common carotid artery intima-media thickness: ACTG 5260s
Antivir Ther
2017
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27661466
BACKGROUND: The role of oxidized lipoproteins (high-density [HDLox] and low-density [LDLox]) and total lipoprotein particle (Lp) number and size in HIV-related cardiovascular disease (CVD) is unclear. The goal of this study was to evaluate changes of these biomarkers and their associations with rate of carotid intima media thickness progression over 3 years (DeltaCIMT) in chronic HIV infection. METHODS: Prospective study of 234 HIV-infected antiretroviral treatment-naive participants without CVD who were randomized to receive tenofovir-emtricitabine plus atazanavir/ritonavir, darunavir/ritonavir or raltegravir (RAL) and achieved plasma HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/ml by week 24 and thereafter. Biomarker changes over 24, 48 or 96 weeks from baseline and pairwise treatment group comparisons were examined. Associations of these biomarkers with DeltaCIMT were analysed with mixed effects linear regression. RESULTS: HDLp number increased with both protease inhibitors (PIs) over 48 weeks, while LDLp
10.3851/IMP3093
27661466
PMC5364070
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use Atazanavir Sulfate/*therapeutic use *Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Darunavir/*therapeutic use Emtricitabine/therapeutic use Female HIV Infections/blood/*drug therapy/virology HIV-1/drug effects/genetics/growth & development Humans Linear Models Lipoproteins, HDL/*blood Lipoproteins, LDL/*blood Male Middle Aged Oxidation-Reduction Prospective Studies RNA, Viral/blood Raltegravir Potassium/*therapeutic use Ritonavir/therapeutic use Tenofovir/therapeutic use
Kelesidis T, Tran TTT, Brown TT, Moser C, Ribaudo HJ, Dube MP, Yang OO, McComsey GA, Stein JH, Currier JS (2017). Changes in plasma levels of oxidized lipoproteins and lipoprotein subfractions with atazanavir-, raltegravir-, darunavir-based initial antiviral therapy and associations with common carotid artery intima-media thickness: ACTG 5260s. Antivir Ther, 22(2), 113-126. PMC5364070
Journal Article
NIHMS820340
Stability of Bisexual Behavior and Extent of Viral Bridging Behavior Among Men Who Have Sex with Men and Women
Arch Sex Behav
2017
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27873033
Bisexual men experience significant health disparities likely related to biphobia. Biphobia presents via several preconceptions, including that bisexuality is transitory, and that bisexual men act as viral bridges between men who have sex with men and heterosexual populations. We analyzed data from a prospective cohort of gay and bisexual men, the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, to test these preconceptions. Men reporting both male and female sexual partners (MSMW) between 2002 and 2009 (n = 111) were classified as behaviorally bisexual. We assessed five hypotheses over two domains (transience of bisexual behavior and viral bridging). No evidence was found supporting the transitory nature of bisexuality. Trajectories of bisexual behavior were not transient over time. We found little evidence to support substantial viral bridging behavior. Notably, HIV-positive MSMW reported lower proportions of female partners than HIV-negative MSMW. Our results provide no empirical support for bisexual
10.1007/s10508-016-0863-7
27873033
PMC5438760
Adult Bisexuality/*statistics & numerical data Female *HIV Infections/epidemiology/prevention & control/transmission Homosexuality, Male/*statistics & numerical data Humans Male Middle Aged Prospective Studies Sexual and Gender Minorities/*statistics & numerical data Young Adult Biphobia Bisexuality Hiv/aids Sexual orientation
Friedman MR, Stall R, Plankey M, Shoptaw S, Herrick AL, Surkan PJ, Teplin L, Silvestre AJ (2017). Stability of Bisexual Behavior and Extent of Viral Bridging Behavior Among Men Who Have Sex with Men and Women. Arch Sex Behav, 46(4), 903-912. PMC5438760
Journal Article
The Pleasure Is Better as I've Gotten Older: Sexual Health, Sexuality, and Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Older Women Living With HIV
Arch Sex Behav
2017
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27220311
There is limited research examining the sexual health and well-being of older women living with HIV (OWLH). Most studies focus on sexual dysfunction, leaving aside the richer context of sexuality and sexual health, including the effect of age-related psychosocial and interpersonal changes on sexual health behaviors. Guided by the integrative biopsychosocial model and the sexual health model, this study explored the importance of sex and sexuality among OWLH to identify their sexual health and HIV prevention needs for program planning. A purposive sample (n = 50) of OWLH was selected from a parent study (n = 2052). We conducted 8 focus groups and 41 in-depth interviews with 50 African American and Latina OWLH aged 50-69 years old in three U.S. cities. The triangulation approach was used to synthesize the data. Six salient themes emerged: sexual pleasure changes due to age, sexual freedom as women age, the role of relationships in sexual pleasure, changes in sexual ability and sexual hea
10.1007/s10508-016-0751-1
27220311
PMC5122465
Aged Cohort Studies Female Focus Groups HIV Infections/*psychology Humans Middle Aged Reproductive Health *Risk-Taking Sexual Behavior/*psychology Sexual Partners/*psychology United States Women/psychology Aging Hiv Sexual Health Sexual risk behaviors Sexuality
Taylor TN, Munoz-Plaza CE, Goparaju L, Martinez O, Holman S, Minkoff HL, Karpiak SE, Gandhi M, Cohen MH, Golub ET, Levine AM, Adedimeji AA, Gonsalves R, Bryan T, Connors N, Schechter G, Wilson TE (2017). The Pleasure Is Better as I've Gotten Older: Sexual Health, Sexuality, and Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Older Women Living With HIV. Arch Sex Behav, 46(4), 1137-1150. PMC5122465
Journal Article
Lipoprotein(a) and HIV: Allele-Specific Apolipoprotein(a) Levels Predict Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in HIV-Infected Young Women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol
2017
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28336560
OBJECTIVE: In the general population, lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] has been established as an independent causal risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Lp(a) levels are to a major extent regulated by a size polymorphism in the apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)] gene. The roles of Lp(a)/apo(a) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related elevated cardiovascular disease risk remain unclear. APPROACH AND RESULTS: The associations between total plasma Lp(a) level, allele-specific apo(a) level, an Lp(a) level carried by individual apo(a) alleles, and common carotid artery intima-media thickness were assessed in 150 HIV-infected and 100 HIV-uninfected women in the WIHS (Women's Interagency HIV Study). Linear regression analyses with and without adjustments were used. The cohort was young (mean age, approximately 31 years), with the majority being Blacks ( approximately 70%). The prevalence of a small size apo(a) (</=22 Kringle repeats) or a high Lp(a) level (>/=30 mg/dL) was similar by HIV status. Total
10.1161/ATVBAHA.117.309137
28336560
PMC5408307
Adult *Alleles Apoprotein(a)/*blood/*genetics Biomarkers/blood Carotid Artery Diseases/blood/diagnostic imaging/*etiology/genetics Carotid Artery, Common/*diagnostic imaging *Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Case-Control Studies Female HIV Infections/blood/*complications/diagnosis/genetics Humans Linear Models Predictive Value of Tests Prospective Studies Risk Assessment Risk Factors United States Young Adult *antiretroviral therapy *apo(a) size, HIV treatment *apolipoprotein(a) *cardiovascular risk *carotid artery intima-media thickness *lipoprotein(a)
Enkhmaa B, Anuurad E, Zhang W, Li CS, Kaplan R, Lazar J, Merenstein D, Karim R, Aouizerat B, Cohen M, Butler K, Pahwa S, Ofotokun I, Adimora AA, Golub E, Berglund L (2017). Lipoprotein(a) and HIV: Allele-Specific Apolipoprotein(a) Levels Predict Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in HIV-Infected Young Women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 37(5), 997-1004. PMC5408307
Journal Article
NIHMS859122
ATVB Distinguished Scientist Award: How Costimulatory and Coinhibitory Pathways Shape Atherosclerosis
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol
2017
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28360089
OBJECTIVE: Immune cells play a critical role in atherosclerosis. Costimulatory and coinhibitory molecules of the tumor necrosis factor receptor and CD28 immunoglobulin superfamilies not only shape T-cell and B-cell responses but also have a major effect on antigen-presenting cells and nonimmune cells. APPROACH AND RESULTS: Pharmacological inhibition or activation of costimulatory and coinhibitory molecules and genetic deletion demonstrated their involvement in atherosclerosis. This review highlights recent advances in understanding how costimulatory and coinhibitory pathways shape the immune response in atherosclerosis. CONCLUSIONS: Insights gained from costimulatory and coinhibitory molecule function in atherosclerosis may inform future therapeutic approaches.
10.1161/ATVBAHA.117.308611
28360089
PMC5424816
Animals Antibodies/therapeutic use Arteries/drug effects/*immunology/metabolism/pathology Atherosclerosis/drug therapy/genetics/*immunology/metabolism B-Lymphocytes/drug effects/*immunology/metabolism CD28 Antigens/immunology Costimulatory and Inhibitory T-Cell Receptors/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*immunology/metabolism Humans Immunotherapy/methods Molecular Targeted Therapy Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/immunology Signal Transduction T-Lymphocytes/drug effects/*immunology/metabolism *B-lymphocytes *antigen-presenting cells *atherosclerosis *immunoglobulins *receptors, tumor necrosis factor
Ley K, Gerdes N, Winkels H (2017). ATVB Distinguished Scientist Award: How Costimulatory and Coinhibitory Pathways Shape Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 37(5), 764-777. PMC5424816
Journal Article
NIHMS862428
Frailty and subclinical coronary atherosclerosis: The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS)
Atherosclerosis
2017
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28886899
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Frailty and cardiovascular disease share many risk factors. We evaluated whether frailty is independently associated with subclinical coronary atherosclerosis and whether any relationships differ by HIV-serostatus. METHODS: We studied 976 [62% HIV-infected] male participants of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study who underwent assessment of frailty and non-contrast cardiac CT scanning; of these, 747 men also underwent coronary CT angiography (CCTA). Frailty was defined as having >/=3 of 5 of the following: weakness, slowness, weight loss, exhaustion, and low physical activity. Coronary artery calcium (CAC) was assessed by non-contrast CT, and total plaque score (TPS), mixed plaque score (MPS), and non-calcified plaque score (NCPS) by CCTA. Multivariable-adjusted regression was used to assess the cross-sectional associations between frailty and subclinical coronary atherosclerosis. RESULTS: Mean (SD) age of participants was 54 (7) years; 31% were black. Frailty existe
10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.08.026
28886899
PMC5671901
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnosis/*epidemiology Asymptomatic Diseases Computed Tomography Angiography Coronary Angiography/methods Coronary Artery Disease/diagnostic imaging/*epidemiology Cross-Sectional Studies Exercise Frailty/diagnosis/*epidemiology/physiopathology Health Status Humans Linear Models Male Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis Muscle Strength Muscle Weakness Plaque, Atherosclerotic Prevalence Prognosis Risk Factors United States/epidemiology Vascular Calcification/diagnostic imaging/*epidemiology Weight Loss Cardiac CT Coronary artery calcium Coronary atherosclerosis Frailty HIV-Infection
Korada SKC, Zhao D, Tibuakuu M, Brown TT, Jacobson LP, Guallar E, Bolan RK, Palella FJ, Margolick JB, Martinson JJ, Budoff MJ, Post WS, Michos ED (2017). Frailty and subclinical coronary atherosclerosis: The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Atherosclerosis, 266(), 240-247. PMC5671901
Journal Article
Development and validation of a risk score to assist screening for acute HIV-1 infection among men who have sex with men
BMC Infect Dis
2017
14-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28615005
BACKGROUND: Early treatment of acute HIV-1 infection (AHI) is beneficial for patients and could reduce onward transmission. However, guidelines on whom to test for AHI with HIV-1 RNA testing are lacking. METHODS: A risk score for possible AHI based on literature and expert opinion - including symptoms associated with AHI and early HIV-1 - was evaluated using data from the Amsterdam Cohort Studies among men who have sex with men (MSM). Subsequently, we optimized the risk score by constructing two multivariable logistic regression models: one including only symptoms and one combining symptoms with known risk factors for HIV-1 seroconversion, using generalized estimating equations. Several risk scores were generated from these models and the optimal risk score was validated using data from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. RESULTS: Using data from 1562 MSM with 175 HIV-1 seroconversion visits and 17,271 seronegative visits in the Amsterdam Cohort Studies, the optimal risk score included
10.1186/s12879-017-2508-4
28615005
PMC5471739
Adult Cohort Studies Gonorrhea HIV Infections/*diagnosis HIV-1/pathogenicity *Homosexuality, Male Humans Male Middle Aged Netherlands Risk Assessment/*methods Risk Factors Sexual Behavior Sexual Partners *Acute HIV-1 infection *Diagnosis *msm *Risk score *Screening tool
Dijkstra M, de Bree GJ, Stolte IG, Davidovich U, Sanders EJ, Prins M, Schim van der Loeff MF (2017). Development and validation of a risk score to assist screening for acute HIV-1 infection among men who have sex with men. BMC Infect Dis, 17(1), 425. PMC5471739
Journal Article
Predicting death over 8 years in a prospective cohort of HIV-infected women: the Women's Interagency HIV Study
BMJ Open
2017
30-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28667199
OBJECTIVES: Predicting mortality in middle-aged HIV-infected (HIV+) women on antiretroviral therapies (ART) is important for understanding the impact of HIV infection. Several health indices have been used to predict mortality in women with HIV infection. We evaluated: (1) an HIV biological index, Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS); (2) a physical index, Fried Frailty Index (FFI); and (3) a mental health index, Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D). Proportional hazards regression analyses were used to predict death and included relevant covariates. DESIGN: Prospective, observational cohort. SETTING: Multicentre, across six sites in the USA. PARTICIPANTS: 1385 multirace/ethnic ART-experienced HIV+ women in 2005. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES: All deaths, AIDS deaths and non-AIDS deaths up to ~8 years from baseline. RESULTS: Included together in one model, VACS Index was the dominant, significant independent predictor of all deaths within 3 years (HR=2.20, 95% CI 1.83, 2.
10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013993
28667199
PMC5577878
Adult *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Comorbidity Female HIV Infections/drug therapy/*mortality Humans *Life Expectancy Longitudinal Studies Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis Proportional Hazards Models Prospective Studies Risk Assessment/*standards United States/epidemiology *Ageing *Frailty *hcv *hiv
Gustafson DR, Shi Q, Holman S, Minkoff H, Cohen MH, Plankey MW, Havlik R, Sharma A, Gange S, Gandhi M, Milam J, Hoover DR (2017). Predicting death over 8 years in a prospective cohort of HIV-infected women: the Women's Interagency HIV Study. BMJ Open, 7(6), e013993. PMC5577878
Journal Article
Racial differences in prostate cancer risk in young HIV-positive and HIV-negative men: a prospective cohort study
Cancer Causes Control
2017
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28451806
PURPOSE: African American men have the highest incidence of prostate cancer among ethnic groups, and racial disparity is highest in younger men. Prostate cancer prevalence is rising in HIV-infected men due to improved survival on antiretroviral therapies, yet little is known about racial differences in prostate cancer risk by HIV-infection status and age. METHODS: This is a prospective cohort study of prostate cancer risk in 2,800 HIV-infected and -uninfected men who have sex with men (MSM) aged 40-70 years (22% African American) who were enrolled in the multicenter AIDS cohort study from 1996 to 2010. Poisson regression models were used to examine associations between race and HIV-infection status and prostate cancer risk among men aged 40-70, 40-55, and 56-70 years. RESULTS: Among men aged 40-70 years, incidence rates (IR) per 100,000 person-years were 169 among all men and 276 among African American HIV-infected men. Prostate cancer risk was similar by HIV-infection status (IRR 1.0,
10.1007/s10552-017-0896-9
28451806
PMC5557016
Adult Aged *Continental Population Groups HIV Infections/epidemiology/*ethnology Humans Incidence Male Middle Aged Prospective Studies Prostatic Neoplasms/epidemiology/*ethnology Risk Cancer epidemiology Cancer racial disparity Cancer risk Hiv-1 Prostate cancer
Dutta A, Uno H, Holman A, Lorenz DR, Gabuzda D (2017). Racial differences in prostate cancer risk in young HIV-positive and HIV-negative men: a prospective cohort study. Cancer Causes Control, 28(7), 767-777. PMC5557016
Journal Article
Ten Strategies of Interferon Evasion by Viruses
Cell Host Microbe
2017
9-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28799903
Viruses infecting vertebrate hosts must overcome the interferon (IFN)-mediated antiviral response to replicate and propagate to new hosts. The complex regulation of the IFN response allows viruses to antagonize IFN at multiple levels. However, no single strategy appears to be the golden ticket, and viruses have adopted multiple means to dampen this host defense. This Review does not exhaustively cover all mechanisms of viral IFN antagonism. Rather it examines the ten most common strategies that viruses use to subvert the IFN response with examples from publications appearing in the last 10 years of Cell Host & Microbe. The virus-host interactions involved in induction and evasion of IFN represent a fertile area of research due to the significant large number of host and viral products that regulate this response, resulting in an intricate dance between hosts and their pathogens to achieve an optimal balance between virus replication, host disease, and survival.
10.1016/j.chom.2017.07.012
28799903
PMC5576560
Animals Antiviral Agents Genome, Viral Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology Humans *Immune Evasion Interferons/*antagonists & inhibitors Phosphorylation Viral Proteins Virus Replication/drug effects Viruses/*immunology/pathogenicity
A. Garcia-Sastre (2017). Ten Strategies of Interferon Evasion by Viruses. Cell Host Microbe, 22(2), 176-184. PMC5576560
Journal Article
NIHMS897512
Prolonged, Uninterrupted Sedentary Behavior and Glycemic Biomarkers Among US Hispanic/Latino Adults: The HCHS/SOL (Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos)
Circulation
2017
10-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28835368
BACKGROUND: Excessive sedentary time is ubiquitous in developed nations and is associated with deleterious health outcomes. Few studies have examined whether the manner in which sedentary time is accrued (in short or long bouts) carries any clinical relevance. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of prolonged, uninterrupted sedentary behavior with glycemic biomarkers in a cohort of US Hispanic/Latino adults. METHODS: We studied 12 083 participants from the HCHS/SOL (Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos), a population-based study of Hispanic/Latino adults 18 to 74 years of age. Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance and glycosylated hemoglobin were measured from a fasting blood sample, and 2-hour glucose was measured after an oral glucose tolerance test. Sedentary time was objectively measured with a hip-mounted accelerometer. Prolonged, uninterrupted sedentariness was expressed as mean sedentary bout length. RESULTS: After adjustment for pote
10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.026858
28835368
PMC5634934
Adolescent Adult Aged Biomarkers/blood Blood Glucose/*metabolism Female Glycated Hemoglobin A/*metabolism *Hispanic Americans Humans *Insulin Resistance Longitudinal Studies Male Middle Aged *Models, Biological Sedentary Behavior Hispanic Americans epidemiology exercise glucose sedentary lifestyle
Diaz KM, Goldsmith J, Greenlee H, Strizich G, Qi Q, Mossavar-Rahmani Y, Vidot DC, Buelna C, Brintz CE, Elfassy T, Gallo LC, Daviglus ML, Sotres-Alvarez D, Kaplan RC (2017). Prolonged, Uninterrupted Sedentary Behavior and Glycemic Biomarkers Among US Hispanic/Latino Adults: The HCHS/SOL (Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos). Circulation, 136(15), 1362-1373. PMC5634934
Journal Article
NIHMS904415
Comparison of Kaposi sarcoma risk in human immunodeficiency virus-positive adults across 5 continents: A Multiregional Multicohort Study
Clin Infect Dis
2017
10/15/2017
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28531260
Background: We compared Kaposi sarcoma (KS) risk in adults who started antiretroviral therapy (ART) across the Asia-Pacific, South Africa, Europe, Latin, and North America. Methods: We included cohort data of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive adults who started ART after 1995 within the framework of 2 large collaborations of observational HIV cohorts. We present incidence rates and adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs). Results: We included 208140 patients from 57 countries. Over a period of 1066572 person-years, 2046 KS cases were diagnosed. KS incidence rates per 100000 person-years were 52 in the Asia-Pacific and ranged between 180 and 280 in the other regions. KS risk was 5 times higher in South African women (aHR, 4.56; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 2.73-7.62) than in their European counterparts, and 2 times higher in South African men (2.21; 1.34-3.63). In Europe, Latin, and North America KS risk was 6 times higher in men who have sex with men (aHR, 5.95; 95% CI, 5.09-6.96) th
10.1093/cid/cix480
28531260
PMC5850623
Adult Africa antiretroviral therapy ART CD4 Cell Count cohort Coinfection Confidence Intervals Europe Hiv Human human herpesvirus human immunodeficiency virus immunodeficiency Incidence KS maintenance methods North America Risk sex South Africa study therapies therapy Time virus women
AIDS-defining Cancer Project Working Group for IeDEA and COHERE in EuroCoord (2017). Comparison of Kaposi sarcoma risk in human immunodeficiency virus-positive adults across 5 continents: A Multiregional Multicohort Study. Clin Infect Dis, 65(8), 1316-1326. PMC5850623
Journal Article
Cancer-Attributable Mortality Among People With Treated Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in North America
Clin Infect Dis
2017
15-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29017269
Background: Cancer remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWHIV) on effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). Estimates of cancer-attributable mortality can inform public health efforts. Methods: We evaluated 46956 PWHIV receiving ART in North American HIV cohorts (1995-2009). Using information on incident cancers and deaths, we calculated population-attributable fractions (PAFs), estimating the proportion of deaths due to cancer. Calculations were based on proportional hazards models adjusted for age, sex, race, HIV risk group, calendar year, cohort, CD4 count, and viral load. Results: There were 1997 incident cancers and 8956 deaths during 267145 person-years of follow-up, and 11.9% of decedents had a prior cancer. An estimated 9.8% of deaths were attributable to cancer (cancer-attributable mortality rate 327 per 100000 person-years). PAFs were 2.6% for AIDS-defining cancers (ADCs, including non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 2.0% of death
10.1093/cid/cix392
29017269
PMC5849088
Adolescent Adult CD4 Lymphocyte Count Female HIV Infections/*complications/*epidemiology Humans Male Middle Aged Neoplasms/*complications/*mortality North America/epidemiology Proportional Hazards Models Retrospective Studies Viral Load Young Adult Aids Hiv aging cancer mortality
Engels EA, Yanik EL, Wheeler W, Gill MJ, Shiels MS, Dubrow R, Althoff KN, Silverberg MJ, Brooks JT, Kitahata MM, Goedert JJ, Grover S, Mayor AM, Moore RD, Park LS, Rachlis A, Sigel K, Sterling TR, Thorne JE, Pfeiffer RM (2017). Cancer-Attributable Mortality Among People With Treated Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in North America. Clin Infect Dis, 65(4), 636-643. PMC5849088
Journal Article
The Impact of Statin and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor/Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Therapy on Cognitive Function in Adults With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Clin Infect Dis
2017
29-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29020174
Background: Although statins, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) are generally well tolerated, the impact of these therapies individually or in combination on the change in neurocognitive function in persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection is unknown. Methods: The study included participants in the AIDS Clinical Trials Group Longitudinal Linked Randomized Trials cohort participants not receiving a statin or ACEI/ARB within 30 days of first neurologic assessment (baseline), with assessments by NPZ-3 (z score of averaged Trailmaking A and B tests and digit symbol test [DST]) from >/=2 measurements. Marginal structural models estimated the causal effect of statin or ACEI/ARB initiation on neurocognitive function; initial constant slope was assumed during the first year of treatment and a second constant slope thereafter. Results: Of 3949 eligible participants, 16% started therapy with a statin, 11% with an ACEI/ARB, and 5% wi
10.1093/cid/cix645
29020174
PMC5850423
Adult Aged Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists/administration & dosage/*adverse effects/therapeutic use Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/administration & dosage/*adverse effects/therapeutic use Cognition/*drug effects Cohort Studies Female HIV/drug effects HIV Infections/complications/*drug therapy/virology Humans Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/administration & dosage/*adverse effects/therapeutic use Kidney Failure, Chronic Longitudinal Studies Male Middle Aged Neurocognitive Disorders/diagnosis/etiology Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Hiv Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (statins) neurocognitive disorders
Erlandson KM, Kitch D, Wester CW, Kalayjian RC, Overton ET, Castillo-Mancilla J, Koletar SL, Benson CA, Campbell TB, Robertson K, Lok JJ (2017). The Impact of Statin and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor/Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Therapy on Cognitive Function in Adults With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. Clin Infect Dis, 65(12), 2042-2049. PMC5850423
Journal Article
Disability Among Middle-Aged and Older Persons With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Clin Infect Dis
2017
1-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28369402
Background: Older human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults may experience higher rates of frailty and disability than the general population. Improved understanding of the prevalence, risk factors, and types of impairment can better inform providers and the healthcare system. Methods: HIV-infected participants within the AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5322 HAILO study self-reported disability by the Lawton-Brody Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) Questionnaire. Frailty was measured by 4-m walk time, grip strength, self-reported weight loss, exhaustion, and low activity. Logistic regression models identified characteristics associated with any IADL impairment. Agreement between IADL impairment and frailty was assessed using the weighted kappa statistic. Results: Of 1015 participants, the median age was 51 years, 15% were aged >/=60 years, 19% were female, 29% black, and 20% Hispanic. At least 1 IADL impairment was reported in 18% of participants, most commonly with ho
10.1093/cid/cix253
28369402
PMC5815567
Activities of Daily Living Adult Aged Comorbidity Cross-Sectional Studies Female Frailty HIV Infections/*epidemiology Humans Male Middle Aged Hiv disability neurocognitive impairment physical activity
Johs NA, Wu K, Tassiopoulos K, Koletar SL, Kalayjian RC, Ellis RJ, Taiwo B, Palella FJ Jr, Erlandson KM (2017). Disability Among Middle-Aged and Older Persons With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. Clin Infect Dis, 65(1), 83-91. PMC5815567
Journal Article
Moderate Alcohol Use Is Not Associated With Fibrosis Progression in Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Hepatitis C Virus-Coinfected Women: A Prospective Cohort Study
Clin Infect Dis
2017
29-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29020382
Background: Heavy alcohol use can lead to progressive liver damage, especially in individuals with chronic hepatitis C (HCV); however, the impact of nonheavy use is not clear. We studied long-term effects of modest alcohol use on fibrosis progression in a large cohort of women coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/HCV. Methods: Alcohol intake was ascertained every 6 months and use categorized as abstinent, light (1-3 drinks/week), moderate (4-7 drinks/week), heavy (>7 drinks/week), and very heavy (>14 drinks/week). Fibrosis progression was defined as the change in Fibrosis-4 Index for Liver Fibrosis (FIB-4) units per year using random-intercept, random-slope mixed modeling. Results: Among 686 HIV/HCV-coinfected women, 46.0% reported no alcohol use; 26.8% reported light use, 7.1% moderate use, and 19.7% heavy use (6.7% had 8-14 drinks/week and 13.0% had >14 drinks/week) at cohort entry. Median FIB-4 at entry was similar between groups. On multivariable analysis, compared to
10.1093/cid/cix716
29020382
PMC5850438
Adult Alcohol Drinking/*adverse effects Cohort Studies Coinfection/*complications/virology *Disease Progression Female HIV/isolation & purification HIV Infections/complications Hepacivirus/isolation & purification Hepatitis C/complications Hepatitis C, Chronic/complications Humans Liver/*drug effects/pathology/virology Liver Cirrhosis/etiology/*pathology/virology Middle Aged Prospective Studies Fib-4 alcohol coinfection fibrosis hepatitis C
Kelly EM, Dodge JL, Bacchetti P, Sarkar M, French AL, Tien PC, Glesby MJ, Golub ET, Augenbraun M, Plankey M, Peters MG (2017). Moderate Alcohol Use Is Not Associated With Fibrosis Progression in Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Hepatitis C Virus-Coinfected Women: A Prospective Cohort Study. Clin Infect Dis, 65(12), 2050-2056. PMC5850438
Journal Article
Relationship of Genotype for HLA B*57 and IFNL4 With Disease Progression in Female HIV Controllers
Clin Infect Dis
2017
1-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28541547
10.1093/cid/cix481
28541547
PMC5848247
Disease Progression Female Genotype *hiv-1 HLA-B Antigens/genetics Humans Interleukins/genetics
Kuniholm MH, Strickler HD, Anastos K, Prokunina-Olsson L, Aouizerat BE, O'Brien TR (2017). Relationship of Genotype for HLA B*57 and IFNL4 With Disease Progression in Female HIV Controllers. Clin Infect Dis, 65(7), 1243-1244. PMC5848247
Journal Article
Practical Review of Recognition and Management of Obesity and Lipohypertrophy in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Clin Infect Dis
2017
15-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28329372
Background: Obesity and lipohypertrophy are common in treated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and contribute to morbidity and mortality among HIV-infected adults on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods: We present a consensus opinion on the diagnosis, clinical consequences, and treatment of excess adiposity in adults with treated HIV infection. Results: Obesity and lipohypertrophy commonly occur among HIV-infected adults on ART and may have overlapping pathophysiologies and/or synergistic metabolic consequences. Traditional, HIV-specific, and ART-specific risk factors all contribute. The metabolic and inflammatory consequences of excess adiposity are critical drivers of non-AIDS events in this population. Although promising treatment strategies exist, further research is needed to better understand the pathophysiology and optimal treatment of obesity and lipohypertrophy in the modern ART era. Conclusions: Both generalized obesity and lipohypertrophy are prevalent among HI
10.1093/cid/cix178
28329372
PMC5411395
Adiposity/*drug effects Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage/*adverse effects/therapeutic use Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*adverse effects CD4 Lymphocyte Count Disease Management Female HIV Infections/*complications/drug therapy HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome/*therapy Humans Male Obesity/diagnosis/etiology/*physiopathology/therapy Risk Factors antiretroviral therapy. human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) lipohypertrophy obesity
Lake JE, Stanley TL, Apovian CM, Bhasin S, Brown TT, Capeau J, Currier JS, Dube MP, Falutz J, Grinspoon SK, Guaraldi G, Martinez E, McComsey GA, Sattler FR, Erlandson KM (2017). Practical Review of Recognition and Management of Obesity and Lipohypertrophy in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. Clin Infect Dis, 64(10), 1422-1429. PMC5411395
Journal Article
Marijuana use impacts midlife cardiovascular events in HIV-infected men
Clin Infect Dis
2017
8/15/2017
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28449059
Background: Marijuana use is prevalent among persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but its long-term effects on HIV disease progression and comorbidities are unknown. Methods: In this prospective study of 558 HIV-infected men enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study between 1990 and 2010, there were 182 HIV seroconverters and 376 with viral suppression on combination antiretroviral therapy (ART). Associations between heavy marijuana use and HIV disease markers or white blood cell (WBC) count were examined using mixed-effects and linear regression models. Effects of marijuana use on cardiovascular (CV) events and other endpoints were estimated using Kaplan-Meier and logistic regression analyses. Results: The median baseline age of participants was 41, 66% were white, 79% had education >12 years, and 20% reported heavy marijuana use at >/=50% of biannual visits during follow-up. Long-term heavy marijuana use showed no significant associations with viral load, CD4
10.1093/cid/cix391
28449059
PMC5850013
age AIDS antiretroviral therapy ART blood Boston cancer CD4 cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Comorbidity Disease Disease Progression Education effects follow-up Hiv Human human immunodeficiency virus immunodeficiency immunology marker markers median methods model mortality multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study neurology Odds Ratio population progression Prospective Studies Risk Risk Factors Smoking study therapies therapy Viral Load virology virus
Lorenz DR, Dutta A, Mukerji SS, Holman A, Uno H, Gabuzda D (2017). Marijuana use impacts midlife cardiovascular events in HIV-infected men. Clin Infect Dis, 65(4), 626-635. PMC5850013
Journal Article
Reproductive Aging and Hepatic Fibrosis Progression in Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Hepatitis C Virus-Coinfected Women
Clin Infect Dis
2017
30-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29020239
Background: Severity of hepatic fibrosis is greater in postmenopausal than in premenopausal women, perhaps owing to protective effects of estrogens. However, prior studies of estrogen and liver fibrosis lack serial fibrosis measures, adjustment for age, or longitudinal observations in coinfected populations. Methods: In a longitudinal cohort of women coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), we assessed fibrosis progression across reproductive age, using validated serum fibrosis markers, aminotransferase platelet ratio index (APRI) and fibrosis 4 (FIB-4). Fibrosis rate was evaluated within each woman as she transitioned from pre- to postmenopause, defined by a biomarker of ovarian function. Results: The median follow-up (n = 405) was 9.1 years (interquartile range, 5.0-15.2 years), with a median menopausal age of 49 years (47-52 years). When fully controlled for chronologic aging, the fibrosis progression rate was accelerated during perimenopause,
10.1093/cid/cix643
29020239
PMC5850524
Adult Biomarkers/blood *Coinfection/blood/epidemiology/physiopathology Female *HIV Infections/blood/complications/epidemiology *Hepatitis C/blood/complications/epidemiology Humans *Liver Cirrhosis/blood/complications/epidemiology Longitudinal Studies Menopause/*physiology Middle Aged anti-mullerian hormone fibrosis markers hepatic scarring hormones menopause
Sarkar M, Dodge JL, Greenblatt RM, Kuniholm MH, DeHovitz J, Plankey M, Kovacs A, French AL, Seaberg EC, Ofotokun I, Fischl M, Overton E, Kelly E, Bacchetti P, Peters MG (2017). Reproductive Aging and Hepatic Fibrosis Progression in Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Hepatitis C Virus-Coinfected Women. Clin Infect Dis, 65(10), 1695-1702. PMC5850524
Journal Article
HIV Infection, Immunosuppression, and Age at Diagnosis of Non-AIDS-Defining Cancers
Clin Infect Dis
2017
15-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27940936
Background: It is unclear whether immunosuppression leads to younger ages at cancer diagnosis among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH). A previous study found that most cancers are not diagnosed at a younger age in people with AIDS, with the exception of anal and lung cancers. This study extends prior work to include all PLWH and examines associations between AIDS, CD4 count, and age at cancer diagnosis. Methods: We compared the median age at cancer diagnosis between PLWH in the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design and the general population using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program. We used statistical weights to adjust for population differences. We also compared median age at cancer diagnosis by AIDS status and CD4 count. Results: After adjusting for population differences, younger ages at diagnosis (P < .05) were observed for PLWH compared with the general population for lung (difference in medians = 4 year
10.1093/cid/ciw764
27940936
PMC5850313
Adult Age Factors Aged CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/*complications/pathology Humans *Immune Tolerance Male Middle Aged Neoplasms/*epidemiology Young Adult *aids *hiv *aging *cancer *immunosuppression
Shiels MS, Althoff KN, Pfeiffer RM, Achenbach CJ, Abraham AG, Castilho J, Cescon A, D'Souza G, Dubrow R, Eron JJ, Gebo K, John Gill M, Goedert JJ, Grover S, Hessol NA, Justice A, Kitahata M, Mayor A, Moore RD, Napravnik S, Novak RM, Thorne JE, Silverberg MJ, Engels EA (2017). HIV Infection, Immunosuppression, and Age at Diagnosis of Non-AIDS-Defining Cancers. Clin Infect Dis, 64(4), 468-475. PMC5850313
Journal Article
First Occurrence of Diabetes, Chronic Kidney Disease, and Hypertension Among North American HIV-Infected Adults, 2000-2013
Clin Infect Dis
2017
15-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28172581
Background: There remains concern regarding the occurrence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) among individuals aging with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but few studies have described whether disparities between demographic subgroups are present among individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART) with access to care. Methods: We assessed the first documented occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and treated hypertension (HTN) by age, sex, and race within the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD). HIV-infected adults (>/=18 years) who initiated ART were observed for first NCD occurrence between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2013. Cumulative incidences as of age 70 were estimated accounting for the competing risk of death; Poisson regression was used to compare rates of NCD occurrence by demographic subgroup. Results: We included >50000 persons with >250000 person-years of follow-up. Median follow-up was 4.7
10.1093/cid/ciw804
28172581
PMC5850614
Adult Aged Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/adverse effects/methods Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*complications/*epidemiology/history Female HIV Infections/*complications/drug therapy/*epidemiology/history History, 21st Century Humans Hypertension/*complications/*epidemiology/history Male Middle Aged North America/epidemiology Patient Outcome Assessment Population Surveillance Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/*complications/*epidemiology/history Risk Factors
Wong C, Gange SJ, Buchacz K, Moore RD, Justice AC, Horberg MA, Gill MJ, Koethe JR, Rebeiro PF, Silverberg MJ, Palella FJ, Patel P, Kitahata MM, Crane HM, Abraham AG, Samji H, Napravnik S, Ahmed T, Thorne JE, Bosch RJ, Mayor AM, Althoff KN (2017). First Occurrence of Diabetes, Chronic Kidney Disease, and Hypertension Among North American HIV-Infected Adults, 2000-2013. Clin Infect Dis, 64(4), 459-467. PMC5850614
Journal Article
Glomerular filtration rate and proteinuria associations with coronary artery calcium among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
Coron Artery Dis
2017
Jan-17
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27611875
BACKGROUND: Decreased kidney function and greater albuminuria are associated with increased incidence and extent of coronary artery calcium (CAC). We investigated whether the associations between kidney function and urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPCR) with CAC differ by HIV serostatus. METHODS: Using data from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, a prospective multicenter US study of men who have sex with men, we carried out a cross-sectional study comprised of 592 HIV-infected (HIV+) and 378 uninfected (HIV-) men who underwent noncontrast computed tomography to measure CAC. Logistic and linear regression models were used to determine whether HIV infection modified associations of estimated glomerular filtration rate and UPCR with the presence and extent of CAC, adjusting for age, race, and cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS: Every 10 U decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate below 90 ml/min/1.73 m was significantly associated with 1.3-fold [95% confidence interval (CI):
10.1097/MCA.0000000000000428
27611875
PMC5143176
age AIDS Baltimore Biomedical Research Calcium change Chicago cohort Cohort Studies cohort study cross-sectional Cross-Sectional Studies Disease epidemiology Glomerular Filtration Rate health Hiv HIV infection Illinois Incidence infection infectious diseases Kidney Los Angeles Maryland methods microbiology model multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Pennsylvania Pittsburgh Proteinuria Public Health research Risk Risk Factors serostatus sex study
Roy SK, Estrella MM, Darilay AT, Budoff MJ, Jacobson LP, Witt MD, Kingsley LA, Post WS, Palella FJ Jr (2017). Glomerular filtration rate and proteinuria associations with coronary artery calcium among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Coron Artery Dis, 28(1), 17-22. PMC5143176
Journal Article
The Fat of the Matter: Obesity and Visceral Adiposity in Treated HIV Infection
Curr HIV/AIDS Rep
2017
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29043609
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The aim of this review is to summarize knowledge of the prevalence, relevant physiology, and consequences of obesity and visceral adiposity in HIV-infected adults, including highlighting gaps in current knowledge and future research directions. RECENT FINDINGS: Similar to the general population, obesity prevalence is increasing among HIV-infected persons, and obesity and visceral adiposity are associated with numerous metabolic and inflammatory sequelae. However, HIV- and antiretroviral therapy (ART)-specific factors may contribute to fat gain and fat quality in treated HIV infection, particularly to the development of visceral adiposity, and sex differences may exist. Obesity and visceral adiposity commonly occur in HIV-infected persons and have significant implications for morbidity and mortality. Future research should aim to better elucidate the HIV- and ART-specific contributors to obesity and visceral adiposity in treated HIV infection, with the goal of develop
10.1007/s11904-017-0368-6
29043609
PMC5694708
Adiposity Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/adverse effects Cardiovascular Diseases Cognitive Dysfunction HIV Infections/*complications/drug therapy Humans Intra-Abdominal Fat/*physiopathology Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Obesity/*complications Weight Gain *Antiretroviral therapy *hiv *Lipohypertrophy *Obesity *Visceral fat
J. E. Lake (2017). The Fat of the Matter: Obesity and Visceral Adiposity in Treated HIV Infection. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep, 14(6), 211-219. PMC5694708
Journal Article
NIHMS913972
Faces of Frailty in Aging with HIV Infection
Curr HIV/AIDS Rep
2017
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28210943
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW: The number of adults who are aging successfully and have HIV infection is increasing. More effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens are preventing individuals infected with HIV from reaching end stages of the HIV infection and developing AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). However, even at lower viral loads, chronic HIV infection appears to have consequences on aging processes, including the development of frailty. RECENT FINDINGS: Frailty is a term used to describe vulnerability in aging. Frailty indices such as the Fried Frailty Index (FFI), the Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS) Index, and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D), an index of emotional frailty, associate with or predict clinical outcomes and death. However, even among existing frailty definitions, components require rigorous and consistent standardization. In the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), we have shown that frailty does not exist in isolation, eve
10.1007/s11904-017-0348-x
28210943
PMC5497732
Aged, 80 and over *Aging Female *Frail Elderly HIV Infections/*complications/*therapy Humans *Assessment *Disabilities *Elderly *Frailty *hiv *Prevention
Thurn M, Gustafson DR (2017). Faces of Frailty in Aging with HIV Infection. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep, 14(1), 31-37. PMC5497732
Journal Article
Multiplex assay reliability and long-term intra-individual variation of serologic inflammatory biomarkers
Cytokine
2017
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27940218
BACKGROUND: Circulating cytokines, chemokines, and soluble cytokine receptors can serve as biomarkers of inflammation and immune dysregulation. Good reliability of multiplex platforms, which allow for simultaneous, comprehensive biomarker assessment, is critical for their utility in epidemiologic studies. We examined the reliability of the Meso-Scale Discovery (MSD) platform to simultaneously quantitate 15 cytokines and chemokines and the Luminex platform (R&D Systems) to quantitate 5 soluble receptors and 2 chemokines and cytokines and evaluated long-term within-person correlation of these biomarkers. METHODS: The detectability and reliability of these assay systems were assessed using the same external controls across plates and archived sera from 250 HIV(-) men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Using up to four visits per person from 1984 to 2009, age-adjusted intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) of biomarkers with >80% detectability (CCL11, CXCL8, CXCL10, CCL2, CCL4, CCL13
10.1016/j.cyto.2016.09.018
27940218
PMC5463452
Biomarkers/blood Cytokines/*blood Female HIV Infections/*blood *hiv-1 Humans Inflammation Mediators/*blood Male *Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Prospective Studies *Inflammatory biomarkers *Intraclass correlation *Multiplex assay reliability *Reliability
McKay HS, Margolick JB, Martínez-Maza O, Lopez J, Phair J, Rappocciolo G, Denny TN, Magpantay LI, Jacobson LP, Bream JH (2017). Multiplex assay reliability and long-term intra-individual variation of serologic inflammatory biomarkers. Cytokine, 90(), 185-192. PMC5463452
Journal Article
Objectively Measured Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Genetic Predisposition to Obesity in U.S. Hispanics/Latinos: Results From the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)
Diabetes
2017
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28986399
Studies using self-reported data suggest a gene-physical activity interaction on obesity, yet the influence of sedentary behavior, distinct from a lack of physical activity, on genetic associations with obesity remains unclear. We analyzed interactions of accelerometer-measured moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and time spent sedentary with genetic variants on obesity among 9,645 U.S. Hispanics/Latinos. An overall genetic risk score (GRS), a central nervous system (CNS)-related GRS, and a non-CNS-related GRS were calculated based on 97 BMI-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Genetic association with BMI was stronger in individuals with lower MVPA (first tertile) versus higher MVPA (third tertile) (beta = 0.78 kg/m(2) [SE, 0.10 kg/m(2)] vs. 0.39 kg/m(2) [0.09 kg/m(2)] per SD increment of GRS; Pinteraction = 0.005), and in those with more time spent sedentary (third tertile) versus less time spent sedentary (first tertile) (beta = 0.73 kg/m(2) [SE, 0.10 kg/m(2)
10.2337/db17-0573
28986399
PMC5697950
Adiposity Adolescent Adult Aged Body Mass Index *Exercise Female *Genetic Predisposition to Disease Hispanic Americans Humans Male Middle Aged Obesity/*etiology/genetics *Sedentary Behavior Young Adult
Moon JY, Wang T, Sofer T, North KE, Isasi CR, Cai J, Gellman MD, Moncrieft AE, Sotres-Alvarez D, Argos M, Kaplan RC, Qi Q (2017). Objectively Measured Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Genetic Predisposition to Obesity in U.S. Hispanics/Latinos: Results From the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). Diabetes, 66(12), 3001-3012. PMC5697950
Journal Article
Genetics of Type 2 Diabetes in U.S. Hispanic/Latino Individuals: Results From the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)
Diabetes
2017
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28254843
Few genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of type 2 diabetes (T2D) have been conducted in U.S. Hispanics/Latinos of diverse backgrounds who are disproportionately affected by diabetes. We conducted a GWAS in 2,499 T2D case subjects and 5,247 control subjects from six Hispanic/Latino background groups in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). Our GWAS identified two known loci (TCF7L2 and KCNQ1) reaching genome-wide significance levels. Conditional analysis on known index single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) indicated an additional independent signal at KCNQ1, represented by an African ancestry-specific variant, rs1049549 (odds ratio 1.49 [95% CI 1.27-1.75]). This association was consistent across Hispanic/Latino background groups and replicated in the MEta-analysis of type 2 DIabetes in African Americans (MEDIA) Consortium. Among 80 previously known index SNPs at T2D loci, 66 SNPs showed consistency with the reported direction of associations and 14 SNPs si
10.2337/db16-1150
28254843
PMC5399610
Adolescent Adult African Americans/*genetics Aged Case-Control Studies Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications/*genetics Female Genetic Predisposition to Disease Genome-Wide Association Study Genotype Genotyping Techniques Haplotypes Hispanic Americans/*genetics Humans KCNQ1 Potassium Channel/*genetics Linear Models Male Middle Aged Obesity/complications Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide Risk Assessment Transcription Factor 7-Like 2 Protein/*genetics United States Young Adult
Qi Q, Stilp AM, Sofer T, Moon JY, Hidalgo B, Szpiro AA, Wang T, Ng MCY, Guo X; MEta-analysis of type 2 DIabetes in African Americans (MEDIA) Consortium, Chen YI, Taylor KD, Aviles-Santa ML, Papanicolaou G, Pankow JS, Schneiderman N, Laurie CC, Rotter JI, Kaplan RC (2017). Genetics of Type 2 Diabetes in U.S. Hispanic/Latino Individuals: Results From the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). Diabetes, 66(5), 1419-1425. PMC5399610
Journal Article
Event-level analysis of alcohol consumption and condom use in partnership contexts among men who have sex with men and transgender women in Lima, Peru
Drug Alcohol Depend
2017
1-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27865150
BACKGROUND: We explored the association between alcohol use and condomless receptive (CRAI) and insertive (CIAI) anal intercourse within partnership contexts of men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW) in Lima, Peru. METHODS: From 2012-2014, we surveyed men and TGW (n=1607) who reported anal intercourse with >/=1 male or TGW. Alcohol use with up to 3 sexual partners during the prior 90days was evaluated. Bivariate and multivariate analyses used generalized estimating equations to assess event-level associations between alcohol use, CRAI, CIAI, and partnership characteristics while adjusting for participant clustering from multiple partners. RESULTS: Of 4774 sexual partnerships reported, 48% were casual, 34% primary, 10% anonymous, and 8% commercial. Alcohol use preceding sex was significantly (p<0.05) associated with CRAI (PR=1.26) and CIAI (PR=1.37). Partnership characteristics significantly associated with alcohol use included commercial sex work (PR=2.21) and tren
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.10.033
27865150
PMC5183551
Adult Alcohol Drinking/*psychology Condoms/*statistics & numerical data Female HIV Infections/psychology Homosexuality, Male/*psychology Humans Male Peru Sex Work Sexual Behavior/psychology *Sexual Partners *Transgender Persons Unsafe Sex/*psychology Young Adult *Alcohol *hiv *Men who have sex with men *Peru *sti *Transgender women
Delgado JR, Segura ER, Lake JE, Sanchez J, Lama JR, Clark JL (2017). Event-level analysis of alcohol consumption and condom use in partnership contexts among men who have sex with men and transgender women in Lima, Peru. Drug Alcohol Depend, 170(), 17-24. PMC5183551
Journal Article
NIHMS830840
The impact of long-term moderate and heavy alcohol consumption on incident atherosclerosis among persons living with HIV
Drug Alcohol Depend
2017
1-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29121596
BACKGROUND: Level of alcohol consumption is associated with differential risk of atherosclerosis, but little research has investigated this association among HIV+ persons. We evaluated the association between long-term alcohol use and incident atherosclerosis among HIV+ persons. METHODS: We utilized data from HIV+ participants of the Women's Interagency HIV Study (n=483) and the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (n=305) without history of cardiovascular disease. Atherosclerosis was assessed two times by B-mode carotid artery ultrasound imaging from 2004 to 2013. Presence of plaque was defined as focal carotid intima-media thickness over 1.5mm. Those with no plaque at baseline and plaque at follow-up were considered incident cases of atherosclerosis. Group-based trajectory models were used to categorize participants into 10-year drinking patterns representing heavy, moderate, or abstinent-low. Multivariable logistic regressions were conducted to assess the association of long-term moderate
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.09.034
29121596
PMC5789452
Adult Alcohol Drinking/*adverse effects Atherosclerosis/diagnostic imaging/epidemiology/*virology Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/*complications Humans Incidence Male Middle Aged Protective Factors Risk Factors Sex Factors Time Factors United States/epidemiology *Alcohol *Atherosclerosis *Cardiovascular disease *Carotid artery *hiv *Longitudinal *Subclinical
Kelso-Chichetto NE, Plankey M, Sheps DS, Abraham AG, Chen X, Shoptaw S, Kaplan RC, Post WS, Cook RL (2017). The impact of long-term moderate and heavy alcohol consumption on incident atherosclerosis among persons living with HIV. Drug Alcohol Depend, 181(), 235-241. PMC5789452
Journal Article
Substance use among HIV-infected patients in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Agreement between medical records and the ASSIST questionnaire
Drug Alcohol Depend
2017
1-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28646713
BACKGROUND: Substance use assessment is a challenge in busy clinical settings that may adversely affect HIV-infected persons. This study aimed to evaluate agreement between the medical chart and a standardized substance use screening questionnaire. METHODS: Of adults (n=1050) in HIV care in Rio de Janeiro who completed the World Health Organization's Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST), we randomly selected 200 participants for medical chart review. Lifetime use of tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine agreement between the medical record and ASSIST was evaluated using Kappa statistics. Sensitivity and specificity of chart information were also calculated. RESULTS: The median age was 42.4 years, 60.3% were male and 49.5% were white. Prevalence of lifetime use reported in ASSIST was 55.3% (tobacco), 79.4% (alcohol), 23.1% (marijuana), and 20.7% (cocaine). Any information on lifetime use was found in the medical chart for tobacco (n=180, 90.5%), alcohol
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.04.033
28646713
PMC5712472
Brazil Cannabis HIV Infections/*epidemiology Humans Medical Records Prevalence Sensitivity and Specificity Smoking Substance-Related Disorders/*epidemiology Surveys and Questionnaires *Concordance *hiv/aids *Medical record *Questionnaire *Substance use
Machado IK, Luz PM, Lake JE, Castro R, Velasque L, Clark JL, Veloso VG, Grinsztejn B, De Boni RB (2017). Substance use among HIV-infected patients in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Agreement between medical records and the ASSIST questionnaire. Drug Alcohol Depend, 178(), 115-118. PMC5712472
Journal Article
NIHMS919843
Accuracy of Self-reported Weight in Hispanic/Latino Adults of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos
Epidemiology
2017
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28767517
BACKGROUND: Previous US population-based studies have found that body weight may be underestimated when self-reported. However, this research may not apply to all US Hispanics/Latinos, many of whom are immigrants with distinct cultural orientations to ideal body size. We assessed the data quality and accuracy of self-reported weight in a diverse, community-based, US sample of primarily foreign-born Hispanic/Latino adults. METHODS: Using baseline data (2008-2011) from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), we described the difference between contemporaneous self-reported and measured current body weight (n = 16,119) and used multivariate adjusted models to establish whether the observed trends in misreporting in potential predictors of inaccuracy persisted after adjustment for other predictors. Last, we described the weighted percentage agreement in body mass classification using either self-reported or measured weight (n = 16,110). RESULTS: Self-reported weigh
10.1097/EDE.0000000000000728
28767517
PMC5617765
Adolescent Adult Age Factors Aged *Body Weight *Data Accuracy Emigrants and Immigrants/*statistics & numerical data Female *Hispanic Americans Humans Male Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis Obesity/epidemiology Prevalence Self Report/*standards Sex Factors United States/epidemiology Young Adult
Fernández-Rhodes L, Robinson WR, Sotres-Alvarez D, Franceschini N, Castañeda SF, Buelna C, Moncrieft A, Llabre M, Daviglus ML, Qi Q, Agarwal A, Isasi CR, Smokowski P, Gordon-Larsen P, North KE (2017). Accuracy of Self-reported Weight in Hispanic/Latino Adults of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Epidemiology, 28(6), 847-853. PMC5617765
Journal Article
NIHMS850513
Bias Due to Confounders for the Exposure-Competing Risk Relationship
Epidemiology
2017
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27748680
BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic studies that aim to estimate a causal effect of an exposure on a particular event of interest may be complicated by the existence of competing events that preclude the occurrence of the primary event. Recently, many articles have been published in the epidemiologic literature demonstrating the need for appropriate models to accommodate competing risks when they are present. However, there has been little attention to variable selection for confounder control in competing risk analyses. METHODS: We employ simulation to demonstrate the bias in two variable selection strategies include covariates that are associated with the exposure and (1) which change the cause-specific hazard of any of the outcomes; or (2) which change the cause-specific hazard of the specific event of interest. RESULTS: We demonstrated minimal to no bias in estimators adjusted for confounders of exposure and either the event of interest or the competing event, but bias of varying magnitude i
10.1097/EDE.0000000000000565
27748680
PMC5489237
*Bias *Causality *Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic Humans Models, Statistical Proportional Hazards Models Risk
Lesko CR, Lau B (2017). Bias Due to Confounders for the Exposure-Competing Risk Relationship. Epidemiology, 28(1), 20-27. PMC5489237
Journal Article
NIHMS866998
Persistent accumulation of gut macrophages with impaired phagocytic function correlates with SIV disease progression in macaques
Eur J Immunol
2017
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28667761
The contribution of macrophages in the gastrointestinal tract to disease control or progression in HIV infection remains unclear. To address this question, we analyzed CD163(+) macrophages in ileum and mesenteric lymph nodes (LN) from SIV-infected rhesus macaques with dichotomous expression of controlling MHC class I alleles predicted to be SIV controllers or progressors. Infection induced accumulation of macrophages into gut mucosa in the acute phase that persisted in progressors but was resolved in controllers. In contrast, macrophage recruitment to mesenteric LNs occurred only transiently in acute infection irrespective of disease outcome. Persistent gut macrophage accumulation was associated with CD163 expression on alpha4beta7(+) CD16(+) blood monocytes and correlated with epithelial damage. Macrophages isolated from intestine of progressors had reduced phagocytic function relative to controllers and uninfected macaques, and the proportion of phagocytic macrophages negatively corr
10.1002/eji.201646904
28667761
PMC5751436
Animals Cell Movement/immunology Disease Progression Intestinal Mucosa/*immunology Lymph Nodes/immunology Macaca mulatta Macrophages/*immunology Phagocytosis/*immunology Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology Simian Immunodeficiency Virus *cd163 *Cellular immunology *Gut macrophages *hiv *Immunopathology *Phagocytosis *Simian immunodeficiency virus
Swan ZD, Bouwer AL, Wonderlich ER, Barratt-Boyes SM (2017). Persistent accumulation of gut macrophages with impaired phagocytic function correlates with SIV disease progression in macaques. Eur J Immunol, 47(11), 1925-1935. PMC5751436
Journal Article
NIHMS905367
TZA: a novel assay for measuring the latent HIV-1 reservoir
Expert Rev Mol Diagn
2017
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28937839
10.1080/14737159.2017.1384315
28937839
PMC5821502
HIV Infections/*virology HIV-1/*physiology Humans Virology/*methods Virus Latency *Latent HIV-1 *tza
Gupta P, Sanyal A, Mailliard RB (2017). TZA: a novel assay for measuring the latent HIV-1 reservoir. Expert Rev Mol Diagn, 17(12), 1033-1035. PMC5821502
Journal Article
NIHMS942666
Progress and Challenges in the Design and Clinical Development of Antibodies for Cancer Therapy
Front Immunol
2017
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29379493
The remarkable progress in engineering and clinical development of therapeutic antibodies in the last 40 years, after the seminal work by Kohler and Milstein, has led to the approval by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of 21 antibodies for cancer immunotherapy. We review here these approved antibodies, with emphasis on the methods used for their discovery, engineering, and optimization for therapeutic settings. These methods include antibody engineering via chimerization and humanization of non-human antibodies, as well as selection and further optimization of fully human antibodies isolated from human antibody phage-displayed libraries and immunization of transgenic mice capable of generating human antibodies. These technology platforms have progressively led to the development of therapeutic antibodies with higher human content and, thus, less immunogenicity. We also discuss the genetic engineering approaches that have allowed isotype switching and Fc modification
10.3389/fimmu.2017.01751
29379493
PMC5770808
Fc engineering chimerization humanization oncology phage display therapeutic antibodies transgenic mice
Almagro JC, Daniels-Wells TR, Perez-Tapia SM, Penichet ML (2017). Progress and Challenges in the Design and Clinical Development of Antibodies for Cancer Therapy. Front Immunol, 8(), 1751. PMC5770808
Journal Article
TRIM25 in the Regulation of the Antiviral Innate Immunity
Front Immunol
2017
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29018447
TRIM25 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase enzyme that is involved in various cellular processes, including regulation of the innate immune response against viruses. TRIM25-mediated ubiquitination of the cytosolic pattern recognition receptor RIG-I is an essential step for initiation of the intracellular antiviral response and has been thoroughly documented. In recent years, however, additional roles of TRIM25 in early innate immunity are emerging, including negative regulation of RIG-I, activation of the melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5-mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein-TRAF6 antiviral axis and modulation of p53 levels and activity. In addition, the ability of TRIM25 to bind RNA may uncover new mechanisms by which this molecule regulates intracellular signaling and/or RNA virus replication.
10.3389/fimmu.2017.01187
29018447
PMC5614919
E3 ubiquitin ligase Trim25 innate immunity ubiquitination virus
Martín-Vicente M, Medrano LM, Resino S, García-Sastre A, Martínez I. (2017). TRIM25 in the Regulation of the Antiviral Innate Immunity. Front Immunol, 8(), 1187. PMC5614919
Journal Article
Genetic basis for variation in plasma IL-18 levels in persons with chronic hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus-1 infections
Genes Immun
2017
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28300059
Inflammasomes are multi-protein complexes integrating pathogen-triggered signaling leading to the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-18 (IL-18). Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections are associated with elevated IL-18, suggesting inflammasome activation. However, there is marked person-to-person variation in the inflammasome response to HCV and HIV. We hypothesized that host genetics may explain this variation. To test this, we analyzed the associations of plasma IL-18 levels and polymorphisms in 10 genes in the inflammasome cascade. About 1538 participants with active HIV and/or HCV infection in three ancestry groups are included. Samples were genotyped using the Illumina Omni 1-quad and Omni 2.5 arrays. Linear regression analyses were performed to test the association of variants with log IL-18 including HCV and HIV infection status, and HIV RNA in each ancestry group and then meta-analyzed. Eleven highly correlated sing
10.1038/gene.2017.2
28300059
PMC5408324
Adult Coinfection/*immunology Dioxygenases/genetics Female HIV Infections/blood/*immunology HIV-1/*physiology Hepatitis C, Chronic/blood/*immunology Humans Inflammasomes/immunology Interleukin-18/*blood/*genetics Male Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Vergara C, Thio C, Latanich R, Cox AL, Kirk GD, Mehta SH, Busch M, Murphy EL, Villacres MC, Peters MG, French AL, Golub E, Eron J, Lahiri CD, Shrestha S, Gustafson D, Young M, Anastos K, Aouizerat B, Kim AY, Lauer G, Thomas DL, Duggal P (2017). Genetic basis for variation in plasma IL-18 levels in persons with chronic hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus-1 infections. Genes Immun, 18(2), 82-87. PMC5408324
Journal Article
Positive affect and its association with viral control among women with HIV infection
Health Psychol
2017
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27685456
OBJECTIVE: We assessed the relationship between positive affect and viral suppression among women with HIV infection. METHOD: Three waves of 6-month data were analyzed from 995 women on HIV antiretroviral therapy participating in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (10/11-3/13). The predictor variable was self-reported positive affect over 2 waves of data collection, and the outcome was suppressed viral load, defined as plasma HIV-1 RNA <200 copies/mL, measured at a third wave. RESULTS: Women with higher positive affect (36%) were more likely to have viral suppression at a subsequent wave (OR 1.92, 95% CI [1.34, 2.74]). Adjusting for covariates and their interactions, including negative affect, Wave 1 viral suppression, adherence, study site, recruitment cohort, substance use, heavy drinking, relationship status, interpersonal difficulties, and demographics, a statistically significant interaction was detected between negative affect, positive affect and viral suppression, t(965) = -2.7,
10.1037/hea0000382
27685456
PMC5209281
Adult Aged Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/*blood/diagnosis/*psychology Humans Middle Aged Optimism/*psychology Prospective Studies Viral Load/*physiology
Wilson TE, Weedon J, Cohen MH, Golub ET, Milam J, Young MA, Adedimeji AA, Cohen J, Fredrickson BL (2017). Positive affect and its association with viral control among women with HIV infection. Health Psychol, 36(1), 91-100. PMC5209281
Journal Article
High hepatitis C cure rates among black and nonblack human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults in an urban center
Hepatology
2017
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28608973
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) cure rates have been similar in patients with and without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection; however, in the ION-4 study, black patients treated with ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (LDV/SOF) were significantly less likely to achieve cure (90%) compared to nonblack patients (99%). There are limited real-world data on the effectiveness of oral direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) in predominantly minority HIV/HCV coinfected populations. We analyzed HCV treatment outcomes among 255 HCV coinfected patients initiating DAAs between February 2014 and March 2016 in an urban clinic in Baltimore, Maryland. To facilitate adherence, patients received standardized HIV nurse/pharmacist support, which included nurse visits and telephone calls. Median age was 43 years, 88% were black, 73% male, 69% had a history of injection drug use, 45% a history of hazardous alcohol use, and 57% a comorbid psychiatric diagnosis. Median CD4 count was 577 (interquartile range, 397-820) cells/mm
10.1002/hep.29308
28608973
PMC5650518
Adult African Americans Aged Antiviral Agents/*therapeutic use Cohort Studies Coinfection Drug Interactions Female HIV Infections/*complications/drug therapy/ethnology Hepatitis C/complications/*drug therapy/ethnology Humans Male Middle Aged Sustained Virologic Response Treatment Failure Urban Population/statistics & numerical data
Falade-Nwulia O, Sutcliffe C, Moon J, Chander G, Wansom T, Keruly J, Katzianer J, Nathanson A, Marks J, Mehta S, Thomas D, Moore R, Sulkowski M (2017). High hepatitis C cure rates among black and nonblack human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults in an urban center. Hepatology, 66(5), 1402-1412. PMC5650518
Journal Article
NIHMS883517
Effect of alcohol consumption on all-cause and liver-related mortality among HIV-infected individuals
HIV Med
2017
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27679418
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to examine the association between levels of past and current alcohol consumption and all-cause and liver-related mortality among people living with HIV (PLWH). METHODS: A prospective cohort study of 1855 PLWH in Baltimore, MD was carried out from 2000 to 2013. We ascertained alcohol use by (1) self-report (SR) through a computer-assisted self interview, and (2) medical record abstraction of provider-documented (PD) alcohol use. SR alcohol consumption was categorized as heavy (men: > 4 drinks/day or > 14 drinks/week; women: > 3 drinks/day or > 7 drinks/week), moderate (any alcohol consumption less than heavy), and none. We calculated the cumulative incidence of liver-related mortality and fitted adjusted cause-specific regression models to account for competing risks. RESULTS: All-cause and liver-related mortality rates (MRs) were 43.0 and 7.2 per 1000 person-years (PY), respectively. All-cause mortality was highest among SR nondrinkers with PD rece
10.1111/hiv.12433
27679418
PMC5373934
Adult Alcohol Drinking/*adverse effects Baltimore/epidemiology Female HIV Infections/*complications Humans Incidence Liver Diseases/*mortality Male Middle Aged Prospective Studies Survival Analysis * hiv *alcohol consumption *all-cause mortality *liver-related mortality
Canan CE, Lau B, McCaul ME, Keruly J, Moore RD, Chander G (2017). Effect of alcohol consumption on all-cause and liver-related mortality among HIV-infected individuals. HIV Med, 18(5), 332-341. PMC5373934
Journal Article
NIHMS824342
The association between physical activity and cognition in men with and without HIV infection
HIV Med
2017
Sep-17
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28294530
OBJECTIVES: HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders are highly prevalent, and physical activity (PA) is a modifiable behaviour that may affect neurocognitive function. Our objective was to determine the association between PA and neurocognitive function and the effect of HIV on this association. METHODS: PA was assessed in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. A neuropsychological test battery assessed global impairment and domain-specific impairment (executive function, speed of processing, working memory, learning, memory, and motor function) every 2 years. Semiannually, the Symbol Digit Modalities Test and Trail Making Test Parts A and B were performed. Adjusted logistic regression models were used to assess the PA-neurocognitive function association. Using longitudinal data, we also assessed the PA category-decline of neurocognitive function association with multivariate simple regression. RESULTS: Of 601 men, 44% were HIV-infecte
10.1111/hiv.12490
28294530
PMC5538926
Affect AIDS Baltimore Chicago Cognition cohort Cohort Studies cohort study disorders epidemiology health Hiv HIV infection infection Learning longitudinal longitudinal data Los Angeles measurement Memory methods model multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study neurology Neuropsychological Pittsburgh psychiatry psychology Public Health questionnaire study symbol digit symbol digit modalities test Time
Monroe AK, Zhang L, Jacobson LP, Plankey MW, Brown TT, Miller EN, Martin E, Becker JT, Levine AJ, Ragin A, Sacktor NC (2017). The association between physical activity and cognition in men with and without HIV infection. HIV Med, 18(8), 555-563. PMC5538926
Journal Article
Genome-wide association study of iron traits and relation to diabetes in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL): potential genomic intersection of iron and glucose regulation?
Hum Mol Genet
2017
15-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28334935
Genetic variants contribute to normal variation of iron-related traits and may also cause clinical syndromes of iron deficiency or excess. Iron overload and deficiency can adversely affect human health. For example, elevated iron storage is associated with increased diabetes risk, although mechanisms are still being investigated. We conducted the first genome-wide association study of serum iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), transferrin saturation, and ferritin in a Hispanic/Latino cohort, the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (>12 000 participants) and also assessed the generalization of previously known loci to this population. We then evaluated whether iron-associated variants were associated with diabetes and glycemic traits. We found evidence for a novel association between TIBC and a variant near the gene for protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 3B (PPP1R3B; rs4841132, beta = -0.116, P = 7.44 x 10-8). The effect strengthened when iron deficient individu
10.1093/hmg/ddx082
28334935
PMC6075359
Adult Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/blood Antigens, CD Blood Glucose/metabolism Diabetes Mellitus/genetics/metabolism Fasting Female Ferritins/analysis/blood/metabolism Genetic Association Studies/methods Genetic Variation/genetics Genome-Wide Association Study Genomics Glucose/*genetics/*metabolism Hemochromatosis/genetics Hispanic Americans/genetics Hospitals, Community/methods Humans Insulin/metabolism Iron/blood/*metabolism Male Membrane Proteins/genetics/metabolism Middle Aged Phenotype Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics Receptors, Transferrin/genetics Risk Factors Serine Endopeptidases/genetics/metabolism Transferrin/analysis/metabolism
Raffield LM, Louie T, Sofer T, Jain D, Ipp E, Taylor KD, Papanicolaou GJ, Avilés-Santa L, Lange LA, Laurie CC, Conomos MP, Thornton TA, Chen YI, Qi Q, Cotler S, Thyagarajan B, Schneiderman N, Rotter JI, Reiner AP, Lin HJ (2017). Genome-wide association study of iron traits and relation to diabetes in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL): potential genomic intersection of iron and glucose regulation?. Hum Mol Genet, 26(10), 1966-1978. PMC6075359
Journal Article
Association of Kidney Function and Early Kidney Injury With Incident Hypertension in HIV-Infected Women
Hypertension
2017
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27993956
Subclinical kidney disease is associated with developing hypertension in the general population, but data are lacking among HIV-infected people. We examined associations of kidney function and injury with incident hypertension in 823 HIV-infected and 267 HIV-uninfected women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study, a multicenter, prospective cohort of HIV-infected and uninfected women in the United States. Baseline kidney biomarkers included estimated glomerular filtration rate using cystatin C, urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio, and 7 urine biomarkers of tubular injury: alpha-1-microglobulin, interleukin-18, kidney injury molecule-1, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, liver fatty acid-binding protein, N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase, and alpha1-acid-glycoprotein. We used multivariable Poisson regression to evaluate associations of kidney biomarkers with incident hypertension, defined as 2 consecutive visits of antihypertensive medication use. During a median follow-up of 9.6 yea
10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.08258
27993956
PMC5233560
Acute Kidney Injury/epidemiology/*etiology/metabolism Adult Biomarkers/urine Female Glomerular Filtration Rate/*physiology *hiv HIV Infections/*complications/epidemiology Humans Hypertension/epidemiology/*etiology/physiopathology Incidence Kidney Prevalence Retrospective Studies United States/epidemiology *albuminuria *glomerular filtration rate *hypertension *kidney disease
Ascher SB, Scherzer R, Peralta CA, Tien PC, Grunfeld C, Estrella MM, Abraham A, Gustafson DR, Nowicki M, Sharma A, Cohen MH, Butch AW, Young MA, Bennett MR, Shlipak MG (2017). Association of Kidney Function and Early Kidney Injury With Incident Hypertension in HIV-Infected Women. Hypertension, 69(2), 304-313. PMC5233560
Journal Article
Cervical cancer incidence after up to 20 years of observation among women with HIV
Int J Cancer
2017
15-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28670714
To estimate the incidence of invasive cervical cancer (ICC) across up to 21 years of follow-up among women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and to compare it to that among HIV-uninfected women, we reviewed ICC diagnoses from a 20-year multi-site U.S. cohort study of HIV infected and uninfected women who had Pap testing every 6 months. Incidence rates were calculated and compared to those in HIV-negative women. Incidence ratios standardized to age-, sex-, race-, and calendar-year specific population rates were calculated. After a median follow-up of 12.3 years, four ICCs were confirmed in HIV seropositive women, only one in the last 10 years of observation, and none in seronegative women. The ICC incidence rate did not differ significantly by HIV status (HIV seronegative: 0/100,000 person-years vs. HIV seropositive: 19.5/100,000 person-years; p = 0.53). The standardized incidence ratio for the HIV-infected WIHS participants was 3.31 (95% CI: 0.90, 8.47; p = 0.07). Although margin
10.1002/ijc.30866
28670714
PMC5760214
Adult Cohort Studies Female Follow-Up Studies HIV Infections/*epidemiology/pathology/virology Humans Incidence Middle Aged United States/epidemiology Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/*epidemiology/pathology/*virology *HIV in women *cancer prevention *cervical cancer
Massad LS, Hessol NA, Darragh TM, Minkoff H, Colie C, Wright RL, Cohen M, Seaberg EC (2017). Cervical cancer incidence after up to 20 years of observation among women with HIV. Int J Cancer, 141(8), 1561-1565. PMC5760214
Journal Article
Self-rated health and substance use among individuals in HIV care in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: a cross-sectional study
Int J STD AIDS
2017
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28152664
Self-rated health (SRH) is associated with morbidity and mortality in HIV-uninfected populations but is understudied in HIV. Substance use may affect SRH in addition to its deleterious effect on HIV disease. This analysis aimed to estimate SRH and substance use prevalence and evaluate factors associated with poor SRH among individuals in HIV care in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A convenience sample of HIV-infected adults completed one item of SRH, the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2). Logistic regression models identified factors associated with poor SRH. Participants' (n = 1029) median age was 42.9 years, 64.2% were male, and 54.5% were nonwhite. Poor SRH was reported by 19.5% and the use of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, and crack/cocaine by 30.1, 19.5, 3.9, and 3.5%, respectively. Less than high school education (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.54, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08-2.20), lack of sexual activity in previ
10.1177/0956462417692278
28152664
PMC5501998
Adult Brazil/epidemiology Cross-Sectional Studies Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*epidemiology Hiv-1 *Health Status Humans Logistic Models Male Middle Aged Prevalence Self Report Sexual Behavior Substance-Related Disorders/complications/*epidemiology Surveys and Questionnaires Young Adult *hiv/aids *Self-rated health *self-assessment *substance use
Machado IK, Luz PM, Lake JE, Castro R, Velasque L, Clark JL, Veloso VG, Grinsztejn B, De Boni RB. (2017). Self-rated health and substance use among individuals in HIV care in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: a cross-sectional study. Int J STD AIDS, 28(12), 1175-1183. PMC5501998
Journal Article
NIHMS867007
Adolescent girls and young women living with HIV: preconception counseling strategies
Int J Womens Health
2017
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29066934
BACKGROUND: Rates of pregnancy among women living with HIV are similar to those in the general population. Unintended pregnancies are also common, and among adolescents and young women perinatally infected (PHIV+) or behaviorally infected (BHIV+) with HIV, planning for both conception and contraception is an important element of HIV care that may be neglected. This pilot study examined the influence of intervention strategies targeting fertility planning, safer conception practices and patient-provider communication. It was hypothesized that preconception counseling interventions would enhance reproductive knowledge, planning and practices, as well as stimulate discussion with providers regarding conception. METHODS: Adolescent girls and young women (N=34) perinatally (n=21) or behaviorally (n=13) infected with HIV, aged 16-29 years, were recruited from urban South Florida, and completed measures of reproductive knowledge, sexual practices and fertility intentions. Participants were ra
10.2147/IJWH.S136668
29066934
PMC5605185
Hiv adolescents family planning preconception counseling reproduction safer conception young women
Jones DL, Echenique M, Potter J, Rodriguez VJ, Weiss SM, Fischl MA (2017). Adolescent girls and young women living with HIV: preconception counseling strategies. Int J Womens Health, 9(), 657-663. PMC5605185
Journal Article
Changes in Urinary Biomarkers Over 10 Years Is Associated With Viral Suppression in a Prospective Cohort of Women Living With HIV
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2017
15-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27759575
BACKGROUND: Urine biomarkers have helped identify persons at risk for progressing to kidney disease in the setting of HIV infection. We explored factors associated with changes in 3 urine biomarkers over 10 years among women living with HIV. METHODS: Prospective cohort of 294 HIV-infected women from the multicenter Women's Interagency HIV Study. Predictors included HIV viral and immunological parameters, comorbid conditions, and health-related behaviors. Outcomes were patterns of changes of urine interleukin-18 (IL-18), albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR), and alpha-1-microglobulin (alpha1m) over 10 years. We used quantile regression to examine patterns of change in each urine biomarker during follow-up and multivariable analysis of variance regression to identify predictors of biomarker changes. RESULTS: Over 10 years, the median concentrations of IL-18 declined from 120 to 64 pg/mL, alpha1m rose from 0.7 to 1.5 ng/mL, and ACR remained stable (9-8 mg/g). In multivariate analyses, the st
10.1097/QAI.0000000000001200
27759575
PMC5340602
Adult Albuminuria Alpha-Globulins/urine Anti-Retroviral Agents/*adverse effects/*therapeutic use Biomarkers/*urine Creatinine/urine Female HIV Infections/*complications/*drug therapy Humans Interleukin-18/urine Middle Aged Prospective Studies Renal Insufficiency/*chemically induced/epidemiology/pathology *Sustained Virologic Response
Baxi SM, Scherzer R, Jotwani V, Estrella MM, Abraham AG, Parikh CR, Bennett MR, Cohen MH, Nowicki MJ, Gustafson DR, Sharma A, Young MA, Shlipak MG; Womenʼs Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) (2017). Changes in Urinary Biomarkers Over 10 Years Is Associated With Viral Suppression in a Prospective Cohort of Women Living With HIV. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 74(5), e138-e145. PMC5340602
Journal Article
NIHMS821803
CHA2DS2-VASc Score, Warfarin Use, and Risk for Thromboembolic Events Among HIV-Infected Persons With Atrial Fibrillation
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2017
1-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28797024
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of atrial fibrillation in the HIV-infected population is growing, but the ability of the CHA2DS2-VASc score to predict thromboembolic (TE) risk is unknown in this population. SETTING: Within the Veterans Affairs HIV Clinical Case Registry, 914 patients had an atrial fibrillation diagnosis between 1997 and 2011 and no previous TE events. METHODS: We compared TE incidence by CHA2DS2-VASc scores and stratified by warfarin use. Using Cox proportional hazards regression with adjustment for competing risks, we modeled associations of CHA2DS2-VASc scores and warfarin use with TE risk. RESULTS: At baseline, the distribution of CHA2DS2-VASc scores was 0 (n = 208), 1 (n = 285), and 2+ (n = 421); 34 patients developed 38 TE events during a median of 3.8 years follow-up. Event rates by CHA2DS2-VASc scores of 0, 1, and 2+ were 5.4, 9.3, and 8.1 per 1000 person years, respectively; multivariate-adjusted hazards ratios (HRs) were 1.70 (95% confidence interval: 0.65 to 4.45)
10.1097/QAI.0000000000001470
28797024
PMC5646359
Adult Aged Atrial Fibrillation/*epidemiology/physiopathology Comorbidity Female Follow-Up Studies HIV Infections/*epidemiology/physiopathology Humans Incidence Male Middle Aged Proportional Hazards Models Registries Risk Assessment Risk Factors Stroke/epidemiology/prevention & control Thromboembolism/*epidemiology/*prevention & control/virology United States/epidemiology *Veterans Warfarin/*pharmacology
Chau KH, Scherzer R, Grunfeld C, Hsue PY, Shlipak MG (2017). CHA2DS2-VASc Score, Warfarin Use, and Risk for Thromboembolic Events Among HIV-Infected Persons With Atrial Fibrillation. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 76(1), 90-97. PMC5646359
Journal Article
NIHMS879687
Increased Risk of Myocardial Infarction in HIV-Infected Individuals in North America Compared With the General Population
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2017
15-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28520615
BACKGROUND: Previous studies of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among HIV-infected individuals have been limited by the inability to validate and differentiate atherosclerotic type 1 myocardial infarctions (T1MIs) from other events. We sought to define the incidence of T1MIs and risk attributable to traditional and HIV-specific factors among participants in the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD) and compare adjusted incidence rates (IRs) to the general population Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort. METHODS: We ascertained and adjudicated incident MIs among individuals enrolled in 7 NA-ACCORD cohorts between 1995 and 2014. We calculated IRs, adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRRs), and 95% confidence intervals of risk factors for T1MI using Poisson regression. We compared aIRRs of T1MIs in NA-ACCORD with those from ARIC. RESULTS: Among 29,169 HIV-infected individuals, the IR for T1MIs was 2.57 (2.30 to 2.86) per 1000 person-years, and
10.1097/QAI.0000000000001450
28520615
PMC5522001
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*adverse effects Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active CD4 Lymphocyte Count Comorbidity Female HIV Infections/*epidemiology/physiopathology/virology Humans Incidence Male Middle Aged Myocardial Infarction/*epidemiology/virology North America/epidemiology Proportional Hazards Models Risk Assessment Risk Factors Viral Load
Drozd DR, Kitahata MM, Althoff KN, Zhang J, Gange SJ, Napravnik S, Burkholder GA, Mathews WC, Silverberg MJ, Sterling TR, Heckbert SR, Budoff MJ, Van Rompaey S, Delaney JAC, Wong C, Tong W, Palella FJ, Elion RA, Martin JN, Brooks JT, Jacobson LP, Eron JJ, Justice AC, Freiberg MS, Klein DB, Post WS, Saag MS, Moore RD, Crane HM (2017). Increased Risk of Myocardial Infarction in HIV-Infected Individuals in North America Compared With the General Population. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 75(5), 568-576. PMC5522001
Journal Article
NIHMS875840
Association of CD4+ T-cell Count, HIV-1 RNA Viral Load, and Antiretroviral Therapy With Kaposi Sarcoma Risk Among HIV-infected Persons in the United States and Canada
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2017
1-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28394855
BACKGROUND: Kaposi sarcoma (KS) remains common among HIV-infected persons. To better understand KS etiology and to help target prevention efforts, we comprehensively examined a variety of CD4 T-cell count and HIV-1 RNA viral load (VL) measures, as well as antiretroviral therapy (ART) use, to determine independent predictors of KS risk. SETTING: North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design. METHODS: We followed HIV-infected persons during 1996-2009 from 18 cohorts. We used time-updated Cox regression to model relationships between KS risk and recent, lagged, trajectory, and cumulative CD4 count or VL measures, as well as ART use. We used Akaike's information criterion and global P values to derive a final model. RESULTS: In separate models, the relationship between each measure and KS risk was highly significant (P < 0.0001). Our final mutually adjusted model included recent CD4 count [hazard ratio (HR) for <50 vs. >/=500 cells/muL = 12.4; 95% confidence interval (CI)
10.1097/QAI.0000000000001394
28394855
PMC5490794
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use CD4 Lymphocyte Count CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology Canada/epidemiology Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/complications/drug therapy/*immunology Humans Male Middle Aged Proportional Hazards Models RNA, Viral/*drug effects Sarcoma, Kaposi/epidemiology/*immunology/virology United States/epidemiology Viral Load/*drug effects
Dubrow R, Qin L, Lin H, Hernández-Ramírez RU, Neugebauer RS, Leyden W, Althoff KN, Achenbach CJ, Hessol NA, Modur SP, DʼSouza G, Bosch RJ, Grover S, Horberg MA, Kitahata MM, Mayor AM, Novak RM, Rabkin CS, Sterling TR, Goedert JJ, Justice AC, Engels EA, Moore RD, Silverberg MJ (2017). Association of CD4+ T-cell Count, HIV-1 RNA Viral Load, and Antiretroviral Therapy With Kaposi Sarcoma Risk Among HIV-infected Persons in the United States and Canada. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 75(4), 382-390. PMC5490794
Journal Article
NIHMS864896
Macrophage Activation and the Tumor Necrosis Factor Cascade in Hepatitis C Disease Progression Among HIV-Infected Women Participating in the Women's Interagency HIV Study
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2017
1-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29077674
BACKGROUND: HIV/hepatitis C-coinfected persons experience more rapid liver disease progression than hepatitis C virus (HCV) monoinfected persons, even in the setting of potent antiretroviral therapy. METHODS: We sought to articulate the role of macrophage activation and inflammation in liver disease progression by measuring serial soluble markers in HIV/HCV-coinfected women. We compared markers measured during retrospectively defined periods of rapid liver disease progression to periods where little or no liver disease progression occurred. Liver disease progression was defined by liver biopsy, liver-related death or the serum markers AST-to-platelet ratio index and FIB-4. Soluble CD14, sCD163, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor II, interleukin-6, and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL 2) were measured at 3 time points over 5 years. RESULTS: One hundred six time intervals were included in the analysis: including 31 from liver disease progressors and 75 from nonprogress
10.1097/QAI.0000000000001524
29077674
PMC5679288
Adult Biomarkers/blood CD4 Lymphocyte Count Case-Control Studies Coinfection/*immunology *Disease Progression Female HIV Infections/blood/complications/epidemiology/*immunology Hepatitis C/blood/epidemiology/*immunology/pathology Humans Interleukin-6/blood Liver/pathology/virology Liver Cirrhosis/pathology/virology Longitudinal Studies Macrophage Activation/*immunology Middle Aged Risk Factors Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/blood/*immunology United States
French AL, Martin JW, Evans CT, Peters M, Kessaye SG, Nowicki M, Kuniholm M, Golub E, Augenbraun M, Desai SN; WIHS (2017). Macrophage Activation and the Tumor Necrosis Factor Cascade in Hepatitis C Disease Progression Among HIV-Infected Women Participating in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 76(4), 438-444. PMC5679288
Journal Article
A Flow-Based Model of the HIV Care Continuum in the United States
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2017
15-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28471841
BACKGROUND: Understanding the flow of patients through the continuum of HIV care is critical to determine how best to intervene so that the proportion of HIV-infected persons who are on antiretroviral treatment and virally suppressed is as large as possible. METHODS: Using immunological and virological data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design from 2009 to 2012, we estimated the distribution of time spent in and dropout probability from each stage in the continuum of HIV care. We used these estimates to develop a queueing model for the expected number of patients found in each stage of the cascade. RESULTS: HIV-infected individuals spend an average of about 3.1 months after HIV diagnosis before being linked to care, or dropping out of that stage of the continuum with a probability of 8%. Those who link to care wait an additional 3.7 months on average before getting their second set of laboratory resu
10.1097/QAI.0000000000001429
28471841
PMC5533168
Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use CD4 Lymphocyte Count *Continuity of Patient Care/statistics & numerical data Cross-Sectional Studies Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/mortality/virology Humans Male *Models, Theoretical Population Surveillance United States/epidemiology Viral Load
Gonsalves GS, Paltiel AD, Cleary PD, Gill MJ, Kitahata MM, Rebeiro PF, Silverberg MJ, Horberg M, Abraham AG, Althoff KN, Moore R, Bosch RJ, Tang T, Hall HI, Kaplan EH (2017). A Flow-Based Model of the HIV Care Continuum in the United States. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 75(5), 548-553. PMC5533168
Journal Article
NIHMS868655
Prevalence and Predictors of Hospitalizations Among HIV-Infected and At-Risk HIV-Uninfected Women
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2017
1-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28002184
OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS) Index score, an index composed of age, CD4 count, viral load, hemoglobin, Hepatitis C coinfection, Fibrosis Index-4, and estimated glomerular filtration rate, and psychosocial and clinical risk factors for all-cause hospitalization among HIV-infected women on highly active antiretroviral therapy and HIV-uninfected women. METHODS: Data were collected from 2008 to 2014 from 1585 highly active antiretroviral therapy-experienced HIV infected and 692 uninfected women. Cox proportional hazards regression evaluated predictors of first hospitalization over 2 years. RESULTS: Among HIV-infected women, VACS Index score (per 5 points) [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.08; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06 to 1.11], Centers for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CESD) scores >/=16 (aHR 1.61; 95% CI: 1.30 to 1.99), smoking (aHR 1.26; 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.55), abuse history (aHR 1.52; 95% CI: 1.20 to 1.93), diabetes (aHR 1.63; 95% CI: 1.31 to
10.1097/QAI.0000000000001278
28002184
PMC5429173
*Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active CD4 Lymphocyte Count Female HIV Infections/*epidemiology/immunology/therapy Hospitalization/*statistics & numerical data Humans New York City/epidemiology Population Surveillance Prevalence Proportional Hazards Models Viral Load/*drug effects
Hotton AL, Weber KM, Hershow RC, Anastos K, Bacchetti P, Golub ET, Gustafson D, Levine AM, Young M, Cohen MH (2017). Prevalence and Predictors of Hospitalizations Among HIV-Infected and At-Risk HIV-Uninfected Women. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 75(2), e27-e35. PMC5429173
Journal Article
HIV Viral Load Suppression in Adults and Children Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy-Results From the IeDEA Collaboration
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2017
1-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28708808
BACKGROUND: Having 90% of patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and achieving an undetectable viral load (VL) is 1 of the 90:90:90 by 2020 targets. In this global analysis, we investigated the proportions of adult and paediatric patients with VL suppression in the first 3 years after ART initiation. METHODS: Patients from the IeDEA cohorts who initiated ART between 2010 and 2014 were included. Proportions with VL suppression (<1000 copies/mL) were estimated using (1) strict intention to treat (ITT)-loss to follow-up (LTFU) and dead patients counted as having detectable VL; and (2) modified ITT-LTFU and dead patients were excluded. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of viral suppression at 1 year after ART initiation using modified ITT. RESULTS: A total of 35,561 adults from 38 sites/16 countries and 2601 children from 18 sites/6 countries were included. When comparing strict with modified ITT methods, the proportion achieving VL suppression at 3 years from ART initi
10.1097/QAI.0000000000001499
28708808
PMC5634924
Adolescent Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active CD4 Lymphocyte Count Child Child, Preschool Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*virology Hiv-1 Humans Infant Logistic Models Male Middle Aged *Sustained Virologic Response Viral Load Young Adult
Jiamsakul A, Kariminia A, Althoff KN, Cesar C, Cortes CP, Davies MA, Do VC, Eley B, Gill J, Kumarasamy N, Machado DM, Moore R, Prozesky H, Zaniewski E, Law M (2017). HIV Viral Load Suppression in Adults and Children Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy-Results From the IeDEA Collaboration. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 76(3), 319-329. PMC5634924
Journal Article
Predictors and Impact of Self-Reported Suboptimal Effort on Estimates of Prevalence of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2017
1-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28328547
BACKGROUND: Prevalence estimates of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) may be inflated. Estimates are determined via cohort studies in which participants may apply suboptimal effort on neurocognitive testing, thereby inflating estimates. Additionally, fluctuating HAND severity over time may be related to inconsistent effort. To address these hypotheses, we characterized effort in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. METHODS: After neurocognitive testing, 935 participants (525 HIV- and 410 HIV+) completed the visual analog effort scale (VAES), rating their effort from 0% to 100%. Those with <100% then indicated the reason(s) for suboptimal effort. K-means cluster analysis established 3 groups: high (mean = 97%), moderate (79%), and low effort (51%). Rates of HAND and other characteristics were compared between the groups. Linear regression examined the predictors of VAES score. Data from 57 participants who completed the VAES at 2 visits were analyzed to characterize the longi
10.1097/QAI.0000000000001371
28328547
PMC5429190
AIDS Dementia Complex/*diagnosis/epidemiology/*psychology Bisexuality Cluster Analysis Ethnic Groups HIV Infections/*complications/drug therapy/*psychology Homosexuality, Male Humans Male Medication Adherence/psychology/statistics & numerical data Memory Disorders/complications/psychology Middle Aged *Neuropsychological Tests Prevalence Risk Factors *Self Report Substance-Related Disorders/complications/psychology
Levine AJ, Martin E, Sacktor N, Munro C, Becker J; Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study-Neuropsychology Working Group (2017). Predictors and Impact of Self-Reported Suboptimal Effort on Estimates of Prevalence of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 75(2), 203-210. PMC5429190
Journal Article
Frailty and Circulating Markers of Inflammation in HIV+ and HIV- Men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2017
1-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28225718
BACKGROUND: Frailty is associated with immune activation and inflammation in the elderly general population, but whether this is true in the younger HIV-infected (HIV+) population is not known. METHODS: We analyzed 24 serologic biomarkers of monocyte, T-cell, or B-cell activation in HIV- (n = 207) and HIV+ (n = 714; 75% virologically suppressed) men who have sex with men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) and were classified as frail or nonfrail according to expression or nonexpression of the frailty phenotype at 2 consecutive study visits. RESULTS: After correction for multiple comparisons and adjustment for age, race, study site, and education, frailty in HIV+ men was significantly (P < 0.002) associated with higher levels of sCD14, sIL2Ralpha, sTNF-R2, IL-6, and TNF-alpha; the association with higher levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) approached significance (P = 0.003). After further adjustment for body mass index (BMI), smoking, and comorbidities, only the association wit
10.1097/QAI.0000000000001261
28225718
PMC5365031
Aging/*immunology Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/methods Biomarkers/metabolism Body Mass Index C-Reactive Protein/metabolism HIV Seronegativity/*immunology HIV Seropositivity/*immunology HIV-1/drug effects/*immunology Humans Inflammation/drug therapy/*immunology Longitudinal Studies Lymphocyte Activation/*physiology Male Middle Aged United States
Margolick JB, Bream JH, Martínez-Maza O, Lopez J, Li X, Phair JP, Koletar SL, Jacobson LP (2017). Frailty and Circulating Markers of Inflammation in HIV+ and HIV- Men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 74(4), 407-417. PMC5365031
Journal Article
Gonorrhea and Chlamydia Case Detection Increased When Testing Increased in a Multisite US HIV Cohort, 2004-2014
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2017
1-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28777262
OBJECTIVES: Annual screening for gonorrhea [Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG)] and chlamydia [Chlamydia trachomatis (CT)] is recommended for all sexually active persons living with HIV but is poorly implemented. Studies demonstrating no increases in NG and/or CT (NG/CT) case detection in clinics that successfully expanded NG/CT screening raise questions about this broad screening approach. We evaluated NG/CT case detection in the HIV Research Network during 2004-2014, a period of expanding testing. METHODS: We analyzed linear time trends in annual testing (patients tested divided by all patients in care), test positivity (patients positive divided by all tested), and case detection (the number of patients with a positive result divided by all patients in care) using multivariate repeated measures logistic regression. We determined trends overall and stratified by men who have sex with men (MSM), men who have sex exclusively with women, and women. RESULTS: Among 15,614 patients (50% MSM, 26% m
10.1097/QAI.0000000000001514
28777262
PMC5680900
Adult CD4 Lymphocyte Count Chlamydia Infections/*diagnosis/*epidemiology Coinfection/*diagnosis/*epidemiology Female Gonorrhea/*diagnosis/*epidemiology HIV Infections/*epidemiology Health Promotion Humans Male *Mass Screening/methods Middle Aged Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques Prevalence Risk-Taking Sexual Behavior United States/epidemiology Viral Load
Raifman JR, Gebo KA, Mathews WC, Korthuis PT, Ghanem KG, Aberg JA, Moore RD, Nijhawan AE, Monroe AK, Berry SA; HIV Research Network (2017). Gonorrhea and Chlamydia Case Detection Increased When Testing Increased in a Multisite US HIV Cohort, 2004-2014. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 76(4), 409-416. PMC5680900
Journal Article
NIHMS895945
Higher Body Mass Index Is Associated With Greater Proportions of Effector CD8+ T Cells Expressing CD57 in Women Living With HIV
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2017
15-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28328551
BACKGROUND: A low proportion of CD28CD8 T cells that express CD57 is associated with increased mortality in HIV infection. The effect of increasing body mass index (BMI) changes in the proportion of CD57CD28CD8 T cells among HIV-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy is unknown. SETTING: In a US cohort of HIV-infected women, we evaluated associations of BMI and waist circumference with 3 distinct CD8 T cell phenotypes: % CD28CD57CD8 T cells, % CD57 of CD28CD8 T cells, and % CD28 of all CD8 T cells. METHODS: Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to estimate beta coefficients for each of 3 T-cell phenotypes. Covariates included HIV parameters (current and nadir CD4, current viral load), demographics (age, race, income, and study site), and lifestyle (tobacco and alcohol use) factors. RESULTS: Of 225 participants, the median age was 46 years and 50% were obese (BMI >30 m/kg). Greater BMI and waist circumference were both associated with higher % CD28CD57CD8 T cells and
10.1097/QAI.0000000000001376
28328551
PMC5503764
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active *Body Mass Index CD57 Antigens/*metabolism CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/*metabolism Female HIV Infections/drug therapy/*immunology/*metabolism HIV-1/*immunology Humans Middle Aged Phenotype Socioeconomic Factors T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology United States/epidemiology Viral Load Women's Health
Reid MJA, Baxi SM, Sheira LA, Landay AL, Frongillo EA, Adedimeji A, Cohen MH, Wentz E, Gustafson DR, Merenstein D, Hunt PW, Tien PC, Weiser SD (2017). Higher Body Mass Index Is Associated With Greater Proportions of Effector CD8+ T Cells Expressing CD57 in Women Living With HIV. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 75(5), e132-e141. PMC5503764
Journal Article
Stigma, Partners, Providers and Costs: Potential Barriers to PrEP Uptake among US Women
J AIDS Clin Res
2017
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29201531
Background: Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) use has remained low among US women while significantly increasing among men who have sex with men. Besides lack of awareness, women face several social and structural barriers in gaining access to and using PrEP. Methods: Four focus group discussions with 20 HIV-negative women who live in the Washington DC metropolitan area. Results: The women expressed concerns about social and structural barriers to PrEP use. They were afraid that stigma related to using "HIV medicines" could affect PrEP use as well. They are worried that family and friends may question their reasons for taking anti-retrovirals and suspect that they were HIV-positive. They expected hostile reactions from male partners, including accusations of infidelity and introducing mistrust in their relationships. Communicating with health care providers about sexual matters in general and their need for PrEP in particular were identified as further barriers. Women reported that provi
10.4172/2155-6113.1000730
29201531
PMC5708581
HIV Prevention Pre-exposure prophylaxis Women
Goparaju L, Praschan NC, Warren-Jeanpiere L, Experton LS, Young MA, Kassaye S (2017). Stigma, Partners, Providers and Costs: Potential Barriers to PrEP Uptake among US Women. J AIDS Clin Res, 8(9), . PMC5708581
Journal Article
Association of Tenofovir Use With Risk of Incident Heart Failure in HIV-Infected Patients
J Am Heart Assoc
2017
24-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28438737
BACKGROUND: The antiretroviral medication, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), is used by most human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons in the United States despite higher risks of chronic kidney disease. Although chronic kidney disease is a strong risk factor for heart failure (HF), the association of TDF with incident HF is unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS: We identified 21 435 human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in the United States Veterans Health Administration actively using antiretrovirals between 2002 and 2011. We excluded patients with a prior diagnosis of HF. TDF was analyzed categorically (current, past, or never use) and continuously (per year of use). Proportional hazards regression and fully adjusted marginal structural models were used to determine the association of TDF exposure with risk of incident HF after adjustment for demographic, human immunodeficiency virus-related, and cardiovascular risk factors. During follow-up, 438 incident HF events occurred.
10.1161/JAHA.116.005387
28438737
PMC5533031
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use Cohort Studies Databases, Factual Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy Heart Failure/*epidemiology Humans Incidence Male Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis Proportional Hazards Models Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/epidemiology Retrospective Studies Risk Factors Tenofovir/*therapeutic use United States/epidemiology United States Department of Veterans Affairs Hiv heart failure tenofovir
Chen R, Scherzer R, Hsue PY, Jotwani V, Estrella MM, Horberg MA, Grunfeld C, Shlipak MG (2017). Association of Tenofovir Use With Risk of Incident Heart Failure in HIV-Infected Patients. J Am Heart Assoc, 6(4), . PMC5533031
Journal Article
Objectively Measured Sedentary Time and Cardiovascular Risk Factor Control in US Hispanics/Latinos With Diabetes Mellitus: Results From the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)
J Am Heart Assoc
2017
25-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28546455
BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor control is a cornerstone of diabetes mellitus management. Little is known about relationships of objectively measured sedentary time and physical activity with major CVD risk factor control in individuals with diabetes mellitus. We examined associations of objectively measured sedentary time and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity with reaching major CVD risk factor control goals among US Hispanic/Latino adults with diabetes mellitus. METHODS AND RESULTS: This cross-sectional analysis included 1699 participants with diabetes mellitus from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (2008-2011). Logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) of meeting the following 5 major CVD risk factor control goals: hemoglobin A1c <7.0%; systolic/diastolic blood pressure <140/80 mm Hg; triglycerides <150 mg/dL; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol <100 mg/dL; and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol >40/50 mg/dL
10.1161/JAHA.116.004324
28546455
PMC5669141
Actigraphy/instrumentation Biomarkers/blood Blood Pressure Cardiovascular Diseases/*ethnology/physiopathology/prevention & control/psychology Cross-Sectional Studies Diabetes Mellitus/*ethnology/physiopathology/psychology *Exercise Female Fitness Trackers Glycated Hemoglobin A/metabolism Health Behavior/*ethnology Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice/ethnology Health Status Hispanic Americans/*psychology Humans Least-Squares Analysis Linear Models Logistic Models Male Middle Aged Odds Ratio Prospective Studies Risk Factors Sedentary Behavior/*ethnology Time Factors Triglycerides/blood United States/epidemiology Hispanic/Latino cardiovascular disease risk factors diabetes mellitus moderate-to-vigorous physical activity sedentary behaviors
Wang X, Strizich G, Hua S, Sotres-Alvarez D, Buelna C, Gallo LC, Gellman MD, Mossavar-Rahmani Y, O'Brien MJ, Stoutenberg M, Wang T, Avilés-Santa ML, Kaplan RC, Qi Q (2017). Objectively Measured Sedentary Time and Cardiovascular Risk Factor Control in US Hispanics/Latinos With Diabetes Mellitus: Results From the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). J Am Heart Assoc, 6(6), . PMC5669141
Journal Article
Changes in bone turnover markers with HIV seroconversion and ART initiation
J Antimicrob Chemother
2017
1-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28175307
Background: Osteoporosis is common among HIV-infected persons and contributes to risk of fragility fracture. While ART initiation is associated with decreases in bone mineral density and increases in bone turnover, the impact of HIV on bone metabolism is unclear. Methods: We identified men at the Chicago site of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study who HIV seroconverted while under observation. Concentrations of 25-OH vitamin D, bone turnover markers [procollagen type 1 N terminal propeptide (P1NP), osteocalcin (OC), C-telopeptide (CTX)] and sclerostin were measured from stored serum obtained at pre-HIV infection, pre-ART and post-ART initiation timepoints. Mixed models, with each biomarker as an outcome, were fitted. Timepoint, age, CD4 count (cells/mm 3 ), HIV-viral suppression, season and an age by timepoint interaction term were considered as fixed effects. Results: Data from 52 participants revealed that median duration between HIV seroconversion and ART initiation was 8.7 years (IQR
10.1093/jac/dkx011
28175307
PMC5890782
Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*adverse effects Biomarkers/blood Bone Density Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/blood *Bone Remodeling Bone and Bones/drug effects/physiology CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Collagen Type I/blood Genetic Markers HIV Infections/drug therapy/immunology/*physiopathology Humans Male Osteocalcin/blood Peptide Fragments/blood Peptides/blood Procollagen/blood Seroconversion
Slama L, Reddy S, Phair J, Palella FJ Jr, Brown TT; Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study group (MACS) (2017). Changes in bone turnover markers with HIV seroconversion and ART initiation. J Antimicrob Chemother, 72(5), 1456-1461. PMC5890782
Journal Article
Exosomes from uninfected cells activate transcription of latent HIV-1
J Biol Chem
2017
8-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28887434
10.1074/jbc.A117.793521
28887434
PMC5592657
Barclay RA, Schwab A, DeMarino C, Akpamagbo Y, Lepene B, Kassaye S, Iordanskiy S, Kashanchi F (2017). Exosomes from uninfected cells activate transcription of latent HIV-1. J Biol Chem, 292(36), 14764. PMC5592657
Journal Article
Sex Differences in Associations of Adiposity Measures and Insulin Resistance in US Hispanic/Latino Youth: The Hispanic Community Children's Health Study/Study of Latino Youth (SOL Youth)
J Clin Endocrinol Metab
2017
1-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27802095
Context: US Hispanic/Latino youth are disproportionally affected by the obesity and diabetes. Objective: We examined associations of adiposity measures with insulin resistance (IR) and hyperglycemia and the influences of sex and pubertal development on these associations. Design, Setting, and Participants: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 1223 8- to 16-year-old Hispanic/Latino youth from a community-based study in the United States (SOL Youth). Main Outcome Measures: We measured IR (>/=75th percentile of sex-specific Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance) and hyperglycemia (fasting glucose >/=100 mg/dL or hemoglobin a1c >/=5.7%). Results: In boys, body mass index (BMI) showed the strongest association with IR [prevalence ratio (PR), 2.10; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.87 to 2.36 per standard deviation], which was not statistically different compared with body fat percentage (%BF) (PR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.81 to 2.29) and waist circumference (WC) (PR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1
10.1210/jc.2016-2279
27802095
PMC5413095
*Adiposity Adolescent Biomarkers/analysis Body Height Body Mass Index Child Cross-Sectional Studies Female Follow-Up Studies Hispanic Americans Humans *Insulin Resistance Male Obesity/*physiopathology Prognosis Prospective Studies Risk Factors Sex Factors Sexual Maturation Waist Circumference
Qi Q, Hua S, Perreira KM, Cai J, Van Horn L, Schneiderman N, Thyagarajan B, Delamater AM, Kaplan RC, Isasi CR (2017). Sex Differences in Associations of Adiposity Measures and Insulin Resistance in US Hispanic/Latino Youth: The Hispanic Community Children's Health Study/Study of Latino Youth (SOL Youth). J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 102(1), 185-194. PMC5413095
Journal Article
HIV-antibody complexes enhance production of type I interferon by plasmacytoid dendritic cells
J Clin Invest
2017
1-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29083319
Type I IFN production is essential for innate control of acute viral infection; however, prolonged high-level IFN production is associated with chronic immune activation in HIV-infected individuals. Although plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) are a primary source of IFN, the mechanisms that regulate IFN levels following the acute phase are unknown. We hypothesized that HIV-specific Ab responses regulate late IFN production. We evaluated the mechanism through which HIV-activated pDCs produce IFN as well as how both monoclonal HIV-specific Abs and Abs produced in natural HIV infection modulated normal pDC sensing of HIV. We found that HIV-induced IFN production required TLR7 signaling, receptor-mediated entry, fusion, and viral uncoating, but not endocytosis or HIV life cycle stages after uncoating. Abs directed against the HIV envelope that do not interfere with CD4 binding markedly enhanced the IFN response, irrespective of their ability to neutralize CD4+ T cell infection. Ab-mediated enhancemen
10.1172/JCI95375
29083319
PMC5707144
Antigen-Antibody Complex/*immunology CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/pathology Dendritic Cells/*immunology/pathology HIV Antibodies/*immunology HIV-1/*immunology Humans Interferon Type I/*immunology Plasma Cells/*immunology/pathology Signal Transduction/immunology Toll-Like Receptor 7/immunology Viral Envelope Proteins/immunology *aids/hiv *Dendritic cells *Immunoglobulins *Inflammation *Innate immunity
Veenhuis RT, Freeman ZT, Korleski J, Cohen LK, Massaccesi G, Tomasi A, Boesch AW, Ackerman ME, Margolick JB, Blankson JN, Chattergoon MA, Cox AL (2017). HIV-antibody complexes enhance production of type I interferon by plasmacytoid dendritic cells. J Clin Invest, 127(12), 4352-4364. PMC5707144
Journal Article
Effects of atorvastatin on biomarkers of immune activation, inflammation, and lipids in virologically suppressed, human immunodeficiency virus-1-infected individuals with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol <130 mg/dL (AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study A5275)
J Clin Lipidol
2017
Jan - Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28391912
BACKGROUND: Persistent immune activation and inflammation in virologically suppressed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are linked to excess cardiovascular risk. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate atorvastatin as a strategy to reduce cardiovascular risk. METHODS: A5275 was a multicenter, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over pilot study of atorvastatin (10 mg/day for 4 weeks then 20 mg/day for 16 weeks) with a planned enrollment of 97 HIV-infected participants >/=18 years old, receiving boosted protease inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy for >/=6 months, with plasma HIV-1 RNAs below limits of quantification >/=180 days, and fasting low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol >/=70 and <130 mg/dL. Primary endpoints were differences of changes ([week 44-week 24]-[week 20-baseline]) in CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocyte activation (% CD38(+)/DR(+)) and plasma levels of IL-6 and D-dimer. Arms were compared using the Wilcoxon rank-sum tests and also summarized chang
10.1016/j.jacl.2016.09.017
28391912
PMC5407297
Adult Atorvastatin/adverse effects/*pharmacology/therapeutic use Biomarkers/blood Cholesterol, LDL/*blood Female HIV Infections/blood/*drug therapy/*immunology HIV-1/*physiology Humans Inflammation/blood Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/blood Lipids/*blood Male Middle Aged Safety *Cardiovascular *hiv *Immune activation *Inflammation *Oxidized LDL *Statin
Nixon DE, Bosch RJ, Chan ES, Funderburg NT, Hodder S, Lake JE, Lederman MM, Klingman KL, Aberg JA; AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study A5275 Team (2017). Effects of atorvastatin on biomarkers of immune activation, inflammation, and lipids in virologically suppressed, human immunodeficiency virus-1-infected individuals with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol <130 mg/dL (AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study A5275). J Clin Lipidol, 11(1), 61-69. PMC5407297
Journal Article
NIHMS821374
Frailty and Cause-Specific Hospitalization Among Persons Aging With HIV Infection and Injection Drug Use
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci
2017
1-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27516622
Background: Hospitalization events exact a substantial toll across the age spectrum. Frailty is associated with all-cause hospitalization among HIV-uninfected adults aged 65 years and older. Limited data exist on the frailty relationship to hospitalization among HIV-infected persons or those aged less than 65 years. Comparative investigation of the frailty relationship to specific classes of hospitalizations has rarely been reported among adults of any age. This study sought to determine the frailty relationship to three distinct classes of hospitalization events among HIV-infected persons and their uninfected counterparts. Methods: Frailty was ascertained semiannually among persons with prior injection drug use using the five Fried phenotypic domains. Hospitalization events were categorized using Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality clinical classification software into chronic, infectious, and nonchronic, noninfectious conditions. Cox proportional hazards models were used to ex
10.1093/gerona/glw142
27516622
PMC6075460
Aged Chronic Disease Female Frail Elderly HIV Infections/*epidemiology Hospitalization/*statistics & numerical data Humans Male Middle Aged Risk Factors Substance Abuse, Intravenous/*epidemiology *Chronic disease *hiv/aids *Infection *Injection drug use
Piggott DA, Muzaale AD, Varadhan R, Mehta SH, Westergaard RP, Brown TT, Patel KV, Walston JD, Leng SX, Kirk GD (2017). Frailty and Cause-Specific Hospitalization Among Persons Aging With HIV Infection and Injection Drug Use. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 72(3), 389-394. PMC6075460
Journal Article
Life begins at 60: Identifying the social support needs of African American women aging with HIV
J Health Care Poor Underserved
2017
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28239009
HIV chronicity has resulted in increased life expectancy for many African American women who acquired the disease during the epidemic's peak years. As these women live longer and age, their social support needs may increase. Five focus groups were conducted in Washington, DC with 23 HIV-positive African American women aged 52-65 to explore women's perceptions about how aging and HIV chronicity affects their social support needs. Participants were recruited from the longitudinal Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) participant pool. A constant comparison approach was applied during data analysis. Participants reported needing increased social support, especially emotional support from health care providers, family, and HIV-positive peers. The importance of providers and HIV-positive peers was discussed most frequently relative to meeting these needs. Health care providers in particular may need to increase their provision of emotional support when devising treatment plans to meet the so
10.1353/hpu.2017.0030
28239009
PMC5329898
African Americans/*psychology Aged Aging/*psychology Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use Female Focus Groups HIV Infections/drug therapy/*psychology Humans Middle Aged Perception Social Stigma *Social Support Socioeconomic Factors Women's Health
Warren-Jeanpiere L, Dillaway H, Hamilton P, Young M, Goparaju L (2017). Life begins at 60: Identifying the social support needs of African American women aging with HIV. J Health Care Poor Underserved, 28(1), 389-405. PMC5329898
Journal Article
CD31, a Valuable Marker to Identify Early and Late Stages of T Cell Differentiation in the Human Thymus
J Immunol
2017
15-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28159903
Although CD31 expression on human thymocytes has been reported, a detailed analysis of CD31 expression at various stages of T cell development in the human thymus is missing. In this study, we provide a global picture of the evolution of CD31 expression from the CD34(+) hematopoietic precursor to the CD45RA(+) mature CD4(+) and CD8(+) single-positive (SP) T cells. Using nine-color flow cytometry, we show that CD31 is highly expressed on CD34(+) progenitors and stays high until the early double-positive stage (CD3(-)CD4(+)CD8alpha(+)beta(-)). After beta-selection, CD31 expression levels become low to undetectable. CD31 expression then increases and peaks on CD3(high)CD4(+)CD8(+) double-positive thymocytes. However, following positive selection, CD31 expression differs dramatically between CD4(+) and CD8(+) lineages: homogeneously high on CD8 SP but lower or negative on CD4 SP cells, including a subset of CD45RA(+)CD31(-) mature CD4(+) thymocytes. CD31 expression on TCRgammadelta thymocy
10.4049/jimmunol.1500350
28159903
PMC5340597
Antigens, CD34/metabolism Biomarkers/*metabolism CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology Cell Differentiation Cells, Cultured Clonal Deletion Clonal Selection, Antigen-Mediated Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism Humans Inducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator Protein/metabolism Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/*metabolism Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism Thymus Gland/*immunology
Douaisi M, Resop RS, Nagasawa M, Craft J, Jamieson BD, Blom B, Uittenbogaart CH (2017). CD31, a Valuable Marker to Identify Early and Late Stages of T Cell Differentiation in the Human Thymus. J Immunol, 198(6), 2310-2319. PMC5340597
Journal Article
Inflammation, Immune Activation, Immunosenescence, and Hormonal Biomarkers in the Frailty-Related Phenotype of Men With or at Risk for HIV Infection
J Infect Dis
2017
15-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27799351
Background: The extent to which inflammation, immune activation/immunosenescence, and hormonal abnormalities are driven by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or frailty is not clear. Methods: HIV-infected frail men (n = 155) were matched to nonfrail, HIV-infected (n = 141) and HIV-uninfected (n = 150) men by age, calendar year, and antiretroviral therapy use (HIV-infected men only). Frailty was defined by >/=3 frailty-related phenotype criteria (weight loss, exhaustion, low activity, slowness) at >/=2 visits, or at 1 visit with >/=1 criteria at >/=2 visits. The following measurements were obtained: interleukin 6, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, soluble receptors for tumor necrosis factor alpha 1 and 2, the percentages of CD4+CD28-, CD8+CD28-, CD4+CD38+HLA-DR+, and CD8+CD38+HLA-DR+ T cells, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, free testosterone, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, and insulin-like growth factor 1. Log-linear regressions were adjusted for a priori selecte
10.1093/infdis/jiw523
27799351
PMC5897840
Adult Biomarkers/*blood HIV Infections/*pathology Hormones/*blood Humans *Immunosenescence *Inflammation *Lymphocyte Activation Male Middle Aged Prospective Studies *hiv *aging *frailty *hormones
Erlandson KM, Ng DK, Jacobson LP, Margolick JB, Dobs AS, Palella FJ Jr, Lake JE, Bui H, Kingsley L, Brown TT (2017). Inflammation, Immune Activation, Immunosenescence, and Hormonal Biomarkers in the Frailty-Related Phenotype of Men With or at Risk for HIV Infection. J Infect Dis, 215(2), 228-237. PMC5897840
Journal Article
Association Between Frailty and Components of the Frailty Phenotype With Modifiable Risk Factors and Antiretroviral Therapy
J Infect Dis
2017
15-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28453849
The impact of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on frailty among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults has not been well described. HIV-infected participants aged >/=40 years with initial ART receipt through a randomized, controlled AIDS Clinical Trials Group trial completed a frailty assessment. Ordinal logistic regression models examined factors associated with frailty. Of 1016 participants, 6% were frail, and 38% were prefrail. Frailty was associated with lower education, older age, Medicare/Medicaid, initial efavirenz, smoking, obesity, and neurocognitive impairment; physical activity and alcohol use were protective. The associations with ART require further investigation, and associations between frailty and modifiable factors provide targets for future interventions.
10.1093/infdis/jix063
28453849
PMC5407051
Aged Aged, 80 and over *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Female Frail Elderly/*statistics & numerical data HIV Infections/*drug therapy Humans Logistic Models Male Middle Aged Phenotype Risk Factors United States Walking Speed Weight Loss *hiv *frail elderly *mobility limitation *muscle strength *antiretroviral therapy
Erlandson KM, Wu K, Koletar SL, Kalayjian RC, Ellis RJ, Taiwo B, Palella FJ Jr, Tassiopoulos K (2017). Association Between Frailty and Components of the Frailty Phenotype With Modifiable Risk Factors and Antiretroviral Therapy. J Infect Dis, 215(6), 933-937. PMC5407051
Journal Article
Association of Macrophage Inflammation Biomarkers With Progression of Subclinical Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis in HIV-Infected Women and Men
J Infect Dis
2017
1-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28199691
Background: Monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages promote atherosclerosis through increased inflammation and vascular remodeling. This may be especially true in chronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Methods: We examined 778 women (74% HIV+) in the Women's Interagency HIV Study and 503 men (65% HIV+) in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study who underwent repeated B-mode carotid artery ultrasound imaging in 2004-2013. We assessed baseline associations of the serum macrophage inflammation markers soluble (s)CD163, sCD14, galectin-3 (Gal-3), and Gal-3 binding protein (Gal-3BP) with carotid plaque formation (focal intima-media thickness >1.5 mm) over 7 years. Results: Marker levels were higher in HIV+ persons versus HIV- persons. Presence of focal plaque increased over time: from 8% to 15% in women, and 24% to 34% in men. After adjustment for demographic, behavioral, and cardiometabolic factors, and CRP and interleukin-6, each standard deviation increase in sCD14 was associ
10.1093/infdis/jix082
28199691
PMC5722037
Adult Biomarkers/*blood/metabolism Carotid Artery Diseases/*blood/*complications/epidemiology/metabolism Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Cohort Studies Disease Progression Female Galectin 3/blood HIV Infections/*complications/epidemiology Humans Inflammation/*blood/metabolism Lipopolysaccharide Receptors/blood Macrophages/*metabolism Male Middle Aged Monocytes Prospective Studies *HIV infection *atherosclerosis *galectin-3 *galectin-3 binding protein *inflammation *intima-media thickness *macrophages *monocytes *soluble CD14 *soluble CD163.
Hanna DB, Lin J, Post WS, Hodis HN, Xue X, Anastos K, Cohen MH, Gange SJ, Haberlen SA, Heath SL, Lazar JM, Liu C, Mack WJ, Ofotokun I, Palella FJ, Tien PC, Witt MD, Landay AL, Kingsley LA, Tracy RP, Kaplan RC (2017). Association of Macrophage Inflammation Biomarkers With Progression of Subclinical Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis in HIV-Infected Women and Men. J Infect Dis, 215(9), 1352-1361. PMC5722037
Journal Article
Monocyte Activation Is Associated With Worse Cognitive Performance in HIV-Infected Women With Virologic Suppression
J Infect Dis
2017
1-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27789726
BACKGROUND: Cognitive impairment persists despite suppression of plasma human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA. Monocyte-related immune activation is a likely mechanism. We examined immune activation and cognition in a cohort of HIV-infected and uninfected women from the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). METHODS: Blood levels of activation markers, soluble CD163 (sCD163), soluble CD14 (sCD14), CRP, IL-6, and a gut microbial translocation marker (intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP)) were measured in 253 women (73% HIV-infected). Markers were compared to concurrent (within +/- one semiannual visit) neuropsychological testing performance. RESULTS: Higher sCD163 levels were associated with worse overall performance and worse verbal learning, verbal memory, executive function, psychomotor speed, and fine motor skills (P < .05 for all comparisons). Higher sCD14 levels were associated with worse verbal learning, verbal memory, executive function, and psychomotor speed (P < .05
10.1093/infdis/jiw506
27789726
PMC5225255
Adult Aged Antigens, CD/blood Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/blood Biomarkers/blood Carrier Proteins/blood Cognition Disorders/*etiology/*immunology/virology Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins/blood Female HIV Infections/*complications/*immunology/virology Humans Interleukin-6/blood LIM Domain Proteins/blood Lipopolysaccharide Receptors/blood Middle Aged Monocytes/*immunology/metabolism Peptide Fragments/blood Prospective Studies Receptors, Cell Surface/blood Viral Load *cd14 *cd163 *HIV infection *cognition disorders *intesticial fatty acid-binding protein (1-19) *women
Imp BM, Rubin LH, Tien PC, Plankey MW, Golub ET, French AL, Valcour VG (2017). Monocyte Activation Is Associated With Worse Cognitive Performance in HIV-Infected Women With Virologic Suppression. J Infect Dis, 215(1), 114-121. PMC5225255
Journal Article
Role of Interleukin 32 in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Reactivation and Its Link to Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Herpes Simplex Virus Coinfection
J Infect Dis
2017
15-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28007920
Background: Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2; herpes) exacerbates human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) by unclear mechanisms. These studies tested the impact of HSV-2 on systemic T-cells and HIV reservoirs. Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HIV-infected women on antiretroviral therapy who were HSV-2 seropositive or seronegative and HIV-uninfected controls were analyzed by flow cytometry. Cell-associated HIV DNA and RNA were quantified in the absence or presence of activating stimuli, recombinant interleukin 32gamma (IL-32gamma), and a RUNX1 inhibitor. RNA was assessed by nanostring. Results: CD4, but not CD8, T-cell phenotypes differed in HIV+/HSV-2+ versus HIV+/HSV-2- (overall P = .002) with increased frequency of CCR5+, CXCR4+, PD-1+, and CD69+ and decreased frequency of CCR10+ and CCR6+ T-cells. The changes were associated with higher HIV DNA. Paradoxically, IL-32, a proinflammatory cytokine, was lower in subpopulations of CD4+ T-cells in HSV-2+ versus HSV-2- w
10.1093/infdis/jiw612
28007920
PMC5388286
Adult CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology Coinfection/virology Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism Cross-Sectional Studies DNA, Viral/isolation & purification Female HIV Infections/*immunology HIV-1/*physiology Herpes Genitalis/*immunology Herpesvirus 2, Human/*physiology Humans Interleukins/antagonists & inhibitors/*immunology Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology Middle Aged RNA, Viral/isolation & purification Recombinant Proteins/metabolism Viral Load Young Adult *cd4+ *HIV reservoirs *Herpes simplex virus *il-32 *human immunodeficiency virus *T cells
Mesquita PMM, Preston-Hurlburt P, Keller MJ, Vudattu N, Espinoza L, Altrich M, Anastos K, Herold KC, Herold BC (2017). Role of Interleukin 32 in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Reactivation and Its Link to Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Herpes Simplex Virus Coinfection. J Infect Dis, 215(4), 614-622. PMC5388286
Journal Article
Comprehensiveness of HIV care provided at global HIV treatment sites in the IeDEA consortium: 2009 and 2014
J Int AIDS Soc
2017
6-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28364561
INTRODUCTION: An important determinant of the effectiveness of HIV treatment programs is the capacity of sites to implement recommended services and identify systematic changes needed to ensure that invested resources translate into improved patient outcomes. We conducted a survey in 2014 of HIV care and treatment sites in the seven regions of the International epidemiologic Database to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) Consortium to evaluate facility characteristics, HIV prevention, care and treatment services provided, laboratory capacity, and trends in the comprehensiveness of care compared to data obtained in the 2009 baseline survey. METHODS: Clinical staff from 262 treatment sites in 45 countries in IeDEA completed a site survey from September 2014 to January 2015, including Asia-Pacific with Australia (n = 50), Latin America and the Caribbean (n = 11), North America (n = 45), Central Africa (n = 17), East Africa (n = 36), Southern Africa (n = 87), and West Africa (n = 16). For the 55 sites
10.7448/IAS.20.1.20933
28364561
PMC5463912
Adolescent Adult Africa Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use Asia Australia CD4 Lymphocyte Count Child Cohort Studies Female Financial Management HIV Infections/*drug therapy/immunology/psychology Humans Male Middle Aged North America Young Adult *hiv *HIV care capacity *comprehensive care *implementation science *laboratory capacity *resource-limited settings *survey
Fritz CQ, Blevins M, Lindegren ML, Wools-Kaloutsian K, Musick BS, Cornell M, Goodwin K, Addison D, Dusingize JC, Messou E, Poda A, Duda SN, McGowan CC, Law MG, Moore RD, Freeman A, Nash D, Wester CW (2017). Comprehensiveness of HIV care provided at global HIV treatment sites in the IeDEA consortium: 2009 and 2014. J Int AIDS Soc, 20(1), 20933. PMC5463912
Journal Article
Pharmacy refill data can be used to predict virologic failure for patients on antiretroviral therapy in Brazil
J Int AIDS Soc
2017
5-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28605172
INTRODUCTION: Pharmacy adherence measures such as pharmacy dispensing ratios (PDRs) have previously been shown to be predictive of virologic outcomes. We aimed to determine the optimal interval of PDR assessment for predicting virologic failure for HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART). METHODS: Using national Brazilian ART pharmacy refill data, we examined PDRs for patients >/=18 years of age with at least one HIV RNA level >/=180 days after ART initiation on or after 1 January 2011. Patients with a documented ART change </=270 days prior to viral load test date were excluded. Logistic regression models were used to describe associations between virologic failure, defined as an HIV RNA level >/=400 copies/mL and PDRs, defined as the number of days index drug dispensed (non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor or protease inhibitor) per 180- and 90-day, interval preceding viral load testing, adjusting for sex, age, race, time since ART initiation and index drug. B
10.7448/IAS.20.1.21405
28605172
PMC5515012
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use Brazil Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy Humans Male Middle Aged *Prescriptions/statistics & numerical data ROC Curve *Treatment Failure Viral Load *Brazil *adherence *antiretroviral therapy *cohort studies *pharmacy refill *viral load
Martin D, Luz PM, Lake JE, Clark JL, Campos DP, Veloso VG, Moreira RI, Cardoso SW, Klausner JD, Grinsztejn B (2017). Pharmacy refill data can be used to predict virologic failure for patients on antiretroviral therapy in Brazil. J Int AIDS Soc, 20(1), 21405. PMC5515012
Journal Article
New Faces of HIV Infection: Age, Race, and Timing of Entry into HIV Care in the Southeastern United States
J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care
2017
Jul/Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28560901
Among younger men who have sex with men (MSM), the incidence of HIV is rising nationally. Of the 281 persons who entered into care at a large HIV clinic in the southeastern United States in 2010 to 2012, 78 (27.8%) were <25 years old at the time of diagnosis. Those in the younger group were more likely than those aged >/=25 to be black (59.0% versus 37.4%), MSM (78.2% versus 55.2%), and to have a longer median time from diagnosis to entry into care (71 versus 53 days; P < .05 each). In adjusted survival analysis, persons of black race were less likely to enter care after diagnosis than those of nonblack race (hazard ratio = 0.75, P = .02). Young MSM represent an important target population for prevention and HIV testing interventions, and there is a need to shorten the time from diagnosis to linkage to care, particularly in persons aged <25 and of black race.
10.1177/2325957417710719
28560901
PMC5810363
Adult African Americans/*statistics & numerical data Age Factors Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use CD4 Lymphocyte Count Female HIV Infections/diagnosis/*drug therapy/*epidemiology/ethnology Homosexuality, Male/*statistics & numerical data Humans Incidence Male Retrospective Studies Risk Factors Southeastern United States/epidemiology Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology *Time-to-Treatment Young Adult *hiv *care continuum *entry into care *race *young adults
Rebeiro PF, Ivey KS, Craig KS, Hulgan T, Huaman MA, Nash R, Raffanti S, Equakun KA, Person AK (2017). New Faces of HIV Infection: Age, Race, and Timing of Entry into HIV Care in the Southeastern United States. J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care, 16(4), 347-352. PMC5810363
Journal Article
NIHMS939956
Frontline Science: CXCR7 mediates CD14(+)CD16(+) monocyte transmigration across the blood brain barrier: a potential therapeutic target for NeuroAIDS
J Leukoc Biol
2017
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28754798
CD14(+)CD16(+) monocytes transmigrate into the CNS of HIV-positive people in response to chemokines elevated in the brains of infected individuals, including CXCL12. Entry of these cells leads to viral reservoirs, neuroinflammation, and neuronal damage. These may eventually lead to HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly improved the lives of HIV-infected people, the prevalence of cognitive deficits remains unchanged despite ART, still affecting >50% of infected individuals. There are no therapies to reduce these deficits or to prevent CNS entry of CD14(+)CD16(+) monocytes. The goal of this study was to determine whether CXCR7, a receptor for CXCL12, is expressed on CD14(+)CD16(+) monocytes and whether a small molecule CXCR7 antagonist (CCX771) can prevent CD14(+)CD16(+) monocyte transmigration into the CNS. We showed for the first time that CXCR7 is on CD14(+)CD16(+) monocytes and that it may be a therapeutic target to reduce th
10.1189/jlb.3HI0517-167R
28754798
PMC5636044
Adult *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Astrocytes/drug effects/immunology/virology Blood-Brain Barrier/immunology/pathology/virology CD4 Lymphocyte Count CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects/immunology/virology Cognitive Dysfunction/drug therapy/immunology/prevention & control/virology Endothelial Cells/drug effects/immunology/virology Female GPI-Linked Proteins/genetics/immunology Gene Expression HIV Infections/drug therapy/immunology/prevention & control/virology HIV-1/drug effects/growth & development Humans Immunologic Factors/*pharmacology Lipopolysaccharide Receptors/genetics/*immunology Male Middle Aged Models, Biological Monocytes/drug effects/immunology/virology Primary Cell Culture Receptors, CXCR/*antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/immunology Receptors, IgG/genetics/*immunology Transendothelial and Transepithelial Migration/*drug effects/genetics/immunology Viral Load/drug effects *ccx771 *CD14+CD16- monocytes *cxcr4 *chemotaxis *human
Veenstra M, Williams DW, Calderon TM, Anastos K, Morgello S, Berman JW (2017). Frontline Science: CXCR7 mediates CD14(+)CD16(+) monocyte transmigration across the blood brain barrier: a potential therapeutic target for NeuroAIDS. J Leukoc Biol, 102(5), 1173-1185. PMC5636044
Journal Article
Dopamine Increases CD14(+)CD16(+) Monocyte Transmigration across the Blood Brain Barrier: Implications for Substance Abuse and HIV Neuropathogenesis
J Neuroimmune Pharmacol
2017
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28133717
In human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV) infected individuals, substance abuse may accelerate the development and/or increase the severity of HIV associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). It is proposed that CD14(+)CD16(+) monocytes mediate HIV entry into the central nervous system (CNS) and that uninfected and infected CD14(+)CD16(+) monocyte transmigration across the blood brain barrier (BBB) contributes to the establishment and propagation of CNS HIV viral reservoirs and chronic neuroinflammation, important factors in the development of HAND. The effects of substance abuse on the frequency of CD14(+)CD16(+) monocytes in the peripheral circulation and on the entry of these cells into the CNS during HIV neuropathogenesis are not known. PBMC from HIV infected individuals were analyzed by flow cytometry and we demonstrate that the frequency of peripheral blood CD14(+)CD16(+) monocytes in HIV infected substance abusers is increased when compared to those without active substance use. Si
10.1007/s11481-017-9726-9
28133717
PMC5406247
Adult Blood-Brain Barrier/drug effects/*metabolism/pathology Cells, Cultured Cohort Studies Dopamine/*metabolism/pharmacology Female HIV Infections/*metabolism/pathology Humans Lipopolysaccharide Receptors/*metabolism Male Middle Aged Monocytes/drug effects/metabolism Receptors, IgG/*metabolism Substance-Related Disorders/*metabolism/pathology Transendothelial and Transepithelial Migration/drug effects/physiology *CD14+CD16+ monocytes *CNS HIV reservoirs *Dopamine *hand *Neuroinflammation *Substance abuse
Calderon TM, Williams DW, Lopez L, Eugenin EA, Cheney L, Gaskill PJ, Veenstra M, Anastos K, Morgello S, Berman JW (2017). Dopamine Increases CD14(+)CD16(+) Monocyte Transmigration across the Blood Brain Barrier: Implications for Substance Abuse and HIV Neuropathogenesis. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol, 12(2), 353-370. PMC5406247
Journal Article
Ghrelin, Amylin, Gastric Inhibitory Peptide and Cognition in Middle-Aged HIV-Infected and Uninfected Women: The Women's Interagency HIV Study
J Neurol Neurophysiol
2017
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28690913
OBJECTIVE: To explore the gut-brain axis by examining gut hormone levels and cognitive test scores in women with (HIV+) and without (HIV-) HIV infection. DESIGN/METHODS: Participants included 356 women (248 HIV+, 108 at risk HIV-) in the Brooklyn Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) with measured levels of ghrelin, amylin and gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP), also known as glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide. Cross-sectional analyses using linear regression models estimated the relationship between gut hormones and Trails A, Trails B, Stroop interference time, Stroop word recall, Stroop color naming and reading, and Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) with consideration for age, HIV infection status, Wide Range Achievement Test score (WRAT), CD4 count, insulin resistance, drug use, and race/ethnicity. RESULTS: Among women at mid-life with chronic (at least 10 years) HIV infection or among those at risk, ghrelin, amylin and GIP were differentially related to cognitive test perf
10.4172/2155-9562.1000413
28690913
PMC5497768
Amylin Cognition Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (GIP) Ghrelin Hiv Middle-aged Obesity Overweight Women
McFarlane SI, Mielke MM, Uglialoro A, Keating SM, Holman S, Minkoff H, Crystal HA, Gustafson DR (2017). Ghrelin, Amylin, Gastric Inhibitory Peptide and Cognition in Middle-Aged HIV-Infected and Uninfected Women: The Women's Interagency HIV Study. J Neurol Neurophysiol, 8(1), . PMC5497768
Journal Article
Association of midlife smoking status with change in processing speed and mental flexibility among HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative older men: the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
J Neurovirol
2017
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27889886
Smoking is a potential risk factor for age-related cognitive decline. To date, no study has examined the association between smoking and cognitive decline in men living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The aim of this present study is to examine whether smoking status and severity in midlife is associated with a rate of decline in cognitive processing speed among older HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative men who have sex with men. Data from 591 older HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative men who have sex with men from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study were examined. All participants had information on smoking history collected before age 50 years and at least 5 years of follow-up after age 50. Smoking history was categorized as never smoker, former smoker, and current smoker and cumulative pack years was calculated. The raw scores of three neuropsychological tests (Trail Making A, Trail Making B, and Symbol Digit Modalities tests) were log transformed (Trail Making A and B) a
10.1007/s13365-016-0496-6
27889886
PMC5663220
Aged Case-Control Studies Cognitive Dysfunction/complications/*diagnosis/physiopathology/virology Cohort Studies HIV Infections/complications/*diagnosis/physiopathology/virology Homosexuality, Male Humans Male Middle Aged Neuropsychological Tests Risk Factors Smoking/*physiopathology *hiv *Neurocognition *Neuropsychological test *Smoking
Akhtar-Khaleel WZ, Cook RL, Shoptaw S, Miller EN, Sacktor N, Surkan PJ, Becker J, Teplin LA, Beyth RJ, Price C, Plankey M (2017). Association of midlife smoking status with change in processing speed and mental flexibility among HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative older men: the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. J Neurovirol, 23(2), 239-249. PMC5663220
Journal Article
Association of long-term patterns of depressive symptoms and attention/executive function among older men with and without human immunodeficiency virus
J Neurovirol
2017
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28429290
Older HIV-infected men are at higher risk for both depression and cognitive impairments, compared to HIV-uninfected men. We evaluated the association between longitudinal patterns of depressive symptoms and attention/executive function in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected men aged 50+ years to understand whether HIV infection influenced the long-term effect of depression on attention/executive function. Responses to the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale and attention/executive function tests (Trail Making Test Part B and Symbol Digit Modalities Test) were collected semiannually from May 1986 to April 2015 in 1611 men. Group-based trajectory models, stratified by HIV status, were used to identify latent patterns of depressive symptoms and attention/executive function across 12 years of follow-up. We identified three depression patterns for HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected men (rare/never 50.0 vs. 60.6%, periodically depressed 29.6 vs. 24.5%, chronic high 20.5 vs.15.0%, resp
10.1007/s13365-017-0527-y
28429290
PMC5623096
Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Attention/*physiology CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cognitive Dysfunction/drug therapy/immunology/*physiopathology/virology Depression/drug therapy/immunology/*physiopathology/virology Executive Function/*physiology HIV Infections/drug therapy/immunology/*physiopathology/virology HIV-1/physiology Homosexuality, Male Humans Longitudinal Studies Male Middle Aged Neuropsychological Tests Viral Load *Aging *Attention/executive function *Depression *Human immunodeficiency virus
Armstrong NM, Surkan PJ, Treisman GJ, Sacktor NC, Irwin MR, Teplin LA, Stall R, Martin EM, Becker JT, Munro C, Levine AJ, Jacobson LP, Abraham AG (2017). Association of long-term patterns of depressive symptoms and attention/executive function among older men with and without human immunodeficiency virus. J Neurovirol, 23(4), 558-567. PMC5623096
Journal Article
Visceral fat is associated with brain structure independent of human immunodeficiency virus infection status
J Neurovirol
2017
Jun-17
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27981440
The combined effects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), obesity, and elevated visceral adipose tissue (VAT) on brain structure are unknown. In a cross-sectional analysis of Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) participants, we determined associations between HIV serostatus, adiposity, and brain structure. Men (133 HIV+, 84 HIV-) in the MACS Cardiovascular 2 and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sub-studies with CT-quantified VAT and whole brain MRI measured within 1 year were assessed. Voxel-based morphometry analyzed brain volumes. Men were stratified by elevated (eVAT, >/=100cm2) or "normal" (nVAT, <100cm2) VAT. Forward stepwise modeling determined associations between clinical and demographic variables and regional brain volumes. eVAT was present in 67% of men. Groups were similar in age and education, but eVAT men were more likely to be HIV+ and have hypertension, diabetes mellitus, body mass index >25 kg/m2, smaller gray and white matter volumes, and larger cerebrospinal fluid
10.1007/s13365-016-0507-7 [doi];10.1007/s13365-016-0507-7 [pii]
27981440
PMC5441960
Adipose Tissue age AIDS analysis Atrophy Baltimore Body Mass Index Brain central nervous system Cerebrospinal Fluid Chicago clinical cohort Cohort Studies cohort study cross-sectional Diabetes Mellitus Education effects health Hiv Human human immunodeficiency virus Hypertension immunodeficiency infection interleukin 6 Interleukin-6 Los Angeles MACS Magnetic Resonance Imaging MRI multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Multivariate Analysis Nervous System neurology Obesity Pittsburgh population psychiatry psychology research Risk Risk Factors serostatus study Temporal Lobe virus
Lake JE, Popov M, Post WS, Palella FJ, Sacktor N, Miller EN, Brown TT, Becker JT (2017). Visceral fat is associated with brain structure independent of human immunodeficiency virus infection status. J Neurovirol, 23(3), 385-393. PMC5441960
Journal Article
Evaluating the accuracy of self-report for the diagnosis of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND): defining "symptomatic" versus "asymptomatic" HAND
J Neurovirol
2017
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27557777
The criteria for differentiating symptomatic from asymptomatic HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder require evaluation of (1) cognitive impairment, (2) daily functioning declines, and (3) whether the functional declines are attributable to cognitive versus physical problems. Many providers rely only on self-report to evaluate these latter criteria. However, the accuracy of patient-provided information may be limited. This study evaluated the validity of self-assessment for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) diagnoses by comparing objective findings with self-report of criteria 2 and 3 above. Self-reports were used to stratify 277 cognitively impaired HIV+ individuals into functionally dependent (n = 159) and independent (n = 118) groups, followed by group comparisons of objective functional problems. The dependent group was then divided into those who self-attributed their functional dependence to only cognitive (n = 80) versus only physical (n = 79) causes, for further co
10.1007/s13365-016-0474-z
27557777
PMC5325815
Activities of Daily Living/*psychology Adult Asymptomatic Diseases Cognition/physiology Cognitive Dysfunction/complications/*diagnosis/physiopathology Disabled Persons/*psychology Female HIV Infections/complications/*diagnosis/physiopathology Humans Male Middle Aged Psychiatric Status Rating Scales *Self Report Severity of Illness Index *aids *Activities of daily living *Cognitive disorders *Etiology *Self-assessment
Obermeit LC, Beltran J, Casaletto KB, Franklin DR, Letendre S, Ellis R, Fennema-Notestine C, Vaida F, Collier AC, Marra CM, Clifford D, Gelman B, Sacktor N, Morgello S, Simpson D, McCutchan JA, Grant I, Heaton RK; CNS HIV Anti-Retroviral Therapy Effects Research (CHARTER) Group (2017). Evaluating the accuracy of self-report for the diagnosis of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND): defining "symptomatic" versus "asymptomatic" HAND. J Neurovirol, 23(1), 67-78. PMC5325815
Journal Article
NIHMS821706
Measurement of Neighborhood Context in an Urban Cohort of HIV-infected or at risk Low-Income Women
J Poverty
2017
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29230088
The study of neighborhood disadvantage and health relies on census socioeconomic data but would benefit from reliable survey measures of factors that influence health within low income communities. The Perceptions of Neighborhood Environment Scale (PNES) was developed for use in the general U.S. population, and its measurement properties in a cohort of low-income urban women living with or at risk for HIV are described. The scale and all but one subscale have good psychometric and ecometric reliability, as well as convergent, construct, and concurrent validity, and are not collinear with household and community area income in low-income urban neighborhoods.
10.1080/10875549.2016.1262933
29230088
PMC5722238
Hiv/aids Hlm gender poverty measurement survey research
Burke-Miller JK, Weber K, Cohn SE, Hershow RC, Sha B, French AL, Cohen MH (2017). Measurement of Neighborhood Context in an Urban Cohort of HIV-infected or at risk Low-Income Women. J Poverty, 21(1), 80-96. PMC5722238
Journal Article
Actigraphic sleep measures and diet quality in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos Sueno ancillary study
J Sleep Res
2017
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28349622
Using a cross-sectional probability sample with actigraphy data and two 24-h dietary recalls, we quantified the association between sleep duration, continuity, variability and timing with the Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 diet quality score and its components in 2140 Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos participants. The Alternative Healthy Eating Index diet quality-2010 score ranges from 0 to 110, with higher scores indicating greater adherence to the dietary guidelines and lower risk from major chronic disease. None of the sleep measures was associated with total caloric intake as assessed using dietary recalls. However, both an increase in sleep duration and sleep efficiency were associated with healthier diet quality. Each standard deviation increase in sleep duration (1.05 h) and sleep efficiency (4.99%) was associated with a 0.30 point increase and 0.28 point increase, respectively, in the total Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 score. The component of Alt
10.1111/jsr.12513
28349622
PMC5617766
*Actigraphy Adult Aged Cross-Sectional Studies Diet/*standards Diet, Healthy Diet, Sodium-Restricted Energy Intake Fabaceae Female Fruit *Hispanic Americans Humans Male Middle Aged Nuts Self Report Sleep/*physiology Time Factors *US minority populations *diet quality assessment *dietary patterns *sleep quality *sleep quantity
Mossavar-Rahmani Y, Weng J, Wang R, Shaw PA, Jung M, Sotres-Alvarez D, Castañeda SF, Gallo LC, Gellman MD, Qi Q, Ramos AR, Reid KJ, Van Horn L, Patel SR (2017). Actigraphic sleep measures and diet quality in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos Sueno ancillary study. J Sleep Res, 26(6), 739-746. PMC5617766
Journal Article
NIHMS848046
Marijuana use and HIV treatment outcomes among PWH receiving care at an urban HIV clinic
J Subst Abuse Treat
2017
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29021107
BACKGROUND: While marijuana use is prevalent among persons with HIV (PWH), few studies have examined the relationship between marijuana use and HIV treatment outcomes independent of alcohol and other drug use. METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study to examine the relationships between frequency of marijuana use and antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence and viral suppression in patients enrolled in the Johns Hopkins HIV Clinical Cohort between September 2013 through November 2015 (N=1377). We categorized marijuana use as no use, none in the last 3months, monthly use or less, weekly/daily. Our outcomes of interest were use of ART, >/=90 ART adherence, and viral suppression (HIV1-RNA<200 copies). We conducted multivariable analyses to examine associations between the frequency of marijuana use and our treatment outcomes, using generalized estimating equations to account for repeated measures. Other independent variables of interest included alcohol use, other drug use, and depr
10.1016/j.jsat.2017.09.009
29021107
PMC5935451
Anti-Retroviral Agents/*therapeutic use Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/virology Humans Male *Marijuana Use *Medication Adherence Middle Aged Prospective Studies Treatment Outcome Urban Population Viral Load/*drug effects *Adherence *hiv *Marijuana *Viral suppression
Sinha S, McCaul ME, Hutton HE, Monroe AK, Alvanzo A, Lesko C, Lau B, Keruly J, Moore RD, Chander G (2017). Marijuana use and HIV treatment outcomes among PWH receiving care at an urban HIV clinic. J Subst Abuse Treat, 82(), 102-106. PMC5935451
Journal Article
NIHMS909089
Correlates of Preexposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Use among Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) in Los Angeles, California
J Urban Health
2017
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28600749
We assessed socio-structural and behavioral correlates of preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV infection among a sample of high-risk HIV-negative men who have sex with men (MSM) in Los Angeles, California. Participants from an ongoing 5-year prospective cohort study investigating the direct impacts of substance use on HIV transmission dynamics were enrolled between February 2015 and January 2017. All men completed a computer-assisted self-interview every 6 months that assessed recent (past 6 months) PrEP use and socio-structural and behavioral factors. Of the total 185 MSM (mean age = 29 years) included in the study, majority were African American (40%) or Hispanic (41%) and reported current health insurance coverage (80%). In multivariable analysis using log-binomial regression, having health insurance coverage [adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) 2.02; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01 to 4.01, p = 0.04] was associated with recent PrEP use. Unstable housing (aPR = 0.44, 95% CI 0.22 to
10.1007/s11524-017-0172-z
28600749
PMC5610125
Adolescent Adult Continental Population Groups HIV Infections/*epidemiology/ethnology/transmission Homosexuality, Male/*statistics & numerical data Humans Los Angeles/epidemiology Male Middle Aged Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis/*statistics & numerical data Prospective Studies Risk-Taking Sexual Behavior/*statistics & numerical data Socioeconomic Factors Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology Young Adult Hiv/aids Men who have sex with men (MSM) Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) Prevention
Okafor CN, Gorbach PM, Ragsdale A, Quinn B, Shoptaw S (2017). Correlates of Preexposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Use among Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) in Los Angeles, California. J Urban Health, 94(5), 710-715. PMC5610125
Journal Article
Cytokines Elevated in HIV Elite Controllers Reduce HIV Replication In Vitro and Modulate HIV Restriction Factor Expression
J Virol
2017
15-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28053103
A subset of HIV-infected individuals termed elite controllers (ECs) maintain CD4(+) T cell counts and control viral replication in the absence of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Systemic cytokine responses may differentiate ECs from subjects with uncontrolled viral replication or from those who require ART to suppress viral replication. We measured 87 cytokines in four groups of women: 73 ECs, 42 with pharmacologically suppressed viremia (ART), 42 with uncontrolled viral replication (noncontrollers [NCs]), and 48 HIV-uninfected (NEG) subjects. Four cytokines were elevated in ECs but not NCs or ART subjects: CCL14, CCL21, CCL27, and XCL1. In addition, median stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) levels were 43% higher in ECs than in NCs. The combination of the five cytokines suppressed R5 and X4 virus replication in resting CD4(+) T cells, and individually SDF-1beta, CCL14, and CCL27 suppressed R5 virus replication, while SDF-1beta, CCL21, and CCL14 suppressed X4 virus replication. Functi
10.1128/JVI.02051-16
28053103
PMC5331794
Adult Antigens, Differentiation/biosynthesis CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/virology Cytokines/*metabolism Female Gene Expression Regulation HIV/*immunology/*physiology HIV Infections/*immunology HIV Long-Term Survivors Humans Membrane Proteins/biosynthesis Middle Aged Plasma/chemistry Receptors, HIV/biosynthesis Virus Replication/*drug effects *hiv *chemokine receptors *cytokines *elite control *restriction factor
Jacobs ES, Keating SM, Abdel-Mohsen M, Gibb SL, Heitman JW, Inglis HC, Martin JN, Zhang J, Kaidarova Z, Deng X, Wu S, Anastos K, Crystal H, Villacres MC, Young M, Greenblatt RM, Landay AL, Gange SJ, Deeks SG, Golub ET, Pillai SK, Norris PJ (2017). Cytokines Elevated in HIV Elite Controllers Reduce HIV Replication In Vitro and Modulate HIV Restriction Factor Expression. J Virol, 91(6), . PMC5331794
Journal Article
HLA-B*14:02-Restricted Env-Specific CD8(+) T-Cell Activity Has Highly Potent Antiviral Efficacy Associated with Immune Control of HIV Infection
J Virol
2017
11/15/2017
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28878089
Immune control of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) infection is typically associated with effective Gag-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses. We here focus on HLA-B*14, which protects against HIV disease progression, but the immunodominant HLA-B*14-restricted anti-HIV response is Env specific (ERYLKDQQL, HLA-B*14-EL9). A subdominant HLA-B*14-restricted response targets Gag (DRYFKTLRA, HLA-B*14-DA9). Using HLA-B*14/peptide-saporin-conjugated tetramers, we show that HLA-B*14-EL9 is substantially more potent at inhibiting viral replication than HLA-B*14-DA9. HLA-B*14-EL9 also has significantly higher functional avidity (P < 0.0001) and drives stronger selection pressure on the virus than HLA-B*14-DA9. However, these differences were HLA-B*14 subtype specific, applying only to HLA-B*14:02 and not to HLA-B*14:01. Furthermore, the HLA-B*14-associated protection against HIV disease progression is significantly greater for HLA-B*14:02 than for HLA-B*14:01, consistent with the superior ant
10.1128/JVI.00544-17
28878089
PMC5660483
Adult AIDS CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes gag Gene Products,Human Immunodeficiency Virus HIV Envelope Protein gp160 HIV Infections Hiv-1 HLA-B14 Antigen Human Humans Immunity,Cellular immunology Inflammation multicenter pathology Peptides study therapy
Leitman EM, Willberg CB, Tsai MH, Chen H, Buus S, Chen F, Riddell L, Haas D, Fellay J, Goedert JJ, Piechocka-Trocha A, Walker BD, Martin J, Deeks S, Wolinsky SM, Martinson J, Martin M, Qi Y, Sáez-Cirión A, Yang OO, Matthews PC, Carrington M, Goulder PJR (2017). HLA-B*14:02-Restricted Env-Specific CD8(+) T-Cell Activity Has Highly Potent Antiviral Efficacy Associated with Immune Control of HIV Infection. J Virol, 91(22), e00544-17. PMC5660483
Journal Article
Human herpesvirus 8 infects and replicates in langerhans cells and interstitial dermal dendritic cells and impairs their function
J Virol
2017
10/15/2017
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28768873
The predominant types of dendritic cells (DC) in the skin and mucosa are Langerhans cells (LC) and interstitial dermal DC (iDDC). LC and iDDC process cutaneous antigens and migrate out of the skin and mucosa to the draining lymph nodes to present antigens to T and B cells. Because of the strategic location of LC and iDDC and the ability of these cells to capture and process pathogens, we hypothesized that they could be infected with human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) (Kaposi's sarcoma [KS]-associated herpesvirus) and have an important role in the development of KS. We have previously shown that HHV-8 enters monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDC) through DC-SIGN, resulting in nonproductive infection. Here we show that LC and iDDC generated from pluripotent cord blood CD34+ cell precursors support productive infection with HHV-8. Anti-DC-SIGN monoclonal antibody (MAb) inhibited HHV-8 infection of iDDC, as shown by low expression levels of viral proteins and DNA. In contrast, blocking of both l
10.1128/JVI.00909-17
28768873
PMC5625489
antagonists & inhibitors Antibodies antibody Antigens Antigens,CD B cells blood CD4+ Cell Adhesion Molecules Cell Differentiation cells Cells,Cultured cytology Dendritic Cells Dna Ephrin-A2 genetics health helper t cell Herpesvirus 8,Human HHV-8 Human human herpesvirus Humans immunology infection Kaposi's sarcoma KS Langerhans Cells Lectins,C-Type Lymph Nodes Lymphocyte Culture Test,Mixed Mannose-Binding Lectins metabolism pathogenesis pathogenicity pathology Pennsylvania physiology Pittsburgh proteins Public Health Receptors,Cell Surface response Role Sarcoma,Kaposi Skin support t cell t-cells T-Lymphocytes,Helper-Inducer Viral Proteins virology virus Virus Replication
Rappocciolo G, Jais M, Piazza PA, DeLucia DC, Jenkins FJ, Rinaldo CR (2017). Human herpesvirus 8 infects and replicates in langerhans cells and interstitial dermal dendritic cells and impairs their function. J Virol, 91(20), . PMC5625489
Journal Article
Effects of Inner Nuclear Membrane Proteins SUN1/UNC-84A and SUN2/UNC-84B on the Early Steps of HIV-1 Infection
J Virol
2017
1-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28747499
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection of dividing and nondividing cells involves regulatory interactions with the nuclear pore complex (NPC), followed by translocation to the nucleus and preferential integration into genomic areas in proximity to the inner nuclear membrane (INM). To identify host proteins that may contribute to these processes, we performed an overexpression screen of known membrane-associated NE proteins. We found that the integral transmembrane proteins SUN1/UNC84A and SUN2/UNC84B are potent or modest inhibitors of HIV-1 infection, respectively, and that suppression corresponds to defects in the accumulation of viral cDNA in the nucleus. While laboratory strains (HIV-1NL4.3 and HIV-1IIIB) are sensitive to SUN1-mediated inhibition, the transmitted founder viruses RHPA and ZM247 are largely resistant. Using chimeric viruses, we identified the HIV-1 capsid (CA) protein as a major determinant of sensitivity to SUN1, and in vitro-assembled capsid-nucleocap
10.1128/JVI.00463-17
28747499
PMC5599759
Active Transport, Cell Nucleus/genetics/physiology CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics Capsid Proteins/*genetics Cell Line DNA, Viral/genetics Gene Silencing HEK293 Cells HIV Infections/*prevention & control/virology HIV-1/immunology/pathogenicity Humans Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics/*metabolism Membrane Proteins/genetics/*metabolism Microtubule-Associated Proteins/genetics/*metabolism Nuclear Envelope/*metabolism Nuclear Pore/metabolism Nuclear Proteins/genetics/*metabolism *ca *hiv-1 *sun1 *sun2 *cyclophilin A *early infection *nuclear envelope *nuclear import *nuclear pore complex *transmitted founder virus
Schaller T, Bulli L, Pollpeter D, Betancor G, Kutzner J, Apolonia L, Herold N, Burk R, Malim MH (2017). Effects of Inner Nuclear Membrane Proteins SUN1/UNC-84A and SUN2/UNC-84B on the Early Steps of HIV-1 Infection. J Virol, 91(19), . PMC5599759
Journal Article
Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Human Endocervical Gamma Delta T Cells
J Vis Exp
2017
6-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28287518
The female reproductive tract (FRT) mucosal immune system serves as the first line of defense. Better knowledge of the genital mucosa is therefore essential for understanding pathogenicity of different pathogens including HIV. Gamma delta (GD) T cells are the prototype of 'unconventional' T cells and represent a relatively small subset of T cells defined by their expression of heterodimeric T-cell receptors (TCRs) composed of gamma and delta chains. This sets them apart from the classical and much better known CD4(+) helper T cells and CD8(+) cytotoxic T cells that are defined by alpha-beta TCRs. GD T cells often show tissue-specific localization and are enriched in epithelium. GD T cells orchestrate immune responses in inflammation, tumor surveillance, infectious disease, and autoimmunity. Here, we present a method to reproducibly isolate and analyze human endocervical intraepithelial GD T lymphocytes. We have used endocervical cytobrush samples from women participating in the Women's
10.3791/55038
28287518
PMC5408621
Adolescent Adult Cervix Uteri/*cytology/immunology Female Flow Cytometry/*methods HIV Infections/immunology Humans Intraepithelial Lymphocytes/*cytology Middle Aged Mucous Membrane/cytology/immunology Young Adult
Strbo N, Romero L, Alcaide M, Fischl M (2017). Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Human Endocervical Gamma Delta T Cells. J Vis Exp, (120), . PMC5408621
Journal Article
Effects of Health Insurance Interruption on Loss of Hypertension Control in Women With and Women Without HIV
J Womens Health (Larchmt)
2017
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28682658
BACKGROUND: Among low-income women with and without HIV, it is a priority to reduce age-related comorbidities, including hypertension and its sequelae. Because consistent health insurance access has been identified as an important factor in controlling many chronic diseases, we estimated the effects of coverage interruption on loss of hypertension control in a cohort of women in the United States. METHODS: We analyzed prospective, longitudinal data from the Women's Interagency HIV Study. HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women were included between 2005 and 2014 when they reported health insurance at consecutive biannual visits and had controlled hypertension, and were followed for any insurance break and loss of hypertension control. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) by Cox proportional hazards regression with inverse-probability-of-treatment-and censoring weights (marginal structural models), and plotted the cumulative incidence of hypertension control loss. RESULTS: Among 890 HIV-infec
10.1089/jwh.2016.6308
28682658
PMC5733655
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use Antihypertensive Agents/economics/*therapeutic use Blood Pressure/*drug effects Female HIV Infections/diagnosis/epidemiology/*therapy Health Services Accessibility/economics/*statistics & numerical data Humans Hypertension/diagnosis/*drug therapy/economics/epidemiology Incidence Insurance Coverage/*statistics & numerical data *Insurance, Health Longitudinal Studies Medicaid/statistics & numerical data Medically Uninsured/*statistics & numerical data Middle Aged Prospective Studies Time Factors Treatment Outcome United States/epidemiology Women's Health *hiv/aids *health insurance *hypertension *women
Edmonds A, Ludema C, Eron JJ Jr, Cole SR, Adedimeji AA, Cohen MH, Cooper HL, Fischl M, Johnson MO, Krause DD, Merenstein D, Milam J, Wilson TE, Adimora AA (2017). Effects of Health Insurance Interruption on Loss of Hypertension Control in Women With and Women Without HIV. J Womens Health (Larchmt), 26(12), 1292-1301. PMC5733655
Journal Article
Effect of ageing on neurocognitive function by stage of HIV infection: evidence from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
Lancet HIV
2017
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28716545
BACKGROUND: The demographics of the HIV epidemic in the USA have shifted towards older age. We aimed to establish the relationship between the processes of ageing and HIV infection in neurocognitive impairment. METHODS: With longitudinal data from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, a long-term prospective cohort study of the natural and treated history of HIV infection among men who have sex with men in the USA, we examined the effect of ageing, HIV infection (by disease stage), and their interaction on five neurocognitive domains: information processing speed, executive function, episodic memory, working memory, and motor function. We controlled for duration of serostatus in a subanalysis, as well as comorbidities and other factors that affect cognition. Analyses were by linear mixed models for longitudinal data. FINDINGS: 5086 participants (47 886 visits) were included in the analytic sample (2278 HIV-seropositive participants contributed 20 477 visits and 2808 HIV-seronegative contr
10.1016/S2352-3018(17)30098-X
28716545
PMC5753579
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*complications/epidemiology/virology Adult *Aging Cohort Studies Executive Function HIV Infections/classification/*complications/epidemiology/virology Humans Male Memory Mental Status and Dementia Tests Middle Aged Neurocognitive Disorders/*etiology/virology Prospective Studies United States/epidemiology
Goodkin K, Miller EN, Cox C, Reynolds S, Becker JT, Martin E, Selnes OA, Ostrow DG, Sacktor NC; Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (2017). Effect of ageing on neurocognitive function by stage of HIV infection: evidence from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Lancet HIV, 4(9), e411-e422. PMC5753579
Journal Article
Transgender Women Living with HIV Frequently Take Antiretroviral Therapy and/or Feminizing Hormone Therapy Differently Than Prescribed Due to Drug-Drug Interaction Concerns
LGBT Health
2017
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28876170
PURPOSE: Both hormone therapy (HT) and antiretroviral therapy (ART) can be lifesaving for transgender women (TW) living with HIV, but each has side effects and potential drug-drug interactions (DDI). We assessed how concerns about HT-ART interactions affect treatment adherence. METHODS: This study used a cross-sectional survey of TW (n = 87) in Los Angeles, CA. RESULTS: Fifty-four percent were living with HIV; 64% used HT. Only 49% of TW living with HIV discussed ART-HT DDI with their provider; 40% reported not taking ART (12%), HT (12%), or both (16%) as directed due to DDI concerns. CONCLUSION: Imperfect HT/ART use and limited provider communication suggests a need for improved HT-ART integration.
10.1089/lgbt.2017.0057
28876170
PMC5661861
Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use Cross-Sectional Studies *Drug Interactions Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy *Hormone Replacement Therapy Humans Los Angeles Male *Medication Adherence/statistics & numerical data Middle Aged Pilot Projects *Transgender Persons *hiv *antiretroviral therapy *health disparities *medication adherence *transgender
Braun HM, Candelario J, Hanlon CL, Segura ER, Clark JL, Currier JS, Lake JE (2017). Transgender Women Living with HIV Frequently Take Antiretroviral Therapy and/or Feminizing Hormone Therapy Differently Than Prescribed Due to Drug-Drug Interaction Concerns. LGBT Health, 4(5), 371-375. PMC5661861
Journal Article
Identification of Antibody Targets for Tuberculosis Serology using High-Density Nucleic Acid Programmable Protein Arrays
Mol Cell Proteomics
2017
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28223349
Better and more diverse biomarkers for the development of simple point-of-care tests for active tuberculosis (TB), a clinically heterogeneous disease, are urgently needed. We generated a proteomic Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) High-Density Nucleic Acid Programmable Protein Array (HD-NAPPA) that used a novel multiplexed strategy for expedited high-throughput screening for antibody responses to the Mtb proteome. We screened sera from HIV uninfected and coinfected TB patients and controls (n = 120) from the US and South Africa (SA) using the multiplex HD-NAPPA for discovery, followed by deconvolution and validation through single protein HD-NAPPA with biologically independent samples (n = 124). We verified the top proteins with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) using the original screening and validation samples (n = 244) and heretofore untested samples (n = 41). We identified 8 proteins with TB biomarker value; four (Rv0054, Rv0831c, Rv2031c and Rv0222) of these were previous
10.1074/mcp.M116.065953
28223349
PMC5393403
Adult Aged Bacterial Proteins/*immunology Biomarkers/blood Coinfection Female HIV Infections/*blood Humans Male Middle Aged Mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology/*metabolism Protein Array Analysis/*methods Proteomics/*methods ROC Curve Serum Bactericidal Antibody Assay/*methods South Africa Tuberculosis/*immunology United States Young Adult
Song L, Wallstrom G, Yu X, Hopper M, Van Duine J, Steel J, Park J, Wiktor P, Kahn P, Brunner A, Wilson D, Jenny-Avital ER, Qiu J, Labaer J, Magee DM, Achkar JM (2017). Identification of Antibody Targets for Tuberculosis Serology using High-Density Nucleic Acid Programmable Protein Arrays. Mol Cell Proteomics, 16(4 suppl 1), S277-S289. PMC5393403
Journal Article
Novel assay reveals a large, inducible, replication-competent HIV-1 reservoir in resting CD4(+) T cells
Nat Med
2017
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28553933
Although antiretroviral therapy can suppress HIV-1 infection to undetectable levels of plasma viremia, integrated latent HIV-1 genomes that encode replication-competent virus persist in resting CD4(+) T cells. This latent HIV-1 reservoir represents a major barrier to a cure. Currently, there are substantial efforts to identify therapeutic approaches that will eliminate or reduce the size of this latent HIV-1 reservoir. In this regard, a sensitive assay that can accurately and rapidly quantify inducible, replication-competent latent HIV-1 from resting CD4(+) T cells is essential for HIV-1 eradication studies. Here we describe a reporter cell-based assay to quantify inducible, replication-competent latent HIV-1. This assay has several advantages over existing technology in that it (i) is sensitive; (ii) requires only a small blood volume; (iii) is faster, less labor intensive, and less expensive; and (iv) can be readily adapted into a high-throughput format. Using this assay, we show tha
10.1038/nm.4347
28553933
PMC5505781
Adult Aged Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*virology DNA, Viral/*analysis Female Fusion Proteins, gag-pol/genetics HIV Infections/drug therapy/*virology HIV-1/*genetics Humans Male Middle Aged RNA, Viral/*analysis Viral Load/*methods Virus Latency
Sanyal A, Mailliard RB, Rinaldo CR, Ratner D, Ding M, Chen Y, Zerbato JM, Giacobbi NS, Venkatachari NJ, Patterson BK, Chargin A, Sluis-Cremer N, Gupta P (2017). Novel assay reveals a large, inducible, replication-competent HIV-1 reservoir in resting CD4(+) T cells. Nat Med, 23(7), 885-889. PMC5505781
Journal Article
HIV-related cognitive decline despite viral suppression and complex confounds in American women
Neurology
2017
10-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28904090
10.1212/WNL.0000000000004503
28904090
AIDS Dementia Complex/drug therapy/epidemiology/psychology Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*methods/trends Cognitive Dysfunction/*drug therapy/*epidemiology/psychology Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*epidemiology/psychology Humans United States/epidemiology Viral Load/drug effects/methods/trends
Cysique LA, Becker JT (2017). HIV-related cognitive decline despite viral suppression and complex confounds in American women. Neurology, 89(15), 1540-1541.
Journal Article
Cognitive trajectories over 4 years among HIV-infected women with optimal viral suppression
Neurology
2017
10-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28904086
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether persistent viral suppression alters cognitive trajectories among HIV-infected (HIV+) women on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) by investigating performance longitudinally in uninfected (HIV-) and 3 groups of HIV+ women: those with consistent viral suppression after continuous cART use (VS), those without consistent virologic suppression despite continuous cART use (NVS), and those without consistent virologic suppression after intermittent cART use (Int NVS). METHODS: Two hundred thirty-nine VS, 220 NVS, 172 Int NVS, and 301 HIV- women from the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) completed neuropsychological testing every 2 years for 3 visits between 2009 and 2013. Mixed-effects regressions were used to examine group differences on continuous T scores and categorical measures of impairment (T score <40). RESULTS: On global function, VS women demonstrated lower scores and were more likely to score in the impaired range than HIV- women (p = 0.01)
10.1212/WNL.0000000000004491
28904086
PMC5634661
Adult Antirheumatic Agents/*therapeutic use CD4 Antigens/blood Cell Count Cognition Disorders/drug therapy/*etiology/virology Drug Therapy, Combination/methods Female HIV Infections/blood/*complications/*drug therapy Humans Longitudinal Studies Middle Aged Neuropsychological Tests Retrospective Studies
Rubin LH, Maki PM, Springer G, Benning L, Anastos K, Gustafson D, Villacres MC, Jiang X, Adimora AA, Waldrop-Valverde D, Vance DE, Bolivar H, Alden C, Martin EM, Valcour VG (2017). Cognitive trajectories over 4 years among HIV-infected women with optimal viral suppression. Neurology, 89(15), 1594-1603. PMC5634661
Journal Article
The Association of Inflammatory Markers With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Differs by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Serostatus
Open Forum Infect Dis
2017
Summer
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28929125
BACKGROUND: We aimed to determine the relationship of circulating adipokines and inflammatory biomarkers with fatty liver among men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. METHODS: Noncontrast computed tomography was used to assess fatty liver and measure abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) area in 526 participants without history of cardiovascular disease, heavy alcohol use, or viral hepatitis infection. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess associations of circulating biomarker levels with fatty liver. RESULTS: Three hundred twenty-nine human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected men had higher levels of several inflammatory biomarkers compared with 197 HIV-uninfected men. Among HIV-uninfected men, increased adiponectin was associated with lower odds of fatty liver (odds ratio [OR] = 0.51 per doubling, P = .02), whereas higher odds of fatty liver was observed with increased levels of the proinflammatory markers intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 (OR = 5.30, P =
10.1093/ofid/ofx153
28929125
PMC5601080
Hiv Nafld adiponectin biomarkers fatty liver
Price JC, Wang R, Seaberg EC, Budoff MJ, Kingsley LA, Palella FJ, Witt MD, Post WS, Thio CL (2017). The Association of Inflammatory Markers With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Differs by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Serostatus. Open Forum Infect Dis, 4(3), ofx153. PMC5601080
Journal Article
Incidence of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Outpatient Study Cohort, 2000-2013
Open Forum Infect Dis
2017
Spring
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28616444
BACKGROUND: There are few recent studies of incident hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients in the United States. METHODS: We studied HIV Outpatient Study (HOPS) participants seen in 9 HIV-specialty clinics who had >/=1 clinical encounter during 2000-2013 and >/=2 HCV-related tests, the first of which was a negative HCV antibody test (Ab). Hepatitis C virus incident cases were identified by first positive HCV Ab, viral load, or genotype. We assessed rates of incident HCV overall, by calendar intervals, and by demographic and HIV risk strata, and we explored risk factors for incident HCV using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: The 1941 eligible patients (median age 40 years, 23% female, 61% men who had sex with men [MSM], and 3% persons who injected drugs [PWID]) experienced 102 (5.3%) incident HCV infections for an overall incidence of 1.07 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.87-1.30) per 100 person-years (py). Hepatitis C viru
10.1093/ofid/ofx076
28616444
PMC5466816
HIV cohort HIV/HCV coinfection hepatitis C incidence risk factors.
Samandari T, Tedaldi E, Armon C, Hart R, Chmiel JS, Brooks JT, Buchacz K; and the HIV Outpatient Study Investigators (2017). Incidence of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Outpatient Study Cohort, 2000-2013. Open Forum Infect Dis, 4(2), ofx076. PMC5466816
Journal Article
Prospective Analysis of Lipid Composition Changes with Antiretroviral Therapy and Immune Activation in Persons Living with HIV
Pathog Immun
2017
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29098203
Background: Lipid profiles are altered by HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy (ART). Among HIV-uninfected (HIV-) populations the concentrations of various lipid classes (ie, lyso-phosphatidylcholine, LPC) and their saturated (SaFA), mono-unsaturated (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) composition are related to cardiometabolic disease risk. Associations between changes in the lipidome and immune activation in HIV-infected (HIV+) individuals beginning ART have not been described. Methods: Plasma lipid concentrations and their fatty acid composition were measured by differential mobility spectroscopy in samples from 35 treatment-naive HIV+ participants beginning raltegravir (RAL)-based ART and from HIV- individuals (n = 13) matched for age and sex. Results: The levels of SaFA, including palmitic (16:0) and stearic (18:0) acid were enriched in HIV+ participants (pre- and post-ART), and SaFA levels were often positively correlated with levels of immune activation (ie, IL-6,
10.20411/pai.v2i3.218
29098203
PMC5663243
antiretroviral therapy fatty acids immune activation lysophosphatidylcholine Inc. M.M.L. has served as a paid consultant for Merck D.R.K. has received consulting and speaking honoraria and grant support from Merck and Gilead. J.E.L. has served as a paid consultant to Gilead and Merck, and has received grant support from Gilead Sciences. For all other authors, no disclosures were declared.
Belury MA, Bowman E, Gabriel J, Snyder B, Kulkarni M, Palettas M, Mo X, Lake JE, Zidar D, Sieg SF, Rodriguez B, Playford MP, Andrade A, Kuritzkes DR, Mehta NN, Lederman MM, Funderburg NT (2017). Prospective Analysis of Lipid Composition Changes with Antiretroviral Therapy and Immune Activation in Persons Living with HIV. Pathog Immun, 2(3), 376-403. PMC5663243
Journal Article
NIHMS911744
Circulating LOXL2 Levels Reflect Severity of Intestinal Fibrosis and GALT CD4(+) T Lymphocyte Depletion in Treated HIV Infection
Pathog Immun
2017
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28782046
BACKGROUND: Incomplete immune reconstitution may occur despite successful antiretroviral therapy (ART). Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) fibrosis may contribute via local CD4(+) T lymphocyte depletion, intestinal barrier disruption, microbial translocation, and immune activation. METHODS: In a cross-sectional analysis, we measured circulating fibrosis biomarker levels on cryopreserved plasma from adult HIV-infected (HIV+) SCOPE study participants on suppressive ART who also had fibrosis quantification on recto-sigmoid biopsies. Relationships among biomarker levels, clinical and demographic variables, GALT lymphoid aggregate (LA) collagen deposition, and LA CD4(+) T lymphocyte density were analyzed using simple regression. Biomarker levels were also compared to levels in HIV+ viremic SCOPE participants and a convenience sample of HIV-uninfected (HIV-) samples. RESULTS: HIV+ aviremic participants (n = 39) were 92% male and 41% non-white, with median age 48 years, CD4(+) T lymphocyte
10.20411/pai.v2i2.180
28782046
PMC5542020
Galt Hiv fibrosis immune reconstitution
Seang S, Somasunderam A, Nigalye M, Somsouk M, Schacker TW, Sanchez JL, Hunt PW, Utay NS, Lake JE (2017). Circulating LOXL2 Levels Reflect Severity of Intestinal Fibrosis and GALT CD4(+) T Lymphocyte Depletion in Treated HIV Infection. Pathog Immun, 2(2), 239-252. PMC5542020
Journal Article
NIHMS889495
Assessment of coronary artery calcium by chest CT compared with EKG-gated cardiac CT in the multicenter AIDS cohort study
PLoS One
2017
2017
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28453572
RATIONALE: Individuals with HIV are at increased risk for coronary artery disease (CAD). Early detection of subclinical CAD by assessment of coronary artery calcium (CAC) may help risk stratify and prevent CAD events in these individuals. However, the current standard to quantify CAC i.e. Agatston scoring requires EKG-gated cardiac CT imaging. OBJECTIVE: To determine if the assessment of CAC using non-EKG-gated chest CT and the Weston scoring system is a useful surrogate for Agatston scores in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected individuals. METHODS AND MEASUREMENTS: CAC was assessed by both the Weston and Agatston score in 108 men enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. RESULTS: Participants were 55.2 (IQR 50.4; 59.9) years old and 62 (57.4%) were seropositive for HIV. Inter-observer agreement (rs = 0.94, kappa = 90.0%, p<0.001, n = 21) and intra-observer agreement (rs = 0.95, kappa = 95.2%, p<0.001, n = 97) for category of Weston score were excellent. Weston scores were associated
10.1371/journal.pone.0176557
28453572
PMC5409142
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnostic imaging/*metabolism Calcium/*metabolism *Cardiac-Gated Imaging Techniques Cohort Studies Coronary Vessels/*diagnostic imaging/*metabolism *Electrocardiography Humans Male Middle Aged Radiography, Thoracic *Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Chandra D, Gupta A, Leader JK, Fitzpatrick M, Kingsley LA, Kleerup E, Haberlen SA, Budoff MJ, Witt M, Post WS, Sciurba FC, Morris A (2017). Assessment of coronary artery calcium by chest CT compared with EKG-gated cardiac CT in the multicenter AIDS cohort study. PLoS One, 12(4), e0176557. PMC5409142
Journal Article
Patterns and rates of viral evolution in HIV-1 subtype B infected females and males
PLoS One
2017
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29045410
Biological sex differences affect the course of HIV infection, with untreated women having lower viral loads compared to their male counterparts but, for a given viral load, women have a higher rate of progression to AIDS. However, the vast majority of data on viral evolution, a process that is clearly impacted by host immunity and could be impacted by sex differences, has been derived from men. We conducted an intensive analysis of HIV-1 gag and env-gp120 evolution taken over the first 6-11 years of infection from 8 Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) participants who had not received combination antiretroviral therapy (ART). This was compared to similar data previously collected from men, with both groups infected with HIV-1 subtype B. Early virus populations in men and women were generally homogenous with no differences in diversity between sexes. No differences in ensuing nucleotide substitution rates were found between the female and male cohorts studied herein. As previously rep
10.1371/journal.pone.0182443
29045410
PMC5646779
Cohort Studies Disease Progression Evolution, Molecular Female Glycosylation HIV Envelope Protein gp120/genetics HIV Infections/genetics/*virology HIV-1/*physiology Humans Likelihood Functions Male Nucleotides/genetics Phylogeny *Sex Characteristics Time Factors gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/metabolism
Dapp MJ, Kober KM, Chen L, Westfall DH, Wong K, Zhao H, Hall BM, Deng W, Sibley T, Ghorai S, Kim K, Chen N, McHugh S, Au L, Cohen M, Anastos K, Mullins JI (2017). Patterns and rates of viral evolution in HIV-1 subtype B infected females and males. PLoS One, 12(10), e0182443. PMC5646779
Journal Article
Drug resistant HIV: Behaviors and characteristics among Los Angeles men who have sex with men with new HIV diagnosis
PLoS One
2017
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28333950
Epidemiology of drug resistant HIV has focused on trends and less attention has been given to identification of factors, especially behaviors including substance use, in acquisition of drug-resistant HIV. From 2009 to 2012 The Metromates Study enrolled and followed for one year men who have sex with men (MSM) seeking testing for HIV in a community clinic in Los Angeles assessing those testing positive for acute and recent HIV infection. Behavioral data were collected via Computer-Assisted Self-Interview from 125 classified as newly HIV infected and 91 as chronically infected (newly HIV-diagnosed); specimens were available and viable for resistance testing for 154 of the 216 HIV positives with new diagnoses. In this community clinic we found prevalence of resistance among MSM with new HIV-diagnosis was 19.5% (n = 30/154) with no difference by recency of HIV infection. Sexual partnership characteristics were associated with resistance; those who reported transgendered sex partners had a
10.1371/journal.pone.0173892
28333950
PMC5363913
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use Drug Resistance, Viral/genetics HIV/*drug effects/genetics HIV Infections/*drug therapy/epidemiology/transmission Homosexuality, Male/*psychology/statistics & numerical data Humans Los Angeles/epidemiology Male Prevalence Risk Factors Sexual Partners/psychology Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology
Gorbach PM, Javanbakht M, Bornfleth L, Bolan RK, Lewis Blum M (2017). Drug resistant HIV: Behaviors and characteristics among Los Angeles men who have sex with men with new HIV diagnosis. PLoS One, 12(3), e0173892. PMC5363913
Journal Article
Characteristics of HIV target CD4 T cells collected using different sampling methods from the genital tract of HIV seronegative women
PLoS One
2017
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28570576
BACKGROUND: Understanding the immune profile of CD4 T cells, the primary targets for HIV, in the female genital tract (FGT) is critical for evaluating and developing effective biomedical HIV prevention strategies in women. However, longitudinal investigation of HIV susceptibility markers expressed by FGT CD4 T cells has been hindered by low cellular yield and risk of sampling-associated trauma. We investigated three minimally invasive FGT sampling methods to characterize and compare CD4 T cell yield and phenotype with the goal of establishing feasible sampling strategies for immune profiling of mucosal CD4 T cells. METHODS AND RESULTS: FGT samples were collected bimonthly from 12 healthy HIV negative women of reproductive age in the following order: 1) Cervicovaginal lavage (CVL), 2) two sequential endocervical flocked swabs (FS), and 3) two sequential endocervical cytobrushes (CB1, CB2). Cells were isolated and phentoyped via flow cytometry. CD4 T cell recovery was highest from each i
10.1371/journal.pone.0178193
28570576
PMC5453484
Adult CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology Female Flow Cytometry Genitalia, Female/*immunology *HIV Seronegativity Humans
Iyer SS, Sabula MJ, Mehta CC, Haddad LB, Brown NL, Amara RR, Ofotokun I, Sheth AN (2017). Characteristics of HIV target CD4 T cells collected using different sampling methods from the genital tract of HIV seronegative women. PLoS One, 12(6), e0178193. PMC5453484
Journal Article
The effect of HIV infection and HCV viremia on inflammatory mediators and hepatic injury-The Women's Interagency HIV Study
PLoS One
2017
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28902848
Hepatitis C virus infection induces inflammation and while it is believed that HIV co-infection enhances this response, HIV control may reduce inflammation and liver fibrosis in resolved or viremic HCV infection. Measurement of systemic biomarkers in co-infection could help define the mechanism of inflammation on fibrosis and determine if HIV control reduces liver pathology. A nested case-control study was performed to explore the relationship of systemic biomarkers of inflammation with liver fibrosis in HCV viremic and/or seropositive women with and without HIV infection. Serum cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and cell adhesion molecules were measured in HIV uninfected (HIV-, n = 18), ART-treated HIV-controlled (ARTc, n = 20), uncontrolled on anti-retroviral therapy (ARTuc, n = 21) and elite HIV controllers (Elite, n = 20). All were HCV seroreactive and had either resolved (HCV RNA-; <50IU/mL) or had chronic HCV infection (HCV RNA+). In HCV and HIV groups, aspartate aminotransfer
10.1371/journal.pone.0181004
28902848
PMC5597129
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/blood/virology Adult Case-Control Studies Coinfection/blood/virology Female HIV Infections/*blood/complications/virology HIV-1/growth & development Hepacivirus/growth & development Hepatitis C/*blood/complications/virology Humans Inflammation Mediators/*blood Liver Cirrhosis/blood/pathology/*virology Middle Aged Viremia/*blood/virology
Keating SM, Dodge JL, Norris PJ, Heitman J, Gange SJ, French AL, Glesby MJ, Edlin BR, Latham PS, Villacres MC, Greenblatt RM, Peters MG (2017). The effect of HIV infection and HCV viremia on inflammatory mediators and hepatic injury-The Women's Interagency HIV Study. PLoS One, 12(9), e0181004. PMC5597129
Journal Article
Urine Eicosanoids in the Metabolic Abnormalities, Telmisartan, and HIV Infection (MATH) Trial
PLoS One
2017
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28118376
OBJECTIVES: Arachidonic acid metabolites (eicosanoids) reflect oxidative stress and vascular health and have been associated with anthropometric measures and sex differences in cross-sectional analyses of HIV-infected (HIV+) persons. Telmisartan is an angiotensin receptor blocker and PPAR-gamma agonist with potential anti-inflammatory and metabolic benefits. We assessed telmisartan's effects on urine eicosanoids among HIV+ adults with central adiposity on suppressive antiretroviral therapy enrolled in a prospective clinical trial. METHODS: Thirty-five HIV+ adults (15 women; 20 men) completed 24 weeks of open-label oral telmisartan 40mg daily. Lumbar computed tomography quantified visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) abdominal adipose tissue. Urine F2-isoprostane (F2-IsoP), prostaglandin E2 (PGE-M), prostacyclin (PGI-M), and thromboxane B2 (TxB-M) were quantified at baseline and 24 weeks using gas/liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Mann-Whitney-U tests compared sub-group differen
10.1371/journal.pone.0170515
28118376
PMC5261803
Adipose Tissue/drug effects Adult Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers/administration & dosage/pharmacology/*therapeutic use Anthropometry Anti-HIV Agents/adverse effects/therapeutic use Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Benzimidazoles/administration & dosage/pharmacology/*therapeutic use Benzoates/administration & dosage/pharmacology/*therapeutic use *Body Fat Distribution Eicosanoids/*urine Female HIV Infections/complications/*drug therapy/urine Humans Inflammation/drug therapy/etiology Lipodystrophy/*drug therapy/etiology Male Middle Aged Oxidative Stress/drug effects Pilot Projects Prospective Studies Sex Factors Telmisartan Waist-Hip Ratio
Le CN, Hulgan T, Tseng CH, Milne GL, Lake JE (2017). Urine Eicosanoids in the Metabolic Abnormalities, Telmisartan, and HIV Infection (MATH) Trial. PLoS One, 12(1), e0170515. PMC5261803
Journal Article
Differences in serum IgA responses to HIV-1 gp41 in elite controllers compared to viral suppressors on highly active antiretroviral therapy
PLoS One
2017
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28671952
Mechanisms responsible for natural control of human immunodeficiency type 1 (HIV) replication in elite controllers (EC) remain incompletely defined. To determine if EC generate high quality HIV-specific IgA responses, we used Western blotting to compare the specificities and frequencies of IgA to HIV antigens in serum of gender-, age- and race-matched EC and aviremic controllers (HC) and viremic noncontrollers (HN) on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Concentrations and avidity of IgA to HIV antigens were measured using ELISA or multiplex assays. Measurements for IgG were performed in parallel. EC were found to have stronger p24- and V1V2-specific IgG responses than HN, but there were no IgG differences for EC and HC. In contrast, IgA in EC serum bound more frequently to gp160 and gag proteins than IgA in HC or HN. The avidity of anti-gp41 IgA was also greater in EC, and these subjects had stronger IgA responses to the gp41 heptad repeat region 1 (HR1), a reported target of
10.1371/journal.pone.0180245
28671952
PMC5495342
Adult Antibody Affinity *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Female HIV Antibodies/biosynthesis HIV Envelope Protein gp41/*immunology HIV Infections/drug therapy/*immunology Humans Immunoglobulin A/*blood Immunoglobulin G/blood Male Middle Aged
Nabi R, Moldoveanu Z, Wei Q, Golub ET, Durkin HG, Greenblatt RM, Herold BC, Nowicki MJ, Kassaye S, Cho MW, Pinter A, Landay AL, Mestecky J, Kozlowski PA (2017). Differences in serum IgA responses to HIV-1 gp41 in elite controllers compared to viral suppressors on highly active antiretroviral therapy. PLoS One, 12(7), e0180245. PMC5495342
Journal Article
HIV Infection Is Associated with Increased Fatty Infiltration of the Thigh Muscle with Aging Independent of Fat Distribution
PLoS One
2017
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28060856
BACKGROUND: Lower muscle density on computed tomography (CT) provides a measure of fatty infiltration of muscle, an aspect of muscle quality that has been associated with metabolic abnormalities, weakness, decreased mobility, and increased fracture risk in older adults. We assessed the cross-sectional relationship between HIV serostatus, age, thigh muscle attenuation, and thigh muscle cross-sectional area (CSA). METHODS: Mean CT-quantified Hounsfield units (HU) of the thigh muscle bundle and CSA were evaluated in 368 HIV-infected and 145 HIV-uninfected men enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) Cardiovascular Substudy using multivariable linear regression. Models all were adjusted for HIV serostatus, age, race, and body mass index (BMI); each model was further adjusted for covariates that differed by HIV serostatus, including insulin resistance, hepatitis C, malignancy, smoking, alcohol use, and self-reported limitation in physical activity. RESULTS: HIV-infected men had
10.1371/journal.pone.0169184
28060856
PMC5218482
Adult Aging/*physiology Body Composition/physiology Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/*metabolism/*physiopathology Humans Lipid Metabolism/physiology Male Middle Aged Muscle, Skeletal/*metabolism Subcutaneous Fat/metabolism Thigh
Natsag J, Erlandson KM, Sellmeyer DE, Haberlen SA, Margolick J, Jacobson LP, Palella FJ Jr, Koletar SL, Lake JE, Post WS, Brown TT (2017). HIV Infection Is Associated with Increased Fatty Infiltration of the Thigh Muscle with Aging Independent of Fat Distribution. PLoS One, 12(1), e0169184. PMC5218482
Journal Article
Genome-wide admixture and association study of subclinical atherosclerosis in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS)
PLoS One
2017
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29206233
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major comorbidity among HIV-infected individuals. Common carotid artery intima-media thickness (cCIMT) is a valid and reliable subclinical measure of atherosclerosis and is known to predict CVD. We performed genome-wide association (GWA) and admixture analysis among 682 HIV-positive and 288 HIV-negative Black, non-Hispanic women from the Women's Interagency HIV study (WIHS) cohort using a combined and stratified analysis approach. We found some suggestive associations but none of the SNPs reached genome-wide statistical significance in our GWAS analysis. The top GWAS SNPs were rs2280828 in the region intergenic to mediator complex subunit 30 and exostosin glycosyltransferase 1 (MED30 | EXT1) among all women, rs2907092 in the catenin delta 2 (CTNND2) gene among HIV-positive women, and rs7529733 in the region intergenic to family with sequence similarity 5, member C and regulator of G-protein signaling 18 (FAM5C | RGS18) genes among HIV-negative women. T
10.1371/journal.pone.0188725
29206233
PMC5714351
African Americans/genetics Atherosclerosis/complications/*genetics Case-Control Studies Cohort Studies Female *Genome-Wide Association Study HIV Infections/*complications Humans
Shendre A, Wiener HW, Irvin MR, Aouizerat BE, Overton ET, Lazar J, Liu C, Hodis HN, Limdi NA, Weber KM, Gange SJ, Zhi D, Floris-Moore MA, Ofotokun I, Qi Q, Hanna DB, Kaplan RC, Shrestha S (2017). Genome-wide admixture and association study of subclinical atherosclerosis in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). PLoS One, 12(12), e0188725. PMC5714351
Journal Article
Targeting physical activity interventions for adults: When should intervention occur?
Prev Med
2017
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28024863
Understanding demographic differences in transitions across physical activity (PA) levels is important for informing PA-promoting interventions, yet few studies have examined these transitions in contemporary multi-ethnic adult populations. We estimated age-, race/ethnicity-, and sex-specific 1-year net transition probabilities (NTPs) for National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2012, n=11,556) and Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (2008-2011, n=15,585) adult participants using novel Markov-type state transition models developed for cross-sectional data. Among populations with ideal PA (>/=150min/week; ranging from 56% (non-Hispanic black females) to 88% (non-Hispanic white males) at age 20), NTPs to intermediate PA (>0-<149min/week) generally increased with age, particularly for non-Hispanic black females for whom a net 0.0% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.0, 0.2) transitioned from ideal to intermediate PA at age 20; by age 70, the NTP rose to 3.6% (95% C
10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.12.036
28024863
PMC5337155
Adult Age Factors Continental Population Groups Cross-Sectional Studies Ethnic Groups/*statistics & numerical data Exercise/*physiology Female Humans Male Middle Aged *Minority Health Nutrition Surveys Sex Factors Minority health Physical activity Population-based planning
Holliday KM, Lin DY, Chakladar S, Castañeda SF, Daviglus ML, Evenson KR, Marquez DX, Qi Q, Shay CM, Sotres-Alvarez D, Vidot DC, Zeng D, Avery CL (2017). Targeting physical activity interventions for adults: When should intervention occur?. Prev Med, 97(), 13-18. PMC5337155
Journal Article
NIHMS841990
A Multi-US City Assessment of Awareness and Uptake of Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV Prevention Among Black Men and Transgender Women Who Have Sex with Men
Prev Sci
2017
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28101813
The HIV epidemic among Black men and transgender women who have sex with men (BMTW) demands an urgent public health response. HIV point prevalence among this population ranges from 25 to 43%-a rate far exceeding any other group. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention is a very promising prevention tool; however, its full potential to slow the epidemic has yet to be realized. For the current study, random time-location sampling at Black Gay Pride Events was used to collect data from N = 1274 BMTW, from five US cities, reporting HIV-negative/unknown status. In-field HIV testing was also provided to participants. Participants were assessed on awareness and use of PrEP, health care factors, HIV testing history, psychosocial variables, and sex behaviors. About one third of participants were aware of PrEP (39%), and a small percentage of participants were users of PrEP (4.6%). In multivariable analyses, being in a relationship, testing for HIV in the past 6 months, and others bei
10.1007/s11121-017-0756-6
28101813
PMC5926200
Adult *African Continental Ancestry Group Female HIV Infections/*prevention & control Humans Male Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis *Sexual Behavior *Transgender Persons United States Young Adult *Black men and transgender women *HIV prevention *Pre-exposure prophylaxis
Eaton LA, Matthews DD, Driffin DD, Bukowski L, Wilson PA, Stall RD; POWER Study Team (2017). A Multi-US City Assessment of Awareness and Uptake of Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV Prevention Among Black Men and Transgender Women Who Have Sex with Men. Prev Sci, 18(5), 505-516. PMC5926200
Journal Article
NIHMS960923
Testing domains of the healing experiences in all life stressors questionnaire in a cohort of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected Chicago women
Psychol Res Behav Manag
2017
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28740439
PURPOSE: Patients may deal with issues of spiritual and religious meaning when coping with life-threatening or chronic illness. Researchers at the National Institutes of Health have developed the healing experiences in all life stressors (HEALS) questionnaire, an assessment to determine psychosocial spiritual adjustment to healing. Many measures assess religious and spiritual behavior, but there exists a need to capture the meaning of these factors in the process of healing. The instrument consists of spirituality, religion, interpersonal, and intrapersonal domains. This study explores the preliminary partial validation of the spirituality and religion domains of the HEALS against the Ironson-Woods Spirituality and Religiousness Index (IWSR). METHODS: The abbreviated HEALS, IWSR, and a measure of depression were completed by 205 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and HIV-uninfected women from Chicago as part of the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Total scores on the HEALS and I
10.2147/PRBM.S129566
28740439
PMC5505676
Hiv construct validity healing life-threatening illness spirituality
Mistretta EG, Sloan D, BrintzenhofeSzoc K, Weber KM, Berger A (2017). Testing domains of the healing experiences in all life stressors questionnaire in a cohort of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected Chicago women. Psychol Res Behav Manag, 10(), 201-208. PMC5505676
Journal Article
Constitutive resistance to viral infection in human CD141(+) dendritic cells
Sci Immunol
2017
7-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28783704
Dendritic cells (DCs) are critical for the launching of protective T cell immunity in response to viral infection. Viruses can directly infect DCs, thereby compromising their viability and suppressing their ability to activate immune responses. How DC function is maintained in light of this paradox is not understood. By analyzing the susceptibility of primary human DC subsets to viral infections, we report that CD141(+) DCs have an innate resistance to infection by a broad range of enveloped viruses, including HIV and influenza virus. In contrast, CD1c(+) DCs are susceptible to infection, which enables viral antigen production but impairs their immune functions and survival. The ability of CD141(+) DCs to resist infection is conferred by RAB15, a vesicle-trafficking protein constitutively expressed in this DC subset. We show that CD141(+) DCs rely on viral antigens produced in bystander cells to launch cross-presentation-driven T cell responses. By dissociating viral infection from ant
10.1126/sciimmunol.aai8071
28783704
PMC5749640
Silvin A, Yu CI, Lahaye X, Imperatore F, Brault JB, Cardinaud S, Becker C, Kwan WH, Conrad C, Maurin M, Goudot C, Marques-Ladeira S, Wang Y, Pascual V, Anguiano E, Albrecht RA, Iannacone M, García-Sastre A, Goud B, Dalod M, Moris A, Merad M, Palucka AK, Manel N (2017). Constitutive resistance to viral infection in human CD141(+) dendritic cells. Sci Immunol, 2(13), . PMC5749640
Journal Article
NIHMS906292
Fine-mapping of genetic loci driving spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus infection
Sci Rep
2017
20-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29158528
Approximately three quarters of acute hepatitis C (HCV) infections evolve to a chronic state, while one quarter are spontaneously cleared. Genetic predispositions strongly contribute to the development of chronicity. We have conducted a genome-wide association study to identify genomic variants underlying HCV spontaneous clearance using ImmunoChip in European and African ancestries. We confirmed two previously reported significant associations, in the IL28B/IFNL4 and the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) regions, with spontaneous clearance in the European population. We further fine-mapped the association in the MHC to a region of about 50 kilo base pairs, down from 1 mega base pairs in the previous study. Additional analyses suggested that the association in MHC is stronger in samples from North America than those from Europe.
10.1038/s41598-017-16011-2
29158528
PMC5696522
Europe Female *Genetic Predisposition to Disease Genome-Wide Association Study Genotype Hepacivirus/genetics/pathogenicity Hepatitis C/*genetics/pathology/virology Humans Interferons Interleukins/*genetics Major Histocompatibility Complex/*genetics Male North America Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics
Huang H, Duggal P, Thio CL, Latanich R, Goedert JJ, Mangia A, Cox AL, Kirk GD, Mehta S, Aneja J, Alric L, Donfield SM, Cramp ME, Khakoo SI, Tobler LH, Busch M, Alexander GJ, Rosen HR, Edlin BR, Segal FP, Lauer GM, Thomas DL, Daly MJ, Chung RT, Kim AY (2017). Fine-mapping of genetic loci driving spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus infection. Sci Rep, 7(1), 15843. PMC5696522
Journal Article
The HIV Genomic Incidence Assay Meets False Recency Rate and Mean Duration of Recency Infection Performance Standards
Sci Rep
2017
7-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28785052
HIV incidence is a primary metric for epidemic surveillance and prevention efficacy assessment. HIV incidence assay performance is evaluated via false recency rate (FRR) and mean duration of recent infection (MDRI). We conducted a meta-analysis of 438 incident and 305 chronic specimens' HIV envelope genes from a diverse global cohort. The genome similarity index (GSI) accurately characterized infection stage across diverse host and viral factors. All except one chronic specimen had GSIs below 0.67, yielding a FRR of 0.33 [0-0.98] %. We modeled the incidence assay biomarker dynamics with a logistic link function assuming individual variabilities in a Beta distribution. The GSI probability density function peaked close to 1 in early infection and 0 around two years post infection, yielding MDRI of 420 [361, 467] days. We tested the assay by newly sequencing 744 envelope genes from 59 specimens of 21 subjects who followed from HIV negative status. Both standardized residuals and Anderson-
10.1038/s41598-017-07490-4
28785052
PMC5547093
Algorithms Cross-Sectional Studies Female Genomics/*methods HIV Infections/*epidemiology/virology HIV-1/*genetics Humans Incidence Sequence Analysis, RNA env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/*genetics
Park SY, Love TMT, Reynell L, Yu C, Kang TM, Anastos K, DeHovitz J, Liu C, Kober KM, Cohen M, Mack WJ, Lee HY (2017). The HIV Genomic Incidence Assay Meets False Recency Rate and Mean Duration of Recency Infection Performance Standards. Sci Rep, 7(1), 7480. PMC5547093
Journal Article
Effect of prolonged freezing of semen on exosome recovery and biologic activity
Sci Rep
2017
24-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28338013
Exosomes are important vehicles of intercellular communication that shape host responses to physiologic, tumorigenic, and pathogenic conditions. The composition and function of exosomes are dynamic and depends on the state and condition of the cellular source. In prior work, we found that semen exosomes (SE) from healthy donors who do not use illicit drugs potently inhibit HIV-1. Following semen donation, specimens are either used immediately or frozen for use at a later time. It has been shown that short-term freezing of semen has no effect on SE-mediated HIV-1 inhibition. However, the effect of illicit drugs and prolonged freezing on SE bioactivity is unknown. Here, we show preservation of SE physical properties, (morphology, concentration, intensity/size) irrespective of illicit drug use or duration of semen freezing. Interestingly, illicit drugs and prolonged freezing decreased the levels of SE-bound CD63/CD9 and acetylcholinesterase activity respectively. Furthermore, we show diff
10.1038/srep45034
28338013
PMC5364471
Cryopreservation/*methods Exosomes/drug effects/*virology HIV-1/pathogenicity Humans Illicit Drugs/pharmacology Male Semen/*cytology/diagnostic imaging/drug effects/metabolism Semen Analysis Tetraspanin 29/genetics/metabolism Tetraspanin 30/genetics/metabolism
Welch JL, Madison MN, Margolick JB, Galvin S, Gupta P, Martínez-Maza O, Dash C, Okeoma CM (2017). Effect of prolonged freezing of semen on exosome recovery and biologic activity. Sci Rep, 7(), 45034. PMC5364471
Journal Article
Inflammatory monocytes expressing tissue factor drive SIV and HIV coagulopathy
Sci Transl Med
2017
30-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28855397
In HIV infection, persistent inflammation despite effective antiretroviral therapy is linked to increased risk of noninfectious chronic complications such as cardiovascular and thromboembolic disease. A better understanding of inflammatory and coagulation pathways in HIV infection is needed to optimize clinical care. Markers of monocyte activation and coagulation independently predict morbidity and mortality associated with non-AIDS events. We identified a specific subset of monocytes that express tissue factor (TF), persist after virological suppression, and trigger the coagulation cascade by activating factor X. This subset of monocytes expressing TF had a distinct gene signature with up-regulated innate immune markers and evidence of robust production of multiple proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and IL-6, ex vivo and in vitro upon lipopolysaccharide stimulation. We validated our findings in a nonhuman primate
10.1126/scitranslmed.aam5441
28855397
PMC5755598
Animals Anti-Retroviral Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use Antibodies, Viral/immunology Blood Coagulation/drug effects Blood Coagulation Disorders/blood/drug therapy/immunology/*pathology Chlorocebus aethiops Chronic Disease Cytokines/metabolism HIV Infections/*blood/drug therapy/immunology/*pathology Humans Inflammation/*pathology Inflammation Mediators/metabolism Lipopolysaccharide Receptors/metabolism Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology Monocytes/*metabolism Receptor, PAR-1/metabolism Signal Transduction Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*blood/drug therapy/immunology/pathology Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/*physiology Thromboplastin/*metabolism
Schechter ME, Andrade BB, He T, Richter GH, Tosh KW, Policicchio BB, Singh A, Raehtz KD, Sheikh V, Ma D, Brocca-Cofano E, Apetrei C, Tracy R, Ribeiro RM, Sher A, Francischetti IMB, Pandrea I, Sereti I (2017). Inflammatory monocytes expressing tissue factor drive SIV and HIV coagulopathy. Sci Transl Med, 9(405), . PMC5755598
Journal Article
NIHMS922901
Relationships between neighbourhood characteristics and current STI status among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women living in the Southern USA: a cross-sectional multilevel analysis
Sex Transm Infect
2017
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28270536
OBJECTIVES: Neighbourhood characteristics (eg, high poverty rates) are associated with STIs among HIV-uninfected women in the USA. However, no multilevel analyses investigating the associations between neighbourhood exposures and STIs have explored these relationships among women living with HIV infection. The objectives of this study were to: (1) examine relationships between neighbourhood characteristics and current STI status and (2) investigate whether the magnitudes and directions of these relationships varied by HIV status in a predominantly HIV-infected cohort of women living in the Southern USA. METHODS: This cross-sectional multilevel analysis tests relationships between census tract characteristics and current STI status using data from 737 women enrolled at the Women's Interagency HIV Study's southern sites (530 HIV-infected and 207 HIV-uninfected women). Administrative data (eg, US Census) described the census tract-level social disorder (eg, violent crime rate) and social
10.1136/sextrans-2016-052889
28270536
PMC5696110
Adult Cross-Sectional Studies Educational Status Female *HIV Seronegativity HIV Seropositivity/*epidemiology Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice Humans Multilevel Analysis Residence Characteristics Sexual Behavior Sexually Transmitted Diseases/*epidemiology/prevention & control/psychology Social Class Southwestern United States/epidemiology *Women's Health *epidemiology (general) *hiv *infectious diseases *sexual health *women
Haley DF, Kramer MR, Adimora AA, Haardörfer R, Wingood GM, Ludema C, Rubtsova A, Hickson DA, Ross Z, Golub E, Bolivar H, Cooper HL (2017). Relationships between neighbourhood characteristics and current STI status among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women living in the Southern USA: a cross-sectional multilevel analysis. Sex Transm Infect, 93(8), 583-589. PMC5696110
Journal Article
Accounting for dropout reason in longitudinal studies with nonignorable dropout
Stat Methods Med Res
2017
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26078357
Dropout is a common problem in longitudinal cohort studies and clinical trials, often raising concerns of nonignorable dropout. Selection, frailty, and mixture models have been proposed to account for potentially nonignorable missingness by relating the longitudinal outcome to time of dropout. In addition, many longitudinal studies encounter multiple types of missing data or reasons for dropout, such as loss to follow-up, disease progression, treatment modifications and death. When clinically distinct dropout reasons are present, it may be preferable to control for both dropout reason and time to gain additional clinical insights. This may be especially interesting when the dropout reason and dropout times differ by the primary exposure variable. We extend a semi-parametric varying-coefficient method for nonignorable dropout to accommodate dropout reason. We apply our method to untreated HIV-infected subjects recruited to the Acute Infection and Early Disease Research Program HIV cohor
10.1177/0962280215590432
26078357
PMC4679750
Adult CD4 Lymphocyte Count CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology Disease Progression Drug Users/statistics & numerical data Follow-Up Studies HIV Infections/drug therapy/immunology Humans *Longitudinal Studies Male Models, Statistical Patient Dropouts/*statistics & numerical data Substance Abuse, Intravenous Time Factors B-spline Hiv/aids dropout longitudinal data nonignorable missing data varying-coefficient model
Moore CM, MaWhinney S, Forster JE, Carlson NE, Allshouse A, Wang X, Routy JP, Conway B, Connick E (2017). Accounting for dropout reason in longitudinal studies with nonignorable dropout. Stat Methods Med Res, 26(4), 1854-1866. PMC4679750
Journal Article
Bayesian quantile regression-based partially linear mixed-effects joint models for longitudinal data with multiple features
Stat Methods Med Res
2017
Sept 22
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28936916
In longitudinal AIDS studies, it is of interest to investigate the relationship between HIV viral load and CD4 cell counts, as well as the complicated time effect. Most of common models to analyze such complex longitudinal data are based on mean-regression, which fails to provide efficient estimates due to outliers and/or heavy tails. Quantile regression-based partially linear mixed-effects models, a special case of semiparametric models enjoying benefits of both parametric and nonparametric models, have the flexibility to monitor the viral dynamics nonparametrically and detect the varying CD4 effects parametrically at different quantiles of viral load. Meanwhile, it is critical to consider various data features of repeated measurements, including left-censoring due to a limit of detection, covariate measurement error, and asymmetric distribution. In this research, we first establish a Bayesian joint models that accounts for all these data features simultaneously in the framework of qu
10.1177/0962280217730852
28936916
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology *Bayes Theorem CD4 Lymphocyte Count Humans Limit of Detection Linear Models Longitudinal Studies Viral Load/immunology *Asymmetric Laplace distribution *Bayesian inference *covariate measurement errors *limit of detection *longitudinal quantile regression *partially linear mixed-effects joint models
Zhang H, Huang Y, Wang W, Chen H, Langland-Orban B. (2017). Bayesian quantile regression-based partially linear mixed-effects joint models for longitudinal data with multiple features. Stat Methods Med Res, 28(2), 569-588.
Journal Article
Syphilis in the Americas: a protocol for a systematic review of syphilis prevalence and incidence in four high-risk groups, 1980-2016
Syst Rev
2017
10-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29017552
BACKGROUND: Syphilis infection has recently resurfaced as a significant public health problem. Although there has been a tremendous amount of research on the epidemiology of syphilis, there has been limited work done to synthesize the extensive body of research and systematically estimate patterns of disease within high-risk groups in the Americas. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to (1) summarize recent patterns of syphilis infection in North and South America among four high-risk groups (MSM, transgender women, sex workers, and incarcerated individuals) from 1980 to 2016, (2) identify and differentiate regional geographic epidemiologic characteristics, and (3) compare the epidemics of the economically developed countries of North America from the developing countries and public health systems of Latin America and the Caribbean. METHODS/DESIGN: Primary studies reporting syphilis prevalence and/or incidence in at least one of the four high-risk groups will be
10.1186/s13643-017-0595-3
29017552
PMC5634900
Americas/epidemiology Developed Countries Developing Countries *Global Health Humans Incidence Prevalence *Prisoners Risk Factors *Sex Workers *Sexual and Gender Minorities Syphilis/*epidemiology/*transmission Systematic Reviews as Topic *Transgender Persons *Incarcerated individuals *Incidence *Men who have sex with men *Meta-analysis *Prevalence *Protocol *Syphilis *Systematic review *Transgender women
Kitayama K, Segura ER, Lake JE, Perez-Brumer AG, Oldenburg CE, Myers BA, Pourjavaheri P, Okorie CN, Cabello RL, Clark JL (2017). Syphilis in the Americas: a protocol for a systematic review of syphilis prevalence and incidence in four high-risk groups, 1980-2016. Syst Rev, 6(1), 195. PMC5634900
Journal Article
6 Gender Roles in U.S. Women with HIV: Intersection with Psychological and Physical Health Outcomes
Women's Empowerment and Global Health: A Twenty-First-Century Agenda
2017
https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/j.ctv1wxrqm?turn_away=true
Women with or at risk for HIV infection often experience gender inequality, tend to be African American or Latina, live in poverty, and have a history of trauma (Amaro and Raj 2000; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2016; Gupta 2000). HIV-infected women in the United States, especially African Americans, demonstrate poorer health outcomes, such as lower rates of virologic suppression and higher rates of morbidity and mortality, than their male counterparts (National Center for Health Statistics 2011). Given these outcomes, it is important to identify the coping strategies that are related to better health outcomes. We are interested in...
Book Section
Higher tenofovir exposure is associated with longitudinal declines in kidney function in women living with HIV
AIDS
2016
20-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26558723
OBJECTIVE: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate is a commonly used antiretroviral drug, but risk factors for tenofovir (TFV)-associated kidney disease are not fully understood. We used intensive pharmacokinetic studies in a cohort of HIV-infected women on TFV-based therapy to study the relationship between TFV exposure and subsequent kidney function. DESIGN: This is a nested study within the Women's Interagency HIV Study, a multicenter, prospective cohort of HIV-infected women. Participants on TFV-based therapy underwent 24-h intensive pharmacokinetic sampling after witnessed dose. Kidney function was measured over the succeeding 7 years by serum creatinine [estimated glomerular filtration rate calculated by serum creatinine (eGFRcr)]. METHODS: Multivariable linear mixed models evaluated the relationship of baseline TFV area under the-time concentration curves (AUCs) with subsequent changes in kidney function. Covariates included age, diabetes, hypertension, race, BMI, ritonavir use, duration
10.1097/QAD.0000000000000958
26558723
PMC4782771
Adult Aged Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage/*adverse effects/pharmacokinetics Creatinine/blood Female Glomerular Filtration Rate/*drug effects HIV Infections/*drug therapy Humans Kidney/*drug effects/physiology Middle Aged Prospective Studies Renal Insufficiency/*chemically induced Tenofovir/administration & dosage/*adverse effects/pharmacokinetics Young Adult
Baxi SM, Scherzer R, Greenblatt RM, Minkoff H, Sharma A, Cohen M, Young MA, Abraham AG, Shlipak MG; Womenʼs Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) (2016). Higher tenofovir exposure is associated with longitudinal declines in kidney function in women living with HIV. AIDS, 30(4), 609-18. PMC4782771
Journal Article
Long-term impact of HIV wasting on physical function
AIDS
2016
28-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26760233
BACKGROUND: The long-term consequences of wasting among HIV-infected persons are not known. DESIGN: HIV-infected men surviving >/=2 years based on Kaplan-Meier analysis after a clinical diagnosis or weight trajectory consistent with wasting and with available physical function assessment data [grip strength, gait speed, and quality of life (QoL)] were matched to HIV-infected and uninfected men without wasting. METHODS: Matching criteria at the functional assessment included age, calendar year, and CD4 T-cell count and plasma HIV-1 RNA (HIV-infected only). Multivariable linear regression analyses adjusted for age, cohort, race, hepatitis C status, and number of comorbid illnesses were used to assess the impact of wasting on subsequent physical function. RESULTS: Among 85 HIV-infected men surviving >/=2 years after wasting, we evaluated physical function outcomes compared with 249 HIV-infected and 338 HIV-uninfected men with no historical wasting. In multivariable regression models, HIV-
10.1097/QAD.0000000000000932
26760233
PMC4712700
Adult HIV Wasting Syndrome/*pathology Humans Male Middle Aged *Motor Activity Prospective Studies
Erlandson KM, Li X, Abraham AG, Margolick JB, Lake JE, Palella FJ Jr, Koletar SL, Brown TT (2016). Long-term impact of HIV wasting on physical function. AIDS, 30(3), 445-54. PMC4712700
Journal Article
Prevalence and predictors of low muscle mass in HIV/viral hepatitis coinfection
AIDS
2016
23-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27490638
OBJECTIVE: Low muscle mass is associated with reduced survival in HIV, possibly mediated by systemic inflammation. Viral hepatitis coinfection can induce additional inflammation and hepatic dysfunction that may exacerbate low muscle mass. We determined the prevalence of and risk factors for low muscle mass in HIV/viral hepatitis coinfection. DESIGN AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study of participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and Women's Interagency HIV Study with anthropometry performed after 1 January 2000. Viral hepatitis defined by positive hepatitis B virus surface antigen and/or hepatitis C virus RNA. Low muscle mass defined as less than 10th percentile of age-matched and sex-matched reference values for mid-upper arm circumference. Using multivariable logistic regression, we determined adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the association of HIV/viral hepatitis coinfection with low muscle mass and factors associated with low muscle mass in coinfe
10.1097/QAD.0000000000001213
27490638
PMC5257196
Adult Anthropometry Coinfection/*pathology Cross-Sectional Studies Female HIV Infections/complications/*pathology Hepatitis B, Chronic/complications/*pathology Hepatitis C, Chronic/complications/*pathology Humans Male Middle Aged Muscular Atrophy/*epidemiology/pathology Prevalence Risk Factors
Gowda C, Brown TT, Compher C, Forde KA, Kostman J, Shaw PA, Tien PC, Lo Re V 3rd (2016). Prevalence and predictors of low muscle mass in HIV/viral hepatitis coinfection. AIDS, 30(16), 2519-2528. PMC5257196
Journal Article
Long-term body composition changes in antiretroviral-treated HIV-infected individuals
AIDS
2016
28-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27662545
OBJECTIVE: Body composition impacts physical function and mortality. We compared long-term body composition changes after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation in HIV-infected individuals to that in HIV-uninfected controls. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. METHODS: We performed dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) approximately 7.5 years after initial DXA in available HIV-infected individuals who received DXAs during the randomized treatment trial AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5202. For controls, we used DXA results from HIV-uninfected participants in the Boston Area Community Health/Bone and Women's Interagency HIV Study cohorts. Repeated measures analyses compared adjusted body composition changes between HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected individuals. Multivariable analyses evaluated factors associated with body composition change in HIV-infected individuals. RESULTS: We obtained DXA results in 97 HIV-infected and 614 HIV-uninfected participants. Compared with controls, HIV-i
10.1097/QAD.0000000000001248
27662545
PMC5101158
Absorptiometry, Photon Adult Anti-Retroviral Agents/*therapeutic use Body Composition/*drug effects Female Follow-Up Studies HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*pathology Humans Male Middle Aged Prospective Studies Young Adult
Grant PM, Kitch D, McComsey GA, Collier AC, Bartali B, Koletar SL, Erlandson KM, Lake JE, Yin MT, Melbourne K, Ha B, Brown TT (2016). Long-term body composition changes in antiretroviral-treated HIV-infected individuals. AIDS, 30(18), 2805-2813. PMC5101158
Journal Article
NIHMS814758
Oxidized lipoproteins are associated with markers of inflammation and immune activation in HIV-1 infection
AIDS
2016
13-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27603288
OBJECTIVE: The pathogenesis of immune dysfunction in chronic HIV-1 infection is unclear, and a potential role for oxidized lipids has been suggested. We hypothesize that both oxidized HDL and LDL (HDLox and LDLox) contribute to HIV-1-related immune dysfunction. STUDY: In the AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5260, 234 HIV-infected antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive participants were randomized to receive tenofovir-emtricitabine and protease inhibitors or raltegravir and had HIV-1 RNA less than 50 copies/ml by week 24 and thereafter. METHODS: Associations between biomarkers of inflammation (IL-6, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and D-dimer), immune activation (sCD163, sCD14, soluble IL-2 receptor, CD38 and HLA-DR), inflammatory monocytes (CD14CD16), T-cell senescence (CD28 and CD57) and exhaustion (PD1), and HDLox, LDLox were assessed at entry and after ART (week 96) with Spearman (partial) correlations. RESULTS: HDLox declined and LDLox increased over 96 weeks of ART. Positive associatio
10.1097/QAD.0000000000001238
27603288
PMC5083154
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use Antigens, CD/analysis Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/methods C-Reactive Protein/analysis Female Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products/analysis HIV Infections/drug therapy/*pathology Humans Inflammation/*pathology Interleukin-6/blood Lipoproteins/*analysis/chemistry Longitudinal Studies Male Monocytes/chemistry/immunology Oxidation-Reduction Prospective Studies Sustained Virologic Response T-Lymphocytes/chemistry/immunology
Kelesidis T, Jackson N, McComsey GA, Wang X, Elashoff D, Dube MP, Brown TT, Yang OO, Stein JH, Currier JS (2016). Oxidized lipoproteins are associated with markers of inflammation and immune activation in HIV-1 infection. AIDS, 30(17), 2625-2633. PMC5083154
Journal Article
NIHMS814764 Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest. Conflicts that the editors consider relevant to the content of the manuscript have been disclosed.
Tenofovir exposure alters associations of serum bicarbonate with chronic kidney disease risk in HIV-infected veterans
AIDS
2016
24-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26760455
OBJECTIVE: Among HIV-infected persons, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) use is associated with higher risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD). Because lower serum bicarbonate concentrations may precede CKD onset, this study investigated the associations between TDF use and bicarbonate concentrations, and between bicarbonate with CKD risk among TDF users and nonusers. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of 16,070 HIV-infected US veterans who initiated antiretroviral therapy between 1997-2011. The association between TDF use with longitudinal bicarbonate concentrations and associations between bicarbonate with incident CKD stratified by TDF use (never, initial, and later user) were evaluated. RESULTS: Compared with TDF users, never users had faster declines in bicarbonate concentrations: change in bicarbonate -0.11 mmol/l per year (95% confidence interval -0.16, -0.05), compared with -0.04 mmol/l per year (-0.06, 0.05) in initial users and -0.02 mmol/l per year (-0.05, 0.01) i
10.1097/QAD.0000000000001023
26760455
PMC4814304
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*adverse effects/*therapeutic use Bicarbonates/*blood HIV Infections/complications/*drug therapy Humans Male Middle Aged Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/*epidemiology Retrospective Studies Risk Assessment Serum/chemistry Tenofovir/*adverse effects/*therapeutic use United States/epidemiology Veterans
Kim JE, Scherzer R, Estrella MM, Ix JH, Shlipak MG (2016). Tenofovir exposure alters associations of serum bicarbonate with chronic kidney disease risk in HIV-infected veterans. AIDS, 30(7), 1049-57. PMC4814304
Journal Article
NIHMS755573
A longitudinal, HIV care continuum: 10-year restricted mean time in each care continuum stage after enrollment in care, by history of IDU
AIDS
2016
10-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27314178
OBJECTIVES: We present a novel, patient-centric, longitudinal summary of patient progress through the HIV care continuum. Using this new approach, we compare person-time spent alive, in care, on antiretroviral therapy (ART), and virally suppressed among people who inject drugs (PWID) and those who do not (non-IDU). DESIGN: Prospective clinical observational cohort study. METHODS: We followed ART-naive patients with detectable HIV viral loads who enrolled in the Johns Hopkins HIV Clinical Cohort from enrollment until the occurrence of several care continuum-related milestones, including ART initiation and viral suppression, and until several care continuum-related failures, including loss to clinic and death. We added and subtracted cumulative incidence curves to estimate the proportion of the cohort in each of seven continuum stages across the 10 years following enrollment in clinical care. RESULTS: PWID composed 32% of the study sample (n = 1443). Over 10 years following enrollment in
10.1097/QAD.0000000000001183
27314178
PMC5063502
Adult *Continuity of Patient Care Female HIV Infections/*diagnosis/*drug therapy/mortality/virology Humans Longitudinal Studies Male Middle Aged Prospective Studies Substance Abuse, Intravenous/complications Survival Analysis Sustained Virologic Response Time Factors
Lesko CR, Edwards JK, Moore RD, Lau B (2016). A longitudinal, HIV care continuum: 10-year restricted mean time in each care continuum stage after enrollment in care, by history of IDU. AIDS, 30(14), 2227-34. PMC5063502
Journal Article
NIHMS816414
Association of injection drug use with incidence of HIV-associated non-AIDS-related morbidity by age, 1995-2014
AIDS
2016
1-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26990627
OBJECTIVE: Incidence of HIV-associated non-AIDS (HANA) related comorbidities is increasing in HIV-infected individuals. Our objective was to estimate the risk of HANA comorbidity associated with history of injection drug use (IDU) correctly accounting for higher death rates among people who inject drugs (PWID). DESIGN: We followed HIV-infected persons aged 25-59 years who enrolled in the Johns Hopkins HIV Clinical Cohort between 1995 and May 2014, from enrollment until HANA comorbidity diagnosis, death, age 60, or administrative censoring. METHODS: We compared cumulative incidence ('risk'), by age, of validated diagnoses of HANA comorbidities among HIV-infected PWID and non-IDU; specifically, we considered end-stage renal disease (ESRD), end-stage liver disease (ESLD), myocardial infarction, stroke, and non-AIDS-defining cancer. We used competing risk methods appropriate to account for death, standardized to the marginal distribution of baseline covariates, and adjusted for potential d
10.1097/QAD.0000000000001087
26990627
PMC4864121
Adult End Stage Liver Disease/*epidemiology Female Follow-Up Studies HIV Infections/*complications Humans Incidence Kidney Failure, Chronic/*epidemiology Male Middle Aged Myocardial Infarction/*epidemiology Neoplasms/*epidemiology Risk Assessment Stroke/*epidemiology Substance Abuse, Intravenous/*complications Survival Analysis
Lesko CR, Moore RD, Tong W, Lau B (2016). Association of injection drug use with incidence of HIV-associated non-AIDS-related morbidity by age, 1995-2014. AIDS, 30(9), 1447-55. PMC4864121
Journal Article
NIHMS775886
Cardiovascular disease risk scores' relationship to subclinical cardiovascular disease among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected men
AIDS
2016
8/24/2016
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27203714
OBJECTIVE: To study cardiovascular disease risk score utility, we compared the association between Framingham Risk Score (FRS)/pooled cohort equation (PCE) categories and coronary artery plaque presence by HIV serostatus and evaluated whether D : A : D risk category more accurately identifies plaque in HIV-infected men. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis within a substudy of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. METHODS: Cardiac computed tomography was performed to assess coronary plaque. We evaluated the association of plaque with increasing cardiovascular disease risk score category, stratified by HIV serostatus, using logistic regression. Receiver operating characteristic curves compared the discrimination of the scores for plaque by HIV serostatus. The sensitivity and specificity of the risk scores were compared in HIV-infected men. RESULTS: The risk score category - plaque associations were stronger among HIV-uninfected men than HIV-infected men, except for noncalcified plaque. For exa
10.1097/QAD.0000000000001163
27203714
PMC4965302
AIDS analysis Baltimore Biomedical Research Calcium Chicago cohort Cohort Studies cohort study cross-sectional Disease epidemiology health high-risk Hiv Illinois infectious diseases Maryland methods microbiology multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Pennsylvania Pittsburgh Prevalence Public Health research Risk Sensitivity and Specificity serostatus study Time
Monroe AK, Haberlen SA, Post WS, Palella FJ Jr, Kinsgley LA, Witt MD, Budoff M, Jacobson LP, Brown TT (2016). Cardiovascular disease risk scores' relationship to subclinical cardiovascular disease among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected men. AIDS, 30(13), 2075-2084. PMC4965302
Journal Article
Time trends in cancer incidence in persons living with HIV/AIDS in the antiretroviral therapy era: 1997-2012
AIDS
2016
17-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27064994
OBJECTIVE: Utilizing the Veterans Aging Cohort Study, the largest HIV cohort in North America, we conducted one of the few comprehensive comparisons of cancer incidence time trends in HIV-infected (HIV+) versus uninfected persons during the antiretroviral therapy (ART) era. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. METHODS: We followed 44 787 HIV+ and 96 852 demographically matched uninfected persons during 1997-2012. We calculated age-, sex-, and race/ethnicity-standardized incidence rates and incidence rate ratios (IRR, HIV+ versus uninfected) over four calendar periods with incidence rate and IRR period trend P values for cancer groupings and specific cancer types. RESULTS: We observed 3714 incident cancer diagnoses in HIV+ and 5760 in uninfected persons. The HIV+ all-cancer crude incidence rate increased between 1997-2000 and 2009-2012 (P trend = 0.0019). However, after standardization, we observed highly significant HIV+ incidence rate declines for all cancer (25% decline; P trend <0.0001
10.1097/QAD.0000000000001112
27064994
PMC4925286
Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Anti-Retroviral Agents/*therapeutic use Female HIV Infections/*complications/*drug therapy Humans Incidence Male Middle Aged Neoplasms/*epidemiology North America/epidemiology Prospective Studies Young Adult
Park LS, Tate JP, Sigel K, Rimland D, Crothers K, Gibert C, Rodriguez-Barradas MC, Goetz MB, Bedimo RJ, Brown ST, Justice AC, Dubrow R (2016). Time trends in cancer incidence in persons living with HIV/AIDS in the antiretroviral therapy era: 1997-2012. AIDS, 30(11), 1795-806. PMC4925286
Journal Article
NIHMS775889
Enhanced liver fibrosis marker as a noninvasive predictor of mortality in HIV/hepatitis C virus-coinfected women from a multicenter study of women with or at risk for HIV
AIDS
2016
13-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26595542
OBJECTIVE: Coinfection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among individuals with HIV. Our objective was to assess the prognostic performance of noninvasive measures of liver fibrosis in predicting all-cause mortality in women with HIV/HCV coinfection. DESIGN: We studied HCV/HIV coinfected women enrolled in the prospective, multicenter Women's Interagency HIV Study. Aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio and FIB-4 were used to identify women without fibrosis at all visits and women who progressed to severe fibrosis. METHODS: Enhanced liver fibrosis (ELF), which utilizes direct measures of fibrosis, hyaluronic acid, procollagen III aminoterminal peptide and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase was performed. RESULTS: Included were 381 women with 2296 ELF measurements, with mean follow-up 8.3 +/- 3.3 years. There were 134 deaths (60% with severe liver fibrosis). Receiver operator characteristic curves at fixed time windows prior to death
10.1097/QAD.0000000000000975
26595542
PMC4802865
Adult Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood Biomarkers/*analysis Coinfection/mortality Female HIV Infections/*complications/*mortality Hepatitis C, Chronic/*complications/*mortality Humans Liver/pathology Liver Cirrhosis/*diagnosis/*pathology Middle Aged Platelet Count Prognosis Prospective Studies Risk Assessment
Peters MG, Bacchetti P, Boylan R, French AL, Tien PC, Plankey MW, Glesby MJ, Augenbraun M, Golub ET, Karim R, Parkes J, Rosenberg W (2016). Enhanced liver fibrosis marker as a noninvasive predictor of mortality in HIV/hepatitis C virus-coinfected women from a multicenter study of women with or at risk for HIV. AIDS, 30(5), 723-9. PMC4802865
Journal Article
Effect of HIV-infection and cumulative viral load on age-related decline in grip strength
AIDS
2016
13-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27603294
OBJECTIVE: Grip strength predicts functional decline and death, and is regarded as a biomarker of biological aging. The primary objective of this manuscript was to assess differences in the rate of decline in grip strength in persons aging with and without HIV. DESIGN: Grip strength was assessed in 1552 (716 HIV+ and 836 HIV-) men aged at least 50 years participating in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study between 2007 and 2014. METHODS: Grip strength decline was modeled longitudinally, adjusting for serostatus, demographics, comorbidities, and conditions. In HIV-specific models, coefficients were included for cumulative viral load and history of AIDS. RESULTS: Grip strength at the age of 50 years averaged 37.9 and 38.2 kg for HIV+ and HIV- men, respectively (P = 0.70). In fully adjusted models, grip strength declined 0.33 kg/year in HIV- men (P < 0.001) and 0.42 kg/year in HIV+ men (P = 0.01). In HIV-stratified models, higher cumulative viral load indicated greater strength decline (-0.8
10.1097/QAD.0000000000001245
27603294
PMC5083134
Aged *Aging HIV Infections/*pathology/*virology *Hand Strength Humans Longitudinal Studies Male Middle Aged *Muscle Strength Surveys and Questionnaires *Viral Load
Schrack JA, Jacobson LP, Althoff KN, Erlandson KM, Jamieson BD, Koletar SL, Phair J, Brown TT, Margolick JB; Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (2016). Effect of HIV-infection and cumulative viral load on age-related decline in grip strength. AIDS, 30(17), 2645-2652. PMC5083134
Journal Article
Associations between antiretroviral use and subclinical coronary atherosclerosis
AIDS
2016
10/23/2016
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27490639
OBJECTIVES: HIV infection is associated with increased prevalence of subclinical coronary plaque. The extent to which such plaque reflects effects of HIV infection or effects of long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART) use remains unclear and was the goal of this analysis. DESIGN AND METHODS: We compared the prevalence and extent of coronary plaque and stenosis between users of specific ART drugs or drug classes using coronary computed tomography (CT) among HIV-infected men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. To account for time-dependent confounders, including cardiovascular disease risk factors and time-varying reasons for using specific treatments, we conducted fully adjusted logistic and linear models with inverse probability of treatment weighting. RESULTS: There were 618 men who underwent noncontrast coronary CT; 450 also underwent coronary CT angiography. At the time of scanning, 81% had undetectable plasma HIV RNA. In fully adjusted models, cumulative use of zidovudine, abacavi
10.1097/QAD.0000000000001220
27490639
PMC5173385
AIDS analysis antiretroviral therapy ART Atherosclerosis Baltimore Biomedical Research Chicago cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Disease drugs effects epidemiology health Hiv HIV infection Illinois infection infectious diseases Linear Models Maryland methods microbiology model multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Pennsylvania Pittsburgh Plasma Prevalence Probability Public Health research Risk Risk Factors Rna study support therapies therapy Time treatment Zidovudine
Thomas GP, Li X, Post WS, Jacobson LP, Witt MD, Brown TT, Kingsley LA, Phair JP, Palella FJ Jr (2016). Associations between antiretroviral use and subclinical coronary atherosclerosis. AIDS, 30(16), 2477-2486. PMC5173385
Journal Article
Trends and Predictors of Cigarette Smoking Among HIV Seropositive and Seronegative Men: The Multicenter Aids Cohort Study
AIDS Behav
2016
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26093780
We measured the trend of cigarette smoking among HIV-seropositive and seronegative men over time from 1984 to 2012. Additionally, we examined the demographic correlates of smoking and smoking consumption. Six thousand and five hundred and seventy seven men who have sex with men (MSM) from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) were asked detailed information about their smoking history since their visit. Prevalence of smoking and quantity smoked was calculated yearly from 1984 to 2012. Poisson regression with robust error variance was used to estimate prevalence ratios of smoking in univariate and multivariate models. In 2012, 11.8 and 36.9 % of men who were enrolled in the MACS before 2001 or during or after 2001 smoked cigarettes, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, black, non-Hispanic, lower education, enrollment wave, alcohol use, and marijuana use were positively associated with current smoking in MSM. HIV serostatus was not significant in the multivariate analysis. Howe
10.1007/s10461-015-1099-6
26093780
PMC4760908
Adult Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology HIV Infections/epidemiology *HIV Seronegativity HIV Seropositivity/*epidemiology Homosexuality, Male/*statistics & numerical data Humans Male Middle Aged Prevalence Prospective Studies Risk Factors Smoking/*epidemiology/*trends United States/epidemiology Young Adult Detection of smoking Hiv Msm Smoking Tobacco
Akhtar-Khaleel WZ, Cook RL, Shoptaw S, Surkan P, Stall R, Beyth RJ, Teplin LA, Plankey M (2016). Trends and Predictors of Cigarette Smoking Among HIV Seropositive and Seronegative Men: The Multicenter Aids Cohort Study. AIDS Behav, 20(3), 622-32. PMC4760908
Journal Article
Long-Term Cigarette Smoking Trajectories Among HIV-Seropositive and Seronegative MSM in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
AIDS Behav
2016
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26922718
To examine the association between demographic characteristics and long-term smoking trajectory group membership among HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative men who have sex with men (MSM). A cohort of 6552 MSM from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study were asked detailed information about their smoking history since their last follow-up. Group-based trajectory modeling was used to examine smoking behavior and identify trajectory group membership. Because participants enrolled after 2001 were more likely to be younger, HIV-seronegative, non-Hispanic black, and have a high school diploma or less, we also assessed time of enrollment in our analysis. Participants were grouped into 4 distinct smoking trajectory groups: persistent nonsmoker (n = 3737 [55.9 %]), persistent light smoker (n = 663 [11.0 %]), heavy smoker to nonsmoker (n = 531 [10.0 %]), and persistent heavy smoker (n = 1604 [23.1 %]). Compared with persistent nonsmokers, persistent heavy smokers were associated with being enrolled
10.1007/s10461-016-1343-8
26922718
PMC4945456
Adolescent Adult Cohort Studies *HIV Seronegativity *HIV Seropositivity Health Promotion *Homosexuality, Male Humans Male Odds Ratio Smoking/*adverse effects *macs *plwh *Smoking *Trajectories
Akhtar-Khaleel WZ, Cook RL, Shoptaw S, Surkan PJ, Teplin LA, Stall R, Beyth RJ, Manini TM, Plankey M (2016). Long-Term Cigarette Smoking Trajectories Among HIV-Seropositive and Seronegative MSM in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. AIDS Behav, 20(8), 1713-21. PMC4945456
Journal Article
Retention in Early Care at an HIV Outpatient Clinic in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2000-2013
AIDS Behav
2016
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26525222
Retention in early HIV care has been associated with virologic suppression and improved survival, but remains understudied in Brazil. We estimated retention in early HIV care for the period 2000-2013, and identified socio-demographic and clinical factors associated with good retention in an urban cohort from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Antiretroviral therapy-naive, HIV-infected persons >/=18 years old linked to care between 2000 and 2011 were included. Retention in the first 2 years post-linkage (i.e. early care) was defined by the proportion of 6-month intervals with >/=1 HIV laboratory result. "Good" retention was defined as >/=1 HIV laboratory result recorded in at least three intervals. Overall, 80 % of participants met criteria for good retention and retention significantly improved over the study period. Older age, higher education level and early antiretroviral therapy initiation were associated with good retention. Efforts to improve retention in early care in this population shoul
10.1007/s10461-015-1235-3
26525222
PMC4840032
Age Factors Ambulatory Care Facilities Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Brazil/epidemiology CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Economics Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy Hiv-1 Humans Male Middle Aged Treatment Outcome Urban Population Viral Load *Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome *Cohort studies *Highly active antiretroviral therapy *Retention *Urban population
Silva DS, De Boni RB, Lake JE, Cardoso SW, Ribeiro S, Moreira RI, Clark JL, Veloso VG, Grinsztejn B, Luz PM (2016). Retention in Early Care at an HIV Outpatient Clinic in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2000-2013. AIDS Behav, 20(5), 1039-48. PMC4840032
Journal Article
NIHMS747253
Neighborhood community characteristics associated with HIV disease outcomes in a cohort of urban women living with HIV
AIDS Care
2016
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27098593
Recent studies have found geographic variations in immune and viral human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease outcomes associated with census measures of neighborhood poverty and segregation. Although readily available, such aggregate census measures are not based on health behavior models and provide limited information regarding neighborhood effect pathways. In contrast, survey-based measures can capture specific aspects of neighborhood disadvantage that may better inform community-based interventions. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the measurement validity of multi-dimensional survey measures of neighborhood disorder compared with census measures as predictors of HIV outcomes in a cohort of 197 low-income women in a major metropolitan area. The multi-dimensional survey measures were related to each other and to census measures of concentrated poverty and racial segregation, but not so highly correlated as to be uniform. We found notable variation between community ar
10.1080/09540121.2016.1173642
27098593
PMC5049499
Adult CD4 Lymphocyte Count *Censuses Environment Design Female Forecasting/methods HIV Infections/*blood/*drug therapy Humans Medication Adherence Middle Aged Models, Statistical Poverty Residence Characteristics/*statistics & numerical data Social Segregation Treatment Outcome Urban Population/*statistics & numerical data Viral Load *hiv/aids *immune function *neighborhoods *urban health *women
Burke-Miller JK, Weber K, Cohn SE, Hershow RC, Sha BE, French AL, Cohen MH (2016). Neighborhood community characteristics associated with HIV disease outcomes in a cohort of urban women living with HIV. AIDS Care, 28(10), 1274-9. PMC5049499
Journal Article
Menstrual cycle phase and single tablet antiretroviral medication adherence in women with HIV
AIDS Care
2016
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26274806
Suboptimal adherence to antiretroviral (ARV) therapy among HIV-infected individuals is associated with increased risk of progression to AIDS and the development of HIV resistance to ARV medications. To examine whether the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle is independently associated with suboptimal adherence to single tablet regimen (STR) ARV medication, data were analyzed from a multicenter cohort study of HIV-infected women who reported regular menstrual cycles and were taking an STR. In a cross-sectional analysis, suboptimal adherence to an STR among women in their follicular phase was compared with suboptimal adherence among women in their luteal phase. In two-way crossover analyses, whereby the same woman was assessed for STR medication adherence in both her follicular and luteal phases, the estimated exact conditional odds of non-adherence to an STR was measured. In adjusted logistic regression analysis of the cross-sectional data (N=327), women with </=12 years of education we
10.1080/09540121.2015.1069787
26274806
PMC4713239
Adult Anti-Retroviral Agents/*therapeutic use Cross-Over Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Female Follicular Phase/physiology/*psychology HIV Infections/*drug therapy/psychology Humans Luteal Phase/metabolism/physiology/*psychology *Medication Adherence Middle Aged Regression Analysis Socioeconomic Factors Tablets/*therapeutic use Young Adult Hiv medication adherence menstrual phase women
Hessol NA, Holman S, Minkoff H, Cohen MH, Golub ET, Kassaye S, Karim R, Sosanya O, Shaheen C, Merhi Z (2016). Menstrual cycle phase and single tablet antiretroviral medication adherence in women with HIV. AIDS Care, 28(1), 21-Nov. PMC4713239
Journal Article
Physical activity levels and perceived benefits and barriers to physical activity in HIV-infected women living in the deep south of the United States
AIDS Care
2016
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27023306
Engaging in regular physical activity (PA) is important in maintaining health and increasing the overall quality of life of people living with HIV (PLWH). The deep south of the USA is known for its high rate of sedentary behavior although data on the activity levels and perceptions of the benefits and barriers to exercise in women living with HIV in the deep south are lacking. Understanding the perceived benefits and barriers to exercise can guide the development of PA interventions. We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the PA levels and perceived benefits and barriers to exercise associated with both age and depression level in a group of HIV+ women living in the deep south. We recruited a total of 50 participants from a cohort site for the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Depression was assessed using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and benefits/barriers to exercise were measured using the Exercise Benefits and Barriers Scale (EBBS). We meas
10.1080/09540121.2016.1164802
27023306
PMC4971578
Actigraphy Adult African Americans/psychology Age Factors Cross-Sectional Studies Depression/complications/*psychology *Exercise Fatigue/etiology Female HIV Infections/complications/*psychology *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice Humans Middle Aged Perception Quality of Life *Sedentary Behavior Southeastern United States Surveys and Questionnaires *Physical activity *depression *exercise barriers *women
Rehm KE, Konkle-Parker D (2016). Physical activity levels and perceived benefits and barriers to physical activity in HIV-infected women living in the deep south of the United States. AIDS Care, 28(9), 1205-10. PMC4971578
Journal Article
Life Lessons from Women with HIV: Mutuality, Self-Awareness, and Self-Efficacy
AIDS Patient Care STDS
2016
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27214648
Women with HIV in the United States cope with multiple traumas that influence adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and well-being. Narrative themes from three life turning points and a projective story task were compared for two groups of women with HIV (HIV well-managed vs. HIV not well-managed, matched on demographics and narrative word count) to understand predictors of successful outcomes. The well-managed group (n = 10) was virally suppressed and reported >/=95% ART adherence; the not well-managed group (n = 10) had detectable viral load and reported <95% ART adherence. Women were predominantly African American with low socioeconomic status and averaged 46.51 years. A three-stage coding process (with coders blind to group status in stages 1 and 2) involved (1) line by line thematic analyses that generated 155 subthemes reflecting six content areas (interpersonal relationships; culture and community; sense of self; relationship to past, present, and future experiences; self-ca
10.1089/apc.2016.0031
27214648
PMC4913488
*Adaptation, Psychological Adult Anti-Retroviral Agents/*administration & dosage Chicago Female HIV Infections/drug therapy/psychology/virology Humans Medication Adherence/*psychology Middle Aged *Perception Self Care *Self Efficacy Socioeconomic Factors United States Viral Load
Brody LR, Jack DC, Bruck-Segal DL, Ruffing EG, Firpo-Perretti YM, Dale SK, Weber KM, Cohen MH (2016). Life Lessons from Women with HIV: Mutuality, Self-Awareness, and Self-Efficacy. AIDS Patient Care STDS, 30(6), 261-73. PMC4913488
Journal Article
Trends in Nonlipid Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Management in the Women's Interagency HIV Study and Association with Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy
AIDS Patient Care STDS
2016
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27749112
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is increasingly common among women with HIV, but literature on nonlipid CVD risk factor management is lacking. We examined semiannual trends from 2006 to 2014 in hypertension treatment and control (blood pressure <140/90 mmHg), diabetes treatment and control (fasting glucose <130 mg/dL), and smoking quit rates in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Unadjusted and adjusted Poisson regression models tested time trends and differences between HIV+ and HIV- women. Among antiretroviral therapy (ART) users, we examined the association of ART adherence and virologic suppression with each outcome. We evaluated 1636 HIV+ and 683 HIV- women, with a hypertension prevalence of 40% and 38%, respectively; diabetes prevalence of 21% and 22%; and smoking prevalence of 37% and 48%. Hypertension treatment was higher among HIV+ than HIV- women (77% vs. 67%, p < 0.001) and increased over time with no difference in trend by HIV status. Hypertension control was greater among HIV+
10.1089/apc.2016.0143
27749112
PMC5069716
Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*psychology Biomarkers/blood Blood Glucose/metabolism Blood Pressure Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*complications/epidemiology Fasting/blood Female HIV Infections/complications/*drug therapy/epidemiology/psychology Humans Hypertension/*complications/epidemiology Longitudinal Studies Medication Adherence/*statistics & numerical data Middle Aged Prevalence Risk Factors Smoking/*adverse effects/epidemiology Smoking Cessation/statistics & numerical data Treatment Outcome United States/epidemiology Viral Load *HIV-1 viral load *antiretroviral therapy *cardiovascular disease *diabetes mellitus *hypertension *smoking
Hanna DB, Jung M, Xue X, Anastos K, Cocohoba JM, Cohen MH, Golub ET, Hessol NA, Levine AM, Wilson TE, Young MA, Kaplan RC (2016). Trends in Nonlipid Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Management in the Women's Interagency HIV Study and Association with Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy. AIDS Patient Care STDS, 30(10), 445-454. PMC5069716
Journal Article
Effects of 96 Weeks of Rosuvastatin on Bone, Muscle, and Fat in HIV-Infected Adults on Effective Antiretroviral Therapy
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2016
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26477698
Heightened inflammation and immune activation are associated with lower bone mineral density (BMD) and lean body mass (LBM) among HIV-infected persons. We hypothesized that a reduction in inflammation with rosuvastatin would be associated with improvements in BMD and LBM. HIV-infected participants on stable antiretroviral therapy without statin indication and with heightened immune activation (>/=19% CD8(+)CD38(+)HLA-DR(+) T cells) or inflammation (hsCRP >/=2 mg/liter) were randomized to rosuvastatin 10 mg daily or placebo for 96 weeks. Among 72 participants randomized to rosuvastatin and 75 to placebo, there were no significant differences in the relative changes in BMD (p > 0.29) or in fat (p >/= 0.19). A trend toward increased LBM (p = 0.059) was seen in the rosuvastatin arm without differences in creatinine kinase or self-reported physical activity (p >/= 0.10). In a multivariable regression model, rosuvastatin was associated with a significant positive effect on LBM after adjustin
10.1089/AID.2015.0191
26477698
PMC4817594
Adipose Tissue/pathology Adolescent Adult Anti-Retroviral Agents/*therapeutic use Anticholesteremic Agents/*therapeutic use Bone and Bones/pathology Double-Blind Method Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*pathology Humans Inflammation/*pathology Male Middle Aged Muscles/pathology Placebos/administration & dosage Rosuvastatin Calcium/*therapeutic use Treatment Outcome Young Adult
Erlandson KM, Jiang Y, Debanne SM, McComsey GA (2016). Effects of 96 Weeks of Rosuvastatin on Bone, Muscle, and Fat in HIV-Infected Adults on Effective Antiretroviral Therapy. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 32(4), 311-6. PMC4817594
Journal Article
Increased Antiretroviral Therapy Use and Virologic Suppression in the Bronx in the Context of Multiple HIV Prevention Strategies
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2016
Oct/Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26892622
Multiple population-based HIV prevention strategies from national, state, local, and institutional levels have been implemented in the Bronx, which has one of the highest HIV prevalences in the U.S. We examined changes in antiretroviral therapy (ART) use and associated outcomes between 2007 and 2014 among patients seen at one of >20 outpatient clinics affiliated with the largest Bronx HIV care provider. Among eligible HIV-infected patients age >/=13 years, we examined annual trends in ART use, mean HIV RNA level, and virologic suppression (<200 copies/ml) overall and among prespecified subgroups. In a subset with suppressed HIV RNA at the end of each year, we determined the percentage whose levels remained suppressed within the next year. Regression models assessed disparities in outcomes. Among 7,196 patients (median age 50, 47% Hispanic, 45% black), we identified consistent increases over time in the percent prescribed ART (78% in 2007 to 93% in 2014) and with virologic suppression (
10.1089/AID.2015.0345
26892622
PMC5067794
Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Anti-Retroviral Agents/*therapeutic use Disease Transmission, Infectious/*prevention & control *Drug Utilization Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*prevention & control Humans Male Middle Aged New York City RNA, Viral/blood *Sustained Virologic Response *Viral Load Young Adult *HIV prevention *HIV viral load *antiretroviral therapy *community viral load *test-and-treat *young adult unrestricted educational grants from Gilead. K.A. reports advisory board membership within the last 3 years for Bristol-Myers Squibb. The remaining authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Hanna DB, Felsen UR, Ginsberg MS, Zingman BS, Beil RS, Futterman DC, Strickler HD, Anastos K (2016). Increased Antiretroviral Therapy Use and Virologic Suppression in the Bronx in the Context of Multiple HIV Prevention Strategies. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 32(11-Oct), 955-963. PMC5067794
Journal Article
Vitamin D Levels and Markers of Inflammation and Metabolism in HIV-Infected Individuals on Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2016
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26569649
Data on vitamin D insufficiency as a cause of inflammation and metabolic dysfunction in HIV-infected individuals are conflicting. We examined the relationships between levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and biomarkers of inflammation and metabolism in stored blood samples from a prospective trial of vitamin D repletion. Blood samples from HIV-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART) with HIV-1 RNA <200 copies/ml enrolled in a prospective study were analyzed for 25(OH)D levels, a broad panel of cytokines, highly sensitive C-reactive protein, D-dimer, adiponectin, leptin, and insulin. Correlations between markers and 25(OH)D levels were determined. The Wilcoxon Rank Sum test was used to compare markers between individuals 25(OH)D insufficient and sufficient at baseline and before and after repletion among those who were insufficient and repleted to >/=30 ng/ml after 12 weeks. Of 106 subjects with stored plasma [66 with 25(OH)D <30 ng/ml and 40 >/= 30 ng/ml], the median a
10.1089/aid.2015.0200
26569649
PMC4779972
Adult Anti-Retroviral Agents/*therapeutic use Biomarkers/*blood CD4 Lymphocyte Count Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*pathology Humans Inflammation/*pathology Male Middle Aged Plasma/chemistry Prospective Studies Vitamin D/*blood
Hoffman RM, Lake JE, Wilhalme HM, Tseng CH, Currier JS (2016). Vitamin D Levels and Markers of Inflammation and Metabolism in HIV-Infected Individuals on Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 32(3), 247-54. PMC4779972
Journal Article
Rising Obesity Prevalence and Weight Gain Among Adults Starting Antiretroviral Therapy in the United States and Canada
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2016
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26352511
The proportion of overweight and obese adults in the United States and Canada has increased over the past decade, but temporal trends in body mass index (BMI) and weight gain on antiretroviral therapy (ART) among HIV-infected adults have not been well characterized. We conducted a cohort study comparing HIV-infected adults in the North America AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD) to United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) controls matched by sex, race, and age over the period 1998 to 2010. Multivariable linear regression assessed the relationship between BMI and year of ART initiation, adjusting for sex, race, age, and baseline CD4(+) count. Temporal trends in weight on ART were assessed using a generalized least-squares model further adjusted for HIV-1 RNA and first ART regimen class. A total of 14,084 patients from 17 cohorts contributed data; 83% were male, 57% were nonwhite, and the median age was 40 years. Median BMI at ART i
10.1089/aid.2015.0147
26352511
PMC4692122
Adult African Continental Ancestry Group Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Body Mass Index CD4 Lymphocyte Count Canada/epidemiology Cohort Studies European Continental Ancestry Group Female HIV Infections/complications/drug therapy/*epidemiology/virology HIV-1/physiology Humans Male Middle Aged Nutrition Surveys Obesity/complications/drug therapy/*epidemiology/virology Prevalence Risk Factors United States/epidemiology Weight Gain
Koethe JR, Jenkins CA, Lau B, Shepherd BE, Justice AC, Tate JP, Buchacz K, Napravnik S, Mayor AM, Horberg MA, Blashill AJ, Willig A, Wester CW, Silverberg MJ, Gill J, Thorne JE, Klein M, Eron JJ, Kitahata MM, Sterling TR, Moore RD; North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD) (2016). Rising Obesity Prevalence and Weight Gain Among Adults Starting Antiretroviral Therapy in the United States and Canada. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 32(1), 50-8. PMC4692122
Journal Article
The Association of Human Cytomegalovirus with Biomarkers of Inflammation and Immune Activation in HIV-1-Infected Women
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2016
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26422187
Three groups of cytomegalovirus (CMV)-seropositive women (total n = 164) were selected from the Chicago Women's Interagency HIV-1 Study to investigate the association between CMV coinfection and immune activation: (1) HIV-1 viremic, (2) HIV-1 aviremic, and (3) HIV-1 uninfected. Quantitative measures of CMV serum IgG, CMV DNA, and serum biomarkers interleukin (IL)-6, soluble CD163 (sCD163), soluble CD14 (sCD14), and interferon gamma-induced protein (IP10) were obtained. Levels of CMV IgG and the serum biomarkers were significantly higher in the HIV-1 viremic group compared to the aviremic and uninfected groups (p < 0.001). No significant associations with CMV IgG levels were found for HIV-uninfected women. When each of the HIV-infected groups was analyzed, sCD14 levels in the viremic women were significantly associated with CMV IgG levels with p < 0.02 when adjusted for age, CD4 count, and HIV viral load. There was also a modest association (p = 0.036) with IL-6 from plasma and cervical
10.1089/AID.2015.0169
26422187
PMC4761818
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use Antibodies, Viral/blood Antigens, CD/blood Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/blood Biomarkers/blood Coinfection/blood/*immunology/virology Cytomegalovirus/*immunology Cytomegalovirus Infections/drug therapy/*immunology/virology Female HIV Infections/drug therapy/*immunology/virology HIV-1/*immunology Humans Immunoglobulin G/blood Inflammation/immunology/virology Interferon-gamma/blood Interleukin-6/blood Lipopolysaccharide Receptors/blood Middle Aged Raltegravir Potassium/therapeutic use Receptors, Cell Surface/blood Viral Load Viremia/virology
Lurain NS, Hanson BA, Hotton AL, Weber KM, Cohen MH, Landay AL (2016). The Association of Human Cytomegalovirus with Biomarkers of Inflammation and Immune Activation in HIV-1-Infected Women. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 32(2), 134-43. PMC4761818
Journal Article
HIV Exposure to the Epithelia in Ectocervical and Colon Tissues Induces Inflammatory Cytokines Without Tight Junction Disruption
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2016
Oct/Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27153934
Epithelial cells in human cervical and colonic mucosa do not express HIV receptor. However, HIV transmission occurs across the unbreached epithelia by an unknown mechanism. In this study, the effect of HIV exposure on tight junction (TJ) and cytokine production in ectocervical and colon mucosal epithelia in tissue biopsies was investigated in an organ culture model. After HIV exposure, the distribution patterns and quantities of epithelial TJ and adherens proteins were evaluated by immunofluorescence staining followed by confocal microscopy. Cytokine mRNA in the mucosal epithelia was also evaluated by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). HIV transmission was evaluated by measuring p24 production in culture supernatant. Our results showed there were no significant changes in the distribution and quantities of epithelial TJ/adherens junction (AJ) proteins after exposure to HIV. However, higher levels of CXCL10 and CXCL11 mRNA expression were detected in HIV
10.1089/AID.2015.0185
27153934
PMC5067867
Cells, Cultured Cervix Uteri/immunology/*virology Colon/immunology/*virology Cytokines/*biosynthesis/genetics Epithelium/immunology/*virology Female Gene Expression Profiling HIV Core Protein p24/analysis HIV-1/*immunology Humans Microscopy, Confocal Microscopy, Fluorescence Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Staining and Labeling Tight Junction Proteins/analysis Tight Junctions/*physiology *HIV transmission *inflammatory cytokines *mucosal epithelia *tight junctions
Sankapal S, Gupta P, Ratner D, Ding M, Shen C, Sanyal A, Stolz D, Cu-Uvin S, Ramratnam B, Chen Y (2016). HIV Exposure to the Epithelia in Ectocervical and Colon Tissues Induces Inflammatory Cytokines Without Tight Junction Disruption. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 32(11-Oct), 1054-1066. PMC5067867
Journal Article
Comparison of Insulin Resistance to Coronary Atherosclerosis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infected and Uninfected Men (from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study)
Am J Cardiol
2016
15-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26830260
The relation between insulin resistance (IR) and coronary artery disease in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection remains incompletely defined. Fasting serum insulin and glucose measurements from 448 HIV-infected and 306 uninfected men enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study were collected at semiannual visits from 2003 to 2013 and used to compute the homeostatic model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR). Coronary computed tomographic angiography (CTA) was performed at the end of the study period to characterize coronary pathology. Associations between HOMA-IR (categorized into tertiles and assessed near the time of the CTA and over the 10-year study period) and the prevalence of coronary plaque or stenosis >/=50% were assessed with multivariate logistic regression. HOMA-IR was higher in HIV-infected men than HIV-uninfected men when measured near the time of CTA (3.2 vs 2.7, p = 0.002) and when averaged over the study period (3.4 vs 3.0, p <0.001). The prevalence of c
10.1016/j.amjcard.2015.12.037
26830260
PMC4775332
Adult Aged Biomarkers/blood Blood Glucose/metabolism Body Mass Index Cohort Studies Coronary Angiography/methods Coronary Artery Disease/blood/complications/*diagnostic imaging/epidemiology Coronary Stenosis/blood/complications/*diagnostic imaging/epidemiology HIV Infections/*complications Humans *Immunocompromised Host Insulin/blood *Insulin Resistance Male Middle Aged Prevalence Prospective Studies Risk Assessment Tomography, X-Ray Computed United States/epidemiology
Brener MI, Post WS, Haberlen SA, Zhang L, Palella FJ Jr, Jacobson LP, Dobs AS, George RT, Witt MD, Budoff M, Kingsley LA, Brown TT (2016). Comparison of Insulin Resistance to Coronary Atherosclerosis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infected and Uninfected Men (from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study). Am J Cardiol, 117(6), 993-1000. PMC4775332
Journal Article
FTO genotype and weight loss in diet and lifestyle interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Am J Clin Nutr
2016
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26888713
BACKGROUND: Studies have suggested that the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) genotype is associated with individual variability in weight loss in response to diet/lifestyle interventions, but results are inconsistent. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to provide a summary of the literature evaluating the relation between the FTO genotype and weight loss in response to diet/lifestyle interventions. DESIGN: A search of English-language articles in the PubMed and Embase databases (through 30 April 2015) was performed. Eligible studies were diet/lifestyle weight-loss intervention studies conducted in adults that reported changes in body weight or body mass index (BMI) by the FTO variant rs9939609 (or its proxy). Differences in weight loss between FTO genotypes across studies were pooled with the use of fixed-effect models. RESULTS: A meta-analysis of 10 studies (comprising 6951 participants) that reported the results of additive genetic models showed that individuals with the FTO TA genotype and AA
10.3945/ajcn.115.123448
26888713
PMC4807705
Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO Body Mass Index Body Weight Databases, Factual Diet, Reducing Genetic Predisposition to Disease Genotype Humans *Life Style Obesity/*genetics/therapy Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide Proteins/*genetics/metabolism Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic *Weight Loss FTO genotype diet lifestyle intervention meta-analysis weight loss
Xiang L, Wu H, Pan A, Patel B, Xiang G, Qi L, Kaplan RC, Hu F, Wylie-Rosett J, Qi Q (2016). FTO genotype and weight loss in diet and lifestyle interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr, 103(4), 1162-70. PMC4807705
Journal Article
HIV Infection, Tenofovir, and Urine alpha1-Microglobulin: A Cross-sectional Analysis in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
Am J Kidney Dis
2016
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27287300
BACKGROUND: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) can cause proximal tubular damage and chronic kidney disease in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. Urine alpha1-microglobulin (A1M), a low-molecular-weight protein indicative of proximal tubular dysfunction, may enable earlier detection of TDF-associated tubular toxicity. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: 883 HIV-infected and 350 -uninfected men enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. PREDICTORS: HIV infection and TDF exposure. OUTCOME: Urine A1M level. RESULTS: Urine A1M was detectable in 737 (83%) HIV-infected and 202 (58%) -uninfected men (P<0.001). Among HIV-infected participants, 573 (65%) were current TDF users and 112 (13%) were past TDF users. After multivariable adjustment including demographics, traditional kidney disease risk factors, and estimated glomerular filtration rate, HIV infection was associated with 136% (95% CI, 104%-173%) higher urine A1M levels and 1.5-fold (95% CI,
10.1053/j.ajkd.2016.03.430
27287300
PMC5035569
Alpha-Globulins/*urine Anti-HIV Agents/*adverse effects Cohort Studies Cross-Sectional Studies HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*urine Humans Kidney Tubules, Proximal/drug effects/physiopathology Male Middle Aged Tenofovir/*adverse effects *HIV infection *Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) *Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) *antiretroviral (ARV) medication *biomarker *kidney damage *nephrotoxicity *proximal tubular dysfunction *tubular toxicity *urine alpha(1)-microglobulin (A1M)
Jotwani V, Scherzer R, Estrella MM, Jacobson LP, Witt MD, Palella FJ Jr, Macatangay B, Bennett M, Parikh CR, Ix JH, Shlipak MG (2016). HIV Infection, Tenofovir, and Urine alpha1-Microglobulin: A Cross-sectional Analysis in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Am J Kidney Dis, 68(4), 571-581. PMC5035569
Journal Article
Kidney Disease, Income, and Life Expectancy
Am J Kidney Dis
2016
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27772630
10.1053/j.ajkd.2016.07.004
27772630
Humans *Income Kidney Diseases *Life Expectancy Socioeconomic Factors
Lang J, Shlipak MG (2016). Kidney Disease, Income, and Life Expectancy. Am J Kidney Dis, 68(5), 674-676.
Journal Article
Association of cervical precancer with human papillomavirus types other than 16 among HIV co-infected women
Am J Obstet Gynecol
2016
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26433170
BACKGROUND: HIV-seropositive women face high risk for infection with oncogenic human papillomavirus (oncHPV) types, abnormal Pap test results, and precancer, but cervical cancer risk is only modestly increased. Human papillomavirus (HPV)16 is highly oncogenic but only weakly associated with HIV status and immunosuppression, suggesting HPV16 may have a greater innate ability to evade host immune surveillance than other oncHPV types, which in turn should result in a greater relative increase in the prevalence of other oncHPV types among women with cervical precancer. OBJECTIVE: We sought to assess whether the underrepresentation of HPV16 among HIV-seropositive relative to HIV-seronegative women remains among those with cervical precancers. STUDY DESIGN: HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study were screened for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade >/=3 (CIN3(+)). DNA from >40 HPV types was detected by polymerase chain reaction in cervicov
10.1016/j.ajog.2015.09.086
26433170
PMC4775397
Adult Aged Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia/*virology *Coinfection Female Follow-Up Studies HIV Infections/*complications Human papillomavirus 16/*isolation & purification Humans Incidence Logistic Models Middle Aged Papillomavirus Infections/*complications/diagnosis/epidemiology Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/*virology Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/*virology HIV in women cervical intraepithelial neoplasia human papillomavirus viral oncogenesis
Massad LS, Xie X, Burk RD, D'Souza G, Darragh TM, Minkoff H, Colie C, Burian P, Palefsky J, Atrio J, Strickler HD (2016). Association of cervical precancer with human papillomavirus types other than 16 among HIV co-infected women. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 214(3), 354 e1-6. PMC4775397
Journal Article
Physical and Sexual Violence Predictors: 20 Years of the Women's Interagency HIV Study Cohort
Am J Prev Med
2016
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27595175
INTRODUCTION: Gender-based violence (GBV) threatens women's health and safety. Few prospective studies examine physical and sexual violence predictors. Baseline/index GBV history and polyvictimization (intimate partner violence, non-partner sexual assault, and childhood sexual abuse) were characterized. Predictors of physical and sexual violence were evaluated over follow-up. METHODS: HIV-infected and uninfected participants (n=2,838) in the Women's Interagency HIV Study provided GBV history; 2,669 participants contributed 26,363 person years of follow-up from 1994 to 2014. In 2015-2016, multivariate log-binomial/Poisson regression models examined violence predictors, including GBV history, substance use, HIV status, and transactional sex. RESULTS: Overall, 61% reported index GBV history; over follow-up, 10% reported sexual and 21% reported physical violence. Having experienced all three forms of past GBV posed the greatest risk (adjusted incidence rate ratio [AIRR]physical=2.23, 95% C
10.1016/j.amepre.2016.07.005
27595175
PMC5360180
Adult Female Follow-Up Studies Gender-Based Violence/*statistics & numerical data HIV Infections/psychology Humans Sex Offenses United States
Decker MR, Benning L, Weber KM, Sherman SG, Adedimeji A, Wilson TE, Cohen J, Plankey MW, Cohen MH, Golub ET (2016). Physical and Sexual Violence Predictors: 20 Years of the Women's Interagency HIV Study Cohort. Am J Prev Med, 51(5), 731-742. PMC5360180
Journal Article
Association of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus with Genital Tract Mucosal Immune Factors in HIV-Infected Women
Am J Reprod Immunol
2016
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26685115
PROBLEM: High-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is prevalent in HIV-infected women and may be associated with mucosal changes that promote HIV replication. METHOD OF STUDY: Innate immune molecules, antimicrobial activity, HIV RNA, and HPV DNA genotypes were measured in a cross-sectional study of 128 HIV-infected women categorized into HPV-16 (n = 8), other HR-HPV (n = 41), and non-HR-HPV controls (n = 79). RESULTS: Compared to controls, HR-HPV groups had higher plasma viral loads (P = 0.004), lower CD4 cells (P = 0.02), more genital tract HIV RNA (P = 0.03), greater number of different HPV types (P < 0.001), higher cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) IL-1alpha (P = 0.03) and human beta-defensin 2 (HBD2) (P = 0.049), and less anti-HIVB al activity (P = 0.03). HPV-16 remained significantly associated with higher HBD2 (P = 0.03), higher IL-1alpha (P = 0.009), and lower anti-HIVB aL activity (P = 0.03) compared to controls after adjusting for plasma viral load and CD4 T cell count. CONCLUSION: HR
10.1111/aji.12461
26685115
PMC4715979
Adult Cervix Uteri/immunology/virology Coinfection/*immunology/virology DNA, Viral/analysis Female Genotype HIV Infections/*immunology/virology HIV-1/genetics Humans Immunity, Mucosal Immunologic Factors/immunology Interleukin-1alpha/immunology Middle Aged Papillomaviridae/genetics Papillomavirus Infections/*immunology/virology RNA, Viral/analysis Risk Therapeutic Irrigation Vagina/immunology/virology Viral Load beta-Defensins/immunology Cervicovaginal immunity Hiv defensins human papillomavirus
Buckley N, Huber A, Lo Y, Castle PE, Kemal K, Burk RD, Strickler HD, Einstein MH, Young M, Anastos K, Herold BC (2016). Association of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus with Genital Tract Mucosal Immune Factors in HIV-Infected Women. Am J Reprod Immunol, 75(2), 146-54. PMC4715979
Journal Article
Longitudinal Assessment of Systemic and Genital Tract Inflammatory Markers and Endogenous Genital Tract E. coli Inhibitory Activity in HIV-Infected and Uninfected Women
Am J Reprod Immunol
2016
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27145926
PROBLEM: Stability over time of systemic and mucosal immunity and their associations with bacterial vaginosis (BV) and HIV-specific parameters were assessed. METHOD OF STUDY: Immune mediators and HIV viral load in plasma and cervicovaginal lavage (CVL), E. coli inhibition, and Nugent score were measured at three semiannual visits among 94 participants in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Mixed models identified the factors associated with immune mediators. RESULTS: There was higher E. coli inhibition and lower inflammation over time in the genital tract and systemically. BV was consistently associated with higher CVL inflammatory mediators and lower CVL E. coli inhibition. HIV-infected women with higher CD4 counts had lower systemic and genital inflammatory mediators, and genital HIV shedding was associated with higher CVL inflammatory mediators. Use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) was associated with lower plasma and CVL mediators, but higher E. coli inhibition. CONCLUSION: HIV and B
10.1111/aji.12518
27145926
PMC4877270
Adult Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology Cell Growth Processes Cytokines/blood Escherichia coli/*immunology Female Follow-Up Studies Genitalia, Female/*immunology/microbiology/virology HIV/*physiology HIV Infections/drug therapy/*immunology/microbiology Humans Immunity, Mucosal Inflammation/*immunology/microbiology/virology Inflammation Mediators/blood Middle Aged Prospective Studies Vaginosis, Bacterial/*immunology/virology Viral Load/immunology Virus Shedding/immunology *Bacterial vaginosis *hiv *genital tract *inflammation *mucosal immunity
Keller MJ, McGinn AP, Lo Y, Huber A, Espinoza L, Minkoff H, Colie C, Nowicki MJ, D'Souza G, Anastos K (2016). Longitudinal Assessment of Systemic and Genital Tract Inflammatory Markers and Endogenous Genital Tract E. coli Inhibitory Activity in HIV-Infected and Uninfected Women. Am J Reprod Immunol, 75(6), 631-42. PMC4877270
Journal Article
Loss of Intra-Epithelial Endocervical Gamma Delta (GD) 1 T Cells in HIV-Infected Women
Am J Reprod Immunol
2016
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26666220
PROBLEM: Human gamma delta (GD) T cells play a well-documented role in epithelial barrier surveillance and protection. Two subsets of GD T cells, defined by the use of either the Vdelta2 (GD2) or Vdelta1 (GD1) TCR, predominate. We hypothesized that endocervical GD T cells play important role in lower genital tract anti-HIV immune responses. METHOD OF STUDY: HIV-infected (n = 18) and HIV-uninfected (n = 19) pre-menopausal women participating in the WIHS cohort were recruited. Frequency and phenotype of GD T cells were determined in endocervical cytobrush samples and peripheral blood by multicolor flow cytometry. RESULTS: We found depletion of GD2 cells in the blood of HIV-infected women as well as significant decrease in the frequency of endocervical GD1 cells compared to uninfected women. CONCLUSION: We report for the first time, the GD1 cells are a predominant endocervical T-cell subset that is significantly decreased in HIV-infected women.
10.1111/aji.12458
26666220
PMC4715976
Adult Cervix Uteri/*immunology Cohort Studies Epithelium/immunology Female HIV Infections/blood/epidemiology/*immunology/virology HIV-1/genetics Humans Immunity, Mucosal RNA, Viral/blood T-Lymphocyte Subsets/*immunology United States/epidemiology Viremia Biomarker Hiv female reproductive tract gamma delta T cells
Strbo N, Alcaide ML, Romero L, Bolivar H, Jones D, Podack ER, Fischl MA (2016). Loss of Intra-Epithelial Endocervical Gamma Delta (GD) 1 T Cells in HIV-Infected Women. Am J Reprod Immunol, 75(2), 134-45. PMC4715976
Journal Article
Disease drivers of aging
Ann N Y Acad Sci
2016
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27943360
It has long been known that aging, at both the cellular and organismal levels, contributes to the development and progression of the pathology of many chronic diseases. However, much less research has examined the inverse relationship-the contribution of chronic diseases and their treatments to the progression of aging-related phenotypes. Here, we discuss the impact of three chronic diseases (cancer, HIV/AIDS, and diabetes) and their treatments on aging, putative mechanisms by which these effects are mediated, and the open questions and future research directions required to understand the relationships between these diseases and aging.
10.1111/nyas.13299
27943360
PMC5373660
*Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/genetics/metabolism/pathology *Aging/genetics/metabolism/pathology Chronic Disease *Diabetes Mellitus/genetics/metabolism/pathology Humans *Neoplasms/genetics/metabolism/pathology *hiv *age-related *aging *cancer *chronic *diabetes *disease *pathology *prevention
Hodes RJ, Sierra F, Austad SN, Epel E, Neigh GN, Erlandson KM, Schafer MJ, LeBrasseur NK, Wiley C, Campisi J, Sehl ME, Scalia R, Eguchi S, Kasinath BS, Halter JB, Cohen HJ, Demark-Wahnefried W, Ahles TA, Barzilai N, Hurria A, Hunt PW (2016). Disease drivers of aging. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1386(1), 45-68. PMC5373660
Journal Article
NIHMS851660
Falls among middle-aged women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study
Antivir Ther
2016
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27427794
BACKGROUND: To determine the frequency and risk factors for falls among middle-aged HIV+ and HIV- women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). METHODS: We quantified self-report of any and multiple (>/=2) falls in the prior 6 months among 1,412 HIV+ and 650 HIV- women with mean age 48 years. Logistic regression was used to evaluate associations of demographics, behavioural factors, comorbid conditions and medications with odds of any fall (versus none) and multiple falls (versus </=1 fall). RESULTS: At least one fall was reported in 263 HIV+ (19%) versus 119 HIV- (18%) women, and >/=2 falls reported in 133 HIV+ (9%) versus 65 HIV- (10%) women. HIV infection was not associated with falls in multivariate analyses. Factors independently associated with any fall included age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.71, 95% CI 1.17, 2.49 age 50-59 versus <39 years; aOR 2.26, 95% CI 1.38, 3.71 age >/=60 versus <39), current marijuana use (aOR 2.19, 95% CI 1.53, 3.13) depressive symptoms (aOR 1.57,
10.3851/IMP3070
27427794
PMC5243157
Accidental Falls/*statistics & numerical data Adult Age Factors Aged Cognition Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/*complications Humans Logistic Models Middle Aged Risk Factors
Sharma A, Hoover DR, Shi Q, Holman S, Plankey MW, Wheeler AL, Weber K, Floris-Moore M, Bolivar HH, Vance DE, Mack WJ, Golub ET, Holstad MM, Yin MT (2016). Falls among middle-aged women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Antivir Ther, 21(8), 697-706. PMC5243157
Journal Article
2015 Russell Ross Memorial Lecture in Vascular Biology: Protective Autoimmunity in Atherosclerosis
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol
2016
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26821946
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease of the arterial wall. It is accompanied by an autoimmune response against apolipoprotein B-100, the core protein of low-density lipoprotein, which manifests as CD4 T cell and antibody responses. To assess the role of the autoimmune response in atherosclerosis, the nature of the CD4 T cell response against apolipoprotein B-100 was studied with and without vaccination with major histocompatibility complex-II-restricted apolipoprotein B-100 peptides. The immunologic basis of autoimmunity in atherosclerosis is discussed in the framework of theories of adaptive immunity. Older vaccination approaches are also discussed. Vaccinating Apoe(-/-) mice with major histocompatibility complex-II-restricted apolipoprotein B-100 peptides reduces atheroma burden in the aorta by approximately 40%. The protective mechanism likely includes secretion of interleukin-10. Protective autoimmunity limits atherosclerosis in mice and suggests potential for developing prev
10.1161/ATVBAHA.115.306009
26821946
PMC4970520
Adaptive Immunity Animals Apolipoprotein B-100/administration & dosage/*immunology/metabolism Apolipoproteins E/deficiency/genetics Atherosclerosis/genetics/immunology/metabolism/*prevention & control Autoantibodies/immunology/metabolism Autoantigens/immunology/metabolism *Autoimmunity CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/metabolism Disease Models, Animal Humans Inflammation/genetics/immunology/metabolism/*prevention & control Mice, Transgenic Protective Factors Risk Factors Vaccines, Subunit/administration & dosage apolipoprotein B atherosclerosis immune system immunology lymphocyte
Ley K (2016). 2015 Russell Ross Memorial Lecture in Vascular Biology: Protective Autoimmunity in Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 36(3), 429-38. PMC4970520
Journal Article
NIHMS752854
Model assessment in dynamic treatment regimen estimation via double robustness
Biometrics
2016
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26756122
Dynamic treatment regimens (DTRs) recommend treatments based on evolving subject-level data. The optimal DTR is that which maximizes expected patient outcome and as such its identification is of primary interest in the personalized medicine setting. When analyzing data from observational studies using semi-parametric approaches, there are two primary components which can be modeled: the expected level of treatment and the expected outcome for a patient given their other covariates. In an effort to offer greater flexibility, the so-called doubly robust methods have been developed which offer consistent parameter estimators as long as at least one of these two models is correctly specified. However, in practice it can be difficult to be confident if this is the case. Using G-estimation as our example method, we demonstrate how the property of double robustness itself can be used to provide evidence that a specified model is or is not correct. This approach is illustrated through simulati
10.1111/biom.12468
26756122
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy CD4 Lymphocyte Count Computer Simulation Humans Male *Models, Statistical Observational Studies as Topic/statistics & numerical data Precision Medicine/*statistics & numerical data Therapeutics/*statistics & numerical data Treatment Outcome Zidovudine/administration & dosage *Adaptive treatment strategies *Double robustness *Dynamic treatment regimens *G-estimation *Model selection *Personalized medicine
Wallace MP, Moodie EE, Stephens DA (2016). Model assessment in dynamic treatment regimen estimation via double robustness. Biometrics, 72(3), 855-64.
Journal Article
Identification of the transcripts associated with spontaneous HCV clearance in individuals co-infected with HIV and HCV
BMC Infect Dis
2016
22-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27875997
BACKGROUND: Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) influences the outcome and natural disease progression of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. While the majority of HCV mono-infected and HCV/HIV co-infected subjects develop chronic HCV infection, 20-46% of mono- and co-infected subjects spontaneously clear HCV infection. The mechanism underlying viral clearance is not clearly understood. Analysis of differential cellular gene expression (mRNA) between HIV-infected patients with persistent HCV infection or spontaneous clearance could provide a unique opportunity to decipher the mechanism of HCV clearance. METHODS: Plasma RNA from HIV/HCV co-infected subjects who cleared HCV and those who remained chronically infected with HCV was sequenced using Ion Torrent technology. The sequencing results were analyzed to identify transcripts that are associated with HCV clearance by measuring differential gene expression in HIV/HCV co-infected subjects who cleared HCV and those who remai
10.1186/s12879-016-2044-7
27875997
PMC5120459
Coinfection/virology Female Gene Expression Regulation HIV Infections/*virology Hepatitis C/*virology Hepatitis C, Chronic/virology Humans Immunity, Innate/genetics RNA, Viral/*blood Viral Load *Chronic HCV infection *Clearance of HCV infection *HIV/HCV coinfection *Plasma RNA sequencing *Sequence analysis
Chen Y, Shen C, Guha D, Ding M, Kulich S, Ashimkhanova A, Rinaldo C, Seaberg E, Margolick JB, Stosor V, Martínez-Maza O, Gupta P (2016). Identification of the transcripts associated with spontaneous HCV clearance in individuals co-infected with HIV and HCV. BMC Infect Dis, 16(1), 693. PMC5120459
Journal Article
Traditional and HIV-specific risk factors for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality among HIV-infected adults in Brazil: a retrospective cohort study
BMC Infect Dis
2016
8-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27503230
BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) agents potentially associated with adverse metabolic profiles are commonly used in low- and middle-income countries. We assessed risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related morbidity and mortality in a cohort of HIV-infected, ART-treated adults in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. METHODS: Hospital records and mortality data between 2000-2010 were examined for incident CVD-related ICD-10 and Coding of Death in HIV diagnoses among adults >/=18 years old on ART, enrolled in an observational cohort. Poisson regression models assessed associations between demographic and clinical characteristics and ART agent or class on CVD event risk. RESULTS: Of 2960 eligible persons, 109 had a CVD event (89 hospitalizations, 20 deaths). Participants were 65 % male, 54 % white, and had median age of 37 and 4.6 years on ART. The median nadir CD4(+) T lymphocyte count was 149 cells/mm(3). The virologic suppression rate at the end of study follow-up was 60 %. In mul
10.1186/s12879-016-1735-4
27503230
PMC4977901
Adult African Continental Ancestry Group Age Factors Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use Brazil/epidemiology CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cardiovascular Diseases/*epidemiology/mortality Cohort Studies Ethnic Groups/*statistics & numerical data European Continental Ancestry Group Female HIV Infections/blood/*drug therapy/epidemiology HIV-1/genetics Humans Hypertension/epidemiology Incidence Male Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis RNA, Viral/blood Regression Analysis Retrospective Studies Risk Factors Sex Factors Time Factors Viral Load *aids *Antiretroviral therapy *Brazil *Cardiovascular disease *hiv
Diaz CM, Segura ER, Luz PM, Clark JL, Ribeiro SR, De Boni R, Eksterman L, Moreira R, Currier JS, Veloso VG, Grinsztejn B, Lake JE (2016). Traditional and HIV-specific risk factors for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality among HIV-infected adults in Brazil: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Infect Dis, 16(), 376. PMC4977901
Journal Article
Perceived benefits and negative consequences of alcohol consumption in women living with HIV: a qualitative study
BMC Public Health
2016
15-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26975297
BACKGROUND: Women living with HIV have increased prevalence of medical and psychological comorbidities that could be adversely affected by alcohol consumption. Little is known about their unique motivations for drinking or perceptions of HIV-related consequences. In preparation for an alcohol intervention study, we sought to better understand reasons for drinking and perceived consequences of alcohol consumption among a sample of women living with HIV. METHODS: Four focus groups, with a total of 24 adult women (96% African-American, 88% HIV-positive), were conducted in Jacksonville, FL, Washington, DC and Chicago, IL. Focus group discussions were tape-recorded and transcribed verbatim; a conventional content analysis approach was used to identify themes, that were then grouped according to a biopsychosocial model. RESULTS: Regarding reasons for drinking, women described themes that included biological (addiction, to manage pain), psychological (coping, to escape bad experiences, to fee
10.1186/s12889-016-2928-x
26975297
PMC4791930
Adaptation, Psychological Adult African Americans/psychology Alcohol Drinking/*epidemiology/ethnology/*psychology Emotions Female Focus Groups HIV Infections/*epidemiology/ethnology/*psychology Humans Middle Aged Perception Prevalence Qualitative Research
Cook RL, Cook CL, Karki M, Weber KM, Thoma KA, Loy CM, Goparaju L, Rahim-Williams B (2016). Perceived benefits and negative consequences of alcohol consumption in women living with HIV: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health, 16(), 263. PMC4791930
Journal Article
Association of diabetes with tooth loss in Hispanic/Latino adults: findings from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos
BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care
2016
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27239319
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between diabetes mellitus and missing teeth in Hispanic/Latino adults from diverse heritage groups who reside in the USA. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) is a multicenter, population-based study of 18-74 years old who underwent a physical and oral examination (n=15 945). Glycemic status was categorized as diabetes, impaired, or normal, based on medication use, and American Diabetes Association criteria for fasting glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). HbA1c<7% indicated good glycemic control, and HbA1c>7% indicated uncontrolled diabetes. We estimated ORs and 95% CIs for missing >9 teeth and being edentulous (missing all natural teeth), after adjustment for age, income, education, Hispanic background, study site/center, nativity, last dental visit, health insurance, diet quality, cigarette smoking, obesity, periodontitis, and C reactive protein. RESULTS: Persons with uncontroll
10.1136/bmjdrc-2016-000211
27239319
PMC4873949
Adult Diabetes Hispanics Oral and Systemic Health
Greenblatt AP, Salazar CR, Northridge ME, Kaplan RC, Taylor GW, Finlayson TL, Qi Q, Badner V (2016). Association of diabetes with tooth loss in Hispanic/Latino adults: findings from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care, 4(1), e000211. PMC4873949
Journal Article
Cortical brain atrophy and intra-individual variability in neuropsychological test performance in HIV disease
Brain Imaging Behav
2016
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26303224
To characterize the relationship between dispersion-based intra-individual variability (IIVd) in neuropsychological test performance and brain volume among HIV seropositive and seronegative men and to determine the effects of cardiovascular risk and HIV infection on this relationship. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was used to acquire high-resolution neuroanatomic data from 147 men age 50 and over, including 80 HIV seropositive (HIV+) and 67 seronegative controls (HIV-) in this cross-sectional cohort study. Voxel Based Morphometry was used to derive volumetric measurements at the level of the individual voxel. These brain structure maps were analyzed using Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM2). IIVd was measured by computing intra-individual standard deviations (ISD's) from the standardized performance scores of five neuropsychological tests: Wechsler Memory Scale-III Visual Reproduction I and II, Logical Memory I and II, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III Letter Number Sequencing
10.1007/s11682-015-9441-1
26303224
PMC4767700
Atrophy/diagnostic imaging Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology Cerebral Cortex/*diagnostic imaging Cohort Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Gray Matter/diagnostic imaging HIV Infections/*diagnostic imaging/*psychology Humans Male Middle Aged Neuropsychological Tests Organ Size Regression Analysis Risk Factors White Matter/diagnostic imaging *Cognition *hiv *Imaging *Intra-individual variability *Voxel-based morphometry declared that he or she has no conflict of interest. Ethical approval: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Informed consent: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Data Analysis: The data were analyzed by L.J. Hines, J.T. Becker and V. Maruca, with assistance from J. Sanders.
Hines LJ, Miller EN, Hinkin CH, Alger JR, Barker P, Goodkin K, Martin EM, Maruca V, Ragin A, Sacktor N, Sanders J, Selnes O, Becker JT; Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (2016). Cortical brain atrophy and intra-individual variability in neuropsychological test performance in HIV disease. Brain Imaging Behav, 10(3), 640-51. PMC4767700
Journal Article
NIHMS718299
The association of medication use with clearance or persistence of oral HPV infection
Cancer Causes Control
2016
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27804058
PURPOSE: Persistent oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection increases risk for oropharyngeal carcinoma, and people living with HIV have higher rates of oral HPV infection and related cancers. Some prescription medications have immunomodulatory effects, but the impact of medication use on oral HPV natural history is unknown. METHODS: Scope((R)) oral rinse-and-gargle samples were collected semi-annually from 1,666 participants and tested for 37 types of oral HPV DNA using PCR; 594 HPV-infected participants with 1,358 type-specific oral HPV infections were identified. Data were collected on recent (past 6 months) use of medications. The relationship between medication use and oral HPV clearance was evaluated using Wei-Lin-Weissfeld regression, adjusting for biologic sex, prevalent versus incident infection, age, HIV status and CD4+ T cell count. RESULTS: Out of 11 medications examined, oral HPV clearance was significantly reduced in participants reporting recent use of antipsychotics (H
10.1007/s10552-016-0826-2
27804058
PMC5282943
Adult Female HIV Infections/epidemiology/virology Humans Longitudinal Studies Male Middle Aged Mouth Diseases/*drug therapy/*epidemiology/virology Oropharyngeal Neoplasms/epidemiology/virology Papillomaviridae/genetics/*isolation & purification Papillomavirus Infections/*drug therapy/*epidemiology/virology Prevalence Risk Factors United States/epidemiology *Antipsychotic *Clearance *hiv *Immunomodulatory *Oral HPV *Prescription medication conflicts of interest to report.
Lam JO, Sugar EA, Cranston RD, Weber KM, Burk RD, Wiley DJ, Reddy S, Margolick JB, Strickler HD, Wentz A, Jacobson L, Coles CL, Bream JH, Rositch AF, Guo Y, Xiao W, Gillison ML, D'Souza G (2016). The association of medication use with clearance or persistence of oral HPV infection. Cancer Causes Control, 27(12), 1491-1498. PMC5282943
Journal Article
MicroRNA-related polymorphisms and non-Hodgkin lymphoma susceptibility in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
Cancer Epidemiol
2016
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27701053
BACKGROUND: MicroRNAs, small non-coding RNAs involved in gene regulation, are implicated in lymphomagenesis. We evaluated whether genetic variations in microRNA coding regions, binding sites, or biogenesis genes (collectively referred to as miRNA-SNPs) were associated with risk of AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin lymphoma (AIDS-NHL), and serum levels of four lymphoma-related microRNAs. METHODS: Twenty-five miRNA-SNPs were genotyped in 180 AIDS-NHL cases and 529 HIV-infected matched controls from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), and real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to quantify serum microRNA levels. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) estimated using conditional logistic regression evaluated associations between miRNA-SNPs and AIDS-NHL risk. A semi-Bayes shrinkage approach was employed to reduce likelihood of false-positive associations. Adjusted mean ratios (MR) calculated using linear regression assessed associations between miRNA-SNPs and serum microRNA levels. RESULTS: DDX20
10.1016/j.canep.2016.09.007
27701053
PMC5127653
Adult Aged Case-Control Studies Cohort Studies Female *Genetic Predisposition to Disease Humans Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/*genetics Male MicroRNAs/*genetics Middle Aged *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide *aids-nhl *ddx20 *Epidemiology *Lymphoma *SNPs *microRNA *microRNA-SNP of interest: none'.
Peckham-Gregory EC, Thapa DR, Martinson J, Duggal P, Penugonda S, Bream JH, Chang PY, Dandekar S, Chang SC, Detels R, Martínez-Maza O, Zhang ZF, Hussain SK (2016). MicroRNA-related polymorphisms and non-Hodgkin lymphoma susceptibility in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Cancer Epidemiol, 45(), 47-57. PMC5127653
Journal Article
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) 16 E6 seropositivity is elevated in subjects with oral HPV16 infection
Cancer Epidemiol
2016
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27344614
INTRODUCTION: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) 16 E6 serum antibodies are common in people with HPV-related oropharyngeal cancers (HPV-OPC), but not the general population. We explored HPV16 seroprevalence in people with and without oral HPV16 infection, the cause of HPV-OPC. METHODS: Oral rinse samples were collected semiannually and tested for 36 types of HPV DNA by PCR. HPV16 E6 serum antibodies were tested at the visit of first oral HPV detection in participants with prevalent (n=54), or incident (n=39) oral HPV16 DNA; or at baseline in matched participants with no oral HPV16 DNA (n=155) using multiplex serology assay. Predictors of seropositivity were examined using logistic regression. RESULTS: HPV16 E6 seropositivity (7.5% vs 0.7%; p=0.005) but not seropositivity to the other HPV16 antigens, was significantly more common in those with than without oral HPV16 infection. There were only 8 HPV16 E6 seropositive participants, but oral HPV16 DNA remained a strong predictor of E6 seropositi
10.1016/j.canep.2016.06.002
27344614
PMC4963265
Human papillomavirus 16/*genetics Humans Oropharyngeal Neoplasms Papillomaviridae Papillomavirus Infections *Seroepidemiologic Studies Antibodies Biomarker Hpv16 e6 Oral HPV Seroprevalence
Zhang Y, Waterboer T, Pawlita M, Sugar E, Minkoff H, Cranston RD, Wiley D, Burk R, Reddy S, Margolick J, Strickler H, Weber K, Gillison M, D'Souza G (2016). Human Papillomavirus (HPV) 16 E6 seropositivity is elevated in subjects with oral HPV16 infection. Cancer Epidemiol, 43(), 30-4. PMC4963265
Journal Article
Cytotoxic Properties of a DEPTOR-mTOR Inhibitor in Multiple Myeloma Cells
Cancer Res
2016
1-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27530328
DEPTOR is a 48 kDa protein that binds to mTOR and inhibits this kinase in TORC1 and TORC2 complexes. Overexpression of DEPTOR specifically occurs in a model of multiple myeloma. Its silencing in multiple myeloma cells is sufficient to induce cytotoxicity, suggesting that DEPTOR is a potential therapeutic target. mTORC1 paralysis protects multiple myeloma cells against DEPTOR silencing, implicating mTORC1 in the critical role of DEPTOR in multiple myeloma cell viability. Building on this foundation, we interrogated a small-molecule library for compounds that prevent DEPTOR binding to mTOR in a yeast-two-hybrid assay. One compound was identified that also prevented DEPTOR-mTOR binding in human myeloma cells, with subsequent activation of mTORC1 and mTORC2. In a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay, the compound bound to recombinant DEPTOR but not to mTOR. The drug also prevented binding of recombinant DEPTOR to mTOR in the SPR assay. Remarkably, although activating TORC1 and TORC2, the
10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-16-1019
27530328
PMC5100807
Animals Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy/pathology Cell Line, Tumor Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21/physiology Humans Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/*antagonists & inhibitors Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy/pathology Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 Mice Multiple Myeloma/*drug therapy/pathology Multiprotein Complexes/physiology Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/physiology TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/*antagonists & inhibitors/physiology
Shi Y, Daniels-Wells TR, Frost P, Lee J, Finn RS, Bardeleben C, Penichet ML, Jung ME, Gera J, Lichtenstein A (2016). Cytotoxic Properties of a DEPTOR-mTOR Inhibitor in Multiple Myeloma Cells. Cancer Res, 76(19), 5822-5831. PMC5100807
Journal Article
NIHMS827040
An Isogenic Human ESC Platform for Functional Evaluation of Genome-wide-Association-Study-Identified Diabetes Genes and Drug Discovery
Cell Stem Cell
2016
1-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27524441
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have increased our knowledge of loci associated with a range of human diseases. However, applying such findings to elucidate pathophysiology and promote drug discovery remains challenging. Here, we created isogenic human ESCs (hESCs) with mutations in GWAS-identified susceptibility genes for type 2 diabetes. In pancreatic beta-like cells differentiated from these lines, we found that mutations in CDKAL1, KCNQ1, and KCNJ11 led to impaired glucose secretion in vitro and in vivo, coinciding with defective glucose homeostasis. CDKAL1 mutant insulin+ cells were also hypersensitive to glucolipotoxicity. A high-content chemical screen identified a candidate drug that rescued CDKAL1-specific defects in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting the FOS/JUN pathway. Our approach of a proof-of-principle platform, which uses isogenic hESCs for functional evaluation of GWAS-identified loci and identification of a drug candidate that rescues gene-specific defects, paves
10.1016/j.stem.2016.07.002
27524441
PMC5924691
Alleles Animals Benzophenones/pharmacology Biomarkers/metabolism CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics Cell Line Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*genetics/pathology *Drug Discovery Gene Targeting *Genome-Wide Association Study Glucose/toxicity Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism Homeostasis/drug effects Human Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology/drug effects/*metabolism Humans Insulin/metabolism Insulin-Secreting Cells/drug effects/metabolism Isoxazoles/pharmacology KCNQ1 Potassium Channel/genetics Lipids/toxicity Mice Mutation/genetics Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying/genetics Signal Transduction/drug effects tRNA Methyltransferases/genetics
Zeng H, Guo M, Zhou T, Tan L, Chong CN, Zhang T, Dong X, Xiang JZ, Yu AS, Yue L, Qi Q, Evans T, Graumann J, Chen S (2016). An Isogenic Human ESC Platform for Functional Evaluation of Genome-wide-Association-Study-Identified Diabetes Genes and Drug Discovery. Cell Stem Cell, 19(3), 326-40. PMC5924691
Journal Article
NIHMS809614
Suboptimal Adherence to Combination Antiretroviral Therapy Is Associated With Higher Levels of Inflammation Despite HIV Suppression
Clin Infect Dis
2016
15-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27660234
BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals exhibit residual inflammation regardless of virologic suppression. We evaluated whether suboptimal adherence to combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) is associated with greater residual inflammation than optimal adherence, despite virologic suppression. METHODS: Longitudinal self-reported cART adherence data and serum concentrations of 24 biomarkers of inflammation and immune activation were measured at the same study visit in HIV RNA-suppressed (<50 copies/mL) HIV-infected men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study from 1998 to 2009. Associations between dichotomized 6-month (<100% vs 100%) and categorized 4-day (<85%, 85%-99%, and 100%) cART adherence with biomarker concentrations were evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 912 men provided 2816 person-visits with documented plasma HIV RNA suppression. In adjusted models, person-visits at which <100% cART 6-month adherence was reported had higher concentrations of interleu
10.1093/cid/ciw650
27660234
PMC5146724
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use Biomarkers Drug Therapy, Combination HIV Infections/*drug therapy/immunology/pathology/virology Homosexuality, Male Humans *Inflammation Longitudinal Studies Male *Medication Adherence Middle Aged Self Report Viral Load adherence antiretroviral therapy inflammation
Castillo-Mancilla JR, Brown TT, Erlandson KM, Palella FJ Jr, Gardner EM, Macatangay BJ, Breen EC, Jacobson LP, Anderson PL, Wada NI (2016). Suboptimal Adherence to Combination Antiretroviral Therapy Is Associated With Higher Levels of Inflammation Despite HIV Suppression. Clin Infect Dis, 63(12), 1661-1667. PMC5146724
Journal Article
Retention in Care and Patient-Reported Reasons for Undocumented Transfer or Stopping Care Among HIV-Infected Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy in Eastern Africa: Application of a Sampling-Based Approach
Clin Infect Dis
2016
1-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26679625
BACKGROUND: Improving the implementation of the global response to human immunodeficiency virus requires understanding retention after starting antiretroviral therapy (ART), but loss to follow-up undermines assessment of the magnitude of and reasons for stopping care. METHODS: We evaluated adults starting ART over 2.5 years in 14 clinics in Uganda, Tanzania, and Kenya. We traced a random sample of patients lost to follow-up and incorporated updated information in weighted competing risks estimates of retention. Reasons for nonreturn were surveyed. RESULTS: Among 18 081 patients, 3150 (18%) were lost to follow-up and 579 (18%) were traced. Of 497 (86%) with ascertained vital status, 340 (69%) were alive and, in 278 (82%) cases, updated care status was obtained. Among all patients initiating ART, weighted estimates incorporating tracing outcomes found that 2 years after ART, 69% were in care at their original clinic, 14% transferred (4% official and 10% unofficial), 6% were alive but out
10.1093/cid/civ1004
26679625
PMC4787603
Adult Africa, Eastern/epidemiology Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use Cohort Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*epidemiology Humans *Lost to Follow-Up Male Africa antiretroviral therapy loss to follow-up retention
Geng EH, Odeny TA, Lyamuya R, Nakiwogga-Muwanga A, Diero L, Bwana M, Braitstein P, Somi G, Kambugu A, Bukusi E, Wenger M, Neilands TB, Glidden DV, Wools-Kaloustian K, Yiannoutsos C, Martin J (2016). Retention in Care and Patient-Reported Reasons for Undocumented Transfer or Stopping Care Among HIV-Infected Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy in Eastern Africa: Application of a Sampling-Based Approach. Clin Infect Dis, 62(7), 935-944. PMC4787603
Journal Article
HIV Infection and Carotid Artery Intima-media Thickness: Pooled Analyses Across 5 Cohorts of the NHLBI HIV-CVD Collaborative
Clin Infect Dis
2016
15-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27118787
BACKGROUND: Age and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment may affect the association of HIV infection with atherosclerosis. METHODS: We used identical carotid artery B-mode ultrasonographic methods in 5 cohorts participating in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute HIV-CVD Collaborative to measure intima-media thickness of the right far wall of the common carotid artery (CCA-IMT) and carotid artery bifurcation (BIF-IMT) between 2010 and 2013. Participants aged 6-75 years were either HIV infected or uninfected. Linear regression assessed associations of CCA-IMT and BIF-IMT with HIV infection and cardiovascular disease risk factors, within age and HIV treatment groups. Adjustment variables included sex, race/ethnicity, smoking, height, weight, and use of antihypertensive and lipid-lowering drugs. RESULTS: We studied 867 HIV-infected and 338 HIV-uninfected male and 696 HIV-infected and 246 HIV-uninfected female participants. Among both middle-aged (30-49 years) and older ad
10.1093/cid/ciw261
27118787
PMC4928384
Adolescent Adult Age Factors Aged Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use Atherosclerosis/pathology/*virology Carotid Artery, Common/diagnostic imaging/*pathology *Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Child Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/*complications/drug therapy/pathology Humans Male Middle Aged Risk Factors Ultrasonography Young Adult *HIV infection *aging *biomarker *cardiovascular disease risk factors *carotid artery intima-media thickness
Hanna DB, Guo M, Bůžková P, Miller TL, Post WS, Stein JH, Currier JS, Kronmal RA, Freiberg MS, Bennett SN, Shikuma CM, Anastos K, Li Y, Tracy RP, Hodis HN, Delaney JA, Kaplan RC (2016). HIV Infection and Carotid Artery Intima-media Thickness: Pooled Analyses Across 5 Cohorts of the NHLBI HIV-CVD Collaborative. Clin Infect Dis, 63(2), 249-56. PMC4928384
Journal Article
Trends in Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Among Persons With HIV in New York City, 2001-2012
Clin Infect Dis
2016
15-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27444412
BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has become more prominent among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. The extent to which CVD mortality rates are changing is unclear. METHODS: We analyzed surveillance data for all persons aged >/=13 years with HIV infection between 2001 and 2012 reported to the New York City HIV Surveillance Registry. We examined age-specific and age-standardized mortality rates due to major CVDs. We compared mortality time trends among persons with HIV with the general population, and examined differences among HIV-infected persons by RNA level. RESULTS: There were 29 588 deaths reported among 145 845 HIV-infected persons. Ten percent of deaths were attributed to CVD as the underlying cause, including chronic ischemic heart disease (42% of CVD deaths), hypertensive diseases (27%), and cerebrovascular diseases (10%). While proportionate mortality due to CVD among persons with HIV increased (6% in 2001 to 15% in 2012, P < .001), the CVD morta
10.1093/cid/ciw470
27444412
PMC5873364
Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cardiovascular Diseases/*complications/epidemiology/history/*mortality Cause of Death Female HIV Infections/*complications/diagnosis/*epidemiology History, 21st Century Humans Male Middle Aged New York City/epidemiology Patient Outcome Assessment Population Surveillance Registries Risk Factors Viral Load Young Adult *HIV infection *cardiovascular disease *mortality *surveillance *viral load
Hanna DB, Ramaswamy C, Kaplan RC, Kizer JR, Anastos K, Daskalakis D, Zimmerman R, Braunstein SL (2016). Trends in Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Among Persons With HIV in New York City, 2001-2012. Clin Infect Dis, 63(8), 1122-1129. PMC5873364
Journal Article
Transmitted HIV Drug Resistance Is High and Longstanding in Metropolitan Washington, DC
Clin Infect Dis
2016
15-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27307507
BACKGROUND: Washington, DC, has 2.5% human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence, 3.9% among African Americans. Antiretrovirals (ARTs) are the cornerstone for treatment and prevention. Monitoring changes in transmitted drug resistance (TDR) is critical for effective HIV care. METHODS: HIV genotype data for individuals enrolled in research studies in metropolitan Washington, D.C., were used to identify TDR using the World Health Organization mutation list [Bennett DE, Camacho RJ, Otelea D, et al. Drug resistance mutations for surveillance of transmitted HIV-1 drug-resistance: 2009 update. PloS One 2009; 4:e4724]. HIV phylogenies were reconstructed using maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods. HIV transmission clusters were supported by 1000 bootstrap values >0.70 and posterior probability >0.95 of having a common ancestor. RESULTS: Among 710 individuals enrolled in 1994-2013, the median age was 38.6 years, 46.2% were female, and 53.3% were African-American. TDR was 22.5% among 566 tr
10.1093/cid/ciw382
27307507
PMC4996138
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*pharmacology/therapeutic use Bayes Theorem District of Columbia/epidemiology Drug Resistance, Viral/*genetics Female HIV Infections/drug therapy/*epidemiology/*virology *HIV-1/classification/drug effects/genetics Humans Male Phylogeny Retrospective Studies *hiv *HIV clusters *transmission dynamics *transmitted drug resistance *women
Kassaye SG, Grossman Z, Balamane M, Johnston-White B, Liu C, Kumar P, Young M, Sneller MC, Sereti I, Dewar R, Rehm C, Meyer W 3rd, Shafer R, Katzenstein D, Maldarelli F (2016). Transmitted HIV Drug Resistance Is High and Longstanding in Metropolitan Washington, DC. Clin Infect Dis, 63(6), 836-843. PMC4996138
Journal Article
Marijuana Use Is Not Associated With Progression to Advanced Liver Fibrosis in HIV/Hepatitis C Virus-coinfected Women
Clin Infect Dis
2016
15-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27225241
BACKGROUND: Marijuana (hereafter "tetrahydrocannabinol [THC]") use has been associated with liver fibrosis progression in retrospective analyses of patients with chronic hepatitis C (HCV). We studied long-term effects of THC on fibrosis progression in women coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/HCV enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). METHODS: Liver fibrosis was categorized according to FIB-4 scores as none, moderate, or significant. THC and alcohol use were quantified as average exposure per week. Associations between THC use and progression to significant fibrosis were assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS: Among 575 HIV/HCV-coinfected women followed for a median of 11 (interquartile range, 6-17) years, 324 (56%) reported no THC use, 141 (25%) less than weekly use, 70 (12%) weekly use, and 40 (7%) daily use at WIHS entry. In univariable analysis, entry FIB-4 score (hazard ratio [HR], 2.26 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.88-2.73], P
10.1093/cid/ciw350
27225241
PMC4967608
Adult Alcohol Drinking/*adverse effects Cohort Studies Coinfection Disease Progression Female HIV/genetics/isolation & purification HIV Infections/*complications/drug therapy Hepacivirus/genetics/isolation & purification Hepatitis C, Chronic/*complications/drug therapy Humans Liver Cirrhosis/*etiology Longitudinal Studies *Marijuana Use Prospective Studies *hcv *hiv *liver fibrosis *marijuana *women
Kelly EM, Dodge JL, Sarkar M, French AL, Tien PC, Glesby MJ, Golub ET, Augenbraun M, Plankey M, Peters MG (2016). Marijuana Use Is Not Associated With Progression to Advanced Liver Fibrosis in HIV/Hepatitis C Virus-coinfected Women. Clin Infect Dis, 63(4), 512-8. PMC4967608
Journal Article
Risk of End-Stage Liver Disease in HIV-Viral Hepatitis Coinfected Persons in North America From the Early to Modern Antiretroviral Therapy Eras
Clin Infect Dis
2016
1-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27506682
BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients coinfected with hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) viruses are at increased risk of end-stage liver disease (ESLD). Whether modern antiretroviral therapy has reduced ESLD risk is unknown. METHODS: Twelve clinical cohorts in the United States and Canada participating in the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design validated ESLD events from 1996 to 2010. ESLD incidence rates and rate ratios according to hepatitis status adjusted for age, sex, race, cohort, time-updated CD4 cell count and HIV RNA were estimated in calendar periods corresponding to major changes in antiretroviral therapy: early (1996-2000), middle (2001-2005), and modern (2006-2010) eras. RESULTS: Among 34 119 HIV-infected adults followed for 129 818 person-years, 380 incident ESLD outcomes occurred. ESLD incidence (per 1000 person-years) was highest in triply infected (11.57) followed by HBV- (8.72) and HCV- (6.10) coinfected vs 1.27 in HI
10.1093/cid/ciw531
27506682
PMC5064164
Adult Aged Alcohol Drinking Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use Canada/epidemiology Cohort Studies Coinfection End Stage Liver Disease/epidemiology/*etiology Female HIV Infections/*complications/drug therapy/epidemiology Hepatitis B/*complications/epidemiology Hepatitis C/*complications/epidemiology Humans Incidence Male Middle Aged Risk Factors United States/epidemiology *hiv *coinfection *end-stage liver disease *hepatitis B virus *hepatitis C virus
Klein MB, Althoff KN, Jing Y, Lau B, Kitahata M, Lo Re V 3rd, Kirk GD, Hull M, Kim HN, Sebastiani G, Moodie EE, Silverberg MJ, Sterling TR, Thorne JE, Cescon A, Napravnik S, Eron J, Gill MJ, Justice A, Peters MG, Goedert JJ, Mayor A, Thio CL, Cachay ER, Moore R; North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design of IeDEA; North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD) of IeDEA (2016). Risk of End-Stage Liver Disease in HIV-Viral Hepatitis Coinfected Persons in North America From the Early to Modern Antiretroviral Therapy Eras. Clin Infect Dis, 63(9), 1160-1167. PMC5064164
Journal Article
Lipid Profiles and APOE4 Allele Impact Midlife Cognitive Decline in HIV-Infected Men on Antiretroviral Therapy
Clin Infect Dis
2016
15-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27448678
BACKGROUND: Dyslipidemia and apolipoprotein E4 (APOE 4) allele are risk factors for age-related cognitive decline, but how these risks are modified by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is unclear. METHODS: In a longitudinal nested study from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, 273 HIV type 1-infected (HIV(+)) men aged 50-65 years with baseline HIV RNA <400 copies/mL and on continuous antiretroviral therapy (ART) in >/=95% of follow-up visits were matched by sociodemographic variables to 516 HIV-uninfected (HIV(-)) controls. The association between lipid markers (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], and triglycerides), APOE genotype, and cognitive decline in HIV infection was examined using mixed-effects models. RESULTS: The median baseline age of participants was 51, 81% were white, and 89% had education >12 years. HIV(+) men had similar baseline total cholesterol and LDL-C, but lower HDL-C and higher tr
10.1093/cid/ciw495
27448678
PMC5036920
Age Factors Aged *Alleles Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Apolipoprotein E4/*genetics Biomarkers Cognitive Dysfunction/*blood/diagnosis/*etiology Disease Susceptibility Female Follow-Up Studies Genotype HIV Infections/*complications/drug therapy/*genetics Humans Lipids/*blood Male Mental Status and Dementia Tests Middle Aged Risk Factors *apoe *hiv-1 *aging *cholesterol *cognitive decline
Mukerji SS, Locascio JJ, Misra V, Lorenz DR, Holman A, Dutta A, Penugonda S, Wolinsky SM, Gabuzda D (2016). Lipid Profiles and APOE4 Allele Impact Midlife Cognitive Decline in HIV-Infected Men on Antiretroviral Therapy. Clin Infect Dis, 63(8), 1130-1139. PMC5036920
Journal Article
Inflammatory Biomarkers and Mortality Risk Among HIV-Suppressed Men: A Multisite Prospective Cohort Study
Clin Infect Dis
2016
1-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27343547
BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-induced inflammation and immune activation persist after initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) and HIV suppression and may contribute to mortality risks that exceed those in HIV-uninfected populations, though associations are unclear. METHODS: In the prospective Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, comprising men who have sex with men from Baltimore, Chicago, Los Angeles, and Pittsburgh, concentrations of 24 biomarkers of inflammation and immune activation were measured in stored serum from HIV-positive men obtained after cART-induced HIV suppression between 1996 and 2009. The outcome was nonaccidental death, with follow-up until 2014. We used Cox proportional hazards models to test whether biomarker concentrations predict time from HIV suppression to death and adjusted for multiple tests. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was employed to identify groupings of biomarkers that predict mortality risk. RESULTS: Of 670 men followed
10.1093/cid/ciw409
27343547
PMC5019283
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use Biomarkers/*blood CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cytokines/blood Female *HIV Infections/blood/drug therapy/epidemiology/mortality HIV-1/immunology Humans Male Middle Aged Prospective Studies Risk Factors *hiv *biomarkers *cART *inflammation *mortality
Wada NI, Bream JH, Martínez-Maza O, Macatangay B, Galvin SR, Margolick JB, Jacobson LP (2016). Inflammatory Biomarkers and Mortality Risk Among HIV-Suppressed Men: A Multisite Prospective Cohort Study. Clin Infect Dis, 63(7), 984-990. PMC5019283
Journal Article
Lower CSF abeta is associated with HAND in HIV-infected adults with a family history of dementia
Curr HIV Res
2016
2016
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26673902
BACKGROUND: Both family history of dementia (FHD) and lower levels of Abeta-42 are indepentently associated with worse neurocognitive functioning in HIVinfected patients. OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationships between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Abeta-42 and FHD with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). METHODS: One hundred eighty-three HIV+ adults underwent neuropsychological and neuromedical assessments, and determination of CSF Abeta-42 concentration and FHD (defined as a self-reported first or second-degree relative with a dementia diagnosis). Univariate analyses and multivariable logistic regressions were used. RESULTS: FHD was not associated with HAND (p = 0.24); however, CSF Abeta-42 levels were lower (p = 0.03) in the HAND group, but were not associated with FHD (p = 0.89). Multivariable models showed a main effect of CSF Abeta-42 (p = 0.03) and a trend-level (p = 0.06) interaction between FHD and CSF Abeta-42, such that lower CSF Abeta-42 was associated with HAND in
10.2174/1570162x14666151221145926
26673902
PMC4916008
Adult analysis Biomarkers Cerebrospinal Fluid CSF Dementia diagnosis disorders follow-up Hand history methods model Neuropsychological Risk self-reported
Fazeli PL, Moore DJ, Franklin DR, Umlauf A, Heaton RK, Collier AC, Marra CM, Clifford DB, Gelman BB, Sacktor NC, Morgello S, Simpson DM, McCutchan JA, Grant I, Letendre SL (2016). Lower CSF abeta is associated with HAND in HIV-infected adults with a family history of dementia. Curr HIV Res, 14(4), 324-330. PMC4916008
Journal Article
Fat Matters: Understanding the Role of Adipose Tissue in Health in HIV Infection
Curr HIV/AIDS Rep
2016
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26830284
More than one-third of adults in the USA are obese and obesity-related disease accounts for some of the leading causes of preventable death. Mid-life obesity may be a strong predictor of physical function impairment later in life regardless of body mass index (BMI) in older age, highlighting the benefits of obesity prevention on health throughout the lifespan. Adipose tissue disturbances including lipodystrophy and obesity are prevalent in the setting of treated and untreated HIV infection. This article will review current knowledge on fat disturbances in HIV-infected persons, including therapeutic options and future directions.
10.1007/s11904-016-0298-8
26830284
PMC4779424
Adipocytes/*pathology Adipose Tissue/cytology/*physiopathology Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Body Fat Distribution HIV Infections/drug therapy/*pathology/virology Humans Lipodystrophy/complications/*epidemiology/therapy Obesity/complications/*epidemiology/therapy United States/epidemiology Adipose tissue Antiretroviral therapy Bmi Hiv HIV infection Hiv/aids Inflammation Lipodystrophy Obesity Obesity and HIV Review
Erlandson KM, Lake JE (2016). Fat Matters: Understanding the Role of Adipose Tissue in Health in HIV Infection. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep, 13(1), 20-30. PMC4779424
Journal Article
NIHMS756617
Recent Insights Into Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Risk Among HIV-Infected Adults
Curr HIV/AIDS Rep
2016
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26910597
While mortality rates related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) have decreased over time among adults with HIV, excess risk of CVD in the HIV-infected population may persist despite highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) treatment and aggressive CVD risk factor control. Beyond atherosclerotic CVD, recent studies suggest that HIV infection may be associated with left ventricular systolic and diastolic function, interstitial myocardial fibrosis, and increased cardiac fat infiltration. Thus, with the increasing average age of the HIV-infected population, heart failure and arrhythmic disorders may soon rival coronary artery disease as the most prevalent forms of CVD. Finally, the question of whether HIV infection should be considered in clinical risk stratification has never been resolved, and this question has assumed new importance with recent changes to lipid treatment guidelines for prevention of CVD.
10.1007/s11904-016-0301-4
26910597
PMC6336192
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Arrhythmias, Cardiac/complications/*epidemiology/mortality Atherosclerosis/complications/*epidemiology/mortality Coronary Artery Disease/complications/*epidemiology/mortality Female HIV Infections/drug therapy/*pathology/virology Heart Failure/complications/*epidemiology/mortality Humans Male Middle Aged Aging Cvd Cardiovascular disease Coronary heart disease Epidemiology Hiv Hiv/aids Review
Kaplan RC, Hanna DB, Kizer JR (2016). Recent Insights Into Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Risk Among HIV-Infected Adults. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep, 13(1), 44-52. PMC6336192
Journal Article
Frailty in HIV: Epidemiology, Biology, Measurement, Interventions, and Research Needs
Curr HIV/AIDS Rep
2016
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27549318
Frailty is a critical aging-related syndrome marked by diminished physiologic reserve and heightened vulnerability to stressors, predisposing to major adverse clinical outcomes, including hospitalization, institutionalization, disability, and death in the general population of older adults. As the proportion of older adults living with HIV increases in the era of antiretroviral therapy, frailty is increasingly recognized to be of significant clinical and public health relevance to the HIV-infected population. This article reviews current knowledge on the epidemiology and biology of frailty and its potential role as a target for reducing disparities in outcomes in HIV; conceptual frameworks and current approaches to frailty measurement; existing data on frailty interventions; and important areas for future research focus necessary to develop and advance effective strategies to prevent or ameliorate frailty and its marked adverse consequences among people living with HIV.
10.1007/s11904-016-0334-8
27549318
PMC5131367
Aged *Aging *Frail Elderly HIV Infections/*complications/*therapy Humans *Clinical outcomes *Deficit accumulation index *Disparities *Immunosenescence *Physical activity *Physical frailty phenotype
Piggott DA, Erlandson KM, Yarasheski KE (2016). Frailty in HIV: Epidemiology, Biology, Measurement, Interventions, and Research Needs. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep, 13(6), 340-348. PMC5131367
Journal Article
NIHMS812255
HIV and Aging Research in Women: An Overview
Curr HIV/AIDS Rep
2016
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27771876
This paper reviews some background issues as a foundation to place the ensuing supplement papers of this special issue section in context. The articles in this special supplement issue deepen and expand our understanding of biomedical, neurocognitive, and psychosocial aspects involved in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) of older women, primarily through the use of the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) prospective cohort study. As it relates to research on the intersection between HIV and aging in women, we discuss (i) epidemiology as introduction, (ii) the cohort study design featuring the WIHS, (iii) definitions, (iv) models, and (v) section articles.
10.1007/s11904-016-0338-4
27771876
Aged *Aging Biomedical Research Female *HIV Infections Humans Middle Aged Neurocognitive Disorders Prospective Studies *Women's Health *Aging/HIV definitions *Aging/HIV models *hiv *Women *Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS)
Stoff DM, Colosi D, Rubtsova A, Wingood G (2016). HIV and Aging Research in Women: An Overview. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep, 13(6), 383-391.
Journal Article
Aging and Neurocognitive Functioning in HIV-Infected Women: a Review of the Literature Involving the Women's Interagency HIV Study
Curr HIV/AIDS Rep
2016
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27730446
HIV-infected women may be particularly vulnerable to certain types of neurocognitive impairments which may be exacerbated by aging and other predictors. Within the context of cognitive reserve, this article examines issues surrounding women as they age with HIV. For this, a review of 12 recent studies (2013-2016) using data from the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), the largest cohort study comparing HIV-infected and demographically matched uninfected women, is presented that specifically examines neurocognition. In general, HIV-infected women are more vulnerable to developing neurocognitive impairments than uninfected women; other factors that may contribute to these neurocognitive impairments include recent illicit drug use, reading level (educational quality/cognitive reserve), stress, PTSD, insulin resistance, liver fibrosis, and age. Surprisingly, when examined in some analyses, age x HIV interactions were not observed to impact neurocognitive performance, findings largely con
10.1007/s11904-016-0340-x
27730446
PMC5110037
*Aging Cognition Disorders/*complications Female HIV Infections/*complications/psychology Humans Neuropsychological Tests *aids *Anthropometric *Attention *Cognition *Cognitive reserve women *Diabetes mellitus *Executive function *Fine motor skills *hiv *HIV-infected women *Insulin resistance *Liver fibrosis *mri *Memory *Neurocognition *Neuroimaging *ptsd *Stress *Verbal fluency *Verbal learning *Verbal memory *wihs *Women with HIV *Women's Interagency HIV Study
Vance DE, Rubin LH, Valcour V, Waldrop-Valverde D, Maki PM (2016). Aging and Neurocognitive Functioning in HIV-Infected Women: a Review of the Literature Involving the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep, 13(6), 399-411. PMC5110037
Journal Article
Bone Loss Among Women Living With HIV
Curr HIV/AIDS Rep
2016
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27678124
Clinical data accumulated over the past two decades attests to a significant decline in bone mineral density (BMD) in patients infected by HIV, which does not remit but may actually intensify with anti-retroviral therapy (ART). Long generally perceived as an aberration without clinical consequences in relatively young HIV-infected cohorts, recent studies have documented marked increases in fracture incidence in HIV-infected men and women over a wide age continuum. Fractures are associated with chronic pain, crippling morbidity, and increased mortality, undermining the gains in quality of life achieved though ART. As bone loss and resulting increases in fracture incidence are a natural consequence of aging, there is now concern regarding the long-term consequences of HIV/ART-associated premature bone loss, given the transition of the HIV/AIDS population into an older age demographic. The development of guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of bone disease within the context of HIV and
10.1007/s11904-016-0336-6
27678124
PMC5120862
Anti-Retroviral Agents/*adverse effects/therapeutic use Bone Density Bone Diseases, Metabolic/*chemically induced/*complications Bone and Bones/*drug effects Female Fractures, Bone HIV Infections/*complications Humans Male Quality of Life *art *Adiposity *Anti-retroviral therapy *B cells *Bone loss *Falls *Fracture *haart *hiv *opg *Osteoclasts *Osteoporosis *rankl *T cells *tnf *cART
Weitzmann MN, Ofotokun I, Titanji K, Sharma A, Yin MT (2016). Bone Loss Among Women Living With HIV. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep, 13(6), 367-373. PMC5120862
Journal Article
More than osteoporosis: age-specific issues in bone health
Curr Opin HIV AIDS
2016
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26882460
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The interaction between fall and fracture risk factors is an area of increasing clinical relevance, but little information is known about the age-specific issues in bone health unique to HIV-infected adults. The present review will focus on what is known about falls and fall risk factors among HIV-infected adults, and then review the association between decreased muscle, increased adiposity, and frailty with both low bone mineral density (BMD) and falls. RECENT FINDINGS: The rate of falls among middle-aged HIV-infected adults is similar to that of HIV-uninfected adults 65 years and older. Many of the clinical factors that contribute to low BMD overlap with risk factors for falls, resulting in a high risk of a serious fall among older adults with the greatest risk for a fracture. Low muscle mass, increased adiposity and metabolic syndrome, physical function impairment and frailty, common among older HIV-infected adults, contribute to an increased risk for low BMD and
10.1097/COH.0000000000000258
26882460
PMC4859322
*Accidental Falls *Adiposity Aged Aged, 80 and over Fractures, Bone/*epidemiology HIV Infections/*complications/physiopathology Humans Muscular Atrophy/*complications *Osteoporosis Risk Factors
Erlandson KM, Guaraldi G, Falutz J (2016). More than osteoporosis: age-specific issues in bone health. Curr Opin HIV AIDS, 11(3), 343-50. PMC4859322
Journal Article
NIHMS777572
Stability of cytokines, chemokines and soluble activation markers in unprocessed blood stored under different conditions
Cytokine
2016
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27208752
BACKGROUND: Biomarkers such as cytokines, chemokines, and soluble activation markers can be unstable when processing of blood is delayed. The stability of various biomarkers in serum and plasma was investigated when unprocessed blood samples were stored for up to 24h at room and refrigerator temperature. METHODS: Blood was collected from 16 healthy volunteers. Unprocessed serum, EDTA and heparinized blood was stored at room (20-25 degrees C) and refrigerator temperature (4-8 degrees C) for 0.5, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 24h after collection before centrifugation and separation of serum and plasma. Samples were batch tested for various biomarkers using commercially available immunoassays. Statistically significant changes were determined using the generalized estimating equation. RESULTS: IFN-gamma, sIL-2Ralpha, sTNF-RII and beta2-microglobulin were stable in unprocessed serum, EDTA and heparinized blood samples stored at either room or refrigerator temperature for up to 24h. IL-6, TNF-alpha, MIP
10.1016/j.cyto.2016.05.010
27208752
PMC4910822
Biomarkers/*blood Blood Specimen Collection/methods Chemokines/*blood Cytokines/*blood Humans Plasma/*chemistry Temperature *Biomarker *Chemokines *Cytokines *Significant relative change *Soluble activation marker *Stability
Aziz N, Detels R, Quint JJ, Li Q, Gjertson D, Butch AW (2016). Stability of cytokines, chemokines and soluble activation markers in unprocessed blood stored under different conditions. Cytokine, 84(), 17-24. PMC4910822
Journal Article
Association of serum cytokines with oral HPV clearance
Cytokine
2016
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27064455
BACKGROUND: Initial studies suggest higher serum levels of some pro-inflammatory cytokines may be associated with decreased cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) clearance. However, the relationship of cytokines with oral HPV clearance has not been explored. METHODS: From 2010 to 2014, oral rinse and serum samples were collected semi-annually from 1601 adults. Oral rinse samples were tested for HPV DNA using PCR. Based on oral HPV results, 931 serum samples were selected for cytokine evaluation to include a roughly equal number of prevalent (n=307), incident (n=313), and no oral HPV infections (n=311). Electrochemiluminescence multiplex assays were used to determine the concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12 and IL-13. The relationship between serum cytokine concentrations (categorized into quartiles) and oral HPV clearance was evaluated with Wei-Lin-Weissfeld regression models, adjusting for HPV infection type (prevalent vs. incident), age
10.1016/j.cyto.2016.04.002
27064455
PMC4875862
Adult CD4 Lymphocyte Count CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism Cytokines/*blood Female Humans Male Middle Aged Mouth Diseases/*blood *Papillomaviridae Papillomavirus Infections/*blood *Infection *Natural history *Oral HPV *Persistence *tnf
Lam JO, Bream JH, Sugar EA, Coles CL, Weber KM, Burk RD, Wiley DJ, Cranston RD, Reddy S, Margolick JB, Strickler HD, Wentz A, Jacobson L, Guo Y, Xiao W, Gillison ML, D'Souza G (2016). Association of serum cytokines with oral HPV clearance. Cytokine, 83(), 85-91. PMC4875862
Journal Article
Host factors associated with serologic inflammatory markers assessed using multiplex assays
Cytokine
2016
6/10/2016
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27295613
Chronic systemic inflammation contributes to the development of adverse health conditions, yet the influence of fixed and modifiable risk factors on many serologic biomarkers of inflammation remains largely unknown. Serum concentrations of twenty-three biomarkers, including C-reactive protein (CRP), cytokines (CXCL11, CXCL8, CXCL10, CCL2, CCL13, CCL4, CCL17, CXCL13, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-2, IFN-gamma, IL-1beta, GM-CSF, BAFF), and soluble immune receptors (sCD14, sIL-2Ralpha, sCD27, sgp130, sTNF-R2) were measured longitudinally using multiplexed immunometric assays in 250 HIV-uninfected men followed in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (1984-2009). Generalized gamma regression was used to determine the statistical significance of factors associated with each biomarker. After accounting for age, race, and education, and for analysis of multiple biomarkers, higher concentrations of specific individual biomarkers were significantly (P<0.002) associated with hypertension, obe
10.1016/j.cyto.2016.05.016
27295613
PMC5088708
age AIDS analysis assay Baltimore Biomarkers C-Reactive Protein Chicago cohort Cohort Studies cohort study cytokine Cytokines Disease Education epidemiology genetics health hepatitis Hepatitis C Hypertension immune immunology infection Inflammation Los Angeles marker markers microbiology multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Obesity Pittsburgh prevention Public Health Risk Risk Factors sera Serum statistical study treatment virology
McKay HS, Bream JH, Margolick JB, Martínez-Maza O, Phair JP, Rinaldo CR, Abraham AG, Jacobson LP (2016). Host factors associated with serologic inflammatory markers assessed using multiplex assays. Cytokine, 85(), 71-79. PMC5088708
Journal Article
Data on serologic inflammatory biomarkers assessed using multiplex assays and host characteristics in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS)
Data Brief
2016
Dec-16
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27668272
This article contains data on the associations between fixed and modifiable host characteristics and twenty-three biomarkers of inflammation and immune activation measured longitudinally in a cohort of 250 HIV-uninfected men from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (1984-2009) after adjusting for age, study site, and blood draw time of day using generalized gamma regression. This article also presents associations between each biomarker and each host characteristic in a sample restricted to 2001-2009. These data are supplemental to our original research article entitled "Host factors associated with serologic inflammatory markers assessed using multiplex assays" (McKay, S. Heather, Bream, H. Jay, Margolick, B. Joseph, Martinez-Maza, Otoniel, Phair, P. John, Rinaldo, R. Charles, Abraham, G. Alison, L.P. Jacobson, 2016) [1]
10.1016/j.dib.2016.08.019
27668272
PMC5024314
activation age AIDS assay Baltimore Biomarkers blood characteristics Chicago cohort Cohort Studies cohort study epidemiology genetics health immune immune activation immunology Inflammation Los Angeles MACS marker markers microbiology multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Pittsburgh Public Health research study Time virology
McKay HS, Bream JH, Margolick JB, Martínez-Maza O, Magpantay LI, Phair JP, Rinaldo CR, Abraham AG, Jacobson LP (2016). Data on serologic inflammatory biomarkers assessed using multiplex assays and host characteristics in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Data Brief, 9(), 262-270. PMC5024314
Journal Article
Targeted Spontaneous Reporting: Assessing Opportunities to Conduct Routine Pharmacovigilance for Antiretroviral Treatment on an International Scale
Drug Saf
2016
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27282427
INTRODUCTION: Targeted spontaneous reporting (TSR) is a pharmacovigilance method that can enhance reporting of adverse drug reactions related to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Minimal data exist on the needs or capacity of facilities to conduct TSR. OBJECTIVES: Using data from the International epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) Consortium, the present study had two objectives: (1) to develop a list of facility characteristics that could constitute key assets in the conduct of TSR; (2) to use this list as a starting point to describe the existing capacity of IeDEA-participating facilities to conduct pharmacovigilance through TSR. METHODS: We generated our facility characteristics list using an iterative approach, through a review of relevant World Health Organization (WHO) and Uppsala Monitoring Centre documents focused on pharmacovigilance activities related to HIV and ART and consultation with expert stakeholders. IeDEA facility data were drawn from a 2009/2010 IeDEA sit
10.1007/s40264-016-0434-9
27282427
PMC5018020
Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems/*organization & administration Anti-Retroviral Agents/*adverse effects Databases, Pharmaceutical Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/epidemiology Humans International Cooperation *Pharmacovigilance
Rachlis B, Karwa R, Chema C, Pastakia S, Olsson S, Wools-Kaloustian K, Jakait B, Maina M, Yotebieng M, Kumarasamy N, Freeman A, de Rekeneire N, Duda SN, Davies MA, Braitstein P (2016). Targeted Spontaneous Reporting: Assessing Opportunities to Conduct Routine Pharmacovigilance for Antiretroviral Treatment on an International Scale. Drug Saf, 39(10), 959-76. PMC5018020
Journal Article
Macrophage accumulation in gut mucosa differentiates AIDS from chronic SIV infection in rhesus macaques
Eur J Immunol
2016
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26549608
The relationship between recruitment of mononuclear phagocytes to lymphoid and gut tissues and disease in HIV and SIV infection remains unclear. To address this question, we conducted cross-sectional analyses of dendritic cell (DC) subsets and CD163(+) macrophages in lymph nodes (LNs) and ileum of rhesus macaques with acute and chronic SIV infection and AIDS. In LNs significant differences were only evident when comparing uninfected and AIDS groups, with loss of myeloid DCs and CD103(+) DCs from peripheral and mesenteric LNs, respectively, and accumulation of plasmacytoid DCs and macrophages in mesenteric LNs. In contrast, there were fourfold more macrophages in ileum lamina propria in macaques with AIDS compared with chronic infection, and this increased to 40-fold in Peyer's patches. Gut macrophages exceeded plasmacytoid DCs and CD103(+) DCs by ten- to 17-fold in monkeys with AIDS but were at similar low frequencies as DCs in chronic infection. Gut macrophages in macaques with AIDS e
10.1002/eji.201545738
26549608
PMC5751443
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology Acute Disease Animals Cell Movement Cells, Cultured Chronic Disease Cross-Sectional Studies Dendritic Cells/*immunology/virology Humans Interferon-alpha/metabolism Intestinal Mucosa/*immunology *Macaca mulatta Macrophages/*immunology/virology Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism Aids gut macrophages lymphoid tissue mononuclear phagocytes nonhuman primate
Swan ZD, Wonderlich ER, Barratt-Boyes SM (2016). Macrophage accumulation in gut mucosa differentiates AIDS from chronic SIV infection in rhesus macaques. Eur J Immunol, 46(2), 446-54. PMC5751443
Journal Article
NIHMS753175
Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies with Correlated Individuals: Application to the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)
Genet Epidemiol
2016
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27256683
Investigators often meta-analyze multiple genome-wide association studies (GWASs) to increase the power to detect associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with a trait. Meta-analysis is also performed within a single cohort that is stratified by, e.g., sex or ancestry group. Having correlated individuals among the strata may complicate meta-analyses, limit power, and inflate Type 1 error. For example, in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), sources of correlation include genetic relatedness, shared household, and shared community. We propose a novel mixed-effect model for meta-analysis, "MetaCor," which accounts for correlation between stratum-specific effect estimates. Simulations show that MetaCor controls inflation better than alternatives such as ignoring the correlation between the strata or analyzing all strata together in a "pooled" GWAS, especially with different minor allele frequencies (MAFs) between strata. We illustrate the benefits
10.1002/gepi.21981
27256683
PMC4981554
Body Mass Index Dental Caries/genetics/pathology Gene Frequency *Genome-Wide Association Study Hispanic Americans/*genetics Humans Models, Genetic Phenotype Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide Public Health *effect heterogeneity *inflation *mixed models *stratified analysis
Sofer T, Shaffer JR, Graff M, Qi Q, Stilp AM, Gogarten SM, North KE, Isasi CR, Laurie CC, Szpiro AA (2016). Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies with Correlated Individuals: Application to the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). Genet Epidemiol, 40(6), 492-501. PMC4981554
Journal Article
NIHMS798953
An epigenetic clock analysis of race/ethnicity, sex, and coronary heart disease
Genome Biol
2016
11-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27511193
BACKGROUND: Epigenetic biomarkers of aging (the "epigenetic clock") have the potential to address puzzling findings surrounding mortality rates and incidence of cardio-metabolic disease such as: (1) women consistently exhibiting lower mortality than men despite having higher levels of morbidity; (2) racial/ethnic groups having different mortality rates even after adjusting for socioeconomic differences; (3) the black/white mortality cross-over effect in late adulthood; and (4) Hispanics in the United States having a longer life expectancy than Caucasians despite having a higher burden of traditional cardio-metabolic risk factors. RESULTS: We analyzed blood, saliva, and brain samples from seven different racial/ethnic groups. We assessed the intrinsic epigenetic age acceleration of blood (independent of blood cell counts) and the extrinsic epigenetic aging rates of blood (dependent on blood cell counts and tracks the age of the immune system). In blood, Hispanics and Tsimane Amerindians
10.1186/s13059-016-1030-0
27511193
PMC4980791
African Americans/genetics Aged Aging/*genetics Continental Population Groups/genetics Coronary Disease/*genetics/*mortality/physiopathology DNA Methylation/*genetics Epigenesis, Genetic/*genetics European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics Female Hispanic Americans/genetics Humans Male Risk Factors Sex Characteristics United States/epidemiology *Aging *Black/white mortality cross-over *Coronary heart disease *DNA methylation *Epigenetic clock *Gender *Hispanic paradox *Race
Horvath S, Gurven M, Levine ME, Trumble BC, Kaplan H, Allayee H, Ritz BR, Chen B, Lu AT, Rickabaugh TM, Jamieson BD, Sun D, Li S, Chen W, Quintana-Murci L, Fagny M, Kobor MS, Tsao PS, Reiner AP, Edlefsen KL, Absher D, Assimes TL (2016). An epigenetic clock analysis of race/ethnicity, sex, and coronary heart disease. Genome Biol, 17(1), 171. PMC4980791
Journal Article
Agreement between circulating IGF-I, IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-3 levels measured by current assays versus unavailable assays previously used in epidemiological studies
Growth Horm IGF Res
2016
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26774400
OBJECTIVE: Levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) proteins are associated with the risk of cancer and mortality. IGF assays produced by Diagnostic Systems Laboratories (DSL) were widely used in epidemiological studies, were not calibrated against recommended standards and are no longer commercially available. DESIGN: In a split sample study among 1471 adults participating in the Cardiovascular Health Study, we compared values obtained using DSL assays with alternative assays for serum IGF-I (Immunodiagnostic Systems, IDS), IGFBP-1 (American Laboratory Products Company, ALPCO) and IGFBP-3 (IDS). RESULTS: Results were compared using kernel density estimation plots, quartile analysis with weighted kappa statistics and linear regression models to assess the concordance of data from the different assays. Participants had a mean age of 77years. Results between alternative assays were strongly correlated (IGF-I, r=0.93 for DSL versus IDS; log-IGFBP-1, r=0.90 for DSL versus ALPCO; IGFBP-3,
10.1016/j.ghir.2015.12.007
26774400
PMC4724357
Aged Aged, 80 and over Cohort Studies Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods Epidemiologic Studies Female Humans Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1/analysis/*blood Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3/analysis/*blood Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/*analysis/metabolism Male Reproducibility of Results Diabetes Glycemic status Insulin-like growth factor
Aneke-Nash CS, Dominguez-Islas C, Bůžková P, Qi Q, Xue X, Pollak M, Strickler HD, Kaplan RC. (2016). Agreement between circulating IGF-I, IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-3 levels measured by current assays versus unavailable assays previously used in epidemiological studies. Growth Horm IGF Res, 26(), 6-Nov. PMC4724357
Journal Article
NIHMS745157
Acute and Chronic Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected U.S. Women
Hepatology
2016
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26646162
UNLABELLED: Exposure to hepatitis E virus (HEV) is common in the United States, but there are few data on prevalence of HEV/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection in U.S. POPULATIONS: We tested 2,919 plasma samples collected from HIV-infected (HIV(+)) women and men enrolled in U.S. cohort studies for HEV viremia using a high-throughput nucleic acid testing (NAT) platform. NAT(+) samples were confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Samples were selected for testing primarily on the basis of biomarkers of liver disease and immune suppression. Prevalence of HEV viremia was 3 of 2,606 and 0 of 313 in tested plasma samples collected from HIV(+) women and men, respectively. All HEV isolates were genotype 3a. Based on follow-up testing of stored samples, 1 woman had chronic HEV infection for >4 years whereas 2 women had acute HEV detectable at only a single study visit. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of chronic HEV infection in an HIV(+) U.S.
10.1002/hep.28384
26646162
PMC4764464
Adult Chronic Disease Female HIV Infections/blood/*complications Hepatitis E/blood/*complications Hepatitis E virus/genetics Humans Male Prospective Studies Viremia/virology
Kuniholm MH, Ong E, Hogema BM, Koppelman M, Anastos K, Peters MG, Seaberg EC, Chen Y, Nelson KE, Linnen JM (2016). Acute and Chronic Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected U.S. Women. Hepatology, 63(3), 712-20. PMC4764464
Journal Article
Telmisartan increases vascular reparative capacity in older HIV-infected adults: a pilot study
HIV Clin Trials
2016
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27658740
BACKGROUND: Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are bone marrow-derived cells that contribute to vascular repair. EPCs may be reduced in HIV-infected (HIV+) persons, contributing to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Telmisartan is an angiotensin receptor blocker that increases EPCs in HIV-uninfected adults. OBJECTIVE: To assess telmisartan's effects on EPC number and immunophenotype in older HIV + adults at risk for CVD. METHODS: HIV + persons >/=50 years old with HIV-1 RNA < 50 copies/mL on suppressive antiretroviral therapy and >/=1 CVD risk factor participated in a prospective, open-label, pilot study of oral telmisartan 80 mg daily for 12 weeks. Using CD34 and CD133 as markers of early maturity and KDR as a marker of endothelial lineage commitment, EPCs were quantified via flow cytometry and defined as viable CD3(-)/CD33(-)/CD19(-)/glycophorin(-) cells of four immunophenotypes: CD133(+)/KDR(+), CD34(+)/KDR(+), CD34(+)/CD133(+), or CD34(+)/KDR(+)/CD133(+). The primary endpoint was a 12-
10.1080/15284336.2016.1234222
27658740
PMC5470589
Aged Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers/*pharmacology Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Benzimidazoles/*pharmacology Benzoates/*pharmacology Biomarkers CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cardiovascular Diseases/*etiology/*metabolism Cell Count Endothelial Progenitor Cells/*drug effects/*metabolism Female HIV Infections/*complications/drug therapy/*metabolism Humans Male Middle Aged Phenotype Pilot Projects Prospective Studies Risk Factors Telmisartan Time Factors *Endothelial dysfunction *Endothelial progenitor cells *hiv *Telmisartan
Lake JE, Seang S, Kelesidis T, Currier JS, Yang OO (2016). Telmisartan increases vascular reparative capacity in older HIV-infected adults: a pilot study. HIV Clin Trials, 17(6), 225-232. PMC5470589
Journal Article
NIHMS861851
Thirty-day hospital readmissions for adults with and without HIV infection
HIV Med
2016
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26176492
OBJECTIVES: Risk-adjusted 30-day hospital readmission rate is a commonly used benchmark for hospital quality of care and for Medicare reimbursement. Persons living with HIV (PLWH) may have high readmission rates. This study compared 30-day readmission rates by HIV status in a multi-state sample with planned subgroup comparisons by insurance and diagnostic categories. METHODS: Data for all acute care, nonmilitary hospitalizations in nine states in 2011 were obtained from the Healthcare Costs and Utilization Project. The primary outcome was readmission for any cause within 30 days of hospital discharge. Factors associated with readmission were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 5 484 245 persons, including 33 556 (0.6%) PLWH, had a total of 6 441 695 index hospitalizations, including 45 382 (0.7%) among PLWH. Unadjusted readmission rates for hospitalizations of HIV-uninfected persons and PLWH were 11.2% [95% confidence interval (CI) 11.2, 11.2%] and 19.
10.1111/hiv.12287
26176492
PMC4713370
Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Benchmarking Female HIV Infections/*epidemiology Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data Humans Logistic Models Male Middle Aged *Patient Readmission/statistics & numerical data Risk Factors United States Young Adult Medicaid Medicare health care utilization hospital readmission
Berry SA, Fleishman JA, Moore RD, Gebo KA (2016). Thirty-day hospital readmissions for adults with and without HIV infection. HIV Med, 17(3), 167-77. PMC4713370
Journal Article
NIHMS694439
Fall frequency and associated factors among men and women with or at risk for HIV infection
HIV Med
2016
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27028463
OBJECTIVES: Falls and fall-related injuries are a major public health concern. HIV-infected adults have been shown to have a high incidence of falls. Identification of major risk factors for falls that are unique to HIV infection or similar to those in the general population will inform development of future interventions for fall prevention. METHODS: HIV-infected and uninfected men and women participating in the Hearing and Balance Substudy of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and Women's Interagency HIV Study were asked about balance symptoms and falls during the prior 12 months. Falls were categorized as 0, 1, or >/= 2; proportional odds logistic regression models were used to investigate relationships between falls and demographic and clinical variables and multivariable models were created. RESULTS: Twenty-four per cent of 303 HIV-infected participants reported at least one fall compared with 18% of 233 HIV-uninfected participants (P = 0.27). HIV-infected participants were demogra
10.1111/hiv.12378
27028463
PMC5042813
*Accidental Falls Aged Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/*complications Humans Incidence Male Middle Aged Risk Assessment * hiv *accidental fall *dizziness *musculoskeletal equilibrium *vertigo
Erlandson KM, Plankey MW, Springer G, Cohen HS, Cox C, Hoffman HJ, Yin MT, Brown TT (2016). Fall frequency and associated factors among men and women with or at risk for HIV infection. HIV Med, 17(10), 740-748. PMC5042813
Journal Article
Vitamin D, osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (OPG/RANKL) and inflammation with alendronate treatment in HIV-infected patients with reduced bone mineral density
HIV Med
2016
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26177791
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to determine the effect of alendronate (ALN) on inflammatory markers and osteoprotegerin (OPG)/receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL), and to explore the associations of baseline systemic inflammation and vitamin D status on the bone mineral density (BMD) response to ALN. METHODS: Eighty-two HIV-positive patients with lumbar spine T-score </= -1.5 were randomized to ALN 70 mg weekly or placebo for 48 weeks; all received calcium carbonate 500 mg/vitamin D3 200 IU twice daily. Serum C-telopeptide (CTx) and BMD were assessed at baseline and week 48. Stored plasma samples in 70 subjects were assayed for levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), OPG, RANKL, interleukin (IL)-6 and soluble receptors for tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha 1 and 2 (sTNFR 1 and 2). RESULTS: ALN increased BMD more than placebo at both the lumbar spine (difference ALN - placebo 2.64%; P = 0.011) and the total hip (difference 2.27%; P = 0.016). No within- or b
10.1111/hiv.12291
26177791
PMC4715784
Adult Alendronate/*administration & dosage/therapeutic use Bone Density/drug effects Bone Density Conservation Agents/*administration & dosage/therapeutic use Bone Resorption/*drug therapy/metabolism Cholecalciferol/*administration & dosage/pharmacology Double-Blind Method Drug Therapy, Combination Female HIV Infections/*complications/metabolism Humans Lumbar Vertebrae/drug effects/pathology Male Middle Aged RANK Ligand/*metabolism Treatment Outcome alendronate bone turnover marker inflammation low bone mineral density vitamin D
Natsag J, Kendall MA, Sellmeyer DE, McComsey GA, Brown TT (2016). Vitamin D, osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (OPG/RANKL) and inflammation with alendronate treatment in HIV-infected patients with reduced bone mineral density. HIV Med, 17(3), 196-205. PMC4715784
Journal Article
NIHMS708251
Transferrin receptor 1: a target for antibody-mediated cancer therapy
Immunotherapy
2016
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27373880
10.2217/imt-2016-0050
27373880
Animals Antibodies/*therapeutic use Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity Antigens, CD/immunology/*metabolism Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology/*metabolism Cell Proliferation Clinical Trials as Topic Humans Immunotherapy/*methods Immunotoxins/therapeutic use Iron/metabolism Neoplasms/immunology/*therapy Receptors, Transferrin/immunology/*metabolism *cd71 *antibody effector functions *cancer immunotherapy *cytotoxic antibody *drug delivery *iron deprivation *receptor-mediated endocytosis *transferrin receptor 1
Daniels-Wells TR, Penichet ML (2016). Transferrin receptor 1: a target for antibody-mediated cancer therapy. Immunotherapy, 8(9), 991-4.
Journal Article
The well-tempered SIV infection: Pathogenesis of SIV infection in natural hosts in the wild, with emphasis on virus transmission and early events post-infection that may contribute to protection from disease progression
Infect Genet Evol
2016
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27394696
African NHPs are infected by over 40 different simian immunodeficiency viruses. These viruses have coevolved with their hosts for long periods of time and, unlike HIV in humans, infection does not generally lead to disease progression. Chronic viral replication is maintained for the natural lifespan of the host, without loss of overall immune function. Lack of disease progression is not correlated with transmission, as SIV infection is highly prevalent in many African NHP species in the wild. The exact mechanisms by which these natural hosts of SIV avoid disease progression are still unclear, but a number of factors might play a role, including: (i) avoidance of microbial translocation from the gut lumen by preventing or repairing damage to the gut epithelium; (ii) control of immune activation and apoptosis following infection; (iii) establishment of an anti-inflammatory response that resolves chronic inflammation; (iv) maintenance of homeostasis of various immune cell populations, inc
10.1016/j.meegid.2016.07.006
27394696
PMC5360191
Animals Cercocebus Chlorocebus aethiops Disease Progression Genetic Variation Macaca *Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology/transmission *Simian Immunodeficiency Virus T-Lymphocytes/immunology/virology *African NHPs *ccr5 *Natural hosts *Pathogenesis *siv *Transmission
Raehtz K, Pandrea I, Apetrei C (2016). The well-tempered SIV infection: Pathogenesis of SIV infection in natural hosts in the wild, with emphasis on virus transmission and early events post-infection that may contribute to protection from disease progression. Infect Genet Evol, 46(), 308-323. PMC5360191
Journal Article
NIHMS803973
Malignancies Trends in a Hispanic Cohort of HIV Persons in Puerto Rico before and after cART
Int J Cancer Res
2016
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27695577
BACKGROUND: The study describes the cancer trends in a Puerto Rican Hispanic HIV/AIDS cohort for three different time periods as defined by the availability of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in the Island: pre (1992-1995), early (1996-2002, and recent (2003-2009). METHODS: AIDS and non-AIDS related malignancies risk, standardized incidence rate and one year mortality was evaluated in the cohort before and after cART. RESULTS: Of the 281 malignancies found in 265 persons; 72% were in men, 38% in injecting drug users and 42.3% were AIDS related cancers. AIDS related cancer standardized incidence rates decreased significantly in the cART eras; however, Kaposi's sarcoma and invasive cervical carcinoma incidence remained significantly higher in the cohort when compare to the general population. On the contrary, non-AIDS related cancer standardized incidence rates increased significantly in the cART eras, specifically those of the oral/cavity/pharynx, liver, anus, vaginal, and Hod
10.3923/ijcr.2016.92.100
27695577
PMC5042344
AIDS/Non-AIDS defining malignancies Cancer trends Hiv Hispanics Sir cART mortality risk conflict of interest.
Mayor AM, Santiago-Rodriguez EJ, Rios-Olivares E, Tortolero-Luna G, Hunter-Mellado RF (2016). Malignancies Trends in a Hispanic Cohort of HIV Persons in Puerto Rico before and after cART. Int J Cancer Res, 12(2), 92-100. PMC5042344
Journal Article
NIHMS815922
Human leucocyte antigen class I and II imputation in a multiracial population
Int J Immunogenet
2016
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27774761
Human leucocyte antigen (HLA) genes play a central role in response to pathogens and in autoimmunity. Research to understand the effects of HLA genes on health has been limited because HLA genotyping protocols are labour intensive and expensive. Recently, algorithms to impute HLA genotype data using genome-wide association study (GWAS) data have been published. However, imputation accuracy for most of these algorithms was based primarily on training data sets of European ancestry individuals. We considered performance of two HLA-dedicated imputation algorithms - SNP2HLA and HIBAG - in a multiracial population of n = 1587 women with HLA genotyping data by gold standard methods. We first compared accuracy - defined as the percentage of correctly predicted alleles - of HLA-B and HLA-C imputation using SNP2HLA and HIBAG using a breakdown of the data set into an 80% training group and a 20% testing group. Estimates of accuracy for HIBAG were either the same or better than those for SNP2HLA.
10.1111/iji.12292
27774761
PMC5118156
European Continental Ancestry Group Female Genome-Wide Association Study Genotype HLA Antigens/*genetics/immunology HLA-A Antigens/*genetics/immunology HLA-B Antigens/*genetics/immunology HLA-C Antigens/*genetics/immunology Haplotypes Humans
Kuniholm MH, Xie X, Anastos K, Xue X, Reimers L, French AL, Gange SJ, Kassaye SG, Kovacs A, Wang T, Aouizerat BE, Strickler HD (2016). Human leucocyte antigen class I and II imputation in a multiracial population. Int J Immunogenet, 43(6), 369-375. PMC5118156
Journal Article
Anal Cancer Screening in Men Who Have Sex With Men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2016
15-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26656784
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of anal cytology (ACyt) abnormalities among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected men who have sex with men (MSM). DESIGN: Multicenter cohort study of 723 HIV-infected and 788 HIV-uninfected MSM with ACyt, with a second ACyt collected 2 years later. A referral for high-resolution anoscopy was suggested for abnormal ACyt. METHODS: ACyt samples were collected using a polyester swab and liquid cytology media and read in a central laboratory. RESULTS: Prevalence of any abnormal ACyt was 25% in HIV-uninfected MSM and increased to 38%, 41%, and 47% among HIV-infected MSM with current CD4 T-cell counts >/=500, 350-499, and <350 cells/mm (P < 0.001), respectively. Anal HPV16 DNA was also more common in HIV-infected than HIV-uninfected MSM (25% versus 16%, P < 0.001). Abnormal baseline ACyt together with prevalent HPV16 DNA detection was present in only 7% of HIV-uninfected MSM compared to 18% of HIV-infected MSM with current CD4 < 350, P < 0.001. Among HIV-infec
10.1097/QAI.0000000000000910
26656784
PMC4788521
Adult Aged Anus Neoplasms/diagnosis/*epidemiology CD4 Lymphocyte Count CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/epidemiology Cohort Studies Cytodiagnosis Early Detection of Cancer HIV Infections/*complications Homosexuality, Male/*statistics & numerical data Humans Male Middle Aged Papillomavirus Infections/epidemiology Prevalence Proctoscopy United States/epidemiology
DʼSouza G, Wentz A, Wiley D, Shah N, Barrington F, Darragh TM, Joste N, Plankey M, Reddy S, Breen EC, Young S, Cranston RD (2016). Anal Cancer Screening in Men Who Have Sex With Men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 71(5), 570-6. PMC4788521
Journal Article
Isolated Hepatitis B Core Antibody Status Is Not Associated With Accelerated Liver Disease Progression in HIV/Hepatitis C Coinfection
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2016
1-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26918547
BACKGROUND: Isolated hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) is a common serologic finding in HIV-infected persons, but the clinical significance is uncertain. We studied HIV/hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected women over time to determine whether the trajectory of liver disease progression is affected by isolated anti-HBc serologic status. METHODS: We performed serial enhanced liver fibrosis (ELF) markers on HIV/HCV-coinfected women to assess liver disease progression trajectory over time comparing women with isolated anti-HBc to women with either negative HB serologies, anti-HBs alone, or anti-HBc and anti-HBs. ELF, a serum marker that combines direct markers of extracellular matrix remodeling and fibrosis, was performed on serum stored biannually. Women with at least 3 ELF determinations and persistent HCV RNA positivity were included. RESULTS: Three hundred forty-four women, including 132 with isolated anti-HBc and 212 with other serologic findings, were included. A median of 6 (interqua
10.1097/QAI.0000000000000969
26918547
PMC4911240
Adult Biomarkers/blood CD4 Lymphocyte Count Case-Control Studies Coinfection DNA, Viral/blood *Disease Progression Female HIV Infections/blood/*complications/*immunology Hepatitis B/blood/complications/*immunology Hepatitis B Antibodies/*blood/immunology Hepatitis B Core Antigens/immunology Hepatitis C/blood/*complications/*immunology Humans Risk Factors United States
French AL, Hotton A, Young M, Nowicki M, Augenbraun M, Anastos K, Seaberg E, Rosenberg W, Peters MG (2016). Isolated Hepatitis B Core Antibody Status Is Not Associated With Accelerated Liver Disease Progression in HIV/Hepatitis C Coinfection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 72(3), 274-80. PMC4911240
Journal Article
Brief Report: Cumulative tenofovir disoproxil fumarate exposure is associated with biomarkers of tubular injury and fibrosis in HIV-infected men
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2016
10/1/2016
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27088295
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) can cause kidney damage, but current clinical tests are insensitive for detecting toxicity. Among 884 HIV-infected men enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, we measured urine biomarkers specific for tubular damage (interleukin-18, kidney injury molecule-1, procollagen type III N-terminal propeptide) and albuminuria. In adjusted analyses, each year of TDF exposure was independently associated with 3.3% higher interleukin-18 (95% CI: 0.8% to 5.8%), 3.4% higher kidney injury molecule-1 (1.1% to 5.7%), and 3.1% higher procollagen type III N-terminal propeptide (0.8% to 5.5%), but not with albuminuria (2.8%; -0.6% to 6.2%). Biomarkers of tubular damage may be more sensitive than albuminuria for detecting toxicity from TDF and other medications
10.1097/QAI.0000000000001027 [doi]
27088295
PMC5023456
AIDS Baltimore Biomarkers Biomedical Research Biostatistics Chicago clinical cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Disease epidemiology health Hiv Hypertension infectious diseases Kidney Los Angeles multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Pittsburgh Public Health research San Francisco study toxicity
Jotwani V, Scherzer R, Estrella MM, Jacobson LP, Witt MD, Palella F, Macatangay B, Bennett M, Parikh CR, Ix JH, Shlipak M (2016). Brief Report: Cumulative tenofovir disoproxil fumarate exposure is associated with biomarkers of tubular injury and fibrosis in HIV-infected men. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 73(2), 177-181. PMC5023456
Journal Article
Impact of Hepatitis C Virus on the Circulating Levels of IL-7 in HIV-1 Coinfected Women
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2016
1-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26761519
OBJECTIVES: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection causes an alteration in T-cell maturation and activation in patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Because interleukin 7 (IL-7) is a major cytokine controlling T-cell homeostasis, we analyzed the potential influence of HCV coinfection on circulating IL-7 levels in HIV-infected women before and after highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). DESIGN AND METHODS: This prospective study included 56 HIV monoinfected, 55 HIV/HCV coinfected without HCV viremia, 132 HIV/HCV coinfected with HCV viremia, and 61 HIV/HCV-uninfected women for whom plasma levels of IL-7 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at 1 or more follow-up visits before and after HAART. Cross-sectional analyses of the associations between plasma IL-7 levels and HCV infection, demographic, clinical, and immunologic characteristics were evaluated using univariate and multivariate linear regression models before and after HAART. RESULTS: In mu
10.1097/QAI.0000000000000832
26761519
PMC4712709
Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology *Coinfection Cross-Sectional Studies Female HIV Infections/complications/drug therapy/*immunology HIV-1/*immunology Hepacivirus/*immunology Hepatitis C/complications/*immunology Humans Interleukin-7/*blood Middle Aged Natural Killer T-Cells Prospective Studies Viremia
Kerzerho J, McIlvaine EJ, Anthony P, Mack WJ, Wang CH, Frederick T, Operskalski E, Chen Z, Al-Harthi L, Landay A, Young MA, Tien PC, Augenbraun M, Strickler HD, Akbari O, Golub ET, Sharp GB, Kovacs A (2016). Impact of Hepatitis C Virus on the Circulating Levels of IL-7 in HIV-1 Coinfected Women. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 71(2), 172-80. PMC4712709
Journal Article
Higher Time-Updated Body Mass Index: Association With Improved CD4+ Cell Recovery on HIV Treatment
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2016
1-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27116044
BACKGROUND: Prior studies found overweight or obese HIV-infected individuals had greater early CD4 cell recovery on antiretroviral therapy (ART), but the results have been inconsistent. We assessed the longitudinal relationship between body mass index (BMI) and CD4 cell recovery on ART in a large, multisite cohort to identify potential physiologic links between adiposity and CD4 cell expansion. METHODS: We modeled the relationship of time-updated BMI with CD4 count in patients starting ART from 17 North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD) cohorts. The primary analysis used a linear mixed effects model incorporating up to 13 years of data per patient and adjusted for age, sex, race, ART regimen, baseline CD4 count and other covariates. Sensitivity analyses limited the cohort to patients with sustained viral suppression or censored at virologic failure. RESULTS: Fourteen thousand eighty-four HIV-infected individuals initiating ART contributed data betwee
10.1097/QAI.0000000000001035
27116044
PMC5023455
Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use *Body Mass Index *CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy Humans Male
Koethe JR, Jenkins CA, Lau B, Shepherd BE, Wester W, Rebeiro PF, Silverberg MJ, Thorne JE, Gill J, Mayor AM, Willig A, Bosch R, Horberg MA, Justice AC, Sterling TR, Moore RD; North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD). (2016). Higher Time-Updated Body Mass Index: Association With Improved CD4+ Cell Recovery on HIV Treatment. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 73(2), 197-204. PMC5023455
Journal Article
NIHMS777814
Association of Hepatitis C Virus Infection With CD4/CD8 Ratio in HIV-Positive Women
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2016
1-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27183178
BACKGROUND: Recent studies reported that the CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio is inversely associated with biomarkers traditionally used to measure immune activation and systemic inflammation in highly active antiretroviral therapy-treated HIV-infected (HIV+) patients. The relation of hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection with the CD4/CD8 ratio in HIV+ patients is unknown. METHODS: We examined 50,201 CD4/CD8 ratios measured over 20 years in 3 groups of HIV+ women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study: HCV antibody negative (n = 1734), cleared HCV (n = 231), and chronic HCV (n = 751) in multivariate models. IFNL4-DeltaG genotype and HCV viral load were also considered. RESULTS: Compared with HCV antibody negative status, chronic HCV infection was associated with lower CD4/CD8 ratios when HIV viral load was suppressed to the lower limit of quantification (beta = -0.08; P = 0.002). Cleared HCV (beta = -0.10; P = 0.0009), but not IFNL4-DeltaG genotype or HCV viral load, was also associated with
10.1097/QAI.0000000000000928
27183178
PMC4874499
Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Biomarkers CD4 Lymphocyte Count *CD4-CD8 Ratio Coinfection/immunology Female Flow Cytometry HIV Infections/*complications/drug therapy/*immunology Hepatitis C, Chronic/*complications/drug therapy/*immunology Humans Interleukins/immunology Prospective Studies Viral Load/immunology
Kuniholm MH, OʼBrien TR, Prokunina-Olsson L, Augenbraun M, Plankey M, Karim R, Sarkar M, French AL, Pierce C, Strickler HD, Anastos K (2016). Association of Hepatitis C Virus Infection With CD4/CD8 Ratio in HIV-Positive Women. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 72(2), 162-70. PMC4874499
Journal Article
Risk Factors Associated With Quantitative Evidence of Lung Emphysema and Fibrosis in an HIV-Infected Cohort
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2016
1-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26914911
INTRODUCTION: The disease spectrum for HIV-infected individuals has shifted toward comorbid non-AIDS conditions including chronic lung disease, but quantitative image analysis of lung disease has not been performed. OBJECTIVES: To quantify the prevalence of structural changes of the lung indicating emphysema or fibrosis on radiographic examination. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis of 510 HIV-infected participants in the multicenter Lung-HIV study was performed. Data collected included demographics, biological markers of HIV, pulmonary function testing, and chest computed tomographic examinations. Emphysema and fibrosis-like changes were quantified on computed tomographic images based on threshold approaches. RESULTS: In our cohort, 69% was on antiretroviral therapy, 13% had a current CD4 cell count less than 200 cells per microliter, 39% had an HIV viral load greater than 500 copies per milliliter, and 25% had at least a trace level of emphysema (defined as >2.5% of voxels <-950HU).
10.1097/QAI.0000000000000894
26914911
PMC4770858
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Female HIV Infections/*complications/drug therapy Humans Male Middle Aged Pulmonary Emphysema/diagnostic imaging/*etiology Pulmonary Fibrosis/diagnostic imaging/*etiology Risk Factors Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Leader JK, Crothers K, Huang L, King MA, Morris A, Thompson BW, Flores SC, Drummond MB, Rom WN, Diaz PT (2016). Risk Factors Associated With Quantitative Evidence of Lung Emphysema and Fibrosis in an HIV-Infected Cohort. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 71(4), 420-7. PMC4770858
Journal Article
Impact of Health Insurance, ADAP, and Income on HIV Viral Suppression Among US Women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study, 2006-2009
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2016
1-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27763995
BACKGROUND: Implementation of the Affordable Care Act motivates assessment of health insurance and supplementary programs, such as the AIDS Drug Assistance Program (ADAP) on health outcomes of HIV-infected people in the United States. We assessed the effects of health insurance, ADAP, and income on HIV viral load suppression. METHODS: We used existing cohort data from the HIV-infected participants of the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the time from 2006 to unsuppressed HIV viral load (>200 copies/mL) among those with Medicaid, private, Medicare, or other public insurance, and no insurance, stratified by the use of ADAP. RESULTS: In 2006, 65% of women had Medicaid, 18% had private insurance, 3% had Medicare or other public insurance, and 14% reported no health insurance. ADAP coverage was reported by 284 women (20%); 56% of uninsured participants reported ADAP coverage. After accounting for study site, age, race, lowest observed CD4,
10.1097/QAI.0000000000001078
27763995
PMC5089078
Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/economics Female HIV Infections/drug therapy/economics/epidemiology/*virology Health Services Accessibility/economics/*statistics & numerical data Humans Income/*statistics & numerical data Insurance Coverage/*statistics & numerical data Medicaid/statistics & numerical data Medically Uninsured/*statistics & numerical data Middle Aged *Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act United States/epidemiology *Viral Load
Ludema C, Cole SR, Eron JJ Jr, Edmonds A, Holmes GM, Anastos K, Cocohoba J, Cohen M, Cooper HL, Golub ET, Kassaye S, Konkle-Parker D, Metsch L, Milam J, Wilson TE, Adimora AA (2016). Impact of Health Insurance, ADAP, and Income on HIV Viral Suppression Among US Women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study, 2006-2009. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 73(3), 307-312. PMC5089078
Journal Article
Brief Report: Intestinal Microbiota-Produced Trimethylamine-N-Oxide and Its Association With Coronary Stenosis and HIV Serostatus
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2016
1-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26825179
Recent evidence has shown a complex relationship between the gut microbiota, dietary nutrients, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) production, initiated by the microbiota, has been associated with CVD events. We sought to test if this association exists in HIV-infected persons. After adjusting for aspirin use and CVD risk factors, HIV-infected men were more likely to have coronary stenosis in the second and third TMAO quartiles compared with the first quartile, but did not differ significantly in the fourth quartile. We found an inverted U-shaped association between TMAO levels and the presence of coronary artery stenosis among HIV-infected men.
10.1097/QAI.0000000000000937
26825179
PMC4836953
Coronary Stenosis/*epidemiology *Gastrointestinal Microbiome HIV Infections/*epidemiology *HIV Seroprevalence Humans Male Methylamines/*metabolism Middle Aged Prospective Studies
Miller PE, Haberlen SA, Brown TT, Margolick JB, DiDonato JA, Hazen SL, Witt MD, Kingsley LA, Palella FJ Jr, Budoff M, Jacobson LP, Post WS, Sears CL (2016). Brief Report: Intestinal Microbiota-Produced Trimethylamine-N-Oxide and Its Association With Coronary Stenosis and HIV Serostatus. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 72(1), 114-8. PMC4836953
Journal Article
Timing of Antiretroviral Treatment, Immunovirologic Status, and TB Risk: Implications for Testing and Treatment
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2016
15-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27049511
BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) risk and mortality increase in the 6 months after highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) initiation. This short-term risk may be a consequence of HAART initiation and immune reconstitution. Alternatively, it may be due to confounding by low CD4 counts and high HIV viral loads (VLs). We assessed the TB risk before and after HAART initiation while appropriately controlling for time-updated laboratory values and HAART exposure. METHODS: We conducted an observational cohort study among persons enrolled in the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design from 1998 through 2011. A marginal structural model was constructed to estimate the association of HAART initiation and TB risk. Inverse probability weights for the probability of HAART initiation were incorporated. RESULTS: Among 26,342 patients, 94 cases of TB were diagnosed during 147,557 person-years (p-y) of follow-up. The unadjusted TB rates were 93/100,000 p-y [95% confidence int
10.1097/QAI.0000000000001018
27049511
PMC4942351
*Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/adverse effects/methods CD4 Lymphocyte Count Coinfection/complications/*immunology Drug Administration Schedule HIV Infections/complications/*drug therapy/*immunology/virology Humans Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome/*immunology/virology North America Time Factors Tuberculosis/*complications/immunology Viral Load/*drug effects
Pettit AC, Mendes A, Jenkins C, Napravnik S, Freeman A, Shepherd BE, Dowdy D, Gill J, Rachlis A, Moore R, Sterling TR; North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD) investigators of International epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) (2016). Timing of Antiretroviral Treatment, Immunovirologic Status, and TB Risk: Implications for Testing and Treatment. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 72(5), 572-8. PMC4942351
Journal Article
NIHMS773445
Brief Report: Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Mitigates Liver Disease in HIV Infection
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2016
1-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26945179
To determine the impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on liver disease, we analyzed changes in the aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI) pre- and post-HAART initiation among 441 HIV-monoinfected and 53 HIV-viral hepatitis-coinfected men. Before HAART, APRI increased 17% and 34% among the HIV-monoinfected and coinfected men, respectively. With HAART initiation, APRI decreased significantly in men who achieved HIV RNA of <500 copies per milliliter: 16% for HIV-monoinfected and 22% for coinfected men. Decreases in APRI were dependent on HIV suppression. This protective effect of HAART decreased after 2 years, particularly in the HIV-monoinfected men.
10.1097/QAI.0000000000000981
26945179
PMC4911239
Alanine Transaminase/blood *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood CD4 Lymphocyte Count Coinfection Disease Progression HIV Infections/blood/*drug therapy/*epidemiology Homosexuality, Male Humans Liver/*drug effects/*pathology/virology Liver Diseases/*drug therapy/*epidemiology/pathology/virology Male Prospective Studies Viral Load
Price JC, Seaberg EC, Phair JP, Witt MD, Koletar SL, Thio CL (2016). Brief Report: Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Mitigates Liver Disease in HIV Infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 72(3), 319-23. PMC4911239
Journal Article
Brief Report: Association of Adipokines With Bone Mineral Density in HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Women
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2016
1-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27792683
BACKGROUND: HIV infection is associated with low bone mineral density (BMD) and alterations in adipokines, which may mediate the relationship between fat and bone. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship of adiponectin and leptin with BMD in HIV-infected and uninfected women. METHODS: We measured BMD over 5 years at the lumbar spine, total hip (TH), and femoral neck (FN) using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 318 HIV-infected and 122 HIV-uninfected participants of the multicenter Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). Total adiponectin and leptin were assayed on stored sera. Multivariable linear mixed models assessed the effects of adipokines and HIV status on BMD. RESULTS: HIV-infected women had higher adiponectin (median 6.2 vs. 5.6 mug/mL,) but lower leptin (11.7 vs. 19.8 ng/mL) levels at baseline (both P < 0.05) compared with HIV-uninfected women. HIV infection was associated with lower BMD at the lumbar spine (-0.074 g/cm), FN (-0.049 g/cm), and TH (-0.047 g/cm) (all P < 0.05) a
10.1097/QAI.0000000000001118
27792683
PMC5098807
Adipokines/genetics/*metabolism Adult *Bone Density Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/*metabolism Humans Middle Aged
Sharma A, Ma Y, Scherzer R, Wheeler AL, Cohen M, Gustafson DR, Keating SM, Yin MT, Tien PC. (2016). Brief Report: Association of Adipokines With Bone Mineral Density in HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Women. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 73(4), 433-437. PMC5098807
Journal Article
Longitudinal changes over 10 years in free testosterone among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected men
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2016
1/1/2016
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26761271
BACKGROUND: Aging in males is associated with lower testosterone levels and a decrease in diurnal variation of testosterone secretion. Cross-sectional studies have shown lower than expected testosterone levels among HIV-infected men, but whether age-related changes in serum testosterone differ by HIV serostatus are not known. METHODS: HIV-infected men from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), age >/=45 years at highly active antiretroviral therapy initiation, who had >/=2 samples from the subsequent 10 years, were matched to HIV-uninfected men by age, race, MACS site, and calendar time of samples. Linear mixed-effects regression models were used to determine whether free testosterone (FT) and its rate of change differed by HIV serostatus. RESULTS: One hundred eighty-two HIV-infected and 267 HIV-uninfected men were included, median age: 48.8 years (interquartile range: 45.8-53.4), median numbers of FT measurements per participant 4 (interquartile range: 3-5), 65% were drawn in the
10.1097/QAI.0000000000000821
26761271
PMC4712718
age Aging AIDS antiretroviral therapy Baltimore change Chicago cohort Cohort Studies cohort study cross-sectional Cross-Sectional Studies Disease health Hiv immunology infectious diseases longitudinal Los Angeles MACS Male measurement median metabolism methods microbiology model multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study nursing Pittsburgh Public Health secretion sera serostatus Serum study Testosterone therapies therapy Time
Slama L, Jacobson LP, Li X, Palella FJ Jr, Margolick JB, Kingsley LA, Wiley DJ, Pialoux G, Dobs AS, Brown TT; Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (2016). Longitudinal changes over 10 years in free testosterone among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected men. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 71(1), 57-64. PMC4712718
Journal Article
Rilpivirine and Doravirine Have Complementary Efficacies Against NNRTI-Resistant HIV-1 Mutants
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2016
15-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27124362
BACKGROUND: Rilpivirine (RPV) is the latest non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) to be approved by Food and Drug Administration to combat HIV-1 infections. NNRTIs inhibit the chemical step in viral DNA synthesis by binding to an allosteric site located about 10 A from the polymerase active site of reverse transcriptase (RT). Although NNRTIs potently inhibit the replication of wild-type HIV-1, the binding site is not conserved, and mutations arise in the binding pocket. Doravirine (DOR) is a new NNRTI in phase III clinical trials. METHODS: Using a single round HIV-1 infection assay, we tested RPV and DOR against a broad panel of NNRTI-resistant mutants to determine their respective activities. We also used molecular modeling to determine if the susceptibility profile of each compound was related to how they bind RT. RESULTS: Several mutants displayed decreased susceptibility to DOR. However, with the exception of E138K, our data suggest that the mutations that reduce t
10.1097/QAI.0000000000001031
27124362
PMC4942337
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Drug Resistance, Viral/*drug effects/*genetics HIV Infections/*drug therapy/virology HIV Reverse Transcriptase/genetics/metabolism HIV-1/*drug effects/genetics Humans Inhibitory Concentration 50 Models, Molecular *Mutation Pyridones/*pharmacology Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/*pharmacology Rilpivirine/*pharmacology Triazoles/*pharmacology Virus Replication/drug effects
Smith SJ, Pauly GT, Akram A, Melody K, Ambrose Z, Schneider JP, Hughes SH (2016). Rilpivirine and Doravirine Have Complementary Efficacies Against NNRTI-Resistant HIV-1 Mutants. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 72(5), 485-91. PMC4942337
Journal Article
NIHMS776835
Systemic Immune Activation and HIV Shedding in the Female Genital Tract
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2016
1-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26334738
BACKGROUND: Plasma HIV RNA is the most significant determinant of cervical HIV shedding. However, shedding is also associated with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and cervical inflammation. The mechanism by which this occurs is poorly understood. There is evidence that systemic immune activation promotes viral entry, replication, and HIV disease progression. We hypothesized that systemic immune activation would be associated with an increase in HIV genital shedding. METHODS: Clinical assessments, HIV RNA in plasma and genital secretions, and markers of immune activation (CD38(+)DR(+) and CD38(-)DR(-)) on CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in blood were evaluated in 226 HIV+ women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. There were 569 genital evaluations of which 159 (28%) exhibited HIV RNA shedding, defined as HIV viral load >80 copies per milliliter. We tested associations between immune activation and shedding using generalized estimating equations with logit link function. RESU
10.1097/QAI.0000000000000823
26334738
PMC4712091
Adult CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology Female Genitalia, Female/immunology/*virology HIV Infections/*immunology/virology HIV-1/genetics/*isolation & purification Humans Lymphocyte Activation RNA, Viral/blood/genetics Sexually Transmitted Diseases/*immunology/microbiology Virus Shedding
Spencer LY, Christiansen S, Wang CH, Mack WJ, Young M, Strickler HD, Anastos K, Minkoff H, Cohen M, Geenblatt RM, Karim R, Operskalski E, Frederick T, Homans JD, Landay A, Kovacs A (2016). Systemic Immune Activation and HIV Shedding in the Female Genital Tract. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 71(2), 155-62. PMC4712091
Journal Article
Mechanisms for the Negative Effects of Internalized HIV-Related Stigma on Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence in Women: The Mediating Roles of Social Isolation and Depression
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2016
1-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26885803
BACKGROUND: Internalization of HIV-related stigma may inhibit a person's ability to manage HIV disease through adherence to treatment regimens. Studies, mainly with white men, have suggested an association between internalized stigma and suboptimal adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, there is a scarcity of research with women of different racial/ethnic backgrounds and on mediating mechanisms in the association between internalized stigma and ART adherence. METHODS: The Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) is a multicenter cohort study. Women living with HIV complete interviewer-administered questionnaires semiannually. Cross-sectional analyses for the current article included 1168 women on ART for whom data on medication adherence were available from their last study visit between April 2013 and March 2014, when the internalized stigma measure was initially introduced. RESULTS: The association between internalized stigma and self-reported suboptimal ART adherence was si
10.1097/QAI.0000000000000948
26885803
PMC4868649
Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use Cross-Sectional Studies Depression/*complications/epidemiology Discrimination, Psychological Female HIV Infections/drug therapy/epidemiology/*psychology Humans Medication Adherence/*psychology/statistics & numerical data Middle Aged Social Isolation/*psychology *Social Stigma Social Support Surveys and Questionnaires United States/epidemiology
Turan B, Smith W, Cohen MH, Wilson TE, Adimora AA, Merenstein D, Adedimeji A, Wentz EL, Foster AG, Metsch L, Tien PC, Weiser SD, Turan JM (2016). Mechanisms for the Negative Effects of Internalized HIV-Related Stigma on Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence in Women: The Mediating Roles of Social Isolation and Depression. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 72(2), 198-205. PMC4868649
Journal Article
Liver Fibrosis Linked to Cognitive Performance in HIV and Hepatitis C
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2016
1-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26885801
OBJECTIVE: Because HIV impairs gut barriers to pathogens, HIV-infected adults may be vulnerable to minimal hepatic encephalopathy in the absence of cirrhosis. BACKGROUND: Cognitive disorders persist in up to one-half of people living with HIV despite access to combination antiretroviral therapy. Minimal hepatic encephalopathy occurs in cirrhotic patients with or without HIV infection and may be associated with inflammation. DESIGN/METHODS: A cross-sectional investigation of liver fibrosis severity using the aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI) and neuropsychological testing performance among women from the Women's Interagency HIV Study. A subset underwent liver transient elastography (FibroScan, n = 303). RESULTS: We evaluated 1479 women [mean (SD) age of 46 (9.3) years]: 770 (52%) only HIV infected, 73 (5%) only hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected, 235 (16%) HIV/HCV coinfected, and 401 (27%) uninfected. Of these, 1221 (83%) exhibited APRI </=0.5 (no or only mild fibr
10.1097/QAI.0000000000000957
26885801
PMC4911304
Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood Biomarkers/blood Cognition Disorders/*complications/etiology/*psychology Coinfection Elasticity Imaging Techniques Female HIV Infections/blood/*complications/pathology/*psychology Hepatitis C/blood/*complications/pathology/*psychology Humans Liver/pathology Liver Cirrhosis/blood/*complications/pathology Longitudinal Studies Middle Aged Predictive Value of Tests
Valcour VG, Rubin LH, Obasi MU, Maki PM, Peters MG, Levin S, Crystal HA, Young MA, Mack WJ, Cohen MH, Pierce CB, Adimora AA, Tien PC; Womenʼs Interagency HIV Study Protocol Team (2016). Liver Fibrosis Linked to Cognitive Performance in HIV and Hepatitis C. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 72(3), 266-73. PMC4911304
Journal Article
Macrophage inflammatory protein-3 alpha (MIP-3alpha)/CCL20 in HIV-1-infected individuals
J AIDS Clin Res
2016
Jul-16
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27617163
OBJECTIVE: Uncontrolled HIV infection progresses to the depletion of systemic and mucosal CD4 and AIDS. Early HIV infection may be associated with increases in the concentration of MIP-3alpha in the blood and gut fluids. MIP-3alpha/CCL20 is the only chemokine known to interact with CCR6 receptors which are expressed on immature dendritic cells and both effector and memory CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. The role and prognostic value of blood levels of MIP-3alpha in HIV-infected individuals has yet to be described. METHODS: We determined the serum levels of MIP-3alpha, and IFN-gamma, in 167 HIV-1-infected and 27 HIV-1-uninfected men participating in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). The blood biomarkers were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and the cell phenotypes using flow cytometry. RESULTS: Median serum levels of MIP-3alpha in HIV-1-infected and uninfected men was significantly different (p<0.0001) and were 21.3 pg/mL and 6.4 pg/mL respectively. The HIV-1-inf
10.4172/2155-6113.1000587 [doi]
27617163
PMC5015655
AIDS assay Biomarkers blood CD4 CD4+ CD8+ Cell Count cells cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Dendritic Cells ELISA Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Epithelial Cells Flow Cytometry Hiv HIV infection Hiv-1 infection Los Angeles macrophage MACS marker median Memory methods MSM multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Phenotype Plasma recruitment Role sera Serum sexual study t cell t-cells transmission
Aziz N, Detels R, Chang LC, Butch AW (2016). Macrophage inflammatory protein-3 alpha (MIP-3alpha)/CCL20 in HIV-1-infected individuals. J AIDS Clin Res, 7(7), . PMC5015655
Journal Article
Hearing Loss and Quality of Life (QOL) among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Infected and Uninfected Adults
J AIDS Clin Res
2016
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28217403
OBJECTIVE: Research has established that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes hearing loss. Studies have yet to evaluate the impact on quality of life (QOL). This project evaluates the effect of hearing loss on QOL by HIV status. METHODS: The study participants were from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) and the Women's Interagency HIV study (WIHS). A total of 248 men and 127 women participated. Pure-tone air conduction thresholds were collected for each ear at frequencies from 250 through 8000 Hz. Pure-tone averages (PTAs) for each ear were calculated as the mean of air conduction thresholds in low frequencies (i.e., 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 Hz) and high frequencies (i.e., 3000, 4000, 6000 and 8000 Hz). QOL data were gathered with the Short Form 36 Health Survey and Medical Outcome Study (MOS)-HIV instrument in the MACS and WIHS, respectively. A median regression analysis was performed to test the association of PTAs with QOL by HIV status. RESULTS: There was no significant
10.4172/2155-6113.1000645
28217403
PMC5313124
Auditory impairment Multicenter AIDS cohort study Qol Women's interagency HIV study
Duong N, Torre P 3rd, Springer G, Cox C, Plankey MW (2016). Hearing Loss and Quality of Life (QOL) among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Infected and Uninfected Adults. J AIDS Clin Res, 7(12), . PMC5313124
Journal Article
Oral Glucose Tolerance Testing identifies HIV+ infected women with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) not captured by standard DM definition
J AIDS Clin Res
2016
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27066296
OBJECTIVE: HIV-infected (HIV+) individuals may have differential risk of diabetes mellitus (DM) compared to the general population, and the optimal diagnostic algorithm for DM in HIV+ persons remains unclear. We aimed to assess the utility of oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT) for DM diagnosis in a cohort of women with or at risk for HIV infection. METHODS: Using American Diabetic Association DM definitions, DM prevalence and incidence were assessed among women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. DM was defined by 2-hour OGTT >/= 200 mg/dL (DM_OGTT) or a clinical definition (DM_C) that included any of the following: (i) anti-diabetic medication use or self-reported DM confirmed by either fasting glucose (FG) >/=126 mg/dL or HbA1c >/= 6.5%, (ii) FG >/= 126 mg/dL confirmed by a second FG >/= 126 mg/dL or HbA1c 6.5%, or (iii) HbA1c 6.5% confirmed by FG >/= 126 mg/dL cohort. RESULTS: Overall, 390 women (285 HIV+, median age 43 years; 105 HIV-, median age 37 years) were enroll
10.4172/2155-6113.1000545
27066296
PMC4825684
Diabetes mellitus Hiv Oral glucose tolerance test Women
Seang S, Lake JE, Tian F, Anastos K, Cohen MH, Tien PC (2016). Oral Glucose Tolerance Testing identifies HIV+ infected women with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) not captured by standard DM definition. J AIDS Clin Res, 7(2), . PMC4825684
Journal Article
NIHMS772956
Inflammatory Markers Associated With Subclinical Coronary Artery Disease: The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
J Am Heart Assoc
2016
27-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27353609
BACKGROUND: Despite evidence for higher risk of coronary artery disease among HIV+ individuals, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We investigated associations of inflammatory markers with subclinical coronary artery disease in 923 participants of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (575 HIV+ and 348 HIV- men) who underwent noncontrast computed tomography scans for coronary artery calcification, the majority (n=692) also undergoing coronary computed tomography angiography. METHODS AND RESULTS: Outcomes included presence and extent of coronary artery calcification, plus computed tomography angiography analysis of presence, composition, and extent of coronary plaques and severity of coronary stenosis. HIV+ men had significantly higher levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), intercellular adhesion molecule-1, C-reactive protein, and soluble-tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptor (sTNFalphaR) I and II (all P<0.01) and a higher prevalence of noncalcified plaque (63% versus 54%, P=0.02)
10.1161/JAHA.116.003371
27353609
PMC4937277
Adult Aged Biomarkers/*metabolism C-Reactive Protein/metabolism Computed Tomography Angiography/methods Coronary Angiography/methods Coronary Artery Disease/blood/diagnosis/virology Coronary Stenosis/blood/diagnosis/*virology HIV Infections/*blood Humans Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism Interleukin-6/metabolism Male Middle Aged Multimodal Imaging/methods Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/metabolism Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism Vascular Calcification/blood/diagnosis/*virology *hiv *HIV infection *atherosclerosis *cardiac biomarkers *cardiac computed tomography *coronary artery calcium *coronary artery disease *coronary computed tomography scan *epidemiology *inflammation
Bahrami H, Budoff M, Haberlen SA, Rezaeian P, Ketlogetswe K, Tracy R, Palella F, Witt MD, McConnell MV, Kingsley L, Post WS (2016). Inflammatory Markers Associated With Subclinical Coronary Artery Disease: The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. J Am Heart Assoc, 5(6), . PMC4937277
Journal Article
Exosomes from HIV-1-infected Cells Stimulate Production of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines through Trans-activating Response (TAR) RNA
J Biol Chem
2016
15-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26553869
HIV-1 infection results in a chronic illness because long-term highly active antiretroviral therapy can lower viral titers to an undetectable level. However, discontinuation of therapy rapidly increases virus burden. Moreover, patients under highly active antiretroviral therapy frequently develop various metabolic disorders, neurocognitive abnormalities, and cardiovascular diseases. We have previously shown that exosomes containing trans-activating response (TAR) element RNA enhance susceptibility of undifferentiated naive cells to HIV-1 infection. This study indicates that exosomes from HIV-1-infected primary cells are highly abundant with TAR RNA as detected by RT-real time PCR. Interestingly, up to a million copies of TAR RNA/mul were also detected in the serum from HIV-1-infected humanized mice suggesting that TAR RNA may be stable in vivo. Incubation of exosomes from HIV-1-infected cells with primary macrophages resulted in a dramatic increase of proinflammatory cytokines, IL-6 an
10.1074/jbc.M115.662171
26553869
PMC4714213
Activating Transcription Factors/*metabolism Active Transport, Cell Nucleus Animals Cell Line Cell Line, Transformed Cell Transformation, Viral Cells, Cultured Cytokines/*metabolism Exosomes/immunology/*metabolism/virology HIV Infections/blood/immunology/virology HIV-1/*immunology Humans Interleukin-6/metabolism Leukocytes/immunology/*metabolism/virology Lymphotoxin-alpha/metabolism Mice, Inbred NOD Mice, Transgenic MicroRNAs/blood/*metabolism Toll-Like Receptor 3/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/metabolism eIF-2 Kinase/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/metabolism Tar rna cytokinesis exosome (vesicle) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) macrophage protein kinase RNA-activated (PKR) toll-like receptor (TLR)
Sampey GC, Saifuddin M, Schwab A, Barclay R, Punya S, Chung MC, Hakami RM, Zadeh MA, Lepene B, Klase ZA, El-Hage N, Young M, Iordanskiy S, Kashanchi F (2016). Exosomes from HIV-1-infected Cells Stimulate Production of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines through Trans-activating Response (TAR) RNA. J Biol Chem, 291(3), 1251-66. PMC4714213
Journal Article
Mixed-effects varying-coefficient model with skewed distribution coupled with cause-specific varying-coefficient hazard model with random-effects for longitudinal-competing risks data analysis
J Biopharm Stat
2016
2016
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26097990
It is well known that there is strong relationship between HIV viral load and CD4 cell counts in AIDS studies. However, the relationship between them changes during the course of treatment and may vary among individuals. During treatments, some individuals may experience terminal events such as death. Because the terminal event may be related to the individual's viral load measurements, the terminal mechanism is non-ignorable. Furthermore, there exists competing risks from multiple types of events, such as AIDS-related death and other death. Most joint models for the analysis of longitudinal-survival data developed in literatures have focused on constant coefficients and assume symmetric distribution for the endpoints, which does not meet the needs for investigating the nature of varying relationship between HIV viral load and CD4 cell counts in practice. We develop a mixed-effects varying-coefficient model with skewed distribution coupled with cause-specific varying-coefficient hazard
10.1080/10543406.2015.1052493
26097990
Bayes Theorem *CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Data Interpretation, Statistical HIV Infections/*physiopathology Humans Models, Statistical Multicenter Studies as Topic *Proportional Hazards Models Risk Assessment *AIDS study *Bayesian inference *competing risks *longitudinal data *mixed-effects varying-coefficient models *skewed distribution *survival data *varying-coefficient hazard models
Lu T, Wang M, Liu G, Dong GH, Qian F (2016). Mixed-effects varying-coefficient model with skewed distribution coupled with cause-specific varying-coefficient hazard model with random-effects for longitudinal-competing risks data analysis. J Biopharm Stat, 26(3), 519-33.
Journal Article
Extra-coronary calcification (aortic valve calcification, mitral annular calcification, aortic valve ring calcification and thoracic aortic calcification) in HIV seropositive and seronegative men: Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr
2016
May-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26949197
INTRODUCTION: Previous studies have demonstrated an association between HIV infection and coronary artery disease (CAD); little is known about potential associations between HIV infection and extra-coronary calcification (ECC). METHODS: We analyzed 621 HIV infected (HIV+) and 384 HIV uninfected (HIV-) men from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study who underwent non-contrast computed tomography (CT) from 2010-2013. Agatston scores were calculated for mitral annular calcification (MAC), aortic valve calcification (AVC), aortic valve ring calcification (AVRC), and thoracic aortic calcification (TAC). The associations between HIV infection and the presence of each type of ECC (score > 0) were evaluated by multivariable logistic regression. We also evaluated the association of ECC with inflammatory biomarker levels and coronary plaque morphology. RESULTS: Among HIV+ and HIV- men, the age-standardized prevalences were 15% for TAC (HIV+ 14%/HIV- 16%), 10% for AVC (HIV+ 11%/HIV- 8%), 24% for AVRC
10.1016/j.jcct.2016.02.002
26949197
PMC4893917
Adult Aged *Aorta, Thoracic/diagnostic imaging Aortic Diseases/blood/diagnostic imaging/*epidemiology *Aortic Valve/diagnostic imaging Aortography/methods Biomarkers/blood Calcinosis/blood/diagnostic imaging/*epidemiology Computed Tomography Angiography Coronary Angiography Coronary Artery Disease/diagnostic imaging Coronary Vessels/diagnostic imaging HIV Infections/blood/diagnosis/*epidemiology/immunology *HIV Seronegativity *HIV Seropositivity Heart Valve Diseases/blood/diagnostic imaging/*epidemiology Humans Inflammation Mediators/blood Logistic Models Male Middle Aged *Mitral Valve/diagnostic imaging Multidetector Computed Tomography Multivariate Analysis Odds Ratio Plaque, Atherosclerotic Prevalence Prognosis Prospective Studies Risk Factors United States/epidemiology Vascular Calcification/blood/diagnostic imaging/*epidemiology *Coronary plaque morphology *Extra-coronary calcification *hiv *Inflammatory biomarkers
Rezaeian P, Miller PE, Haberlen SA, Razipour A, Bahrami H, Castillo R, Witt MD, Kingsley L, Palella FJ Jr, Nakanishi R, Matsumoto S, Alani A, Jacobson LP, Post WS, Budoff MJ (2016). Extra-coronary calcification (aortic valve calcification, mitral annular calcification, aortic valve ring calcification and thoracic aortic calcification) in HIV seropositive and seronegative men: Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr, 10(3), 229-236. PMC4893917
Journal Article
Macronutrient Intake, Diagnosis Status, and Glycemic Control Among US Hispanics/Latinos With Diabetes
J Clin Endocrinol Metab
2016
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26950682
CONTEXT: Diet modification is a mainstay of diabetes management. US Hispanics/Latinos are disproportionately affected by diabetes, but few studies have examined dietary intake among US Hispanics/Latinos with diabetes, and little is known regarding the influence of diabetes awareness on dietary intake. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated macronutrient intake and its associations with diabetes awareness and glycemic control among US Hispanics/Latinos with diabetes. PARTICIPANTS: This analysis included 3310 diabetic adults aged 18-74 years from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (2008-2011). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Diabetes was defined as diagnosed (based on medical history or antihyperglycemic medication use) or undiagnosed diabetes (based on fasting glucose >/= 126 mg/dL, glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c] >/= 6.5%, or 2 h glucose >/= 200 mg/dL in the absence of a physician diagnosis). Dietary intake was assessed using two 24-hour recalls. RESULTS: Among Hispanic/Latino adults with diabet
10.1210/jc.2015-3237
26950682
PMC4880152
Adolescent Adult Aged Blood Glucose/*analysis Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*blood *Diet Dietary Carbohydrates Dietary Fats Dietary Fiber Female *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice Hispanic Americans Humans Male Middle Aged Young Adult
Wang X, Jung M, Mossavar-Rahmani Y, Sotres-Alvarez D, Espinoza Giacinto RA, Pirzada A, Reina SA, Casagrande SS, Wang T, Avilés-Santa ML, Kaplan RC, Qi Q (2016). Macronutrient Intake, Diagnosis Status, and Glycemic Control Among US Hispanics/Latinos With Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 101(4), 1856-64. PMC4880152
Journal Article
Speech audiometry findings from HIV+ and HIV- adults in the MACS and WIHS longitudinal cohort studies
J Commun Disord
2016
Nov - Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27477593
The purpose of this study was to compare various speech audiometry measures between HIV+ and HIV- adults and to further evaluate the association between speech audiometry and HIV disease variables in HIV+ adults only. Three hundred ninety-six adults from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) and Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) completed speech audiometry testing. There were 262 men, of whom 117 (44.7%) were HIV+, and 134 women, of whom 105 (78.4%) were HIV+. Speech audiometry was conducted as part of the standard clinical audiological evaluation that included otoscopy, tympanometry, and pure-tone air- and bone-conduction thresholds. Specific speech audiometry measures included speech recognition thresholds (SRT) and word recognition scores in quiet presented at 40dB sensation level (SL) in reference to the SRT. SRT data were categorized in 5-dB steps from 0 to 25dB hearing level (HL) with one category as >/=30dB HL while word recognition scores were categorized as <90%, 90-99%,
10.1016/j.jcomdis.2016.07.004
27477593
PMC5125885
*Audiometry, Speech Female HIV Infections/*psychology Humans Longitudinal Studies Male Middle Aged Prospective Studies *Speech Perception *Adults *hiv *Speech audiometry
Torre P 3rd, Hoffman HJ, Springer G, Cox C, Young MA, Margolick JB, Plankey M (2016). Speech audiometry findings from HIV+ and HIV- adults in the MACS and WIHS longitudinal cohort studies. J Commun Disord, 64(), 103-109. PMC5125885
Journal Article
Frailty and Constellations of Factors in Aging HIV-infected and Uninfected Women--The Women's Interagency HIV Study
J Frailty Aging
2016
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26980368
BACKGROUND: Biological similarities are noted between aging and HIV infection. Middle-aged adults with HIV infection may present as elderly due to accelerated aging or having more severe aging phenotypes occurring at younger ages. OBJECTIVES: We explored age-adjusted prevalence of frailty, a geriatric condition, among HIV+ and at risk HIV- women. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: The Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). PARTICIPANTS: 2028 middle-aged (average age 39 years) female participants (1449 HIV+; 579 HIV-). MEASUREMENTS: The Fried Frailty Index (FFI), HIV status variables, and constellations of variables representing Demographic/health behaviors and Aging-related chronic diseases. Associations between the FFI and other variables were estimated, followed by stepwise regression models. RESULTS: Overall frailty prevalence was 15.2% (HIV+, 17%; HIV-, 10%). A multivariable model suggested that HIV infection with CD4 count<200; age>40 years; current or former smoking; income </=$12,
10.14283/jfa.2016.79
26980368
PMC4957016
Adult Aged Aging/*physiology CD4 Lymphocyte Count/methods Female Fibrinogen/analysis Frail Elderly/*statistics & numerical data *HIV Infections/blood/diagnosis/epidemiology Health Status Disparities Health Status Indicators Humans Middle Aged Risk Assessment/methods Risk Factors Smoking/epidemiology Socioeconomic Factors Statistics as Topic
Gustafson DR, Shi Q, Thurn M, Holman S, Minkoff H, Cohen M, Plankey MW, Havlik R, Sharma A, Gange S, Gandhi M, Milam J, Hoover D (2016). Frailty and Constellations of Factors in Aging HIV-infected and Uninfected Women--The Women's Interagency HIV Study. J Frailty Aging, 5(1), 43-8. PMC4957016
Journal Article
Cutting Edge: T Regulatory Cell Depletion Reactivates Latent Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) in Controller Macaques While Boosting SIV-Specific T Lymphocytes
J Immunol
2016
15-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27837106
T regulatory cells (Tregs) are critical in shaping the latent HIV/SIV reservoir, as they are preferentially infected, reverse CD4(+) T cell activation status, and suppress CTL responses. To reactivate latent virus and boost cell-mediated immune responses, we performed in vivo Treg depletion with Ontak (denileukin diftitox) in two SIVsab-infected controller macaques. Ontak induced significant (>75%) Treg depletion and major CD4(+) T cell activation, and only minimally depleted CD8(+) T cells. The overall ability of Tregs to control immune responses was significantly impaired despite their incomplete depletion, resulting in both reactivation of latent virus (virus rebound to 10(3) viral RNA copies/ml plasma in the absence of antiretroviral therapy) and a significant boost of SIV-specific CD8(+) T cell frequency, with rapid clearance of reactivated virus. As none of the latency-reversing agents in development have such dual activity, our strategy holds great promise for cure research.
10.4049/jimmunol.1601539
27837106
PMC5441309
Animals Antibodies, Viral/blood Antigens, Viral/immunology CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology Cells, Cultured Diphtheria Toxin/administration & dosage Humans Immunity, Cellular Interleukin-2/administration & dosage Lymphocyte Activation Lymphocyte Depletion Macaca mulatta RNA, Viral/genetics Recombinant Fusion Proteins/administration & dosage Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/*physiology T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/*immunology Viral Load/drug effects Virus Activation/drug effects *Virus Latency/drug effects Virus Replication/drug effects
He T, Brocca-Cofano E, Policicchio BB, Sivanandham R, Gautam R, Raehtz KD, Xu C, Pandrea I, Apetrei C (2016). Cutting Edge: T Regulatory Cell Depletion Reactivates Latent Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) in Controller Macaques While Boosting SIV-Specific T Lymphocytes. J Immunol, 197(12), 4535-4539. PMC5441309
Journal Article
NIHMS824594
Selection of a potential diagnostic biomarker for HIV infection from a random library of non-biological synthetic peptoid oligomers
J Immunol Methods
2016
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27182050
Non-biological synthetic oligomers can serve as ligands for antibodies. We hypothesized that a random combinatorial library of synthetic poly-N-substituted glycine oligomers, or peptoids, could represent a random "shape library" in antigen space, and that some of these peptoids would be recognized by the antigen-binding pocket of disease-specific antibodies. We synthesized and screened a one bead one compound combinatorial library of peptoids, in which each bead displayed an 8-mer peptoid with ten possible different amines at each position (10(8) theoretical variants). By screening one million peptoid/beads we found 112 (approximately 1 in 10,000) that preferentially bound immunoglobulins from human sera known to be positive for anti-HIV antibodies. Reactive peptoids were then re-synthesized and rigorously evaluated in plate-based ELISAs. Four peptoids showed very good, and one showed excellent, properties for establishing a sero-diagnosis of HIV. These results demonstrate the feasibil
10.1016/j.jim.2016.05.001
27182050
PMC4947968
Biomarkers/blood Combinatorial Chemistry Techniques/*methods Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay HIV Antibodies/*blood/immunology HIV Infections/*diagnosis/immunology Humans Ligands *Peptide Library Peptoids/chemical synthesis/*chemistry/*immunology *Biomarker *Diagnostic *elisa *hiv *Infectious disease *Peptoid
Gearhart TL, Montelaro RC, Schurdak ME, Pilcher CD, Rinaldo CR, Kodadek T, Park Y, Islam K, Yurko R, Marques ET Jr, Burke DS (2016). Selection of a potential diagnostic biomarker for HIV infection from a random library of non-biological synthetic peptoid oligomers. J Immunol Methods, 435(), 85-9. PMC4947968
Journal Article
The effect of cellular isolation and cryopreservation on the expression of markers identifying subsets of regulatory T cells
J Immunol Methods
2016
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26855370
BACKGROUND: The role of CD4(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) and their subsets during HIV infection is controversial. Cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) are an important source for assessing number and function of Tregs. However, it is unknown if PBMC isolation and cryopreservation affect the expression of CD120b and CD39, markers that identify specific subsets of Tregs. METHODS: HIV-uninfected (HIV-) and -infected (HIV+) men were randomly selected from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Percentages of CD120b(+) and CD39(+) Tregs measured by flow cytometry in whole blood and in corresponding fresh and cryopreserved PBMC were compared. RESULTS: Percentages of CD120b(+) Tregs were significantly lower in a) fresh PBMC relative to whole blood, and b) freshly thawed frozen PBMC relative to fresh PBMC when the recovery of viable cryopreserved cells was low. When present, low expression of CD120b in frozen PBMC was reversible by 4h of in vitro culture. In contrast, ex
10.1016/j.jim.2016.02.004
26855370
PMC4792753
Biomarkers/metabolism *Cell Separation Cohort Studies *Cryopreservation HIV Infections/immunology/pathology Humans Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology/*metabolism Male Middle Aged Prospective Studies T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology/*metabolism CD120b Cd39 CD4(+) regulatory T cells Hiv PBMC cryopreservation
Zhang W, Nilles TL, Johnson JR, Margolick JB (2016). The effect of cellular isolation and cryopreservation on the expression of markers identifying subsets of regulatory T cells. J Immunol Methods, 431(), 31-7. PMC4792753
Journal Article
Incidence of AIDS-Defining Opportunistic Infections in a Multicohort Analysis of HIV-infected Persons in the United States and Canada, 2000-2010
J Infect Dis
2016
15-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27559122
BACKGROUND: There are few recent data on the rates of AIDS-defining opportunistic infections (OIs) among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients in care in the United States and Canada. METHODS: We studied HIV-infected participants in 16 cohorts in the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD) during 2000-2010. After excluding 16 737 (21%) with any AIDS-defining clinical events documented before NA-ACCORD enrollment, we analyzed incident OIs among the remaining 63 541 persons, most of whom received antiretroviral therapy during the observation. We calculated incidence rates per 100 person-years of observation (hereafter, "person-years") with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the first occurrence of any OI and select individual OIs during 2000-2003, 2004-2007, and 2008-2010. RESULTS: A total of 63 541 persons contributed 261 573 person-years, of whom 5836 (9%) developed at least 1 OI. The incidence rate of any first OI decreased over the 3
10.1093/infdis/jiw085
27559122
PMC4996145
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/*epidemiology Adult Canada/epidemiology Cohort Studies Female Humans Incidence Male Middle Aged Survival Analysis United States/epidemiology *AIDS-related opportunistic infections *CD4+ T-lymphocyte count *HIV cohort studies *combination antiretroviral therapy *epidemiology *incidence *prophylaxis
Buchacz K, Lau B, Jing Y, Bosch R, Abraham AG, Gill MJ, Silverberg MJ, Goedert JJ, Sterling TR, Althoff KN, Martin JN, Burkholder G, Gandhi N, Samji H, Patel P, Rachlis A, Thorne JE, Napravnik S, Henry K, Mayor A, Gebo K, Gange SJ, Moore RD, Brooks JT; North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD) of IeDEA (2016). Incidence of AIDS-Defining Opportunistic Infections in a Multicohort Analysis of HIV-infected Persons in the United States and Canada, 2000-2010. J Infect Dis, 214(6), 862-72. PMC4996145
Journal Article
Long-term Bone Mineral Density Changes in Antiretroviral-Treated HIV-Infected Individuals
J Infect Dis
2016
15-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27330053
We compared adjusted bone mineral density (BMD) changes between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals during the first approximately 7.5 years after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation and HIV-uninfected controls. HIV-infected individuals (n = 97) had significantly greater adjusted BMD decline than controls (n = 614) during the first 96 weeks of ART. Subsequently, the rate of BMD decline slowed in HIV-infected individuals but remained greater than the rate of decline in HIV-uninfected individuals at the lumbar spine but not at the hip. In HIV-infected individuals after 96 weeks, no HIV- or treatment-related characteristic was associated with BMD loss, but lower lean body mass was associated with greater BMD loss at both lumbar spine and hip.
10.1093/infdis/jiw204
27330053
PMC4957444
Adult Anti-Retroviral Agents/*adverse effects/*therapeutic use Bone Density/*drug effects Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy Humans Lumbar Vertebrae/pathology Male Middle Aged Pelvic Bones/pathology Surveys and Questionnaires Young Adult *HIV infections, drug therapy/virology *anti-HIV agents, administration and dosage, adverse effects *bone density
Grant PM, Kitch D, McComsey GA, Collier AC, Koletar SL, Erlandson KM, Yin MT, Bartali B, Ha B, Melbourne K, Brown TT (2016). Long-term Bone Mineral Density Changes in Antiretroviral-Treated HIV-Infected Individuals. J Infect Dis, 214(4), 607-11. PMC4957444
Journal Article
Changes in Markers of T-Cell Senescence and Exhaustion With Atazanavir-, Raltegravir-, and Darunavir-Based Initial Antiviral Therapy: ACTG 5260s
J Infect Dis
2016
1-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27354367
It is unclear whether differential roles of CD4(+) versus CD8(+) T-cell senescence/exhaustion and effects of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on these processes may contribute to morbidity in treated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) infection. In a prospective 96-week trial, 328 HIV-infected ART-naive participants were randomly assigned to receive tenofovir-emtricitabine plus either atazanavir/ritonavir, darunavir/ritonavir, or raltegravir. Markers of CD4(+) T-cell senescence (ie, the percentage of CD28(-)CD57(+) cells among CD4(+) T cells ) and CD4(+)/CD8(+) T-cell exhaustion (ie, the percentage of PD-1(+) cells among CD4(+)/CD8(+) T cells) decreased after ART. There were no changes in markers of CD8(+) T-cell senescence after ART and no differential changes in all markers in ART groups. Senescent CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells may have differential roles in HIV pathogenesis.
10.1093/infdis/jiw253
27354367
PMC4978379
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use Antigens, CD/analysis Atazanavir Sulfate/*therapeutic use Darunavir/*therapeutic use Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*immunology Humans Immunophenotyping Male Prospective Studies Raltegravir Potassium/*therapeutic use T-Lymphocyte Subsets/chemistry/*immunology *antiretroviral therapy *biomarkers *human immunodeficiency virus *immune activation *inflammation
Kelesidis T, Moser C, Stein JH, Brown TT, Tran TT, Ribaudo HJ, Dube MP, Yang OO, Currier JS, McComsey GA (2016). Changes in Markers of T-Cell Senescence and Exhaustion With Atazanavir-, Raltegravir-, and Darunavir-Based Initial Antiviral Therapy: ACTG 5260s. J Infect Dis, 214(5), 748-52. PMC4978379
Journal Article
Inflammation and Change in Body Weight With Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation in a Multinational Cohort of HIV-Infected Adults
J Infect Dis
2016
1-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26962236
BACKGROUND: Both wasting and obesity are associated with inflammation, but the extent to which body weight changes influence inflammation during human immunodeficiency virus infection is unknown. METHODS: Among a random virologically suppressed participants of the Prospective Evaluation of Antiretrovirals in Resource-Limited Settings trial, inflammatory markers were measured at weeks 0, 24, and 48 after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation. Associations between both baseline and change in body mass index (BMI; calculated as the weight in kilograms divided by the height in meters squared) and changes in inflammation markers were assessed using random effects models. RESULTS: Of 246 participants, 27% were overweight/obese (BMI, >/= 25), and 8% were underweight (BMI < 18.5) at baseline. After 48 weeks, 37% were overweight/obese, and 3% were underweight. While level of many inflammatory markers decreased 48 weeks after ART initiation in the overall group, the decrease in C-reactive prot
10.1093/infdis/jiw096
26962236
PMC4907416
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*adverse effects/*therapeutic use Body Weight/*drug effects Brazil Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy Haiti Humans India Inflammation/*chemically induced Malawi Male Peru Prospective Studies South Africa Thailand United States Weight Gain/*drug effects Weight Loss/*drug effects Zimbabwe *HAART clinical outcomes *hiv/aids *body mass index *immune activation/inflammation *noncommunicable diseases
Mave V, Erlandson KM, Gupte N, Balagopal A, Asmuth DM, Campbell TB, Smeaton L, Kumarasamy N, Hakim J, Santos B, Riviere C, Hosseinipour MC, Sugandhavesa P, Infante R, Pillay S, Cardoso SW, Tripathy S, Mwelase N, Berendes S, Andrade BB, Thomas DL, Bollinger RC, Gupta A; ACTG PEARLS and NWCS 319 Study Team (2016). Inflammation and Change in Body Weight With Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation in a Multinational Cohort of HIV-Infected Adults. J Infect Dis, 214(1), 65-72. PMC4907416
Journal Article
A cross-sectional study of the association between chronic hepatitis C virus infection and subclinical coronary atherosclerosis among participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
J Infect Dis
2016
1/15/2016
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26216904
BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We evaluated the association of chronic HCV infection and coronary atherosclerosis among participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. METHODS: We assessed 994 men with or without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (87 of whom had chronic HCV infection) for coronary plaque, using noncontrast coronary computed tomography (CT); 755 also underwent CT angiography. We then evaluated the associations of chronic HCV infection and HIV infection with measures of plaque prevalence, extent, and stenosis. RESULTS: After adjustment for demographic characteristics, HIV serostatus, behaviors, and CVD risk factors, chronic HCV infection was significantly associated with a higher prevalence of coronary artery calcium (prevalence ratio, 1.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.63), any plaque (prevalence ratio, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.09-1.45), and noncalcified plaque (prevalence ratio, 1.42; 95
10.1093/infdis/jiv396
26216904
PMC4690151
AIDS Atherosclerosis Baltimore behavior Calcium characteristics Chicago cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Coinfection cross-sectional Cross-Sectional Studies Disease duration epidemiology health hepatitis Hepatitis C Hiv HIV infection Human human immunodeficiency virus Illinois immunodeficiency infection infectious diseases Los Angeles Maryland methods microbiology multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Pennsylvania Pittsburgh Prevalence Public Health research Risk Risk Factors Rna serostatus study treatment virus
McKibben RA, Haberlen SA, Post WS, Brown TT, Budoff M, Witt MD, Kingsley LA, Palella FJ Jr, Thio CL, Seaberg EC (2016). A cross-sectional study of the association between chronic hepatitis C virus infection and subclinical coronary atherosclerosis among participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. J Infect Dis, 213(2), 257-265. PMC4690151
Journal Article
The Cervicovaginal Microbiota and Its Associations With Human Papillomavirus Detection in HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Women
J Infect Dis
2016
1-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27521363
BACKGROUND: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is characterized by low abundance of Lactobacillus species, high pH, and immune cell infiltration and has been associated with an increased risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. We molecularly assessed the cervicovaginal microbiota over time in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and HIV-uninfected women to more comprehensively study the HPV-microbiota relationship, controlling for immune status. METHODS: 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon pyrosequencing and HPV DNA testing were conducted annually in serial cervicovaginal lavage specimens obtained over 8-10 years from African American women from Chicago, of whom 22 were HIV uninfected, 22 were HIV infected with a stable CD4(+) T-cell count of > 500 cells/mm(3), and 20 were HIV infected with progressive immunosuppression. Vaginal pH was serially measured. RESULTS: The relative abundances of Lactobacillus crispatus and other Lactobacillus species were inversely associated with vaginal pH
10.1093/infdis/jiw374
27521363
PMC5079369
Adult CD4 Lymphocyte Count/methods CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology Cervix Uteri/immunology/*microbiology/*virology Cohort Studies DNA, Viral/genetics Female HIV Infections/*etiology/immunology/virology Humans Lactobacillus/immunology/physiology Microbiota/*genetics/immunology Papillomaviridae/*genetics/immunology RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics Vagina/immunology/*microbiology/*virology Vaginosis, Bacterial/complications/immunology/microbiology/virology *hiv *hpv *L. crispatus *Lactobacillus species *human papillomavirus *microbiota
Reimers LL, Mehta SD, Massad LS, Burk RD, Xie X, Ravel J, Cohen MH, Palefsky JM, Weber KM, Xue X, Anastos K, Minkoff H, Atrio J, D'Souza G, Ye Q, Colie C, Zolnik CP, Spear GT, Strickler HD (2016). The Cervicovaginal Microbiota and Its Associations With Human Papillomavirus Detection in HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Women. J Infect Dis, 214(9), 1361-1369. PMC5079369
Journal Article
Association of HIV, Hepatitis C Virus, and Liver Fibrosis Severity With the Enhanced Liver Fibrosis Score
J Infect Dis
2016
1-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26621911
BACKGROUND: Liver disease is common during human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, but valid serum fibrosis markers are lacking. We hypothesize that HIV monoinfection and HIV/hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection is associated with an enhanced liver fibrosis (ELF) score higher than that for uninfected controls and examine whether this association is affected by factors other than liver injury. METHODS: The association of HIV and HIV/HCV coinfection with the ELF score was evaluated using multivariable regression after controlling for transient elastography-measured liver stiffness and traditional and HIV-related factors in a cross-sectional analysis of 297 women. RESULTS: HIV/HCV-coinfected and HIV-monoinfected women had higher median ELF scores than controls (9.6, 8.5, and 8.2, respectively). After adjustment for demographic, behavioral, and metabolic factors and for inflammatory markers, HIV/HCV coinfection remained associated with a 9% higher ELF score (95% confidence interval [C
10.1093/infdis/jiv567
26621911
PMC4779303
Adult Case-Control Studies Cohort Studies Coinfection Cross-Sectional Studies Female HIV Infections/*complications Hepacivirus/physiology Hepatitis C/*complications/pathology Humans Liver Cirrhosis/*etiology/pathology Middle Aged Prospective Studies RNA, Viral/blood Severity of Illness Index Viral Load Hcv Hiv enhanced liver fibrosis score transient elastography women
Swanson S, Ma Y, Scherzer R, Huhn G, French AL, Plankey MW, Grunfeld C, Rosenberg WM, Peters MG, Tien PC (2016). Association of HIV, Hepatitis C Virus, and Liver Fibrosis Severity With the Enhanced Liver Fibrosis Score. J Infect Dis, 213(7), 1079-86. PMC4779303
Journal Article
A picture is worth a thousand words: maps of HIV indicators to inform research, programs, and policy from NA-ACCORD and CCASAnet clinical cohorts
J Int AIDS Soc
2016
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27049052
INTRODUCTION: Maps are powerful tools for visualization of differences in health indicators by geographical region, but multi-country maps of HIV indicators do not exist, perhaps due to lack of consistent data across countries. Our objective was to create maps of four HIV indicators in North, Central, and South American countries. METHODS: Using data from the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD) and the Caribbean, Central, and South America network for HIV epidemiology (CCASAnet), we mapped median CD4 at presentation for HIV clinical care, proportion retained in HIV primary care, proportion prescribed antiretroviral therapy (ART), and the proportion with suppressed plasma HIV viral load (VL) from 2010 to 2012 for North, Central, and South America. The 15 Canadian and US clinical cohorts and 7 clinical cohorts in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, and Peru represented approximately 2-7% of persons known to be living with HIV in thes
10.7448/IAS.19.1.20707
27049052
PMC4821890
Adult CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Cooperative Behavior Cross-Sectional Studies Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/epidemiology/immunology Health Policy Humans Male Middle Aged Research Design CD4 T-lymphocyte count Central America HIV RNA suppression HIV indicators Map North America South America antiretroviral therapy implementation science retention in care
Althoff KN, Rebeiro PF, Hanna DB, Padgett D, Horberg MA, Grinsztejn B, Abraham AG, Hogg R, Gill MJ, Wolff MJ, Mayor A, Rachlis A, Williams C, Sterling TR, Kitahata MM, Buchacz K, Thorne JE, Cesar C, Cordero FM, Rourke SB, Sierra-Madero J, Pape JW, Cahn P, McGowan C; North American Aids Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD) and Caribbean, Central and South America Network for Hiv Epidemiology (CCASAnet) (2016). A picture is worth a thousand words: maps of HIV indicators to inform research, programs, and policy from NA-ACCORD and CCASAnet clinical cohorts. J Int AIDS Soc, 19(1), 20707. PMC4821890
Journal Article
Health outcomes among HIV-positive Latinos initiating antiretroviral therapy in North America versus Central and South America
J Int AIDS Soc
2016
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26996992
INTRODUCTION: Latinos living with HIV in the Americas share a common ethnic and cultural heritage. In North America, Latinos have a relatively high rate of new HIV infections but lower rates of engagement at all stages of the care continuum, whereas in Latin America antiretroviral therapy (ART) services continue to expand to meet treatment needs. In this analysis, we compare HIV treatment outcomes between Latinos receiving ART in North America versus Latin America. METHODS: HIV-positive adults initiating ART at Caribbean, Central and South America Network for HIV (CCASAnet) sites were compared to Latino patients (based on country of origin or ethnic identity) starting treatment at North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD) sites in the United States and Canada between 2000 and 2011. Cox proportional hazards models compared mortality, treatment interruption, antiretroviral regimen change, virologic failure and loss to follow-up between cohorts. RESULTS:
10.7448/IAS.19.1.20684
26996992
PMC4800379
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use Canada Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy Hispanic Americans Humans Male North America Proportional Hazards Models South America Treatment Outcome United States Hiv Latin America antiretroviral therapy cohort studies highly active mortality
Cesar C, Koethe JR, Giganti MJ, Rebeiro P, Althoff KN, Napravnik S, Mayor A, Grinsztejn B, Wolff M, Padgett D, Sierra-Madero J, Gotuzzo E, Sterling TR, Willig J, Levison J, Kitahata M, Rodriguez-Barradas MC, Moore RD, McGowan C, Shepherd BE, Cahn P; Caribbean, Central and South America Network for HIV epidemiology (CCASAnet) and North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD) (2016). Health outcomes among HIV-positive Latinos initiating antiretroviral therapy in North America versus Central and South America. J Int AIDS Soc, 19(1), 20684. PMC4800379
Journal Article
Linked in: immunologic membrane nanotube networks
J Leukoc Biol
2016
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26931578
Membrane nanotubes, also termed tunneling nanotubes, are F-actin-based structures that can form direct cytoplasmic connections and support rapid communication between distant cells. These nanoscale conduits have been observed in diverse cell types, including immune, neuronal, stromal, cancer, and stem cells. Until recently, little was known about the mechanisms involved in membrane nanotube development in myeloid origin APCs or how membrane nanotube networks support their ability to bridge innate and adaptive immunity. New research has provided insight into the modes of induction and regulation of the immune process of "reticulation" or the development of multicellular membrane nanotube networks in dendritic cells. Preprogramming by acute type 1 inflammatory mediators at their immature stage licenses mature type 1-polarized dendritic cells to reticulate upon subsequent interaction with CD40 ligand-expressing CD4(+) Th cells. Dendritic cell reticulation can support direct antigen transf
10.1189/jlb.4VMR0915-395R
26931578
PMC4946617
Animals Antigen Presentation/*immunology Cell Membrane/*immunology Dendritic Cells/*immunology Humans Immunity, Cellular/*immunology *Nanotubes *cd40l *hiv-1 *antigen transfer
Zaccard CR, Rinaldo CR, Mailliard RB (2016). Linked in: immunologic membrane nanotube networks. J Leukoc Biol, 100(1), 81-94. PMC4946617
Journal Article
Post-traumatic stress is associated with verbal learning, memory, and psychomotor speed in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women
J Neurovirol
2016
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26404435
The prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is higher among HIV-infected (HIV+) women compared with HIV-uninfected (HIV-) women, and deficits in episodic memory are a common feature of both PTSD and HIV infection. We investigated the association between a probable PTSD diagnosis using the PTSD Checklist-Civilian (PCL-C) version and verbal learning and memory using the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test in 1004 HIV+ and 496 at-risk HIV- women. HIV infection was not associated with a probable PTSD diagnosis (17% HIV+, 16% HIV-; p = 0.49) but was associated with lower verbal learning (p < 0.01) and memory scores (p < 0.01). Irrespective of HIV status, a probable PTSD diagnosis was associated with poorer performance in verbal learning (p < 0.01) and memory (p < 0.01) and psychomotor speed (p < 0.001). The particular pattern of cognitive correlates of probable PTSD varied depending on exposure to sexual abuse and/or violence, with exposure to either being associated with a greater num
10.1007/s13365-015-0380-9
26404435
PMC4783199
Adult Cognitive Dysfunction/complications/diagnosis/*physiopathology/virology Female HIV Infections/complications/diagnosis/*physiopathology/virology Humans *Memory Mental Health Middle Aged Neuropsychological Tests *Psychomotor Performance Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/complications/diagnosis/*physiopathology/virology *Verbal Learning Cognition Hiv Post-traumatic stress disorder Women
Rubin LH, Pyra M, Cook JA, Weber KM, Cohen MH, Martin E, Valcour V, Milam J, Anastos K, Young MA, Alden C, Gustafson DR, Maki PM. (2016). Post-traumatic stress is associated with verbal learning, memory, and psychomotor speed in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women. J Neurovirol, 22(2), 159-69. PMC4783199
Journal Article
Elevated stress is associated with prefrontal cortex dysfunction during a verbal memory task in women with HIV
J Neurovirol
2016
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27094924
HIV-infected women may be particularly vulnerable to verbal learning and memory deficits. One factor contributing to these deficits is high perceived stress, which is associated with prefrontal cortical (PFC) atrophy and memory outcomes sensitive to PFC function, including retrieval and semantic clustering. We examined the association between stress and PFC activation during a verbal memory task in 36 HIV-infected women from the Chicago Consortium of the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) to better understand the role of the PFC in this stress-related impairment. Participants completed standardized measures of verbal learning and memory and stress (perceived stress scale-10). We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to assess brain function while participants completed encoding and recognition phases of a verbal memory task. HIV-infected women with higher stress (scores in top tertile) performed worse on all verbal memory outcomes including strategic encoding (p < 0.05) compared
10.1007/s13365-016-0446-3
27094924
PMC5071112
Adult Brain Mapping Female Gyrus Cinguli/*diagnostic imaging/physiopathology HIV Infections/*complications/diagnostic imaging/physiopathology Humans Longitudinal Studies Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mental Recall/physiology Middle Aged Neuropsychological Tests Prefrontal Cortex/*diagnostic imaging/physiopathology Severity of Illness Index Stress, Psychological/*complications/diagnostic imaging/physiopathology Verbal Learning/physiology *hiv *Prefrontal cortex *Stress *Verbal memory *fMRI conflicts of interest.
Rubin LH, Wu M, Sundermann EE, Meyer VJ, Smith R, Weber KM, Cohen MH, Little DM, Maki PM (2016). Elevated stress is associated with prefrontal cortex dysfunction during a verbal memory task in women with HIV. J Neurovirol, 22(6), 840-851. PMC5071112
Journal Article
Utilization of Alcohol Treatment Among HIV-Positive Women with Hazardous Drinking
J Subst Abuse Treat
2016
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26961420
Hazardous alcohol consumption has been frequently reported among women with HIV infection and is associated with a variety of negative health consequences. Treatments to reduce alcohol use may bring in health benefits. However, little is known regarding the utilization of alcohol treatment services among HIV+ women with hazardous drinking. Using data from the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), this study assessed utilization of any alcohol treatment in the past 6 months and performed multivariable logistic regression to determine correlates of receipt of any alcohol treatment. Among 474 HIV+ women reporting recent hazardous drinking, less than one in five (19%) reported recent utilization of any alcohol treatment. Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) was the most commonly reported (12.9%), followed by inpatient detoxification (9.9%) and outpatient alcohol treatment program (7.0%). Half (51%) receiving any alcohol treatment reported utilization of multiple treatments. Multivariable analyses fou
10.1016/j.jsat.2016.01.011
26961420
PMC4943324
Adolescent Adult Alcohol Drinking Alcohol-Related Disorders/*therapy Female *HIV Infections Humans *Patient Compliance Socioeconomic Factors Substance Abuse Treatment Centers Surveys and Questionnaires United States Women's Health Young Adult Alcohol treatment Hazardous drinking Social support Utilization Women with HIV
Hu X, Harman J, Winterstein AG, Zhong Y, Wheeler AL, Taylor TN, Plankey M, Rubtsova A, Cropsey K, Cohen MH, Adimora AA, Milam J, Adedimeji A, Cook RL (2016). Utilization of Alcohol Treatment Among HIV-Positive Women with Hazardous Drinking. J Subst Abuse Treat, 64(), 55-61. PMC4943324
Journal Article
Complex Interplay between HIV-1 Capsid and MX2-Independent Alpha Interferon-Induced Antiviral Factors
J Virol
2016
15-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27279606
UNLABELLED: Type I interferons (IFNs), including IFN-alpha, upregulate an array of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) and potently suppress Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infectivity in CD4(+) T cells, monocyte-derived macrophages, and dendritic cells. Recently, we and others identified ISG myxovirus resistance 2 (MX2) as an inhibitor of HIV-1 nuclear entry. However, additional antiviral blocks exist upstream of nuclear import, but the ISGs that suppress infection, e.g., prior to (or during) reverse transcription, remain to be defined. We show here that the HIV-1 CA mutations N74D and A105T, both of which allow escape from inhibition by MX2 and the truncated version of cleavage and polyadenylation specific factor 6 (CPSF6), as well as the cyclophilin A (CypA)-binding loop mutation P90A, all increase sensitivity to IFN-alpha-mediated inhibition. Using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/Cas9 technology, we demonstrate that the IFN-alpha hypersensitivi
10.1128/JVI.00458-16
27279606
PMC4984639
Antiviral Agents/*metabolism Cell Line HIV Core Protein p24/genetics/*metabolism HIV-1/*immunology/*physiology *Host-Pathogen Interactions Humans Immunity, Innate Immunologic Factors/*metabolism Interferon-alpha/immunology Monocytes/virology Mutant Proteins/genetics/metabolism
Bulli L, Apolonia L, Kutzner J, Pollpeter D, Goujon C, Herold N, Schwarz SM, Giernat Y, Keppler OT, Malim MH, Schaller T (2016). Complex Interplay between HIV-1 Capsid and MX2-Independent Alpha Interferon-Induced Antiviral Factors. J Virol, 90(16), 7469-7480. PMC4984639
Journal Article
Determining Survey Satisficing of Online Longitudinal Survey Data in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study: A Group-Based Trajectory Analysis
JMIR Public Health Surveill
2016
8-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27503107
BACKGROUND: Survey satisficing occurs when participants respond to survey questions rapidly without carefully reading or comprehending them. Studies have demonstrated the occurrence of survey satisficing, which can degrade survey quality, particularly in longitudinal studies. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to use a group-based trajectory analysis method to identify satisficers when similar survey questions were asked periodically in a long-standing cohort, and to examine factors associated with satisficing in the surveys having sensitive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related behavioral questions. METHODS: Behavioral data were collected semiannually online at all four sites of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) from October 2008 through March 2013. Based on the start and end times, and the word counts per variable, response speed (word counts per second) for each participant visit was calculated. Two-step group-based trajectory analyses of the response speed across 9 stu
10.2196/publichealth.5240
27503107
PMC5014543
Acasi cohort studies data collection data quality group-based trajectory analysis reading speed survey satisficing
Di J, Li Y, Friedman MR, Reddy S, Surkan PJ, Shoptaw S, Plankey M (2016). Determining Survey Satisficing of Online Longitudinal Survey Data in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study: A Group-Based Trajectory Analysis. JMIR Public Health Surveill, 2(2), e150. PMC5014543
Journal Article
Improving HIV Surveillance Data for Public Health Action in Washington, DC: A Novel Multiorganizational Data-Sharing Method
JMIR Public Health Surveill
2016
Jan-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27227157
BACKGROUND: The National HIV/AIDS Strategy calls for active surveillance programs for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to more accurately measure access to and retention in care across the HIV care continuum for persons living with HIV within their jurisdictions and to identify persons who may need public health services. However, traditional public health surveillance methods face substantial technological and privacy-related barriers to data sharing. OBJECTIVE: This study developed a novel data-sharing approach to improve the timeliness and quality of HIV surveillance data in three jurisdictions where persons may often travel across the borders of the District of Columbia, Maryland, and Virginia. METHODS: A deterministic algorithm of approximately 1000 lines was developed, including a person-matching system with Enhanced HIV/AIDS Reporting System (eHARS) variables. Person matching was defined in categories (from strongest to weakest): exact, very high, high, medium high, medium, me
10.2196/publichealth.5317
27227157
PMC4869245
Hiv data sharing public health surveillance technology
Ocampo JMF, Smart JC, Allston A, Bhattacharjee R, Boggavarapu S, Carter S, Castel AD, Collmann J, Flynn C, Hamp A, Jordan D, Kassaye S, Kharfen M, Lum G, Pemmaraju R, Rhodes A, Stover J, Young MA (2016). Improving HIV Surveillance Data for Public Health Action in Washington, DC: A Novel Multiorganizational Data-Sharing Method. JMIR Public Health Surveill, 2(1), e3. PMC4869245
Journal Article
Effective cytotoxic T lymphocyte targeting of persistent HIV-1 during antiretroviral therapy requires priming of naive CD8+ T cells
MBio
2016
2016
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27247230
Curing HIV-1 infection will require elimination of persistent cellular reservoirs that harbor latent virus in the face of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Proposed immunotherapeutic strategies to cure HIV-1 infection include enhancing lysis of these infected cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). A major challenge in this strategy is overcoming viral immune escape variants that have evaded host immune control. Here we report that naive CD8(+) T cells from chronic HIV-1-infected participants on long-term cART can be primed by dendritic cells (DC). These DC must be mature, produce high levels of interleukin 12p70 (IL-12p70), be responsive to CD40 ligand (CD40L), and be loaded with inactivated, autologous HIV-1. These DC-primed CD8(+) T cell responders produced high levels of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) in response to a broad range of both conserved and variable regions of Gag and effectively killed CD4(+) T cell targets that were either infected with the autologous latent res
10.1128/mBio.00473-16
27247230
PMC4895106
activation antiretroviral therapy biology CD40 Ligand CD8+ cells control cytokine cytotoxic Dendritic Cells Disease genetics Hiv-1 HIV-1 infection immune Immunity Immunotherapy In Vitro infection infectious diseases Laboratories lymphocyte Lymphocytes Memory microbiology pathology Pennsylvania Peptides Pittsburgh response secretion study support t cell t lymphocytes t-cells T-Lymphocytes therapies therapy virus
Smith KN, Mailliard RB, Piazza PA, Fischer W, Korber BT, Fecek RJ, Ratner D, Gupta P, Mullins JI, Rinaldo CR (2016). Effective cytotoxic T lymphocyte targeting of persistent HIV-1 during antiretroviral therapy requires priming of naive CD8+ T cells. MBio, 7(3), . PMC4895106
Journal Article
Hepatic fibrosis and immune phenotype vary by HCV viremia in HCV/HIV co-infected subjects: A Women's interagency HIV study
Medicine (Baltimore)
2016
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27537569
HCV and HIV independently lead to immune dysregulation. The mechanisms leading to advanced liver disease progression in HCV/HIV coinfected subjects remain unclear.In this cross-sectional study, we assessed the association of HCV viremia, liver fibrosis, and immune response patterns in well-characterized HIV phenotypes: Elite controllers (Elites), HIV controlled (ARTc), and HIV uncontrolled (ARTuc) matched by age and race. Groups were stratified by HCV RNA status. Regulatory T-cell frequencies, T-cell activation (HLADR+CD38+), apoptosis (Caspase-3+), and intracellular cytokines (interferon-gamma, IL-2, IL-17) were assessed using multiparametric flow-cytometry. Liver fibrosis was scored by AST to platelet ratio index (APRI).We found liver fibrosis (APRI) was 50% lower in Elites and ARTc compared to ARTuc. Higher liver fibrosis was associated with significantly low CD4+ T cell counts (P < 0.001, coefficient r = -0.463). Immune activation varied by HIV phenotype but was not modified by HCV
10.1097/MD.0000000000004483
27537569
PMC5370796
Adult CD4 Lymphocyte Count CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism Caspase 3/metabolism Coinfection/*complications/immunology Cross-Sectional Studies Female HIV/immunology HIV Infections/*complications/immunology Hepacivirus/immunology Hepatitis C/*complications/immunology Hepatitis C, Chronic/complications/immunology Humans Interleukin-2/metabolism Liver Cirrhosis/immunology/*virology Middle Aged Viremia/*complications/immunology
Desai SN, Dodge JL, Landay AL, Glesby MJ, Latham PS, Villacres MC, French AL, Gange SJ, Greenblatt RM, Peters MG (2016). Hepatic fibrosis and immune phenotype vary by HCV viremia in HCV/HIV co-infected subjects: A Women's interagency HIV study. Medicine (Baltimore), 95(33), e4483. PMC5370796
Journal Article
Changes in weight and weight distribution across the lifespan among HIV-infected and -uninfected men and women
Medicine (Baltimore)
2016
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27861378
Examine body composition changes across the lifespan of HIV-infected compared to uninfected adults. Longitudinal study of antiretroviral therapy (ART)-treated HIV-infected and uninfected participants from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and Women's Interagency HIV Study. Body mass index (BMI), waist (WC), hip circumference (HC), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) measured at semiannual visits from 1999 to 2014. The age effect on outcomes over time was investigated using multivariate, piecewise, linear mixed-effect regression models adjusted for demographics, substance use, and comorbidities. Person-visits from 2363 men (1059 HIV-infected/1304 HIV-uninfected) and 2200 women (1455 HIV-infected/745 HIV-uninfected), median ages 45 [IQR 39,51] and 40 [32,46], respectively, were included. BMI gains were slower among HIV-infected participants of 40 years or less (P < 0.001), similar between HIV-infected and uninfected persons 40 to 60 years of age, and plateaued after age 60 in both groups. W
10.1097/MD.0000000000005399
27861378
PMC5120935
Adult Age Factors Anthropometry/methods Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use *Body Composition Body Mass Index *Body Weight CD4 Lymphocyte Count/methods Cohort Studies Female *HIV Infections/diagnosis/drug therapy/epidemiology/metabolism Health Status Disparities Humans Male Middle Aged Socioeconomic Factors United States/epidemiology
Erlandson KM, Zhang L, Lake JE, Schrack J, Althoff K, Sharma A, Tien PC, Margolick JB, Jacobson LP, Brown TT (2016). Changes in weight and weight distribution across the lifespan among HIV-infected and -uninfected men and women. Medicine (Baltimore), 95(46), e5399. PMC5120935
Journal Article
Correlation of the lung microbiota with metabolic profiles in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in HIV infection
Microbiome
2016
20-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26792212
BACKGROUND: While 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing has been used to characterize the lung's bacterial microbiota in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals, taxonomic studies provide limited information on bacterial function and impact on the host. Metabolic profiles can provide functional information on host-microbe interactions in the lungs. We investigated the relationship between the respiratory microbiota and metabolic profiles in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected outpatients. RESULTS: Targeted sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was used to analyze the bacterial community structure and liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry was used to detect features in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Global integration of all metabolic features with microbial species was done using sparse partial least squares regression. Thirty-nine HIV-infected subjects and 20 HIV-uninfected controls without acute respiratory symptoms were enroll
10.1186/s40168-016-0147-4
26792212
PMC4721204
Adult Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/microbiology Case-Control Studies Caulobacteraceae/classification/genetics/metabolism Chromatography, Liquid Cystine/metabolism Female Glycerophospholipids/metabolism HIV/growth & development HIV Infections/*metabolism/*microbiology/virology Host-Pathogen Interactions Humans Least-Squares Analysis Lung/*metabolism/microbiology Male Mass Spectrometry *Metabolome Microbiota/*genetics Nocardiaceae/classification/genetics/metabolism RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/*genetics/metabolism Sequence Analysis, RNA Staphylococcaceae/classification/genetics/metabolism Streptococcus/classification/genetics/metabolism Tyrosine/analogs & derivatives/metabolism
Cribbs SK, Uppal K, Li S, Jones DP, Huang L, Tipton L, Fitch A, Greenblatt RM, Kingsley L, Guidot DM, Ghedin E, Morris A (2016). Correlation of the lung microbiota with metabolic profiles in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in HIV infection. Microbiome, 4(1), 3. PMC4721204
Journal Article
New loci for body fat percentage reveal link between adiposity and cardiometabolic disease risk
Nat Commun
2016
1-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26833246
To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of adiposity and its links to cardiometabolic disease risk, we conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of body fat percentage (BF%) in up to 100,716 individuals. Twelve loci reached genome-wide significance (P<5 x 10(-8)), of which eight were previously associated with increased overall adiposity (BMI, BF%) and four (in or near COBLL1/GRB14, IGF2BP1, PLA2G6, CRTC1) were novel associations with BF%. Seven loci showed a larger effect on BF% than on BMI, suggestive of a primary association with adiposity, while five loci showed larger effects on BMI than on BF%, suggesting association with both fat and lean mass. In particular, the loci more strongly associated with BF% showed distinct cross-phenotype association signatures with a range of cardiometabolic traits revealing new insights in the link between adiposity and disease risk.
10.1038/ncomms10495
26833246
PMC4740398
Adiposity/*genetics Animals Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/metabolism Gene Expression Regulation/physiology Gene Knockdown Techniques *Genetic Predisposition to Disease Genome-Wide Association Study Heart Diseases/*genetics Humans Quantitative Trait Loci/*genetics
Lu Y, Day FR, Gustafsson S, Buchkovich ML, Na J, Bataille V, Cousminer DL, Dastani Z, Drong AW, Esko T, Evans DM, Falchi M, Feitosa MF, Ferreira T, Hedman ÅK, Haring R, Hysi PG, Iles MM, Justice AE, Kanoni S, Lagou V, Li R, Li X, Locke A, Lu C, Mägi R, Perry JR, Pers TH, Qi Q, Sanna M, Schmidt EM, Scott WR, Shungin D, Teumer A, Vinkhuyzen AA, Walker RW, Westra HJ, Zhang M, Zhang W, Zhao JH, Zhu Z, Afzal U, Ahluwalia TS, Bakker SJ, Bellis C, Bonnefond A, Borodulin K, Buchman AS, Cederholm T, Choh AC, Choi HJ, Curran JE, de Groot LC, De Jager PL, Dhonukshe-Rutten RA, Enneman AW, Eury E, Evans DS, Forsen T, Friedrich N, Fumeron F, Garcia ME, Gärtner S, Han BG, Havulinna AS, Hayward C, Hernandez D, Hillege H, Ittermann T, Kent JW, Kolcic I, Laatikainen T, Lahti J, Mateo Leach I, Lee CG, Lee JY, Liu T, Liu Y, Lobbens S, Loh M, Lyytikäinen LP, Medina-Gomez C, Michaëlsson K, Nalls MA, Nielson CM, Oozageer L, Pascoe L, Paternoster L, Polašek O, Ripatti S, Sarzynski MA, Shin CS, Narančić NS, Spira D, Srikanth P, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, Sung YJ, Swart KM, Taittonen L, Tanaka T, Tikkanen E, van der Velde N, van Schoor NM, Verweij N, Wright AF, Yu L, Zmuda JM, Eklund N, Forrester T, Grarup N, Jackson AU, Kristiansson K, Kuulasmaa T, Kuusisto J, Lichtner P, Luan J, Mahajan A, Männistö S, Palmer CD, Ried JS, Scott RA, Stancáková A, Wagner PJ, Demirkan A, Döring A, Gudnason V, Kiel DP, Kühnel B, Mangino M, Mcknight B, Menni C, O'Connell JR, Oostra BA, Shuldiner AR, Song K, Vandenput L, van Duijn CM, Vollenweider P, White CC, Boehnke M, Boettcher Y, Cooper RS, Forouhi NG, Gieger C, Grallert H, Hingorani A, Jørgensen T, Jousilahti P, Kivimaki M, Kumari M, Laakso M, Langenberg C, Linneberg A, Luke A, Mckenzie CA, Palotie A, Pedersen O, Peters A, Strauch K, Tayo BO, Wareham NJ, Bennett DA, Bertram L, Blangero J, Blüher M, Bouchard C, Campbell H, Cho NH, Cummings SR, Czerwinski SA, Demuth I, Eckardt R, Eriksson JG, Ferrucci L, Franco OH, Froguel P, Gansevoort RT, Hansen T, Harris TB, Hastie N, Heliövaara M, Hofman A, Jordan JM, Jula A, Kähönen M, Kajantie E, Knekt PB, Koskinen S, Kovacs P, Lehtimäki T, Lind L, Liu Y, Orwoll ES, Osmond C, Perola M, Pérusse L, Raitakari OT, Rankinen T, Rao DC, Rice TK, Rivadeneira F, Rudan I, Salomaa V, Sørensen TI, Stumvoll M, Tönjes A, Towne B, Tranah GJ, Tremblay A, Uitterlinden AG, van der Harst P, Vartiainen E, Viikari JS, Vitart V, Vohl MC, Völzke H, Walker M, Wallaschofski H, Wild S, Wilson JF, Yengo L, Bishop DT, Borecki IB, Chambers JC, Cupples LA, Dehghan A, Deloukas P, Fatemifar G, Fox C, Furey TS, Franke L, Han J, Hunter DJ, Karjalainen J, Karpe F, Kaplan RC, Kooner JS, McCarthy MI, Murabito JM, Morris AP, Bishop JA, North KE, Ohlsson C, Ong KK, Prokopenko I, Richards JB, Schadt EE, Spector TD, Widén E, Willer CJ, Yang J, Ingelsson E, Mohlke KL, Hirschhorn JN, Pospisilik JA, Zillikens MC, Lindgren C, Kilpeläinen TO, Loos RJ (2016). New loci for body fat percentage reveal link between adiposity and cardiometabolic disease risk. Nat Commun, 7(), 10495. PMC4740398
Journal Article
Identification of Siglec-1 null individuals infected with HIV-1
Nat Commun
2016
11-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27510803
Siglec-1/CD169 is a myeloid-cell surface receptor critical for HIV-1 capture and infection of bystander target cells. To dissect the role of SIGLEC1 in natura, we scan a large population genetic database and identify a loss-of-function variant (Glu88Ter) that is found in approximately 1% of healthy people. Exome analysis and direct genotyping of 4,233 HIV-1-infected individuals reveals two Glu88Ter homozygous and 97 heterozygous subjects, allowing the analysis of ex vivo and in vivo consequences of SIGLEC1 loss-of-function. Cells from these individuals are functionally null or haploinsufficient for Siglec-1 activity in HIV-1 capture and trans-infection ex vivo. However, Siglec-1 protein truncation does not have a measurable impact on HIV-1 acquisition or AIDS outcomes in vivo. This result contrasts with the known in vitro functional role of Siglec-1 in HIV-1 trans-infection. Thus, it provides evidence that the classical HIV-1 infectious routes may compensate for the lack of Siglec-1 in
10.1038/ncomms12412
27510803
PMC4987525
Adult Alleles CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism Cell Lineage Dendritic Cells/metabolism Disease Progression Exome Exons Female Genetics, Population Genotype HIV Infections/*genetics Hiv-1 Heterozygote Homozygote Humans Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism Longitudinal Studies Male Middle Aged Prospective Studies Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 1/*genetics Switzerland United States
Martinez-Picado J, McLaren PJ, Erkizia I, Martin MP, Benet S, Rotger M, Dalmau J, Ouchi D, Wolinsky SM, Penugonda S, Günthard HF, Fellay J, Carrington M, Izquierdo-Useros N, Telenti A (2016). Identification of Siglec-1 null individuals infected with HIV-1. Nat Commun, 7(), 12412. PMC4987525
Journal Article
Enrichment of the lung microbiome with oral taxa is associated with lung inflammation of a Th17 phenotype
Nat Microbiol
2016
4/4/2016
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27572644
Microaspiration is a common phenomenon in healthy subjects, but its frequency is increased in chronic inflammatory airway diseases, and its role in inflammatory and immune phenotypes is unclear. We have previously demonstrated that acellular bronchoalveolar lavage samples from half of the healthy people examined are enriched with oral taxa (here called pneumotypeSPT) and this finding is associated with increased numbers of lymphocytes and neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage. Here, we have characterized the inflammatory phenotype using a multi-omic approach. By evaluating both upper airway and acellular bronchoalveolar lavage samples from 49 subjects from three cohorts without known pulmonary disease, we observed that pneumotypeSPT was associated with a distinct metabolic profile, enhanced expression of inflammatory cytokines, a pro-inflammatory phenotype characterized by elevated Th-17 lymphocytes and, conversely, a blunted alveolar macrophage TLR4 response. The cellular immune respo
10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.31
27572644
PMC5010013
biology cohort cytokine Cytokines Disease genetics health Human Humans immune immune response immunology Inflammation Lung lymphocyte Lymphocytes macrophage microbiology Neutrophils New York pathology Pennsylvania Phenotype Philadelphia Pittsburgh Public Health research response Role San Francisco
Segal LN, Clemente JC, Tsay JC, Koralov SB, Keller BC, Wu BG, Li Y, Shen N, Ghedin E, Morris A, Diaz P, Huang L, Wikoff WR, Ubeda C, Artacho A, Rom WN, Sterman DH, Collman RG, Blaser MJ, Weiden MD (2016). Enrichment of the lung microbiome with oral taxa is associated with lung inflammation of a Th17 phenotype. Nat Microbiol, 1(), 16031. PMC5010013
Journal Article
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder--pathogenesis and prospects for treatment
Nat Rev Neurol
2016
Apr-16
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26965674
In the past two decades, several advancements have improved the care of HIV-infected individuals. Most importantly, the development and deployment of combination antiretroviral therapy (CART) has resulted in a dramatic decline in the rate of deaths from AIDS, so that people living with HIV today have nearly normal life expectancies if treated with CART. The term HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) has been used to describe the spectrum of neurocognitive dysfunction associated with HIV infection. HIV can enter the CNS during early stages of infection, and persistent CNS HIV infection and inflammation probably contribute to the development of HAND. The brain can subsequently serve as a sanctuary for ongoing HIV replication, even when systemic viral suppression has been achieved. HAND can remain in patients treated with CART, and its effects on survival, quality of life and everyday functioning make it an important unresolved issue. In this Review, we describe the epidemiology o
10.1038/nrneurol.2016.27
26965674
PMC4937456
AIDS Animal antiretroviral therapy Baltimore Brain CNS death effects epidemiology Hand Hiv HIV infection Homeostasis infection Inflammation Maryland model neurology New York Quality of Life research review support survival therapies therapy treatment
Saylor D, Dickens AM, Sacktor N, Haughey N, Slusher B, Pletnikov M, Mankowski JL, Brown A, Volsky DJ, McArthur JC (2016). HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder--pathogenesis and prospects for treatment. Nat Rev Neurol, 12(4), 234-248. PMC4937456
Journal Article
Persistent HIV-1 replication maintains the tissue reservoir during therapy
Nature
2016
4-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26814962
Lymphoid tissue is a key reservoir established by HIV-1 during acute infection. It is a site associated with viral production, storage of viral particles in immune complexes, and viral persistence. Although combinations of antiretroviral drugs usually suppress viral replication and reduce viral RNA to undetectable levels in blood, it is unclear whether treatment fully suppresses viral replication in lymphoid tissue reservoirs. Here we show that virus evolution and trafficking between tissue compartments continues in patients with undetectable levels of virus in their bloodstream. We present a spatial and dynamic model of persistent viral replication and spread that indicates why the development of drug resistance is not a foregone conclusion under conditions in which drug concentrations are insufficient to completely block virus replication. These data provide new insights into the evolutionary and infection dynamics of the virus population within the host, revealing that HIV-1 can con
10.1038/nature16933
26814962
PMC4865637
Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage/pharmacology/therapeutic use Carrier State/blood/*drug therapy/*virology Drug Resistance, Viral/drug effects HIV Infections/blood/*drug therapy/*virology HIV-1/drug effects/genetics/*growth & development/isolation & purification Haplotypes/drug effects Humans Lymph Nodes/drug effects/virology Models, Biological Molecular Sequence Data Phylogeny Selection, Genetic/drug effects Sequence Analysis, DNA Spatio-Temporal Analysis Time Factors *Viral Load/drug effects *Virus Replication/drug effects
Lorenzo-Redondo R, Fryer HR, Bedford T, Kim EY, Archer J, Pond SLK, Chung YS, Penugonda S, Chipman J, Fletcher CV, Schacker TW, Malim MH, Rambaut A, Haase AT, McLean AR, Wolinsky SM (2016). Persistent HIV-1 replication maintains the tissue reservoir during therapy. Nature, 530(7588), 51-56. PMC4865637
Journal Article
NIHMS746503
Use of urine biomarker-derived clusters to predict the risk of chronic kidney disease and all-cause mortality in HIV-infected women
Nephrol Dial Transplant
2016
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26754833
BACKGROUND: Although individual urine biomarkers are associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) incidence and all-cause mortality in the setting of HIV infection, their combined utility for prediction remains unknown. METHODS: We measured eight urine biomarkers shown previously to be associated with incident CKD and mortality risk among 902 HIV-infected women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study: N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase (NAG), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), alpha-1 microglobulin (alpha1m), interleukin 18, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, albumin-to-creatinine ratio, liver fatty acid-binding protein and alpha-1-acid-glycoprotein. A group-based cluster method classified participants into three distinct clusters using the three most distinguishing biomarkers (NAG, KIM-1 and alpha1m), independent of the study outcomes. We then evaluated associations of each cluster with incident CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) by cystatin C) and all-ca
10.1093/ndt/gfv426
26754833
PMC5009288
Acetylglucosaminidase/urine Adult Alpha-Globulins/urine Biomarkers/*urine Creatinine/urine Cystatin C/urine Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins Female HIV Infections/complications/*mortality/urine HIV-1/*physiology Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1/analysis Humans Interleukin-18/urine Lipocalin-2/urine Middle Aged Predictive Value of Tests Prospective Studies Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/etiology/*mortality/urine Risk Factors *hiv *biomarker *chronic kidney disease *cluster analysis *risk discrimination
Scherzer R, Lin H, Abraham A, Thiessen-Philbrook H, Parikh CR, Bennett M, Cohen MH, Nowicki M, Gustafson DR, Sharma A, Young M, Tien P, Jotwani V, Shlipak MG (2016). Use of urine biomarker-derived clusters to predict the risk of chronic kidney disease and all-cause mortality in HIV-infected women. Nephrol Dial Transplant, 31(9), 1478-85. PMC5009288
Journal Article
Prefrontal cortical volume loss is associated with stress-related deficits in verbal learning and memory in HIV-infected women
Neurobiol Dis
2016
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26408051
Deficits in verbal learning and memory are a prominent feature of neurocognitive function in HIV-infected women, and are associated with high levels of perceived stress. To understand the neurobiological factors contributing to this stress-related memory impairment, we examined the association between stress, verbal memory, and brain volumes in HIV-infected women. Participants included 38 HIV-infected women (Mean age=43.9years) from the Chicago Consortium of the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). Participants underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and completed standardized measures of verbal learning and memory and stress (Perceived Stress Scale-10; PSS-10). Brain volumes were evaluated in a priori regions of interest, including the medial temporal lobe (MTL) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Compared to HIV-infected women with lower stress (PSS-10 scores in lower two tertiles), HIV-infected women with higher stress (scores in the top tertile), performed worse on measures
10.1016/j.nbd.2015.09.010
26408051
PMC4808495
Adult Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use Female HIV Infections/complications/*diagnostic imaging/drug therapy/*psychology Humans Learning Disabilities/*diagnostic imaging/etiology Linear Models Longitudinal Studies Magnetic Resonance Imaging Memory Disorders/*diagnostic imaging/etiology Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis Neuropsychological Tests Organ Size Prefrontal Cortex/*diagnostic imaging Speech Perception Stress, Psychological/complications/*diagnostic imaging Temporal Lobe/diagnostic imaging *Brain volume *hiv *Memory *Stress *Women
Rubin LH, Meyer VJ, J Conant R, Sundermann EE, Wu M, Weber KM, Cohen MH, Little DM, Maki PM (2016). Prefrontal cortical volume loss is associated with stress-related deficits in verbal learning and memory in HIV-infected women. Neurobiol Dis, 92(Pt B), 166-74. PMC4808495
Journal Article
Untangling the Gordian knot of HIV, stress, and cognitive impairment
Neurobiol Stress
2016
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27981189
As individuals live longer with HIV, this "graying of the HIV epidemic" has introduced a new set of challenges including a growing number of age and inflammation-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type II diabetes, cancer, and dementia. The biological underpinnings of these complex and co-morbid diseases are not fully understood and become very difficult to disentangle in the context of HIV and aging. In the current review we examine the contributions and interactions of HIV, stress, and cognitive impairment and query the extent to which inflammation is the linchpin in these dynamic interactions. Given the inter-relatedness of stress, inflammatory mechanisms, HIV, and cognitive impairment, future work will either need to address multiple dimensions simultaneously or embrace the philosophy that breaking the aberrant cycle at any one point will subsequently remedy the other related systems and processes. Such a single-point intervention may be effective in early disease sta
10.1016/j.ynstr.2016.02.005
27981189
PMC5146199
ACTH, Adrenocorticotropic hormone AIDS, Acquired immune deficiency syndrome ANI, Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment ART, Antiretroviral therapy CBSM, Cognitive behavioral stress management Cd4 CNS, Central Nervous System CRP, C-reactive protein Cognition GALT, Gut-associated lymphoid tissue GR, Glucocorticoid receptor HAD, HIV-associated dementia HANA, HIV-associated, Non-AIDS HAND, HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders Hiv HPA, Hypothalamic-Pituitary Adrenal HRV, Heart rate variability IL-12, Interleukin-12 IL-18, Interleukin-18 IL-1beta, Interleukin-1beta IL-2, Interleukin-2 IL-6, Interleukin-6 INSTIs, Integrase strand transfer inhibitors Inflammation LPS, Lipopolysaccharide LTP, Long-term potentiation MND, Mild neurocognitive disorder NNRTIs, Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors NRTIs, Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors PFC, Prefrontal cortex PIs, Protease inhibitors PLWH, People living with HIV PTSD, Posttraumatic stress disorder ROS, Reactive oxygen speci
Valdez AN, Rubin LH, Neigh GN (2016). Untangling the Gordian knot of HIV, stress, and cognitive impairment. Neurobiol Stress, 4(), 44-54. PMC5146199
Journal Article
The early neurologic signs and symptoms of HIV infection
Neurology
2016
12-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27287219
10.1212/WNL.0000000000002849
27287219
Cognitive Dysfunction/blood/*etiology/virology HIV Infections/blood/*complications/virology Humans Nervous System Diseases/blood/*etiology/virology
Becker JT (2016). The early neurologic signs and symptoms of HIV infection. Neurology, 87(2), 126-7.
Journal Article
Prevalence of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
Neurology
2016
26-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26718568
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the frequency of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) in HIV+ individuals and determine whether the frequency of HAND changed over 4 years of follow-up. METHODS: The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) is a prospective study of gay/bisexual men. Beginning in 2007, all MACS participants received a full neuropsychological test battery and functional assessments every 2 years to allow for HAND classification. RESULTS: The frequency of HAND for the 364 HIV+ individuals seen in 2007-2008 was 33% and for the 197 HIV+ individuals seen at all time periods during the 2007-2008, 2009-2010, and 2011-2012 periods were 25%, 25%, and 31%, respectively. The overall frequency of HAND increased from 2009-2010 to 2011-2012 (p = 0.048). Over the 4-year study, 77% of the 197 HIV+ individuals remained at their same stage, with 13% showing deterioration and 10% showing improvement in HAND stage. Hypercholesterolemia was associated with HAND progression. A diagnosis of asympt
10.1212/WNL.0000000000002277
26718568
PMC4776086
AIDS Dementia Complex/*diagnosis/drug therapy/*epidemiology Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Comorbidity *Disease Progression Follow-Up Studies Humans Hypercholesterolemia/epidemiology Male Middle Aged Neuropsychological Tests Prevalence *Severity of Illness Index
Sacktor N, Skolasky RL, Seaberg E, Munro C, Becker JT, Martin E, Ragin A, Levine A, Miller E (2016). Prevalence of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Neurology, 86(4), 334-40. PMC4776086
Journal Article
Risk of post-gastric bypass surgery hypoglycemia in nondiabetic individuals: A single center experience
Obesity (Silver Spring)
2016
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27225597
OBJECTIVE: The epidemiology of post-gastric bypass surgery hypoglycemia (PGBH) is incompletely understood. This study aimed to evaluate the risk of PGBH among nondiabetic patients and associated factors. METHODS: A cohort study of nondiabetic patients who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) was conducted. PGBH was defined by any postoperative record of glucose < 60 mg/dL, diagnosis of hypoglycemia, or any medication use for treatment of PGBH. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to describe PGBH occurrence, log-rank tests, and Cox regression to examine associated factors. RESULTS: Of the 1,206 eligible patients, 86% were female with mean age of 43.7 years, mean preoperative BMI of 48.7 kg/m(2) , and a mean follow-up of 4.8 years. The cumulative incidence of hypoglycemia at 1 and 5 years post-RYGB was 2.7% and 13.3%, respectively. Incidence of PGBH was identified in 158 patients and was associated with lower preoperative BMI (P = 0.048), lower preoperative HbA1c (P = 0.012), and higher
10.1002/oby.21479
27225597
PMC4919116
Adult Blood Glucose/metabolism Body Mass Index Cohort Studies Female Follow-Up Studies Gastric Bypass/*adverse effects Glycated Hemoglobin A/metabolism Humans Hypoglycemia/*blood/*epidemiology/etiology Incidence Male Middle Aged Obesity, Morbid/surgery Postoperative Period Proportional Hazards Models Risk Factors Weight Loss
Lee CJ, Wood GC, Lazo M, Brown TT, Clark JM, Still C, Benotti P (2016). Risk of post-gastric bypass surgery hypoglycemia in nondiabetic individuals: A single center experience. Obesity (Silver Spring), 24(6), 1342-8. PMC4919116
Journal Article
NIHMS794353
Genetic variation near IRS1 is associated with adiposity and a favorable metabolic profile in U.S. Hispanics/Latinos
Obesity (Silver Spring)
2016
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27663718
OBJECTIVE: Associations of IRS1 genetic variation with adiposity and metabolic profile in U.S. Hispanic/Latino individuals of diverse backgrounds were examined. METHODS: Previously genome-wide association study-identified IRS1 variants (rs2943650, rs2972146, rs2943641, and rs2943634) as related to body fat percentage (BF%) and multiple metabolic traits were tested among up to 12,730 adults (5,232 men; 7,515 women) from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. RESULTS: The C-allele (frequency = 26%) of rs2943650 was significantly associated with higher BF% overall (beta = 0.34 +/- 0.11% per allele; P = 0.002) and in women (beta = 0.41 +/- 0.14% per C-allele; P = 0.003), but not in men (beta = 0.28 +/- 0.18% per C-allele; P = 0.11), though there was no significant sex difference. Using the inverse normal-transformed data to compare effect sizes, it was found that the association with BF% was stronger in Hispanic/Latino women than that previously reported in European women (b
10.1002/oby.21624
27663718
PMC5093062
Adiposity/*genetics Adult Alleles Cholesterol, HDL/blood Ethnic Groups European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics Fasting/blood Female Gene Frequency *Genetic Variation Genome-Wide Association Study Glycated Hemoglobin A/analysis Hispanic Americans/*genetics Humans Insulin/blood Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins/*genetics Insulin Resistance/genetics Male *Metabolome Middle Aged Obesity/genetics Risk Factors Sex Factors Triglycerides/blood United States
Qi Q, Gogarten SM, Emery LS, Louie T, Stilp A, Cai J, Schneiderman N, Avilés-Santa ML, Kaplan RC, North KE, Laurie CC, Loos RJ, Isasi CR (2016). Genetic variation near IRS1 is associated with adiposity and a favorable metabolic profile in U.S. Hispanics/Latinos. Obesity (Silver Spring), 24(11), 2407-2413. PMC5093062
Journal Article
NIHMS803150
Systemic Cytokine Levels Do Not Predict CD4(+) T-Cell Recovery After Suppressive Combination Antiretroviral Therapy in Chronic Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Open Forum Infect Dis
2016
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26966697
Background. Subjects on suppressive combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) who do not achieve robust reconstitution of CD4(+) T cells face higher risk of complications and death. We studied participants in the Women's Interagency HIV Study with good (immunological responder [IR]) or poor (immunological nonresponder [INR]) CD4(+) T-cell recovery after suppressive cART (n = 50 per group) to determine whether cytokine levels or low-level viral load correlated with INR status. Methods. A baseline sample prior to viral control and 2 subsequent samples 1 and 2 years after viral control were tested. Serum levels of 30 cytokines were measured at each time point, and low-level human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viral load and anti-HIV antibody levels were measured 2 years after viral suppression. Results. There were minimal differences in cytokine levels between IR and INR subjects. At baseline, macrophage inflammatory protein-3beta levels were higher in IR subjects; after 1 year of suppress
10.1093/ofid/ofw025
26966697
PMC4782066
CD4+ T cells Hiv cART chemokines cytokines
Norris PJ, Zhang J, Worlock A, Nair SV, Anastos K, Minkoff HL, Villacres MC, Young M, Greenblatt RM, Desai S, Landay AL, Gange SJ, Nugent CT, Golub ET, Keating SM (2016). Systemic Cytokine Levels Do Not Predict CD4(+) T-Cell Recovery After Suppressive Combination Antiretroviral Therapy in Chronic Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. Open Forum Infect Dis, 3(1), ofw025. PMC4782066
Journal Article
Anatomic fat depots and coronary plaque among human immunodeficiency virus-infected and uninfected men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
Open Forum Infect Dis
2016
Apr-16
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27419170
Methods. In a cross-sectional substudy of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, noncontrast cardiac computed tomography (CT) scanning for coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring was performed on all men, and, for men with normal renal function, coronary CT angiography (CTA) was performed. Associations between fat depots (visceral adipose tissue [VAT], abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue [aSAT], and thigh subcutaneous adipose tissue [tSAT]) with coronary plaque presence and extent were assessed with logistic and linear regression adjusted for age, race, cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, body mass index (BMI), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) parameters. Results. Among HIV-infected men (n = 597) but not HIV-uninfected men (n = 343), having greater VAT was positively associated with noncalcified plaque presence (odds ratio [OR] = 1.04, P < .05), with a significant interaction (P < .05) by HIV serostatus. Human immunodeficiency virus-infected men had lower median aSAT and tSAT
10.1093/ofid/ofw098
27419170
PMC4943560
Adipose Tissue age AIDS Baltimore Biomedical Research Body Mass Index Calcium Chicago cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Coronary Artery Disease cross-sectional Disease Hiv Human human immunodeficiency virus Illinois immunodeficiency Los Angeles Maryland median methods multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Odds Ratio Pennsylvania Pittsburgh research Risk Risk Factors serostatus study virus
Palella FJ Jr, McKibben R, Post WS, Li X, Budoff M, Kingsley L, Witt MD, Jacobson LP, Brown TT (2016). Anatomic fat depots and coronary plaque among human immunodeficiency virus-infected and uninfected men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Open Forum Infect Dis, 3(2), ofw098. PMC4943560
Journal Article
Diminished CD103 (alphaEbeta7) Expression on Resident T Cells from the Female Genital Tract of HIV-Positive Women
Pathog Immun
2016
Fall-Winter
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28164171
BACKGROUND: Tissue resident memory T cells (TrM) provide an enhanced response against infection at mucosal surfaces, yet their function has not been extensively studied in humans, including the female genital tract (FGT). METHODS: Using polychromatic flow cytometry, we studied TrM cells, defined as CD62L-CCR7-CD103(+)CD69(+) CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in mucosa-derived T cells from healthy and HIV-positive women. RESULTS: We demonstrate that TrM are present in the FGT of healthy and HIV-positive women. The expression of the mucosal retention receptor, CD103, from HIV-positive women was reduced compared to healthy women and was lowest in women with CD4 counts < 500 cells/mm(3). Furthermore, CD103 expression on mucosa-derived CD8(+) T cells correlated with antigen-specific IFN-gamma production by mucosal CD4(+) T cells and was inversely correlated with T-bet from CD8(+)CD103(+) mucosa-derived T cells. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that CD4(+) T cells, known to be impaired during HIV-1 i
10.20411/pai.v1i2.166
28164171
PMC5288734
Cd103 CD4 T cells CD8+ T cells Hiv-1 Tissue Resident Memory T cells female genital tract mucosal immunity
Moylan DC, Goepfert PA, Kempf MC, Saag MS, Richter HE, Mestecky J, Sabbaj S (2016). Diminished CD103 (alphaEbeta7) Expression on Resident T Cells from the Female Genital Tract of HIV-Positive Women. Pathog Immun, 1(2), 371-387. PMC5288734
Journal Article
Role of APOBEC3F Gene Variation in HIV-1 Disease Progression and Pneumocystis Pneumonia
PLoS Genet
2016
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26942578
Human APOBEC3 cytidine deaminases are intrinsic resistance factors to HIV-1. However, HIV-1 encodes a viral infectivity factor (Vif) that degrades APOBEC3 proteins. In vitro APOBEC3F (A3F) anti-HIV-1 activity is weaker than A3G but is partially resistant to Vif degradation unlike A3G. It is unknown whether A3F protein affects HIV-1 disease in vivo. To assess the effect of A3F gene on host susceptibility to HIV- acquisition and disease progression, we performed a genetic association study in six well-characterized HIV-1 natural cohorts. A common six-Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) haplotype of A3F tagged by a codon-changing variant (p. I231V, with allele (V) frequency of 48% in European Americans) was associated with significantly lower set-point viral load and slower rate of progression to AIDS (Relative Hazards (RH) = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.56, 0.91) and delayed development of pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) (RH = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.37-0.76). A validation study in the International Collaborat
10.1371/journal.pgen.1005921
26942578
PMC4778847
Amino Acid Sequence Cytosine Deaminase/*genetics/metabolism Disease Progression HIV Infections/*genetics/pathology/virology HIV-1/pathogenicity Haplotypes Humans Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/*genetics/pathology/virology Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide Protein Binding vif Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/*genetics/metabolism
An P, Penugonda S, Thorball CW, Bartha I, Goedert JJ, Donfield S, Buchbinder S, Binns-Roemer E, Kirk GD, Zhang W, Fellay J, Yu XF, Winkler CA (2016). Role of APOBEC3F Gene Variation in HIV-1 Disease Progression and Pneumocystis Pneumonia. PLoS Genet, 12(3), e1005921. PMC4778847
Journal Article
Bacterial Vaginosis Is Associated with Loss of Gamma Delta T Cells in the Female Reproductive Tract in Women in the Miami Women Interagency HIV Study (WIHS): A Cross Sectional Study
PLoS One
2016
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27078021
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common female reproductive tract infection and is associated with an increased risk of acquiring and transmitting HIV by a mechanism that is not well understood. Gamma delta (GD) T cells are essential components of the adaptive and innate immune system, are present in the female reproductive tract, and play an important role in epithelial barrier protection. GD1 cells predominate in the mucosal tissue and are important in maintaining mucosal integrity. GD2 cells predominate in peripheral blood and play a role in humoral immunity and in the immune response to pathogens. HIV infection is associated with changes in GD T cells frequencies in the periphery and in the female reproductive tract. The objective of this study is to evaluate if changes in vaginal flora occurring with BV are associated with changes in endocervical GD T cell responses, which could account for increased susceptibility to HIV. Seventeen HIV-infected (HIV+) and 17 HIV-uninfected (H
10.1371/journal.pone.0153045
27078021
PMC4831836
Adult Bacteria/classification/growth & development/immunology CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cervix Uteri/immunology/microbiology Cross-Sectional Studies Disease Susceptibility/immunology Female Florida HIV Infections/immunology/virology Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology Humans Microbiota/immunology/physiology Population Dynamics Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/*immunology/metabolism Reproductive Tract Infections/*immunology/microbiology Risk Factors T-Lymphocyte Subsets/*immunology/metabolism/microbiology Vaginosis, Bacterial/*immunology/microbiology
Alcaide ML, Strbo N, Romero L, Jones DL, Rodriguez VJ, Arheart K, Martinez O, Bolivar H, Podack ER, Fischl MA (2016). Bacterial Vaginosis Is Associated with Loss of Gamma Delta T Cells in the Female Reproductive Tract in Women in the Miami Women Interagency HIV Study (WIHS): A Cross Sectional Study. PLoS One, 11(4), e0153045. PMC4831836
Journal Article
Association of the Fractal Dimension of Retinal Arteries and Veins with Quantitative Brain MRI Measures in HIV-Infected and Uninfected Women
PLoS One
2016
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27158911
OBJECTIVE: The fractal dimension of retinal arteries and veins is a measure of the complexity of the vascular tree. We hypothesized that retinal fractal dimension would be associated with brain volume and white matter integrity in HIV-infected women. DESIGN: Nested case-control within longitudinal cohort study. METHODS: Women were recruited from the Brooklyn site of the Women's Interagency HIV study (WIHS); 34 HIV-infected and 21 HIV-uninfected women with analyzable MRIs and retinal photographs were included. Fractal dimension was determined using the SIVA software program on skeletonized retinal images. The relationship between predictors (retinal vascular measures) and outcomes (quantitative MRI measures) were analyzed with linear regression models. All models included age, intracranial volume, and both arterial and venous fractal dimension. Some models were adjusted for blood pressure, race/ethnicity, and HIV-infection. RESULTS: The women were 45.6 +/- 7.3 years of age. Higher arter
10.1371/journal.pone.0154858
27158911
PMC4861324
Adult Arteries/diagnostic imaging Brain/*diagnostic imaging Case-Control Studies Female *Fractals HIV Infections/*diagnostic imaging Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Middle Aged Retinal Vessels/*diagnostic imaging Veins/diagnostic imaging
Crystal HA, Holman S, Lui YW, Baird AE, Yu H, Klein R, Rojas-Soto DM, Gustafson DR, Stebbins GT (2016). Association of the Fractal Dimension of Retinal Arteries and Veins with Quantitative Brain MRI Measures in HIV-Infected and Uninfected Women. PLoS One, 11(5), e0154858. PMC4861324
Journal Article
Associations between Tobacco, Alcohol, and Drug Use with Coronary Artery Plaque among HIV-Infected and Uninfected Men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
PLoS One
2016
2016
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26811937
BACKGROUND: We characterized associations between smoking, alcohol, and recreational drug use and coronary plaque by HIV serostatus within the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). METHODS: MACS participants (N = 1005, 621 HIV+ and 384 HIV-) underwent non-contrast CT scanning to measure coronary artery calcium; 764 underwent coronary CT angiograms to evaluate plaque type and extent. Self-reported use of alcohol, tobacco, smoked/inhaled cocaine, methamphetamine, ecstasy, marijuana, inhaled nitrites, and erectile dysfunction drugs was obtained at semi-annual visits beginning 10 years prior to CT scanning. Multivariable logistic and linear regression models were performed, stratified by HIV serostatus. RESULTS: Among HIV+ men, current smoking, former smoking, and cumulative pack years of smoking were positively associated with multiple coronary plaque measures (coronary artery calcium presence and extent, total plaque presence and extent, calcified plaque presence, and stenosis >50%). Smo
10.1371/journal.pone.0147822
26811937
PMC4727883
*Alcohol Drinking Cohort Studies Coronary Angiography Coronary Artery Disease/*diagnosis/etiology HIV Infections/*complications Humans Linear Models Logistic Models Male Middle Aged Odds Ratio *Plaque, Atherosclerotic Prospective Studies Risk Factors *Smoking Substance-Related Disorders/*complications Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Kelly SG, Plankey M, Post WS, Li X, Stall R, Jacobson LP, Witt MD, Kingsley L, Cox C, Budoff M, Palella FJ Jr (2016). Associations between Tobacco, Alcohol, and Drug Use with Coronary Artery Plaque among HIV-Infected and Uninfected Men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. PLoS One, 11(1), e0147822. PMC4727883
Journal Article
Geographic Variations in Retention in Care among HIV-Infected Adults in the United States
PLoS One
2016
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26752637
OBJECTIVE: To understand geographic variations in clinical retention, a central component of the HIV care continuum and key to improving individual- and population-level HIV outcomes. DESIGN: We evaluated retention by US region in a retrospective observational study. METHODS: Adults receiving care from 2000-2010 in 12 clinical cohorts of the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD) contributed data. Individuals were assigned to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-defined regions by residential data (10 cohorts) and clinic location as proxy (2 cohorts). Retention was >/=2 primary HIV outpatient visits within a calendar year, >90 days apart. Trends and regional differences were analyzed using modified Poisson regression with clustering, adjusting for time in care, age, sex, race/ethnicity, and HIV risk, and stratified by baseline CD4+ count. RESULTS: Among 78,993 adults with 444,212 person-years of follow-up, median time in care was 7 years
10.1371/journal.pone.0146119
26752637
PMC4708981
Adult Confidence Intervals Demography *Geography HIV Infections/*epidemiology Humans Middle Aged Odds Ratio *Patient Care Time Factors United States/epidemiology
Rebeiro PF, Gange SJ, Horberg MA, Abraham AG, Napravnik S, Samji H, Yehia BR, Althoff KN, Moore RD, Kitahata MM, Sterling TR, Curriero FC; North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD) (2016). Geographic Variations in Retention in Care among HIV-Infected Adults in the United States. PLoS One, 11(1), e0146119. PMC4708981
Journal Article
Multi-dose Romidepsin Reactivates Replication Competent SIV in Post-antiretroviral Rhesus Macaque Controllers
PLoS Pathog
2016
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27632364
Viruses that persist despite seemingly effective antiretroviral treatment (ART) and can reinitiate infection if treatment is stopped preclude definitive treatment of HIV-1 infected individuals, requiring lifelong ART. Among strategies proposed for targeting these viral reservoirs, the premise of the "shock and kill" strategy is to induce expression of latent proviruses [for example with histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis)] resulting in elimination of the affected cells through viral cytolysis or immune clearance mechanisms. Yet, ex vivo studies reported that HDACis have variable efficacy for reactivating latent proviruses, and hinder immune functions. We developed a nonhuman primate model of post-treatment control of SIV through early and prolonged administration of ART and performed in vivo reactivation experiments in controller RMs, evaluating the ability of the HDACi romidepsin (RMD) to reactivate SIV and the impact of RMD treatment on SIV-specific T cell responses. Ten RMs were
10.1371/journal.ppat.1005879
27632364
PMC5025140
Animals Anti-Retroviral Agents/*pharmacology CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism Depsipeptides/*pharmacology Macaca mulatta RNA, Viral/blood Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/blood/*drug therapy Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/*physiology Time Factors Virus Replication/*drug effects
Policicchio BB, Xu C, Brocca-Cofano E, Raehtz KD, He T, Ma D, Li H, Sivanandham R, Haret-Richter GS, Dunsmore T, Trichel A, Mellors JW, Hahn BH, Shaw GM, Ribeiro RM, Pandrea I, Apetrei C (2016). Multi-dose Romidepsin Reactivates Replication Competent SIV in Post-antiretroviral Rhesus Macaque Controllers. PLoS Pathog, 12(9), e1005879. PMC5025140
Journal Article
Regulated large-scale nucleosome density patterns and precise nucleosome positioning correlate with V(D)J recombination
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
2016
18-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27698124
We show that the physical distribution of nucleosomes at antigen receptor loci is subject to regulated cell type-specific and lineage-specific positioning and correlates with the accessibility of these gene segments to recombination. At the Ig heavy chain locus (IgH), a nucleosome in pro-B cells is generally positioned over each IgH variable (VH) coding segment, directly adjacent to the recombination signal sequence (RSS), placing the RSS in a position accessible to the recombination activating gene (RAG) recombinase. These changes result in establishment of a specific chromatin organization at the RSS that facilitates accessibility of the genomic DNA for the RAG recombinase. In contrast, in mouse embryonic fibroblasts the coding segment is depleted of nucleosomes, which instead cover the RSS, thereby rendering it inaccessible. Pro-T cells exhibit a pattern intermediate between pro-B cells and mouse embryonic fibroblasts. We also find large-scale variations of nucleosome density over h
10.1073/pnas.1605543113
27698124
PMC5081657
Animals Cell Line Chromatin/genetics/metabolism Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Chromosome Mapping DNA-Binding Proteins/deficiency/genetics Epigenomics Gene Knockout Techniques Genetic Loci High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics Lymphocytes/immunology/metabolism Mice Mice, Knockout Nucleosomes/*metabolism Organ Specificity Precursor Cells, B-Lymphoid/metabolism Protein Binding Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics *V(D)J Recombination *chromatin *epigenetics *lymphocytes *nucleosome positioning
Pulivarthy SR, Lion M, Kuzu G, Matthews AG, Borowsky ML, Morris J, Kingston RE, Dennis JH, Tolstorukov MY, Oettinger MA (2016). Regulated large-scale nucleosome density patterns and precise nucleosome positioning correlate with V(D)J recombination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 113(42), E6427-E6436. PMC5081657
Journal Article
Depressive symptom trajectories, aging-related stress, and sexual minority stress among midlife and older gay men: Linking past and present
Res Aging
2016
May-16
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26071237
We concatenate 28 years of historical depressive symptoms data from a longitudinal cohort study of U.S. gay men who are now midlife and older (n = 312), with newly collected survey data to analyze trajectories of depressive symptomatology over time and their impact on associations between current stress and depressive symptoms. Symptoms are high over time, on average, and follow multiple trajectories. Aging-related stress, persistent life-course sexual minority stress, and increasing sexual minority stress are positively associated with depressive symptoms, net of symptom trajectories. Men who had experienced elevated and increasing trajectories of depressive symptoms are less susceptible to the damaging effects of aging-related stress than those who experienced a decrease in symptoms over time. Intervention efforts aimed at assisting gay men as they age should take into account life-course depressive symptom histories to appropriately contextualize the health effects of current social
10.1177/0164027515590423
26071237
PMC4676745
age cohort Cohort Studies cohort study effects epidemiology gay men health history longitudinal Los Angeles Public Health sexual stress study symptoms Time
Wight RG, Harig F, Aneshensel CS, Detels R (2016). Depressive symptom trajectories, aging-related stress, and sexual minority stress among midlife and older gay men: Linking past and present. Res Aging, 38(4), 427-452. PMC4676745
Journal Article
Rilpivirine analogs potently inhibit drug-resistant HIV-1 mutants
Retrovirology
2016
16-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26880034
BACKGROUND: Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) are a class of antiretroviral compounds that bind in an allosteric binding pocket in HIV-1 RT, located about 10 A from the polymerase active site. Binding of an NNRTI causes structural changes that perturb the alignment of the primer terminus and polymerase active site, preventing viral DNA synthesis. Rilpivirine (RPV) is the most recent NNRTI approved by the FDA, but like all other HIV-1 drugs, suboptimal treatment can lead to the development of resistance. To generate better compounds that could be added to the current HIV-1 drug armamentarium, we have developed several RPV analogs to combat viral variants that are resistant to the available NNRTIs. RESULTS: Using a single-round infection assay, we identified several RPV analogs that potently inhibited a broad panel of NNRTI resistant mutants. Additionally, we determined that several resistant mutants selected by either RPV or Doravirine (DOR) caused only a small inc
10.1186/s12977-016-0244-2
26880034
PMC4754833
Anti-HIV Agents/*pharmacology *Drug Resistance, Viral HIV-1/*drug effects Humans Microbial Sensitivity Tests *Mutation Rilpivirine/*analogs & derivatives/*pharmacology
Smith SJ, Pauly GT, Akram A, Melody K, Rai G, Maloney DJ, Ambrose Z, Thomas CJ, Schneider JT, Hughes SH. (2016). Rilpivirine analogs potently inhibit drug-resistant HIV-1 mutants. Retrovirology, 13(), 11. PMC4754833
Journal Article
The HIV-1 late domain-2 S40A polymorphism in antiretroviral (or ART)-exposed individuals influences protease inhibitor susceptibility
Retrovirology
2016
6-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27600154
BACKGROUND: The p6 region of the HIV-1 structural precursor polyprotein, Gag, contains two motifs, P7TAP11 and L35YPLXSL41, designated as late (L) domain-1 and -2, respectively. These motifs bind the ESCRT-I factor Tsg101 and the ESCRT adaptor Alix, respectively, and are critical for efficient budding of virus particles from the plasma membrane. L domain-2 is thought to be functionally redundant to PTAP. To identify possible other functions of L domain-2, we examined this motif in dominant viruses that emerged in a group of 14 women who had detectable levels of HIV-1 in both plasma and genital tract despite a history of current or previous antiretroviral therapy. RESULTS: Remarkably, variants possessing mutations or rare polymorphisms in the highly conserved L domain-2 were identified in seven of these women. A mutation in a conserved residue (S40A) that does not reduce Gag interaction with Alix and therefore did not reduce budding efficiency was further investigated. This mutation cau
10.1186/s12977-016-0298-1
27600154
PMC5011916
Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Female HEK293 Cells HIV Infections/blood/drug therapy/*virology HIV Protease/*genetics/metabolism HIV Protease Inhibitors/therapeutic use HIV-1/enzymology/*genetics Humans Mutation *Polymorphism, Genetic Reproductive Tract Infections/virology Transcription Factors Virus Release Virus Replication gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/*genetics *Anti-retroviral drugs *escrt *HIV Gag *HIV protease *Late domain *Protease inhibitors
Watanabe SM, Simon V, Durham ND, Kemp BR, Machihara S, Kemal KS, Shi B, Foley B, Li H, Chen BK, Weiser B, Burger H, Anastos K, Chen C, Carter CA (2016). The HIV-1 late domain-2 S40A polymorphism in antiretroviral (or ART)-exposed individuals influences protease inhibitor susceptibility. Retrovirology, 13(1), 64. PMC5011916
Journal Article
The Best of Both Worlds: Collaborations Can Improve Epidemiological Analyses of Public Health Data
Sex Transm Dis
2016
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26650995
10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000396
26650995
PMC4674836
*Cooperative Behavior Humans *Public Health
Lesko CR, Todd JV (2016). The Best of Both Worlds: Collaborations Can Improve Epidemiological Analyses of Public Health Data. Sex Transm Dis, 43(1), 41-3. PMC4674836
Journal Article
NIHMS736521
Multitype Infections With Human Papillomavirus: Impact of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Coinfection
Sex Transm Dis
2016
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27631359
BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection predisposes women to genital coinfection with human papillomaviruses (HPVs). Concurrent infection with multiple HPV types has been documented, but its frequency, correlates, and impact on development of precancer are poorly defined in HIV-seropositive women. METHODS: Human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive women and -seronegative comparison women were enrolled in a cohort study and followed every 6 months from 1994 to 2006. Cervicovaginal lavage samples were tested for HPV types using polymerase chain reaction amplification with MY09/MY11 consensus primers followed by hybridization with consensus and HPV type-specific probes. Analyses were performed using generalized estimating equations. RESULTS: Multitype HPV infections were found in 594 (23%) of 2543 HIV-seropositive women and 49 (5%) of 895 HIV-seronegative women (P < 0.0001). Compared with HPV uninfected women, those with multiple concurrent HPV infections were more likely
10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000501
27631359
PMC5026395
Adult CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia/*epidemiology/virology Cohort Studies Coinfection Female Follow-Up Studies Genital Diseases, Female/*immunology/virology HIV/*immunology HIV Infections/*complications/immunology/virology HIV Seropositivity Humans Middle Aged Papillomaviridae/genetics/*isolation & purification Papillomavirus Infections/epidemiology/*etiology/immunology/virology Risk Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/*epidemiology/virology
Massad L, Keller M, Xie X, Minkoff H, Palefsky J, DʼSouza G, Colie C, Villacres M, Strickler H (2016). Multitype Infections With Human Papillomavirus: Impact of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Coinfection. Sex Transm Dis, 43(10), 637-41. PMC5026395
Journal Article
Measuring concurrency using a joint multistate and point process model for retrospective sexual history data
Stat Med
2016
30-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27324278
Understanding the impact of concurrency, defined as overlapping sexual partnerships, on the spread of HIV within various communities has been complicated by difficulties in measuring concurrency. Retrospective sexual history data consisting of first and last dates of sexual intercourse for each previous and ongoing partnership is often obtained through use of cross-sectional surveys. Previous attempts to empirically estimate the magnitude and extent of concurrency among these surveyed populations have inadequately accounted for the dependence between partnerships and used only a snapshot of the available data. We introduce a joint multistate and point process model in which states are defined as the number of ongoing partnerships an individual is engaged in at a given time. Sexual partnerships starting and ending on the same date are referred to as one-offs and modeled as discrete events. The proposed method treats each individual's continuation in and transition through various number
10.1002/sim.7013
27324278
PMC5054981
Cross-Sectional Studies Data Interpretation, Statistical *HIV Infections Humans Male *Medical History Taking Prevalence Retrospective Studies Sexual Behavior *Sexual Partners *hiv *concurrency *multistate *point process *sexual history
Aralis HJ, Gorbach PM, Brookmeyer R (2016). Measuring concurrency using a joint multistate and point process model for retrospective sexual history data. Stat Med, 35(24), 4459-4473. PMC5054981
Journal Article
NIHMS791224
Comparing results from multiple imputation and dynamic marginal structural models for estimating when to start antiretroviral therapy
Stat Med
2016
30-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27264354
Optimal timing of initiating antiretroviral therapy has been a controversial topic in HIV research. Two highly publicized studies applied different analytical approaches, a dynamic marginal structural model and a multiple imputation method, to different observational databases and came up with different conclusions. Discrepancies between the two studies' results could be due to differences between patient populations, fundamental differences between statistical methods, or differences between implementation details. For example, the two studies adjusted for different covariates, compared different thresholds, and had different criteria for qualifying measurements. If both analytical approaches were applied to the same cohort holding technical details constant, would their results be similar? In this study, we applied both statistical approaches using observational data from 12,708 HIV-infected persons throughout the USA. We held technical details constant between the two methods and th
10.1002/sim.7007
27264354
PMC5048599
Antiviral Agents/*administration & dosage Cohort Studies HIV Infections/*drug therapy Humans *Models, Statistical Patient Care Planning Time Factors *hiv/aids *causal inference *dynamic marginal structural models *multiple imputation *survival analysis
Shepherd BE, Liu Q, Mercaldo N, Jenkins CA, Lau B, Cole SR, Saag MS, Sterling TR (2016). Comparing results from multiple imputation and dynamic marginal structural models for estimating when to start antiretroviral therapy. Stat Med, 35(24), 4335-4351. PMC5048599
Journal Article
NIHMS791221
Antiviral innate immunity through the lens of systems biology
Virus Res
2016
15-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26657882
Cellular innate immunity poses the first hurdle against invading viruses in their attempt to establish infection. This antiviral response is manifested with the detection of viral components by the host cell, followed by transduction of antiviral signals, transcription and translation of antiviral effectors and leads to the establishment of an antiviral state. These events occur in a rather branched and interconnected sequence than a linear path. Traditionally, these processes were studied in the context of a single virus and a host component. However, with the advent of rapid and affordable OMICS technologies it has become feasible to address such questions on a global scale. In the discipline of Systems Biology', extensive omics datasets are assimilated using computational tools and mathematical models to acquire deeper understanding of complex biological processes. In this review we have catalogued and discussed the application of Systems Biology approaches in dissecting the antivir
10.1016/j.virusres.2015.11.024
26657882
PMC4892997
Animals Databases, Factual Datasets as Topic Gene Expression Regulation Host-Pathogen Interactions/*immunology Humans *Immunity, Innate Interferon Regulatory Factors/genetics/immunology Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules/immunology Receptors, Pattern Recognition/genetics/*immunology STAT Transcription Factors/genetics/immunology Signal Transduction Systems Biology/*methods Viral Proteins/genetics/immunology Virus Diseases/genetics/*immunology/virology Viruses/growth & development/*immunology/pathogenicity
Tripathi S, Garcia-Sastre A (2016). Antiviral innate immunity through the lens of systems biology. Virus Res, 218(), 7-Oct. PMC4892997
Journal Article
NIHMS743737
Metabolic health across the body mass index spectrum in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected men
2015
Conference Proceedings
Testosterone replacement therapy among HIV-infected men in the CFAR Network of Integrated Clinical Systems
AIDS
2015
2-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25387318
OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study were to determine the rate of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) initiation, TRT predictors and associated monitoring in HIV-infected men. DESIGN: A multisite cohort study. METHODS: We examined TRT initiation rates and monitoring among adult HIV-infected men in routine care at seven sites in the Centers for AIDS Research (CFAR) Network of Integrated Clinical Systems (CNICS) from 1996 to 2011. We determined TRT predictors using Cox regression modelling. RESULTS: Of 14 454 men meeting inclusion criteria, TRT was initiated in 1482 (10%) with an initiation rate of 19.7/1000 person-years [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 18.7-20.7]. In the multivariable model, TRT was significantly associated with age at least 35 years, white race, diagnosis of AIDS wasting, hepatitis C coinfection, protease inhibitor based antiretroviral therapy and nadir CD4 cell count of 200 cells/mul or less. Overall, 1886 out of 14 454 (13%) had testosterone deficiency. Among
10.1097/QAD.0000000000000521
25387318
PMC4379711
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*drug therapy Adult Androgens/blood CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Coinfection HIV Infections/*drug therapy Hepatitis C/*drug therapy Hormone Replacement Therapy/*methods Humans Hypogonadism/*drug therapy Male Middle Aged Testosterone/*blood/deficiency Treatment Outcome United States
Bhatia R, Murphy AB, Raper JL, Chamie G, Kitahata MM, Drozd DR, Mayer K, Napravnik S, Moore R, Achenbach C; Centers for AIDS Research (CFAR) Network of Integrated Clinical Systems (CNICS) (2015). Testosterone replacement therapy among HIV-infected men in the CFAR Network of Integrated Clinical Systems. AIDS, 29(1), 77-81. PMC4379711
Journal Article
NIHMS672328
Virologic and immunologic effects of adding maraviroc to suppressive antiretroviral therapy in individuals with suboptimal CD4+ T-cell recovery
AIDS
2015
23-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26544577
BACKGROUND: Combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) suppresses HIV-1 replication, but does not restore CD4 T-cell counts in all individuals. To investigate the effects of maraviroc on HIV-1 persistence and the relations between virologic and immunologic parameters in individuals with incomplete CD4 T-cell recovery, we performed a prospective, open-label pilot trial in which maraviroc was added to a suppressive ART regimen for 24 weeks. DESIGN: A5256 was a single-arm trial in which individuals on suppressive ART with incomplete CD4 T-cell recovery added maraviroc for 24 weeks. METHODS: We quantified low-level, residual viremia in plasma and total HIV-1 DNA and 2-long terminal repeat (2-LTR) circles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells before and after maraviroc intensification. We also evaluated markers of CD4 and CD8 T-cell immune activation (%CD38HLA-DR) and apoptosis (%caspase3/Bcl-2). RESULTS: No effect of maraviroc was found on the probability of detectable plasma viremia (>/=1 c
10.1097/QAD.0000000000000810
26544577
PMC4638139
Anti-Retroviral Agents/*therapeutic use Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*methods CD4 Lymphocyte Count CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology Cyclohexanes/*therapeutic use Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/immunology/pathology/virology HIV-1/*isolation & purification Humans Male Maraviroc Middle Aged Prospective Studies Treatment Outcome Triazoles/*therapeutic use *Viral Load
Cillo AR, Hilldorfer BB, Lalama CM, McKinnon JE, Coombs RW, Tenorio AR, Fox L, Gandhi RT, Ribaudo H, Currier JS, Gulick RM, Wilkin TJ, Mellors JW (2015). Virologic and immunologic effects of adding maraviroc to suppressive antiretroviral therapy in individuals with suboptimal CD4+ T-cell recovery. AIDS, 29(16), 2121-9. PMC4638139
Journal Article
NIHMS711397
Effects of randomized rosuvastatin compared with placebo on bone and body composition among HIV-infected adults
AIDS
2015
14-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25396266
BACKGROUND: Statins have a beneficial effect on bone mineral density (BMD) and lean mass in some studies of HIV-uninfected adults; however, this has never been investigated in the setting of HIV infection. DESIGN: HIV-infected individuals on stable antiretroviral therapy with a low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level of 130 mg/dl or less and evidence of heightened immune activation or inflammation were randomized to rosuvastatin 10 mg daily or placebo for 96 weeks. METHODS: This was a prespecified interim analysis at 48 weeks. Between-group and within-group differences were compared; multivariable regression models were constructed. RESULTS: Seventy-two individuals were randomized to statin therapy and 75 to placebo. Modest 48-week relative increases in trochanter BMD [0.9%; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) -0.9 to 0.6] and total hip BMD (0.6%; 95% CI 0.0-1.1) in the statin arm were significantly greater than placebo (P < 0.05). The relationship between statin use and total hip BMD c
10.1097/QAD.0000000000000526
25396266
PMC4382350
Absorptiometry, Photon Adult Biomarkers Body Composition/*drug effects Bone Density/*drug effects Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control Female Fluorobenzenes/*therapeutic use HIV Infections/*drug therapy Humans Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/*therapeutic use Lipoproteins, LDL/blood Male Middle Aged Osteoporosis/prevention & control Pyrimidines/*therapeutic use Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/metabolism Regression Analysis Risk Factors Rosuvastatin Calcium Sulfonamides/*therapeutic use
Erlandson KM, Jiang Y, Debanne SM, McComsey GA (2015). Effects of randomized rosuvastatin compared with placebo on bone and body composition among HIV-infected adults. AIDS, 29(2), 175-82. PMC4382350
Journal Article
NIHMS672477
Effects of syndemics on HIV viral load and medication adherence in the multicentre AIDS cohort study
AIDS
2015
1-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25870981
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to determine associations between intertwining epidemics (syndemics) and HIV medication adherence and viral load levels among HIV-positive MSM and to test whether adherence mediates the relationship between syndemics and viral load. DESIGN: We analysed participant data collected between 2003 and 2009 from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, a prospective HIV/AIDS cohort study in four U.S. cities. METHODS: We conducted longitudinal analyses (repeated measures mixed models) to assess whether differences in viral load levels, undetectable viral load and self-reported HIV medication adherence were associated with count of syndemic conditions (substance use, depression symptoms and sexual risk behaviour, range 0-3), adjusting for race/ethnicity, age and income. Mediation analyses were conducted using structural equation modelling and the SAS %mediate macro. RESULTS: Syndemics count was associated with higher viral loads (P < 0.0001) and lower adhere
10.1097/QAD.0000000000000657
25870981
PMC4739626
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications/*drug therapy/*virology Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use Coinfection/*epidemiology Homosexuality, Male Humans Longitudinal Studies Male *Medication Adherence Middle Aged Prospective Studies *Viral Load Young Adult
Friedman MR, Stall R, Silvestre AJ, Wei C, Shoptaw S, Herrick A, Surkan PJ, Teplin L, Plankey MW (2015). Effects of syndemics on HIV viral load and medication adherence in the multicentre AIDS cohort study. AIDS, 29(9), 1087-96. PMC4739626
Journal Article
Lung cancer incidence and survival among HIV-infected and uninfected women and men
AIDS
2015
19-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25888645
OBJECTIVES: To determine the lung cancer incidence and survival time among HIV-infected and uninfected women and men. DESIGN: Two longitudinal studies of HIV infection in the United States. METHODS: Data from 2549 women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) and 4274 men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), all with a history of cigarette smoking, were analyzed. Lung cancer incidence rates and incidence rate ratios were calculated using Poisson regression analyses. Survival time was assessed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional-hazard analyses. RESULTS: Thirty-seven women and 23 men developed lung cancer (46 HIV-infected and 14 HIV-uninfected) during study follow-up. In multivariable analyses, the factors that were found to be independently associated with a higher lung cancer incidence rate ratios were older age, less education, 10 or more pack-years of smoking, and a prior diagnosis of AIDS pneumonia (vs. HIV-uninfected women). In an adjusted Cox model that allowed di
10.1097/QAD.0000000000000690
25888645
PMC4457511
Adult Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/*complications Humans Incidence Longitudinal Studies Lung Neoplasms/*epidemiology/*mortality Male Middle Aged Risk Assessment Smoking/adverse effects Survival Analysis United States/epidemiology
Hessol NA, Martínez-Maza O, Levine AM, Morris A, Margolick JB, Cohen MH, Jacobson LP, Seaberg EC (2015). Lung cancer incidence and survival among HIV-infected and uninfected women and men. AIDS, 29(10), 1183-93. PMC4457511
Journal Article
Incidence and progression of coronary artery calcium in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected men
AIDS
2015
28-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26558542
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this article is to determine whether HIV-infected (HIV+) men have either higher incidence or more rapid progression of coronary artery calcium (CAC) compared with HIV-uninfected (HIV-) controls. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING: Multicenter study in four US academic research centers: University of Pittsburgh, Johns Hopkins University, University of California Los Angeles, and Northwestern University. PARTICIPANTS: Eight hundred and twenty-five men (541 HIV+ and 284 HIV-) enrolled in the cardiovascular substudy of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study who underwent serial cardiac computed tomography (CT) imaging during a mean follow-up of 5 years (range, 2-8 years). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidence and progression of CAC assessed by cardiac CT. RESULTS: During follow-up, 21% of HIV+ men developed incident CAC compared with 16% of HIV- men. This association persisted after adjustment for traditional and HIV-associated risk factors: hazard ratio 1.64 (1.1
10.1097/QAD.0000000000000847
26558542
PMC4646724
Academic Medical Centers Calcium/*analysis Coronary Artery Disease/*epidemiology/*pathology Coronary Vessels/diagnostic imaging/*pathology HIV Infections/complications Humans Incidence Male Middle Aged Prospective Studies Risk Assessment Tomography, X-Ray Computed United States/epidemiology
Kingsley LA, Deal J, Jacobson L, Budoff M, Witt M, Palella F, Calhoun B, Post WS (2015). Incidence and progression of coronary artery calcium in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected men. AIDS, 29(18), 2427-34. PMC4646724
Journal Article
Mixed membership trajectory models of cognitive impairment in the multicenter AIDS cohort study
AIDS
2015
27-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25565498
OBJECTIVE: The longitudinal trajectories that individuals may take from a state of normal cognition to HIV-associated dementia are unknown. We applied a novel statistical methodology to identify trajectories to cognitive impairment, and factors that affected the 'closeness' of an individual to one of the canonical trajectories. DESIGN: The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) is a four-site longitudinal study of the natural and treated history of HIV disease among gay and bisexual men. METHODS: Using data from 3892 men (both HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected) enrolled in the neuropsychology substudy of the MACS, a Mixed Membership Trajectory Model (MMTM) was applied to capture the pathways from normal cognitive function to mild impairment to severe impairment. MMTMs allow the data to identify canonical pathways and to model the effects of risk factors on an individual's 'closeness' to these trajectories. RESULTS: First, we identified three distinct trajectories to cognitive impairment: '
10.1097/QAD.0000000000000561
25565498
PMC4743499
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*complications Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Bisexuality Cognition Disorders/*diagnosis/*epidemiology Cohort Studies Homosexuality Humans Longitudinal Studies Male Middle Aged Models, Statistical
Molsberry SA, Lecci F, Kingsley L, Junker B, Reynolds S, Goodkin K, Levine AJ, Martin E, Miller EN, Munro CA, Ragin A, Sacktor N, Becker JT (2015). Mixed membership trajectory models of cognitive impairment in the multicenter AIDS cohort study. AIDS, 29(6), 713-21. PMC4743499
Journal Article
Association of HIV, hepatitis C virus and liver fibrosis severity with interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels
AIDS
2015
17-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25870985
BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with chronic inflammation; yet studies show greater interleukin (IL)-6, but lower C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. We determined whether liver fibrosis severity and HCV replication affect the ability of IL-6 to stimulate the production of CRP from the liver. METHODS: We used multivariable generalized linear regression to examine the association of HIV, HCV and transient elastography-measured liver stiffness with IL-6 and CRP in participants (164 HIV-monoinfected; 10 HCV-monoinfected; 73 HIV/HCV-coinfected; 59 neither infection) of the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Significant fibrosis was defined as liver stiffness greater than 7.1 kPa. RESULTS: IL-6 was positively correlated with CRP levels in all women, but CRP levels were lower in HCV-infected women (with and without HIV infection) at all levels of IL-6. HCV-infected women with fibrosis had nearly 2.7-fold higher IL-6 levels compared to controls [95% confidence interval (C
10.1097/QAD.0000000000000654
25870985
PMC4478137
Adult Coinfection Elasticity Imaging Techniques Female HIV Infections/*blood/complications Hepacivirus/*genetics Hepatitis C, Chronic/*blood/complications Humans Interleukin-6/*blood Linear Models Liver Cirrhosis/*blood Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis Prospective Studies Receptors, Immunologic/*blood Severity of Illness Index
Shah S, Ma Y, Scherzer R, Huhn G, French AL, Plankey M, Peters MG, Grunfeld C, Tien PC (2015). Association of HIV, hepatitis C virus and liver fibrosis severity with interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels. AIDS, 29(11), 1325-33. PMC4478137
Journal Article
Dysregulated B-cell TLR2 expression and elevated regulatory B-cell frequency precede the diagnosis of AIDS-related non-Hodgkin lymphoma
AIDS
2015
24-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26372276
OBJECTIVES: In antiretroviral therapy (ART)-treated patients, to determine if AIDS-related non-Hodgkin lymphoma (AIDS-NHL) is preceded by: elevated frequency of potentially malignant abnormal activated/germinal center-like B cells, elevated serum prevalence of B-cell stimulatory Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands resulting from HIV infection-associated microbial translocation, dysregulated B-cell TLR expression/signaling, and perturbations in the frequency of immunoregulatory cells. DESIGN: A case-control study nested with a cohort study of HIV-infected women. METHODS: Prediagnostic AIDS-NHL cases (n = 12, collected 1-12 months before diagnosis) and controls (n = 42) from the Women's Interagency HIV Study cohort, were matched for HIV and ART status, age, race, and CD4 lymphocyte count. Serum levels of TLR ligands, the prevalence of malignancy-associated abnormal activated/germinal center-like (CD19CD10CD71CD86AID) B cells, TLR2 expression on B cells, expression of TLR2-modulating micro-R
10.1097/QAD.0000000000000687
26372276
PMC4825805
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*complications/*pathology Adult B-Lymphocyte Subsets/chemistry/*immunology Bacterial Translocation/immunology Case-Control Studies Cohort Studies Female Gene Expression Profiling Humans Immunophenotyping Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/*diagnosis MicroRNAs/analysis/genetics Toll-Like Receptor 2/*analysis
Siewe B, Pham JT, Cohen M, Hessol NA, Levine A, Martinez-Maza O, Landay A (2015). Dysregulated B-cell TLR2 expression and elevated regulatory B-cell frequency precede the diagnosis of AIDS-related non-Hodgkin lymphoma. AIDS, 29(13), 1659-64. PMC4825805
Journal Article
The effect of HAART-induced HIV suppression on circulating markers of inflammation and immune activation
AIDS
2015
20-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25630041
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the impact of HAART-induced HIV suppression on levels of 24 serological biomarkers of inflammation and immune activation. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study. METHODS: Biomarkers were measured with multiplex assays in centralized laboratories using stored serum samples contributed by 1697 men during 8903 person-visits in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) from 1984 to 2009. Using generalized gamma models, we compared biomarker values across three groups, adjusting for possible confounders: HIV-uninfected (NEG); HIV-positive, HAART-naive (NAI); and HAART-exposed with HIV RNA suppressed to less than 50 copies/ml plasma (SUP). We also estimated changes in biomarker levels associated with duration of HIV suppression, using splined generalized gamma regression with a knot at 1 year. RESULTS: Most biomarkers were relatively normalized in the SUP group relative to the NAI group; however, 12 biomarkers in the SUP group were distinct (P < 0.002) from NEG values:
10.1097/QAD.0000000000000545
25630041
PMC4311407
Adult *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Biomarkers/blood C-Reactive Protein/drug effects CD4 Lymphocyte Count Chemokines, CC/drug effects Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/immunology HIV-1/*drug effects/immunology Humans Inflammation/*drug therapy/immunology Interleukin-6 Lymphocyte Activation/*drug effects/immunology Male Prospective Studies Treatment Outcome Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/drug effects
Wada NI, Jacobson LP, Margolick JB, Breen EC, Macatangay B, Penugonda S, Martínez-Maza O, Bream JH (2015). The effect of HAART-induced HIV suppression on circulating markers of inflammation and immune activation. AIDS, 29(4), 463-71. PMC4311407
Journal Article
Resilience Moderates the Association Between Childhood Sexual Abuse and Depressive Symptoms Among Women with and At-Risk for HIV
AIDS Behav
2015
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25085079
Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) places women at risk for HIV infection and once infected, for poor mental health outcomes, including lower quality of life and depressive symptoms. Among HIV-positive and demographically matched HIV-negative women, we investigated whether resilience and HIV status moderated the relationships between CSA and health indices as well as the relationships among CSA, depressive symptoms, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Participants included 202 women (138 HIV+, 64 HIV-, 87 % African American) from the Women's Interagency HIV Study Chicago CORE Center site. Results indicated that in both HIV-positive and HIV-negative women, higher resilience significantly related to lower depressive symptoms and higher HRQOL. CSA related to higher depressive symptoms only for women scoring low in resilience. Interventions to promote resilience, especially in women with a CSA history, might minimize depressive symptoms and poor HRQOL among HIV-positive and HIV-negative
10.1007/s10461-014-0855-3
25085079
PMC4314513
Adult Chicago/epidemiology Child Child Abuse, Sexual/*psychology Depression/*diagnosis/epidemiology/psychology Female HIV Infections/epidemiology/prevention & control/*psychology Humans Middle Aged Prospective Studies *Quality of Life *Resilience, Psychological Risk Factors Sexual Behavior/psychology Socioeconomic Factors Surveys and Questionnaires
Dale SK, Weber KM, Cohen MH, Kelso GA, Cruise RC, Brody LR (2015). Resilience Moderates the Association Between Childhood Sexual Abuse and Depressive Symptoms Among Women with and At-Risk for HIV. AIDS Behav, 19(8), 1379-87. PMC4314513
Journal Article
Sexual Behaviors of US Women at Risk of HIV Acquisition: A Longitudinal Analysis of Findings from HPTN 064
AIDS Behav
2015
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25626889
We describe the sexual behaviors of women at elevated risk of HIV acquisition who reside in areas of high HIV prevalence and poverty in the US. Participants in HPTN 064, a prospective HIV incidence study, provided information about individual sexual behaviors and male sexual partners in the past 6 months at baseline, 6- and 12-months. Independent predictors of consistent or increased temporal patterns for three high-risk sexual behaviors were assessed separately: exchange sex, unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) and concurrent partnerships. The baseline prevalence of each behavior was >30 % among the 2,099 participants, 88 % reported partner(s) with >1 HIV risk characteristic and both individual and partner risk characteristics decreased over time. Less than high school education and food insecurity predicted consistent/increased engagement in exchange sex and UAI, and partner's concurrency predicted participant concurrency. Our results demonstrate how interpersonal and social factors m
10.1007/s10461-014-0992-8
25626889
PMC4506244
Adolescent Adult Condoms/statistics & numerical data Female Follow-Up Studies Food Supply HIV Infections/epidemiology/prevention & control/*transmission Humans Multivariate Analysis Prevalence Prospective Studies Risk Factors *Risk-Taking *Sexual Behavior *Sexual Partners Socioeconomic Factors United States/epidemiology Young Adult
Justman J, Befus M, Hughes J, Wang J, Golin CE, Adimora AA, Kuo I, Haley DF, Del Rio C, El-Sadr WM, Rompalo A, Mannheimer S, Soto-Torres L, Hodder S (2015). Sexual Behaviors of US Women at Risk of HIV Acquisition: A Longitudinal Analysis of Findings from HPTN 064. AIDS Behav, 19(7), 1327-37. PMC4506244
Journal Article
Longitudinal Trends in Sexual Behaviors with Advancing Age and Menopause Among Women With and Without HIV-1 Infection
AIDS Behav
2015
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25245474
We assessed changes in self-reported sexual activity (SA) over 13 years among HIV-infected and uninfected women. The impact of aging and menopause on SA and unprotected anal or vaginal intercourse (UAVI) was examined among women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), stratifying by HIV status and detectable viral load among HIV-infected women. Generalized mixed linear models were fitted for each outcome, adjusted for relevant covariates. HIV-uninfected women evidenced higher levels of SA and UAVI than HIV-infected. The odds of SA declined by 62-64 % per decade of age. The odds of SA in a 6-month interval for women aged 40-57 declined by 18-22 % post-menopause (controlling for age). Among HIV+/detectable women only, the odds of any UAVI decreased by 17 % per decade of age; the odds of UAVI were unchanged pre-menopause, and then decreased by 28 % post-menopause. Elucidating the factors accounting for ongoing unprotected sex among older women should inform interventions.
10.1007/s10461-014-0901-1
25245474
PMC4370800
Adolescent Adult Aged Aging/*physiology Female HIV Infections/epidemiology/*prevention & control/transmission Health Surveys Humans Logistic Models Longitudinal Studies Menopause/*physiology Middle Aged Prospective Studies *Risk-Taking *Sexual Behavior Sexual Partners Surveys and Questionnaires United States/epidemiology Unsafe Sex/*statistics & numerical data Young Adult
Taylor TN, Weedon J, Golub ET, Karpiak SE, Gandhi M, Cohen MH, Levine AM, Minkoff HL, Adedimeji AA, Goparaju L, Holman S, Wilson TE (2015). Longitudinal Trends in Sexual Behaviors with Advancing Age and Menopause Among Women With and Without HIV-1 Infection. AIDS Behav, 19(5), 931-40. PMC4370800
Journal Article
Level of adherence and HIV RNA suppression in the current era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)
AIDS Behav
2015
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25342151
The need to achieve >/=95 % adherence to HAART for treatment effectiveness may be a barrier for universal initiation at early stages of HIV. Using longitudinal data collected from 2006 to 2011 from cohort studies of MSM (MACS) and IDUs (ALIVE study), we estimated the minimum adherence needed to achieve HIV RNA suppression (<50 copies/mL), defined as the level at which at least 80 % were virally suppressed, and the odds of suppression was not significantly different than that observed with >/=95 % adherence. In the MACS, >/=80 % suppression was observed with 80-84 % adherence and the odds ratio for suppression (vs. >/=95 % adherence) was 1.43 (0.61, 3.33). In the ALIVE study where <35 % were on newer drugs, only 71.4 % were suppressed among those who reported >/=95 % adherence. Although IDUs on older HAART regimens may need to be >/=95 % adherent, concerns related to non-adherence may be less of a barrier to initiation of modern HAART regimens.
10.1007/s10461-014-0927-4
25342151
PMC4393774
Adult *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Bisexuality/statistics & numerical data Cohort Studies Comorbidity Drug Users/statistics & numerical data Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/epidemiology Homosexuality, Male/statistics & numerical data Humans Linear Models Logistic Models Longitudinal Studies Male Medication Adherence/*statistics & numerical data Middle Aged Odds Ratio Prospective Studies RNA, Viral/*blood Substance Abuse, Intravenous/epidemiology Treatment Outcome Viral Load
Viswanathan S, Detels R, Mehta SH, Macatangay BJ, Kirk GD, Jacobson LP. (2015). Level of adherence and HIV RNA suppression in the current era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). AIDS Behav, 19(4), 601-11. PMC4393774
Journal Article
Short communication: high cellular iron levels are associated with increased HIV infection and replication
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2015
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25291189
HIV is a pandemic disease, and many cellular and systemic factors are known to alter its infectivity and replication. Earlier studies had suggested that anemia is common in HIV-infected patients; however, higher iron was also observed in AIDS patients prior to the introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Therefore, the relationship between iron and viral infection is not well delineated. To address this issue, we altered the levels of cellular iron in primary CD4(+) T cells and showed that higher iron is associated with increased HIV infection and replication. In addition, HIV infection alone leads to increased cellular iron, and several ART drugs increase cellular iron independent of HIV infection. Finally, HIV infection is associated with increased serum iron in HIV-positive patients regardless of treatment with ART. These results establish a relationship between iron and HIV infection and suggest that iron homeostasis may be a viable therapeutic target for HIV.
10.1089/aid.2014.0169
25291189
PMC4348083
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*chemistry/*virology Cells, Cultured Cytosol/*chemistry HIV/*growth & development Humans Iron/*analysis *Virus Replication
Chang HC, Bayeva M, Taiwo B, Palella FJ Jr, Hope TJ, Ardehali H (2015). Short communication: high cellular iron levels are associated with increased HIV infection and replication. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 31(3), 305-12. PMC4348083
Journal Article
Physical function impairment of older, HIV-infected adults is associated with cytomegalovirus immunoglobulin response
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2015
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26061347
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is associated with poor outcomes, including physical function impairment, in older HIV-uninfected adults. Whether CMV is associated with physical functional impairment in HIV-infected adults is unknown. The primary objective of this study was to determine the relationship between CMV-specific humoral and cell-mediated immune responses with functional impairment in well-controlled HIV infection. In a case-control study, low-function cases were matched by age, gender, and time from HIV diagnosis to high-function controls. Quantitative CMV IgG and %CMV-specific CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells (interferon-gamma expression following CMV pp65 stimulation) were used to estimate physical function. Among 30 low-function cases and 48 high-function matched controls, CMV IgG ranged from <10 to 8,830 EU/ml, including four controls with results <10 EU/ml. Each log10 increase in CMV IgG was associated with 5-fold greater odds of low function (p=0.01); these findings were robust to adj
10.1089/AID.2015.0085
26061347
PMC4553372
Antibodies, Viral/*immunology CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology Case-Control Studies Cytomegalovirus/immunology Cytomegalovirus Infections/*complications/immunology/*physiopathology Female HIV Infections/*complications/immunology/*physiopathology Humans Immunoglobulin G/immunology Male Middle Aged *Motor Activity *Physical Fitness
Erlandson KM, Allshouse AA, Rapaport E, Palmer BE, Wilson CC, Weinberg A, MaWhinney S, Campbell TB (2015). Physical function impairment of older, HIV-infected adults is associated with cytomegalovirus immunoglobulin response. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 31(9), 905-12. PMC4553372
Journal Article
Plasma Sclerostin in HIV-Infected Adults on Effective Antiretroviral Therapy
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2015
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25919636
Sclerostin is linked to bone physiology and cardiovascular disease through the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. The goal of this study was to determine if sclerostin is related to bone physiology and cardiovascular disease during antiretroviral treatment in HIV-infected persons. This was a cross-sectional analysis from study entry into the Stopping Atherosclerosis and Treating Unhealthy bone with RosuvastatiN in HIV (SATURN) trial, an ongoing randomized trial comparing rosuvastatin to placebo in HIV-infected adults on antiretroviral therapy. Plasma sclerostin was measured at study entry by ELISA from participants with available samples. Spearman correlation and multivariable linear regression were used to test relationships between sclerostin and bone density or bone turnover and cardiovascular disease. Among 139 HIV-infected participants (median age 46 years, CD4 lymphocyte count 614 cells/mul), the median plasma sclerostin level was 444.1 (IQR 330.3, 570.1) pg/ml. Correlations wer
10.1089/AID.2015.0052
25919636
PMC4505764
Adult Anti-Retroviral Agents/adverse effects/*therapeutic use Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/adverse effects/*methods Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/*blood Cross-Sectional Studies Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Female Genetic Markers HIV Infections/*drug therapy Humans Male Middle Aged Placebos/administration & dosage Plasma/*chemistry
Erlandson KM, O'Riordan M, Hileman CO, Rapaport E, Labbato D, Campbell TB, McComsey GA (2015). Plasma Sclerostin in HIV-Infected Adults on Effective Antiretroviral Therapy. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 31(7), 731-8. PMC4505764
Journal Article
Clinically Indicated Corticosteroids Do Not Affect Bone Turnover During Immune Restoration of Severely Lymphopenic HIV-Infected Patients
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2015
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25919454
UNLABELLED: Lymphopenia, corticosteroids, antiretroviral therapy (ART), and inflammation negatively impact bone turnover and decrease bone mineral density, but their combined effect has not been evaluated. We examined the association between corticosteroids on bone turnover markers in severely lymphopenic HIV-infected patients initiating ART. Levels of osteocalcin (bone formation marker) and C-terminal telopeptide (CTX; bone resorption marker) were measured at baseline, weeks 4, 12, and 48 of ART in individuals with severe lymphopenia and opportunistic infection (OI) who received (n=28) or did not receive corticosteroids (n=30) during the first year of ART, and in a control group with CD4 >200 (n=15). Wilcoxon tests were used to compare median values of variables between groups. Correlations between plasma interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) levels with bone turnover marker levels were performed using Spearman's coefficient. Individuals given corticosteroids received a m
10.1089/AID.2015.0028
25919454
PMC4505768
Adrenal Cortex Hormones/*adverse effects/*therapeutic use Adult Anti-Inflammatory Agents/*adverse effects/*therapeutic use Bone Remodeling/*drug effects Bone and Bones/*physiology Collagen Type I/blood Female HIV Infections/complications/*drug therapy Humans Male Osteocalcin/blood Peptides/blood Prospective Studies Treatment Outcome
Grant PM, Sheikh V, DerSimonian R, Rupert A, Roby G, Pau A, Sneller MC, Rico SV, Brown TT, Sereti I (2015). Clinically Indicated Corticosteroids Do Not Affect Bone Turnover During Immune Restoration of Severely Lymphopenic HIV-Infected Patients. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 31(7), 739-44. PMC4505768
Journal Article
Physical Activity and Its Association with Insulin Resistance in Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Men
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2015
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26334673
The association between physical activity (PA), degree of insulin resistance (IR), and HIV infection is unclear. We hypothesized that PA might differentially affect the degree of IR through the direct and indirect influences of HIV, antiretroviral medications, and sociodemographic characteristics. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was administered to Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) participants from 4/2010 to 3/2011 to generate metabolic equivalents (METs) total score and PA category. We determined the concurrent homeostatic model assessment IR (mmol/liter) (HOMA-IR) value from fasting glucose and insulin. We examined the HIV-PA relationship using quantile regression and the HIV-PA-HOMA-IR value relationship using linear regression. Among the 1,281 men, the proportions of men in the low (25% in HIV(+) vs. 23% in HIV(-)), moderate (26% vs. 27%), and high (49% vs. 49%) PA categories were similar by HIV status. The HOMA-IR value was higher among the HIV(+) men
10.1089/aid.2015.0027
26334673
PMC4663644
Cohort Studies HIV Infections/*complications Humans *Insulin Resistance Male Middle Aged *Motor Activity
Monroe AK, Brown TT, Cox C, Reynolds SM, Wiley DJ, Palella FJ, Kingsley LA, Plankey MW (2015). Physical Activity and Its Association with Insulin Resistance in Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Men. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 31(12), 1250-6. PMC4663644
Journal Article
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and statin treatment by HIV status among Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study men
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2015
Jun-15
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25664922
Treating cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, including dyslipidemia, is important in HIV care. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) target achievement is a readily available benchmark for dyslipidemia control, although use of this target is not uniformly endorsed by professional societies. We examined whether HIV serostatus is associated with not achieving LDL-c target. Among Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) participants completing visit 56 (10/1/2011-3/31/2012), we categorized each man as on or off statin therapy and used NCEP ATP III guidelines to determine if each man was at LDL-c target or not at target. We compared proportions of men not at target and determined predictors using multivariate logistic regression. Sixty of 543 (11.1%) HIV-infected men and 87 of 585 (14.9%) HIV-uninfected men not receiving statin therapy were not at target (p=0.07), while 31 of 230 (13.5%) HIV-infected and 29 of 204 (14.2%) HIV-uninfected men receiving statin therapy were not at tar
10.1089/AID.2014.0126
25664922
PMC4458749
AIDS Baltimore Chicago Cholesterol cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Comorbidity control diagnosis Disease epidemiology guidelines health Hiv Hypertension Illinois infectious diseases MACS Maryland microbiology multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study multivariate logistic regression Pennsylvania Pittsburgh predictor predictors Public Health Risk Risk Factors serostatus Smoking study therapies therapy treatment
Monroe AK, Fu W, Zikusoka MN, Jacobson LP, Witt MD, Palella FJ, Kingsley LA, Post WS, Brown TT (2015). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and statin treatment by HIV status among Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study men. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 31(6), 593-602. PMC4458749
Journal Article
Short communication: feasibility and acceptability of developing a multisite clinical cohort of transgender people with HIV infection
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2015
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26126154
Transgender women bear a disproportionate burden of HIV, yet data among this population are not routinely collected in HIV clinical cohorts. Brief surveys and follow-up qualitative interviews were conducted with principal investigators or designated representatives of 17 HIV clinical cohorts to determine the acceptability and feasibility of pooling transgender-specific data from existing HIV clinical cohort studies. Twelve of 17 sites reported that they already collect gender identity data but not consistently. Others were receptive to collecting this information. Many also expressed interest in a study of clinical outcomes among HIV-infected transgender women using pooled data across cohorts. The collection of longitudinal data on transgender people living with HIV is acceptable and feasible for most North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD) cohorts. HIV clinical cohort studies should make efforts to include transgender individuals and develop the too
10.1089/aid.2015.0055
26126154
PMC4808270
Cohort Studies Female Gender Identity HIV Infections/*psychology/therapy Humans Longitudinal Studies *Patient Selection *Transgender Persons/psychology
Poteat TC, Hanna DB, Althoff KN (2015). Short communication: feasibility and acceptability of developing a multisite clinical cohort of transgender people with HIV infection. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 31(9), 870-2. PMC4808270
Journal Article
Determination of HIV-1 coreceptor tropism using proviral DNA in women before and after viral suppression
AIDS Res Ther
2015
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25897314
BACKGROUND: An HIV-1 tropism test is recommended prior to CCR5 antagonist administration to exclude patients harboring non-R5 virus from treatment with this class of antiretrovirals. HIV-1 tropism determination based on proviral DNA (pvDNA) may be useful in individuals with plasma viral RNA suppression. We developed a genotypic tropism assay for pvDNA and assessed its performance in a retrospective analysis of samples collected longitudinally. RESULTS: We randomly selected paired plasma/PBMC samples from the Women's Interagency HIV Study with plasma viral load >/=5,000 cp/mL at time 1 (T1), undetectable viral load maintained for >/=1 year and CD4+ >200 cells/muL at time 2 (T2). pvDNA was isolated from cryopreserved PBMCs. Sequences were analyzed in triplicate from 49/50 women, with tropism assigned using the geno2pheno (g2p) algorithm. The median time between T1 and T2 was 4.1 years. CXCR4-using virus was detected in 24% of the RNA samples and 33% of the pvDNA samples at T1, compared t
10.1186/s12981-015-0055-x
25897314
PMC4403710
Hiv Tropism pvDNA
Baumann RE, Rogers AA, Hamdan HB, Burger H, Weiser B, Gao W, Anastos K, Young M, Meyer WA 3rd, Pesano RL, Kagan RM (2015). Determination of HIV-1 coreceptor tropism using proviral DNA in women before and after viral suppression. AIDS Res Ther, 12(), 11. PMC4403710
Journal Article
Ascertainment and verification of end-stage renal disease and end-stage liver disease in the north american AIDS cohort collaboration on research and design
AIDS Res Treat
2015
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25789171
The burden of HIV disease has shifted from traditional AIDS-defining illnesses to serious non-AIDS-defining comorbid conditions. Research aimed at improving HIV-related comorbid disease outcomes requires well-defined, verified clinical endpoints. We developed methods to ascertain and verify end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and end-stage liver disease (ESLD) and validated screening algorithms within the largest HIV cohort collaboration in North America (NA-ACCORD). Individuals who screened positive among all participants in twelve cohorts enrolled between January 1996 and December 2009 underwent medical record review to verify incident ESRD or ESLD using standardized protocols. We randomly sampled 6% of contributing cohorts to determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of ESLD and ESRD screening algorithms in a validation subcohort. Among 43,433 patients screened for ESRD, 822 screened positive of which 620 met clinical cri
10.1155/2015/923194
25789171
PMC4350581
Kitahata MM, Drozd DR, Crane HM, Van Rompaey SE, Althoff KN, Gange SJ, Klein MB, Lucas GM, Abraham AG, Lo Re V 3rd, McReynolds J, Lober WB, Mendes A, Modur SP, Jing Y, Morton EJ, Griffith MA, Freeman AM, Moore RD (2015). Ascertainment and verification of end-stage renal disease and end-stage liver disease in the north american AIDS cohort collaboration on research and design. AIDS Res Treat, 2015(), 923194. PMC4350581
Journal Article
Risk factors for acquisition and clearance of oral human papillomavirus infection among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected adults
Am J Epidemiol
2015
1-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25480823
Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes the majority of oropharyngeal cancers in the United States, yet the risk factors for and natural history of oral HPV infection are largely unknown. In 2010-2011, a US-based longitudinal cohort study of 761 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and 469 at-risk HIV-uninfected participants from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and the Women's Interagency HIV Study was initiated. Semiannually collected oral rinses were evaluated for 37 HPV genotypes using the Roche LINEAR ARRAY HPV Genotyping Test (Roche Molecular Systems, Pleasanton, California), and factors associated with oral HPV incidence and clearance were explored using adjusted Wei-Lin-Weissfeld modeling. Through 2013, the 2-year cumulative incidence of any type of oral HPV infection was 34% in HIV-infected persons and 19% in HIV-uninfected persons. However, many of these infections cleared. Seven percent of incident infections and 35% of prevalent infections persisted for at least 2 years.
10.1093/aje/kwu247
25480823
PMC4288119
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/*epidemiology Adult Female HIV Infections/*complications Homosexuality, Male Humans Incidence Longitudinal Studies Male Middle Aged Mouth/virology Mouth Diseases/epidemiology/*etiology Oropharyngeal Neoplasms/*etiology Papillomaviridae/*isolation & purification Papillomavirus Infections/epidemiology/*etiology Prevalence Risk Factors Sexual Behavior Hiv head and neck cancer human papillomavirus natural history oral HPV
Beachler DC, Sugar EA, Margolick JB, Weber KM, Strickler HD, Wiley DJ, Cranston RD, Burk RD, Minkoff H, Reddy S, Xiao W, Guo Y, Gillison ML, D'Souza G (2015). Risk factors for acquisition and clearance of oral human papillomavirus infection among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected adults. Am J Epidemiol, 181(1), 40-53. PMC4288119
Journal Article
Laboratory Measures as Proxies for Primary Care Encounters: Implications for Quantifying Clinical Retention Among HIV-Infected Adults in North America
Am J Epidemiol
2015
1-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26578717
Because of limitations in the availability of data on primary care encounters, patient retention in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care is often estimated using laboratory measurement dates as proxies for clinical encounters, leading to possible outcome misclassification. This study included 83,041 HIV-infected adults from 14 clinical cohorts in the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD) who had >/=1 HIV primary care encounters during 2000-2010, contributing 468,816 person-years of follow-up. Encounter-based retention (REB) was defined as >/=2 encounters in a calendar year, >/=90 days apart. Laboratory-based retention (RLB) was defined similarly, using the dates of CD4-positive cell counts or HIV-1 RNA measurements. Percentage of agreement and the kappa statistic were used to characterize agreement between RLB and REB. Logistic regression with generalized estimating equations and stabilized inverse-probability-of-selection weights was used to el
10.1093/aje/kwv181
26578717
PMC4655744
Adult *CD4 Lymphocyte Count/statistics & numerical data Female HIV Infections/blood/*therapy Hiv-1 Health Services Accessibility/*statistics & numerical data Humans Male Middle Aged Patient Compliance/*statistics & numerical data Primary Health Care/*statistics & numerical data RNA, Viral/blood Hiv clinical encounters clinical retention laboratory measurements measurement error misclassification proxies
Rebeiro PF, Althoff KN, Lau B, Gill J, Abraham AG, Horberg MA, Kitahata MM, Yehia BR, Samji H, Brooks JT, Buchacz K, Napravnik S, Silverberg MJ, Rachlis A, Gebo KA, Sterling TR, Moore RD, Gange SJ; North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (2015). Laboratory Measures as Proxies for Primary Care Encounters: Implications for Quantifying Clinical Retention Among HIV-Infected Adults in North America. Am J Epidemiol, 182(11), 952-60. PMC4655744
Journal Article
APOL1 Genotype and Glomerular and Tubular Kidney Injury in Women With HIV
Am J Kidney Dis
2015
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25921719
BACKGROUND: APOL1 genotype is associated with advanced kidney disease in African Americans, but the pathogenic mechanisms are unclear. Here, associations of APOL1 genotype with urine biomarkers of glomerular and tubular injury and kidney function decline were evaluated. STUDY DESIGN: Observational study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: 431 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected African American women enrolled in Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). PREDICTOR: APOL1 genotype. OUTCOMES: Albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR), 4 tubular injury biomarkers (interleukin 18 [IL-18], kidney injury molecule 1 [KIM-1], neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin [NGAL], and alpha1-microglobulin [A1M]), and kidney function estimated using the CKD-EPI cystatin C equation. MEASUREMENTS: Participants were genotyped for APOL1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs73885319 (G1 allele) and rs71785313 (G2 allele). Urine biomarkers were measured using stored samples from 1999-2000. Cystatin C was measured using serum c
10.1053/j.ajkd.2015.02.329
25921719
PMC4615696
Acute-Phase Proteins/metabolism Adult African Americans/*genetics Albuminuria/metabolism Alpha-Globulins/metabolism Apolipoprotein L1 Apolipoproteins/*genetics Case-Control Studies Creatinine/metabolism Female Genetic Predisposition to Disease Genotype HIV Infections/*complications Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1 Humans Interleukin-18/metabolism Kidney Glomerulus/*metabolism Kidney Tubules/*metabolism Lipocalin-2 Lipocalins/metabolism Lipoproteins, HDL/*genetics Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism Middle Aged Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide Prospective Studies Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism Receptors, Virus/metabolism Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications/*genetics/metabolism Serum Albumin APOL1 genotype African American G1 allele G2 allele Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) glomerular injury kidney disease proteinuria renal function risk allele risk variant single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) tubular injury biomarker
Jotwani V, Shlipak MG, Scherzer R, Parekh RS, Kao WH, Bennett M, Cohen MH, Nowicki M, Sharma A, Young M, Tien PC, Parikh CR, Estrella MM (2015). APOL1 Genotype and Glomerular and Tubular Kidney Injury in Women With HIV. Am J Kidney Dis, 65(6), 889-98. PMC4615696
Journal Article
NIHMS729060
Incidence of cervical precancers among HIV-seropositive women
Am J Obstet Gynecol
2015
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25499260
OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to estimate the impact of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on the incidence of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). STUDY DESIGN: HIV-seropositive and comparison seronegative women enrolled in a prospective US cohort study were followed up with semiannual Papanicolaou testing, with colposcopy for any abnormality. Histology results were retrieved to identify CIN3+ (CIN3, adenocarcinoma in situ, and cancer) and CIN2+ (CIN2 and CIN3+). Annual detection rates were calculated and risks compared using a Cox analysis. Median follow-up (interquartile range) was 11.0 (5.4-17.2) years for HIV-seronegative and 9.9 (2.5-16.0) for HIV-seropositive women. RESULTS: CIN3+ was diagnosed in 139 HIV-seropositive (5%) and 19 HIV-seronegative women (2%) (P<.0001), with CIN2+ in 316 (12%) and 34 (4%) (P<.0001). The annual CIN3+ detection rate was 0.6 per 100 person-years in HIV-seropositive women and 0.2 per 100 person-years in seronegati
10.1016/j.ajog.2014.12.003
25499260
PMC4416973
Adenocarcinoma in Situ/*epidemiology Adult Case-Control Studies Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia/*epidemiology Cohort Studies Early Detection of Cancer Female HIV Infections/*epidemiology Humans Incidence Papanicolaou Test Precancerous Conditions/*epidemiology Prospective Studies Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/*epidemiology Vaginal Smears cervical cancer prevention cervical intraepithelial neoplasia human immunodeficiency virus in women
Massad LS, Xie X, D'Souza G, Darragh TM, Minkoff H, Wright R, Colie C, Sanchez-Keeland L, Strickler HD (2015). Incidence of cervical precancers among HIV-seropositive women. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 212(5), 606 e1-8. PMC4416973
Journal Article
Impact of CD4+ lymphocytes and HIV infection on Anti-Mullerian Hormone levels in a large cohort of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women
Am J Reprod Immunol
2015
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25339186
PROBLEM: Effects of HIV infection on ovarian function and aging are unclear. METHOD OF STUDY: Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) levels were analyzed in 2621 HIV-infected and 941 uninfected participants using left-censored longitudinal models. RESULTS: Age-adjusted AMH levels were 16% lower in women with undetectable viraemia and 26% lower in detectable viraemia, relative to uninfected women. Current CD4 count associated with higher AMH in both HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women. After controlling for current and nadir CD4, AMH was ~15% higher in HIV-infected relative to uninfected women, regardless of HIV viraemia. Gravidity, amenorrhea, and nadir total lymphocyte counts associated with higher AMH; hormonal contraceptive use and past weight loss associated with lower AMH. CONCLUSIONS: CD4 + lymphocyte counts were associated with AMH in both HIV-infected and uninfected women. After adjustment for CD4 counts and age, HIV infection was associated with higher AMH. CD4 T cells and cellular ac
10.1111/aji.12332
25339186
PMC4323676
Adult Aging/blood Amenorrhea/blood/immunology Anti-Mullerian Hormone/*blood CD4 Lymphocyte Count Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal Ethnic Groups Female Follow-Up Studies HIV Infections/*blood/immunology Humans Middle Aged Ovary/physiopathology RNA, Viral/blood Reproductive History Socioeconomic Factors Viremia/*blood/immunology Anti-Mullerian hormone CD4 lymphocytes Hiv menopause ovarian follicle
Scherzer R, Bacchetti P, Messerlian G, Goderre J, Maki PM, Seifer DB, Anastos K, Karim R, Greenblatt RM (2015). Impact of CD4+ lymphocytes and HIV infection on Anti-Mullerian Hormone levels in a large cohort of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women. Am J Reprod Immunol, 73(3), 273-84. PMC4323676
Journal Article
Multicenter Comparison of Lung and Oral Microbiomes of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected Individuals
Am J Respir Crit Care Med
2015
1-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26247840
RATIONALE: Improved understanding of the lung microbiome in HIV-infected individuals could lead to better strategies for diagnosis, therapy, and prophylaxis of HIV-associated pneumonias. Differences in the oral and lung microbiomes in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected individuals are not well defined. Whether highly active antiretroviral therapy influences these microbiomes is unclear. OBJECTIVES: We determined whether oral and lung microbiomes differed in clinically healthy groups of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected subjects. METHODS: Participating sites in the Lung HIV Microbiome Project contributed bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing data from oral washes and bronchoalveolar lavages (BALs) obtained from HIV-uninfected individuals (n = 86), HIV-infected individuals who were treatment naive (n = 18), and HIV-infected individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy (n = 38). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Microbial populations differed in the oral washes among the subject groups (Streptococcus, Ac
10.1164/rccm.201501-0128OC
26247840
PMC4731698
Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/*microbiology Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/drug therapy/*microbiology Humans Lung/*microbiology Male *Microbiota Middle Aged Mouth/*microbiology Prospective Studies HIV infection bronchoalveolar lavage bronchoscopy lung microbiome
Beck JM, Schloss PD, Venkataraman A, Twigg H 3rd, Jablonski KA, Bushman FD, Campbell TB, Charlson ES, Collman RG, Crothers K, Curtis JL, Drews KL, Flores SC, Fontenot AP, Foulkes MA, Frank I, Ghedin E, Huang L, Lynch SV, Morris A, Palmer BE, Schmidt TM, Sodergren E, Weinstock GM, Young VB; Lung HIV Microbiome Project (2015). Multicenter Comparison of Lung and Oral Microbiomes of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected Individuals. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 192(11), 1335-44. PMC4731698
Journal Article
Topographic diversity of the respiratory tract mycobiome and alteration in HIV and lung disease
Am J Respir Crit Care Med
2015
15-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25603113
RATIONALE: Microbiome studies typically focus on bacteria, but fungal species are common in many body sites and can have profound effects on the host. Wide gaps exist in the understanding of the fungal microbiome (mycobiome) and its relationship to lung disease. OBJECTIVES: To characterize the mycobiome at different respiratory tract levels in persons with and without HIV infection and in HIV-infected individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS: Oral washes (OW), induced sputa (IS), and bronchoalveolar lavages (BAL) were collected from 56 participants. We performed 18S and internal transcribed spacer sequencing and used the neutral model to identify fungal species that are likely residents of the lung. We used ubiquity-ubiquity plots, random forest, logistic regression, and metastats to compare fungal communities by HIV status and presence of COPD. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Mycobiomes of OW, IS, and BAL shared common organisms, but each also had distinct
10.1164/rccm.201409-1583OC
25603113
PMC4435454
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/microbiology Female HIV Infections/*complications/*microbiology Humans Lung/microbiology Male *Metagenome Middle Aged Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/*complications/*microbiology Respiratory System/*microbiology Sputum/microbiology Copd Hiv bronchoalveolar lavage fungi microbiome
Cui L, Lucht L, Tipton L, Rogers MB, Fitch A, Kessinger C, Camp D, Kingsley L, Leo N, Greenblatt RM, Fong S, Stone S, Dermand JC, Kleerup EC, Huang L, Morris A, Ghedin E (2015). Topographic diversity of the respiratory tract mycobiome and alteration in HIV and lung disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 191(8), 932-42. PMC4435454
Journal Article
Brain alterations within the first 100 days of HIV infection
Ann Clin Transl Neurol
2015
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25642430
OBJECTIVE: Brain involvement is a serious complication of HIV infection. The earliest changes in the brain, which represents an anatomic site for viral persistence, are largely unknown. METHODS: This investigation used quantitative Magnetic Resonance methodologies, including high resolution and diffusion tensor (DTI) imaging, to evaluate the brain in 15 HIV and 20 seronegative subjects. All HIV subjects were antibody nonreactive with assay-estimated infection duration of less than 100 days. RESULTS: Brain volumetric analysis revealed reduced parenchyma with enlargement of the third ventricle and brainstem. DTI quantified loss of white matter integrity in the corpus callosum and diffusion alterations in caudate. Cognitive differences were indicated in psychomotor speed and visual recall. There were no differences between antiretroviral-initiated and naive HIV subgroups. INTERPRETATION: These findings, quantified within 100 days of infection, shed light on the earliest brain changes in H
10.1002/acn3.136
25642430
PMC4301670
Ragin AB, Wu Y, Gao Y, Keating S, Du H, Sammet C, Kettering CS, Epstein LG (2015). Brain alterations within the first 100 days of HIV infection. Ann Clin Transl Neurol, 2(1), 21-Dec. PMC4301670
Journal Article
Incident Hepatitis B Virus Infection in HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Men Who Have Sex With Men From Pre-HAART to HAART Periods: A Cohort Study
Ann Intern Med
2015
3-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26457744
BACKGROUND: Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at high risk for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Data on the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on incident HBV infection in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected MSM are limited. OBJECTIVE: To determine predictors of incident HBV infection in MSM during pre-HAART and HAART periods. DESIGN: Observational cohort study. SETTING: Cohort of MSM who have, or are at risk for, HIV infection. PATIENTS: 2375 HBV-uninfected MSM in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. MEASUREMENTS: Poisson regression was used to compare incidence rates of HBV infection in the pre-HAART and HAART eras and to identify factors associated with incidence of HBV infection. RESULTS: In 25,322 person-years of follow-up, 244 incident HBV infections occurred. The unadjusted incidence rate was higher in HIV-infected MSM than in HIV-uninfected MSM (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 1.9 [95% CI, 1.5 to 2.4]) and was significantly lower in the HAART era than in the pre-H
10.7326/M15-0547
26457744
PMC4630157
Adult *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Cohort Studies Comorbidity HIV/genetics HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*epidemiology/virology Hepatitis B/*epidemiology Hepatitis B virus Homosexuality, Male/*statistics & numerical data Humans Incidence Male RNA, Viral/blood Risk Factors Sexual Partners Viral Load
Falade-Nwulia O, Seaberg EC, Snider AE, Rinaldo CR, Phair J, Witt MD, Thio CL (2015). Incident Hepatitis B Virus Infection in HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Men Who Have Sex With Men From Pre-HAART to HAART Periods: A Cohort Study. Ann Intern Med, 163(9), 673-80. PMC4630157
Journal Article
Cumulative Incidence of Cancer Among Persons With HIV in North America: A Cohort Study
Ann Intern Med
2015
6-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26436616
BACKGROUND: Cancer is increasingly common among persons with HIV. OBJECTIVE: To examine calendar trends in cumulative cancer incidence and hazard rate by HIV status. DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design during 1996 to 2009. PARTICIPANTS: 86 620 persons with HIV and 196 987 uninfected adults. MEASUREMENTS: Cancer type-specific cumulative incidence by age 75 years and calendar trends in cumulative incidence and hazard rates, each by HIV status. RESULTS: Cumulative incidences of cancer by age 75 years for persons with and without HIV, respectively, were as follows: Kaposi sarcoma, 4.4% and 0.01%; non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 4.5% and 0.7%; lung cancer, 3.4% and 2.8%; anal cancer, 1.5% and 0.05%; colorectal cancer, 1.0% and 1.5%; liver cancer, 1.1% and 0.4%; Hodgkin lymphoma, 0.9% and 0.09%; melanoma, 0.5% and 0.6%; and oral cavity/pharyngeal cancer, 0.8% and 0.8%. Among persons with HIV, calendar trends in cumulative incidence and hazard
10.7326/M14-2768
26436616
PMC4711936
Adult Age Distribution Aged Anus Neoplasms/epidemiology Cohort Studies Colorectal Neoplasms/epidemiology Comorbidity Female HIV Infections/*epidemiology Humans Incidence Liver Neoplasms/epidemiology Lung Neoplasms/epidemiology Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/epidemiology Male Middle Aged Neoplasms/*epidemiology North America/epidemiology Proportional Hazards Models Sarcoma, Kaposi/epidemiology
ilverberg MJ, Lau B, Achenbach CJ, Jing Y, Althoff KN, D'Souza G, Engels EA, Hessol NA, Brooks JT, Burchell AN, Gill MJ, Goedert JJ, Hogg R, Horberg MA, Kirk GD, Kitahata MM, Korthuis PT, Mathews WC, Mayor A, Modur SP, Napravnik S, Novak RM, Patel P, Rachlis AR, Sterling TR, Willig JH, Justice AC, Moore RD, Dubrow R; North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design of the International Epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS (2015). Cumulative Incidence of Cancer Among Persons With HIV in North America: A Cohort Study. Ann Intern Med, 163(7), 507-18. PMC4711936
Journal Article
Vitamin D and Calcium Attenuate Bone Loss With Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation: A Randomized Trial
Ann Intern Med
2015
16-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26075752
BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral therapy initiation for HIV-1 infection is associated with 2% to 6% loss of bone mineral density (BMD). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of vitamin D3 plus calcium supplementation on bone loss associated with antiretroviral therapy initiation. DESIGN: 48-week prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01403051). SETTING: 39 AIDS Clinical Trials Group units. PATIENTS: Adults with antiretroviral therapy-naive HIV. MEASUREMENTS: BMD by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, and other laboratory assessments. RESULTS: 165 eligible patients were randomly assigned (79 received vitamin D3 plus calcium and 86 received placebo). The study groups were well-balanced at baseline: 90% were men, 33% were non-Hispanic black, and the median CD4 count was 0.341 x 109 cells/L. At 48 weeks, the percentage of decline in total hip BMD was smaller in the vitamin D3 plus calcium group than in the placebo group: Med
10.7326/M14-1409
26075752
PMC4608553
Absorptiometry, Photon Adult Anti-Retroviral Agents/*adverse effects Biomarkers/blood Bone Density/drug effects Bone Density Conservation Agents/*therapeutic use Bone Resorption Calcifediol/adverse effects/blood/*therapeutic use Calcium Carbonate/adverse effects/blood/*therapeutic use *Dietary Supplements Double-Blind Method Female HIV Infections/drug therapy Hiv-1 Humans Male Middle Aged Osteoporosis/chemically induced/*prevention & control Parathyroid Hormone/blood Prospective Studies
Overton ET, Chan ES, Brown TT, Tebas P, McComsey GA, Melbourne KM, Napoli A, Hardin WR, Ribaudo HJ, Yin MT (2015). Vitamin D and Calcium Attenuate Bone Loss With Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation: A Randomized Trial. Ann Intern Med, 162(12), 815-24. PMC4608553
Journal Article
NIHMS724382
Pet Ownership and the Reliability of the Companion Animal Bonding Scale Among Participants of the Multicenter Aids Cohort Study
Anthrozoös
2015
1996
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.2752/089279396787001653
A psychometric evaluation of the Companion Animal Bonding Scale (CABS) was conducted among participants of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study(MACS). In 1991, MACS participants in Baltimore, Chicago, and Los Angeles were asked to complete a questionnaire about pets, which included the CABS for their favorite pet. Follow-up questionnaires were administered to Los Angeles participants in 1992 and 1993. Internal consistency and intraobserver reliability of the CABS were determined by measuring the Cronbach alpha and test-retest-retest correlation coefficient, respectively. Forty-eight percent of respondents (907/1,872) at the three sites owned pets, of whom 896 (99%) completed a CABS, The Cronbach alpha for the CABS was .79. Among Los Angeles participants, the test-retest-retest correlation coefficient for the 228 pet owners who completed the CABS for the same pet in each of the three years was .81, and was highest among the 98 dog owners (.86) and the 92 cat owners (.86). The Companion Ani
10.2752/089279396787001653
human-immunodeficiency-virus
Angulo F, Siegel J, Detels R (2015). Pet Ownership and the Reliability of the Companion Animal Bonding Scale Among Participants of the Multicenter Aids Cohort Study. Anthrozoös, 9(1), 9-May.
Journal Article
Low Frequency of Drug-Resistant Variants Selected by Long-Acting Rilpivirine in Macaques Infected with Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Containing HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase
Antimicrob Agents Chemother
2015
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26438501
Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) using antiretroviral drugs is effective in reducing the risk of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, but adherence to the PrEP regimen is needed. To improve adherence, a long-acting injectable formulation of the nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor rilpivirine (RPV LA) has been developed. However, there are concerns that PrEP may select for drug-resistant mutations during preexisting or breakthrough infections, which could promote the spread of drug resistance and limit options for antiretroviral therapy. To address this concern, we administered RPV LA to macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus containing HIV-1 RT (RT-SHIV). Peak plasma RPV levels were equivalent to those reported in human trials and waned over time after dosing. RPV LA resulted in a 2-log decrease in plasma viremia, and the therapeutic effect was maintained for 15 weeks, until plasma drug concentrations dropped below 25 ng/ml. RT mutations E13
10.1128/AAC.01937-15
26438501
PMC4649225
Animals Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage/*pharmacology/therapeutic use Delayed-Action Preparations *Drug Resistance, Viral HIV Reverse Transcriptase/*genetics HIV-1/*genetics Humans Lymphocyte Count Macaca nemestrina Microbial Sensitivity Tests Mutation/genetics RNA, Viral/genetics Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/administration & dosage/*pharmacology/therapeutic use Rilpivirine/administration & dosage/*pharmacology/therapeutic use Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/virology Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/*drug effects
Melody K, McBeth S, Kline C, Kashuba AD, Mellors JW, Ambrose Z (2015). Low Frequency of Drug-Resistant Variants Selected by Long-Acting Rilpivirine in Macaques Infected with Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Containing HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 59(12), 7762-70. PMC4649225
Journal Article
Adiponectin and interleukin-6, but not adipose tissue, are associated with worse neurocognitive function in HIV-infected men
Antivir Ther
2015
2015
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25810377
BACKGROUND: Generalized obesity has been associated with cognitive decline, a process potentially mediated by adipocytokines. The effects of regional adipose tissue (AT) on cognition, however, are not well understood. We explored cross-sectional relationships between regional AT, adipocytokines, inflammatory markers and neuropsychological (NP) test scores among HIV+ and HIV- men enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. METHODS: Visceral, subcutaneous abdominal and subcutaneous thigh AT areas were quantified by computed tomography (CT). NP tests (Trail Making Test parts A and B, and Symbol-Digit Modalities) obtained within 2 years of CT screened for psychomotor speed and executive function. Adiponectin, leptin, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were measured. RESULTS: Of 509 HIV+ and 271 HIV- participants, HIV+ men (98% on antiretroviral therapy, 81% HIV-1 RNA<50 copies/ml) had lower median subcutaneous AT and adiponectin levels and higher hs-CR
10.3851/IMP2952 [doi]
25810377
PMC4425574
Adipose Tissue age AIDS analysis antiretroviral therapy Body Mass Index C-Reactive Protein Cognition cognitive cohort Cohort Studies cohort study cross-sectional Education effects Hiv Hiv-1 Inflammation interleukin 6 Interleukin-6 Los Angeles marker markers methods multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Neuropsychological Role serostatus study symbol digit therapies therapy
Lake JE, Vo QT, Jacobson LP, Sacktor N, Miller EN, Post WS, Becker JT, Palella FJ Jr, Ragin A, Martin E, Munro CA, Brown TT (2015). Adiponectin and interleukin-6, but not adipose tissue, are associated with worse neurocognitive function in HIV-infected men. Antivir Ther, 20(2), 235-244. PMC4425574
Journal Article
Depression and sexual dysfunction among HIV-positive and HIV-negative men who have sex with men: mediation by use of antidepressants and recreational stimulants
Arch Sex Behav
2015
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24671728
Erectile dysfunction and other forms of sexual dysfunction are highly prevalent among HIV+ men who have sex with men (MSM). Research has not previously identified the mechanisms by which depression may be associated with sexual dysfunction among HIV-positive and HIV-seronegative (HIV-negative) MSM. The present study examined the role of antidepressant use, stimulant use, and smoking as mediators of the relation between depression and sexual dysfunction among HIV-positive and HIV-negative MSM. Participants enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, an ongoing prospective study of the natural and treated histories of HIV infection among MSM in the United States, completed a modified version of the International Index of Erectile Function for MSM. The study sample included 1,363 participants, with 619 HIV-positive men and 744 HIV-negative men. A structural equation model examined depression as a predictor of subsequent sexual dysfunction, mediated by antidepressant use, stimulant use,
10.1007/s10508-014-0279-1
24671728
PMC4177518
Adult Antidepressive Agents/*therapeutic use Cohort Studies Depression/*drug therapy Erectile Dysfunction/*drug therapy Female *HIV Seronegativity *HIV Seropositivity Homosexuality, Male/*psychology Humans *Illicit Drugs Male Middle Aged Negotiating Prevalence Prospective Studies Smoking United States
Hart TA, Mustanski B, Ryan DT, Gorbach PM, Stall RD, Surkan PJ, Plankey M (2015). Depression and sexual dysfunction among HIV-positive and HIV-negative men who have sex with men: mediation by use of antidepressants and recreational stimulants. Arch Sex Behav, 44(2), 399-409. PMC4177518
Journal Article
HIV and coronary arterial remodeling from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS)
Atherosclerosis
2015
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26132282
OBJECTIVE: Positive remodeling (PR), a coronary artery characteristic associated with risk for myocardial infarction (MI), may be more prevalent in HIV-infected (HIV+) people. We evaluated the prevalence of PR using coronary CT angiography (CCTA) in HIV+ and HIV-uninfected (HIV-) men. METHODS: Men enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study underwent CCTA if they were 40-70 years, had normal kidney function and no history of coronary revascularization. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) of PR by HIV serostatus, adjusting for demographics and coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors. Analysis of PR among atherosclerotic segments further adjusted for plaque type and stenosis. RESULTS: The prevalence of PR was 8.4% versus 12.1% (p = 0.10) for HIV- and HIV + men, respectively. After demographic adjustment, HIV + men had twice the odds of PR [OR 2.01(95% CI 1.20-3.38)], which persisted after CAD risk factor adjustment [1.76(1.00-3.10)]. Hi
10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.06.022
26132282
PMC4509808
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications Adult Aged CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology Cholesterol/blood Cohort Studies Coronary Angiography Coronary Stenosis/complications Coronary Vessels/*pathology HIV Infections/*complications Humans Male Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis Myocardial Infarction/*complications Odds Ratio Plaque, Atherosclerotic/pathology Risk Factors Systole Aids Coronary disease Epidemiology Imaging
Miller PE, Haberlen SA, Metkus T, Rezaeian P, Palella F, Kingsley LA, Witt MD, George RT, Jacobson LP, Brown TT, Budoff M, Post WS (2015). HIV and coronary arterial remodeling from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Atherosclerosis, 241(2), 716-22. PMC4509808
Journal Article
A cross-sectional study of low HIV testing frequency and high-risk behaviour among men who have sex with men and transgender women in Lima, Peru
BMC Public Health
2015
21-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25896917
BACKGROUND: Increased HIV testing frequency among high-risk populations such as men who have sex with men (MSM) and male-to-female transgender women (TW) can lead to earlier treatment and potentially reduce HIV transmission. METHODS: We analyzed baseline survey data from 718 high-risk, young (median age 29 [interquartile range 23-35]) MSM/TW enrolled in a community-based HIV prevention trial between 2008-2009. Participants were recruited from 24 neighborhoods in and around Lima, Peru. We assessed HIV testing frequency, testing behaviour, and motivations and barriers to testing. Multivariate analysis identified correlates to prior HIV testing. RESULTS: Overall, 79.6% reported HIV testing within their lifetimes, however, only 6.2% reported an average of two tests per year, as per Peruvian Ministry of Health guidelines. The most commonly reported motivators for testing were to check one's health (23.3%), lack of condom use (19.7%), and availability of free testing (14.0%), while low self-
10.1186/s12889-015-1730-5
25896917
PMC4407786
AIDS Serodiagnosis/*statistics & numerical data Adult Cross-Sectional Studies Female HIV Infections/*diagnosis/psychology Health Services Accessibility/statistics & numerical data Homosexuality, Male/psychology/*statistics & numerical data Humans Male Mass Screening/statistics & numerical data Multivariate Analysis Peru/epidemiology Prevalence Sexually Transmitted Diseases/*diagnosis/epidemiology/psychology Surveys and Questionnaires Transgender Persons/psychology/*statistics & numerical data Unsafe Sex/*statistics & numerical data Young Adult
Lee SW, Deiss RG, Segura ER, Clark JL, Lake JE, Konda KA, Coates TJ, Caceres CF (2015). A cross-sectional study of low HIV testing frequency and high-risk behaviour among men who have sex with men and transgender women in Lima, Peru. BMC Public Health, 15(), 408. PMC4407786
Journal Article
Trajectory analyses of virologic outcomes reflecting community-based HIV treatment in Washington DC 1994-2012
BMC Public Health
2015
22-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26695971
BACKGROUND: Effective treatment of HIV since 1996 has reduced morbidity and mortality through virologic suppression. Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has been recognized as key to the prevention of drug resistance and the transmission of infection. We used eighteen years of virologic outcomes in a long-standing cohort of women to describe longitudinal viral load trajectories; and examine factors associated with sustained viremia and mortality. METHODS: We analyzed data from DC WIHS women with > four semiannual visits using a group-based logistic trajectory analysis approach to identify patterns of HIV RNA detection (>80 copies/mL or lower assay limit, and >1000 copies/mL). We verified findings using cumulative viral load suppression-years, explored group characteristics using generalized linear modeling with generalized estimating equations for repeated measures, and examined survival using the Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard analyses. RESULTS: 329 women contributed 6
10.1186/s12889-015-2653-x
26695971
PMC4688953
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/methods CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects District of Columbia/epidemiology Drug Resistance, Viral Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*epidemiology/virology Humans Middle Aged RNA, Viral/*blood Viral Load Viremia/*drug therapy/*epidemiology Young Adult
Ocampo JM, Plankey M, Zou K, Collmann J, Wang C, Young MA, Liu C, Ripple JA, Kassaye S (2015). Trajectory analyses of virologic outcomes reflecting community-based HIV treatment in Washington DC 1994-2012. BMC Public Health, 15(), 1277. PMC4688953
Journal Article
Lipid levels in HIV-positive men receiving anti-retroviral therapy are not associated with copy number variation of reverse cholesterol transport pathway genes
BMC. Res Notes
2015
2015
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26590594
BACKGROUND: The exacerbation of HIV-1 associated dyslipidemia seen in a subset of patients receiving anti-retroviral therapy suggests that genetic factors put these individuals at greater risk of cardiovascular disease. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within genes of and influencing the reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) pathway are associated with lipid levels but little is known regarding their copy number variation (CNV). This form of quantitative genetic variation has the potential to alter the amount of gene product made, thereby also influencing lipid metabolism. RESULTS: To examine if CNV in RCT pathway genes was associated with altered serum lipid profiles in HIV-positive individuals receiving therapy, we designed a custom multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification assay to screen 16 RCT genes within a subset of individuals from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study who show extreme lipid phenotypes. Verification of CNV was performed using a custom NanoString assay, a
10.1186/s13104-015-1665-z
26590594
PMC4654814
AIDS antiretroviral therapy assay Baltimore Chicago Cholesterol cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Disease Gene Expression Genetic Variation HAART health Hiv-1 infectious diseases Los Angeles metabolism microbiology mRNA multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Phenotype Pittsburgh Public Health Risk sera Serum study therapies therapy
Marino RB, Kingsley LA, Hussain SK, Bream JH, Penogonda S, Duggal P, Martinson JJ (2015). Lipid levels in HIV-positive men receiving anti-retroviral therapy are not associated with copy number variation of reverse cholesterol transport pathway genes. BMC. Res Notes, 8(1), 697-709. PMC4654814
Journal Article
PQBP1 Is a Proximal Sensor of the cGAS-Dependent Innate Response to HIV-1
Cell
2015
4-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26046437
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a critical role in the immune response to viral infection through the facilitation of cell-intrinsic antiviral activity and the activation of adaptive immunity. HIV-1 infection of DCs triggers an IRF3-dependent innate immune response, which requires the activity of cyclic GAMP synthase (cGAS). We report the results of a targeted RNAi screen utilizing primary human monocyte-derived DCs (MDDCs) to identify immune regulators that directly interface with HIV-1-encoded features to initiate this innate response. Polyglutamine binding protein 1 (PQBP1) emerged as a strong candidate through this analysis. We found that PQBP1 directly binds to reverse-transcribed HIV-1 DNA and interacts with cGAS to initiate an IRF3-dependent innate response. MDDCs derived from Renpenning syndrome patients, who harbor mutations in the PQBP1 locus, possess a severely attenuated innate immune response to HIV-1 challenge, underscoring the role of PQBP1 as a proximal innate sensor of a HI
10.1016/j.cell.2015.04.050
26046437
PMC4503237
Base Sequence Carrier Proteins/*metabolism Cell Line Cerebral Palsy/immunology DNA, Viral/genetics HIV-1/*immunology/physiology Humans *Immunity, Innate Mental Retardation, X-Linked/immunology Molecular Sequence Data Nuclear Proteins/*metabolism Nucleotidyltransferases/*metabolism
Yoh SM, Schneider M, Seifried J, Soonthornvacharin S, Akleh RE, Olivieri KC, De Jesus PD, Ruan C, de Castro E, Ruiz PA, Germanaud D, des Portes V, García-Sastre A, König R, Chanda SK (2015). PQBP1 Is a Proximal Sensor of the cGAS-Dependent Innate Response to HIV-1. Cell, 161(6), 1293-1305. PMC4503237
Journal Article
NIHMS695781
BIRC2/cIAP1 Is a Negative Regulator of HIV-1 Transcription and Can Be Targeted by Smac Mimetics to Promote Reversal of Viral Latency
Cell Host Microbe
2015
9-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26355217
Combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) is able to suppress HIV-1 replication to undetectable levels. However, the persistence of latent viral reservoirs allows for a rebound of viral load upon cessation of therapy. Thus, therapeutic strategies to eradicate the viral latent reservoir are critically needed. Employing a targeted RNAi screen, we identified the ubiquitin ligase BIRC2 (cIAP1), a repressor of the noncanonical NF-kappaB pathway, as a potent negative regulator of LTR-dependent HIV-1 transcription. Depletion of BIRC2 through treatment with small molecule antagonists known as Smac mimetics enhanced HIV-1 transcription, leading to a reversal of latency in a JLat latency model system. Critically, treatment of resting CD4+ T cells isolated from ART-suppressed patients with the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) panobinostat together with Smac mimetics resulted in synergistic activation of the latent reservoir. These data implicate Smac mimetics as useful agents for shock-and-ki
10.1016/j.chom.2015.08.009
26355217
PMC4617541
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects/virology Cells, Cultured *Gene Expression Regulation, Viral HIV-1/*physiology *Host-Pathogen Interactions Humans Hydroxamic Acids/metabolism Indoles/metabolism Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism Oligopeptides/metabolism Panobinostat Transcription, Genetic/*drug effects Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism Virus Activation/*drug effects Virus Latency/*drug effects
Pache L, Dutra MS, Spivak AM, Marlett JM, Murry JP, Hwang Y, Maestre AM, Manganaro L, Vamos M, Teriete P, Martins LJ, König R, Simon V, Bosque A, Fernandez-Sesma A, Cosford ND, Bushman FD, Young JA, Planelles V, Chanda SK (2015). BIRC2/cIAP1 Is a Negative Regulator of HIV-1 Transcription and Can Be Targeted by Smac Mimetics to Promote Reversal of Viral Latency. Cell Host Microbe, 18(3), 345-53. PMC4617541
Journal Article
NIHMS719406
A Discovery Strategy for Selective Inhibitors of c-Src in Complex with the Focal Adhesion Kinase SH3/SH2-binding Region
Chem Biol Drug Des
2015
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25376742
The c-Src tyrosine kinase co-operates with the focal adhesion kinase to regulate cell adhesion and motility. Focal adhesion kinase engages the regulatory SH3 and SH2 domains of c-Src, resulting in localized kinase activation that contributes to tumor cell metastasis. Using assay conditions where c-Src kinase activity required binding to a tyrosine phosphopeptide based on the focal adhesion kinase SH3-SH2 docking sequence, we screened a kinase-biased library for selective inhibitors of the Src/focal adhesion kinase peptide complex versus c-Src alone. This approach identified an aminopyrimidinyl carbamate compound, WH-4-124-2, with nanomolar inhibitory potency and fivefold selectivity for c-Src when bound to the phospho-focal adhesion kinase peptide. Molecular docking studies indicate that WH-4-124-2 may preferentially inhibit the 'DFG-out' conformation of the kinase active site. These findings suggest that interaction of c-Src with focal adhesion kinase induces a unique kinase domain co
10.1111/cbdd.12473
25376742
PMC4444405
Amino Acid Sequence CSK Tyrosine-Protein Kinase Crystallography, X-Ray Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/methods Focal Adhesion Kinase 1/*antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/metabolism Humans Models, Molecular Molecular Sequence Data Protein Binding Protein Kinase Inhibitors/chemistry/*pharmacology Protein Structure, Tertiary src Homology Domains src-Family Kinases/*antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/metabolism SH2 domain SH3 domain Src kinase cancer drug discovery focal adhesion kinase kinase inhibitors
Moroco JA, Baumgartner MP, Rust HL, Choi HG, Hur W, Gray NS, Camacho CJ, Smithgall TE (2015). A Discovery Strategy for Selective Inhibitors of c-Src in Complex with the Focal Adhesion Kinase SH3/SH2-binding Region. Chem Biol Drug Des, 86(2), 144-55. PMC4444405
Journal Article
NIHMS689300
Objectively Measured Sedentary Time and Cardiometabolic Biomarkers in US Hispanic/Latino Adults: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)
Circulation
2015
20-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26416808
BACKGROUND: Sedentary behavior is recognized as a distinct construct from lack of moderate-vigorous physical activity and is associated with deleterious health outcomes. Previous studies have primarily relied on self-reported data, whereas data on the relationship between objectively measured sedentary time and cardiometabolic biomarkers are sparse, especially among US Hispanics/Latinos. METHODS AND RESULTS: We examined associations of objectively measured sedentary time (via Actical accelerometers for 7 days) and multiple cardiometabolic biomarkers among 12 083 participants, aged 18 to 74 years, from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). Hispanics/Latinos of diverse backgrounds (Central American, Cuban, Dominican, Mexican, Puerto Rican, and South American) were recruited from 4 US cities between 2008 and 2011. Sedentary time (<100 counts/min) was standardized to 16 hours/d of wear time. The mean sedentary time was 11.9 hours/d (74% of accelerometer wear time
10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.016938
26416808
PMC4618246
Adolescent Adult Aged Biomarkers Cholesterol, HDL/*blood Hispanic Americans Humans Insulin/blood *Insulin Resistance Middle Aged *Sedentary Behavior Time Factors cardiovascular diseases epidemiology risk factors sedentary lifestyle
Qi Q, Strizich G, Merchant G, Sotres-Alvarez D, Buelna C, Castañeda SF, Gallo LC, Cai J, Gellman MD, Isasi CR, Moncrieft AE, Sanchez-Johnsen L, Schneiderman N, Kaplan RC (2015). Objectively Measured Sedentary Time and Cardiometabolic Biomarkers in US Hispanic/Latino Adults: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). Circulation, 132(16), 1560-9. PMC4618246
Journal Article
NIHMS713470
End-stage renal disease among HIV-infected adults in North America
Clin Infect Dis
2015
15-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25409471
BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults, particularly those of black race, are at high-risk for end-stage renal disease (ESRD), but contributing factors are evolving. We hypothesized that improvements in HIV treatment have led to declines in risk of ESRD, particularly among HIV-infected blacks. METHODS: Using data from the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration for Research and Design from January 2000 to December 2009, we validated 286 incident ESRD cases using abstracted medical evidence of dialysis (lasting >6 months) or renal transplant. A total of 38 354 HIV-infected adults aged 18-80 years contributed 159 825 person-years (PYs). Age- and sex-standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were estimated by race. Poisson regression was used to identify predictors of ESRD. RESULTS: HIV-infected ESRD cases were more likely to be of black race, have diabetes mellitus or hypertension, inject drugs, and/or have a prior AIDS-defining illness. The overall SIR was 3.2 (95% c
10.1093/cid/ciu919
25409471
PMC4357817
Adolescent Adult African Americans Aged Aged, 80 and over Cohort Studies Comorbidity Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology Female HIV Infections/*complications/epidemiology/ethnology Hepatitis C/epidemiology Humans Hypertension/epidemiology Incidence Kidney Failure, Chronic/*complications/*epidemiology/ethnology/therapy Kidney Transplantation Male Middle Aged North America/epidemiology Prevalence Risk Factors Viral Load Young Adult HIV infection/AIDS Hiv/aids chronic kidney disease (CKD) end-stage renal disease (ESRD) glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
Abraham AG, Althoff KN, Jing Y, Estrella MM, Kitahata MM, Wester CW, Bosch RJ, Crane H, Eron J, Gill MJ, Horberg MA, Justice AC, Klein M, Mayor AM, Moore RD, Palella FJ, Parikh CR, Silverberg MJ, Golub ET, Jacobson LP, Napravnik S, Lucas GM; North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD) of the International Epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) (2015). End-stage renal disease among HIV-infected adults in North America. Clin Infect Dis, 60(6), 941-9. PMC4357817
Journal Article
Age at Entry Into Care, Timing of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation, and 10-Year Mortality Among HIV-Seropositive Adults in the United States
Clin Infect Dis
2015
1-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26082505
BACKGROUND: The goal of targeted antiretroviral therapy initiation is to minimize disease progression among patients with human immunodeficiency virus while minimizing the therapeutic burden on these patients. We examine whether the effect of delaying therapy initiation from 500 cells/mm(3) to 350 or 200 cells/mm(3) is modified by age at entry into care. METHODS: We used the parametric g-formula to compare 10-year mortality under 3 CD4 cell count thresholds for therapy initiation among 3532 patients who entered care at 1 of 8 sites in the United States between 1998 and 2013. Results are reported separately for patients 18 to 34, 35 to 44, and 45 to 65 years of age at study entry. RESULTS: In the observed data, 10-year mortality was 13% (165 deaths). Mortality increased from 11% under therapy initiation at 500 cells/mm(3) to 12% at 350 cells/mm(3) (risk difference [RD]: 0.87; 95% confidence interval [CI]: .56, 2.17) and to 14% at 200 cells/mm(3) (RD: 2.71; 95% CI: 1.79, 5.38). The effec
10.1093/cid/civ463
26082505
PMC4560906
Adolescent Adult Age Factors Aged Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*statistics & numerical data Cohort Studies Female *HIV Seropositivity/drug therapy/epidemiology/mortality Humans Male Middle Aged Young Adult Hiv aging antiretroviral therapy epidemiologic methods
Edwards JK, Cole SR, Westreich D, Mugavero MJ, Eron JJ, Moore RD, Mathews WC, Hunt P, Williams C; Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems investigators (2015). Age at Entry Into Care, Timing of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation, and 10-Year Mortality Among HIV-Seropositive Adults in the United States. Clin Infect Dis, 61(7), 1189-95. PMC4560906
Journal Article
Rosuvastatin Worsens Insulin Resistance in HIV-Infected Adults on Antiretroviral Therapy
Clin Infect Dis
2015
15-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26157049
BACKGROUND: Statins are associated with increased diabetes risk in large, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-uninfected cohorts; the impact of statins on insulin resistance or diabetes in HIV-infected persons has not been assessed within a randomized controlled study. METHODS: HIV-infected participants on stable antiretroviral therapy with a low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level of </=130 mg/dL and heightened immune activation or inflammation were randomized to rosuvastatin 10 mg daily or placebo for 96 weeks. Fasting serum glucose, insulin, and hemoglobin A1C (HgbA1C) were measured; insulin resistance was estimated by calculating the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR); and a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test was administered. RESULTS: Seventy-two participants were randomized to rosuvastatin therapy and 75 to placebo. Increases in fasting glucose were observed within both groups but were not different between study arms (P = .115); changes in glucose tole
10.1093/cid/civ554
26157049
PMC4614408
Adult Anti-Retroviral Agents/*therapeutic use Female HIV Infections/*complications/drug therapy Humans Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/*adverse effects/*therapeutic use *Insulin Resistance Male Middle Aged Placebos/administration & dosage Rosuvastatin Calcium/*adverse effects/*therapeutic use Homa-ir glucose metabolism inflammation insulin resistance statin
Erlandson KM, Jiang Y, Debanne SM, McComsey GA (2015). Rosuvastatin Worsens Insulin Resistance in HIV-Infected Adults on Antiretroviral Therapy. Clin Infect Dis, 61(10), 1566-72. PMC4614408
Journal Article
The association between APOL1 risk alleles and longitudinal kidney function differs by HIV viral suppression status
Clin Infect Dis
2015
15-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25281610
BACKGROUND: Existing data suggest that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected African Americans carrying 2 copies of the APOL1 risk alleles have greater risk of kidney disease than noncarriers. We sought to determine whether HIV RNA suppression mitigates APOL1-related kidney function decline among African Americans enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. METHODS: We genotyped HIV-infected men for the G1 and G2 risk alleles and ancestry informative markers. Mixed-effects models were used to estimate the annual rate of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline, comparing men carrying 2 (high-risk) vs 0-1 risk allele (low-risk). Effect modification by HIV suppression status (defined as HIV type 1 RNA level <400 copies/mL for >90% of follow-up time) was evaluated using interaction terms and stratified analyses. RESULTS: Of the 333 African American men included in this study, 54 (16%) carried the APOL1 high-risk genotype. Among HIV-infected men with unsuppressed viral
10.1093/cid/ciu765
25281610
PMC4318914
African Americans/*genetics Alleles Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Apolipoprotein L1 Apolipoproteins/*genetics Cohort Studies Follow-Up Studies Genetic Predisposition to Disease Genotype *Glomerular Filtration Rate/genetics HIV/genetics/*physiology HIV Infections/drug therapy/*physiopathology/*virology Humans Kidney/*physiopathology Lipoproteins, HDL/*genetics Male RNA, Viral/blood Risk Factors Viral Load Hiv antiretroviral therapy genetic kidney disease
Estrella MM, Li M, Tin A, Abraham AG, Shlipak MG, Penugonda S, Hussain SK, Palella FJ Jr, Wolinsky SM, Martinson JJ, Parekh RS, Kao WH (2015). The association between APOL1 risk alleles and longitudinal kidney function differs by HIV viral suppression status. Clin Infect Dis, 60(4), 646-52. PMC4318914
Journal Article
HIV Infection Is Associated With Progression of Subclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis
Clin Infect Dis
2015
15-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25904369
BACKGROUND: Individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) live longer as a result of effective treatment, but long-term consequences of infection, treatment, and immunological dysfunction are poorly understood. METHODS: We prospectively examined 1011 women (74% HIV-infected) in the Women's Interagency HIV Study and 811 men (65% HIV-infected) in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study who underwent repeated B-mode carotid artery ultrasound imaging in 2004-2013. Outcomes included changes in right common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CCA-IMT) and new focal carotid artery plaque formation (IMT >1.5 mm) over median 7 years. We assessed the association between HIV serostatus and progression of subclinical atherosclerosis, adjusting for demographic, behavioral, and cardiometabolic risk factors. RESULTS: Unadjusted mean CCA-IMT increased (725 to 752 microm in women, 757 to 790 microm in men), but CCA-IMT progression did not differ by HIV serostatus, either in combined or sex-
10.1093/cid/civ325
25904369
PMC4607734
Adult Carotid Arteries/diagnostic imaging/pathology Carotid Artery Diseases/*diagnosis/*pathology Disease Progression Female HIV Infections/*complications Humans Longitudinal Studies Male Middle Aged Plaque, Atherosclerotic/pathology Prospective Studies Tunica Intima/pathology Ultrasonography HIV infection atherosclerosis cardiovascular disease intima-media thickness viral load
Hanna DB, Post WS, Deal JA, Hodis HN, Jacobson LP, Mack WJ, Anastos K, Gange SJ, Landay AL, Lazar JM, Palella FJ, Tien PC, Witt MD, Xue X, Young MA, Kaplan RC, Kingsley LA (2015). HIV Infection Is Associated With Progression of Subclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis. Clin Infect Dis, 61(4), 640-50. PMC4607734
Journal Article
Changes in Inflammation and Immune Activation With Atazanavir-, Raltegravir-, Darunavir-Based Initial Antiviral Therapy: ACTG 5260s
Clin Infect Dis
2015
15-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25904376
BACKGROUND: It is unclear whether the integrase inhibitor raltegravir (RAL) reduces inflammation and immune activation compared with ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors (PIs). METHODS: In a prospective, randomized, multicenter clinical trial that included 328 human immunodeficiency type 1 (HIV-1)-infected, treatment-naive participants were randomized to receive tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) plus atazanavir/ritonavir (ATV/r), darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/r), or RAL. A total of 234 participants (71%) with HIV-1 RNA levels <50 copies/mL by week 24 were included. Plasma biomarkers of inflammation and coagulation that were analysed included high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 (IL-6), GlycA, D-dimer, soluble CD14 (sCD14), sCD163, and sIL-2r; blood cellular markers included %CD38+DR+ of T-cell subsets and %CD14+CD16+ and%CD14(dim)CD16+ monocyte subsets. Changes from baseline were examined at earlier (24 or 48 weeks) and later (96 weeks) time points, with 9
10.1093/cid/civ327
25904376
PMC4542595
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/methods Atazanavir Sulfate/*therapeutic use Biomarkers/blood Darunavir/*therapeutic use Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/immunology/*pathology Humans Inflammation/*pathology Longitudinal Studies Male Middle Aged Prospective Studies Raltegravir Potassium/*therapeutic use Treatment Outcome human immunodeficiency virus immune activation inflammation integrase inhibitors protease inhibitors
Kelesidis T, Tran TT, Stein JH, Brown TT, Moser C, Ribaudo HJ, Dube MP, Murphy R, Yang OO, Currier JS, McComsey GA (2015). Changes in Inflammation and Immune Activation With Atazanavir-, Raltegravir-, Darunavir-Based Initial Antiviral Therapy: ACTG 5260s. Clin Infect Dis, 61(4), 651-60. PMC4542595
Journal Article
Cervical Precancer Risk in HIV-Infected Women Who Test Positive for Oncogenic Human Papillomavirus Despite a Normal Pap Test
Clin Infect Dis
2015
15-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26187020
BACKGROUND: Determining cervical precancer risk among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women who despite a normal Pap test are positive for oncogenic human papillomavirus (oncHPV) types is important for setting screening practices. METHODS: A total of 2791 HIV-infected and 975 HIV-uninfected women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study were followed semiannually with Pap tests and colposcopy. Cumulative risks of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or greater (CIN-2+; threshold used for CIN treatment) and grade 3 or greater (CIN-3+; threshold to set screening practices) were measured in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women with normal Pap tests, stratified by baseline HPV results, and also in HIV-infected women with a low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL; benchmark indication for colposcopy). RESULTS: At baseline, 1021 HIV-infected and 518 HIV-uninfected women had normal Pap tests, of whom 154 (15%) and 27 (5%), respectively, tested oncHPV positive. The 5-yea
10.1093/cid/civ569
26187020
PMC4614409
Adult Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia/*epidemiology/pathology/virology Female Genotype HIV Infections/*complications Human papillomavirus 16/classification/genetics/*isolation & purification Humans Papanicolaou Test Papillomavirus Infections/*epidemiology/pathology/virology Precancerous Conditions/*epidemiology/pathology/virology Prospective Studies Risk Assessment Hiv Pap test cervical cancer screening human papillomavirus
Keller MJ, Burk RD, Massad LS, Eltoum IE, Hessol NA, Castle PE, Anastos K, Xie X, Minkoff H, Xue X, D'Souza G, Flowers L, Levine AM, Colie C, Rahangdale L, Fischl MA, Palefsky JM, Strickler HD (2015). Cervical Precancer Risk in HIV-Infected Women Who Test Positive for Oncogenic Human Papillomavirus Despite a Normal Pap Test. Clin Infect Dis, 61(10), 1573-81. PMC4614409
Journal Article
Ten-year Survival by Race/Ethnicity and Sex Among Treated, HIV-infected Adults in the United States
Clin Infect Dis
2015
1-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25767258
BACKGROUND: Ensuring equal access to antiretroviral therapy (henceforth therapy) should alleviate disparities in health outcomes among persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, evidence supporting the persistence of disparities in survival following therapy initiation is mixed. METHODS: Patients initiating therapy in eight academic medical centers in the Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems between 1 January 1998 and 30 December 2011. Patients (n = 10 017) were followed from therapy initiation until death from any cause, administrative censoring at 10 years after therapy initiation or the end of follow-up on 31 December 2011. The 10-year risk of all-cause mortality was calculated from standardized Kaplan-Meier survival curves. RESULTS: Patients were followed for a median of 4.7 years (interquartile range: 2.2, 8.2). During 51 121 person-years of follow-up, 1224 of the 10 017 patients died. The overall 10-year mortality risk was 20.2%
10.1093/cid/civ183
25767258
PMC4447784
Academic Medical Centers Adult Anti-Retroviral Agents/*therapeutic use Cohort Studies Ethnic Groups Female HIV Infections/drug therapy/*epidemiology/*mortality Humans Male Middle Aged Sex Factors Survival Analysis United States/epidemiology Hiv antiretroviral therapy health status disparities
Lesko CR, Cole SR, Miller WC, Westreich D, Eron JJ, Adimora AA, Moore RD, Mathews WC, Martin JN, Drozd DR, Kitahata MM, Edwards JK, Mugavero MJ (2015). Ten-year Survival by Race/Ethnicity and Sex Among Treated, HIV-infected Adults in the United States. Clin Infect Dis, 60(11), 1700-7. PMC4447784
Journal Article
Prevalence, correlates, and outcomes of cryptococcal antigen positivity among patients with AIDS, United States, 1986-2012
Clin Infect Dis
2015
15-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25422390
BACKGROUND: Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is one of the most common causes of AIDS-related mortality worldwide, accounting for 33%-63% of all cases of adult meningitis in sub-Saharan Africa and >500 000 deaths annually. In sub-Saharan Africa, the World Health Organization recommends routinely screening AIDS patients with a CD4 count </=100 cells/microL for cryptococcal infection. In the United States, there are no recommendations for routine screening. We aimed to determine the prevalence of cryptococcal infection and outcomes of those infected among people living with advanced AIDS in the United States, to inform updates in the prevention and management of CM. METHODS: Using stored sera from participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and the Women's Interagency HIV Study from 1986 to 2012, we screened 1872 specimens with CD4 T-cell counts </=100 cells/microL for cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) using the CrAg lateral flow assay. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of CrAg positivity with
10.1093/cid/ciu937
25422390
PMC4357818
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis/*epidemiology Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*complications Adult Aged Antigens, Fungal/*blood CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Cost-Benefit Analysis Cryptococcosis/diagnosis/*epidemiology Cryptococcus/immunology/*isolation & purification Female Humans Meningitis, Cryptococcal/epidemiology/prevention & control Middle Aged Prevalence Time Factors United States/epidemiology Young Adult Hiv/aids cryptococcal meningitis screening
McKenney J, Bauman S, Neary B, Detels R, French A, Margolick J, Doherty B, Klausner JD (2015). Prevalence, correlates, and outcomes of cryptococcal antigen positivity among patients with AIDS, United States, 1986-2012. Clin Infect Dis, 60(6), 959-65. PMC4357818
Journal Article
Spontaneous Clearance of the Hepatitis C Virus Among Men Who Have Sex With Men
Clin Infect Dis
2015
11/1/2015
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26175521
BACKGROUND: The probability of spontaneous hepatitis C virus (HCV) clearance ranges from 11% to 49%. Our previous cross-sectional study suggests that mode of acquisition explains some of this heterogeneity. We performed this prospective study to determine factors associated with spontaneous HCV clearance among men who have sex with men (MSM). METHODS: A mixture-cure model was used to evaluate the probability of spontaneous HCV clearance among 101 MSM in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study with acute HCV infection between 1984 and 2012. RESULTS: Spontaneous HCV clearance occurred in 46% of MSM (49% in non-injection drug users [IDUs] and 23% in IDUs). In the multivariable analysis, age <30 years (clearance ratio [CR] = 2.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.53-3.87) and being human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) uninfected (CR = 2.97; 95% CI, 1.98-4.46) were independently associated with spontaneous clearance. Among men aged >/=30 years, being HIV uninfected, not having unprotected anal inter
10.1093/cid/civ562
26175521
PMC4599393
age Aged AIDS anal intercourse analysis antiretroviral therapy Baltimore Chicago cohort Cohort Studies cohort study cross-sectional Cross-Sectional Studies Disease drug users drugs epidemiology Genotype health hepatitis Hepatitis C Hiv Human human immunodeficiency virus Illinois immune immunodeficiency immunology infection infectious diseases Los Angeles Maryland methods microbiology model MSM multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study pathology Pennsylvania Pittsburgh Probability Prospective Studies Public Health research response sex study therapies therapy vaccine virus
Seaberg EC, Witt MD, Jacobson LP, Detels R, Rinaldo CR, Margolick JB, Young S, Phair JP, Thio CL (2015). Spontaneous Clearance of the Hepatitis C Virus Among Men Who Have Sex With Men. Clin Infect Dis, 61(9), 1381-1388. PMC4599393
Journal Article
Association of urine alpha1-microglobulin with kidney function decline and mortality in HIV-infected women
Clin J Am Soc Nephrol
2015
7-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25370597
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Despite advances in therapy, HIV-infected individuals remain at higher risk for kidney dysfunction than uninfected individuals. It was hypothesized that urine levels of alpha1-microglobulin, a biomarker of proximal tubular dysfunction, would predict kidney function decline and mortality risk in HIV-infected and uninfected women. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS: In the Women's Interagency HIV Study, urine alpha1-microglobulin and creatinine concentrations were measured in 903 HIV-infected and 287 uninfected women using stored urine from 1999 to 2000, when prevalence of tenofovir use was <1%. Participants were categorized into three categories by level of alpha1-microglobulin-to-creatinine ratio, and associations with kidney decline and all-cause mortality over 8 years were evaluated. RESULTS: Urine alpha1-microglobulin was detectable in 60% of HIV-infected and 40% of uninfected women (P<0.001). Among HIV-infected women, there were 177 (22%), 61 (
10.2215/CJN.03220314
25370597
PMC4284407
AIDS-Associated Nephropathy/*diagnosis/*mortality/physiopathology/urine Adult Alpha-Globulins/*urine Biomarkers/urine Case-Control Studies Chi-Square Distribution Creatinine/urine Disease Progression Female Glomerular Filtration Rate Humans Kidney Function Tests Kidney Tubules, Proximal/*metabolism/physiopathology Linear Models Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis Odds Ratio Predictive Value of Tests Proportional Hazards Models Prospective Studies Risk Assessment Risk Factors Sex Factors Time Factors United States/epidemiology Ckd HIV nephropathy proximal tubule
Jotwani V, Scherzer R, Abraham A, Estrella MM, Bennett M, Cohen MH, Nowicki M, Sharma A, Young M, Tien PC, Ix JH, Sarnak MJ, Parikh CR, Shlipak MG (2015). Association of urine alpha1-microglobulin with kidney function decline and mortality in HIV-infected women. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 10(1), 63-73. PMC4284407
Journal Article
Cultural competency in the delivery of health services for Indigenous people
Closing the Gap Clearinghouse
2015
31-Jul
Book
Understanding frailty, aging, and inflammation in HIV infection
Curr HIV/AIDS Rep
2015
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25656346
Frailty is a clinical syndrome initially characterized in geriatric populations with a hallmark of age-related declines in physiologic reserve and function and increased vulnerability to adverse health outcomes. Recently, frailty has increasingly been recognized as a common and important HIV-associated non-AIDS (HANA) condition. This article provides an overview of our current understanding of frailty and its phenotypic characteristics and evidence that they are related to aging and to chronic inflammation that is associated with aging and also with long-term treated HIV infection. The etiology of this chronic inflammation is unknown but we discuss evidence linking it to persistent infection with cytomegalovirus in both geriatric populations and people living with HIV infection.
10.1007/s11904-014-0247-3
25656346
PMC4751047
Aged Aged, 80 and over Aging/*physiology Cytomegalovirus Infections/*complications *Frail Elderly HIV Infections/*complications Humans Immune System Diseases/*etiology/physiopathology Inflammation/*etiology/physiopathology Interleukin-6/immunology T-Lymphocytes/immunology
Leng SX, Margolick JB (2015). Understanding frailty, aging, and inflammation in HIV infection. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep, 12(1), 25-32. PMC4751047
Journal Article
Preserving HIV-specific T cell responses: does timing of antiretroviral therapy help?
Curr Opin HIV AIDS
2015
Jan-15
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25389805
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: HIV-specific T cell responses are likely to have an important role in HIV cure strategies that aim for long-lasting viral control without antiretroviral therapy (ART). An important issue in enhancing virus-specific T cell responses is whether timing of ART can influence their magnitude and breadth. RECENT FINDINGS: Early ART is associated with lower T cell activation, preservation of T cell numbers, smaller DNA and RNA reservoir size, and, in a single study (VISCONTI), control of plasma viremia after treatment interruption. The prevention of T cell destruction by early ART is associated with relatively low anti-HIV CD8(+) T cell responses but stronger CD4(+) T helper function. The relatively lower CD8(+)T cell response, which is presumably due to rapid lowering of HIV antigen burden after early ART, appears sufficient to control residual viral replication as well as viral rebound upon treatment interruption. SUMMARY: Available evidence of starting ART during acute or
10.1097/COH.0000000000000124
25389805
PMC4610392
activation antiretroviral therapy ART control Disease Dna health Hiv HIV infection infection infectious diseases latency microbiology pathology Pennsylvania Pittsburgh Plasma prevention Public Health research response review Rna Role study support t cell therapies therapy treatment Viremia
Macatangay BJ, Rinaldo CR (2015). Preserving HIV-specific T cell responses: does timing of antiretroviral therapy help?. Curr Opin HIV AIDS, 10(1), 55-60. PMC4610392
Journal Article
Comparative mapping of host-pathogen protein-protein interactions
Curr Opin Microbiol
2015
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26275922
Pathogens usurp a variety of host pathways via protein-protein interactions to ensure efficient pathogen replication. Despite the existence of an impressive toolkit of systematic and unbiased approaches, we still lack a comprehensive list of these PPIs and an understanding of their functional implications. Here, we highlight the importance of harnessing genetic diversity of hosts and pathogens for uncovering the biochemical basis of pathogen restriction, virulence, fitness, and pathogenesis. We further suggest that integrating physical interaction data with orthogonal types of data will allow researchers to draw meaningful conclusions both for basic and translational science.
10.1016/j.mib.2015.07.008
26275922
PMC4659747
Bacterial Proteins/genetics/*metabolism Databases as Topic *Genetic Variation *Host-Pathogen Interactions/genetics Humans *Protein Interaction Mapping Viral Proteins/*metabolism Virulence/genetics
Shah PS, Wojcechowskyj JA, Eckhardt M, Krogan NJ (2015). Comparative mapping of host-pathogen protein-protein interactions. Curr Opin Microbiol, 27(), 62-8. PMC4659747
Journal Article
NIHMS715884
Vitamin D metabolism-related genetic variants, dietary protein intake and improvement of insulin resistance in a 2 year weight-loss trial: POUNDS Lost
Diabetologia
2015
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26416604
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Vitamin D and related genetic variants are associated with obesity and insulin resistance. We aimed to examine whether vitamin D metabolism-related variants affect changes in body weight and insulin resistance in response to weight-loss diets varying in macronutrient content. METHODS: Three vitamin D metabolism-related variants, DHCR7 rs12785878, CYP2R1 rs10741657 and GC rs2282679, were genotyped in 732 overweight/obese participants from a 2 year weight-loss trial (POUNDS Lost). We assessed genotype effects on changes in body weight, fasting levels of glucose and insulin, and HOMA-IR at 6 months (up to 656 participants) and 2 years (up to 596 participants) in response to low-protein vs high-protein diets, and low-fat vs high-fat diets. RESULTS: We found significant interactions between DHCR7 rs12785878 and diets varying in protein, but not in fat, on changes in insulin and HOMA-IR at both 6 months (p for interaction <0.001) and 2 years (p for interaction </= 0.03). The
10.1007/s00125-015-3750-1
26416604
PMC4631625
Adult Aged Blood Glucose/metabolism Body Weight Cholestanetriol 26-Monooxygenase/genetics Cytochrome P450 Family 2 Diet, Protein-Restricted Dietary Proteins/*pharmacology Female Genetic Variation Genotype Humans Insulin/blood Insulin Resistance/*genetics Male Middle Aged Obesity/diet therapy/genetics Overweight/diet therapy/genetics Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide Treatment Outcome Vitamin D/*metabolism Weight Loss/*genetics Diet intervention Genetic variants Insulin resistance Vitamin D Weight loss
Qi Q, Zheng Y, Huang T, Rood J, Bray GA, Sacks FM, Qi L (2015). Vitamin D metabolism-related genetic variants, dietary protein intake and improvement of insulin resistance in a 2 year weight-loss trial: POUNDS Lost. Diabetologia, 58(12), 2791-9. PMC4631625
Journal Article
NIHMS726940
Accelerating aging research: how can we measure the rate of biologic aging?
Exp Gerontol
2015
Apr-15
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25683017
Claims of accelerated or premature aging are frequently made. However, the lack of standard criteria for measuring speed of aging makes such claims highly questionable. Because of fundamental gaps in our current understanding of the biological mechanisms of aging, the development of specific phenotypes that are due to aging is difficult and such phenotypes can only be derived by observational data. However, a clinical phenotype of aging exists that is experienced by all living individuals and is pervasive across multiple physiologic systems. Characterizing this phenotype can serve as a basis for measuring the speed of aging, and can facilitate a better understanding of the aging process and its interaction with chronic diseases
10.1016/j.exger.2015.02.009
25683017
PMC4612579
Aging Baltimore Chronic Disease clinical Disease health Phenotype Public Health research support
Margolick JB, Ferrucci L (2015). Accelerating aging research: how can we measure the rate of biologic aging?. Exp Gerontol, 64(), 78-80. PMC4612579
Journal Article
Programming T cell Killers for an HIV Cure: Teach the New Dogs New Tricks and Let the Sleeping Dogs Lie
For Immunopathol Dis Therap
2015
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28344852
Despite the success of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), a latent viral reservoir persists in HIV-1-infected persons. Unfortunately, endogenous cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are unable to control viral rebound when patients are removed from cART. A "kick and kill" strategy has been proposed to eradicate this reservoir, whereby infected T cells are induced to express viral proteins via latency-inducing drugs followed by their elimination by CTLs. It has yet to be determined if stimulation of existing HIV-1-specific CTL will be sufficient, or if new CTLs should be primed from naive T cells. In this review, we propose that dendritic cells (DCs), the most potent antigen presenting cells, act as dog trainers and can induce T cells (the dogs) to do magnificent tricks. We propose the hypothesis that an HIV-1 cure will require targeting of naive T cells and will necessitate "teaching new dogs new tricks" while avoiding activation of potentially dysfunctional endogenous memory CTLs (l
10.1615/ForumImmunDisTher.2016014160
28344852
PMC5363401
Ctl Hiv-1 dendritic cells immunotherapy
Smith KN, Mailliard RB, Rinaldo CR (2015). Programming T cell Killers for an HIV Cure: Teach the New Dogs New Tricks and Let the Sleeping Dogs Lie. For Immunopathol Dis Therap, 6(2-Jan), 67-77. PMC5363401
Journal Article
NIHMS847080
Clinical Interdisciplinary Collaboration Models and Frameworks From Similarities to Differences: A Systematic Review
Glob J Health Sci
2015
19-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26153158
INTRODUCTION: So far, various models of interdisciplinary collaboration in clinical nursing have been presented, however, yet a comprehensive model is not available. The purpose of this study is to review the evidences that had presented model or framework with qualitative approach about interdisciplinary collaboration in clinical nursing. METHODS: All the articles and theses published from 1990 to 10 June 2014 which in both English and Persian models or frameworks of clinicians had presented model or framework of clinical collaboration were searched using databases of Proquest, Scopus, pub Med, Science Direct, and Iranian databases of Sid, Magiran, and Iranmedex. In this review, for published articles and theses, keywords according with MESH such as nurse-physician relations, care team, collaboration, interdisciplinary relations and their Persian equivalents were used. RESULTS: In this study contexts, processes and outcomes of interdisciplinary collaboration as findings were extracted
10.5539/gjhs.v7n6p170
26153158
PMC4803863
*Cooperative Behavior Humans *Interprofessional Relations *Models, Nursing Patient Care Team/*organization & administration *Physician-Nurse Relations
Mahdizadeh M, Heydari A, Karimi Moonaghi H (2015). Clinical Interdisciplinary Collaboration Models and Frameworks From Similarities to Differences: A Systematic Review. Glob J Health Sci, 7(6), 170-80. PMC4803863
Journal Article
Changes in knowledge of cervical cancer following introduction of human papillomavirus vaccine among women at high risk for cervical cancer
Gynecol Oncol Rep
2015
1-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25870859
PURPOSE: To describe changes in knowledge of cervical cancer prevention, human papillomavirus (HPV), and HPV vaccination among women at high risk for cervical cancer in the first five years after introduction of HPV vaccination. METHODS: In 2007, 2008-9, and 2011, women in a multicenter U.S. cohort study completed 44-item self-report questionnaires assessing knowledge of cervical cancer prevention, HPV, and HPV vaccination. Results across time were assessed for individuals, and three study enrollment cohorts were compared. Knowledge scores were correlated with demographic variables, measures of education and attention, and medical factors. Associations were assessed in multivariable models. RESULTS: In all, 974 women completed three serial questionnaires; most were minority, low income, and current or former smokers. The group included 652 (67%) HIV infected and 322 (33%) uninfected. Summary knowledge scores (possible range 0-24) increased from 2007 (12.8, S.D. 5.8) to 2008-9 (13.9, S.
10.1016/j.gore.2015.02.007
25870859
PMC4392650
Human papillomavirus Pap test cervical cancer prevention health education human immunodeficiency virus in women
Massad LS, Evans CT, Weber KM, D'Souza G, Hessol NA, Wright RL, Colie C, Strickler HD, Wilson TE (2015). Changes in knowledge of cervical cancer following introduction of human papillomavirus vaccine among women at high risk for cervical cancer. Gynecol Oncol Rep, 12(), 37-40. PMC4392650
Journal Article
Soluble CD163 is associated with noninvasive measures of liver fibrosis in hepatitis C virus- and hepatitis C virus/human immunodeficiency virus-infected women
Hepatology
2015
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25044447
10.1002/hep.27303
25044447
PMC4291302
Antigens, CD/*metabolism Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/*metabolism Female Hepatitis B, Chronic/*metabolism Hepatitis C, Chronic/*metabolism Humans Liver Cirrhosis/*metabolism Macrophages/*metabolism Male Receptors, Cell Surface/*metabolism
Kuniholm MH, Hanna DB, Landay AL, Kaplan RC, Ley K (2015). Soluble CD163 is associated with noninvasive measures of liver fibrosis in hepatitis C virus- and hepatitis C virus/human immunodeficiency virus-infected women. Hepatology, 61(2), 734-5. PMC4291302
Journal Article
NIHMS615110
Differential skeletal impact of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in young versus old HIV-infected adults
HIV Clin Trials
2015
Mar-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25872972
BACKGROUND: Lower peak bone mass in early adulthood predicts subsequent fragility fractures. Antiretroviral toxicity could contribute to young HIV-infected individuals not achieving adequate peak bone mass. OBJECTIVE: To determine if tenofovir disoproxil fumarate's (TDF) effect on bone mineral density (BMD) differs by age. METHODS: We examined BMD data at the lumbar spine and hip from AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) A5224s and ASSERT and randomized treatment-naive studies comparing TDF/emtricitabine versus abacavir/lamivudine (with efavirenz or atazanavir/ritonavir). In this post hoc analysis, we defined the TDF effect as the difference between mean 48-week BMD per cent changes for lumbar spine and hip in individuals randomized to TDF versus abacavir. We used multivariable linear regression to compare the TDF effect in individuals younger and older than 30 years. If TDF effect by age did not differ significantly between studies, we pooled study populations. Otherwise, analyses were c
10.1179/1528433614Z.0000000010
25872972
PMC4467768
Adolescent Adult Age Factors Anti-HIV Agents/*administration & dosage/*adverse effects Benzoxazines/administration & dosage/adverse effects Bone Density/*drug effects Dideoxynucleosides/administration & dosage/adverse effects Drug Combinations Emtricitabine/administration & dosage/adverse effects/therapeutic use Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy Humans Lamivudine/administration & dosage/adverse effects Lumbar Vertebrae/drug effects/physiology Male Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis Pelvic Bones/drug effects/physiology Tenofovir/*administration & dosage/*adverse effects Young Adult *Anti-HIV agents *Bone density *HIV infections *administration and dosage *adverse effects *drug therapy/virology
Grant PM, Kitch D, McComsey GA, Tierney C, Ha B, Brown TT (2015). Differential skeletal impact of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in young versus old HIV-infected adults. HIV Clin Trials, 16(2), 66-71. PMC4467768
Journal Article
NIHMS697675
Telmisartan to reduce cardiovascular risk in older HIV-infected adults: a pilot study
HIV Clin Trials
2015
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26360501
BACKGROUND: HIV-infected persons are at increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, but traditional CVD therapies are understudied in this population. Telmisartan is an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist that improves endothelial function and cardiovascular mortality in HIV-uninfected populations. We assessed the effects of telmisartan on endothelial function in older HIV-infected persons at risk for CVD in a small pilot study. METHODS: HIV-infected individuals>/=50 years old on suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) with >/=1 traditional CVD risk factor received open-label telmisartan 80 mg daily for 6 weeks. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) measured endothelial function. The primary endpoint was 6-week change in maximum relative FMD. RESULTS: Seventeen participants enrolled; 16 completed all evaluations (88% men, 65% non-White, median age 60 years, CD4+T lymphocyte count 625 cells/mm3). Antiretro
10.1179/1945577115Y.0000000006
26360501
PMC4701215
Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers/adverse effects/*therapeutic use Anti-HIV Agents/adverse effects/therapeutic use Benzimidazoles/adverse effects/*therapeutic use Benzoates/adverse effects/*therapeutic use Blood Pressure/drug effects CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology/physiopathology/*prevention & control Dideoxynucleosides/adverse effects/therapeutic use Female HIV Infections/*complications/drug therapy/physiopathology Humans Male Middle Aged Pilot Projects Risk Factors Telmisartan Cardiovascular risk Endothelial function Hiv
Lake JE, Seang S, Kelesidis T, Liao DH, Hodis HN, Stein JH, Currier JS (2015). Telmisartan to reduce cardiovascular risk in older HIV-infected adults: a pilot study. HIV Clin Trials, 16(5), 197-206. PMC4701215
Journal Article
NIHMS747457
Body mass index and early CD4 T-cell recovery among adults initiating antiretroviral therapy in North America, 1998-2010
HIV Med
2015
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25960080
OBJECTIVES: Adipose tissue affects several aspects of the cellular immune system, but prior epidemiological studies have differed on whether a higher body mass index (BMI) promotes CD4 T-cell recovery on antiretroviral therapy (ART). The objective of this analysis was to assess the relationship between BMI at ART initiation and early changes in CD4 T-cell count. METHODS: We used the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD) data set to analyse the relationship between pre-treatment BMI and 12-month CD4 T-cell recovery among adults who started ART between 1998 and 2010 and maintained HIV-1 RNA levels < 400 copies/mL for at least 6 months. Multivariable regression models were adjusted for age, race, sex, baseline CD4 count and HIV RNA level, year of ART initiation, ART regimen and clinical site. RESULTS: A total of 8381 participants from 13 cohorts contributed data; 85% were male, 52% were nonwhite, 32% were overweight (BMI 25-29.9 kg/m(2) ) and 15% were
10.1111/hiv.12259
25960080
PMC4558259
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use *Body Mass Index CD4 Lymphocyte Count CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*drug effects/immunology Datasets as Topic Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*immunology/physiopathology Humans Male Middle Aged North America Regression Analysis Treatment Outcome Hiv antiretroviral therapy immune reconsitition nutrition obesity
Koethe JR, Jenkins CA, Lau B, Shepherd BE, Silverberg MJ, Brown TT, Blashill AJ, Anema A, Willig A, Stinnette S, Napravnik S, Gill J, Crane HM, Sterling TR; North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD) (2015). Body mass index and early CD4 T-cell recovery among adults initiating antiretroviral therapy in North America, 1998-2010. HIV Med, 16(9), 572-7. PMC4558259
Journal Article
Body mass index and the risk of incident noncommunicable diseases after starting antiretroviral therapy
HIV Med
2015
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25230709
OBJECTIVES: Obesity and HIV infection are associated with an increased incidence of noninfectious comorbid medical conditions, but the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the development of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) among individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART) has not been well characterized. METHODS: A cohort study of adults initiating ART between 1998 and 2010 at an academic centre with systematic laboratory and clinical data collection, including AIDS and NCD diagnoses, was carried out. The relationship between BMI at ART initiation and the risk of incident cardiovascular, hepatic, renal or oncological NCDs was assessed using Cox proportional hazard models. BMI was fitted using restricted cubic splines and models adjusted for age, sex, race, CD4 count, protease inhibitor use, year of initiation, and prior AIDS-defining illness. RESULTS: Among 1089 patients in the analysis cohort, 54% had normal BMI, 28% were overweight, and 18% were obese. Baseline BMI was asso
10.1111/hiv.12178
25230709
PMC4268383
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*administration & dosage/adverse effects *Body Mass Index Chronic Disease/*epidemiology Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/complications/*drug therapy Humans Longitudinal Studies Male Obesity/immunology Overweight/immunology Retrospective Studies Risk Factors Hiv antiretroviral therapy body mass index non-AIDS-defining events noncommunicable diseases nutrition obesity
Koethe JR, Jenkins CA, Turner M, Bebawy S, Shepherd BE, Wester CW, Sterling TR (2015). Body mass index and the risk of incident noncommunicable diseases after starting antiretroviral therapy. HIV Med, 16(1), 67-72. PMC4268383
Journal Article
HIV infection is associated with an increased prevalence of coronary noncalcified plaque among participants with a coronary artery calcium score of zero: Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS)
HIV Med
2015
Nov-15
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25968104
OBJECTIVES: HIV-infected individuals bear increased cardiovascular risk even in the absence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. In the general population, coronary artery calcium (CAC) scanning is of value for cardiovascular risk stratification, but whether a CAC score of zero implies a low noncalcified coronary plaque burden in HIV-infected persons is unknown. METHODS: We assessed the prevalence of noncalcified coronary plaque and compared noncalcified coronary plaque burden between HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected participants who had CAC scores of zero in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) using coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography. RESULTS: HIV infection was associated with the presence of noncalcified coronary plaque among these men with CAC scores of zero. In a model adjusted only for age, race, centre, and pre- or post-2001 cohort, the prevalence ratio for the presence of noncalcified plaque was 1.27 (95% confidence interval 1.04-1.56; P = 0.02). After addi
10.1111/hiv.12262
25968104
PMC4618024
age AIDS Baltimore Calcium Chicago cohort Cohort Studies cohort study health Hiv HIV infection infection Los Angeles MACS methods model multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Pittsburgh population Prevalence Public Health research Risk Risk Factors study
Metkus TS, Brown T, Budoff M, Kingsley L, Palella FJ Jr, Witt MD, Li X, George RT, Jacobson LP, Post WS (2015). HIV infection is associated with an increased prevalence of coronary noncalcified plaque among participants with a coronary artery calcium score of zero: Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). HIV Med, 16(10), 635-639. PMC4618024
Journal Article
The Effects of Viral Load Burden on Pregnancy Loss among HIV-Infected Women in the United States
Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol
2015
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26582966
BACKGROUND: To evaluate the effects of HIV viral load, measured cross-sectionally and cumulatively, on the risk of miscarriage or stillbirth (pregnancy loss) among HIV-infected women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study between 1994 and 2013. METHODS: We assessed three exposures: most recent viral load measure before the pregnancy ended, log10 copy-years viremia from initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) to conception, and log10 copy-years viremia in the two years before conception. RESULTS: The risk of pregnancy loss for those with log10 viral load >4.00 before pregnancy ended was 1.59 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.99, 2.56) times as high as the risk for women whose log10 viral load was </=1.60. There was not a meaningful impact of log10 copy-years viremia since ART or log10 copy-years viremia in the two years before conception on pregnancy loss (adjusted risk ratios (aRRs): 0.80 (95% CI: 0.69, 0.92) and 1.00 (95% CI: 0.90, 1.11), resp.). CONCLUSIONS: Cumulative viral
10.1155/2015/362357
26582966
PMC4637076
Abortion, Spontaneous/epidemiology/*virology Adult Female HIV Infections/epidemiology/*virology *hiv-1 Humans Pregnancy Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology/*virology Prospective Studies Stillbirth/*epidemiology Viremia/epidemiology/*virology
Cates JE, Westreich D, Edmonds A, Wright RL, Minkoff H, Colie C, Greenblatt RM, Cejtin HE, Karim R, Haddad LB, Kempf MC, Golub ET, Adimora AA (2015). The Effects of Viral Load Burden on Pregnancy Loss among HIV-Infected Women in the United States. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol, 2015(), 362357. PMC4637076
Journal Article
Profile of HIV-Infected Hispanics with Pancytopenia
Int J Environ Res Public Health
2015
22-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26703689
Pancytopenia is seen in late HIV infection; it is associated with medical complications and with decreased survival. We determined the prevalence of pancytopenia at baseline in a cohort of HIV-positive Hispanics living in Puerto Rico, and compared their socio-demographic, immunological and clinical characteristics. A total of 1202 patients enrolled between 2000 and 2010 were included. They were grouped according to pancytopenia status, defined by having: platelets <150,000 muL, white cell count <4000 muL, and hemoglobin <12 g/dL (women) or <13 g/dL (men). Differences were evaluated using Student's t-test, Chi-square test and Kaplan-Meier method. The prevalence of pancytopenia was 8.7%. Patients with pancytopenia had lower BMI and lower CD4 count, as well as higher HIV viral load and higher proportions of unemployment, clinical AIDS and antiretroviral treatment (ART) use (p < 0.05). One-year mortality rate was significantly higher in patients with pancytopenia (18.1% vs. 5.1%, p < 0.001
10.3390/ijerph13010038
26703689
PMC4730429
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/virology Adult Aged Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use CD4 Lymphocyte Count Female HIV Infections/*complications/drug therapy/ethnology/mortality *Hispanic Americans Humans Longitudinal Studies Male Middle Aged Pancytopenia/drug therapy/*ethnology/mortality/virology Prevalence Puerto Rico/epidemiology Viral Load Hiv Hispanics antiretroviral treatment blood disorders mortality pancytopenia
Santiago-Rodríguez EJ, Mayor AM, Fernández-Santos DM, Hunter-Mellado RF (2015). Profile of HIV-Infected Hispanics with Pancytopenia. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 13(1), ijerph13010038. PMC4730429
Journal Article
Cohort Profile: Recruitment cohorts in the neuropsychological substudy of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
Int J Epidemiol
2015
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24771276
The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) is one of the largest and longest running studies of the natural and treated history of HIV disease. The Neuropsychological (NP) substudy was begun in 1988 following reports of significant adverse neurological consequences of HIV disease, including dementia. The goal was to characterize the neuropsychological deficits among individuals with HIV disease, and track the natural history of the neurological complications over time. There were three distinct MACS recruitment stages that focused on different groups of HIV-infected men, or men at risk for infection. Initially, a subcohort was evaluated semi-annually with NP tests but, beginning in 2005, the entire group of MACS participants have had NP examinations biannually, unless closer follow-up was warranted. The participants complete a battery of NP tests, and are classified as either normal, mildly or severely impaired using the Antinori criteria for HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)
10.1093/ije/dyu092
24771276
PMC4681102
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*complications/drug therapy/*physiopathology Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/methods Cognition Disorders/*epidemiology Cohort Studies Dementia/*epidemiology Homosexuality, Male Humans Male Middle Aged Neuropsychological Tests *Patient Selection
Becker JT, Kingsley LA, Molsberry S, Reynolds S, Aronow A, Levine AJ, Martin E, Miller EN, Munro CA, Ragin A, Sacktor N, Selnes OA (2015). Cohort Profile: Recruitment cohorts in the neuropsychological substudy of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Int J Epidemiol, 44(5), 1506-16. PMC4681102
Journal Article
CD41 T cell recovery during suppression of HIV replication: an international comparison of the immunological efficacy of antiretroviral therapy in North America, Asia and Africa
Int J Epidemiol
2015
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25859596
BACKGROUND: Even among HIV-infected patients who fully suppress plasma HIV RNA replication on antiretroviral therapy, genetic (e.g. CCL3L1 copy number), viral (e.g. tropism) and environmental (e.g. chronic exposure to microbial antigens) factors influence CD4 recovery. These factors differ markedly around the world and therefore the expected CD4 recovery during HIV RNA suppression may differ globally. METHODS: We evaluated HIV-infected adults from North America, West Africa, East Africa, Southern Africa and Asia starting non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitorbased regimens containing efavirenz or nevirapine, who achieved at least one HIV RNA level <500/ml in the first year of therapy and observed CD4 changes during HIV RNA suppression. We used a piecewise linear regression to estimate the influence of region of residence on CD4 recovery, adjusting for socio-demographic and clinical characteristics. We observed 28 217 patients from 105 cohorts over 37 825 person-years. RESULTS:
10.1093/ije/dyu271
25859596
PMC4339766
Adult Africa/epidemiology Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage/*immunology/*therapeutic use Asia/epidemiology Benzoxazines/immunology/therapeutic use CD4 Lymphocyte Count/*statistics & numerical data Drug Therapy, Combination Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*immunology Humans Male Nevirapine/immunology/therapeutic use North America/epidemiology RNA, Viral Virus Replication/drug effects/immunology
Geng EH, Neilands TB, Thièbaut R, Bwana MB, Nash D, Moore RD, Wood R, Zannou DM, Althoff KN, Lim PL, Nachega JB, Easterbrook PJ, Kambugu A, Little F, Nakigozi G, Nakanjako D, Kiggundu V, Ki Li PC, Bangsberg DR, Fox MP, Prozesky H, Hunt PW, Davies MA, Reynolds SJ, Egger M, Yiannoutsos CT, Vittinghoff EV, Deeks SG, Martin JN (2015). CD41 T cell recovery during suppression of HIV replication: an international comparison of the immunological efficacy of antiretroviral therapy in North America, Asia and Africa. Int J Epidemiol, 44(1), 251-63. PMC4339766
Journal Article
DNA-Encoded Chromatin Structural Intron Boundary Signals Identify Conserved Genes with Common Function
Int J Genomics
2015
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25861617
The regulation of metazoan gene expression occurs in part by pre-mRNA splicing into mature RNAs. Signals affecting the efficiency and specificity with which introns are removed have not been completely elucidated. Splicing likely occurs cotranscriptionally, with chromatin structure playing a key regulatory role. We calculated DNA encoded nucleosome occupancy likelihood (NOL) scores at the boundaries between introns and exons across five metazoan species. We found that (i) NOL scores reveal a sequence-based feature at the introns on both sides of the intron-exon boundary; (ii) this feature is not part of any recognizable consensus sequence; (iii) this feature is conserved throughout metazoa; (iv) this feature is enriched in genes sharing similar functions: ATPase activity, ATP binding, helicase activity, and motor activity; (v) genes with these functions exhibit different genomic characteristics; (vi) in vivo nucleosome positioning data confirm ontological enrichment at this feature; an
10.1155/2015/167578
25861617
PMC4377520
Fincher JA, Tyson GS, Dennis JH (2015). DNA-Encoded Chromatin Structural Intron Boundary Signals Identify Conserved Genes with Common Function. Int J Genomics, 2015(), 167578. PMC4377520
Journal Article
Time trend analysis of cervical high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) in HIV-infected women in an urban cohort from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: the rise of non-16/18 HPV
Int J Infect Dis
2015
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26518062
OBJECTIVES: HIV-infected women are at increased risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Time trends in annual prevalences of cervical high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) genotypes among a non-vaccinated, HIV-infected female cohort in urban Brazil were assessed for the period 2006-2012. METHODS: Cervical specimens were collected for HPV genotyping yearly between January 2006 and December 2012 in a cross-sectional analysis of participants aged >/=18 years enrolled in the Women's HIV Cohort at Fiocruz in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Age-adjusted generalized estimating equation models with an exchangeable matrix were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for annual HPV positivity (reference year: 2006). RESULTS: Among the 590 participants, the median age across all study years ranged from 35.5 to 40.0 years. The prevalence of any HR-HPV was >/=53% every year; prevalences of HR-HPV 16, 58, 59, and 68 were >/=24% in at least 1 year. The odds of HPV 16 and 6
10.1016/j.ijid.2015.10.017
26518062
PMC4697734
Adult Brazil/epidemiology Cohort Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Female Genotype HIV Infections/*complications/*epidemiology Humans Middle Aged Odds Ratio Papillomaviridae/genetics Papillomavirus Infections/*complications/*epidemiology Prevalence Risk Factors Time Factors Urban Population Cervical HPV Epidemiology Hiv HPV vaccine High-risk HPV Women
Cambou MC, Levi JE, Lake JE, de Andrade A, Jalil EM, Russomano F, Derrico M, Veloso VG, Friedman RK, Luz PM, Grinsztejn B (2015). Time trend analysis of cervical high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) in HIV-infected women in an urban cohort from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: the rise of non-16/18 HPV. Int J Infect Dis, 41(), 17-20. PMC4697734
Journal Article
NIHMS740276
The Impact of Marijuana Use on the Successful Aging of HIV-Infected Adults
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2015
1-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25647530
OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of self-reported marijuana use on the components of successful aging of HIV-infected persons. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of 45- to 65-year-old HIV-infected subjects on antiretroviral therapy >6 months with undetectable HIV-1 viral load. Successful aging was defined as absence of disease, adequate physical function, high quality of life (QOL), and social engagement. Clinical characteristics, physical function assessments, and QOL from short form 36 were compared between groups defined by self-reported recent marijuana use (RMU), adjusted for tobacco use, CD4 T-cell count, and time since HIV diagnosis, using logistic or linear regression for binary or continuous measures. RESULTS: 93 of 359 total subjects (26%) reported RMU. Demographically, patients reporting RMU had been diagnosed with HIV less recently [14 (13-16) vs 11 (10-12) years], reported smoking (48% vs 25%) and lower income (92% vs 80%) with greater prevalence than non-RMU patients; other
10.1097/QAI.0000000000000562
25647530
PMC4446237
Aged *Aging Anti-Retroviral Agents/*therapeutic use Cross-Sectional Studies Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*psychology Human Activities Humans Male *Marijuana Smoking Mental Health Middle Aged Quality of Life Survival Analysis
Allshouse AA, MaWhinney S, Jankowski CM, Kohrt WM, Campbell TB, Erlandson KM (2015). The Impact of Marijuana Use on the Successful Aging of HIV-Infected Adults. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 69(2), 187-92. PMC4446237
Journal Article
NIHMS658146
Brief Report: Gonorrhea and Chlamydia Testing Increasing but Still Lagging in HIV Clinics in the United States
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2015
1-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26068721
Screening persons living with HIV for gonorrhea and chlamydia has been recommended since 2003. We compared annual gonorrhea/chlamydia testing to syphilis and lipid testing among 19,368 adults (41% men who have sex with men, 30% heterosexual men, and 29% women) engaged in HIV care. In 2004, 22%, 62%, and 70% of all patients were tested for gonorrhea/chlamydia, syphilis, and lipid levels, respectively. Despite increasing steadily [odds ratio per year (95% confidence interval): 1.14 (1.13 to 1.15)], gonorrhea/chlamydia testing in 2010 remained lower than syphilis and lipid testing (39%, 77%, 76%, respectively). Interventions to improve gonorrhea/chlamydia screening are needed. A more targeted screening approach may be warranted.
10.1097/QAI.0000000000000711
26068721
PMC4607588
Adolescent Adult Ambulatory Care Facilities Chlamydia Chlamydia Infections/complications/*diagnosis/epidemiology Female Gonorrhea/complications/*diagnosis/epidemiology HIV Infections/*complications Humans Male Middle Aged United States/epidemiology Young Adult
Berry SA, Ghanem KG, Mathews WC, Korthuis PT, Yehia BR, Agwu AL, Lehmann CU, Moore RD, Allen SL, Gebo KA; HIV Research Network (2015). Brief Report: Gonorrhea and Chlamydia Testing Increasing but Still Lagging in HIV Clinics in the United States. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 70(3), 275-9. PMC4607588
Journal Article
NIHMS694941
Gender-Related Risk Factors Improve Mortality Predictive Ability of VACS Index Among HIV-Infected Women
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2015
15-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26284531
BACKGROUND: Adding gender-related modifiable characteristics or behaviors to the Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS) index might improve the accuracy of predicting mortality among HIV-infected women on treatment. We evaluated the VACS index in women with HIV, determined whether additional variables would improve mortality prediction, and quantified the potential for improved survival associated with reduction in these additional risk factors. METHODS: The VACS index (based on age, CD4 count, HIV-1 RNA, hemoglobin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, platelets, creatinine, and Hepatitis C status) was validated in HIV-infected women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) who initiated antiretroviral therapy between January 1996 and December 2007. Models were constructed adding race, depression, abuse, smoking, substance use, transactional sex, and comorbidities to determine whether predictability improved. Population attributable fractions were calculated. RESULTS:
10.1097/QAI.0000000000000795
26284531
PMC4644433
Aged Aging Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active CD4 Lymphocyte Count Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*mortality Humans Middle Aged Risk Factors Sex Factors
Cohen MH, Hotton AL, Hershow RC, Levine A, Bacchetti P, Golub ET, Anastos K, Young M, Gustafson D, Weber KM (2015). Gender-Related Risk Factors Improve Mortality Predictive Ability of VACS Index Among HIV-Infected Women. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 70(5), 538-44. PMC4644433
Journal Article
Impact of hepatitis coinfection on healthcare utilization among persons living with HIV
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2015
1-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25559601
10.1097/QAI.0000000000000490
25559601
PMC4336227
Adolescent Adult Aged Coinfection/*therapy Female HIV Infections/complications/*therapy Hepatitis B, Chronic/complications/*therapy Hepatitis C, Chronic/complications/*therapy Hospitalization/*statistics & numerical data Humans Male Mental Health Services/*statistics & numerical data Middle Aged United States Young Adult: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection are increasingly important sources of morbidity among HIV-infected persons. We determined associations between hepatitis coinfection and healthcare utilization among HIV-infected adults at 4 US sites during 2006-2011. Outpatient HIV visits did not differ by hepatitis serostatus and decreased over time. Mental health visits were more common among HIV/HCV coinfected persons than among HIV monoinfected persons [incidence rate ratio (IRR): 1.27, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08 to 1.50]. Hospitalization rates were higher among all hepatitis-infected groups than among HIV monoinfected (HIV/HBV: IRR: 1.23, 95
Crowell TA, Berry SA, Fleishman JA, LaRue RW, Korthuis PT, Nijhawan AE, Moore RD, Gebo KA; HIV Research Network (2015). Impact of hepatitis coinfection on healthcare utilization among persons living with HIV. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 68(4), 425-31. PMC4336227
Journal Article
NIHMS650907
Risk of breast cancer with CXCR4-using HIV defined by V3 loop sequencing
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2015
1-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25321183
OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the risk of female breast cancer associated with HIV-CXCR4 (X4) tropism as determined by various genotypic measures. METHODS: A breast cancer case-control study, with pairwise comparisons of tropism determination methods, was conducted. From the Women's Interagency HIV Study repository, one stored plasma specimen was selected from 25 HIV-infected cases near the breast cancer diagnosis date and 75 HIV-infected control women matched for age and calendar date. HIV-gp120 V3 sequences were derived by Sanger population sequencing (PS) and 454-pyro deep sequencing (DS). Sequencing-based HIV-X4 tropism was defined using the geno2pheno algorithm, with both high-stringency DS [false-positive rate (3.5) and 2% X4 cutoff], and lower stringency DS (false-positive rate, 5.75 and 15% X4 cutoff). Concordance of tropism results by PS, DS, and previously performed phenotyping was assessed with kappa (kappa) statistics. Case-control comparisons used exact P values and conditional logi
10.1097/QAI.0000000000000400
25321183
PMC4262599
Adult Breast Neoplasms/complications/*genetics Case-Control Studies Female *Genetic Predisposition to Disease HIV/genetics/*physiology HIV Infections/*complications Humans Middle Aged Receptors, CXCR4/*genetics
Goedert JJ, Swenson LC, Napolitano LA, Haddad M, Anastos K, Minkoff H, Young M, Levine A, Adeyemi O, Seaberg EC, Aouizerat B, Rabkin CS, Harrigan PR, Hessol NA (2015). Risk of breast cancer with CXCR4-using HIV defined by V3 loop sequencing. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 68(1), 30-5. PMC4262599
Journal Article
Osteoprotegerin, but Not Receptor Activator for Nuclear Factor-kappaB Ligand, is Associated With Subclinical Coronary Atherosclerosis in HIV-Infected Men
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2015
1-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26090754
CONTEXT: Abnormalities in the osteoprotegerin (OPG)/receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL) axis have been observed in HIV-infected persons and have been implicated in cardiovascular disease (CVD) pathogenesis in the general population. OBJECTIVE: To determine associations of serum OPG and RANKL concentrations with HIV infection and subclinical atherosclerosis. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study nested within the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. SETTING: Four US academic medical centers. PARTICIPANTS: There were 578 HIV-infected and 344 HIV-uninfected men. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Coronary artery calcium (CAC) was measured by noncontrast cardiac computed tomography, and coronary stenosis and plaque characteristics (composition, presence, and extent) were measured by coronary computed tomography angiography. All statistical models were adjusted for traditional CVD risk factors. RESULTS: OPG concentrations were higher, and RANKL concentrations were lower among HIV-infected men
10.1097/QAI.0000000000000725
26090754
PMC4624468
Academic Medical Centers Adult Aged Biomarkers/*blood Calcium/analysis Cohort Studies Coronary Artery Disease/*epidemiology/*pathology Coronary Vessels/pathology Cross-Sectional Studies HIV Infections/*complications Heart/diagnostic imaging Humans Male Middle Aged Osteoprotegerin/*blood RANK Ligand/*blood Tomography, X-Ray Computed United States
Ketlogetswe KS, McKibben R, Jacobson LP, Li X, Dobs AS, Budoff M, Witt MD, Palella FJ Jr, Kingsley L, Margolick JB, Post WS, Brown TT (2015). Osteoprotegerin, but Not Receptor Activator for Nuclear Factor-kappaB Ligand, is Associated With Subclinical Coronary Atherosclerosis in HIV-Infected Men. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 70(4), 362-9. PMC4624468
Journal Article
NIHMS710397
Oral Lopinavir Use and Human Papillomavirus Infection in HIV-Positive Women
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2015
1-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26181819
10.1097/QAI.0000000000000752
26181819
PMC4573346
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage/therapeutic use Female HIV Infections/*complications/*drug therapy Humans Lopinavir/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use *Papillomaviridae Papillomavirus Infections/*complications Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/virology
Lahiri CD, Dugan KB, Xie X, Reimers L, Burk RD, Anastos K, Massad LS, Eltoum IE, Xue X, DʼSouza G, Flowers L, Palefsky JM, Rahangdale L, Strickler HD, Ofotokun I (2015). Oral Lopinavir Use and Human Papillomavirus Infection in HIV-Positive Women. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 70(2), e63-6. PMC4573346
Journal Article
Accelerated Longitudinal Gait Speed Decline in HIV-Infected Older Men
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2015
1-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26102450
BACKGROUND: Gait speed predicts functional decline, disability, and death and is considered a biomarker of biological aging. Changes in gait speed in persons aging with HIV may provide an important method of gauging health and longevity in an under assessed population. The objective of this study was to evaluate and quantify the rate of gait speed decline in HIV-infected (HIV(+)) men compared with HIV-uninfected (HIV(-)) men. METHODS: The study was nested in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. The primary outcome was usual gait speed in meters per second measured between 2007 and 2013. Differences in the rate of gait speed decline and the incidence of clinically slow gait (<1.0 m/s) were assessed using multivariate linear regression models and Cox proportional hazards models, respectively. RESULTS: A total of 2025 men (973 HIV(+) and 1052 HIV(-)) aged 40 years and older contributed 21,187 person-visits (9955 HIV(+) and 11,232 HIV(-)) to the analysis. Average gait speeds at the age 50 ye
10.1097/QAI.0000000000000731
26102450
PMC4624470
Adult Aged Aging/*physiology Cohort Studies Gait Disorders, Neurologic/*epidemiology/*pathology HIV Infections/*complications Humans Incidence Male Middle Aged
Schrack JA, Althoff KN, Jacobson LP, Erlandson KM, Jamieson BD, Koletar SL, Phair J, Ferrucci L, Brown TT, Margolick JB; Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Accelerated Longitudinal Gait Speed Decline in HIV-Infected Older Men (2015). Accelerated Longitudinal Gait Speed Decline in HIV-Infected Older Men. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 70(4), 370-6. PMC4624470
Journal Article
Increased Fracture Incidence in Middle-Aged HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Women: Updated Results From the Women's Interagency HIV Study
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2015
1-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26322667
BACKGROUND: We previously reported that fracture incidence rates did not differ by HIV status among predominantly premenopausal Women's Interagency HIV Study participants. We now conduct a follow-up study with 5 additional observation years to further characterize fracture risk associated with HIV infection in women as they age. METHODS: We measured time to first new fracture at any site in 2375 (1713 HIV-infected and 662 HIV-uninfected) Women's Interagency HIV Study participants, with median 10-year follow-up. Fractures were self-reported semiannually. Proportional hazards models assessed predictors of incident fracture. RESULTS: At index visit, HIV-infected women were older [median age of 40 years (IQR: 34-46) vs. 35 (27-43), P < 0.0001] and more likely to be postmenopausal, hepatitis C virus infected, and weigh less than HIV-uninfected women. Among HIV-infected women, mean CD4 count was 480 cells per microliter and 63% were taking highly active antiretroviral therapy. Unadjusted inc
10.1097/QAI.0000000000000674
26322667
PMC4557627
Adult Cohort Studies Female Follow-Up Studies Fractures, Bone/*epidemiology HIV Infections/*complications Humans Incidence Middle Aged Prospective Studies Risk Factors
Sharma A, Shi Q, Hoover DR, Anastos K, Tien PC, Young MA, Cohen MH, Golub ET, Gustafson D, Yin MT (2015). Increased Fracture Incidence in Middle-Aged HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Women: Updated Results From the Women's Interagency HIV Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 70(1), 54-61. PMC4557627
Journal Article
Adherence and HIV RNA Suppression in the Current Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2015
1-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25886923
BACKGROUND: We examined trends in adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and HIV RNA suppression and estimated the minimum cutoff of adherence to newer HAART formulations needed for HIV RNA suppression by regimen type. METHODS: We used Veterans Affairs pharmacy dispensing data from the Veterans Aging Cohort Study Virtual Cohort between October 2000 and September 2010 and defined adherence as the duration of time the patient had the medications available, relative to the total number of days between refills for all antiretrovirals in a year. Temporal trends in adherence and viral load suppression were examined by the patient's most frequently used HAART regimen in the year. The minimum needed adherence was defined as the level at which the odds of suppression was not significantly different than that observed with >/= 95% adherence using repeated-measures logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 21,865 HAART users contributed 82,217 person-years of follow-up. There wa
10.1097/QAI.0000000000000643
25886923
PMC4482798
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy Humans Male *Medication Adherence Middle Aged RNA, Viral/*blood Sensitivity and Specificity
Viswanathan S, Justice AC, Alexander GC, Brown TT, Gandhi NR, McNicholl IR, Rimland D, Rodriguez-Barradas MC, Jacobson LP (2015). Adherence and HIV RNA Suppression in the Current Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 69(4), 493-8. PMC4482798
Journal Article
NIHMS677728
Impact of age on retention in care and viral suppression
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2015
1-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25559604
BACKGROUND: Retention in care is important for all HIV-infected persons and is strongly associated with initiation of antiretroviral therapy and viral suppression. However, it is unclear how retention in care and age interact to affect viral suppression. We evaluated whether the association between retention and viral suppression differed by age at entry into care. METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis (2006-2010) involving 17,044 HIV-infected adults in 14 clinical cohorts across the United States and Canada. Patients contributed 1 year of data during their first full-calendar year of clinical observation. Poisson regression examined associations between retention measures [US National HIV/AIDS Strategy (NHAS), US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), 6-month gap, and 3-month visit constancy] and viral suppression (HIV RNA </=200 copies/mL) by age group: 18-29 years, 30-39 years, 40-49 years, 50-59 years, and 60 years or older. RESULTS: Overall, 89% of patients were retained in c
10.1097/QAI.0000000000000489
25559604
PMC4334738
Adolescent Adult Age Factors Aged Aged, 80 and over Canada Cross-Sectional Studies Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*virology Humans Male *Medication Adherence Middle Aged United States *Viral Load Young Adult
Yehia BR, Rebeiro P, Althoff KN, Agwu AL, Horberg MA, Samji H, Napravnik S, Mayer K, Tedaldi E, Silverberg MJ, Thorne JE, Burchell AN, Rourke SB, Rachlis A, Mayor A, Gill MJ, Zinski A, Ohl M, Anastos K, Abraham AG, Kitahata MM, Moore RD, Gebo KA; North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD) (2015). Impact of age on retention in care and viral suppression. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 68(4), 413-9. PMC4334738
Journal Article
Cocaine Abstinence and Reduced Use Associated With Lowered Marker of Endothelial Dysfunction in African Americans: A Preliminary Study
J Addict Med
2015
Jul-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26164164
OBJECTIVES: Clinical and epidemiological evidence suggests that cocaine use is associated with an increased risk of premature atherosclerosis. The objectives of this study were to explore (1) whether cocaine abstinence is associated with a reduced marker of endothelial dysfunction, (2) whether cocaine abstinence is associated with a slower coronary plaque progression, and (3) whether reduction in cocaine use is associated with a reduced marker of endothelial dysfunction in African American chronic cocaine users with contrast-enhanced coronary CT angiography-confirmed less than 50% coronary stenosis. METHODS: Between March and June 2014, a total of 57 African American cocaine users with contrast-enhanced CT angiography-confirmed less than 50% coronary stenosis in Baltimore, Maryland, were enrolled in a 6-month follow-up study to investigate whether cocaine abstinence or reduction in cocaine use is associated with decreased endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels and coronary plaque progression at th
10.1097/ADM.0000000000000140
26164164
PMC4711371
Adult African Americans Biomarkers Cocaine-Related Disorders/blood/diagnostic imaging/*rehabilitation Coronary Vessels/diagnostic imaging Endothelin-1/*blood Endothelium, Vascular/*diagnostic imaging Female HIV Infections/blood/diagnostic imaging Humans Male Middle Aged Plaque, Atherosclerotic/diagnostic imaging Radiography Vascular Diseases/blood/diagnostic imaging/*prevention & control
Lai H, Stitzer M, Treisman G, Moore R, Brinker J, Gerstenblith G, Kickler TS, Li J, Chen S, Fishman E, Lai S (2015). Cocaine Abstinence and Reduced Use Associated With Lowered Marker of Endothelial Dysfunction in African Americans: A Preliminary Study. J Addict Med, 9(4), 331-9. PMC4711371
Journal Article
NIHMS749761
Development of IgG Mediated Antibody Dependent Cell-mediated Cytotoxicity (ADCC) in the Serum and Genital Mucosa of HIV Seroconverters
J AIDS Clin Res
2015
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26798561
BACKGROUND: We measured antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity in serum and genital fluids of heterosexually exposed women during HIV seroconversion. METHODS: Plasma and cervico-vaginal lavage (CVL) fluid from 11 seroconverters (SC) were analyzed biannually from one year pre- to 6 year post-seroconversion using a (51)Cr-release assay to measure HIV-1 gp120 specific ADCC. RESULTS: No SC had significant HIV specific CVL ADCC activity before seroconversion or until 1.5 yr after seroconversion. One individual had a %Specific Release (SR) of 25.4 at 2 years, 26.7 at 3 years and 21.0 at 4 years after seroconversion in CVL. Another sample had 4.7% SR at 2 years, 5.3 at 3 years, 10.9 at 4 years, and 8.4 at 5 years after seroconversion in CVL. A third had no activity until 17% SR 5 years after seroconversion in CVL. A fourth showed activity of 36.5% SR at 6.5 years after seroconversion. Seven women had no ADCC activity in their CVL. Paired serum samples showed HIV specifi
10.4172/2155-6113.1000479
26798561
PMC4718584
Antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity Hiv Seroconverters Women
Aziz M, Mahmood F, Mata M, Durkin HG, Liu C, Greenblatt RM, Nowicki M, Golub ET, Anastos K, French AL, Baum LL (2015). Development of IgG Mediated Antibody Dependent Cell-mediated Cytotoxicity (ADCC) in the Serum and Genital Mucosa of HIV Seroconverters. J AIDS Clin Res, 6(7), . PMC4718584
Journal Article
Women want Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis but are Advised Against it by Their HIV-positive Counterparts
J AIDS Clin Res
2015
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27019765
OBJECTIVES: The latest advancement in HIV prevention, Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP), could reduce incidence among women. However, PrEP uptake has remained low among US women since its approval in 2012, while use has increased among men who have sex with men. This study addresses women's knowledge, attitudes and potential behaviors regarding PrEP. While HIV-negative women are the potential users of antiretroviral (ARV) medications for PrEP, HIV-positive women who have used ARVs could contribute immensely to our understanding of the complexities related to taking such medications. This study is the first to synthesize the opinions of both groups of women. METHODS: We conducted eight focus group discussions, segregated by sero-status; four with at-risk HIV-negative (20) and four with HIV-positive (19) women in Washington DC during 2014. Topics discussed include PrEP awareness, likelihood of use, barriers and target populations. RESULTS: PrEP awareness was almost non-existent and the HIV
10.4172/2155-6113.1000522
27019765
PMC4807623
Hiv Pre-exposure prophylaxis Prevention United States Women
Goparaju L, Experton LS, Praschan NC, Warren-Jeanpiere L, Young MA, Kassaye S (2015). Women want Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis but are Advised Against it by Their HIV-positive Counterparts. J AIDS Clin Res, 6(11), 10-Jan. PMC4807623
Journal Article
Direct and Indirect Serum Markers of Liver Fibrosis Compared with Transient Elastography among Women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study
J AIDS Clin Res
2015
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26251759
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the test characteristics of direct and indirect biomarkers for liver fibrosis compared with transient elastography (TE) among a group of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and uninfected women with or without Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. METHODS: Women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) from Washington DC, San Francisco, and Chicago with a body mass index (BMI)<35 underwent liver stiffness measurement using TE between October, 2010 and September, 2012. Serum samples were tested for hyaluronic acid to calculate the SHASTA and aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI). Receiver operator characteristics (ROC) of significant liver fibrosis (liver stiffness >/= 7.1 kPa by TE, correlating with a METAVIR fibrosis score of F2-F4) predicted by SHASTA and APRI were compared. RESULTS: Among 308 women, the median age was 48 years, BMI was 25.6, 67% were non-Hispanic black, 27% HCV+, and 78% HIV+. The
10.4172/2155-6113.1000446
26251759
PMC4524652
Apri Biomarkers Hcv Hiv Shasta Transient elastography Wihs Women
Kassaye S, Li Y, Huhn G, Peters MG, French AL, Tien PC, Luxon B, Plankey MW (2015). Direct and Indirect Serum Markers of Liver Fibrosis Compared with Transient Elastography among Women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. J AIDS Clin Res, 6(4), . PMC4524652
Journal Article
Echolucency of the carotid artery intima-media complex and intima-media thickness have different cardiovascular risk factor relationships: the Women's Interagency HIV Study
J Am Heart Assoc
2015
19-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25699995
BACKGROUND: Adults infected with HIV have increased atherosclerosis potentially associated with both HIV and non-HIV associated factors. We characterized risk factors for atherosclerosis as measured by noninvasive vascular imaging. METHODS AND RESULTS: We used B-mode ultrasound to examine levels and correlates of echogenicity and vessel wall thickness of the carotid artery intima-media complex in 1282 HIV-infected and 510 HIV-uninfected women of the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Levels of gray scale median (GSM, a measure of echogenicity) did not vary between HIV infection groups. In both groups, smokers had increased GSM, whereas age, diabetes, elevated blood pressure, and high BMI were associated with lower (rather than higher) GSM. Each of these non-lipid CVD risk factors, especially age and blood pressure, was also associated with higher levels of carotid artery intima-media thickness (cIMT). Higher serum triglyceride levels were associated with lower GSM in both HIV-infected and
10.1161/JAHA.114.001405
25699995
PMC4345869
Adult Age Factors Atherosclerosis/diagnostic imaging/epidemiology/immunology Blood Pressure Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology/*etiology/immunology Carotid Arteries/*diagnostic imaging/pathology *Carotid Intima-Media Thickness/statistics & numerical data Cholesterol, HDL/blood Cholesterol, LDL/blood Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology/immunology Female HIV Infections/*complications/epidemiology/immunology Humans Middle Aged Risk Factors *Women carotid arteries epidemiology immune system ultrasonics
Jung M, Parrinello CM, Xue X, Mack WJ, Anastos K, Lazar JM, Selzer RH, Shircore AM, Plankey M, Tien P, Cohen M, Gange SJ, Hodis HN, Kaplan RC (2015). Echolucency of the carotid artery intima-media complex and intima-media thickness have different cardiovascular risk factor relationships: the Women's Interagency HIV Study. J Am Heart Assoc, 4(2), . PMC4345869
Journal Article
Frailty, Inflammation, and Mortality Among Persons Aging With HIV Infection and Injection Drug Use
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci
2015
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26386010
BACKGROUND: Serum markers of inflammation increase with age and have been strongly associated with adverse clinical outcomes among both HIV-infected and uninfected adults. Yet, limited data exist on the predictive and clinical utility of aggregate measures of inflammation. This study sought to evaluate the relationship of a recently validated aggregate inflammatory index with frailty and mortality among aging HIV-infected and uninfected injection drug users. METHODS: Frailty was assessed among HIV-infected and uninfected participants in the AIDS Linked to the IntraVenous Experience (ALIVE) cohort study using the five Fried phenotypic criteria: weight loss, exhaustion, low physical activity, decreased grip strength, and slow gait. The aggregate inflammatory index was constructed from serum measures of interleukin-6 and soluble tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptor-1. Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the relationship of frailty with inflammation. Cox proportional hazards
10.1093/gerona/glv107
26386010
PMC4643614
Adult Aged Aging Female Frail Elderly HIV Infections/blood/*complications/*mortality Humans Inflammation/blood/*complications Interleukin-6/blood Male Middle Aged Prospective Studies Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/blood Substance Abuse, Intravenous/blood/*complications/*mortality Frailty Hiv Inflammation Injection drug use Mortality
Piggott DA, Varadhan R, Mehta SH, Brown TT, Li H, Walston JD, Leng SX, Kirk GD (2015). Frailty, Inflammation, and Mortality Among Persons Aging With HIV Infection and Injection Drug Use. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 70(12), 1542-7. PMC4643614
Journal Article
Regulatory T cells, frailty, and immune activation in men who have sex with men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci
2015
Dec-15
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26297938
BACKGROUND: Both HIV infection and frailty have been associated with chronic immune activation. One possible explanation for this chronic immune activation could be low levels of CD4(+) T regulatory cells (Tregs), which suppress immune responses. METHODS: HIV-uninfected (HIV-) and HIV-infected (HIV+) men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) were classified as frail (or nonfrail) if they expressed (or did not express) the Fried frailty phenotype at two consecutive study visits. Percentages and absolute numbers of total Tregs, and percentages of different subsets of Tregs and of activated T cells were measured by flow cytometry. The function of Tregs was measured by suppression of T-cell proliferation. RESULTS: Percentages of Tregs were higher, rather than lower, in frail men than in nonfrail men, and this difference was significant for HIV- men. Percentages of subsets of Tregs did not differ significantly by frailty status. Among HIV+ men, the suppressive function of Tregs was si
10.1093/gerona/glv132
26297938
PMC4751226
activation AIDS Baltimore cells cohort Cohort Studies cohort study correlation Flow Cytometry health Hiv HIV infection immune immune activation immune response immunology infection MACS Maryland methods microbiology multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Phenotype Public Health response sex study t cell t-cells
Zhang W, Nilles TL, Johnson JR, Margolick JB (2015). Regulatory T cells, frailty, and immune activation in men who have sex with men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 70(12), 1533-1541. PMC4751226
Journal Article
Leptin, Adiponectin and Cognition in Middle-aged HIV-infected and Uninfected Women. The Brooklyn Women's Interagency HIV Study
J Gerontol Geriatr Res
2015
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27536467
CONTEXT: Case-control study of women with and without HIV infection. OBJECTIVE: To explore the association of cognition and the adipokines, leptin and adiponectin (total; high molecular weight, HMW), in women with (HIV+) and without HIV (HIV-) infection. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analyses of adipokines and cognition using linear regression models of log-transformed adipokines, and Trails A, Trails B, Stroop interference time, Stroop word recall, Stroop color naming and reading, and Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) with consideration for age, HIV infection status, education, CD4 count, diabetes, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and race/ethnicity. SETTING: Brooklyn, NY. PARTICIPANTS: 354 participants (247 HIV+, 107 HIV-), in the Brooklyn Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), average age 38.9 years, with measured levels of leptin and adiponectin (total and high molecular weight, HMW). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Cognition. RESULTS: Higher levels of leptin were positively associ
10.4172/2167-7182.1000240
27536467
PMC4984413
Adipokine Adiponectin Cognition Hiv Leptin Obesity Overweight Women
Gustafson DR, Mielke MM, Keating SA, Holman S, Minkoff H, Crystal HA (2015). Leptin, Adiponectin and Cognition in Middle-aged HIV-infected and Uninfected Women. The Brooklyn Women's Interagency HIV Study. J Gerontol Geriatr Res, 4(5), . PMC4984413
Journal Article
Comparison of functional variants in IFNL4 and IFNL3 for association with HCV clearance
J Hepatol
2015
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26186989
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Genetic polymorphisms within the interferon lambda (IFN-lambda) region are strongly associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) clearance; the IFNL4-DeltaG/TT (rs368234815) polymorphism, which controls the generation of IFN-lambda4 protein, is more strongly associated with HCV clearance than rs12979860 (the 'IL28B variant'). An IFNL3 3' untranslated region polymorphism (rs4803217) has been proposed as a causal variant that may affect HCV clearance by altering IFNL3 mRNA stability. METHODS: We compared IFNL4-DeltaG/TT and rs4803217 for association with response to pegylated-IFN-alpha/ribavirin in the VIRAHEP-C and HALT-C trials, and spontaneous HCV clearance in the ALIVE, UHS and WIHS studies. Genotyping was performed with TaqMan assays. We compared differences in mean reduction in HCV RNA levels by genotype and haplotype. For HCV clearance, we calculated p-values comparing c-statistics for IFNL4-DeltaG/TT and rs4803217 genotypes by a bootstrap approach. RESULTS: Among Eu
10.1016/j.jhep.2015.06.035
26186989
PMC4615534
Alleles Antiviral Agents Female Genotype Hepacivirus/drug effects/*genetics Hepatitis C, Chronic/drug therapy/*genetics/metabolism Humans Interferons Interleukins/*genetics/metabolism Male Middle Aged *Polymorphism, Genetic RNA, Viral/*genetics Genetics Ifnl3 Ifnl4 Il28b Innate immunity Interferon lambda Treatment Viral clearance
O'Brien TR, Pfeiffer RM, Paquin A, Lang Kuhs KA, Chen S, Bonkovsky HL, Edlin BR, Howell CD, Kirk GD, Kuniholm MH, Morgan TR, Strickler HD, Thomas DL, Prokunina-Olsson L (2015). Comparison of functional variants in IFNL4 and IFNL3 for association with HCV clearance. J Hepatol, 63(5), 1103-10. PMC4615534
Journal Article
CD40L induces functional tunneling nanotube networks exclusively in dendritic cells programmed by mediators of type 1 immunity
J Immunol
2015
1-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25548234
The ability of dendritic cells (DC) to mediate CD4(+) T cell help for cellular immunity is guided by instructive signals received during DC maturation, as well as the resulting pattern of DC responsiveness to the Th signal, CD40L. Furthermore, the professional transfer of antigenic information from migratory DC to lymph node-residing DC is critical for the effective induction of cellular immune responses. In this study we report that, in addition to their enhanced IL-12p70 producing capacity, human DC matured in the presence of inflammatory mediators of type 1 immunity are uniquely programmed to form networks of tunneling nanotube-like structures in response to CD40L-expressing Th cells or rCD40L. This immunologic process of DC reticulation facilitates intercellular trafficking of endosome-associated vesicles and Ag, but also pathogens such HIV-1, and is regulated by the opposing roles of IFN-gamma and IL-4. The initiation of DC reticulation represents a novel helper function of CD40L
10.4049/jimmunol.1401832
25548234
PMC4297732
Biological Transport CD40 Ligand/*metabolism/pharmacology Cell Communication Cells, Cultured Coculture Techniques Dendritic Cells/drug effects/*immunology/*metabolism/microbiology/virology Humans Inflammation Mediators/metabolism Lymphocyte Activation/immunology Signal Transduction T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology/metabolism T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology/metabolism
Zaccard CR, Watkins SC, Kalinski P, Fecek RJ, Yates AL, Salter RD, Ayyavoo V, Rinaldo CR, Mailliard RB (2015). CD40L induces functional tunneling nanotube networks exclusively in dendritic cells programmed by mediators of type 1 immunity. J Immunol, 194(3), 1047-56. PMC4297732
Journal Article
Kidney Dysfunction and Markers of Inflammation in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
J Infect Dis
2015
1-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25762788
BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals are at higher risk for chronic kidney disease than HIV-uninfected individuals. We investigated whether the inflammation present in treated HIV infection contributes to kidney dysfunction among HIV-infected men receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. METHODS: The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was directly measured (using iohexol) along with 12 markers of inflammation in Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study participants. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify inflammatory processes related to kidney dysfunction. The estimated levels of these inflammatory processes were used in adjusted logistic regression analyses evaluating cross-sectional associations with kidney function outcomes. RESULTS: There were 434 HIV-infected men receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy and 200 HIV-uninfected men. HIV-infected men were younger (median age, 51 vs 53 years) and had higher urine protein-creatinine ratios (medi
10.1093/infdis/jiv159
25762788
PMC4559190
Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Biomarkers/analysis Cohort Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Factor Analysis, Statistical Glomerular Filtration Rate HIV Infections/*complications/*drug therapy Homosexuality, Male Humans Inflammation/complications/diagnosis Male Middle Aged Odds Ratio Prospective Studies Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/*etiology/physiopathology Risk Factors HIV infection chronic kidney disease immune activation inflammatory markers
Abraham AG, Darilay A, McKay H, Margolick JB, Estrella MM, Palella FJ Jr, Bolan R, Rinaldo CR, Jacobson LP (2015). Kidney Dysfunction and Markers of Inflammation in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. J Infect Dis, 212(7), 1100-10. PMC4559190
Journal Article
High Oral Human Papillomavirus Type 16 Load Predicts Long-term Persistence in Individuals With or at Risk for HIV Infection
J Infect Dis
2015
15-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25954049
The association between oral human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) DNA load and infection clearance was evaluated among 88 individuals with oral HPV16 infection who were identified within a prospective cohort of 1470 HIV-infected and uninfected individuals. Oral rinse specimens were collected semiannually for up to 5 years. The oral HPV16 load at the time of the first positive test result was significantly associated with the time to clearance of infection (continuous P trends <.01). Notably, clearance rates by 24 months were 41% and 94% in the highest and lowest HPV16 load tertiles (P = .03), respectively. High oral HPV16 load warrants consideration as a biomarker for infection persistence, the presumed precursor of HPV16-associated oropharyngeal cancer.
10.1093/infdis/jiv273
25954049
PMC4621250
Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/complications Human papillomavirus 16/*isolation & purification Humans Male Middle Aged Mouth Mucosa/*virology Papillomavirus Infections/*epidemiology/*virology Prospective Studies Time Factors *Viral Load Hiv oral HPV oropharyngeal cancer persistence viral load
Beachler DC, Guo Y, Xiao W, Burk RD, Minkoff H, Strickler HD, Cranston RD, Wiley DJ, Jacobson LP, Weber KM, Margolick JB, Sugar EA, Reddy S, Gillison ML, D'Souza G (2015). High Oral Human Papillomavirus Type 16 Load Predicts Long-term Persistence in Individuals With or at Risk for HIV Infection. J Infect Dis, 212(10), 1588-91. PMC4621250
Journal Article
Inflammation in Chronic HIV Infection: What Can We Do?
J Infect Dis
2015
1-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25583171
10.1093/infdis/jiv007
25583171
1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase/*immunology Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*immunology HIV Integrase Inhibitors/*therapeutic use Humans Lipopolysaccharide Receptors/*immunology Male Monocytes/*immunology
Erlandson KM, Campbell TB (2015). Inflammation in Chronic HIV Infection: What Can We Do?. J Infect Dis, 212(3), 339-42.
Journal Article
Benefits of PrEP as an Adjunctive Method of HIV Prevention During Attempted Conception Between HIV-uninfected Women and HIV-infected Male Partners
J Infect Dis
2015
15-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26092856
BACKGROUND: Data on effectiveness of preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-uninfected women attempting conception with HIV-infected male partners are limited to observational studies. METHODS: To explore the benefits of PrEP for conception, we developed a model to estimate the average annual probability of a woman remaining HIV-uninfected and having a child ("successful" outcome) via condomless sex with an HIV-infected male. The outcome likelihood is dependent upon parameters defining HIV-1 infectivity. We simulated 2 scenarios: optimal (condomless sex acts limited to the ovulation window), and suboptimal (acts not limited to ovulation). RESULTS: In the optimal scenario when the male is on antiretroviral therapy (ART), the average annual probability of the successful outcome is 29.1%, increasing to 29.2% with the addition of PrEP (P = .45). In the suboptimal scenario, the probability is 26.8% with ART alone versus 27.3% with ART/PrEP (P < .0001). Older m
10.1093/infdis/jiv305
26092856
PMC4621256
Adolescent Adult Disease Transmission, Infectious/*prevention & control Female Fertilization HIV Infections/*prevention & control/*transmission Humans Male Middle Aged Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis/*methods Pregnancy Treatment Outcome Young Adult antiretroviral therapy mathematical model preexposure prophylaxis safer conception
Hoffman RM, Jaycocks A, Vardavas R, Wagner G, Lake JE, Mindry D, Currier JS, Landovitz RJ (2015). Benefits of PrEP as an Adjunctive Method of HIV Prevention During Attempted Conception Between HIV-uninfected Women and HIV-infected Male Partners. J Infect Dis, 212(10), 1534-43. PMC4621256
Journal Article
HIV-1 Infection Accelerates Age According to the Epigenetic Clock
J Infect Dis
2015
15-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25969563
BACKGROUND: Infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) is associated with clinical symptoms of accelerated aging, as evidenced by the increased incidence and diversity of age-related illnesses at relatively young ages and supporting findings of organ and cellular pathologic analyses. But it has been difficult to detect an accelerated aging effect at a molecular level. METHODS: Here, we used an epigenetic biomarker of aging based on host DNA methylation levels to study accelerated aging effects due to HIV infection. DNA from brain and blood tissue was assayed via the Illumina Infinium Methylation 450 K platform. RESULTS: Using 6 novel DNA methylation data sets, we show that HIV infection leads to an increase in epigenetic age both in brain tissue (7.4 years) and blood (5.2 years). While the observed accelerated aging effects in blood may reflect changes in blood cell composition (notably exhausted cytotoxic T cells), it is less clear what explains the observed accelerated
10.1093/infdis/jiv277
25969563
PMC4621253
Adolescent Adult Aged *Aging Blood Cells/pathology Brain/pathology DNA/chemistry *Epigenesis, Genetic HIV Infections/*pathology/virology HIV-1/*isolation & purification Humans Male Methylation Middle Aged Young Adult DNA methylation Hiv-1 aging biomarker epigenetics
Horvath S, Levine AJ (2015). HIV-1 Infection Accelerates Age According to the Epigenetic Clock. J Infect Dis, 212(10), 1563-73. PMC4621253
Journal Article
Elevated levels of monocyte activation markers are associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in men with and those without HIV infection
J Infect Dis
2015
4/15/2015
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25362192
BACKGROUND: Heightened immune activation among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons may contribute to atherosclerosis. We assessed associations of serologic markers of monocyte activation, soluble CD163 (sCD163) and soluble CD14 (sCD14), and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (CCL2) with subclinical atherosclerosis among men with and those without HIV infection in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. METHODS: We performed noncontrast computed tomography on 906 men (566 HIV-infected men and 340 HIV-uninfected men), 709 of whom also underwent coronary computed tomographic angiography. Associations between each biomarker and the prevalence of coronary plaque, the prevalence of stenosis of >/=50%, and the extent of plaque were assessed by logistic and linear regression, adjusting for age, race, HIV serostatus, and cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS: Levels of all biomarkers were higher among HIV-infected men, of whom 81% had undetectable HIV RNA, and were associated with low
10.1093/infdis/jiu594
25362192
PMC4402336
activation age AIDS Atherosclerosis Baltimore Boston Calcium Chicago cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Disease health Hiv HIV infection Human human immunodeficiency virus Illinois immune immune activation immunodeficiency infection Los Angeles marker markers Maryland methods multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Pennsylvania Pittsburgh population Prevalence Public Health research Risk Risk Factors Rna serostatus study t cell virus
McKibben RA, Margolick JB, Grinspoon S, Li X, Palella FJ Jr, Kingsley LA, Witt MD, George RT, Jacobson LP, Budoff M, Tracy RP, Brown TT, Post WS (2015). Elevated levels of monocyte activation markers are associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in men with and those without HIV infection. J Infect Dis, 211(8), 1219-1228. PMC4402336
Journal Article
CCR5 Expression Levels in HIV-Uninfected Women Receiving Hormonal Contraception
J Infect Dis
2015
1-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25895986
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectivity increases as receptor/coreceptor expression levels increase. We determined peripheral CD4, CCR5, and CXCR4 expression levels in HIV-uninfected women who used depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA; n = 32), the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device (LNG-IUD; n = 27), oral contraceptive pills (n = 32), or no hormonal contraception (n = 33). The use of LNG-IUD increased the proportion of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells that expressed CCR5; increases in the magnitude of T-cell subset CCR5 expression were observed with DMPA and LNG-IUD use (P < .01 for all comparisons). LNG-IUD and, to a lesser extent, DMPA use were associated with increased peripheral T-cell CCR5 expression.
10.1093/infdis/jiv233
25895986
PMC4601918
Adult CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism Contraception Contraceptives, Oral, Combined/*administration & dosage Educational Status Female HIV Seronegativity Humans Levonorgestrel/*administration & dosage Medroxyprogesterone Acetate/*administration & dosage Receptors, CCR5/genetics/*metabolism Receptors, CXCR4/genetics/metabolism T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism Ccr5 Cd4 Cxcr4 Hiv-1 hormonal contraception levonorgestrel medroxyprogesterone acetate oral contraceptive pills peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Sciaranghella G, Wang C, Hu H, Anastos K, Merhi Z, Nowicki M, Stanczyk FZ, Greenblatt RM, Cohen M, Golub ET, Watts DH, Alter G, Young MA, Tsibris AM (2015). CCR5 Expression Levels in HIV-Uninfected Women Receiving Hormonal Contraception. J Infect Dis, 212(9), 1397-401. PMC4601918
Journal Article
JAM-A and ALCAM are therapeutic targets to inhibit diapedesis across the BBB of CD14+CD16+ monocytes in HIV-infected individuals
J Leukoc Biol
2015
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25420915
Monocyte transmigration across the BBB is a critical step in the development of cognitive deficits termed HAND that affect 40-70% of HIV-infected individuals, even with successful antiretroviral therapy. The monocyte subsets that enter the CNS during HIV infection are not fully characterized. We examined PBMC from HIV-positive individuals from 2 distinct cohorts and enumerated monocyte populations, characterized their transmigration properties across an in vitro human BBB model, and identified surface proteins critical for the entry of these cells into the CNS. We demonstrated that the frequency of peripheral blood CD14(+)CD16(+) and CD14(low)CD16(+) monocytes was increased in HIV-seropositive compared with -seronegative individuals, despite virologic control. We showed that CD14(+)CD16(+) monocytes selectively transmigrated across our BBB model as a result of their increased JAM-A and ALCAM expression. Antibody blocking of these proteins inhibited diapedesis of CD14(+)CD16(+) monocyte
10.1189/jlb.5A0714-347R
25420915
PMC4304417
Adult Antigens, CD/*immunology Blood-Brain Barrier/*immunology/pathology Cell Adhesion Molecules/*immunology Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/*immunology Cohort Studies Female Fetal Proteins/*immunology GPI-Linked Proteins Gene Expression Regulation/immunology HIV Infections/drug therapy/*immunology/pathology Humans Inflammation/drug therapy/immunology/pathology *Lipopolysaccharide Receptors Male Middle Aged Monocytes/*immunology Receptors, Cell Surface/*immunology *Receptors, IgG Transendothelial and Transepithelial Migration/*immunology Aids junctional proteins transmigration
Williams DW, Anastos K, Morgello S, Berman JW (2015). JAM-A and ALCAM are therapeutic targets to inhibit diapedesis across the BBB of CD14+CD16+ monocytes in HIV-infected individuals. J Leukoc Biol, 97(2), 401-12. PMC4304417
Journal Article
No association between Apoepsilon4 alleles, HIV infection, age, neuropsychological outcome, or death
J Neurovirol
2015
Feb-15
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25388225
The epsilon4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene may have important interactions with physical health and cognitive function among individuals with HIV disease. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between epsilon4, HIV disease, age, neuropsychological impairment, and death in a large, well-characterized study sample. A total of 2846 men participating in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study had ApoE genotyping and neuropsychological test data available for analysis. We found a significant association between HIV infection and time to death (from any cause), as well as older age, race, and education. But, ApoE status was not significantly associated with time to death. Similarly, we found a significant association between HIV infection and time to incident cognitive impairment, as well as age, education, and HIV serostatus; Apoepsilon4 status was not related to incident cognitive impairment. There were no significant interactions between ApoE, HIV infection, and
10.1007/s13365-014-0290-2 [doi]
25388225
PMC4319994
age AIDS Alleles analysis cognitive cognitive impairment cohort Cohort Studies cohort study death Disease Education health Hiv HIV infection infection Male multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Neuropsychological outcome Pittsburgh psychiatry serostatus study Time
Becker JT, Martinson JJ, Penugonda S, Kingsley L, Molsberry S, Reynolds S, Aronow A, Goodkin K, Levine A, Martin E, Miller EN, Munro CA, Ragin A, Sacktor N (2015). No association between Apoepsilon4 alleles, HIV infection, age, neuropsychological outcome, or death. J Neurovirol, 21(1), 24-31. PMC4319994
Journal Article
The association of perceived stress and verbal memory is greater in HIV-infected versus HIV-uninfected women
J Neurovirol
2015
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25791344
In contrast to findings from cohorts comprised primarily of HIV-infected men, verbal memory deficits are the largest cognitive deficit found in HIV-infected women from the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), and this deficit is not explained by depressive symptoms or substance abuse. HIV-infected women may be at greater risk for verbal memory deficits due to a higher prevalence of cognitive risk factors such as high psychosocial stress and lower socioeconomic status. Here, we investigate the association between perceived stress using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) and verbal memory performance using the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (HVLT) in 1009 HIV-infected and 496 at-risk HIV-uninfected WIHS participants. Participants completed a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery which yielded seven cognitive domain scores, including a primary outcome of verbal memory. HIV infection was not associated with a higher prevalence of high perceived stress (i.e., PSS-10 score in the top
10.1007/s13365-015-0331-5
25791344
PMC4562210
Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Cognition Disorders/*psychology Female HIV Infections/*psychology Humans Longitudinal Studies *Memory Middle Aged Neuropsychological Tests Stress, Psychological/*psychology
Rubin LH, Cook JA, Weber KM, Cohen MH, Martin E, Valcour V, Milam J, Anastos K, Young MA, Alden C, Gustafson DR, Maki PM (2015). The association of perceived stress and verbal memory is greater in HIV-infected versus HIV-uninfected women. J Neurovirol, 21(4), 422-32. PMC4562210
Journal Article
Genetic predictor of working memory and prefrontal function in women with HIV
J Neurovirol
2015
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25515329
The Val158Met (rs4680) single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the catechol-O-methyltransferase gene (COMT) influences executive function and prefrontal function through its effect on dopamine (DA) metabolism. Both HIV and the Val allele of the Val158Met SNP are associated with compromised executive function and inefficient prefrontal function. The present study used behavioral and neuroimaging techniques to determine independent and interactive associations between HIV serostatus and COMT genotype on working memory and prefrontal function in women. For the behavioral study, 54 HIV-infected and 33 HIV-uninfected women completed the 0-, 1-, and 2-back conditions of the verbal N-back, a working memory test. For the imaging study, 36 women (23 HIV-infected, 13 HIV-uninfected) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) assessments while completing the N-back task. HIV-infected women demonstrated significantly worse N-back performance compared with HIV-uninfected women (p < 0.05
10.1007/s13365-014-0305-z
25515329
PMC4319991
Adult Alleles Case-Control Studies Catechol O-Methyltransferase/*genetics Executive Function Female Gene Expression Genotype HIV Infections/*genetics/physiopathology/*psychology/virology Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging *Memory, Short-Term Middle Aged Neuropsychological Tests *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide Prefrontal Cortex/*physiopathology/virology Serotyping
Sundermann EE, Bishop JR, Rubin LH, Little DM, Meyer VJ, Martin E, Weber K, Cohen M, Maki PM (2015). Genetic predictor of working memory and prefrontal function in women with HIV. J Neurovirol, 21(1), 81-91. PMC4319991
Journal Article
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) modulates the associations between insulin resistance and cognition in the current combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) era: a study of the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS)
J Neurovirol
2015
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25740539
Cognitive impairment (CI) remains common despite access to combination antiretroviral therapy (cART); it has been linked to HIV-specific, HIV-related, and HIV-unrelated factors. Insulin resistance (IR) was associated with CI in the early cART era, when antiretroviral medications had greater mitochondrial and metabolic toxicity. We sought to examine these relationships in the current cART era of reduced antiretroviral toxicities. This study examined IR among non-diabetics in relation to a 1-h neuropsychological test battery among 994 women (659 HIV-infected and 335 HIV-uninfected controls) assessed between 2009 and 2011. The mean (standard deviation (SD)) age of the sample was 45.1 (9.3) years. The HIV-infected sample had a median interquartile range (IQR) cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) T-lymphocyte count of 502 (310-727) cells/muL, and 54 % had undetectable plasma HIV RNA levels. Among all, the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) of IR ranged from 0.25 to 37.14. In adjusted models,
10.1007/s13365-015-0330-6
25740539
PMC4511712
AIDS Dementia Complex/*complications/drug therapy Adult Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use Cognition Cohort Studies Diabetes Mellitus Female Humans Insulin Resistance/*physiology Longitudinal Studies Middle Aged Neuropsychological Tests
Valcour V, Rubin LH, Tien P, Anastos K, Young M, Mack W, Cohen M, Golub ET, Crystal H, Maki PM (2015). Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) modulates the associations between insulin resistance and cognition in the current combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) era: a study of the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). J Neurovirol, 21(4), 415-21. PMC4511712
Journal Article
Virologic response and haematologic toxicity of boceprevir- and telaprevir-containing regimens in actual clinical settings
J Viral Hepat
2015
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25524834
Effectiveness, safety and tolerability of boceprevir (BOC) and telaprevir (TPV) in actual clinical settings remain unknown. We determined rates of sustained virologic response (SVR) and haematologic adverse effects among persons treated with BOC- or TPV-containing regimens, compared with pegylated interferon/ribavirin (PEG/RBV). Using an established cohort of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected persons, Electronically Retrieved Cohort of HCV Infected Veterans (ERCHIVES), we identified those treated with a BOC- or TPV-containing regimen and HCV genotype 1-infected controls treated with PEG/RBV. We excluded those with HIV coinfection and missing HCV RNA values to determine SVR. Primary endpoints were SVR (undetectable HCV RNA >/=12 weeks after treatment completion) and haematologic toxicity (grade 3/4 anaemia, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia). We evaluated 2288 persons on BOC-, 409 on TPV-containing regimen and 6308 on PEG/RBV. Among these groups, respectively, 31%, 43% and 9% were treatme
10.1111/jvh.12375
25524834
PMC5020421
Aged Anemia/*chemically induced/epidemiology Antiviral Agents/*adverse effects/therapeutic use Cohort Studies Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/epidemiology Female Hepacivirus/isolation & purification Hepatitis C, Chronic/*drug therapy/virology Humans Male Middle Aged Neutropenia/*chemically induced/epidemiology Oligopeptides/*adverse effects/therapeutic use Proline/adverse effects/*analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use RNA, Viral/blood Thrombocytopenia/*chemically induced/epidemiology Treatment Outcome Viral Load Erchives boceprevir directly acting antiviral agents haematologic toxicity sustained virologic response telaprevir
Butt AA, Yan P, Shaikh OS, Freiberg MS, Lo Re V 3rd, Justice AC, Sherman KE; ERCHIVES (Electronically Retrieved Cohort of HCV Infected Veterans) Study Team (2015). Virologic response and haematologic toxicity of boceprevir- and telaprevir-containing regimens in actual clinical settings. J Viral Hepat, 22(9), 691-700. PMC5020421
Journal Article
NIHMS814100
Association of IFNL3 and IFNL4 polymorphisms with liver-related mortality in a multiracial cohort of HIV/HCV-coinfected women
J Viral Hepat
2015
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26115445
African Americans coinfected with HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) have lower liver-related mortality than Caucasians and Hispanics. While genetic polymorphisms near the IFNL3 and IFNL4 genes explain a significant fraction of racial differences in several HCV-related outcomes, the impact of these variants on liver-related mortality has not been investigated. We conducted a cohort study of HIV/HCV-coinfected women followed in the multicentre, NIH-funded Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) to investigate whether 10 polymorphisms spanning the IFN-lambda region were associated with liver-related mortality by dominant, recessive or additive genetic models. We also considered whether these polymorphisms contributed to previously reported differences in liver-related death by race/ethnicity (ascertained by self-report and ancestry informative markers). Among 794 coinfected women, there were 471 deaths including 55 liver-related deaths during up to 18 years of follow-up. On adjusted analysis,
10.1111/jvh.12431
26115445
PMC4618098
African Americans/*genetics Cohort Studies Coinfection/virology Female Genetic Predisposition to Disease Genotype HIV Infections/complications/*mortality/virology Hepatitis C, Chronic/complications/*mortality/virology Humans Interferons Interleukins/*genetics Liver/pathology Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics Prospective Studies death ethnicity genetic, interferon-lambda polymorphisms
Sarkar M, Aouzierat B, Bacchetti P, Prokunina-Olsson L, French A, Seaberg E, O'Brien TR, Kuniholm MH, Minkoff H, Plankey M, Strickler HD, Peters MG; Women's Interagency HIV (2015). Association of IFNL3 and IFNL4 polymorphisms with liver-related mortality in a multiracial cohort of HIV/HCV-coinfected women. J Viral Hepat, 22(12), 1055-60. PMC4618098
Journal Article
Critical Role for the Adenosine Pathway in Controlling Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Related Immune Activation and Inflammation in Gut Mucosal Tissues
J Virol
2015
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26178986
UNLABELLED: The role of the adenosine (ADO) pathway in human immunodeficiency virus type 1/simian immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1/SIV) infection remains unclear. We compared SIVsab-induced changes of markers related to ADO production (CD39 and CD73) and breakdown (CD26 and adenosine deaminase) on T cells from blood, lymph nodes, and intestine collected from pigtailed macaques (PTMs) and African green monkeys (AGMs) that experience different SIVsab infection outcomes. We also measured ADO and inosine (INO) levels in tissues by mass spectrometry. Finally, we assessed the suppressive effect of ADO on proinflammatory cytokine production after T cell receptor stimulation. The baseline level of both CD39 and CD73 coexpression on regulatory T cells and ADO levels were higher in AGMs than in PTMs. Conversely, high INO levels associated with dramatic increases in CD26 expression and adenosine deaminase activity were observed in PTMs during chronic SIV infection. Immune activation and inflammation
10.1128/JVI.01196-15
26178986
PMC4542384
5'-Nucleotidase/*immunology Adenosine/*immunology Animals Antigens, CD/*immunology Apyrase/*immunology Chlorocebus aethiops Chronic Disease Cytokines/immunology Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4/*immunology Humans Macaca nemestrina Male Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology/pathology Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/*immunology T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/pathology
He T, Brocca-Cofano E, Gillespie DG, Xu C, Stock JL, Ma D, Policicchio BB, Raehtz KD, Rinaldo CR, Apetrei C, Jackson EK, Macatangay BJ, Pandrea I. (2015). Critical Role for the Adenosine Pathway in Controlling Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Related Immune Activation and Inflammation in Gut Mucosal Tissues. J Virol, 89(18), 9616-30. PMC4542384
Journal Article
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVsab Infection of Rhesus Macaques as a Model of Complete Immunological Suppression with Persistent Reservoirs of Replication-Competent Virus: Implications for Cure Research
J Virol
2015
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25833043
Simian immunodeficiency virus SIVsab infection is completely controlled in rhesus macaques (RMs) through functional immune responses. We report that in SIVsab-infected RMs, (i) viral replication is controlled to <0 to 3 copies/ml, (ii) about one-third of the virus strains in reservoirs are replication incompetent, and (iii) rebounding virus after CD8(+) cell depletion is replication competent and genetically similar to the original virus stock, suggesting early reservoir seeding. This model permits assessment of strategies aimed at depleting the reservoir without multidrug antiretroviral therapy.
10.1128/JVI.00256-15
25833043
PMC4442440
Animals CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology *Immune Tolerance Macaca mulatta Male Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology/*virology Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/genetics/*immunology/*physiology *Virus Replication
Ma D, Xu C, Cillo AR, Policicchio B, Kristoff J, Haret-Richter G, Mellors JW, Pandrea I, Apetrei C (2015). Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVsab Infection of Rhesus Macaques as a Model of Complete Immunological Suppression with Persistent Reservoirs of Replication-Competent Virus: Implications for Cure Research. J Virol, 89(11), 6155-60. PMC4442440
Journal Article
Prevalence and Predictors of Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Patients With Stable Chronic Heart Failure: The SchlaHF Registry
JACC Heart Failure
2015
Dec 9
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26682790/
Objectives: This prospective study investigated the prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and its predictors in patients with stable chronic heart failure (HF). Background: SDB is increasingly recognized as being important in patients with HF. Methods: The multicenter SchlaHF (Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Heart Failure) registry provides demographic and clinical data on chronic, stable, symptomatic patients with HF (New York Heart Association functional class ≥II; left ventricular rejection fraction ≤45%). Moderate-to-severe SDB (apnea-hypopnea index ≥15/h) was determined by a 2-channel screening device (ApneaLink, ResMed, Sydney, Australia). Results: Data from 6,876 patients were analyzed. The prevalence of moderate-to-severe SDB was 46%, with a significant sex difference: 36% in women (n = 1,448) versus 49% in men (n = 5,428). Prevalence of SDB rose with increasing age (31%, 39%, 45%, 52%, and 59% in those age ≤50, >50 to 60, >60 to 70, >70 to 80, and >80 years, respecti
10.1016/j.jchf.2015.09.014
26682790
Cheyne-Stokes respiration; heart failure; sleep apnea; sleep-disordered breathing.
Michael Arzt, Holger Woehrle, Olaf Oldenburg, Andrea Graml, Anna Suling, Erland Erdmann, Helmut Teschler, Karl Wegscheider, SchlaHF Investigators (2015). Prevalence and Predictors of Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Patients With Stable Chronic Heart Failure: The SchlaHF Registry. JACC Heart Failure, (), .
Journal Article
Hearing loss among HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative men and women
JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg
2015
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25541676
IMPORTANCE: Age-related hearing loss affects quality of life. Data on hearing loss among aging human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive (HIV+) adults are limited. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate pure-tone hearing thresholds among HIV+ and HIV-seronegative (HIV-) adults and to determine whether HIV disease variables and antiretroviral therapy are associated with pure-tone threshold levels. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A total of 262 men (117 HIV+) from the Baltimore, Maryland/Washington, DC, site of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and 134 women (105 HIV+) from the Washington, DC, site of the Women's Interagency HIV Study participated. Pure-tone air conduction thresholds were collected in a sound-treated room for each ear at frequencies from 250 through 8000 Hz. Linear mixed regression models tested the effect of HIV on hearing after adjustment for age, sex, race, and noise exposure history. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Low-frequency pure-tone average (LPTA) at 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz
10.1001/jamaoto.2014.3302
25541676
PMC4369193
Adult Aging Audiometry, Pure-Tone Female *HIV Seronegativity HIV Seropositivity/*epidemiology Hearing Loss/*epidemiology Hearing Loss, High-Frequency/*epidemiology Humans Male Middle Aged Prospective Studies United States/epidemiology
Torre P 3rd, Hoffman HJ, Springer G, Cox C, Young MA, Margolick JB, Plankey M (2015). Hearing loss among HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative men and women. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 141(3), 202-10. PMC4369193
Journal Article
Thirty-day postoperative mortality among individuals with HIV infection receiving antiretroviral therapy and procedure-matched, uninfected comparators
JAMA Surg
2015
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25714794
IMPORTANCE: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has converted human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection into a chronic condition, and patients now undergo a variety of surgical procedures, but current surgical outcomes are inadequately characterized. OBJECTIVE: To compare 30-day postoperative mortality in patients with HIV infection receiving ART with the rates in uninfected individuals. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Retrospective analysis of nationwide electronic medical record data from the US Veterans Health Administration Healthcare System, October 1, 1996, to September 30, 2010. Common inpatient surgical procedures were grouped using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Clinical Classification System to match HIV-infected and uninfected patients in a 1:2 ratio. Data on 1641 patients with HIV infection receiving combination ART who were undergoing inpatient surgery were compared with data on 3282 procedure-matched, uninfected comparators. Poisson regression models of 30-day
10.1001/jamasurg.2014.2257
25714794
PMC5015449
Albumins/analysis Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use CD4 Lymphocyte Count Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy Hemoglobins/analysis Hospital Mortality Hospitals, Veterans Humans Male Middle Aged RNA, Viral/analysis Surgical Procedures, Operative/*mortality United States/epidemiology
King JT Jr, Perkal MF, Rosenthal RA, Gordon AJ, Crystal S, Rodriguez-Barradas MC, Butt AA, Gibert CL, Rimland D, Simberkoff MS, Justice AC (2015). Thirty-day postoperative mortality among individuals with HIV infection receiving antiretroviral therapy and procedure-matched, uninfected comparators. JAMA Surg, 150(4), 343-51. PMC5015449
Journal Article
NIHMS814091
Estimation of mortality among HIV-infected people on antiretroviral treatment in East Africa: a sampling based approach in an observational, multisite, cohort study
Lancet HIV
2015
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26424542
BACKGROUND: Mortality in HIV-infected people after initiation of antiretroviral treatment (ART) in resource-limited settings is an important measure of the effectiveness and comparative effectiveness of the global public health response. Substantial loss to follow-up precludes accurate accounting of deaths and limits our understanding of effectiveness. We aimed to provide a better understanding of mortality at scale and, by extension, the effectiveness and comparative effectiveness of public health ART treatment in east Africa. METHODS: In 14 clinics in five settings in Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania, we intensively traced a sample of patients randomly selected using a random number generator, who were infected with HIV and on ART and who were lost to follow-up (>90 days late for last scheduled visit). We incorporated the vital status outcomes for these patients into analyses of the entire clinic population through probability-weighted survival analyses. FINDINGS: We followed 34 277 adult
10.1016/S2352-3018(15)00002-8
26424542
PMC4480204
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*administration & dosage Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Data Collection/*methods Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/epidemiology/immunology/*mortality Humans Kenya/epidemiology Male Sampling Studies Tanzania/epidemiology Uganda/epidemiology United States Young Adult
Geng EH, Odeny TA, Lyamuya RE, Nakiwogga-Muwanga A, Diero L, Bwana M, Muyindike W, Braitstein P, Somi GR, Kambugu A, Bukusi EA, Wenger M, Wools-Kaloustian KK, Glidden DV, Yiannoutsos CT, Martin JN (2015). Estimation of mortality among HIV-infected people on antiretroviral treatment in East Africa: a sampling based approach in an observational, multisite, cohort study. Lancet HIV, 2(3), e107-16. PMC4480204
Journal Article
NIHMS694807
Soluble Urokinase Receptor and Chronic Kidney Disease
N Engl J Med
2015
12-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26539835
BACKGROUND: Relatively high plasma levels of soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) have been associated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and poor clinical outcomes in patients with various conditions. It is unknown whether elevated suPAR levels in patients with normal kidney function are associated with future decline in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and with incident chronic kidney disease. METHODS: We measured plasma suPAR levels in 3683 persons enrolled in the Emory Cardiovascular Biobank (mean age, 63 years; 65% men; median suPAR level, 3040 pg per milliliter) and determined renal function at enrollment and at subsequent visits in 2292 persons. The relationship between suPAR levels and the eGFR at baseline, the change in the eGFR over time, and the development of chronic kidney disease (eGFR <60 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2) of body-surface area) were analyzed with the use of linear mixed models and Cox regression after adjustment for
10.1056/NEJMoa1506362
26539835
PMC4701036
Aged Biomarkers/blood Disease Progression Female *Glomerular Filtration Rate Humans Incidence Kaplan-Meier Estimate Kidney/*physiology Linear Models Male Middle Aged Proportional Hazards Models Prospective Studies Proteinuria Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator/*blood Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/*diagnosis
Hayek SS, Sever S, Ko YA, Trachtman H, Awad M, Wadhwani S, Altintas MM, Wei C, Hotton AL, French AL, Sperling LS, Lerakis S, Quyyumi AA, Reiser J (2015). Soluble Urokinase Receptor and Chronic Kidney Disease. N Engl J Med, 373(20), 1916-25. PMC4701036
Journal Article
HIV-1 and interferons: who's interfering with whom?
Nat Rev Microbiol
2015
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25915633
The ability of interferons (IFNs) to inhibit HIV-1 replication in cell culture models has long been recognized, and the therapeutic administration of IFNalpha to HIV-1-infected patients who are not receiving antiretroviral therapy produces a clear but transient decrease in plasma viral load. Conversely, studies of chronic HIV-1 infection in humans and SIV-infected animal models of AIDS show positive correlations between elevated plasma levels of IFNs, increased expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), biomarkers of inflammation and disease progression. In this Review, we discuss the evidence that IFNs can control HIV-1 replication in vivo and debate the controversial role of IFNs in promoting the pathological sequelae of chronic HIV-1 infection.
10.1038/nrmicro3449
25915633
PMC7768976
Animals HIV Infections/drug therapy/*immunology HIV-1/*physiology Humans Interferon-alpha/administration & dosage Interferons/*immunology Virus Replication
Doyle T, Goujon C, Malim MH (2015). HIV-1 and interferons: who's interfering with whom?. Nat Rev Microbiol, 13(7), 403-13. PMC7768976
Journal Article
Reduced neural specificity in middle-aged HIV+ women in the absence of behavioral deficits
Neuroimage Clin
2015
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26288750
In the post combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) era, the prevalence of mild forms of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) in individuals with HIV-infection remains high. There is a pressing need to find biomarkers that can aid clinical assessment of HAND, especially in those with mild or no neurocognitive symptoms. Here we hypothesized that a reduction in neural specificity, or the specificity of neuronal tuning, could serve as a potential biomarker of asymptomatic HAND. To directly test this hypothesis, we applied two advanced fMRI techniques to examine the difference in neural specificity between middle-aged HIV+ women and age-matched negative controls, with a focus on the fusiform face area (FFA), a critical region in face processing. Face discrimination performance was assessed outside of the scanner. While the behavioral performance of face discrimination was comparable between the two groups, a reduced neural specificity in the FFA of HIV-positive women was reveal
10.1016/j.nicl.2014.12.003
26288750
PMC4536469
AIDS Dementia Complex/diagnosis Adult Cognition Disorders/etiology/*physiopathology Discrimination, Psychological/physiology Facial Recognition/*physiology Female HIV Infections/complications/*physiopathology Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods Middle Aged Temporal Lobe/*physiopathology HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders Hcorr Neural specificity fMRI-RA
Liu C, Wang C, Leclair M, Young M, Jiang X (2015). Reduced neural specificity in middle-aged HIV+ women in the absence of behavioral deficits. Neuroimage Clin, 8(), 667-75. PMC4536469
Journal Article
Lessons to be learned from the largest study of cognition in American women with HIV disease
Neurology
2015
20-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25540319
10.1212/WNL.0000000000001166
25540319
Cognition Disorders/*etiology/*virology Female HIV Infections/*complications Humans
Cysique LA, Becker JT (2015). Lessons to be learned from the largest study of cognition in American women with HIV disease. Neurology, 84(3), 220-1.
Journal Article
Cognitive function in women with HIV: findings from the Women's Interagency HIV Study
Neurology
2015
20-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25540304
OBJECTIVE: In the largest cohort study of neuropsychological outcomes among HIV-infected women to date, we examined the association between HIV status and cognition in relation to other determinants of cognitive function (aim 1) and the pattern and magnitude of impairment across cognitive outcomes (aim 2). METHODS: From 2009 to 2011, 1,521 (1,019 HIV-infected) participants from the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) completed a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery. We used multivariable regression on raw test scores for the first aim and normative regression-based analyses (t scores) for the second aim. The design was cross-sectional. RESULTS: The effect sizes for HIV status on cognition were very small, accounting for only 0.05 to 0.09 SD units. The effect of HIV status was smaller than that of years of education, age, race, income, and reading level. In adjusted analyses, HIV-infected women performed worse than uninfected women on verbal learning, delayed recall and recogn
10.1212/WNL.0000000000001151
25540304
PMC4335997
Adult Age Factors Aged Aged, 80 and over Chi-Square Distribution Cognition Disorders/*etiology/*virology Cohort Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Demography Educational Status Female HIV Infections/*complications/epidemiology Humans Middle Aged Neuropsychological Tests Psychomotor Performance Recognition, Psychology Regression Analysis Verbal Learning
Maki PM, Rubin LH, Valcour V, Martin E, Crystal H, Young M, Weber KM, Manly J, Richardson J, Alden C, Anastos K (2015). Cognitive function in women with HIV: findings from the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Neurology, 84(3), 231-40. PMC4335997
Journal Article
Vitamin D3 supplementation in HIV infection: effectiveness and associations with antiretroviral therapy
Nutr J
2015
18-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26283663
BACKGROUND: HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy (ART) may create unique risk factors for vitamin D insufficiency, including alterations of vitamin D metabolism by ART. We prospectively compared demographic and clinical parameters between vitamin D sufficient and insufficient HIV-infected (HIV+) adults, and assessed changes in these parameters among insufficient participants following standardized vitamin D supplementation. METHODS: HIV+ adults (>/= 18 years old) with HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL on ART were enrolled. Vitamin D sufficiency and insufficiency were defined as 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) >/= 30 or <30 ng/mL, respectively. Insufficient participants received open-label vitamin D3 50,000 IU twice weekly for 5 weeks, then 8000 IU twice weekly to complete 24 weeks. The primary endpoint was success or failure to achieve 25(OH)D >/= 30 ng/mL at week 24. RESULTS: Ninety-seven participants enrolled (34 vitamin D sufficient, 63 insufficient); 32% female, 47% non-White, median age 4
10.1186/s12937-015-0072-6
26283663
PMC4538921
Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*adverse effects Benzoxazines/therapeutic use Brazil Cholecalciferol/*administration & dosage/blood Dietary Supplements Female HIV Infections/blood/*drug therapy Humans Linear Models Male Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis Prospective Studies Risk Factors Socioeconomic Factors Vitamin D Deficiency/blood/drug therapy/etiology
Coelho L, Cardoso SW, Luz PM, Hoffman RM, Mendonça L, Veloso VG, Currier JS, Grinsztejn B, Lake JE (2015). Vitamin D3 supplementation in HIV infection: effectiveness and associations with antiretroviral therapy. Nutr J, 14(), 81. PMC4538921
Journal Article
Prevalence of and risk factors for hypoglycemic symptoms after gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy
Obesity (Silver Spring)
2015
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25866150
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of and risk factors for postprandial hypoglycemic symptoms among bariatric surgery patients. METHODS: A questionnaire including the Edinburgh hypoglycemia scale was mailed to patients who underwent either Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) at a single center. Based on the questionnaire, the patients were categorized as having high or low suspicion for post surgical, postprandial hypoglycemic symptoms. RESULTS: Of the 1119 patients with valid addresses, 40.2% (N = 450) responded. Among the respondents, 34.2% had a high suspicion for symptoms of post bariatric surgery hypoglycemia. In multivariate analyses, in addition to female sex (P = 0.001), RYGB (P = 0.004), longer time since surgery (P = 0.013), and lack of diabetes (P = 0.040), the high suspicion group was more likely to report pre-operative symptoms of hypoglycemia (P < 0.001), compared to the low suspicion group. Similar results were observed when the high
10.1002/oby.21042
25866150
PMC4414701
Adult Female Gastrectomy/*adverse effects/statistics & numerical data Gastric Bypass/*adverse effects/statistics & numerical data Humans Hypoglycemia/*etiology/metabolism Insulin Resistance/physiology Male Middle Aged Obesity, Morbid/*surgery Postprandial Period Prevalence Risk Factors
Lee CJ, Clark JM, Schweitzer M, Magnuson T, Steele K, Koerner O, Brown TT (2015). Prevalence of and risk factors for hypoglycemic symptoms after gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy. Obesity (Silver Spring), 23(5), 1079-84. PMC4414701
Journal Article
NIHMS656219
A Randomized Comparison of Anthropomorphic Changes With Preferred and Alternative Efavirenz-Based Antiretroviral Regimens in Diverse Multinational Settings
Open Forum Infect Dis
2015
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26213694
Background. Existing data on anthropomorphic changes in resource-limited settings primarily come from observational or cross-sectional studies. Data from randomized clinical trials are needed to inform treatment decisions in these areas of the world. Methods. The AIDS Clinical Trials Group Prospective Evaluation of Antiretrovirals in Resource-Limited Settings (PEARLS) study was a prospective, randomized evaluation of the efficacy of emtricitabine/tenofovir + efavirenz (FTC/TDF + EFV) vs lamivudine/zidovudine + efavirenz (3TC/ZDV + EFV) for the initial treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-infected individuals from resource-diverse settings. Changes in anthropomorphic measures were analyzed using mixed-effect models for repeated measurements, using all available measurements at weeks 48, 96, and 144. Intent-to-treat results are presented; as-treated results were similar. Results. Five hundred twenty-six participants were randomized to FTC/TDF + EFV, and 519 participants were
10.1093/ofid/ofv095
26213694
PMC4512142
Hiv anthropomorphics antiretroviral therapy highly active lipodystrophy obesity
Erlandson KM, Taejaroenkul S, Smeaton L, Gupta A, Singini IL, Lama JR, Mngqibisa R, Firnhaber C, Cardoso SW, Kanyama C, Machado da Silva AL, Hakim JG, Kumarasamy N, Campbell TB, Hughes MD (2015). A Randomized Comparison of Anthropomorphic Changes With Preferred and Alternative Efavirenz-Based Antiretroviral Regimens in Diverse Multinational Settings. Open Forum Infect Dis, 2(3), ofv095. PMC4512142
Journal Article
Success of Standard Dose Vitamin D Supplementation in Treated Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Open Forum Infect Dis
2015
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26125033
Background. Vitamin D insufficiency is prevalent in human immunodeficiency virus-positive (HIV+) persons. Human immunodeficiency virus and antiretroviral therapy (ART) may create unique risk factors, and the optimal vitamin D repletion and maintenance regimen in HIV+ persons remains unclear. Methods. Human immunodeficiency virus-positive adults on suppressive ART underwent routine serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) screening. Persons with vitamin D insufficiency (25OHD <30 ng/mL) received open-label, oral vitamin D3 50 000 international units (IU) twice weekly for 5 weeks, then 2000 IU daily to complete 12 weeks. We predicted 70% (95% confidence interval, 60%-80%) repletion to 25OHD >/=30 ng/mL compared with 85% among historical HIV-negative controls. Eighty participants provided 91% power to detect this difference. Ability to maintain 25OHD >/=30 ng/mL after 24 weeks was also assessed. Results. Baseline characteristics were similar between the 82 vitamin D insufficient and 40 sufficien
10.1093/ofid/ofv068
26125033
PMC4462892
Hiv antiretroviral therapy vitamin D
Lake JE, Hoffman RM, Tseng CH, Wilhalme HM, Adams JS, Currier JS (2015). Success of Standard Dose Vitamin D Supplementation in Treated Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. Open Forum Infect Dis, 2(2), ofv068. PMC4462892
Journal Article
Switch to Raltegravir From Protease Inhibitor or Nonnucleoside Reverse-Transcriptase Inhibitor Does not Reduce Visceral Fat In Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Women With Central Adiposity
Open Forum Infect Dis
2015
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26380350
Human immunodeficiency virus-infected women with central adiposity switched to raltegravir-based antiretroviral therapy immediately or after 24 weeks. No statistically significant changes in computed tomography-quantified visceral adipose tissue (VAT) or subcutaneous fat were observed, although 48 weeks of raltegravir was associated with a 6.4% VAT decline. Raltegravir for 24 weeks was associated with improvements in lipids.
10.1093/ofid/ofv059
26380350
PMC4567084
Hiv antiretroviral therapy fat raltegravir visceral women
Lake JE, McComsey GA, Hulgan T, Wanke CA, Mangili A, Walmsley SL, Currier JS (2015). Switch to Raltegravir From Protease Inhibitor or Nonnucleoside Reverse-Transcriptase Inhibitor Does not Reduce Visceral Fat In Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Women With Central Adiposity. Open Forum Infect Dis, 2(2), ofv059. PMC4567084
Journal Article
Nevirapine Concentration in Hair Samples Is a Strong Predictor of Virologic Suppression in a Prospective Cohort of HIV-Infected Patients
PLoS One
2015
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26053176
Effective antiretroviral (ARV) therapy depends on adequate drug exposure, yet methods to assess ARV exposure are limited. Concentrations of ARV in hair are the product of steady-state pharmacokinetics factors and longitudinal adherence. We investigated nevirapine (NVP) concentrations in hair as a predictor of treatment response in women receiving ARVs. In participants of the Women's Interagency HIV Study, who reported NVP use for >1 month from 2003-2008, NVP concentrations in hair were measured via liquid-chromatography-tandem mass-spectrometry. The outcome was virologic suppression (plasma HIV RNA below assay threshold) at the time of hair sampling and the primary predictor was nevirapine concentration categorized into quartiles. We controlled for age, race/ethnicity, pre-treatment HIV RNA, CD4 cell count, and self-reported adherence over the 6-month visit interval (categorized </= 74%, 75%-94% or >/= 95%). We also assessed the relation of NVP concentration with changes in hepatic tra
10.1371/journal.pone.0129100
26053176
PMC4460031
Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Anti-HIV Agents/pharmacokinetics/*therapeutic use *Drug Monitoring Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*virology Hair/*metabolism Humans Male Middle Aged Nevirapine/pharmacokinetics/*therapeutic use Odds Ratio Prospective Studies Tissue Distribution Treatment Outcome Viral Load Young Adult
Baxi SM, Greenblatt RM, Bacchetti P, Jin C, French AL, Keller MJ, Augenbraun MH, Gange SJ, Liu C, Mack WJ, Gandhi M; Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) (2015). Nevirapine Concentration in Hair Samples Is a Strong Predictor of Virologic Suppression in a Prospective Cohort of HIV-Infected Patients. PLoS One, 10(6), e0129100. PMC4460031
Journal Article
Elevated NT-pro-brain natriuretic peptide level is independently associated with all-cause mortality in HIV-infected women in the early and recent HAART eras in the Women's Interagency HIV Study cohort
PLoS One
2015
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25811188
BACKGROUND: HIV-infected individuals are at increased risk of right and left heart dysfunction. N-terminal-pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), a marker of cardiac ventricular strain and systolic dysfunction, may be associated with all-cause mortality in HIV-infected women. The aim of this study was to determine if elevated levels of NT-proBNP is associated with increased mortality in HIV-infected women. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. METHODS AND RESULTS: We measured NT-proBNP in 936 HIV-infected and 387 age-matched HIV-uninfected women early (10/11/94 to 7/17/97) and 1082 HIV-infected and 448 HIV-uninfected women late (4/1/08 to 10/7/08) in the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) periods in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. An NT-proBNP >75th percentile was more likely in HIV-infected persons, but only statistically significant in the late period (27% vs. 21%, unadjusted p = 0.03). In HIV-infected participants, NT-proBNP>75th percentile was independently associated
10.1371/journal.pone.0123389
25811188
PMC4374715
Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Cause of Death Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/*blood/drug therapy/*mortality Humans Mortality Natriuretic Peptide, Brain/*blood Peptide Fragments/*blood Prognosis Risk Factors Sex Factors
Gingo MR, Zhang Y, Ghebrehawariat KB, Jeong JH, Chu Y, Yang Q, Lucht L, Hanna DB, Lazar JM, Gladwin MT, Morris A (2015). Elevated NT-pro-brain natriuretic peptide level is independently associated with all-cause mortality in HIV-infected women in the early and recent HAART eras in the Women's Interagency HIV Study cohort. PLoS One, 10(3), e0123389. PMC4374715
Journal Article
p21(WAF1/CIP1) RNA expression in highly HIV-1 exposed, uninfected individuals
PLoS One
2015
2015
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25746435
Some individuals remain HIV-1 antibody and PCR negative after repeated exposures to the virus, and are referred to as HIV-exposed seronegatives (HESN). However, the causes of resistance to HIV-1 infection in cases other than those with a homozygous CCR5Delta32 deletion are unclear. We hypothesized that human p21WAF1/CIP1 (a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor) could play a role in resistance to HIV-1 infection in HESN, as p21 expression has been associated with suppression of HIV-1 in elite controllers and reported to block HIV-1 integration in cell culture. We measured p21 RNA expression in PBMC from 40 HESN and 40 low exposure HIV-1 seroconverters (LESC) prior to their infection using a real-time PCR assay. Comparing the 20 HESN with the highest exposure risk (median = 111 partners/2.5 years prior to the 20 LESC with the lowest exposure risk (median = 1 partner/2.5 years prior), p21 expression trended higher in HESN in only one of two experiments (P = 0.11 vs. P = 0.80). Additionally,
10.1371/journal.pone.0119218
25746435
PMC4352077
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21/*genetics HIV Infections/transmission/virology *HIV Seronegativity Hiv-1 Humans RNA/*genetics Risk Factors *Sexual Partners Unsafe Sex
Herbeck J, Ghorai S, Chen L, Rinaldo CR, Margolick JB, Detels R, Jacobson L, Wolinsky S, Mullins JI (2015). p21(WAF1/CIP1) RNA expression in highly HIV-1 exposed, uninfected individuals. PLoS One, 10(3), e0119218. PMC4352077
Journal Article
Association between free testosterone levels and anal human papillomavirus types 16/18 infections in a cohort of men who have sex with men
PLoS One
2015
2015
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25794147
BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 cause invasive cervical cancer and most invasive anal cancers (IACs). Overall, IAC rates are highest among men who have sex with men (MSM), especially MSM with HIV infection. Testosterone is prescribed for men showing hypogonadism and HIV-related wasting. While there are direct and indirect physiological effects of testosterone in males, its role in anal HPV16/18 infections in men is unknown. METHODS: Free testosterone (FT) was measured in serum from 340 Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) participants who were tested for anal HPV16/18-DNA approximately 36 months later. The effect of log10-transformed current FT level on anal HPV16/18 prevalence was modeled using Poisson regression with robust error variance. Multivariate models controlled for other HPV types, cumulative years of exogenous testosterone use, race, age, lifetime number of receptive anal intercourse partnerships, body mass index, tobacco smoking, HIV-infection and CD
10.1371/journal.pone.0119447
25794147
PMC4368778
Aged Aged, 80 and over Anal Canal/*virology Cohort Studies Coinfection HIV Infections/epidemiology *Homosexuality, Male *Human papillomavirus 16 *Human papillomavirus 18 Humans Male Middle Aged Papillomavirus Infections/*blood/epidemiology/*virology Risk Factors Sexual Behavior Sexual Partners Testosterone/*blood
Hsu HK, Brown TT, Li X, Young S, Cranston RD, D'Souza G, Jacobson LP, Martínez-Maza O, Seaberg EC, Margolick JB, Jenkins FJ, Moran MG, Chua K, Bolan RK, Detels R, Wiley DJ (2015). Association between free testosterone levels and anal human papillomavirus types 16/18 infections in a cohort of men who have sex with men. PLoS One, 10(3), e0119447. PMC4368778
Journal Article
Correction: Novel Genetic Locus Implicated for HIV-1 Acquisition with Putative Regulatory Links to HIV Replication and Infectivity: A Genome-Wide Association Study
PLoS One
2015
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26023777
10.1371/journal.pone.0129671
26023777
PMC4448994
Johnson EO, Hancock DB, Gaddis NC, Levy JL, Page G, Novak SP, Glasheen C, Saccone NL, Rice JP, Moreau MP, Doheny KF, Romm JM, Brooks AI, Kral AH (2015). Correction: Novel Genetic Locus Implicated for HIV-1 Acquisition with Putative Regulatory Links to HIV Replication and Infectivity: A Genome-Wide Association Study. PLoS One, 10(5), e0129671. PMC4448994
Journal Article
Interferon Lambda 4 Genotype Is Not Associated with Recurrence of Oral or Genital Herpes
PLoS One
2015
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26431156
IFNL4-DeltaG/TT (rs368234815) genotype is associated with hepatitis C virus clearance and may play a role in other infections. IFN-lambda4 protein is generated only in individuals who carry the IFNL4-DeltaG allele. The IFNL4 rs12979860-T allele, which is in strong linkage disequilibrium with IFNL4-DeltaG, was recently reported to be associated with more frequent and severe oral herpes episodes. We investigated the association of IFNL4-DeltaG/TT with herpes simplex virus (HSV)-related outcomes among 2,192 African American and European American participants in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). WIHS is a prospective cohort study of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and at-risk women that began in 1994. This report includes follow-up through 2013. Available data included: HSV-1 and HSV-2 antibodies at study entry; bi-annually ascertained episodes of (self-reported) oral herpes, (self-reported) genital sores and (clinician-observed) genital ulcers; HSV-2 DNA in cervicovagi
10.1371/journal.pone.0138827
26431156
PMC4592222
Adult Female *Genotype Herpes Genitalis/genetics/*pathology Herpes Labialis/genetics/*pathology Humans Interleukins/*genetics Prospective Studies Recurrence
Lang Kuhs KA, Kuniholm MH, Pfeiffer RM, Chen S, Desai S, Edlin BR, Peters MG, Plankey M, Sharp GB, Strickler HD, Villacres MC, Quinn TC, Gange SJ, Prokunina-Olsson L, Greenblatt RM, O'Brien TR (2015). Interferon Lambda 4 Genotype Is Not Associated with Recurrence of Oral or Genital Herpes. PLoS One, 10(10), e0138827. PMC4592222
Journal Article
The vaginal microbiota over an 8- to 10-year period in a cohort of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women
PLoS One
2015
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25675346
BACKGROUND: We identified predominant vaginal microbiota communities, changes over time, and how this varied by HIV status and other factors in a cohort of 64 women. METHODS: Bacterial DNA was extracted from reposited cervicovaginal lavage samples collected annually over an 8-10 year period from Chicago Women's Interagency HIV Study participants: 22 HIV-negative, 22 HIV-positive with stable infection, 20 HIV-positive with progressive infection. The vaginal microbiota was defined by pyrosequencing of the V1/V2 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Scheduled visits included Bacterial vaginsosis (BV) screening; clinically detected cases were referred for treatment. Hierarchical clustering identified bacterial community state types (CST). Multinomial mixed effects modeling determined trends over time in CST, by HIV status and other factors. RESULTS: The median follow-up time was 8.1 years (range 5.5-15.3). Six CSTs were identified. The mean relative abundance (RA) of Lactobacillus spp. by CST (with
10.1371/journal.pone.0116894
25675346
PMC4326357
Adult Cluster Analysis Cohort Studies Coinfection Female Follow-Up Studies HIV Infections/immunology/*microbiology/virology Humans Lactobacillus/classification/genetics Metagenome *Microbiota RNA, Ribosomal, 16S Risk Factors Sequence Analysis, DNA Time Factors Vagina/*microbiology Young Adult
Mehta SD, Donovan B, Weber KM, Cohen M, Ravel J, Gajer P, Gilbert D, Burgad D, Spear GT (2015). The vaginal microbiota over an 8- to 10-year period in a cohort of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women. PLoS One, 10(2), e0116894. PMC4326357
Journal Article
Acceleration of age-associated methylation patterns in HIV-1-infected adults
PLoS One
2015
2015
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25807146
Patients with treated HIV-1-infection experience earlier occurrence of aging-associated diseases, raising speculation that HIV-1-infection, or antiretroviral treatment, may accelerate aging. We recently described an age-related co-methylation module comprised of hundreds of CpGs; however, it is unknown whether aging and HIV-1-infection exert negative health effects through similar, or disparate, mechanisms. We investigated whether HIV-1-infection would induce age-associated methylation changes. We evaluated DNA methylation levels at >450,000 CpG sites in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of young (20-35) and older (36-56) adults in two separate groups of participants. Each age group for each data set consisted of 12 HIV-1-infected and 12 age-matched HIV-1-uninfected samples for a total of 96 samples. The effects of age and HIV-1 infection on methylation at each CpG revealed a strong correlation of 0.49, p<1 x 10(-200) and 0.47, p<1 x 10(-200). Weighted gene correlation network
10.1371/journal.pone.0119201
25807146
PMC4373843
Adult Age Factors Aging/*genetics *DNA Methylation Epigenesis, Genetic HIV Infections/*genetics Humans Leukocytes, Mononuclear Male Middle Aged Young Adult
Rickabaugh TM, Baxter RM, Sehl M, Sinsheimer JS, Hultin PM, Hultin LE, Quach A, Martínez-Maza O, Horvath S, Vilain E, Jamieson BD (2015). Acceleration of age-associated methylation patterns in HIV-1-infected adults. PLoS One, 10(3), e0119201. PMC4373843
Journal Article
Relationship between Body Mass Index and Mortality in HIV-Infected HAART Users in the Women's Interagency HIV Study
PLoS One
2015
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26699870
BACKGROUND: Early HIV studies suggested protective associations of overweight against mortality, yet data are lacking for the era of potent highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). We evaluated associations of pre-HAART initiation body mass index (BMI) with mortality among HAART-using women. METHODS: Prospective study of time to death after HAART initiation among continuous HAART users in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Unadjusted Kaplan-Meier and adjusted proportional hazards survival models assessed time to AIDS and non-AIDS death by last measured pre-HAART BMI. RESULTS: Of 1428 continuous HAART users 39 (2.7%) were underweight, 521 (36.5%) normal weight, 441 (30.9%) overweight, and 427 (29.9%) obese at time of HAART initiation. A total of 322 deaths occurred during median follow-up of 10.4 years (IQR 5.9-14.6). Censoring at non-AIDS death, the highest rate of AIDS death was observed among underweight women (p = 0.0003 for all 4 categories). In multivariate models, women unde
10.1371/journal.pone.0143740
26699870
PMC4689347
Adult *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active *Body Mass Index Body Weight Female HIV Infections/complications/drug therapy/*mortality HIV-1/genetics Humans Kaplan-Meier Estimate Middle Aged Overweight/complications Prospective Studies RNA, Viral/blood Time Factors
Sharma A, Hoover DR, Shi Q, Gustafson D, Plankey MW, Hershow RC, Tien PC, Golub ET, Anastos K (2015). Relationship between Body Mass Index and Mortality in HIV-Infected HAART Users in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. PLoS One, 10(12), e0143740. PMC4689347
Journal Article
Temporal transcriptional response to latency reversing agents identifies specific factors regulating HIV-1 viral transcriptional switch
Retrovirology
2015
6-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26438393
BACKGROUND: Latent HIV-1 reservoirs are identified as one of the major challenges to achieve HIV-1 cure. Currently available strategies are associated with wide variability in outcomes both in patients and CD4(+) T cell models. This underlines the critical need to develop innovative strategies to predict and recognize ways that could result in better reactivation and eventual elimination of latent HIV-1 reservoirs. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: In this study, we combined genome wide transcriptome datasets post activation with Systems Biology approach (Signaling and Dynamic Regulatory Events Miner, SDREM analyses) to reconstruct a dynamic signaling and regulatory network involved in reactivation mediated by specific activators using a latent cell line. This approach identified several critical regulators for each treatment, which were confirmed in follow-up validation studies using small molecule inhibitors. Results indicate that signaling pathways involving JNK and related factors as predict
10.1186/s12977-015-0211-3
26438393
PMC4594640
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/physiology/virology Gene Expression Profiling/methods Gene Expression Regulation, Viral/drug effects HIV-1/drug effects/genetics/*physiology Humans Hydroxamic Acids/pharmacology Jurkat Cells Male Phorbol Esters/pharmacology Signal Transduction/drug effects Systems Biology/methods Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Virus Activation/*drug effects/*genetics Virus Latency/drug effects/*genetics Vorinostat
Venkatachari NJ, Zerbato JM, Jain S, Mancini AE, Chattopadhyay A, Sluis-Cremer N, Bar-Joseph Z, Ayyavoo V (2015). Temporal transcriptional response to latency reversing agents identifies specific factors regulating HIV-1 viral transcriptional switch. Retrovirology, 12(), 85. PMC4594640
Journal Article
A longitudinal study of human papillomavirus 16 L1, e6, and e7 seropositivity and oral human papillomavirus 16 infection
Sex Transm Dis
2015
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25585068
BACKGROUND: Individuals with human papillomavirus (HPV) infections can develop IgG antibodies to HPV proteins including the L1 capsid and E6 and E7 oncoproteins. Evidence on whether L1 antibodies reduce the risk of cervical HPV infection is mixed, but this has not been explored for oral HPV infections. Antibodies to HPV16's E6 oncoprotein have been detected in some oropharyngeal cancer cases years before cancer diagnosis, but it is unknown if these antibodies are associated with oral HPV16 DNA. METHODS: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays tested for serum antibodies to HPV16's L1 capsid in 463 HIV-infected and 293 HIV-uninfected adults, and for antibodies to recombinantly expressed E6 and E7 oncoproteins to HPV16 in 195 HIV-infected and 69 HIV-uninfected cancer-free participants at baseline. Oral rinse samples were collected semiannually for up to 3 years and tested for HPV DNA using PGMY 09/11 primers. Adjusted Poisson, logistic, and Wei-Lin-Weissfeld regression models were used. RESUL
10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000236
25585068
PMC4295625
Adult Anus Neoplasms/*epidemiology/etiology/prevention & control Case-Control Studies Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Female Human papillomavirus 16/*isolation & purification Humans Longitudinal Studies Male Middle Aged Oncogene Proteins, Viral/*isolation & purification Oropharyngeal Neoplasms/*epidemiology/etiology/prevention & control Papillomavirus E7 Proteins/*isolation & purification Papillomavirus Infections/complications/*epidemiology/prevention & control Prevalence Repressor Proteins/*isolation & purification Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/*epidemiology/etiology/prevention & control
Beachler DC, Viscidi R, Sugar EA, Minkoff H, Strickler HD, Cranston RD, Wiley DJ, Jacobson LP, Weber KM, Margolick JB, Reddy S, Gillison ML, D'Souza G (2015). A longitudinal study of human papillomavirus 16 L1, e6, and e7 seropositivity and oral human papillomavirus 16 infection. Sex Transm Dis, 42(2), 93-7. PMC4295625
Journal Article
Internalized gay ageism, mattering, and depressive symptoms among midlife and older gay-identified men
Soc Sci Med
2015
10/31/2015
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26588435
OBJECTIVE: In this paper we introduce the construct of "internalized gay ageism," or the sense that one feels denigrated or depreciated because of aging in the context of a gay male identity, which we identify as an unexplored aspect of sexual minority stress specific to midlife and older gay-identified men. METHODS: Using a social stress process framework, we examine the association between internalized gay ageism and depressive symptoms, and whether one's sense of mattering mediates or moderates this association, controlling for three decades of depressive symptom histories. The sample is 312 gay-identified men (average age = 60.7 years, range = 48-78, 61% HIV-negative) participating in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) since 1984/85, one of the largest and longest running studies of the natural history of HIV/AIDS in the U.S., who provided contemporary (2012/13) reports of stress experiences. RESULTS: We find that internalized gay ageism can reliably be measured among these m
10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.10.066
26588435
PMC4689679
Adult age Aging AIDS change cohort Cohort Studies cohort study gay men health history HIV/AIDS Los Angeles MACS Male methods multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study natural history Public Health Risk San Francisco sexual stress study symptoms Time
Wight RG, LeBlanc AJ, Meyer IH, Harig FA (2015). Internalized gay ageism, mattering, and depressive symptoms among midlife and older gay-identified men. Soc Sci Med, 147(), 200-208. PMC4689679
Journal Article
Organizing for ontological change: The kernel of an AIDS research infrastructure
Soc Stud Sci
2015
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26477206
Is it possible to prepare and plan for emergent and changing objects of research? Members of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study have been investigating AIDS for over 30 years, and in that time, the disease has been repeatedly transformed. Over the years and across many changes, members have continued to study HIV disease while in the process regenerating an adaptable research organization. The key to sustaining this technoscientific flexibility has been what we call the kernel of a research infrastructure: ongoing efforts to maintain the availability of resources and services that may be brought to bear in the investigation of new objects. In the case of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, these resources are as follows: specimens and data, calibrated instruments, heterogeneous experts, and participating cohorts of gay and bisexual men. We track three ontological transformations, examining how members prepared for and responded to changes: the discovery of a novel retroviral agent (HIV),
10.1177/0306312714558136
26477206
PMC4400271
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*history/virology Biomedical Research/*history/methods/organization & administration History, 20th Century History, 21st Century Humans
Ribes D, Polk JB (2015). Organizing for ontological change: The kernel of an AIDS research infrastructure. Soc Stud Sci, 45(2), 214-41. PMC4400271
Journal Article
BK virus capsid antibodies are associated with protection against subsequent development of PML in HIV-infected patients
Virology
2015
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26356797
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is caused by JC polyomavirus (JCPyV). Because a reciprocal relationship has been described between antibody levels to JCPyV and BK polyomavirus (BKPyV), we performed a nested case control study with pre-diagnostic serum samples from HIV infected subjects to examine the relationship between BKPyV capsid antibodies and the risk of PML. Serum samples collected 0.5-2 years before PML diagnosis from 25 cases (66 samples) and 80 matched controls (204 samples) were tested in ELISA for JCPyV, BKPyV type 1 and type 4 capsid antibodies. High levels of BKPyV 1 and 4 antibodies were associated with a lower risk of PML (BKPyV 1 OR, 0.56, 95% CI, 0.35-0.89; BKPyV 4 OR, 0.40, 95% CI, 0.24-0.0.67). Our study demonstrates that antibodies to BKPyV capsids are an immunological marker of protection against development of PML. Further studies are needed to define the mechanism.
10.1016/j.virol.2015.08.022
26356797
PMC4619138
Adult Antibodies, Viral/blood/*immunology BK Virus/*immunology Capsid/*immunology Case-Control Studies *Coinfection Cross Protection/*immunology Female *HIV Infections/immunology Humans Immunoglobulin G/blood/immunology JC Virus/classification/immunology Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal/immunology/*prevention & control Male Middle Aged Odds Ratio Risk Factors Serogroup BK polyomavirus Cohort study Human immunodeficiency virus JC polyomavirus Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy Viral serology
Rossi F, Li X, Jacobson L, Levine AJ, Chen Y, Palella FJ, Margolick J, Viscidi R (2015). BK virus capsid antibodies are associated with protection against subsequent development of PML in HIV-infected patients. Virology, 485(), 467-72. PMC4619138
Journal Article
Common clinical conditions - age, low BMI, ritonavir use, mild renal impairment - affect tenofovir pharmacokinetics in a large cohort of HIV-infected women
AIDS
2014
2-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24275255
OBJECTIVE: Tenofovir is used commonly in HIV treatment and prevention settings, but factors that correlate with tenofovir exposure in real-world settings are unknown. DESIGN: Intensive pharmacokinetic studies of tenofovir in a large, diverse cohort of HIV-infected women over 24 h at steady state were performed and factors that influenced exposure [assessed by areas under the concentration-time curves (AUCs)] identified. METHODS: HIV-infected women (n = 101) on tenofovir-based therapy underwent intensive 24-h pharmacokinetic sampling. Data on race/ethnicity, age, exogenous steroid use, menstrual cycle phase, concomitant medications, recreational drugs and/or tobacco, hepatic and renal function, weight, and BMI were collected. Multivariable models using forward stepwise selection identified factors associated with effects on AUC. Glomerular filtration rates (GFRs) prior to starting tenofovir were estimated by the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation using
10.1097/QAD.0000000000000033
24275255
PMC3956315
Adenine/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacokinetics/therapeutic use Adult Age Factors Anti-HIV Agents/*pharmacokinetics/therapeutic use Body Mass Index Cohort Studies Female Glomerular Filtration Rate HIV Infections/*drug therapy Humans Middle Aged Organophosphonates/*pharmacokinetics/therapeutic use Prospective Studies Renal Insufficiency Ritonavir/therapeutic use Tenofovir Young Adult
Baxi SM, Greenblatt RM, Bacchetti P, Scherzer R, Minkoff H, Huang Y, Anastos K, Cohen M, Gange SJ, Young M, Shlipak MG, Gandhi M (2014). Common clinical conditions - age, low BMI, ritonavir use, mild renal impairment - affect tenofovir pharmacokinetics in a large cohort of HIV-infected women. AIDS, 28(1), 59-66. PMC3956315
Journal Article
NIHMS554515
Epicardial fat is associated with duration of antiretroviral therapy and coronary atherosclerosis
AIDS
2014
17-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24809732
OBJECTIVE: Cytokines released by epicardial fat are implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy have been associated with changes in body fat distribution and coronary artery disease. We sought to determine whether HIV infection is associated with greater epicardial fat and whether epicardial fat is associated with subclinical coronary atherosclerosis. DESIGN: We studied 579 HIV-infected and 353 HIV-uninfected men aged 40-70 years with noncontrast computed tomography to measure epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) volume and coronary artery calcium (CAC). Total plaque score (TPS) and plaque subtypes (noncalcified, calcified, and mixed) were measured by coronary computed tomography angiography in 706 men. METHODS: We evaluated the association between EAT and HIV serostatus, and the association of EAT with subclinical atherosclerosis, adjusting for age, race, and serostatus and with additional cardiovascular risk factors and tested for modifying
10.1097/QAD.0000000000000116
24809732
PMC4169787
Adipose Tissue/*pathology Adult Aged Angiography Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*methods Calcium/analysis Coronary Artery Disease/*epidemiology Coronary Vessels/pathology HIV Infections/*complications/*drug therapy Humans Male Middle Aged Pericardium/*pathology Plaque, Atherosclerotic/diagnostic imaging/pathology Prospective Studies Time Factors Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Brener M, Ketlogetswe K, Budoff M, Jacobson LP, Li X, Rezaeian P, Razipour A, Palella FJ Jr, Kingsley L, Witt MD, George RT, Post WS (2014). Epicardial fat is associated with duration of antiretroviral therapy and coronary atherosclerosis. AIDS, 28(11), 1635-44. PMC4169787
Journal Article
Cervical human papillomavirus testing to triage borderline abnormal pap tests in HIV-coinfected women
AIDS
2014
17-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25232904
10.1097/QAD.0000000000000285
25232904
PMC4196721
Cohort Studies DNA, Viral/genetics/isolation & purification Female HIV Infections/*complications Humans Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/*methods *Papanicolaou Test Papillomaviridae/genetics/*isolation & purification Papillomavirus Infections/*diagnosis/virology Sensitivity and Specificity Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/*diagnosis/pathology/virology
DʼSouza G, Burk RD, Palefsky JM, Massad LS, Strickler HD; WIHS HPV Working Group (2014). Cervical human papillomavirus testing to triage borderline abnormal pap tests in HIV-coinfected women. AIDS, 28(11), 1696-8. PMC4196721
Journal Article
Antiretroviral therapy modifies the genetic effect of known type 2 diabetes-associated risk variants in HIV-infected women
AIDS
2014
31-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24932614
OBJECTIVE: Type 2 diabetes mellitus incidence is increased in HIV-infected persons. We examined the associations of diabetes mellitus with known diabetes mellitus-risk alleles from the general population in the context of HIV infection, and explored effect modification by combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). METHODS: The Women's Interagency HIV Study is a prospective cohort of HIV-infected women. Seventeen European-derived diabetes mellitus-risk polymorphisms were genotyped in the eligible participants of the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Analyses were run separately for non-African Americans (Whites, Hispanics, Asians, and other; n = 378, 49 with incident diabetes mellitus) and African Americans (n = 591, 49 with incident diabetes mellitus). Cox proportional-hazards models were fit to estimate hazard ratios for diabetes mellitus overall and within strata of cART. RESULTS: In non-African Americans, heterogeneity across cART regimen was observed for nine of the 14 polymorphisms (
10.1097/QAD.0000000000000366
24932614
PMC4269472
Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Anti-Retroviral Agents/*adverse effects/therapeutic use Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*adverse effects/methods Cohort Studies Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*epidemiology/*genetics Ethnic Groups Female *Genetic Predisposition to Disease HIV Infections/*complications/*drug therapy Humans Middle Aged Prospective Studies Risk Assessment Young Adult
Frasco MA, Karim R, Van Den Berg D, Watanabe RM, Anastos K, Cohen M, Gange SJ, Gustafson DR, Liu C, Tien PC, Mack WJ, Pearce CL (2014). Antiretroviral therapy modifies the genetic effect of known type 2 diabetes-associated risk variants in HIV-infected women. AIDS, 28(12), 1815-23. PMC4269472
Journal Article
Lower adiponectin is associated with subclinical cardiovascular disease among HIV-infected men
AIDS
2014
27-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24401646
OBJECTIVE: To examine whether altered levels of adipokines, adipose-derived peptides associated with myocardial infarction in the general population, may contribute to subclinical coronary atherosclerosis in HIV-infected persons. DESIGN: Nested cohort study. METHODS: We studied HIV-infected (HIV+) and HIV-uninfected (HIV-) men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study with noncontrast computed tomography (CT) to measure coronary artery calcium and regional adiposity; 75% additionally underwent coronary CT angiography to measure plaque composition and stenosis. Adiponectin and leptin levels were assessed. Multiple regression models were used to assess associations between adipokine levels and HIV disease parameters, regional adiposity, and plaque adjusted for age, race, HIV serostatus, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. RESULTS: Significant findings were limited to adiponectin. HIV-positive men (n=493) had lower adiponectin levels than HIV-negative men (n=250) after adjusting for
10.1097/QAD.0000000000000186
24401646
PMC3967406
Adiponectin/*blood Adult Aged Angiography Asymptomatic Diseases Cohort Studies Coronary Artery Disease/diagnosis/*pathology HIV Infections/*complications Humans Leptin/blood Male Middle Aged Prospective Studies Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Ketlogetswe KS, Post WS, Li X, Palella FJ Jr, Jacobson LP, Margolick JB, Kingsley LA, Witt MD, Dobs AS, Budoff MJ, Brown TT (2014). Lower adiponectin is associated with subclinical cardiovascular disease among HIV-infected men. AIDS, 28(6), 901-9. PMC3967406
Journal Article
HIV RNA levels in plasma and cervical-vaginal lavage fluid in elite controllers and HAART recipients
AIDS
2014
13-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24326356
OBJECTIVES: The introduction of HAART leads to control of HIV replication to less than 50 copies/ml, similar to levels in 'elite controllers'. Low-level viral replication may be one of the contributing factors to persistent immune activation/inflammation in HAART-treated individuals. There are still gaps in our knowledge of whether low-level replication persists in systemic versus mucosal sites. DESIGN AND METHODS: Participants for this study were recruited from the Women's Interagency HIV Study. We evaluated 33 'elite controllers' who naturally controlled HIV replication and 33 matched HAART-suppressed recipients. This study employed a sensitive target-capture transcription-mediated-amplification assay to compare low-level virus concentrations in plasma and cervical-vaginal lavage (CVL) samples from HIV-positive HAART recipients and 'elite controllers'. RESULTS: The median (interquartile range) plasma viral load signal/cut-off (S/Co) for 'elite controllers' was 10.5 (3.9-21.1), which
10.1097/QAD.0000000000000150
24326356
PMC4160049
Anti-Retroviral Agents/*therapeutic use Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Female HIV/genetics/isolation & purification HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*virology HIV Long-Term Survivors Humans Plasma/*virology RNA, Viral/genetics/*isolation & purification Vagina/*virology Vaginal Douching *Viral Load
Landay A, Golub ET, Desai S, Zhang J, Winkelman V, Anastos K, Durkin H, Young M, Villacres MC, Greenblatt RM, Norris PJ, Busch MP; Womenʼs Interagency HIV Study (2014). HIV RNA levels in plasma and cervical-vaginal lavage fluid in elite controllers and HAART recipients. AIDS, 28(5), 739-43. PMC4160049
Journal Article
Incorrect identification of recent HIV infection in adults in the United States using a limiting-antigen avidity assay
AIDS
2014
5/15/2014
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24513567
OBJECTIVES:: To evaluate factors associated with misclassification by the limiting-antigen avidity (LAg-avidity) assay among individuals with long-standing HIV infection. DESIGN:: Samples were obtained from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and AIDS Linked to the IntraVenous Experience cohort (1089 samples from 667 individuals, 595 samples collected 2-4 years and 494 samples collected 4-8 years after HIV seroconversion). Paired samples from both time points were available for 422 (63.3%) of the 667 individuals. METHODS:: Samples were considered to be misclassified if the LAg-avidity assay result was 1.5 or less normalized optical density (OD-n) units. RESULTS:: Overall, 4.8% (52/1089) of the samples were misclassified, including 1.8% [16/884, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09-3.06%] of samples from individuals with viral loads above 400 copies/ml and 1.4% (10/705) of samples from individuals with viral loads above 400 copies/ml and CD4 cell counts above 200 cells/mul (95% CI 0.68-2.60%
10.1097/QAD.0000000000000221 [doi]
24513567
PMC4102639
Adult age AIDS analysis antiretroviral therapy assay Baltimore CD4 Cell Count cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Disease epidemiology health Hiv HIV infection immunology Incidence infection infectious diseases intravenous Los Angeles Maryland methods microbiology multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Odds Ratio pathology Public Health research seroconversion sex study therapies therapy Time United States Viral Load
Longosz AF, Mehta SH, Kirk GD, Margolick JB, Brown J, Quinn TC, Eshleman SH, Laeyendecker O (2014). Incorrect identification of recent HIV infection in adults in the United States using a limiting-antigen avidity assay. AIDS, 28(8), 1227-1232. PMC4102639
Journal Article
Long-term cumulative detection of human papillomavirus among HIV seropositive women
AIDS
2014
13-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25188771
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the effects of infection by HIV on the type-specific cumulative detection of cervicovaginal infection by human papillomavirus (HPV). DESIGN: Retrospective assessment of prospectively collected data in a multicenter US cohort. METHODS: HIV-seropositive and at-risk seronegative participants in the Women's Interagency HIV Study were followed semiannually for up to 11 years. HPV typing was determined from cervicovaginal lavage specimens by PCR; types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 68 were considered carcinogenic. RESULTS: Among the 3438 women enrolled (2543 HIV-seropositive, 895 seronegative), the cumulative detection of any HPV infection rose among HIV-seropositive women from 53% at baseline to 92% at 8 years, and among seronegative women from 22 to 66% (P < 0.0001 for HIV-seropositive vs. seronegative women). The 8-year cumulative detection of carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic HPV was 67 and 89% among HIV-seropositive, and 36 and 56% among seronegat
10.1097/QAD.0000000000000455
25188771
PMC4289460
Adult Cohort Studies Female Follow-Up Studies Genotype HIV Infections/*complications Humans Middle Aged Papillomaviridae/*classification/genetics/*isolation & purification Papillomavirus Infections/*epidemiology/virology Polymerase Chain Reaction Prospective Studies Reproductive Tract Infections/*epidemiology/virology Vaginal Douching Young Adult
Massad LS, Xie X, Burk R, Keller MJ, Minkoff H, DʼSouza G, Watts DH, Palefsky J, Young M, Levine AM, Cohen M, Strickler HD (2014). Long-term cumulative detection of human papillomavirus among HIV seropositive women. AIDS, 28(17), 2601-8. PMC4289460
Journal Article
HIV therapy, metabolic and cardiovascular health are associated with glomerular hyperfiltration among men with and without HIV infection
AIDS
2014
1/28/2014
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24670523
OBJECTIVE: Diabetes and hypertension, common conditions in antiretroviral-treated HIV-infected individuals, are associated with glomerular hyperfiltration, which precedes the onset of proteinuria and accelerated kidney function decline. In the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, we examined the extent to which hyperfiltration is present and associated with metabolic, cardiovascular, HIV and treatment risk factors among HIV-infected men. DESIGN: Cross-sectional cohort using direct measurement of glomerular filtration rate by iohexol plasma clearance for 367 HIV-infected men and 241 HIV-uninfected men who were free of chronic kidney disease. METHODS: Hyperfiltration was defined as glomerular filtration rate above 140-1 ml/min per 1.73 m per year over age 40. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) of prevalent hyperfiltration for metabolic, cardiovascular, HIV and cumulative antiretroviral exposure factors. RESULTS: Among individuals without chronic kidney
10.1097/QAD.0000000000000094
24670523
PMC3972628
age AIDS Baltimore Chicago clinical cohort Cohort Studies cohort study cross-sectional Disease Disease Progression epidemiology Glomerular Filtration Rate health Hiv HIV infection Hypertension Illinois infection infectious diseases Iohexol Kidney Los Angeles Maryland measurement methods microbiology multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study multivariate logistic regression New York Odds Ratio Pennsylvania Pittsburgh Plasma predictor Prevalence prevention progression Proteinuria Public Health research Risk Risk Factors study therapies therapy treatment Zidovudine
Ng DK, Jacobson LP, Brown TT, Palella FJ Jr, Martinson JJ, Bolan R, Miller ER 3rd, Schwartz GJ, Abraham AG, Estrella MM. (2014). HIV therapy, metabolic and cardiovascular health are associated with glomerular hyperfiltration among men with and without HIV infection. AIDS, 28(3), 377-386. PMC3972628
Journal Article
A closer look at hepatitis C clearance in HIV controllers
AIDS
2014
15-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25028915
10.1097/QAD.0000000000000207
25028915
Female HIV Infections/*complications *HIV Long-Term Survivors HLA-B Antigens/*genetics/*immunology Hepatitis C/*complications/*immunology Humans Male
Seaberg EC, Thio CL (2014). A closer look at hepatitis C clearance in HIV controllers. AIDS, 28(8), 1242-3.
Journal Article
A closer look at hepatitis C clearance in HIV controllers [Letter]
AIDS
2014
5/15/2014
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25028915
10.1097/QAD.0000000000000207 [doi];00002030-201405150-00020 [pii]
25028915
Antigens Baltimore complications epidemiology Female genetics health hepatitis Hepatitis C Hiv HIV Infections HIV Long-Term Survivors HLA-B Antigens Humans immunology letter Male Maryland Public Health research support
Seaberg EC, Thio CL (2014). A closer look at hepatitis C clearance in HIV controllers [Letter]. AIDS, 28(8), 1242-1243.
Journal Article
Cause-specific mortality among HIV-infected individuals, by CD4(+) cell count at HAART initiation, compared with HIV-uninfected individuals
AIDS
2014
14-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24105030
OBJECTIVES: To compare the proportion, timing and hazards of non-AIDS death and AIDS death among men and women who initiated HAART at different CD4 cell counts to mortality risks of HIV-uninfected persons with similar risk factors. DESIGN: Prospective cohort studies. METHODS: We used parametric mixture models to compare proportions of AIDS and non-AIDS mortality and ages at death, and multivariable Cox models to compare cause-specific hazards of mortality, across levels of CD4 cell count at HAART initiation (</=200 cells/mul: 'late', 201-350 cells/mul: 'intermediate', >350 cells/mul: 'early') and with HIV-uninfected individuals from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and the Women's Interagency HIV Study. We used multiple imputation methods to address lead-time bias in sensitivity analysis. RESULTS: Earlier initiators were more likely to die of non-AIDS causes (early: 78%, intermediate: 74%, late: 49%), and at older ages (median years 72, 69, 66), relative to later initiators. Estimated
10.1097/QAD.0000000000000078
24105030
PMC4164055
Adult Aged Anti-Retroviral Agents/*administration & dosage CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*mortality Humans Male Middle Aged Prospective Studies Survival Analysis
Wada N, Jacobson LP, Cohen M, French A, Phair J, Muñoz A (2014). Cause-specific mortality among HIV-infected individuals, by CD4(+) cell count at HAART initiation, compared with HIV-uninfected individuals. AIDS, 28(2), 257-65. PMC4164055
Journal Article
Relationship of immunologic response to antiretroviral therapy with non-AIDS defining cancer incidence
AIDS
2014
24-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24681415
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the association between immunologic response to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and non-AIDS defining cancer (NADC) incidence in HIV-infected patients. DESIGN: A prospective cohort including patients with at least 1 cell/mul CD4 cell count and HIV-1 RNA measure after ART initiation between 1996 and 2011 in the Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems, a collaboration of eight HIV clinics at major academic medical centres in the United States. METHODS: Measures of immunologic response were 6-month CD4 post-ART, latest CD4 and CD4 count-years, a cumulative measure of CD4 lymphopenia. Cox regression with inverse probability-of-exposure weights was used to calculate adjusted hazard ratios of virus-related and virus-unrelated NADC incidence. RESULTS: Among 9389 patients at ART initiation, median CD4 cell count was 200 cells/mul [interquartile range (IQR) 60-332)], and median HIV-1 RNA was 4.8 log10 copies/ml (IQR 4.3-5.4). Median follow-up was 3.3
10.1097/QAD.0000000000000167
24681415
PMC4040952
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*drug therapy/*immunology Adolescent Adult Anti-Retroviral Agents/*therapeutic use Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*methods CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Female Humans Incidence Male Middle Aged Neoplasms/*epidemiology Prospective Studies RNA, Viral/blood United States/epidemiology Young Adult
Yanik EL, Napravnik S, Cole SR, Achenbach CJ, Gopal S, Dittmer DP, Olshan AF, Kitahata MM, Mugavero MJ, Saag M, Moore RD, Mathews WC, Hunt P, Eron JJ (2014). Relationship of immunologic response to antiretroviral therapy with non-AIDS defining cancer incidence. AIDS, 28(7), 979-87. PMC4040952
Journal Article
NIHMS587183
Do HIV-positive women receive depression treatment that meets best practice guidelines?
AIDS Behav
2014
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24402689
This study addressed whether psychopharmacologic and psychotherapeutic treatment of depressed HIV+ women met standards defined in the best practice literature, and tested hypothesized predictors of standard-concordant care. 1,352 HIV-positive women in the multi-center Women's Interagency HIV Study were queried about depressive symptoms and mental health service utilization using standards published by the American Psychiatric Association and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality to define adequate depression treatment. We identified those who: (1) reported clinically significant depressive symptoms (CSDS) using Centers for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale scores of >/=16; or (2) had lifetime diagnoses of major depressive disorder (MDD) assessed by World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interviews plus concurrent elevated depressive symptoms in the past 12 months. Adequate treatment prevalence was 46.2 % (n = 84) for MDD and 37.9 % (n = 211) for CSDS. Mu
10.1007/s10461-013-0679-6
24402689
PMC4020946
Adult African Americans/statistics & numerical data Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use Antidepressive Agents/*therapeutic use Benchmarking Depression/diagnosis/*drug therapy/epidemiology European Continental Ancestry Group/statistics & numerical data Female HIV Seropositivity/complications/*drug therapy/epidemiology Health Personnel Healthcare Disparities Hispanic Americans/statistics & numerical data Humans Medication Adherence/ethnology/*statistics & numerical data Middle Aged Needs Assessment Prevalence Self Report United States Women's Health/ethnology
Cook JA, Burke-Miller JK, Grey DD, Cocohoba J, Liu C, Schwartz RM, Golub ET, Anastos K, Steigman PJ, Cohen MH (2014). Do HIV-positive women receive depression treatment that meets best practice guidelines?. AIDS Behav, 18(6), 1094-102. PMC4020946
Journal Article
Critical consciousness, racial and gender discrimination, and HIV disease markers in African American women with HIV
AIDS Behav
2014
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24077930
Critical consciousness, the awareness of social oppression, is important to investigate as a buffer against HIV disease progression in HIV-infected African American women in the context of experiences with discrimination. Critical consciousness comprises several dimensions, including social group identification, discontent with distribution of social power, rejection of social system legitimacy, and a collective action orientation. The current study investigated self-reported critical consciousness as a moderator of perceived gender and racial discrimination on HIV viral load and CD4+ cell count in 67 African American HIV-infected women. Higher critical consciousness was found to be related to higher likelihood of having CD4+ counts over 350 and lower likelihood of detectable viral load when perceived racial discrimination was high, as revealed by multiple logistic regressions that controlled for highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) adherence. Multiple linear regressions showed
10.1007/s10461-013-0621-y
24077930
PMC4010552
*African Americans CD4 Lymphocyte Count Chicago/epidemiology Disease Progression Female HIV Infections/*epidemiology/psychology Humans Logistic Models Longitudinal Studies Medication Adherence Patient Outcome Assessment Racism/ethnology/psychology/*statistics & numerical data Resilience, Psychological Sexism/ethnology/psychology/*statistics & numerical data Surveys and Questionnaires United States/epidemiology Viral Load
Kelso GA, Cohen MH, Weber KM, Dale SK, Cruise RC, Brody LR (2014). Critical consciousness, racial and gender discrimination, and HIV disease markers in African American women with HIV. AIDS Behav, 18(7), 1237-46. PMC4010552
Journal Article
Gender role behaviors of high affiliation and low self-silencing predict better adherence to antiretroviral therapy in women with HIV
AIDS Patient Care STDS
2014
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25007140
10.1089/apc.2014.0068
25007140
PMC4135315
Adult Aged Anti-Retroviral Agents/*therapeutic use CD4 Lymphocyte Count Chicago Cross-Sectional Studies Female Gender Identity HIV Infections/*drug therapy Humans Interpersonal Relations Logistic Models Middle Aged *Self Concept *Sex Factors Surveys and Questionnaires Viral Load
Brody LR, Stokes LR, Kelso GA, Dale SK, Cruise RC, Weber KM, Burke-Miller JK, Cohen MH. (2014). Gender role behaviors of high affiliation and low self-silencing predict better adherence to antiretroviral therapy in women with HIV. AIDS Patient Care STDS, 28(9), 459-61. PMC4135315
Journal Article
Abuse and resilience in relation to HAART medication adherence and HIV viral load among women with HIV in the United States
AIDS Patient Care STDS
2014
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24568654
Abuse is highly prevalent among HIV+ women, leading to behaviors, including lower adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) that result in poor health outcomes. Resilience (functioning competently despite adversity) may buffer the negative effects of abuse. This study investigated how resilience interacted with abuse history in relation to HAART adherence, HIV viral load (VL), and CD4+ cell count among a convenience sample of 138 HIV+ women from the Ruth M. Rothstein CORE Center/Cook County Health and Hospital Systems site of the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). Resilience was measured by the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). HAART adherence (>/=95% vs. <95% self reported usage of prescribed medication) and current or prior sexual, physical, or emotional/domestic abuse, were reported during structured interviews. HIV viral load (>/=20 vs. <20 copies/mL) and CD4+ count (200 vs. <200 cells/mm) were measured with blood specimens. Multiple logistic re
10.1089/apc.2013.0329
24568654
PMC3948478
Adult Aged Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*psychology CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cross-Sectional Studies Depression/complications Female HIV Infections/complications/*drug therapy/psychology/*virology Humans Logistic Models Medication Adherence/*psychology Middle Aged *Resilience, Psychological Sex Offenses Spouse Abuse/*psychology Substance-Related Disorders/complications Surveys and Questionnaires Treatment Outcome United States/epidemiology *Viral Load
Dale S, Cohen M, Weber K, Cruise R, Kelso G, Brody L (2014). Abuse and resilience in relation to HAART medication adherence and HIV viral load among women with HIV in the United States. AIDS Patient Care STDS, 28(3), 136-43. PMC3948478
Journal Article
Psychosocial correlates of gender-based violence among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women in three US cities
AIDS Patient Care STDS
2014
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24724987
Gender-based violence (GBV) is common among women with and at risk for HIV, yet little is known about the GBV associated psychological factors that could be modifiable through behavioral interventions. The current study examined the associations between some of these psychological factors (i.e., hopelessness, consideration of future consequences, self esteem), mental health symptoms, substance abuse, and GBV among a sample of 736 HIV-infected and sociodemographically similar uninfected participants in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). Results indicated high rates of lifetime GBV among the sample (58%), as well as high rates of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) (22.2%). HIV-infected women were more likely to be hopeless and to experience lower consideration of future consequences as compared to uninfected women. Multivariable analysis indicated that current non-injection drug use and a history of injection drug use were the main correlates of GBV and CSA, even when other psychosocial
10.1089/apc.2013.0342
24724987
PMC4011431
Adult Cities Depression/psychology Female HIV Infections/epidemiology/*prevention & control/*psychology/transmission Humans Logistic Models Longitudinal Studies Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis Risk Factors Socioeconomic Factors Urban Population Violence/*psychology
Schwartz RM, Weber KM, Schechter GE, Connors NC, Gousse Y, Young MA, Cohen MH (2014). Psychosocial correlates of gender-based violence among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women in three US cities. AIDS Patient Care STDS, 28(5), 260-7. PMC4011431
Journal Article
Taking it one day at a time: African American women aging with HIV and co-morbidities
AIDS Patient Care STDS
2014
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24933093
Self-managing HIV/AIDS presents challenges for anyone infected. These challenges may be further complicated for older HIV-infected African American women who acquired the disease at younger ages and now have co-morbidities. Little is known regarding how women's age identity, social responsibilities, co-morbidities, and romantic relationship status influence their HIV self-management. Five focus groups were conducted in Washington DC, with HIV-positive African American women aged 52-65. Topics included HIV and co-morbidity self-management, social support needs, medication adherence, and future plans for old age. A constant comparison approach was applied during data analysis. Co-morbidities, including diabetes and hypertension, were perceived to be more difficult to self-manage than HIV. This difficulty was not attributed to aging but to daily struggles such as lack of income and/or health insurance, an inflexible work schedule, and loneliness. Social responsibilities, including caring
10.1089/apc.2014.0024
24933093
PMC4074760
Adaptation, Psychological African Americans/*psychology Aged Aging Chronic Disease Comorbidity District of Columbia/epidemiology Female Focus Groups HIV Infections/*ethnology/*psychology Humans Medication Adherence Middle Aged Qualitative Research Quality of Life Self Care/*psychology Sickness Impact Profile Social Support Socioeconomic Factors
Warren-Jeanpiere L, Dillaway H, Hamilton P, Young M, Goparaju L (2014). Taking it one day at a time: African American women aging with HIV and co-morbidities. AIDS Patient Care STDS, 28(7), 372-80. PMC4074760
Journal Article
Worth the weight: using inverse probability weighted Cox models in AIDS research
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2014
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25183195
In an observational study with a time-to-event outcome, the standard analytical approach is the Cox proportional hazards regression model. As an alternative to the standard Cox model, in this article we present a method that uses inverse probability (IP) weights to estimate the effect of a baseline exposure on a time-to-event outcome. IP weighting can be used to adjust for multiple measured confounders of a baseline exposure in order to estimate marginal effects, which compare the distribution of outcomes when the entire population is exposed versus when the entire population is unexposed. For example, IP-weighted Cox models allow for estimation of the marginal hazard ratio and marginal survival curves. IP weights can also be employed to adjust for selection bias due to loss to follow-up. This approach is illustrated using an example that estimates the effect of injection drug use on time until AIDS or death among HIV-infected women.
10.1089/AID.2014.0037
25183195
PMC4250953
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*epidemiology/etiology/mortality Adult Female Humans Kaplan-Meier Estimate Models, Statistical *Proportional Hazards Models Substance Abuse, Intravenous/complications Survival Analysis
Buchanan AL, Hudgens MG, Cole SR, Lau B, Adimora AA; Women's Interagency HIV Study (2014). Worth the weight: using inverse probability weighted Cox models in AIDS research. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 30(12), 1170-7. PMC4250953
Journal Article
Comparison of antibodies that mediate HIV type 1 gp120 antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in asymptomatic HIV type 1-positive men and women
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2014
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23972002
Recent studies suggest that HIV-specific antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) antibodies contribute to protective immunity against HIV. An important characteristic of future HIV vaccines will, therefore, be the ability to stimulate production of these antibodies in both men and women. Early studies suggest that men may have a better ADCC antibody response against HIV than women. Our objective was to determine whether men and women differ with respect to their ADCC response to HIV-1 gp120. HIV-positive, asymptomatic untreated men and women were matched for race, age, CD4(+) T cell number, HIV-1 viral load, and treatment and HIV-1 gp120 ADCC antibody titers were compared. A standard (51)Cr-release assay was used to determine HIV-1 gp120 ADCC antibody titers in HIV-1-seropositive individuals from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS; n=32) and the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS; n=32). Both sexes had high ADCC titers against HIV-1 gp120: 34.4% (n=11) and 40.6% (n=1
10.1089/AID.2012.0377
23972002
PMC3887406
Adult Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity/*immunology Asymptomatic Infections/*epidemiology CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic Disease Progression Female HIV Antibodies/blood/immunology HIV Envelope Protein gp120/*immunology HIV Infections/*immunology/virology HIV Seropositivity/*immunology HIV-1/immunology Humans Male Middle Aged Viral Load
Mata MM, Iwema JR, Dell S, Neems L, Jamieson BD, Phair J, Cohen MH, Anastos K, Baum LL (2014). Comparison of antibodies that mediate HIV type 1 gp120 antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in asymptomatic HIV type 1-positive men and women. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 30(1), 50-7. PMC3887406
Journal Article
HIV's ticket to ride: Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-activated dendritic cells exploited for virus intercellular transfer
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2014
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25354022
10.1089/aid.2014.0218
25354022
PMC4208601
Cell Membrane/physiology Cell Surface Extensions/physiology/virology Cytokines/metabolism Dendritic Cells/*immunology/*virology HIV/immunology/*physiology HIV Infections/immunology/*virology Humans *Immune Evasion Immune Tolerance Microscopy, Confocal Microscopy, Fluorescence Microscopy, Interference T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*immunology
Zaccard CR, Watkins SC, Ayyavoo V, Rinaldo CR, Mailliard RB (2014). HIV's ticket to ride: Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-activated dendritic cells exploited for virus intercellular transfer. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 30(11), 1023-4. PMC4208601
Journal Article
Morning free and total testosterone in HIV-infected men: implications for the assessment of hypogonadism
AIDS Res Ther
2014
22-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24450960
BACKGROUND: Hypogonadism is common among HIV-infected men, even among men receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). Our objective in this study was to determine the prevalence of biochemical hypogonadism among HIV-infected men compared with HIV-uninfected controls. We also examined the use of free testosterone (FT) and total testosterone (TT) measurements in the assessment of biochemical hypogonadism in HIV-infected and -uninfected men. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional analysis from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). TT levels were measured from archived serum using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. FT was calculated from TT and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) (measured by radioimmunoassay) using the Vermeulen equation. Biochemical hypogonadism was defined as having low TT, low FT, or both. RESULTS: Of 945 men in the MACS Cardiovascular Substudy, T assays were not performed in 89 because of insufficient/no stored serum (n = 18) or use of T replacement therapy
10.1186/1742-6405-11-6
24450960
PMC3900935
AIDS analysis antiretroviral therapy ART assay Baltimore cohort Cohort Studies cohort study control cross-sectional diagnostic Hypogonadism MACS measurement methods multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Prevalence Radioimmunoassay sera Serum sex Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin study Testosterone therapies therapy
Monroe AK, Dobs AS, Palella FJ, Kingsley LA, Witt MD, Brown TT (2014). Morning free and total testosterone in HIV-infected men: implications for the assessment of hypogonadism. AIDS Res Ther, 11(1), 6. PMC3900935
Journal Article
Associations of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide with kidney function decline in persons without clinical heart failure in the Heart and Soul Study
Am Heart J
2014
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25458658
BACKGROUND: Subclinical volume overload in the absence of diagnosed heart failure (HF) may be an underrecognized contributor to kidney function decline in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. We evaluated associations of circulating N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), a marker of ventricular stretch, with change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). METHODS: We evaluated 535 patients with stable CAD and no history of HF, who were enrolled in the Heart and Soul Study and followed for 5 years. N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide was measured at baseline. We evaluated the associations of NT-proBNP with change in kidney function over 5 years: (a) annual percent change in eGFR, (b) rapid kidney function loss (> 3% per year for 5 years), and (c) incident eGFR < 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2. In multivariable models, we adjusted for demographics, comorbid conditions, echocardiographic parameters, medications, and baseline kidney function. RESULTS: Among 535 parti
10.1016/j.ahj.2014.09.008
25458658
PMC4254643
Aged Asymptomatic Diseases Biomarkers/blood *Coronary Artery Disease/blood/complications/epidemiology/physiopathology Disease Progression Female Follow-Up Studies Glomerular Filtration Rate *Heart Failure/diagnosis/etiology/physiopathology Humans Male Middle Aged Natriuretic Peptide, Brain/*blood Peptide Fragments/*blood Prognosis Prospective Studies Renal Blood Flow, Effective *Renal Insufficiency/blood/diagnosis/epidemiology/etiology/physiopathology Risk Factors United States/epidemiology Ventricular Function/physiology
Park M, Vittinghoff E, Shlipak MG, Mishra R, Whooley M, Bansal N (2014). Associations of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide with kidney function decline in persons without clinical heart failure in the Heart and Soul Study. Am Heart J, 168(6), 931-9 e2. PMC4254643
Journal Article
NIHMS632781
Comparison of racial differences in plaque composition and stenosis between HIV-positive and HIV-negative men from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
Am J Cardiol
2014
8/1/2014
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24929623
Previous studies demonstrated that blacks have less coronary artery calcification (CAC) than whites. We evaluated racial differences in plaque composition and stenosis in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. HIV-positive and HIV-negative men underwent noncontrast cardiac computed tomography (CT) if they were aged 40 to 70 years, weighed <136 kg, and had no history of cardiac surgery or revascularization and, if eligible, coronary CT angiography (CTA). There were 1,001 men who underwent CT scans and 759 men CTA. We measured CAC on noncontrast CT and identified total plaque, noncalcified plaque, calcified plaque, mixed plaque, and coronary stenosis >50% on CTA. The association of presence and extent of plaque with race was determined after adjustment for HIV serostatus, cardiovascular risk factors, and measures of socioeconomic status. The prevalences of any plaque on CTA and noncalcified plaque were not different between black and white men; however, black men had lower prevalences of CAC
10.1016/j.amjcard.2014.04.049
24929623
PMC4143765
Aged AIDS Baltimore Blacks Chicago cohort Cohort Studies cohort study epidemiology health history Hiv Illinois Los Angeles Maryland model multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Pennsylvania Pittsburgh Prevalence Public Health research Risk Risk Factors serostatus study Whites
Miller PE, Budoff M, Zikusoka M, Li X, Palella F Jr, Kingsley LA, Witt MD, Sharrett AR, Jacobson LP, Post WS (2014). Comparison of racial differences in plaque composition and stenosis between HIV-positive and HIV-negative men from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Am J Cardiol, 114(3), 369-375. PMC4143765
Journal Article
The authors reply
Am J Epidemiol
2014
15-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24989243
10.1093/aje/kwu167
24989243
PMC4809980
*Decision Support Techniques *Epidemiologic Research Design Female HIV Infections/*complications Humans Male Myocardial Infarction/*diagnosis
Crane HM, Heckbert SR, Drozd DR, Budoff MJ, Delaney JA, Rodriguez C, Paramsothy P, Lober WB, Burkholder G, Willig JH, Mugavero MJ, Mathews WC, Crane PK, Moore RD, Napravnik S, Eron JJ, Hunt P, Geng E, Hsue P, Barnes GS, McReynolds J, Peter I, Grunfeld C, Saag MS, Kitahata MM (2014). The authors reply. Am J Epidemiol, 180(4), 450. PMC4809980
Journal Article
Lessons learned from the design and implementation of myocardial infarction adjudication tailored for HIV clinical cohorts
Am J Epidemiol
2014
15-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24618065
We developed, implemented, and evaluated a myocardial infarction (MI) adjudication protocol for cohort research of human immunodeficiency virus. Potential events were identified through the centralized Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems data repository using MI diagnoses and/or cardiac enzyme laboratory results (1995-2012). Sites assembled de-identified packets, including physician notes and results from electrocardiograms, procedures, and laboratory tests. Information pertaining to the specific antiretroviral medications used was redacted for blinded review. Two experts reviewed each packet, and a third review was conducted if discrepancies occurred. Reviewers categorized probable/definite MIs as primary or secondary and identified secondary causes of MIs. The positive predictive value and sensitivity for each identification/ascertainment method were calculated. Of the 1,119 potential events that were adjudicated, 294 (26%) were definite/probable MIs. Alm
10.1093/aje/kwu010
24618065
PMC3966717
Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Cohort Studies *Decision Support Techniques *Epidemiologic Research Design False Positive Reactions Female HIV Infections/*complications Humans Male Middle Aged Myocardial Infarction/*diagnosis/etiology Predictive Value of Tests Sensitivity and Specificity Single-Blind Method Hiv myocardial infarction validation
Crane HM, Heckbert SR, Drozd DR, Budoff MJ, Delaney JA, Rodriguez C, Paramsothy P, Lober WB, Burkholder G, Willig JH, Mugavero MJ, Mathews WC, Crane PK, Moore RD, Napravnik S, Eron JJ, Hunt P, Geng E, Hsue P, Barnes GS, McReynolds J, Peter I, Grunfeld C, Saag MS, Kitahata MM; Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems Cohort Investigators (2014). Lessons learned from the design and implementation of myocardial infarction adjudication tailored for HIV clinical cohorts. Am J Epidemiol, 179(8), 996-1005. PMC3966717
Journal Article
Risk factors for fatty liver in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
Am J Gastroenterol
2014
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24642579
OBJECTIVES: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and antiretroviral therapy (ART) may increase the risk of fatty liver disease. We determined the prevalence of and risk factors for fatty liver by comparing HIV-infected men with HIV-uninfected men who have sex with men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). METHODS: In 719 MACS participants who consumed less than three alcoholic drinks daily, fatty liver was defined as a liver-to-spleen attenuation ratio <1 on noncontrast computed tomography (CT). We genotyped single nucleotide polymorphisms in the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3) gene and in other genes previously associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Risk factors for fatty liver were determined using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS: Among 254 HIV-uninfected men and 465 HIV-infected men, 56% were White with median age 53 years and median body mass index 25.8 kg/m(2). The vast majority of HIV-infected men (92%) were on ART, and
10.1038/ajg.2014.32
24642579
PMC4133993
Anti-HIV Agents/adverse effects/therapeutic use Case-Control Studies Cohort Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Fatty Liver/epidemiology/*etiology Genetic Markers Genetic Predisposition to Disease Genotype HIV Infections/*complications Homosexuality, Male Humans Insulin Resistance Lipase/genetics Logistic Models Male Membrane Proteins/genetics Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Obesity, Abdominal/complications Prevalence Prospective Studies Risk Factors
Price JC, Seaberg EC, Latanich R, Budoff MJ, Kingsley LA, Palella FJ Jr, Witt MD, Post WS, Thio CL (2014). Risk factors for fatty liver in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Am J Gastroenterol, 109(5), 695-704. PMC4133993
Journal Article
Serum albumin and kidney function decline in HIV-infected women
Am J Kidney Dis
2014
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25059222
BACKGROUND: Serum albumin concentrations are a strong predictor of mortality and cardiovascular disease in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. We studied the longitudinal associations between serum albumin levels and kidney function decline in a population of HIV-infected women. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort analysis. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: Study participants were recruited from the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), a large observational study designed to understand risk factors for the progression of HIV infection in women living in urban communities. 908 participants had baseline assessment of kidney function and 2 follow-up measurements over an average of 8 years. PREDICTOR: The primary predictor was serum albumin concentration. OUTCOMES: We examined annual change in kidney function. Secondary outcomes included rapid kidney function decline and incident reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). MEASUREMENTS: Kidney function decline was deter
10.1053/j.ajkd.2014.05.015
25059222
PMC4177337
*AIDS-Associated Nephropathy/blood/epidemiology/physiopathology Adult Creatinine/blood Disease Progression Female Glomerular Filtration Rate Hiv Humans Kidney Function Tests Prognosis *Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/blood/epidemiology/physiopathology Retrospective Studies Risk Factors Serum Albumin/*analysis United States/epidemiology Albumin HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) albuminuria chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression disease trajectory incident reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) kidney function
Lang J, Scherzer R, Tien PC, Parikh CR, Anastos K, Estrella MM, Abraham AG, Sharma A, Cohen MH, Butch AW, Nowicki M, Grunfeld C, Shlipak MG (2014). Serum albumin and kidney function decline in HIV-infected women. Am J Kidney Dis, 64(4), 584-91. PMC4177337
Journal Article
NIHMS607195
Association of a cystatin C gene variant with cystatin C levels, CKD, and risk of incident cardiovascular disease and mortality
Am J Kidney Dis
2014
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23932088
BACKGROUND: Carriers of the T allele of the single-nucleotide polymorphism rs13038305 tend to have lower cystatin C levels and higher cystatin C-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFRcys). Adjusting for this genetic effect on cystatin C concentrations may improve GFR estimation, reclassify cases of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and strengthen risk estimates for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. STUDY DESIGN: Observational. SETTING & POPULATION: 4 population-based cohorts: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC), Cardiovascular Health (CHS), Framingham Heart (FHS), and Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) studies. PREDICTORS: We estimated the association of rs13038305 with eGFRcys and serum creatinine-based eGFR (eGFRcr) and performed longitudinal analyses of the associations of eGFRcys with mortality and cardiovascular events following adjustment for rs13038305. OUTCOMES: We assessed reclassification by genotype-adjusted eGFRcys across CKD categories:
10.1053/j.ajkd.2013.06.015
23932088
PMC3872167
Aged Bias Biomarkers/blood *Cardiovascular Diseases/blood/genetics/mortality Creatinine/blood *Cystatin C/blood/genetics Female Genetic Variation Glomerular Filtration Rate/*genetics Humans Male Middle Aged Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide *Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/blood/classification/epidemiology/genetics/physiopathology Risk Assessment Risk Factors Severity of Illness Index Statistics as Topic Survival Rate Cystatin C chronic kidney disease genetics net reclassification improvement single-nucleotide polymorphism
O'Seaghdha CM, Tin A, Yang Q, Katz R, Liu Y, Harris T, Astor B, Coresh J, Fox CS, Kao WH, Shlipak MG (2014). Association of a cystatin C gene variant with cystatin C levels, CKD, and risk of incident cardiovascular disease and mortality. Am J Kidney Dis, 63(1), 16-22. PMC3872167
Journal Article
NIHMS514911
Smoking cessation and recidivism in the Women's Interagency Human Immunodeficiency Virus Study
Am J Prev Med
2014
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24746376
BACKGROUND: Smoking increases the risk of morbidity and mortality and is particularly harmful to HIV-infected people. PURPOSE: To explore smoking trends and longitudinal factors associated with smoking cessation and recidivism among participants in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. METHODS: From 1994 through 2011, a total of 2,961 HIV-infected and 981 HIV-uninfected women were enrolled and underwent semi-annual interviews and specimen collection. Smoking prevalence was evaluated annually and risk factors associated with time to smoking cessation and recidivism were analyzed in 2013 using survival models. RESULTS: The annual cigarette smoking prevalence declined from 57% in 1995 to 39% in 2011 (p-trend<0.0001). Among smokers, factors significantly associated with a longer time to smoking cessation included less education, alcohol use, having health insurance, >10-year smoking duration, self-reported poor health rating, and having hypertension. Pregnancy in the past 6 months was associa
10.1016/j.amepre.2014.02.010
24746376
PMC4065848
Adolescent Adult Age Factors Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/methods Female HIV Infections/*complications/drug therapy Humans Longitudinal Studies Middle Aged Prevalence Risk Factors Smoking/adverse effects/*epidemiology Smoking Cessation/*statistics & numerical data Smoking Prevention Time Factors Young Adult
Hessol NA, Weber KM, D'Souza G, Burton D, Young M, Milam J, Murchison L, Gandhi M, Cohen MH. (2014). Smoking cessation and recidivism in the Women's Interagency Human Immunodeficiency Virus Study. Am J Prev Med, 47(1), 53-69. PMC4065848
Journal Article
Sexual minority women and depressive symptoms throughout adulthood
Am J Public Health
2014
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25320890
OBJECTIVES: We examined the associations between depressive symptoms and sexual identity and behavior among women with or at risk for HIV. METHODS: We analyzed longitudinal data from 1811 participants in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) from 1994 to 2013 in Brooklyn and the Bronx, New York; Chicago, Illinois; Washington, DC; and Los Angeles and San Francisco, California, by comparing depressive symptoms by baseline sexual identity and ongoing sexual behavior. We controlled for age, socioeconomic status, violence history, and substance use. RESULTS: In separate analyses, bisexual women and women who reported having sex with both men and women during follow-up had higher unadjusted odds of depressive symptoms compared with heterosexuals and women who reported only having male sexual partners (adjusted odd ratio [AOR] = 1.36; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.10, 1.69 and AOR = 1.21; 95% CI = 1.06, 1.37, respectively). Age was a significant effect modifier in multivariable analysis
10.2105/AJPH.2014.302259
25320890
PMC4232124
Adolescent Adult Aged Bisexuality/*psychology Demography Depression/*epidemiology/*psychology Female Homosexuality, Female/*psychology Humans Middle Aged
Pyra M, Weber KM, Wilson TE, Cohen J, Murchison L, Goparaju L, Golub ET, Cohen MH (2014). Sexual minority women and depressive symptoms throughout adulthood. Am J Public Health, 104(12), e83-90. PMC4232124
Journal Article
Phenotype and functionality of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the upper reproductive tract of healthy premenopausal women
Am J Reprod Immunol
2014
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24313954
PROBLEM: The goal of this study was to investigate the phenotype and functional responsiveness of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cells in the upper reproductive tract of healthy premenopausal women. The lower reproductive tract is frequently studied as a site of sexually transmitted infections; however, the upper reproductive tract may also be a portal of entry and dissemination for pathogens, including HIV-1. METHOD OF STUDY: Endometrial biopsy, endocervical curettage, cytobrush, and blood were collected during mid-luteal phase from 23 healthy women. T-cells were isolated and analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: As compared with their counterparts in blood, endometrial and endocervical T-cells had enhanced CCR5 expression, and were enriched for activated, effector memory cells. Endometrial T-cells were more responsive to polyclonal stimuli, producing a broad range of cytokines and chemokines. CONCLUSION: These findings underscore the responsiveness of endometrial T-cells to stimulation, and reve
10.1111/aji.12182
24313954
PMC3947236
Adult CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology Cell Separation Cells, Cultured Cervix Uteri/*immunology Cytokines/metabolism Endometrium/*immunology Female Flow Cytometry Humans Immunologic Memory Immunophenotyping Lymphocyte Activation Premenopause Receptors, CCR5/metabolism T-Lymphocyte Subsets/*immunology Women's Health Ctl Hiv Std T-cell endocervix endometrium
Shanmugasundaram U, Critchfield JW, Pannell J, Perry J, Giudice LC, Smith-McCune K, Greenblatt RM, Shacklett BL (2014). Phenotype and functionality of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the upper reproductive tract of healthy premenopausal women. Am J Reprod Immunol, 71(2), 95-108. PMC3947236
Journal Article
Associations between HIV infection and subclinical coronary atherosclerosis
Ann Intern Med
2014
4/1/2014
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24687069
BACKGROUND: Coronary artery disease (CAD) has been associated with HIV infection, but data are not consistent. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether HIV-infected men have more coronary atherosclerosis than uninfected men. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. PARTICIPANTS: HIV-infected (n = 618) and uninfected (n = 383) men who have sex with men who were aged 40 to 70 years, weighed less than 136 kg (200 lb), and had no history of coronary revascularization. MEASUREMENTS: Presence and extent of coronary artery calcium (CAC) on noncontrast cardiac computed tomography (CT) and of any plaque; noncalcified, mixed, or calcified plaque; or stenosis on coronary CT angiography. RESULTS: 1001 men had noncontrast CT, of whom 759 had coronary CT angiography. After adjustment for age, race, CT scanning center, and cohort, HIV-infected men had a greater prevalence of CAC (prevalence ratio [PR], 1.21 [95% CI, 1.08 to 1.35]; P = 0.001) and any plaque (PR, 1.14 [CI, 1.05 to
10.7326/M13-1754
24687069
PMC4143766
age Aged AIDS antiretroviral therapy Atherosclerosis blood Calcium CD4+ cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Coronary Artery Disease cross-sectional Cross-Sectional Studies Disease duration history Hiv HIV infection infection infectious diseases Lung measurement multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Prevalence Risk Risk Factors sex study t cell therapies therapy
Post WS, Budoff M, Kingsley L, Palella FJ Jr, Witt MD, Li X, George RT, Brown TT, Jacobson LP (2014). Associations between HIV infection and subclinical coronary atherosclerosis. Ann Intern Med, 160(7), 458-467. PMC4143766
Journal Article
HIV infection and subclinical coronary atherosclerosis
Ann Intern Med
2014
12/16/2014
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25506861
10.7326/L14-5033-2
25506861
Atherosclerosis complications Coronary Artery Disease Hiv HIV infection HIV Infections Humans infection letter Male
Post WS, George RT, Budoff M (2014). HIV infection and subclinical coronary atherosclerosis. Ann Intern Med, 161(12), 923-924.
Journal Article
Association between systemic inflammation and obstructive sleep apnea in men with or at risk for HIV infection
Antivir Ther
2014
2014
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24518040
BACKGROUND: We sought to determine whether markers of systemic inflammation are associated with the presence of moderate/severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and whether this association differs based on HIV and HIV treatment status. METHODS: HIV-uninfected men (HIV-; n=60), HIV-infected men receiving HAART (HIV+/HAART; n=58) and HIV-infected men not receiving HAART (HIV+/no HAART; n=41) underwent polysomnograpy and measurement of plasma levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, soluble TNF-alpha receptors I and II (sTNFRI and sTNFRII) and interleukin (IL)-6. The relationship between moderate/severe OSA (respiratory disturbance index >/=15 apnea/hypopnea events/h) and inflammatory markers was assessed with multivariable regression models. RESULTS: Compared with the HIV- men, HIV+/HAART men and HIV+/no HAART men had higher levels of TNF-alpha, sTNFRI and sTNFRII, independent of age, race, smoking status, obstructive lung disease (OLD) and body mass index (BMI). Moderate/severe OSA w
10.3851/IMP2745
24518040
PMC4130807
Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Biomarkers/blood Coinfection Cytokines/blood HIV Infections/*complications/diagnosis/drug therapy Humans Inflammation/blood/*complications/*epidemiology Inflammation Mediators/blood Male Middle Aged Polysomnography Risk Factors Severity of Illness Index Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/blood/*complications/diagnosis/*epidemiology
Brigham EP, Patil SP, Jacobson LP, Margolick JB, Godfrey R, Johnson J, Johnson-Hill LM, Reynolds S, Schwartz AR, Smith PL, Brown TT (2014). Association between systemic inflammation and obstructive sleep apnea in men with or at risk for HIV infection. Antivir Ther, 19(8), 725-33. PMC4130807
Journal Article
Hepatic safety and tolerability of raltegravir among HIV patients coinfected with hepatitis B and/or C
Antivir Ther
2014
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24458137
BACKGROUND: Potential liver toxicity is an important consideration for antiretroviral selection among patients coinfected with HIV and viral hepatitis (B and/or C). We sought to describe the hepatic safety profile of raltegravir in this population. METHODS: Using data from HIV clinical cohorts at Johns Hopkins University and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, we evaluated factors associated with liver enzyme elevations (LEEs) and calculated adverse event incidence rates for patients initiated on raltegravir-containing regimens prior to 1 January 2010. LEEs were graded according to Division of AIDS definitions. RESULTS: During the study period, 456 patients received raltegravir - of whom 36% were hepatitis-coinfected (138 HCV, 17 HBV, 11 HBV+HCV). Coinfected patients were more likely to have baseline abnormal LEEs and developed severe (grade 3-4) LEEs at a rate 3.4x that of HIV-monoinfected patients (95% CI 1.28, 9.61). Among all participants, the incidence rate for first
10.3851/IMP2738
24458137
PMC4108567
Adult Aged Anti-HIV Agents/*adverse effects/therapeutic use CD4 Lymphocyte Count Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/enzymology/*etiology *Coinfection Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/immunology/virology *Hepatitis B *Hepatitis C Humans Liver/drug effects/enzymology Male Middle Aged Pyrrolidinones/*adverse effects/therapeutic use Raltegravir Potassium Treatment Outcome Viral Load Young Adult
Hurt CB, Napravnik S, Moore RD, Eron JJ Jr (2014). Hepatic safety and tolerability of raltegravir among HIV patients coinfected with hepatitis B and/or C. Antivir Ther, 19(4), 415-22. PMC4108567
Journal Article
NIHMS572570
Does HIV infection promote early kidney injury in women?
Antivir Ther
2014
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23970313
BACKGROUND: In HIV-infected women, urine concentrations of novel tubulointerstitial injury markers, interleukin-18 (IL-18) and kidney injury marker-1 (KIM-1), are associated with kidney function decline and all-cause mortality. We hypothesized that HIV-infected individuals with preserved kidney filtration function would have more extensive kidney injury, as determined by urine injury markers, compared to the uninfected controls, and that risk factors for tubulointerstitial injury would differ from risk factors for albuminuria. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we compared urine concentrations of IL-18, KIM-1 and albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) in 908 HIV-infected and 289 HIV-uninfected women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study, utilizing stored urine specimens from visits between 1999 and 2000. RESULTS: After multivariate-adjusted linear regression analysis, mean urine concentrations were higher in HIV-infected individuals by 38% for IL-18 (P<0.0001), 12% for KIM-1 (P
10.3851/IMP2677
23970313
PMC3933452
Adult Aged Albuminuria Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Biomarkers/urine CD4 Lymphocyte Count Creatinine/urine Cross-Sectional Studies Female HIV Infections/*complications/drug therapy/immunology/virology Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1 Humans Interleukin-18/urine Kidney Diseases/*etiology/physiopathology/urine Membrane Glycoproteins/urine Middle Aged Prospective Studies Receptors, Virus Risk Factors Viral Load Young Adult
Jotwani V, Scherzer R, Abraham A, Estrella MM, Bennett M, Devarajan P, Anastos K, Cohen MH, Nowicki M, Sharma A, Young M, Tien PC, Grunfeld C, Parikh CR, Shlipak MG (2014). Does HIV infection promote early kidney injury in women?. Antivir Ther, 19(1), 79-87. PMC3933452
Journal Article
NIHMS548056
Role of soluble endothelial cell-selective adhesion molecule biomarker in albuminuria and kidney function changes in patients with coronary artery disease: the Heart and Soul Study
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol
2014
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24177327
OBJECTIVE: Endothelial dysfunction is a possible mechanism to explain the association between atherosclerosis and kidney disease. This study evaluated circulating soluble endothelial cell-selective adhesion molecule (sESAM), a marker of endothelial dysfunction, as a risk factor for kidney function decline and albuminuria. APPROACH AND RESULTS: In the Heart and Soul Study, we measured sESAM from baseline serum samples and defined elevated levels of sESAM by the highest quartile (quartile 4 [Q4]: >65.4 ng/mL). We evaluated the associations of high sESAM with baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and ratio of urine albumin to creatinine (ACR), and with longitudinal changes in eGFR and ACR. Among 990 participants with sESAM measurements, median sESAM was 54.5 ng/mL (interquartile range, 45.3-65.8). After multivariable adjustment, elevated levels of sESAM were strongly and independently associated with baseline reduced eGFR <60 mL/min per 1.73 m(2) (odds ratio [OR], 11.44; P<
10.1161/ATVBAHA.113.301806
24177327
PMC4059045
Aged Aged, 80 and over Albuminuria/*blood/diagnosis/physiopathology/urine Biomarkers/blood/urine Cell Adhesion Molecules/*blood Coronary Artery Disease/*blood/diagnosis/physiopathology Creatinine/urine Cross-Sectional Studies Endothelium, Vascular/*physiopathology Female Glomerular Filtration Rate Humans Kidney/*physiopathology Linear Models Logistic Models Longitudinal Studies Male Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis Odds Ratio Prospective Studies Risk Factors San Francisco Time Factors Up-Regulation albuminuria atherosclerosis kidney diseases
Park M, Vittinghoff E, Ganz P, Peralta CA, Whooley M, Shlipak MG (2014). Role of soluble endothelial cell-selective adhesion molecule biomarker in albuminuria and kidney function changes in patients with coronary artery disease: the Heart and Soul Study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 34(1), 231-6. PMC4059045
Journal Article
NIHMS582629
Macrophage inflammatory markers are associated with subclinical carotid artery disease in women with human immunodeficiency virus or hepatitis C virus infection
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol
2014
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24651679
OBJECTIVE: Infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may be associated with atherosclerosis and vascular disease. Macrophages are a major component of atherosclerotic plaque, and classically activated (M1) macrophages contribute to plaque instability. Our goal was to identify plasma biomarkers that reflect macrophage inflammation and are associated with subclinical atherosclerosis. APPROACH AND RESULTS: We tested whether M1 macrophages produce galectin-3-binding protein in vitro. Then, we measured galectin-3-binding protein and the soluble macrophage biomarkers soluble cluster of differentiation (CD) 163 and soluble CD14 in 264 participants in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Women were positive for HIV, HCV, both, or neither (66 in each group, matched for age, race/ethnicity, and smoking status). Carotid artery disease was assessed by ultrasound measurement of right distal common carotid artery intima-media thickness, distensibility, and presence o
10.1161/ATVBAHA.113.303153
24651679
PMC4067091
Adult Antigens, CD/blood Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/blood Antigens, Neoplasm/blood Asymptomatic Diseases Biomarkers/blood Biomarkers, Tumor/blood Carotid Artery Diseases/*blood/diagnosis/immunology Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Carrier Proteins/blood *Coinfection Cross-Sectional Studies Female Glycoproteins/blood HIV Infections/*blood/diagnosis/immunology Hepatitis C/*blood/diagnosis/immunology Humans Inflammation Mediators/*blood Lipopolysaccharide Receptors/blood Macrophages/immunology/*metabolism Middle Aged Receptors, Cell Surface/blood Risk Factors Sex Factors Smoking/blood/immunology Vascular Stiffness acquired immunodeficiency syndrome atherosclerosis immune system women
Shaked I, Hanna DB, Gleißner C, Marsh B, Plants J, Tracy D, Anastos K, Cohen M, Golub ET, Karim R, Lazar J, Prasad V, Tien PC, Young MA, Landay AL, Kaplan RC, Ley K (2014). Macrophage inflammatory markers are associated with subclinical carotid artery disease in women with human immunodeficiency virus or hepatitis C virus infection. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 34(5), 1085-92. PMC4067091
Journal Article
RYR3 gene variants in subclinical atherosclerosis among HIV-infected women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS)
Atherosclerosis
2014
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24561552
BACKGROUND: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Ryanodine receptor 3 (RYR3) gene are associated with common carotid intima media thickness (CCA cIMT) in HIV-infected men. We evaluated SNPs in the RYR3 gene among HIV-infected women participating in Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). METHODS: CCA cIMT was measured using B-mode ultrasound and the 838 SNPs in the RYR3 gene region were genotyped using the Illumina HumanOmni2.5-quad beadchip. The CCA cIMT genetic association was assessed using linear regression analyses among 1213 women and also separately among White (n=139), Black (n=720) and Hispanic (n=354) women after adjusting for confounders. A summary measure of pooled association was estimated using a meta-analytic approach by combining the effect estimates from the three races. Haploblocks were inferred using Gabriel's method and haplotype association analyses were conducted among the three races separately. RESULTS: SNP rs62012610 was associated with CCA cIMT among th
10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.01.035
24561552
PMC3965606
African Continental Ancestry Group/genetics Alleles Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Atherosclerosis/epidemiology/ethnology/*genetics Carotid Artery, Common/diagnostic imaging Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15/genetics European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics Female Genetic Heterogeneity HIV Infections/drug therapy/epidemiology/ethnology/*genetics Haplotypes/genetics Hispanic Americans/genetics Humans *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide Prospective Studies Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel/*genetics Sex Factors United States/epidemiology Cca HIV infection Ryr3 Single nucleotide polymorphisms Subclinical atherosclerosis cIMT
Shendre A, Irvin MR, Aouizerat BE, Wiener HW, Vazquez AI, Anastos K, Lazar J, Liu C, Karim R, Limdi NA, Cohen MH, Golub ET, Zhi D, Kaplan RC, Shrestha S (2014). RYR3 gene variants in subclinical atherosclerosis among HIV-infected women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). Atherosclerosis, 233(2), 666-672. PMC3965606
Journal Article
Random survival forests for competing risks
Biostatistics
2014
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24728979
We introduce a new approach to competing risks using random forests. Our method is fully non-parametric and can be used for selecting event-specific variables and for estimating the cumulative incidence function. We show that the method is highly effective for both prediction and variable selection in high-dimensional problems and in settings such as HIV/AIDS that involve many competing risks.
10.1093/biostatistics/kxu010
24728979
PMC4173102
*Data Interpretation, Statistical HIV Infections/drug therapy/mortality Humans *Models, Statistical *Risk *Survival Analysis Aids Brier score C-index Competing risks Cumulative incidence function Ensemble
Ishwaran H, Gerds TA, Kogalur UB, Moore RD, Gange SJ, Lau BM (2014). Random survival forests for competing risks. Biostatistics, 15(4), 757-73. PMC4173102
Journal Article
Pulmonary symptoms and diagnoses are associated with HIV in the MACS and WIHS cohorts
BMC Pulm Med
2014
30-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24884738
BACKGROUND: Several lung diseases are increasingly recognized as comorbidities with HIV; however, few data exist related to the spectrum of respiratory symptoms, diagnostic testing, and diagnoses in the current HIV era. The objective of the study is to determine the impact of HIV on prevalence and incidence of respiratory disease in the current era of effective antiretroviral treatment. METHODS: A pulmonary-specific questionnaire was administered yearly for three years to participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) and Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). Adjusted prevalence ratios for respiratory symptoms, testing, or diagnoses and adjusted incidence rate ratios for diagnoses in HIV-infected compared to HIV-uninfected participants were determined. Risk factors for outcomes in HIV-infected individuals were modeled. RESULTS: Baseline pulmonary questionnaires were completed by 907 HIV-infected and 989 HIV-uninfected participants in the MACS cohort and by 1405 HIV-infected a
10.1186/1471-2466-14-75
24884738
PMC4021087
Adult Age Distribution Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Asthma/diagnosis/epidemiology Cohort Studies Comorbidity Female HIV Infections/*diagnosis/drug therapy/*epidemiology Humans Lung Diseases/*diagnosis/*epidemiology Male Middle Aged Prevalence Prognosis Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/diagnosis/epidemiology Respiration Disorders/diagnosis/epidemiology Respiratory Function Tests Respiratory Tract Diseases/diagnosis/epidemiology Risk Assessment Severity of Illness Index Sex Distribution *Surveys and Questionnaires United States
Gingo MR, Balasubramani GK, Rice TB, Kingsley L, Kleerup EC, Detels R, Seaberg EC, Greenblatt RM, Holman S, Huang L, Sutton SH, Bertolet M, Morris A (2014). Pulmonary symptoms and diagnoses are associated with HIV in the MACS and WIHS cohorts. BMC Pulm Med, 14(), 75. PMC4021087
Journal Article
Serum levels of cytokines and biomarkers for inflammation and immune activation, and HIV-associated non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma risk
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
2014
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24220912
BACKGROUND: HIV infection is associated with a marked increase in risk for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (AIDS-NHL). However, the mechanisms that promote the development of AIDS-NHL are not fully understood. METHODS: In this study, serum levels of several cytokines and other molecules associated with immune activation were measured in specimens collected longitudinally during 1 to 5 years preceding AIDS-NHL diagnosis, in 176 AIDS-NHL cases and 176 HIV(+) controls from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). RESULTS: Multivariate analyses revealed that serum levels of immunoglobulin free light chains (FLC), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IP-10/CXCL10, neopterin, and TNF-alpha were elevated in those HIV(+) individuals who went on to develop AIDS-NHL. In addition, the fraction of specimens with detectable IL-2 was increased and the fraction with detectable IL-4 was decreased in these subjects. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that long-term, chronic immune activation, possibly driven by macrophage
10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-13-0714
24220912
PMC3948172
Adult Biomarkers, Tumor/*blood Bisexuality Case-Control Studies Cytokines/*blood HIV Infections/*blood/immunology Homosexuality Humans Inflammation/blood/immunology/virology Lymphocyte Activation Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/*blood/immunology Lymphoma, B-Cell/*blood/immunology/*virology Male Multivariate Analysis
Vendrame E, Hussain SK, Breen EC, Magpantay LI, Widney DP, Jacobson LP, Variakojis D, Knowlton ER, Bream JH, Ambinder RF, Detels R, Martínez-Maza O (2014). Serum levels of cytokines and biomarkers for inflammation and immune activation, and HIV-associated non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 23(2), 343-9. PMC3948172
Journal Article
Age patterns of Kaposi's sarcoma incidence in a cohort of HIV-infected men
Cancer Med
2014
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25139791
The life expectancy for HIV-positive individuals has improved over time due to increasing access to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Yet, as the HIV-positive population ages, their risk of developing cancers also increases. Studies of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) among elderly HIV-infected persons are quite limited. We examined the age patterns of KS incidence and an association between age and KS risk in a US cohort of 3458 HIV-infected men, the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Poisson distribution was used to calculate incidence rates and respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Cox proportional hazards regression was performed to examine the association between age and KS risk. There were 534 incident KS cases with a total follow-up time of 25,134 person-years. The overall KS incidence rate was 2.13 per 100 person-years (95% CI: 1.95-2.32) (Non-HAART users-ever: 5.57 per 100 person-years [95% CI: 5.09-6.10]; HAART users-ever: 0.39 per 100 person-years [95% CI: 0.31-
10.1002/cam4.312
25139791
PMC4298390
Adult Age Factors Cohort Studies HIV Infections/*epidemiology/*pathology Humans Incidence Male Middle Aged Proportional Hazards Models Risk Factors Sarcoma, Kaposi/*epidemiology/*virology United States/epidemiology HIV-infected men Kaposi's sarcoma incidence patterns by age
Luu HN, Amirian ES, Chiao EY, Scheurer ME (2014). Age patterns of Kaposi's sarcoma incidence in a cohort of HIV-infected men. Cancer Med, 3(6), 1635-43. PMC4298390
Journal Article
HIV viremia and incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in patients successfully treated with antiretroviral therapy
Clin Infect Dis
2014
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24523217
BACKGROUND: The incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients remains high despite treatment with antiretroviral therapy (ART). METHODS: We evaluated NHL incidence in HIV-infected patients followed in the Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems who started combination ART and achieved suppression of HIV. We estimated the hazard ratio for NHL by time-varying HIV viremia categories, accounting for time-varying CD4 cell count using marginal structural models. RESULTS: We observed 37 incident NHL diagnoses during 21 607 person-years of follow-up in 6036 patients (incidence rate, 171 per 100 000 person-years; 95% confidence interval [CI], 124-236). NHL incidence was high even among patients with nadir CD4 cell count >200 cells/microL (140 per 100 000 person-years [95% CI, 80-247]). Compared with </=50 copies/mL, hazard ratios (HRs) for NHL were higher among those with HIV viremia of 51-500 copies/mL (HR current = 1.6
10.1093/cid/ciu076
24523217
PMC4017888
Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*methods CD4 Lymphocyte Count Female HIV/*isolation & purification HIV Infections/*complications/*drug therapy Humans Incidence Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/*epidemiology Male Middle Aged *Viral Load Viremia/*complications Hiv antiretroviral therapy non-Hodgkin lymphoma viremia
Achenbach CJ, Buchanan AL, Cole SR, Hou L, Mugavero MJ, Crane HM, Moore RD, Haubrich RH, Gopal S, Eron JJ, Hunt PW, Rodriguez B, Mayer K, Saag MS, Kitahata MM; Centers for AIDS Research (CFAR) Network of Integrated Clinical Systems (CNICS) (2014). HIV viremia and incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in patients successfully treated with antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis, 58(11), 1599-606. PMC4017888
Journal Article
Disparities in the quality of HIV care when using US Department of Health and Human Services indicators
Clin Infect Dis
2014
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24463281
We estimated US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)-approved human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) indicators. Among patients, 71% were retained in care, 82% were prescribed treatment, and 78% had HIV RNA </=200 copies/mL; younger adults, women, blacks, and injection drug users had poorer outcomes. Interventions are needed to reduce retention- and treatment-related disparities.
10.1093/cid/ciu044
24463281
PMC3967825
Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use Cohort Studies Continuity of Patient Care Cross-Sectional Studies Female HIV Infections/*diagnosis/*therapy *Healthcare Disparities Humans Male Middle Aged United States United States Dept. of Health and Human Services Viral Load Hiv HIV RNA suppression antiretroviral therapy quality of care retention in care
Althoff KN, Rebeiro P, Brooks JT, Buchacz K, Gebo K, Martin J, Hogg R, Thorne JE, Klein M, Gill MJ, Sterling TR, Yehia B, Silverberg MJ, Crane H, Justice AC, Gange SJ, Moore R, Kitahata MM, Horberg MA; North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD) (2014). Disparities in the quality of HIV care when using US Department of Health and Human Services indicators. Clin Infect Dis, 58(8), 1185-9. PMC3967825
Journal Article
Antiretroviral therapy reduces the rate of hepatic decompensation among HIV- and hepatitis C virus-coinfected veterans
Clin Infect Dis
2014
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24285848
BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection accelerates the rate of liver disease outcomes in individuals chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). It remains unclear to what degree combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) protects against HCV-associated liver failure. METHODS: We evaluated 10 090 HIV/HCV-coinfected males from the Veterans Aging Cohort Study Virtual Cohort, who had not initiated ART at entry, for incident hepatic decompensation between 1996 and 2010. We defined ART initiation as the first pharmacy fill date of a qualifying ART regimen of >/=3 drugs from >/=2 classes. Hepatic decompensation was defined as the first occurrence of 1 hospital discharge diagnosis or 2 outpatient diagnoses for ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, or esophageal variceal hemorrhage. To account for potential confounding by indication, marginal structural models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of hepatic decompensation, comparing initiation of ART to noni
10.1093/cid/cit779
24285848
PMC3922212
Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*methods Cohort Studies Coinfection/*complications/*drug therapy HIV Infections/*complications/*drug therapy Hepatitis C/*complications Humans Liver Failure/epidemiology/*prevention & control Male Middle Aged Veterans Young Adult Hiv coinfection hepatic decompensation hepatitis C marginal structural model
Anderson JP, Tchetgen Tchetgen EJ, Lo Re V 3rd, Tate JP, Williams PL, Seage GR 3rd, Horsburgh CR, Lim JK, Goetz MB, Rimland D, Rodriguez-Barradas MC, Butt AA, Klein MB, Justice AC (2014). Antiretroviral therapy reduces the rate of hepatic decompensation among HIV- and hepatitis C virus-coinfected veterans. Clin Infect Dis, 58(5), 719-27. PMC3922212
Journal Article
Current practices of screening for incident hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among HIV-infected, HCV-uninfected individuals in primary care
Clin Infect Dis
2014
15-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25186591
BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected, hepatitis C virus (HCV)-uninfected patients are at risk for incident HCV infection, but little is known about screening practices for incident HCV among HIV-infected individuals in HIV primary care clinics. METHODS: We used data from the Center for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems (CNICS) to investigate historical trends in screening for incident HCV infection among HIV-infected patients who were HCV-uninfected at enrollment in care. We used descriptive measures and Poisson regression to identify factors associated with screening for HCV infection (using HCV antibody or RNA), performed temporal analyses to assess changes in screening over time, and investigated the frequency with which elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were followed by diagnostic HCV testing. RESULTS: Among 17 090 patients registered at CNICS sites between 2000 and 2011, 14 534 (85%) received HCV antibody screening within 3 months
10.1093/cid/ciu698
25186591
PMC4311177
Adult Coinfection/*blood/*diagnosis Female HIV Infections/*blood Hepatitis C/blood/*diagnosis Hepatitis C Antibodies/blood Humans Male Middle Aged Retrospective Studies Young Adult Hiv hepatitis C incidence men who have sex with men screening
Freiman JM, Huang W, White LF, Geng EH, Hurt CB, Taylor LE, Overton ET, Cachay ER, Kitahata MM, Moore RD, Rodriguez B, Mayer KH, Linas BP (2014). Current practices of screening for incident hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among HIV-infected, HCV-uninfected individuals in primary care. Clin Infect Dis, 59(12), 1686-93. PMC4311177
Journal Article
Lymphoma immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in the center for AIDS research network of integrated clinical systems cohort
Clin Infect Dis
2014
15-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24755860
BACKGROUND: Lymphoma incidence is increased among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals soon after antiretroviral therapy (ART), perhaps due to unmasking immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). Clinical characteristics and survival for unmasking lymphoma IRIS have not been described. METHODS: We studied lymphoma patients in the Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems (CNICS) from 1996 until 2011. Unmasking lymphoma IRIS was defined as lymphoma within 6 months after ART accompanied by a >/= 0.5 log10 copies/mL HIV RNA reduction. Differences in presentation and survival were examined between IRIS and non-IRIS cases. RESULTS: Of 482 lymphoma patients, 56 (12%) met criteria for unmasking lymphoma IRIS. Of these, 12 (21%) had Hodgkin lymphoma, 22 (39%) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, 5 (9%) Burkitt lymphoma, 10 (18%) primary central nervous system lymphoma, and 7 (13%) other non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Median CD4 cell count at lymphoma diagnos
10.1093/cid/ciu270
24755860
PMC4102912
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*complications/*drug therapy Adolescent Adult Cohort Studies Female Humans Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome/*epidemiology/mortality Incidence Lymphoma/*epidemiology/mortality Male Middle Aged Survival Analysis Young Adult Hiv/aids Hodgkin lymphoma immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome lymphoma non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Gopal S, Patel MR, Achenbach CJ, Yanik EL, Cole SR, Napravnik S, Burkholder GA, Mathews WC, Rodriguez B, Deeks SG, Mayer KH, Moore RD, Kitahata MM, Richards KL, Eron JJ (2014). Lymphoma immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in the center for AIDS research network of integrated clinical systems cohort. Clin Infect Dis, 59(2), 279-86. PMC4102912
Journal Article
Free testosterone for hypogonadism assessment in HIV-infected men
Clin Infect Dis
2014
Jun-14
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24604898
10.1093/cid/ciu129
24604898
PMC4072905
Hypogonadism letter research support Testosterone
Monroe AK, Brown TT (2014). Free testosterone for hypogonadism assessment in HIV-infected men. Clin Infect Dis, 58(11), 1640. PMC4072905
Journal Article
Beyond core indicators of retention in HIV care: missed clinic visits are independently associated with all-cause mortality
Clin Infect Dis
2014
15-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25091306
BACKGROUND: The continuum of care is at the forefront of the domestic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) agenda, with the Institute of Medicine (IOM) and Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) recently releasing clinical core indicators. Core indicators for retention in care are calculated based on attended HIV care clinic visits. Beyond these retention core indicators, we evaluated the additional prognostic value of missed clinic visits for all-cause mortality. METHODS: We conducted a multisite cohort study of 3672 antiretroviral-naive patients initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) during 2000-2010. Retention in care was measured by the IOM and DHHS core indicators (2 attended visits at defined intervals per 12-month period), and also as a count of missed primary HIV care visits (no show) during a 24-month measurement period following ART initiation. All-cause mortality was ascertained by query of the Social Security Death Index and/or National Death Index, with adjusted sur
10.1093/cid/ciu603
25091306
PMC4215067
Adult *Ambulatory Care Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cause of Death Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/diagnosis/drug therapy/*epidemiology/mortality Humans Male Middle Aged Mortality Time Factors Viral Load Aids Hiv antiretroviral therapy continuum of care engagement in care
Mugavero MJ, Westfall AO, Cole SR, Geng EH, Crane HM, Kitahata MM, Mathews WC, Napravnik S, Eron JJ, Moore RD, Keruly JC, Mayer KH, Giordano TP, Raper JL; Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems (CNICS) (2014). Beyond core indicators of retention in HIV care: missed clinic visits are independently associated with all-cause mortality. Clin Infect Dis, 59(10), 1471-9. PMC4215067
Journal Article
Reply to Bradshaw and Danta
Clin Infect Dis
2014
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24046308
10.1093/cid/cit606
24046308
PMC4326305
Hepatitis C/*epidemiology *Homosexuality, Male Humans Male
Witt MD, Seaberg EC, Thio CL (2014). Reply to Bradshaw and Danta. Clin Infect Dis, 58(1), 137. PMC4326305
Journal Article
Identification of misdiagnosed fronto-temporal dementia using APOE genotype and phenotype-genotype correlation analyses
Curr Alzheimer Res
2014
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24359501
OBJECTIVE: Postmortem and genetic studies of clinically diagnosed Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) patients suggest that a number of clinically diagnosed FTD patients are actually "frontal variants" of Alzheimer's disease (fvAD). The purpose of this study was to evaluate this hypothesis by combining neuropathological data, genetic association studies of APOE, phenotype-APOE genotype correlations and discriminant analysis techniques. METHODS: Neuropathological information on 24 FTD cases, genetic association studies of APOE (168 FTD, 3083 controls and 2528 AD), phenotypegenotype correlations and discriminant techniques (LDA, logistic regression and decision trees) were combined to identify fvAD patients within a clinical FTD series. RESULTS: Four of 24 FTLD patients (16.6%) met criteria for definite AD. By comparing allele and genotype frequencies of APOE in controls, FTD and AD groups and by applying the Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium law (HWE), we inferred a consistent (17.2%) degree of AD
10.2174/1567205010666131212120443
24359501
PMC4079551
Aged Aged, 80 and over Alzheimer Disease/diagnosis/*genetics Apolipoproteins E/*genetics *Diagnostic Errors Female Frontotemporal Dementia/diagnosis/*genetics *Genetic Association Studies/methods *Genotype Humans Male Middle Aged
Hernández I, Mauleón A, Rosense-Roca M, Alegret M, Vinyes G, Espinosa A, Sotolongo-Grau O, Becker JT, Valero S, Tarraga L, López OL, Ruiz A, Boada M (2014). Identification of misdiagnosed fronto-temporal dementia using APOE genotype and phenotype-genotype correlation analyses. Curr Alzheimer Res, 11(2), 182-91. PMC4079551
Journal Article
NIHMS584047
Functional impairment, disability, and frailty in adults aging with HIV-infection
Curr HIV/AIDS Rep
2014
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24966138
The integration of antiretroviral therapy (i.e., ART) into HIV care has dramatically extended the life expectancy of those living with HIV. However, in comparison to similar HIV-uninfected populations, HIV-infected persons experience an excess of morbidity and mortality with an early onset of aging complications including neurocognitive decline, osteoporosis, impaired physical function, frailty, and falls. Recent consensus guidelines encourage clinicians and researchers to consider functional impairment of HIV-infected adults as a measure to understand the impact of aging across a range of abilities. Despite the importance of assessing function in persons aging with HIV infection, a lack of consistent terminology and standardization of assessment tools has limited the application of functional assessments in clinical or research settings. Herein, we distinguish between different approaches used to assess function, describe what is known about function in the aging HIV population, and c
10.1007/s11904-014-0215-y
24966138
PMC4125474
Adult *Aging Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use HIV Infections/*complications/drug therapy Humans Quality of Life
Erlandson KM, Schrack JA, Jankowski CM, Brown TT, Campbell TB (2014). Functional impairment, disability, and frailty in adults aging with HIV-infection. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep, 11(3), 279-90. PMC4125474
Journal Article
NIHMS609006
Identifying the appropriate comparison group for HIV-infected individuals
Curr Opin HIV AIDS
2014
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24840058
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: HIV-infected individuals are living longer as a result of effective treatment. Age-related comorbidities now account for the majority of morbidity and mortality among treated HIV-infected adults. Previous findings regarding the age at, and risk of, these comorbidities have been mixed, sparking debate in the field. Discerning potential differences in the occurrence and burden of age-related comorbidities among treated HIV-infected adults as compared with uninfected adults of the same age requires careful selection of the appropriate uninfected comparison group. RECENT FINDINGS: The validity of comparisons with HIV-uninfected populations is threatened when differences in demographic, clinical, and lifestyle characteristics between HIV-infected and uninfected adults are not considered. Identifying a pool of HIV-uninfected individuals from existing secondary data resources and employing selection methodologies may be a novel approach to reduce threats to internal validit
10.1097/COH.0000000000000063
24840058
PMC4105851
*Aging Biomedical Research/*methods *Comorbidity *Control Groups HIV Infections/*complications/*epidemiology Humans
Wong C, Althoff K, Gange SJ (2014). Identifying the appropriate comparison group for HIV-infected individuals. Curr Opin HIV AIDS, 9(4), 379-85. PMC4105851
Journal Article
NIHMS605134
Fluconazole Resistance Patterns in Candida Species that Colonize Women with HIV Infection
Curr Ther Res Clin Exp
2014
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25352939
BACKGROUND: The Women's Interagency HIV Study was established in 1993 to study the natural history of HIV disease among women in the United States. It currently has enrolled 2,895 women testing positive for HIV infection and 972 women without HIV infection recruited from 6 national metropolitan locations. The clinical database information collected for each HIV-positive individual included CD4 cell counts, viral load, and antiviral treatment to evaluate HIV prognosis and related conditions in women. OBJECTIVE: To provide a baseline for fluconazole treatment prospects in women who test positive for HIV infection. As part of the ongoing Women's Interagency HIV Study project, we investigated the fluconazole susceptibility of Candida spp. isolated from women with HIV in comparison to volunteer women without HIV. The implication of antifungal treatment on fluconazole susceptibility was evaluated by reviewing antifungal medication use for the past 2 years in each participant. In addition, ge
10.1016/j.curtheres.2014.07.002
25352939
PMC4209509
Candida spp HIV-positive women fluconazole resistance
Zhang L, She X, Merenstein D, Wang C, Hamilton P, Blackmon A, Hu H, Calderone R, Li D (2014). Fluconazole Resistance Patterns in Candida Species that Colonize Women with HIV Infection. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp, 76(), 84-9. PMC4209509
Journal Article
Cochlear function among HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative men and women
Ear Hear
2014
Jan-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24080949
OBJECTIVES: There is limited research about cochlear function in adults who are human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive (+). The aim of the present study was to collect measures of cochlear function in a large sample of adults with, or at risk for, HIV infection, to evaluate associations between HIV status, HIV treatment, and cochlear function. DESIGN: Distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) were used to evaluate cochlear function in 506 participants; 329 men, 150 of whom were HIV+, and 177 women, 136 of whom were HIV+. DPOAEs were measured at frequencies 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, and 6000 Hz. A DPOAE nonresponse (NR) was defined as an absolute DPOAE level less than -15 dB SPL or a difference between the absolute DPOAE level and the background noise level less than 6 dB. The total number of NRs was calculated for each ear. The associations of demographic variables, HIV status, and HIV treatment with number of NRs were evaluated with univariate and multivariate ordinal regre
10.1097/AUD.0b013e3182a021c8
24080949
PMC3872496
Adult Aged Case-Control Studies Cochlea/physiology/*physiopathology Female HIV Infections/*complications Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/complications/*physiopathology Humans Male Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous/*physiology Regression Analysis
Torre P 3rd, Hoffman HJ, Springer G, Cox C, Young M, Margolick JB, Plankey M (2014). Cochlear function among HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative men and women. Ear Hear, 35(1), 56-62. PMC3872496
Journal Article
SNP screening of central MHC-identified HLA-DMB as a candidate susceptibility gene for HIV-related Kaposi's sarcoma
Genes Immun
2014
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25008864
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region on chromosome 6p21.3 is suspected to host susceptibility loci for HIV-related Kaposi's sarcoma (HIV-KS). A nested case-control study in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study was designed to conduct fine genetic association mapping across central MHC. Individuals co-infected with HIV-1 and human herpes virus-8 who later developed KS were defined as cases (n=354) and were matched 1:1 with co-infected KS-free controls. We report data for new independent MHC class II and III susceptibility loci. In particular, class II HLA-DMB emerged as a strong candidate, with the intronic variant rs6902982 A>G associated with a fourfold increase of risk (odds ratio (OR)=4.09; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.90-8.80; P=0.0003). A striking multiplicative effect on the estimated risk was associated with further carriage of two non-synonymous variants, rs1800453 A>G (Asp697Gly) and rs4148880 A>G (Ile393Val), in the linked TAP1 gene (OR=10.5; 95% CI=2.54-43.6; P=0
10.1038/gene.2014.42
25008864
PMC4174341
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications Adult Alleles Case-Control Studies Cohort Studies Gene Frequency Genetic Predisposition to Disease/*genetics HIV Infections/complications HLA-D Antigens/*genetics Haplotypes Herpesviridae Infections/complications Homosexuality Humans Major Histocompatibility Complex/*genetics Male *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide Risk Factors Sarcoma, Kaposi/etiology/*genetics
Aissani B, Boehme AK, Wiener HW, Shrestha S, Jacobson LP, Kaslow RA (2014). SNP screening of central MHC-identified HLA-DMB as a candidate susceptibility gene for HIV-related Kaposi's sarcoma. Genes Immun, 15(6), 424-9. PMC4174341
Journal Article
Accuracy of colposcopy in HIV seropositive and seronegative women with abnormal Pap tests
Gynecol Oncol
2014
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25127986
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to compare colposcopic findings and the accuracy of colposcopic impression in HIV seropositive and seronegative women with abnormal Pap tests. METHODS: HIV seropositive and seronegative women in a national cohort study had Pap tests collected every six months, with colposcopy for any abnormal result. Prospectively collected colposcopy and histology findings were analyzed retrospectively using Pearson Chi-square, t-test and Wilcoxon two-sample tests, logistic regression models, and Kappa coefficients. RESULTS: After adjusting for age and Pap result, 1618 eligible HIV seropositive women were more likely than 406 seronegative women to have inadequate colposcopic examinations, abnormal colposcopic findings, and large cervical lesions. However, among those with abnormal colposcopy, colposcopic characteristics and lesion size and number did not differ by HIV serostatus. Agreement between colposcopists' impressions and highest grade biopsy diagnoses was fai
10.1016/j.ygyno.2014.08.007
25127986
PMC4268004
Adult Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia/*pathology/*virology Cohort Studies Colposcopy/methods Female HIV Infections/*diagnosis HIV Seropositivity/*diagnosis Humans Papanicolaou Test/methods Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/*pathology/*virology Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia Colposcopy HIV in women Pap test
Stewart Massad L, D'Souza G, Darragh TM, Minkoff H, Wright R, Kassaye S, Sanchez-Keeland L, Evans CT (2014). Accuracy of colposcopy in HIV seropositive and seronegative women with abnormal Pap tests. Gynecol Oncol, 135(3), 481-6. PMC4268004
Journal Article
Fibrosis progression in human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus coinfected adults: prospective analysis of 435 liver biopsy pairs
Hepatology
2014
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24436062
UNLABELLED: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection is associated with progressive liver disease. However, the rate of progression is variable and the ability to differentiate patients with stable versus progressive HCV disease is limited. The objective of this study was to assess the incidence of and risk factors for fibrosis progression in a prospective cohort of coinfected patients. Overall, 435 liver biopsy pairs from 282 patients without cirrhosis were analyzed. Biopsies were scored according to the METAVIR system by a single pathologist blind to biopsy sequence. Fibrosis progression was defined as an increase of at least one METAVIR fibrosis stage between paired biopsies. The majority of patients were African American (84.8%), male (67.7%), and infected with HCV genotype 1 (93.4%). On initial biopsy, no or minimal fibrosis was identified in 243 patients (86%). The median interval between biopsies was 2.5 years. Fibrosis progression was observed in 9
10.1002/hep.26741
24436062
PMC3943751
Adult Biopsy Coinfection/epidemiology/*pathology Disease Progression Female HIV Infections/epidemiology/*pathology Hepatitis C, Chronic/epidemiology/*pathology Humans Incidence Liver Cirrhosis/epidemiology/*pathology/*virology Male Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis Prospective Studies Severity of Illness Index
Konerman MA, Mehta SH, Sutcliffe CG, Vu T, Higgins Y, Torbenson MS, Moore RD, Thomas DL, Sulkowski MS (2014). Fibrosis progression in human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus coinfected adults: prospective analysis of 435 liver biopsy pairs. Hepatology, 59(3), 767-75. PMC3943751
Journal Article
NIHMS532778
Urinary biomarkers of kidney injury are associated with all-cause mortality in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS)
HIV Med
2014
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24313986
OBJECTIVES: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is common in HIV-infected individuals, and is associated with mortality in both the HIV-infected and general populations. Urinary markers of tubular injury have been associated with future kidney disease risk, but associations with mortality are unknown. METHODS: We evaluated the associations of urinary interleukin-18 (IL-18), liver fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and the albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) with 10-year, all-cause death in 908 HIV-infected women. Serum cystatin C was used to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (eGFRcys). RESULTS: There were 201 deaths during 9269 person-years of follow-up. After demographic adjustment, compared with the lowest tertile, the highest tertiles of IL-18 [hazard ratio (HR) 2.54; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.75-3.68], KIM-1 (HR 2.04; 95% CI 1.44-2.89), NGAL (HR 1.50; 95% CI 1.05-2.14) and ACR (HR 1.63; 95% CI 1
10.1111/hiv.12113
24313986
PMC3975680
AIDS-Associated Nephropathy/mortality/*urine Acute-Phase Proteins/urine Adult Albuminuria Biomarkers/urine Cohort Studies Creatinine/urine Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins/urine Female *HIV Infections/mortality/urine Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1 Humans Interleukin-18/urine Lipocalin-2 Lipocalins/urine Membrane Glycoproteins/urine Middle Aged Predictive Value of Tests Proto-Oncogene Proteins/urine Receptors, Virus Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/*mortality Hiv interleukin-18 kidney injury molecule-1 liver fatty acid binding protein neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin urinary biomarkers
Peralta C, Scherzer R, Grunfeld C, Abraham A, Tien P, Devarajan P, Bennett M, Butch A, Anastos K, Cohen M, Nowicki M, Sharma A, Young M, Sarnak M, Parikh C, Shlipak M (2014). Urinary biomarkers of kidney injury are associated with all-cause mortality in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). HIV Med, 15(5), 291-300. PMC3975680
Journal Article
Unanchored K48-linked polyubiquitin synthesized by the E3-ubiquitin ligase TRIM6 stimulates the interferon-IKKepsilon kinase-mediated antiviral response
Immunity
2014
19-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24882218
Type I interferons (IFN-I) are essential antiviral cytokines produced upon microbial infection. IFN-I elicits this activity through the upregulation of hundreds of IFN-I-stimulated genes (ISGs). The full breadth of ISG induction demands activation of a number of cellular factors including the IkappaB kinase epsilon (IKKepsilon). However, the mechanism of IKKepsilon activation upon IFN receptor signaling has remained elusive. Here we show that TRIM6, a member of the E3-ubiquitin ligase tripartite motif (TRIM) family of proteins, interacted with IKKepsilon and promoted induction of IKKepsilon-dependent ISGs. TRIM6 and the E2-ubiquitin conjugase UbE2K cooperated in the synthesis of unanchored K48-linked polyubiquitin chains, which activated IKKepsilon for subsequent STAT1 phosphorylation. Our work attributes a previously unrecognized activating role of K48-linked unanchored polyubiquitin chains in kinase activation and identifies the UbE2K-TRIM6-ubiquitin axis as critical for IFN signalin
10.1016/j.immuni.2014.04.018
24882218
PMC4114019
Animals Antiviral Agents Cells, Cultured Enzyme Activation/immunology Humans I-kappa B Kinase/*immunology Interferon Type I/*immunology Janus Kinase 1 Mice Phosphorylation/immunology Polyubiquitin/*biosynthesis RNA Interference RNA, Small Interfering STAT1 Transcription Factor/immunology Signal Transduction/immunology Tripartite Motif Proteins Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes/immunology Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics/*immunology
Rajsbaum R, Versteeg GA, Schmid S, Maestre AM, Belicha-Villanueva A, Martínez-Romero C, Patel JR, Morrison J, Pisanelli G, Miorin L, Laurent-Rolle M, Moulton HM, Stein DA, Fernandez-Sesma A, tenOever BR, García-Sastre A (2014). Unanchored K48-linked polyubiquitin synthesized by the E3-ubiquitin ligase TRIM6 stimulates the interferon-IKKepsilon kinase-mediated antiviral response. Immunity, 40(6), 880-95. PMC4114019
Journal Article
NIHMS601962
A candidate gene approach for virally induced cancer with application to HIV-related Kaposi's sarcoma
Int J Cancer
2014
15-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23818101
Like other members of the gamma-herpesvirus family, human herpes virus 8, the etiologic agent of classic and HIV-related Kaposi's sarcoma (HIV-KS) acquired and evolved several human genes with key immune modulatory and cellular growth control functions. The encoded viral homologs substitute for their human counterparts but escape cellular regulation, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation. We postulated that DNA variants in the human homologs of viral genes that potentially alter the expression or the binding of the encoded factors controlling the antiviral response may facilitate viral interference. To test whether cellular homologs are candidate susceptibility genes, we evaluated the association of DNA variants in 92 immune-related genes including seven cellular homologs with the risk for HIV-KS in a matched case and control study nested in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Low- and high-risk gene-by-gene interactions were estimated by multifactor dimensionality reduction and us
10.1002/ijc.28351
23818101
PMC4007164
Biomarkers, Tumor/*genetics Case-Control Studies Follow-Up Studies HIV/*pathogenicity HIV Infections/*complications/genetics/virology Humans Longitudinal Studies Male Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/*genetics Prognosis Prospective Studies Sarcoma, Kaposi/*diagnosis/*etiology Systems Biology Herpes Virus 8 Kaposi's sarcoma genetic association immunodeficiency multifactor dimensionality reduction polymorphism
Aissani B, Wiener HW, Zhang K, Kaslow RA, Ogwaro KM, Shrestha S, Jacobson LP (2014). A candidate gene approach for virally induced cancer with application to HIV-related Kaposi's sarcoma. Int J Cancer, 134(2), 397-404. PMC4007164
Journal Article
Long-term cumulative incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or worse after abnormal cytology: impact of HIV infection
Int J Cancer
2014
15-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24170366
To estimate the long term cumulative risk for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or worse after an abnormal cervical Pap test and to assess the effect of HIV infection on that risk. Participants in the Women's Interagency HIV Study were followed semiannually for up to 10 years. Pap tests were categorized according to the 1991 Bethesda system. Colposcopy was prescribed within 6 months of any abnormality. Risk for biopsy-confirmed CIN3 or worse after abnormal cytology and at least 12 months follow-up was assessed using Kaplan-Meier curves and compared using log-rank tests. Risk for CIN2 or worse was also assessed, since CIN2 is the threshold for treatment. After a median of 3 years of observation, 1,947 (85%) women subsequently presented for colposcopy (1,571 [81%] HIV seropositive, 376 [19%] seronegative). CIN2 or worse was found in 329 (21%) of HIV seropositive and 42 (11%) seronegative women. CIN3 or worse was found in 141 (9%) of seropositive and 22 (6%) seronegative women. I
10.1002/ijc.28523
24170366
PMC3947413
Adult Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia/*epidemiology/*pathology/virology Colposcopy Early Detection of Cancer Female HIV Infections/*virology HIV Seropositivity/*epidemiology Humans Incidence Mass Screening/methods Neoplasm Grading Papanicolaou Test Papillomavirus Infections/epidemiology/pathology Risk Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/epidemiology/pathology/virology Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/*epidemiology/pathology/virology Vaginal Smears HIV in women Pap test cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
Massad LS, Pierce CB, Minkoff H, Watts DH, Darragh TM, Sanchez-Keeland L, Wright RL, Colie C, D'Souza G (2014). Long-term cumulative incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or worse after abnormal cytology: impact of HIV infection. Int J Cancer, 134(8), 1854-61. PMC3947413
Journal Article
Investigating the effects of metabolic dysregulation on hair follicles: a comparison of HIV-infected women with and without central lipohypertrophy
Int J Dermatol
2014
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23786579
BACKGROUND: Normal lipid metabolism and functioning of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) in the sebaceous gland is critical to maintaining a normal hair follicle. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection affects lipid metabolism; some have hypothesized a link between PPAR-gamma function and lipodystrophy in HIV infection. Our objective was to determine whether lipodystrophy is associated with altered hair characteristics in HIV-infected women from the Women's Interagency HIV Study. METHODS: Hair characteristics and scalp inflammation were assessed by an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Central lipohypertrophy and peripheral lipoatrophy were defined by self-report of moderate to severe fat gain in central body sites and fat loss in peripheral body sites, respectively confirmed by clinical examination. Additional covariates considered in the analyses included demographics, behavioral characteristics, medical history, and HIV-related factors. RES
10.1111/ijd.12044
23786579
PMC3785560
Adult Female HIV Infections/*metabolism HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome/*metabolism Hair Follicle/*metabolism Humans Middle Aged Severity of Illness Index Surveys and Questionnaires
Mirmirani P, Maurer T, Cohen M, D'Souza G, Karim R, Plankey M, Robison E, Sharma A, Tien PC, Hessol NA (2014). Investigating the effects of metabolic dysregulation on hair follicles: a comparison of HIV-infected women with and without central lipohypertrophy. Int J Dermatol, 53(10), e443-8. PMC3785560
Journal Article
Neutropenia during HIV infection: adverse consequences and remedies
Int Rev Immunol
2014
Nov-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24654626
Neutropenia frequently occurs in patients with Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Causes for neutropenia during HIV infection are multifactoral, including the viral toxicity to hematopoietic tissue, the use of myelotoxic agents for treatment, complication with secondary infections and malignancies, as well as the patient's association with confounding factors which impair myelopoiesis. An increased prevalence and severity of neutropenia is commonly seen in advanced stages of HIV disease. Decline of neutrophil phagocytic defense in combination with the failure of adaptive immunity renders the host highly susceptible to developing fatal secondary infections. Neutropenia and myelosuppression also restrict the use of many antimicrobial agents for treatment of infections caused by HIV and opportunistic pathogens. In recent years, HIV infection has increasingly become a chronic disease because of progress in antiretroviral therapy (ART). Prevention and treatment of severe neutrope
10.3109/08830185.2014.893301
24654626
PMC4873957
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/*prevention & control Animals Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use HIV/*immunology HIV Infections/complications/drug therapy/*immunology Humans Neutropenia/etiology/*prevention & control Phagocytosis Aids Haart granulocytopenia myelosuppression neutrophil
Shi X, Sims MD, Hanna MM, Xie M, Gulick PG, Zheng YH, Basson MD, Zhang P (2014). Neutropenia during HIV infection: adverse consequences and remedies. Int Rev Immunol, 33(6), 511-36. PMC4873957
Journal Article
Race and other risk factors for incident proteinuria in a national cohort of HIV-infected veterans
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2014
1-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25072613
BACKGROUND: Proteinuria in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals has been associated with poorer outcomes. We examined risk factors associated with the development of proteinuria in a national registry of HIV-infected veterans. METHODS: A total of 21,129 HIV-infected veterans of black and white race without preexisting kidney disease were receiving health care in the Veterans' Health Administration (VHA) medical system between 1997 and 2011. Using the VHA electronic record system, we identified kidney-related risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease) and HIV-related risk factors (CD4 lymphocyte count, HIV RNA level, hepatitis C virus, and hepatitis B virus) for developing proteinuria. Proteinuria was defined by 2 consecutive dipstick measures of 1 or higher. The Fine-Gray competing risk model was used to estimate association between clinical variables and incident proteinuria, while accounting for intervening mortality events. RESULTS: During f
10.1097/QAI.0000000000000285
25072613
PMC4162813
Adult Age Factors Aged Cohort Studies *Continental Population Groups Female HIV Infections/*complications Humans Male Middle Aged Proteinuria/*epidemiology Retrospective Studies Risk Factors Urine/chemistry *Veterans
Banerjee T, Scherzer R, Powe NR, Steffick D, Shahinian V, Saran R, Pavkov ME, Saydah S, Shlipak MG; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Chronic Kidney Disease Surveillance Team (2014). Race and other risk factors for incident proteinuria in a national cohort of HIV-infected veterans. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 67(2), 145-52. PMC4162813
Journal Article
NIHMS613052
Stimulant use and progression to AIDS or mortality after the initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2014
15-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25271387
BACKGROUND: HIV-positive persons who use stimulants (eg, methamphetamine) experience profound health disparities, but it remains unclear whether these persist after highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) initiation. Conducted within the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, this investigation examined whether stimulant use is associated with progression to AIDS or all-cause mortality after the initiation of HAART. METHODS: Using marginal structural modeling, the cumulative proportion of visits where any stimulant use was reported (ie, 0%, 1%-49%, 50%-99%, and 100%) was examined as a time-varying predictor of (1) all-cause mortality and (2) AIDS or all-cause mortality. RESULTS: Among the 1313 men who have sex with men (MSM) who initiated HAART, findings showed no significant association of any level of stimulant use with all-cause mortality. A competing risk analysis indicated that no level of stimulant use was associated with increased AIDS-related or non-AIDS mortality separately. Amon
10.1097/QAI.0000000000000364
25271387
PMC4232455
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*complications/drug therapy/*mortality Adult *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Cohort Studies Humans Male Middle Aged Prospective Studies Substance-Related Disorders/*epidemiology Survival Analysis
Carrico AW, Shoptaw S, Cox C, Stall R, Li X, Ostrow DG, Vlahov D, Plankey MW (2014). Stimulant use and progression to AIDS or mortality after the initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 67(5), 508-13. PMC4232455
Journal Article
NIHMS628170
Comment on "Characteristics of B-Cell Lymphomas in HIV/HCV-Coinfected Patients During the Combined Antiretroviral Therapy Era: An ANRS CO16 LYMPHOVIR Cohort Study"
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2014
1-Oct
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24820108/
10.1097/QAI.0000000000000204 [doi]
24820108
PMC4162807
multicenter aids cohort hepatitis-c men sex
Chang PY, Detels R, Martínez-Maza O, Zhang ZF, Jacobson LP, Margolick JB, Variakojis D, Rinaldo CR Jr, Hussain SK (2014). Comment on "Characteristics of B-Cell Lymphomas in HIV/HCV-Coinfected Patients During the Combined Antiretroviral Therapy Era: An ANRS CO16 LYMPHOVIR Cohort Study". J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 67(2), E84-E86. PMC4162807
Journal Article
Stuck in the middle: longitudinal HIV-related health disparities among men who have sex with men and women
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2014
1-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24662298
INTRODUCTION: Men who have sex with men and women (MSMW) have been shown in cross-sectional studies to suffer HIV-related health disparities above and beyond those found among men who have sex with men only (MSMO). We conducted a secondary data analysis over a 7-year time frame of participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, a long-standing prospective cohort study, to examine whether MSMW had persistently higher rates of depression symptoms, polydrug use, and (among HIV-positive men who have sex with men) HIV viral load levels compared with MSMO. METHODS: Men were behaviorally defined as bisexual if they reported sexual activity with at least 1 male and 1 female partner between study waves 38 and 50. We used generalized mixed modeling with repeated measures to test differences in CES-D score, polydrug use, and viral load between sexually active MSMO (n = 1514) and MSMW (n = 111), adjusting for age, income, race/ethnicity, and recent seroconversion. RESULTS: MSMW were significant
10.1097/QAI.0000000000000143
24662298
PMC4030741
Adult African Americans Bisexuality Depression/complications/virology Female HIV Infections/complications/*diagnosis/psychology Heterosexuality Hispanic Americans Humans Longitudinal Studies Male Middle Aged Prospective Studies Sexual Behavior Sexual Partners Socioeconomic Factors Substance-Related Disorders/complications/virology Viral Load Young Adult
Friedman MR, Stall R, Silvestre AJ, Mustanski B, Shoptaw S, Surkan PJ, Rinaldo CR, Plankey MW (2014). Stuck in the middle: longitudinal HIV-related health disparities among men who have sex with men and women. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 66(2), 213-20. PMC4030741
Journal Article
Genital tract HIV RNA levels and their associations with human papillomavirus infection and risk of cervical precancer
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2014
1-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24694931
OBJECTIVE: Plasma HIV RNA levels have been associated with the risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical neoplasia in HIV-seropositive women. However, little is known regarding local genital tract HIV RNA levels and their relation with cervical HPV and neoplasia. DESIGN/METHODS: In an HIV-seropositive women's cohort with semiannual follow-up, we conducted a nested case-control study of genital tract HIV RNA levels and their relation with incident high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) subclassified as severe (severe HSIL), as provided for under the Bethesda 2001 classification system. Specifically, 66 incidents of severe HSIL were matched to 130 controls by age, CD4 count, highly active antiretroviral therapy use, and other factors. We also studied HPV prevalence, incident detection, and persistence in a random sample of 250 subjects. RESULTS: Risk of severe HSIL was associated with genital tract HIV RNA levels (odds ratio comparing HIV RNA >/= the median among women
10.1097/QAI.0000000000000157
24694931
PMC4267467
Adult CD4 Lymphocyte Count Case-Control Studies Cervix Uteri/*virology DNA, Viral/analysis Female Follow-Up Studies HIV Infections/*complications/virology Humans Papillomavirus Infections/pathology/*virology Precancerous Conditions/*virology Prospective Studies RNA, Viral/analysis Risk Factors Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/*virology Vagina/*virology
Ghartey J, Kovacs A, Burk RD, Stewart Massad L, Minkoff H, Xie X, Dʼsouza G, Xue X, Heather Watts D, Levine AM, Einstein MH, Colie C, Anastos K, Eltoum IE, Herold BC, Palefsky JM, Strickler HD (2014). Genital tract HIV RNA levels and their associations with human papillomavirus infection and risk of cervical precancer. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 66(3), 316-23. PMC4267467
Journal Article
Increase in CD4 count among new enrollees in HIV care in the modern antiretroviral therapy era
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2014
1-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24872131
BACKGROUND: Earlier HIV diagnosis and engagement in care improve outcomes and is cost effective, as a result, in 2006, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) revised the HIV-screening guidelines. We sought to determine whether the CD4 count (CD4) at presentation, a surrogate for time to presentation, increased during the study period. Our a priori hypothesis was that the CD4 at presentation increased during the study period, particularly after the CDC guideline revision. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study and analyzed data from the HIV Research Network, a consortium of 18 US clinics caring for HIV-infected patients. HIV-infected adults (>/=18 years old) newly presenting for care between 2003 and 2011 were included in this study. Multivariable linear regression examined associations with CD4 at enrollment. Calendar year was modeled as a linear spline with a change in slope at 2008, allowing determination of the mean change in CD4 per year during 2003-2007 a
10.1097/QAI.0000000000000228
24872131
PMC4134357
Adult Anti-Retroviral Agents/administration & dosage CD4 Lymphocyte Count/*statistics & numerical data Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/drug therapy/*epidemiology/*immunology/virology HIV-1/*isolation & purification Humans Linear Models Male Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis RNA, Viral/blood Retrospective Studies United States/epidemiology
Haines CF, Fleishman JA, Yehia BR, Berry SA, Moore RD, Bamford LP, Gebo KA; HIV Research Network (2014). Increase in CD4 count among new enrollees in HIV care in the modern antiretroviral therapy era. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 67(1), 84-90. PMC4134357
Journal Article
NIHMS607596
Increase in single-tablet regimen use and associated improvements in adherence-related outcomes in HIV-infected women
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2014
15-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24326606
INTRODUCTION: The use of single-tablet antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens and its implications on adherence among HIV-infected women have not been well described. METHODS: Participants were enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study, a longitudinal study of HIV infection in US women. We examined semiannual trends in single-tablet regimen use and ART adherence, defined as self-reported 95% adherence in the past 6 months, during 2006-2013. In a nested cohort study, we assessed the comparative effectiveness of a single-tablet versus a multiple-tablet regimen with respect to adherence, virologic suppression, quality of life, and AIDS-defining events, using propensity score matching to account for demographic, behavioral, and clinical confounders. We also examined these outcomes in a subset of women switching from a multiple- to single-tablet regimen using a case-crossover design. RESULTS: We included 15,523 person-visits, representing 1727 women (53% black, 29% Hispanic, 25% IDU, med
10.1097/QAI.0000000000000082
24326606
PMC3999284
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*administration & dosage Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*methods Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy Humans Longitudinal Studies Medication Adherence/*statistics & numerical data Middle Aged Quality of Life Tablets/*administration & dosage Treatment Outcome United States Viral Load
Hanna DB, Hessol NA, Golub ET, Cocohoba JM, Cohen MH, Levine AM, Wilson TE, Young M, Anastos K, Kaplan RC (2014). Increase in single-tablet regimen use and associated improvements in adherence-related outcomes in HIV-infected women. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 65(5), 587-96. PMC3999284
Journal Article
Immunodeficiency at the start of combination antiretroviral therapy in low-, middle-, and high-income countries
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2014
1-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24419071
OBJECTIVE: To describe the CD4 cell count at the start of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in low-income (LIC), lower middle-income (LMIC), upper middle-income (UMIC), and high-income (HIC) countries. METHODS: Patients aged 16 years or older starting cART in a clinic participating in a multicohort collaboration spanning 6 continents (International epidemiological Databases to Evaluate AIDS and ART Cohort Collaboration) were eligible. Multilevel linear regression models were adjusted for age, gender, and calendar year; missing CD4 counts were imputed. RESULTS: In total, 379,865 patients from 9 LIC, 4 LMIC, 4 UMIC, and 6 HIC were included. In LIC, the median CD4 cell count at cART initiation increased by 83% from 80 to 145 cells/muL between 2002 and 2009. Corresponding increases in LMIC, UMIC, and HIC were from 87 to 155 cells/muL (76% increase), 88 to 135 cells/muL (53%), and 209 to 274 cells/muL (31%). In 2009, compared with LIC, median counts were 13 cells/muL [95% confidence
10.1097/QAI.0b013e3182a39979
24419071
PMC3894575
Adolescent Adult Age Factors Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use CD4 Lymphocyte Count/*statistics & numerical data Developed Countries/*statistics & numerical data Developing Countries/*statistics & numerical data Female HIV Infections/drug therapy/immunology Humans Male Sex Factors Young Adult
IeDEA and ART Cohort Collaborations, Avila D, Althoff KN, Mugglin C, Wools-Kaloustian K, Koller M, Dabis F, Nash D, Gsponer T, Sungkanuparph S, McGowan C, May M, Cooper D, Chimbetete C, Wolff M, Collier A, McManus H, Davies MA, Costagliola D, Crabtree-Ramirez B, Chaiwarith R, Cescon A, Cornell M, Diero L, Phanuphak P, Sawadogo A, Ehmer J, Eholie SP, Li PC, Fox MP, Gandhi NR, González E, Lee CK, Hoffmann CJ, Kambugu A, Keiser O, Ditangco R, Prozesky H, Lampe F, Kumarasamy N, Kitahata M, Lugina E, Lyamuya R, Vonthanak S, Fink V, d'Arminio Monforte A, Luz PM, Chen YM, Minga A, Casabona J, Mwango A, Choi JY, Newell ML, Bukusi EA, Ngonyani K, Merati TP, Otieno J, Bosco MB, Phiri S, Ng OT, Anastos K, Rockstroh J, Santos I, Oka S, Somi G, Stephan C, Teira R, Wabwire D, Wandeler G, Boulle A, Reiss P, Wood R, Chi BH, Williams C, Sterne JA, Egger M (2014). Immunodeficiency at the start of combination antiretroviral therapy in low-, middle-, and high-income countries. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 65(1), e8-16. PMC3894575
Journal Article
NIHMS512588
T-cell activation, both pre- and post-HAART levels, correlates with carotid artery stiffness over 6.5 years among HIV-infected women in the WIHS
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2014
1-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25314253
OBJECTIVE: T-cell activation is a major pathway driving HIV disease progression. Little is known regarding the impact of T-cell activation on HIV-associated atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, a common comorbidity in HIV infection. We hypothesized that T-cell activation will predict vascular stiffness, a measure of subclinical atherosclerosis. DESIGN: Linear regression models evaluated the covariate-adjusted association of T-cell activation with vascular stiffness. METHODS: CD38 and HLA-DR expression on CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells was assessed by flow cytometry among 59 HIV-negative and 376 HIV-infected (185 hepatitis C coinfected) women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. T-cell activation was defined by CD8(+)CD38(+)DR+ and CD4(+)CD3(+)8DR+. Multiple activation assessments over 6.5 years were averaged. In 140 women, T-cell activation was measured before and after highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) initiation. Carotid artery ultrasounds were completed a median of 6.5
10.1097/QAI.0000000000000311
25314253
PMC4197806
ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1/metabolism Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology Carotid Artery Diseases/*physiopathology Female HIV Infections/*complications/drug therapy/immunology/physiopathology HIV Seronegativity/immunology HLA-DR Antigens/metabolism Humans Linear Models *Lymphocyte Activation Middle Aged Predictive Value of Tests Prospective Studies *Vascular Stiffness
Karim R, Mack WJ, Kono N, Tien PC, Anastos K, Lazar J, Young M, Desai S, Golub ET, Kaplan RC, Hodis HN, Kovacs A (2014). T-cell activation, both pre- and post-HAART levels, correlates with carotid artery stiffness over 6.5 years among HIV-infected women in the WIHS. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 67(3), 349-56. PMC4197806
Journal Article
Association of markers of hemostasis with death in HIV-infected women
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2014
1-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25314249
10.1097/QAI.0000000000000306
25314249
PMC4197808
Adult Biomarkers/blood Factor VIII/analysis Female Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products/analysis HIV Infections/blood/*mortality Hemostasis/*physiology Humans Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1/blood Predictive Value of Tests Prospective Studies Protein S/analysis United States/epidemiology: In HIV negatives, markers of hemostasis, including D-dimer, factor VIII, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 antigen (PAI-1), and total protein S are associated with all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. In HIV positives, studies of D-dimer and factor VIII with death were limited to short follow-up; associations of PAI-1 and total protein S with death have not been examined. In 674 HIV-infected women from the Women's Interagency HIV Study, markers from the first visit after enrollment were exposures of interest in multivariate analyses of death (AIDS and non-AIDS) in separate models at 5 and 16 years. There were 87 AIDS and 44 non-AIDS deaths at 5 years, a
Kiefer E, Hoover DR, Shi Q, Kuniholm MH, Augenbraun M, Cohen MH, Golub ET, Kaplan RC, Liu C, Nowicki M, Tien PC, Tracy RP, Anastos K (2014). Association of markers of hemostasis with death in HIV-infected women. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 67(3), 287-94. PMC4197808
Journal Article
Factors associated with delayed hepatitis B viral suppression on tenofovir among patients coinfected with HBV-HIV in the CNICS cohort
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2014
1-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24500175
BACKGROUND: Despite widespread use in HIV and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, the effectiveness of tenofovir (TDF) has not been studied extensively outside of small cohorts of coinfected patients with HBV-HIV. We examined the effect of prior lamivudine (3TC) treatment and other factors on HBV DNA suppression with TDF in a multisite clinical cohort of coinfected patients. METHODS: We studied all patients enrolled in the Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems cohort from 1996 to 2011 who had chronic HBV and HIV infection, initiated a TDF-based regimen continued for >/= 3 months and had on-treatment HBV DNA measurements. We used Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox-proportional hazards to estimate time to suppression (HBV DNA level <200 IU/mL or <1000 copies/mL) by selected covariates. RESULTS: Among 397 coinfected patients on TDF, 91% were also on emtricitabine or 3TC concurrently, 92% of those tested were hepatitis B e antigen positive, 196 (49%) had prior 3TC exposu
10.1097/QAI.0000000000000126
24500175
PMC3981874
Adenine/*analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use Adult Antiviral Agents/*therapeutic use DNA, Viral/blood Female HIV Infections/*complications Hepatitis B virus/*isolation & purification Hepatitis B, Chronic/*complications/*drug therapy Humans Male Middle Aged Organophosphonates/*therapeutic use Tenofovir Time Factors Treatment Outcome *Viral Load
Kim HN, Rodriguez CV, Van Rompaey S, Eron JJ, Thio CL, Crane HM, Overton ET, Saag MS, Martin J, Geng E, Mugavero M, Rodriguez B, Mathews WC, Boswell S, Moore R, Kitahata MM; Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems (2014). Factors associated with delayed hepatitis B viral suppression on tenofovir among patients coinfected with HBV-HIV in the CNICS cohort. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 66(1), 96-101. PMC3981874
Journal Article
NIHMS558318
Association of chronic hepatitis C infection with T-cell phenotypes in HIV-negative and HIV-positive women
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2014
1-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25314250
BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) viremia is thought to have broad systemic effects on the cellular immune system that go beyond its impact on just those T cells that are HCV specific. However, previous studies of chronic HCV and circulating T-cell subsets (activation and differentiation phenotypes) in HIV negatives used general population controls, rather than a risk-appropriate comparison group. Studies in HIV positives did not address overall immune status (total CD4(+) count). METHODS: We used fresh blood from HIV-positive and at-risk HIV-negative women, with and without chronic HCV, to measure percentages of activated CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, Tregs, and T-cell differentiation phenotypes (naive, central memory, effector memory (EM), and terminally differentiated effector). This included 158 HIV negatives and 464 HIV positives, of whom 18 and 63, respectively, were HCV viremic. RESULTS: In multivariate models of HIV negatives, HCV viremia was associated with 25% fewer naive CD4(
10.1097/QAI.0000000000000310
25314250
PMC4197408
Adolescent Adult CD4 Lymphocyte Count CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology Female HIV Seronegativity/*immunology HIV Seropositivity/*immunology Hepatitis C, Chronic/complications/*immunology Humans Immunity, Cellular Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis T-Lymphocyte Subsets/*immunology Viral Load Young Adult
Kuniholm MH, Xie X, Anastos K, Kaplan RC, Xue X, Kovacs A, Peters MG, Seaberg EC, French AL, Young MA, Augenbraun M, Martinson JA, Bush KA, Landay AL, Strickler HD (2014). Association of chronic hepatitis C infection with T-cell phenotypes in HIV-negative and HIV-positive women. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 67(3), 295-303. PMC4197408
Journal Article
Sexual risk trajectories among MSM in the United States: Implications for pre-exposure prophylaxis delivery
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2014
4/15/2014
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24378726
BACKGROUND: Despite evidence supporting pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) efficacy, there are concerns regarding the feasibility of widespread PrEP implementation among men who have sex with men (MSM). To inform the development of targeted PrEP delivery guidelines, sexual risk trajectories among HIV-negative MSM were characterized. METHODS: At semiannual visits from 2003 to 2011, HIV-negative MSM (N = 419) participating in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study provided data on sexual risk behaviors (SRBs) since their last visit. Based on their reported behaviors, participants were assigned a SRB score at each visit as follows: 0 = no insertive or receptive anal intercourse, 1 = no unprotected insertive or receptive anal intercourse, 2 = only unprotected insertive anal intercourse, 3 = unprotected receptive anal intercourse with 1 HIV-negative partner, 4 = condom serosorting, 5 = condom seropositioning, and 6 = no seroadaptive behaviors. Group-based trajectory modeling was used to examine SRB
10.1097/QAI.0000000000000101
24378726
PMC4026016
age AIDS anal intercourse behavior behavioral Chicago clinical cohort Cohort Studies cohort study condom Depression duration Education guidelines health high-risk Income Los Angeles MACS methods MSM multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Odds Ratio Pittsburgh prophylaxis Public Health research Risk screening sex sexual sexual risk behavior study substance use symptoms United States
Pines HA, Gorbach PM, Weiss RE, Shoptaw S, Landovitz RJ, Javanbakht M, Ostrow DG, Stall RD, Plankey M (2014). Sexual risk trajectories among MSM in the United States: Implications for pre-exposure prophylaxis delivery. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 65(5), 579-586. PMC4026016
Journal Article
Increases in duration of first highly active antiretroviral therapy over time (1996-2009) and associated factors in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2014
1-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24419062
BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens changes occur frequently among HIV-infected persons. Duration and type of initial highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and factors associated with regimen switching were evaluated in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. METHODS: Participants were classified according to the calendar period of HAART initiation: T1 (1996-2001), T2 (2002-2005), and T3 (2006-2009). Kaplan-Meier curves depicted time from HAART initiation to first regimen changes within 5.5 years. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to examine factors associated with time to switching. RESULTS: Of 1009 participants, 796 changed regimen within 5.5 years after HAART initiation. The percentage of participants who switched declined from 85% during T1 to 49% in T3. The likelihood of switching in T3 decreased by 50% (P < 0.01) compared with T1 after adjustment for pre-HAART ART use, age, race, and CD4 count. Incomplete HIV suppression decreased over time (P <
10.1097/QAI.0b013e3182a99a0d
24419062
PMC3896869
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*drug therapy Adult Age Factors Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/methods/*statistics & numerical data CD4 Lymphocyte Count/statistics & numerical data Drug Substitution/statistics & numerical data Humans Kaplan-Meier Estimate Male Medication Adherence/statistics & numerical data Middle Aged Proportional Hazards Models Prospective Studies Time Factors
Slama L, Li X, Brown T, Jacobson LP, Pialoux G, Macatangay B, Bolan RK, Phair J, Palella FJ Jr; Multicenter AIDS cohort Study (2014). Increases in duration of first highly active antiretroviral therapy over time (1996-2009) and associated factors in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 65(1), 57-64. PMC3896869
Journal Article
Serum microRNAs in HIV-infected individuals as pre-diagnosis biomarkers for AIDS-NHL
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2014
6/1/2014
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24675587
OBJECTIVE: To determine if changes in levels of serum microRNAs (miRNAs) were seen preceding the diagnosis of AIDS-related non-Hodgkin lymphoma (AIDS-NHL). DESIGN: Serum miRNA levels were compared in 3 subject groups from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study: HIV-negative men (n = 43), HIV-positive men who did not develop NHL (n = 45), and HIV-positive men before AIDS-NHL diagnosis (n = 62, median time before diagnosis, 8.8 months). METHODS: A total of 175 serum-enriched miRNAs were initially screened to identify differentially expressed miRNAs among these groups and the results validated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis was then performed to assess biomarker utility. RESULTS: Higher levels of miR-21 and miR-122, and a lower level of miR-223, were able to discriminate HIV-infected from the HIV-uninfected groups, suggesting that these miRNAs are biomarkers for HIV infection but are not AIDS-NHL specific. Among the HIV-infected groups, a
10.1097/QAI.0000000000000146
24675587
PMC4096008
Adult Aged AIDS AIDS-related analysis Baltimore blood cancer CD4 Lymphocyte Count central nervous system change Chicago cohort Cohort Studies cohort study diagnosis Disease epidemiology genetics health Hiv HIV infection HIV Infections Humans immunology infection infectious diseases Los Angeles lymphoma Lymphoma,AIDS-Related Lymphoma,Large B-Cell,Diffuse Lymphoma,Non-Hodgkin Male marker markers methods microbiology MicroRNAs Middle Aged multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Multicenter Studies Nervous System Pittsburgh Polymerase Chain Reaction Prospective Studies Public Health Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Reproducibility of Results research Roc Curve Sensitivity and Specificity sera Serum study support Time Tumor Markers,Biological Young Adult
Thapa DR, Hussain SK, Tran WC, Dʼsouza G, Bream JH, Achenback CJ, Ayyavoo V, Detels R, Martínez-Maza O (2014). Serum microRNAs in HIV-infected individuals as pre-diagnosis biomarkers for AIDS-NHL. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 66(2), 229-237. PMC4096008
Journal Article
Combination antiretroviral treatment for women previously treated only in pregnancy: week 24 results of AIDS clinical trials group protocol a5227
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2014
15-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24759064
BACKGROUND: Women with HIV and prior exposure to combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) solely for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (pMTCT) need to know whether they can later be treated successfully with a commonly used regimen of efavirenz (EFV) and coformulated emtricitabine (FTC) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). METHODS: Nonpregnant women with plasma HIV-1 RNA of >/=500 copies per milliliter, previously cART exposed for pMTCT only, were eligible if they were off ART for >/=24 weeks before entry, were without evidence of drug resistance on standard genotyping, and were ready to start EFV plus FTC/TDF. The primary endpoint was virologic response (defined as plasma HIV RNA <400 copies/mL) at 24 weeks. RESULTS: Fifty-four women were enrolled between October 2007 and December 2009; 52 of 54 completed 24 weeks of follow-up. Median baseline CD4 T-cell count was 265/mm and baseline plasma HIV-1 RNA was 4.6 log10 copies per milliliter. Median prior cART duration was 14
10.1097/QAI.0000000000000072
24759064
PMC4197052
Adenine/analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use Adult Anti-Retroviral Agents/*therapeutic use Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*methods Benzoxazines/therapeutic use CD4 Lymphocyte Count Deoxycytidine/analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use Emtricitabine Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy HIV-1/isolation & purification Humans Organophosphonates/therapeutic use Pregnancy Prospective Studies RNA, Viral/blood Tenofovir Treatment Outcome Viral Load
Vogler MA, Smeaton LM, Wright RL, Cardoso SW, Sanchez J, Infante R, Moran LE, Godfrey C, Demeter LM, Johnson VA (2014). Combination antiretroviral treatment for women previously treated only in pregnancy: week 24 results of AIDS clinical trials group protocol a5227. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 65(5), 542-50. PMC4197052
Journal Article
NIHMS542894
Association of Blood Biomarkers of Bone Turnover in HIV-1 Infected Individuals Receiving Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART)
J AIDS Clin Res
2014
2014
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25705563
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of bone turnover biomarkers with blood levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP), osteocalcin (OC), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and other blood markers in HIV-1 infected men receiving anti-retroviral therapy (ART). Advances in the treatment of HIV-1 infection have extended the life span of HIV-1 infected individuals. However, these advances may come at the price of metabolic side effects and bone disorders, including premature osteopenia, osteoporosis and osteonecrosis. METHODS: Analyses of Ostase BAP, osteocalcin, and TRAP in blood were measured in three groups of MACS participants: 35 HIV-1 infected men on ART (A); 35 HIV-1- infected men not on ART (B); and 34 HIV-1 uninfected men (C). RESULTS: The mean and standard deviation results for groups A, B, and C were 19.7 +/- 6.56, 17.2 +/- 3.96, and 16.9 +/- 5.78 for ostase BAP; 7.9 +/- 9.53, 8.5 +/- 8.30, and 5.5 +/- 1.6
10.4172/2155-6113.1000360
25705563
PMC4332849
Alkaline phosphatase HIV infection Osteocalcin Osteoporosis Parathyroid hormone Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase
Aziz N, Butch AW, Quint JJ, Detels R (2014). Association of Blood Biomarkers of Bone Turnover in HIV-1 Infected Individuals Receiving Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART). J AIDS Clin Res, 5(11), 360. PMC4332849
Journal Article
Cancer Incidence in HIV-Infected Versus Uninfected Veterans: Comparison of Cancer Registry and ICD-9 Code Diagnoses
J AIDS Clin Res
2014
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25580366
BACKGROUND: Given the growing interest in the cancer burden in persons living with HIV/AIDS, we examined the validity of data sources for cancer diagnoses (cancer registry versus International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision [ICD-9 codes]) and compared the association between HIV status and cancer risk using each data source in the Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS), a prospective cohort of HIV-infected and uninfected veterans from 1996 to 2008. METHODS: We reviewed charts to confirm potential incident cancers at four VACS sites. In the entire cohort, we calculated cancer-type-specific age-, sex-, race/ethnicity-, and calendar-period-standardized incidence rates and incidence rate ratios (IRR) (HIV-infected versus uninfected). We calculated standardized incidence ratios (SIR) to compare VACS and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results rates. RESULTS: Compared to chart review, both Veterans Affairs Central Cancer Registry (VACCR) and ICD-9 diagnoses had approximately 90%
10.4172/2155-6113.1000318
25580366
PMC4285627
HIV Infections International Classification of Diseases Neoplasms Registries
Park LS, Tate JP, Rodriguez-Barradas MC, Rimland D, Goetz MB, Gibert C, Brown ST, Kelley MJ, Justice AC, Dubrow R (2014). Cancer Incidence in HIV-Infected Versus Uninfected Veterans: Comparison of Cancer Registry and ICD-9 Code Diagnoses. J AIDS Clin Res, 5(7), 1000318. PMC4285627
Journal Article
NIHMS647683
Changes in Body Mass Index Following HAART Initiation among HIV-Infected Women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study
J AIDS Clin Res
2014
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25580365
OBJECTIVE: Examine changes in, and factors associated with changing body mass index (BMI) in women following highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) initiation. METHODS: 1177 HIV-infected Women's Interagency HIV Study participants who contributed 10,754 years of follow-up following HAART initiation were studied. Changes in median BMI up to 15 years following HAART initiation, and the highest and lowest BMI reached following HAART initiation were summarized by pre-HAART BMI category (<18.5 [underweight], 18.5-<25.0 [normal weight], 25.0-<30.0 [overweight], 30.0-<40.0 [obese], and >/= 40.0 [morbidly obese]). Multivariate mixed effects ordinal logistic regression estimated the degree of association of each exposure of interest with post-HAART BMI. RESULTS: Before HAART, 39% percent of women had normal BMI, 31% were overweight, 23% were obese, and 5% were morbidly obese. Following HAART initiation, median BMI change (per 5 years) was 0.21 kg/m(2) (90% confidence interval [CI]: -1.33,
10.4172/2155-6113.1000323
25580365
PMC4285631
Body mass index Haart Hiv Obesity Women Women's interagency HIV study
Sharma A, Bynum SA, Schneider MF, Cox C, Tien PC, Hershow RC, Gustafson D, Plankey MW (2014). Changes in Body Mass Index Following HAART Initiation among HIV-Infected Women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. J AIDS Clin Res, 5(), . PMC4285631
Journal Article
Pulmonary Function in HIV-Infected Recreational Drug Users in the Era of Anti-Retroviral Therapy
J AIDS Clin Res
2014
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25664201
BACKGROUND: Individuals with HIV infection commonly have pulmonary function abnormalities, including airflow obstruction and diffusion impairment, which may be more prevalent among recreational drug users. To date, the relationship between drug use and pulmonary function abnormalities among those with HIV remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To determine associations between recreational drug use and airflow obstruction, diffusion impairment, and radiographic emphysema in men and women with HIV. METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis of pulmonary function and self-reported recreational drug use data from a cohort of 121 men and 63 women with HIV. Primary outcomes were the presence (yes/no) of: 1) airflow obstruction, (pre- or post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity<0.70); 2) moderate diffusion impairment (diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide <60% predicted); and 3) radiographic emphysema (>1% of lung voxels <-950 Hounsfield units). Exposures of interest were
10.4172/2155-6113.1000365
25664201
PMC4318265
Copd Cocaine Diffusion impairment Drug use Emphysema Hiv Pulmonary function
Simonetti JA, Gingo MR, Kingsley L, Kessinger C, Lucht L, Balasubramani G, Leader JK, Huang L, Greenblatt RM, Dermand J, Kleerup EC, Morris A (2014). Pulmonary Function in HIV-Infected Recreational Drug Users in the Era of Anti-Retroviral Therapy. J AIDS Clin Res, 5(11), . PMC4318265
Journal Article
Inaccuracy of haemoglobin A1c among HIV-infected men: effects of CD4 cell count, antiretroviral therapies and haematological parameters
J Antimicrob Chemother
2014
Dec-14
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25096078
BACKGROUND: There is limited evidence that among HIV-infected patients haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) values may not accurately reflect glycaemia. We assessed HbA1c discordance (observed HbA1c - expected HbA1c) and associated factors among HIV-infected participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). METHODS: Fasting glucose (FG) and HbA1c were measured at each semi-annual MACS visit since 1999. All HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected men for whom at least one FG and HbA1c pair measurement was available were evaluated. Univariate median regression determined the association between HbA1c and FG by HIV serostatus. The relationship between HbA1c and FG in HIV-uninfected men was used to determine the expected HbA1c. Generalized estimating equations determined factors associated with the Hb1Ac discordance among HIV-infected men. Clinically significant discordance was defined as observed HbA1c - expected HbA1c </=-0.5%. RESULTS: Over 13 years, 1500 HIV-uninfected and 1357 HIV-infected men wer
10.1093/jac/dku295
25096078
PMC4228777
AIDS antiretroviral therapy CD4 Cell Count cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Diabetes Mellitus effects Fasting Hiv MACS measurement methods multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Risk Risk Factors serostatus study therapies therapy Zidovudine
Slama L, Palella FJ Jr, Abraham AG, Li X, Vigouroux C, Pialoux G, Kingsley L, Lake JE, Brown TT (2014). Inaccuracy of haemoglobin A1c among HIV-infected men: effects of CD4 cell count, antiretroviral therapies and haematological parameters. J Antimicrob Chemother, 69(12), 3360-3367. PMC4228777
Journal Article
Improved single-copy assays for quantification of persistent HIV-1 viremia in patients on suppressive antiretroviral therapy
J Clin Microbiol
2014
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25187636
A quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assay with single-copy sensitivity targeting HIV-1 gag RNA (the gag single-copy assay [gSCA]) has been used widely to quantify plasma viremia below the limit of detection of clinical assays in patients on effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), but viral RNA in 15 to 30% of samples amplifies inefficiently because of primer/probe mismatches. We sought to develop improved single-copy assays with increased sensitivity by improving nucleic acid recovery, designing qRT-PCR primers and a probe for a highly conserved region of integrase in the HIV-1 pol gene (the integrase single-copy assay [iSCA]), and increasing the plasma volume tested (Mega-iSCA). We evaluated gSCA versus iSCA in paired plasma samples from 10 consecutive patients with viremia of >1,000 copies/ml and 25 consecutive patients on suppressive ART. Three of 10 viremic samples amplified inefficiently with gSCA compared to the Roche Cobas Ampliprep/TaqMan 2.0, whereas all 10 samples amplifie
10.1128/JCM.02060-14
25187636
PMC4313209
Anti-Retroviral Agents/*therapeutic use DNA Primers/genetics HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*virology HIV-1/*isolation & purification Humans Oligonucleotide Probes/genetics RNA, Viral/analysis/blood/genetics Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods Sensitivity and Specificity Viral Load/*methods Viremia/*virology
Cillo AR, Vagratian D, Bedison MA, Anderson EM, Kearney MF, Fyne E, Koontz D, Coffin JM, Piatak M Jr, Mellors JW (2014). Improved single-copy assays for quantification of persistent HIV-1 viremia in patients on suppressive antiretroviral therapy. J Clin Microbiol, 52(11), 3944-51. PMC4313209
Journal Article
HIV diversity as a biomarker for HIV incidence estimation: including a high-resolution melting diversity assay in a multiassay algorithm
J Clin Microbiol
2014
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24153134
Multiassay algorithms (MAAs) can be used to estimate cross-sectional HIV incidence. We previously identified a robust MAA that includes the BED capture enzyme immunoassay (BED-CEIA), the Bio-Rad Avidity assay, viral load, and CD4 cell count. In this report, we evaluated MAAs that include a high-resolution melting (HRM) diversity assay that does not require sequencing. HRM scores were determined for eight regions of the HIV genome (2 in gag, 1 in pol, and 5 in env). The MAAs that were evaluated included the BED-CEIA, the Bio-Rad Avidity assay, viral load, and the HRM diversity assay, using HRM scores from different regions and a range of region-specific HRM diversity assay cutoffs. The performance characteristics based on the proportion of samples that were classified as MAA positive by duration of infection were determined for each MAA, including the mean window period. The cross-sectional incidence estimates obtained using optimized MAAs were compared to longitudinal incidence estimat
10.1128/JCM.02040-13
24153134
PMC3911463
Algorithms Biomarkers Cohort Studies Female *Genetic Variation HIV/*genetics HIV Infections/*virology Humans Immunoassay/methods Incidence Male Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/*methods Transition Temperature United States/epidemiology Viral Load/methods
Cousins MM, Konikoff J, Laeyendecker O, Celum C, Buchbinder SP, Seage GR 3rd, Kirk GD, Moore RD, Mehta SH, Margolick JB, Brown J, Mayer KH, Koblin BA, Wheeler D, Justman JE, Hodder SL, Quinn TC, Brookmeyer R, Eshleman SH (2014). HIV diversity as a biomarker for HIV incidence estimation: including a high-resolution melting diversity assay in a multiassay algorithm. J Clin Microbiol, 52(1), 115-21. PMC3911463
Journal Article
Sexual minority status and violence among HIV infected and at-risk women
J Gen Intern Med
2014
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24700180
IMPORTANCE: Sexual minority women with and at-risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may face increased risks of violence. OBJECTIVE: To understand the relationship between sexual minority status and violence; and how high-risk sex and substance use mediate that relationship among women with and at-risk for HIV. DESIGN & PARTICIPANTS: Longitudinal study of 1,235 HIV infected and 508 uninfected women of the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) cohort, from New York City, NY, Chicago, IL, Washington D.C., and San Francisco, CA, 1994-2012. MAIN MEASURES: Primary exposures are sexual identity (heterosexual, bisexual, lesbian/gay) and sexual behavior (male, female, or male & female partners). Primary outcomes are sexual abuse, intimate partner violence (IPV) and physical violence; high-risk sex and substance use were examined as mediators. KEY RESULTS: Bisexual women were at increased odds for sexual abuse [aOR 1.56 (1.00, 2.44)], IPV [aOR 1.50 (1.08, 2.09)], and physical violence [aOR
10.1007/s11606-014-2832-y
24700180
PMC4099466
Adult *Bisexuality/psychology Cohort Studies Female Follow-Up Studies HIV Infections/diagnosis/*epidemiology Heterosexuality/psychology *Homosexuality, Female/psychology Humans Longitudinal Studies Male Middle Aged Risk Factors Sex Offenses/psychology/*trends *Sexual Partners/psychology Unsafe Sex/psychology Violence/psychology/*trends
Pyra M, Weber K, Wilson TE, Cohen J, Murchison L, Goparaju L, Cohen MH (2014). Sexual minority status and violence among HIV infected and at-risk women. J Gen Intern Med, 29(8), 1131-8. PMC4099466
Journal Article
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpr polymorphisms associated with progressor and nonprogressor individuals alter Vpr-associated functions
J Gen Virol
2014
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24300552
Following infection with Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) there is a remarkable variation in virus replication and disease progression. Both host and viral factors have been implicated in the observed differences in disease status. Here, we focus on understanding the contribution of HIV-1 viral protein R (Vpr) by evaluating the disease-associated Vpr polymorphism and its biological functions from HIV-1 positive rapid progressor (RP) and long-term nonprogressor (LTNP) subjects. Results presented here show distinct variation in phenotypes of Vpr alleles from LTNP and RP subjects. Most notably, the polymorphism of Vpr at R36W and L68M associated with RP shows higher levels of oligomerization, and increased virus replication, whereas R77Q exhibits poor replication kinetics. Interestingly, we did not observe correlation with cell cycle arrest function. Together these results indicate that polymorphisms in Vpr in part may contribute to altered virus replication kinetics leading to the
10.1099/vir.0.059576-0
24300552
PMC3929175
Disease Progression G2 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints HIV Infections/pathology/physiopathology/*virology HIV-1/classification/*genetics/isolation & purification/physiology Humans Phylogeny *Polymorphism, Genetic Virus Replication vpr Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/*genetics/*metabolism
Hadi K, Walker LA, Guha D, Murali R, Watkins SC, Tarwater P, Srinivasan A, Ayyavoo V (2014). Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpr polymorphisms associated with progressor and nonprogressor individuals alter Vpr-associated functions. J Gen Virol, 95(Pt 3), 700-711. PMC3929175
Journal Article
Age, comorbidities, and AIDS predict a frailty phenotype in men who have sex with men
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci
2014
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24127428
BACKGROUND: Adults aging with HIV infection are at risk for age-related comorbidities and syndromes, such as frailty. The objective of this study was to evaluate the expression and predictors of the frailty phenotype (FP) among HIV-infected (HIV+) and HIV-uninfected (HIV-) men who have sex with men. METHODS: A prospective, observational cohort study was nested in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study from October 2007-September 2011. FP conversion was defined as the onset of FP over two consecutive study visits. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals ([,]) for FP conversion were estimated using logistic regression models with generalized estimating equations. RESULTS: Of 10,571 completed study visits from 1,946 men who have sex with men, 12% and 9% were FP+ among HIV+ and HIV- men, respectively (p = .002). The proportion of FP+ visits increased with age regardless of HIV status, but was significantly greater in HIV+ compared to HIV- men aged 50-64 years. Of the 10,276 consecutiv
10.1093/gerona/glt148
24127428
PMC4038242
Adult Age Factors Case-Control Studies Cohort Studies Fatigue/*complications/physiopathology/psychology Gait/physiology HIV Infections/*complications/*physiopathology/psychology Hand Strength/physiology Health Status *Homosexuality, Male Humans Male Middle Aged Motor Activity/*physiology Risk Factors Weight Loss/physiology Epidemiology Frailty Multimorbidities.
Althoff KN, Jacobson LP, Cranston RD, Detels R, Phair JP, Li X, Margolick JB; Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) (2014). Age, comorbidities, and AIDS predict a frailty phenotype in men who have sex with men. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 69(2), 189-98. PMC4038242
Journal Article
Distinct assembly profiles of HLA-B molecules
J Immunol
2014
1-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24790147
MHC class I polymorphisms are known to influence outcomes in a number of infectious diseases, cancers, and inflammatory diseases. Human MHC class I H chains are encoded by the HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C genes. These genes are highly polymorphic, with the HLA-B locus being the most variable. Each HLA class I protein binds to a distinct set of peptide Ags, which are presented to CD8(+) T cells. HLA-disease associations have been shown in some cases to link to the peptide-binding characteristics of individual HLA class I molecules. In this study, we show that polymorphisms at the HLA-B locus profoundly influence the assembly characteristics of HLA-B molecules and the stabilities of their peptide-deficient forms. In particular, dependence on the assembly factor tapasin is highly variable, with frequent occurrence of strongly tapasin-dependent or independent allotypes. Several polymorphic HLA-B residues located near the C-terminal end of the peptide are key determinants of tapasin-independent
10.4049/jimmunol.1301670
24790147
PMC4117407
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/genetics/immunology *Antigen Presentation Antigens/genetics/*immunology CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology Cell Line, Tumor Genetic Loci/*immunology HIV-1/genetics/immunology HLA-B Antigens/genetics/*immunology Humans Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics/immunology Peptides/genetics/*immunology Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics/immunology Protein Folding
Rizvi SM, Salam N, Geng J, Qi Y, Bream JH, Duggal P, Hussain SK, Martinson J, Wolinsky SM, Carrington M, Raghavan M (2014). Distinct assembly profiles of HLA-B molecules. J Immunol, 192(11), 4967-76. PMC4117407
Journal Article
Association of the IFNL4-DeltaG Allele With Impaired Spontaneous Clearance of Hepatitis C Virus
J Infect Dis
2014
1-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23956438
Interferon lambda 4 protein can be generated in IFNL4-DeltaG carriers but not IFNL4-TT homozygotes. We studied 890 anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive participants in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Among blacks (n = 555), HCV was more often cleared for those with genotype IFNL4-TT/TT (32.6%; odds ratio [OR], 3.59; P = 3.3 x 10(-5)) than IFNL4-TT/DeltaG (11.3%; OR, 0.95; P = .86) or IFNL4-DeltaG/DeltaG (11.9%; referent). Pooling these data with published results in blacks (n = 1678), ORs were 3.84 (P = 8.6 x 10(-14)) for IFNL4-TT/TT and 1.44 (P = .03) IFNL4-TT/DeltaG, and the area under the curve was 0.64 for IFNL4-DeltaG genotype and 0.61 for rs12979860 (IL28B). IFNL4-DeltaG is strongly associated with impaired spontaneous HCV clearance.
10.1093/infdis/jit433
23956438
PMC3883162
Adult African Americans Alleles Cohort Studies Female *Genetic Predisposition to Disease Hepacivirus/*immunology/*isolation & purification Hepatitis C/*immunology Humans Interleukins/*genetics Prospective Studies Hcv Ifnl4 Il28b genetic viral clearance
Aka PV, Kuniholm MH, Pfeiffer RM, Wang AS, Tang W, Chen S, Astemborski J, Plankey M, Villacres MC, Peters MG, Desai S, Seaberg EC, Edlin BR, Strickler HD, Thomas DL, Prokunina-Olsson L, Sharp GB, O'Brien TR (2014). Association of the IFNL4-DeltaG Allele With Impaired Spontaneous Clearance of Hepatitis C Virus. J Infect Dis, 209(3), 350-4. PMC3883162
Journal Article
Regulatory variation in HIV-1 dependency factor ZNRD1 associates with host resistance to HIV-1 acquisition
J Infect Dis
2014
15-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24842830
BACKGROUND: ZNRD1 was identified as a host protein required for the completion of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) lifecycle in a genome-wide screen using small interfering RNA gene silencing. Subsequently, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of host determinants for HIV-1 disease identified an association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ZNRD1 region with CD4(+) T-cell depletion. METHODS: We investigated the effects of SNPs in the ZNRD1 region on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and progression to clinical outcomes in 5 US-based HIV-1 longitudinal cohorts consisting of men who have sex with men, males with hemophilia, and injection drug users (IDUs) (n = 1865). SNP function was evaluated by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and promoter luciferase assay. RESULTS: A haplotype in the ZNRD1 gene showed significant association with a 35% decreased risk of HIV-1 acquisition (OR = 0.65, 95% CI, .47-.89), independent of HLA-C rs9264942, in Eur
10.1093/infdis/jiu291
24842830
PMC4215072
Cohort Studies DNA-Binding Proteins/*genetics *Disease Resistance HIV-1/*immunology Humans Longitudinal Studies Male *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide United States Aids Hiv-1 Snp Znrd1 genetic association host susceptibility infection single nucleotide polymorphism
An P, Goedert JJ, Donfield S, Buchbinder S, Kirk GD, Detels R, Winkler CA (2014). Regulatory variation in HIV-1 dependency factor ZNRD1 associates with host resistance to HIV-1 acquisition. J Infect Dis, 210(10), 1539-48. PMC4215072
Journal Article
Heterogeneity of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses to cytomegalovirus in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected men who have sex with men
J Infect Dis
2014
8/1/2014
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24532602
Studies of T-cell immunity to human cytomegalovirus (CMV) primarily reflect anti-CMV pp65 or immediate early antigen 1 (IE-1) activity. We assessed responses of T cells from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative and HIV-infected men to peptide pools spanning 19 CMV open reading frames selected because they previously correlated with total CMV-specific T-cell responses in healthy donors. Cells producing cytokines in response to pp65 or IE-1 together composed <12% and <40% of the total CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses to CMV, respectively. These proportions were generally similar regardless of HIV serostatus. Thus, analyses of total CMV-specific T-cell responses should extend beyond pp65 and IE-1 regardless of HIV serostatus
10.1093/infdis/jiu093
24532602
PMC4110456
Adult Baltimore CD4+ CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes CD8+ CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes cells CMV complications cytokine Cytokines Cytomegalovirus Cytomegalovirus Infections Gene Therapy health Hiv HIV Infections Homosexuality,Male Human human immunodeficiency virus Humans Immunity immunodeficiency immunology Male Maryland microbiology Open Reading Frames physiology Public Health research response serostatus sex study support t cell t-cells therapies therapy vaccine virus
Li H, Margolick JB, Bream JH, Nilles TL, Langan S, Bui HT, Sylwester AW, Picker LJ, Leng SX (2014). Heterogeneity of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses to cytomegalovirus in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected men who have sex with men. J Infect Dis, 210(3), 400-404. PMC4110456
Journal Article
Variants in HAVCR1 gene region contribute to hepatitis C persistence in African Americans
J Infect Dis
2014
1-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23964107
To confirm previously identified polymorphisms in HAVCR1 that were associated with persistent hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in individuals of African and of European descent, we studied 165 subjects of African descent and 635 subjects of European descent. Because the association was only confirmed in subjects of African descent (rs6880859; odds ratio, 2.42; P = .01), we then used 379 subjects of African descent (142 with spontaneous HCV clearance) to fine-map HAVCR1. rs111511318 was strongly associated with HCV persistence after adjusting for IL28B and HLA (adjusted P = 8.8 x 10(-4)), as was one 81-kb haplotype (adjusted P = .0006). The HAVCR1 genomic region is an independent genetic determinant of HCV persistence in individuals of African descent.
10.1093/infdis/jit444
23964107
PMC3883167
African Americans Female Gene Frequency *Genetic Predisposition to Disease Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1 Hepatitis C, Chronic/*genetics Humans Male Membrane Glycoproteins/*genetics Polymorphism, Genetic Receptors, Virus/*genetics Tim 1 hepatitis C virus human genetics
Wojcik G, Latanich R, Mosbruger T, Astemborski J, Kirk GD, Mehta SH, Goedert JJ, Kim AY, Seaberg EC, Busch M, Thomas DL, Duggal P, Thio CL (2014). Variants in HAVCR1 gene region contribute to hepatitis C persistence in African Americans. J Infect Dis, 209(3), 355-9. PMC3883167
Journal Article
Characteristics and comprehensiveness of adult HIV care and treatment programmes in Asia-Pacific, sub-Saharan Africa and the Americas: results of a site assessment conducted by the International epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) Collaboration
J Int AIDS Soc
2014
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25516092
INTRODUCTION: HIV care and treatment programmes worldwide are transforming as they push to deliver universal access to essential prevention, care and treatment services to persons living with HIV and their communities. The characteristics and capacity of these HIV programmes affect patient outcomes and quality of care. Despite the importance of ensuring optimal outcomes, few studies have addressed the capacity of HIV programmes to deliver comprehensive care. We sought to describe such capacity in HIV programmes in seven regions worldwide. METHODS: Staff from 128 sites in 41 countries participating in the International epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS completed a site survey from 2009 to 2010, including sites in the Asia-Pacific region (n=20), Latin America and the Caribbean (n=7), North America (n=7), Central Africa (n=12), East Africa (n=51), Southern Africa (n=16) and West Africa (n=15). We computed a measure of the comprehensiveness of care based on seven World Health Organi
10.7448/IAS.17.1.19045
25516092
PMC4268491
Adult Africa South of the Sahara Americas Australasia Child Child, Preschool *Comprehensive Health Care Female HIV Infections/*diagnosis/*drug therapy/epidemiology/prevention & control *Health Services Research Humans Male HIV care capacity Hiv/aids clinic characteristics comprehensive care resource-limited settings
Duda SN, Farr AM, Lindegren ML, Blevins M, Wester CW, Wools-Kaloustian K, Ekouevi DK, Egger M, Hemingway-Foday J, Cooper DA, Moore RD, McGowan CC, Nash D; International Epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) Collaboration (2014). Characteristics and comprehensiveness of adult HIV care and treatment programmes in Asia-Pacific, sub-Saharan Africa and the Americas: results of a site assessment conducted by the International epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) Collaboration. J Int AIDS Soc, 17(), 19045. PMC4268491
Journal Article
Relationship of vitamin D, HIV, HIV treatment, and lipid levels in the Women's Interagency HIV Study of HIV-infected and uninfected women in the United States
J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care
2014
May-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24668135
Relationships between vitamin D, lipids, HIV infection, and HIV treatment (+/-antiretroviral therapy [ART]) were investigated with Women's Interagency HIV Study data (n = 1758 middle-aged women) using multivariable regression. Sixty-three percent of women had vitamin D deficiency. Median 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH vitamin D) was highest in HIV-infected + ART-treated women (17 ng/mL; P < .001) and was the same in HIV-uninfected or HIV-infected women without ART (14 ng/mL). Vitamin D levels were lower if efavirenz (EFV) was included in ART (15 versus 19 ng/mL; P < .001). The most common lipid abnormality was high triglycerides (>/=200 mg/dL) in HIV-infected + ART-treated women (13% versus 7% of HIV-infected without ART and 5% of HIV-uninfected; P < .001), with a positive relationship between 25-OH vitamin D and triglycerides (95% confidence interval 0.32-1.69; P < .01). No relationships between 25-OH vitamin D and cholesterol were detected. Vitamin D deficiency is common irrespective of
10.1177/2325957413506748
24668135
PMC4016117
Adult Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use Female HIV Infections/drug therapy/*epidemiology Humans Lipids/*blood Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis United States/epidemiology Vitamin D/*analogs & derivatives/blood Vitamin D Deficiency/epidemiology 25-OH vitamin D HIV infected HIV uninfected LDL cholesterol Wihs cholesterol lipids triglycerides vitamin D
Schwartz JB, Moore KL, Yin M, Sharma A, Merenstein D, Islam T, Golub ET, Tien PC, Adeyemi OM (2014). Relationship of vitamin D, HIV, HIV treatment, and lipid levels in the Women's Interagency HIV Study of HIV-infected and uninfected women in the United States. J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care, 13(3), 250-9. PMC4016117
Journal Article
Systemic cytokine and interferon responsiveness Patterns in HIV and HCV mono and co-infections
J Interferon Cytokine Res
2014
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24955730
The role of host response-related factors in the fast progression of liver disease in individuals co-infected with HIV and HCV viruses remains poorly understood. This study compared patterns of cytokines, caspase-1 activation, endotoxin exposure in plasma as well as interferon signaling in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HIV/HCV co-infected (HIV(+)/HCV(+)), HCV mono-infected (HIV(-)/HCV(+)), HIV mono-infected (HIV(+)/HCV(-)) female patients and HIV- and HCV-uninfected women (HIV(-)/HCV(-)) who had enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). HIV(+)/HCV(+) women had higher plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as caspase-1 compared with other groups. Both HIV(+)/HCV(+) and HIV(+)/HCV(-) women had significantly higher sCD14 levels compared with other groups. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HCV mono-infected patients had reduced levels of phosphorylation of STAT1 compared with other groups as well as lower basal levels of expression of the IFN-stimul
10.1089/jir.2014.0006
24955730
PMC4217006
2',5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase/metabolism Adult Caspase 1/blood Cohort Studies Coinfection/complications/*immunology Cytokines/blood/metabolism Endopeptidases/*metabolism Female Follow-Up Studies HIV/*immunology HIV Infections/complications/*immunology Hepacivirus/*immunology Hepatitis C/complications/*immunology Humans Leukocytes, Mononuclear/*immunology/virology Middle Aged Prospective Studies Ubiquitins/metabolism
Fernandez-Botran R, Joshi-Barve S, Ghare S, Barve S, Young M, Plankey M, Bordon J (2014). Systemic cytokine and interferon responsiveness Patterns in HIV and HCV mono and co-infections. J Interferon Cytokine Res, 34(11), 885-93. PMC4217006
Journal Article
Abnormal pap tests and human papillomavirus infections among HIV-infected and uninfected women who have sex with women
J Low Genit Tract Dis
2014
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23959300
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the frequency of abnormal Pap and human papillomavirus (HPV) positivity among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive and -seronegative women who have sex with women (WSW). METHODS: Pap and HPV DNA polymerase chain reaction tests were obtained every 6 months from women in a US cohort of HIV-seropositive and -seronegative women. Women who have sex with women were women reporting no male and at least 1 female sex partner for 5 years. They were frequency matched 1:5 to women reporting sex only with men (WSM) and assessed using multivariable generalized estimating equation logistic regression models. RESULTS: Paps at study entry were abnormal in 12 (21%) of 49 HIV-seropositive WSW, 151 (64%) of 245 HIV-seropositive WSM, 3 (9%) of 24 HIV-seronegative WSW, and 16 (11%) of 120 HIV-seronegative WSM. Human papillomavirus was found at entry in 18 (42%) HIV-seropositive WSW, 109 (52%) HIV-seropositive WSM, 6 (27%) HIV-seronegative WSW, and 13 (13%) HIV-seronegative
10.1097/LGT.0b013e3182942733
23959300
PMC3905442
Adult Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/*complications *Homosexuality, Female *Human Papillomavirus DNA Tests Humans Middle Aged *Papanicolaou Test Papillomaviridae/*isolation & purification Papillomavirus Infections/complications/*epidemiology Prevalence United States/epidemiology Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/diagnosis/*epidemiology Young Adult
Massad LS, Xie X, Minkoff H, Darragh TM, D'Souza G, Sanchez-Keeland L, Watts DH, Colie C, Strickler HD (2014). Abnormal pap tests and human papillomavirus infections among HIV-infected and uninfected women who have sex with women. J Low Genit Tract Dis, 18(1), 50-6. PMC3905442
Journal Article
TRIMmunity: the roles of the TRIM E3-ubiquitin ligase family in innate antiviral immunity
J Mol Biol
2014
20-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24333484
Tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins have been implicated in multiple cellular functions, including antiviral activity. Research efforts so far indicate that the antiviral activity of TRIMs relies, for the most part, on their function as E3-ubiquitin ligases. A substantial number of the TRIM family members have been demonstrated to mediate innate immune cell signal transduction and subsequent cytokine induction. In addition, a subset of TRIMs has been shown to restrict viral replication by directly targeting viral proteins. Although the body of work on the cellular roles of TRIM E3-ubiquitin ligases has rapidly grown over the last years, many aspects of their molecular workings and multi-functionality remain unclear. The antiviral function of many TRIMs seems to be conferred by specific isoforms, by sub-cellular localization and in cell-type-specific contexts. Here we review recent findings on TRIM antiviral functions, current limitations and an outlook for future research.
10.1016/j.jmb.2013.12.005
24333484
PMC3945521
Animals Antiviral Agents/*therapeutic use Humans Immunity, Innate/*immunology Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/*immunology Virus Diseases/*drug therapy/immunology/virology Virus Replication/*immunology Viruses/*immunology E3-ubiquitin ligase antiviral response innate immunity restriction factors tripartite motif
Rajsbaum R, García-Sastre A, Versteeg GA (2014). TRIMmunity: the roles of the TRIM E3-ubiquitin ligase family in innate antiviral immunity. J Mol Biol, 426(6), 1265-84. PMC3945521
Journal Article
NIHMS549924
The longitudinal and interactive effects of HIV status, stimulant use, and host genotype upon neurocognitive functioning
J Neurovirol
2014
Jun-14
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24737013
Both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection and illicit stimulant use can adversely impact neurocognitive functioning, and these effects can be additive. However, significant variability exists such that as-of-yet unidentified exogenous and endogenous factors affect one's risk for neurocognitive impairment. Literature on both HIV and stimulant use indicates that host genetic variants in immunologic and dopamine-related genes are one such factor. In this study, the individual and interactive effects of HIV status, stimulant use, and genotype upon neurocognitive functioning were examined longitudinally over a 10-year period. Nine hundred fifty-two Caucasian HIV+ and HIV- cases from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study were included. All cases had at least two comprehensive neurocognitive evaluations between 1985 and 1995. Pre-highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) data were examined in order to avoid the confounding effect of variable drug regimens. Linear mixed models were us
10.1007/s13365-014-0241-y [doi]
24737013
PMC4040160
Affect AIDS antiretroviral therapy cohort Cohort Studies cohort study effects evaluation Genotype HAART Hiv Human human immunodeficiency virus immunodeficiency infection longitudinal Los Angeles model multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study neurology outcome research Risk Role study support therapies therapy Time virus
Levine AJ, Reynolds S, Cox C, Miller EN, Sinsheimer JS, Becker JT, Martin E, Sacktor N; Neuropsychology Working Group of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (2014). The longitudinal and interactive effects of HIV status, stimulant use, and host genotype upon neurocognitive functioning. J Neurovirol, 20(3), 243-257. PMC4040160
Journal Article
Crack cocaine use impairs anterior cingulate and prefrontal cortex function in women with HIV infection
J Neurovirol
2014
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24760360
Crack cocaine use is associated with impaired verbal memory in HIV-infected women more than uninfected women. To understand the neural basis for this impairment, this study examined the effects of crack cocaine use on activation of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and strategic encoding during a verbal memory task in HIV-infected women. Three groups of HIV-infected women from the Chicago Consortium of the Women's Interagency HIV Study were compared: current users of crack cocaine (n = 10), former users of cocaine (n = 11), and women who had never used cocaine (n = 9). Participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during a verbal memory task and completed a neuropsychological test of verbal memory. On the neuropsychological test, current crack users performed significantly worse than other groups on semantic clustering, a measure of strategic encoding, p < 0.05. During encoding, activation in left anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) was lower in current and former cocaine users co
10.1007/s13365-014-0250-x
24760360
PMC4090256
Adult Crack Cocaine/*adverse effects Female Gyrus Cinguli/*drug effects HIV Infections/*complications Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Middle Aged Neuropsychological Tests Prefrontal Cortex/*drug effects
Meyer VJ, Little DM, Fitzgerald DA, Sundermann EE, Rubin LH, Martin EM, Weber KM, Cohen MH, Maki PM (2014). Crack cocaine use impairs anterior cingulate and prefrontal cortex function in women with HIV infection. J Neurovirol, 20(4), 352-61. PMC4090256
Journal Article
Prospective CT screening for lung cancer in a high-risk population: HIV-positive smokers
J Thorac Oncol
2014
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24828660
BACKGROUND: Epidemiological evidence suggests that HIV-infected individuals are at increased risk of lung cancer, but no data exist because large computed tomography (CT) screening trials routinely exclude HIV-infected participants. METHODS: From 2006 to 2013, we conducted the world's first lung cancer screening trial of 224 HIV-infected current/former smokers to assess the CT detection rates of lung cancer. We also used 130 HIV-infected patients with known lung cancer to determine radiographic markers of lung cancer risk using multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Median age was 48 years with 34 pack-years smoked. During 678 person-years, one lung cancer was found on incident screening. Besides this lung cancer case, 18 deaths (8%) occurred, but none were cancer related. There were no interim diagnoses of lung or extrapulmonary cancers. None of the pulmonary nodules detected in 48 participants at baseline were diagnosed as cancer by study end. The heterogeneity of emphysema across the entir
10.1097/JTO.0000000000000161
24828660
PMC4023914
Adult Age Factors CD4 Lymphocyte Count *Early Detection of Cancer Female *HIV Seropositivity/epidemiology/immunology Humans Incidence Lung Neoplasms/complications/*diagnostic imaging/*epidemiology Male Middle Aged Prevalence Prospective Studies Pulmonary Emphysema/diagnostic imaging Risk Factors Smoking/*epidemiology Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Hulbert A, Hooker CM, Keruly JC, Brown T, Horton K, Fishman E, Rodgers K, Lee B, Sam C, Tsai S, Weihe E, Pridham G, Drummond B, Merlo C, Geronimo M, Porter M, Cox S, Li D, Harline M, Teran M, Wrangle J, Mudge B, Taylor G, Kirk GD, Herman JG, Moore RD, Brown RH, Brock MV (2014). Prospective CT screening for lung cancer in a high-risk population: HIV-positive smokers. J Thorac Oncol, 9(6), 752-9. PMC4023914
Journal Article
NIHMS565570
Differences in hepatitis C virus prevalence and clearance by mode of acquisition among men who have sex with men
J Viral Hepat
2014
Oct-14
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25280229
We examined the characteristics associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody (anti-HCV) prevalence and HCV clearance between injection drug using (IDU) and non-IDU men who have sex with men (MSM). Stored serum and plasma samples were tested for anti-HCV and HCV RNA to determine the HCV status of 6925 MSM at enrolment into the Multicentre AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Prevalence and clearance ratios were calculated to determine the characteristics associated with HCV prevalence and clearance. Multivariable analyses were performed using Poisson regression methods with robust variance estimation. Anti-HCV prevalence was significantly higher among IDU than among non-IDU MSM (42.9% vs 4.0%), while clearance was significantly lower among IDU MSM (11.5% vs 34.5% among non-IDU MSM). HIV infection, Black race, and older age were independently associated with higher prevalence in both groups, while smoking, transfusion history, and syphilis were significantly associated with prevalence only amon
10.1111/jvh.12198
25280229
PMC4187219
age AIDS Antibodies antibody Baltimore characteristics cohort Cohort Studies cohort study effects epidemiology estimation Genotype health hepatitis Hepatitis C history Hiv HIV infection infection MACS methods MSM Plasma Prevalence Public Health response Rna sera Serum sex Smoking study Syphilis virus
Seaberg EC, Witt MD, Jacobson LP, Detels R, Rinaldo CR, Young S, Phair JP, Thio CL (2014). Differences in hepatitis C virus prevalence and clearance by mode of acquisition among men who have sex with men. J Viral Hepat, 21(10), 696-705. PMC4187219
Journal Article
Transfer of the amino-terminal nuclear envelope targeting domain of human MX2 converts MX1 into an HIV-1 resistance factor
J Virol
2014
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24899177
UNLABELLED: The myxovirus resistance 2 (MX2) protein of humans has been identified recently as an interferon (IFN)-inducible inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) that acts at a late postentry step of infection to prevent the nuclear accumulation of viral cDNA (C. Goujon et al., Nature 502:559-562, 2013, http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature12542; M. Kane et al., Nature 502:563-566, 2013, http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature12653; Z. Liu et al., Cell Host Microbe 14:398-410, 2013, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2013.08.015). In contrast, the closely related human MX1 protein, which suppresses infection by a range of RNA and DNA viruses (such as influenza A virus [FluAV]), is ineffective against HIV-1. Using a panel of engineered chimeric MX1/2 proteins, we demonstrate that the amino-terminal 91-amino-acid domain of MX2 confers full anti-HIV-1 function when transferred to the amino terminus of MX1, and that this fusion protein retains full anti-FluAV activity. Confocal micro
10.1128/JVI.01269-14
24899177
PMC4136259
Amino Acid Sequence Antiviral Agents/*metabolism Cell Line Cell Line, Tumor GTP Phosphohydrolases/metabolism HEK293 Cells HIV-1/*metabolism HeLa Cells Humans Interferons/metabolism Molecular Sequence Data Myxovirus Resistance Proteins/*metabolism Nuclear Envelope/*metabolism R Factors/*metabolism Recombinant Proteins/metabolism Sequence Alignment
Goujon C, Moncorgé O, Bauby H, Doyle T, Barclay WS, Malim MH (2014). Transfer of the amino-terminal nuclear envelope targeting domain of human MX2 converts MX1 into an HIV-1 resistance factor. J Virol, 88(16), 9017-26. PMC4136259
Journal Article
Dendritic cells restore CD8+ T cell reactivity to autologous HIV-1
J Virol
2014
1-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24942586
UNLABELLED: Recall T cell responses to HIV-1 antigens are used as a surrogate for endogenous cellular immune responses generated during infection. Current methods of identifying antigen-specific T cell reactivity in HIV-1 infection use bulk peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) yet ignore professional antigen-presenting cells (APC) that could reveal otherwise hidden responses. In the present study, peptides representing autologous variants of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-restricted epitopes from HIV-1 Gag and Env were used as antigens in gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISpot) and polyfunctional cytokine assays. Here we show that dendritic cells (DC) enhanced T cell reactivity at all stages of disease progression but specifically restored T cell reactivity after combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) to early infection levels. Type 1 cytokine secretion was also enhanced by DC and was most apparent late post-cART. We additionally
10.1128/JVI.01275-14
24942586
PMC4136313
CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology Cohort Studies Cytokines/metabolism Dendritic Cells/*immunology Enzyme-Linked Immunospot Assay HIV-1/*immunology Humans Male env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/immunology gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/immunology
Smith KN, Mailliard RB, Larsen BB, Wong K, Gupta P, Mullins JI, Rinaldo CR (2014). Dendritic cells restore CD8+ T cell reactivity to autologous HIV-1. J Virol, 88(17), 9976-90. PMC4136313
Journal Article
Human herpesvirus 8 induces polyfunctional B lymphocytes that drive Kaposi's sarcoma
mBio
2014
2-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25182322
UNLABELLED: Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is an unusual neoplasia wherein the tumor consists primarily of endothelial cells infected with human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8; Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus) that are not fully transformed but are instead driven to excess proliferation by inflammatory and angiogenic factors. This oncogenic process has been postulated but unproven to depend on a paracrine effect of an abnormal excess of host cytokines and chemokines produced by HHV-8-infected B lymphocytes. Using newly developed measures for intracellular detection of lytic cycle proteins and expression of cytokines and chemokines, we show that HHV-8 targets a range of naive B cell, IgM memory B cell, and plasma cell-like populations for infection and induction of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, macrophage inhibitory protein 1alpha, macrophage inhibitory protein 1beta, and interleukin-8 in vitro and in the blood of HHV-8/HIV-1-coinfected subjects with KS. These B cell lineage subsets
10.1128/mBio.01277-14
25182322
PMC4173773
B-Lymphocytes/cytology/*virology Cell Line Cell Proliferation/physiology Chemokines/metabolism Cytokines/metabolism DNA, Viral/genetics Herpesvirus 8, Human/*physiology Humans Immunoglobulin M/metabolism Interleukin-6/metabolism Interleukin-8/metabolism Microarray Analysis Sarcoma, Kaposi/*virology Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism Virus Replication
Knowlton ER, Rappocciolo G, Piazza P, Lepone LM, Nadgir SV, Bullotta A, Berendam SJ, Li J, Reinhart TA, Jenkins FJ, Rinaldo CR (2014). Human herpesvirus 8 induces polyfunctional B lymphocytes that drive Kaposi's sarcoma. mBio, 5(5), e01277-14. PMC4173773
Journal Article
Alterations in cholesterol metabolism restrict HIV-1 trans infection in nonprogressors
mBio
2014
29-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24781743
ABSTRACT HIV-1-infected nonprogressors (NP) inhibit disease progression for years without antiretroviral therapy. Defining the mechanisms for this resistance to disease progression could be important in determining strategies for controlling HIV-1 infection. Here we show that two types of professional antigen-presenting cells (APC), i.e., dendritic cells (DC) and B lymphocytes, from NP lacked the ability to mediate HIV-1 trans infection of CD4(+) T cells. In contrast, APC from HIV-1-infected progressors (PR) and HIV-1-seronegative donors (SN) were highly effective in mediating HIV-1 trans infection. Direct cis infection of T cells with HIV-1 was comparably efficient among NP, PR, and SN. Lack of HIV-1 trans infection in NP was linked to lower cholesterol levels and an increase in the levels of the reverse cholesterol transporter ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter A1) in APC but not in T cells. Moreover, trans infection mediated by APC from NP could be restored by reconstitution of
10.1128/mBio.01031-13
24781743
PMC4010827
B-Lymphocytes/immunology/metabolism/virology CD4 Lymphocyte Count CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism/virology Case-Control Studies Cholesterol/*metabolism Dendritic Cells/immunology/metabolism/virology Disease Progression Genotype HIV Infections/genetics/immunology/*metabolism/*virology HIV-1/*physiology Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/genetics/immunology Humans Mutation Receptors, CCR5/genetics Viral Load
Rappocciolo G, Jais M, Piazza P, Reinhart TA, Berendam SJ, Garcia-Exposito L, Gupta P, Rinaldo CR (2014). Alterations in cholesterol metabolism restrict HIV-1 trans infection in nonprogressors. mBio, 5(3), e01031-13. PMC4010827
Journal Article
Health-Related Quality of Life in HIV-Infected and At-Risk Women: The Impact of Illicit Drug Use and Hepatitis C on a Community Preference Weighted Measure
Med Decis Making
2014
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24106234
PURPOSE: To assess the impact of illicit drug use and chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in women with HIV or at risk for HIV infection. METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis of data from the Women's Interagency Health Study (WIHS) of women with HIV (n = 2508) and at high risk of HIV infection (n = 889) in the US. A Short-Form-6D (SF-6D) HRQoL measure derived from the Medical Outcomes Study-HIV (MOS-HIV) questionnaire, HIV infection status, CD4 cell count (a measure of immune status), antiretroviral treatment, current illicit drug use (heroin and/or cocaine), and HCV status were assessed at a recent study visit. We developed multivariate linear regression models adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, education, and testing for interactions. RESULTS: HIV-infected women with </=200 CD4 cells/microL had lower mean HRQoL scores (0.69) than either HIV-infected women with >200 CD4 cells/microL (0.78) or HIV-uninfected women (0.80) (P < 0.01). In multivariate an
10.1177/0272989X13507340
24106234
PMC3980200
Adult Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cross-Sectional Studies Female HIV Infections/drug therapy/*epidemiology/psychology Hepatitis C/*epidemiology/psychology Humans Middle Aged Prospective Studies *Quality of Life Severity of Illness Index Socioeconomic Factors Substance-Related Disorders/*epidemiology/psychology *hiv *health utility *health-related quality of life *hepatitis C virus *illicit drug use *opiate dependence
Aden B, Nosyk B, Wittenberg E, Schackman BR. (2014). Health-Related Quality of Life in HIV-Infected and At-Risk Women: The Impact of Illicit Drug Use and Hepatitis C on a Community Preference Weighted Measure. Med Decis Making, 34(6), 800-8. PMC3980200
Journal Article
Late-emerging strains of HIV induce T-cell homeostasis failure by promoting bystander cell death and immune exhaustion in naive CD4 and all CD8 T-cells
Med Hypotheses
2014
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24774718
The mechanisms involved in the decline of CD4 and CD8 T-cells that lead to HIV-induced immune dysregulation are not clearly understood. We hypothesize that late-emerging strains of HIV, such as CXCR4-tropic (X4) virions, induce T-cell homeostasis failure by promoting significantly more bystander cell death, and immune exhaustion in naive CD4 and all CD8 T-cells, when compared to strain of HIV, such as CCR5-tropic (R5) virions, found early during the course of infection. In the reported study, inactivated X4 virions induced greater bystander cell death in sort-purified naive CD4 T-cells compared to R5 virions, which was significant (p=0.013), and in memory CD8 T-cells, though the latter was not significant. A clearer understanding of the mechanisms involved in HIV-induced depletion of T-cell numbers and function could lead to therapies that prevent T-cell death and restore immune function. These therapies could improve current anti-retroviral and cure-related treatments by boosting the
10.1016/j.mehy.2014.04.005
24774718
PMC4074401
Bystander Effect Cell Death HIV/*physiology Homeostasis/*physiology Humans T-Lymphocytes/immunology/*pathology
Kibirige CN, Menendez FA, Zhang H, Nilles TL, Langan S, Margolick JB (2014). Late-emerging strains of HIV induce T-cell homeostasis failure by promoting bystander cell death and immune exhaustion in naive CD4 and all CD8 T-cells. Med Hypotheses, 83(1), 69-73. PMC4074401
Journal Article
Investigation of menopausal stage and symptoms on cognition in human immunodeficiency virus-infected women
Menopause
2014
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24496085
OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the separate and interactive associations of menopausal stage, menopausal symptoms, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection with cognition. We hypothesized that HIV-infected perimenopausal women would show the greatest cognitive difficulties and that menopausal symptoms would be inversely associated with cognition. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 708 HIV-infected and 278 HIV-uninfected premenopausal, perimenopausal, or postmenopausal women (64% African American; median age, 44 y) from the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Participants completed tests of verbal learning and memory, attention/processing speed, and executive function. We administered a menopausal symptom questionnaire that assessed anxiety, vasomotor, and sleep symptoms and obtained measures of depressive symptoms. RESULTS: In multivariable regression analyses controlling for relevant covariates, HIV infection, but not menopausal stage, was associated with worse performance on al
10.1097/GME.0000000000000203
24496085
PMC4119867
Adult Aged *Cognition Depressive Disorder/complications/*psychology Ethnic Groups Female *HIV Infections Humans *Menopause Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis Neuropsychological Tests Surveys and Questionnaires United States
Rubin LH, Sundermann EE, Cook JA, Martin EM, Golub ET, Weber KM, Cohen MH, Crystal H, Cederbaum JA, Anastos K, Young M, Greenblatt RM, Maki PM. (2014). Investigation of menopausal stage and symptoms on cognition in human immunodeficiency virus-infected women. Menopause, 21(9), 997-1006. PMC4119867
Journal Article
Prevalence and correlates of cryptococcal antigen positivity among AIDS patients--United States, 1986-2012
MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep
2014
7/11/2014
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25006824
Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is one of the leading opportunistic infections associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The worldwide burden of CM among persons living with HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was estimated in 2009 to be 957,900 cases, with approximately 624,700 deaths annually. The high burden of CM globally comes despite the fact that cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) is detectable weeks before the onset of symptoms, allowing screening for cryptococcal infection and early treatment to prevent CM and CM-related mortality (2). However, few studies have been conducted in the United States to assess the prevalence of cryptococcal infection. To quantify the prevalence of undiagnosed cryptococcal infection in HIV-infected persons in the United States during 1986-2012, stored sera from 1,872 participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and the Women's Interagency HIV Study with CD4 T-cell counts <100 cells/microL were screened for CrAg, using the C
25006824
PMC4584711
Adult Aged AIDS AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections analysis Antigens Antigens,Fungal assay CD4 CD4 Lymphocyte Count cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Cryptococcus death diagnosis epidemiology Ethnic Groups Female Hiv Human human immunodeficiency virus Humans immunodeficiency immunology infection infections isolation & purification Male Meningitis Meningitis,Cryptococcal Middle Aged mortality multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Multicenter Studies opportunistic Opportunistic Infections population Prevalence Risk Factors screening sera Serum statistics & numerical data study symptoms t cell treatment United States virus women Young Adult
McKenney J, Smith RM, Chiller TM, Detels R, French A, Margolick J, Klausner JD; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2014). Prevalence and correlates of cryptococcal antigen positivity among AIDS patients--United States, 1986-2012. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep, 63(27), 585-587. PMC4584711
Journal Article
CCR2 on CD14(+)CD16(+) monocytes is a biomarker of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders
Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm
2014
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25340088
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) on monocyte subsets as a prognostic peripheral blood biomarker of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). METHODS: We characterized monocyte populations in HIV-infected individuals with and without HAND from 2 cohorts and assessed their transmigration across an in vitro model of the human blood-brain barrier (BBB). We examined CCR2 expression among the monocyte populations as a prognostic/predictive biomarker of HAND and its functional consequences in facilitating monocyte diapedesis. RESULTS: We determined that CCR2 was significantly increased on CD14(+)CD16(+) monocytes in individuals with HAND compared to infected people with normal cognition. CCR2 remained elevated irrespective of the severity of cognitive impairment, combined antiretroviral therapy status, viral load, and current or nadir CD4 T-cell count. There was no association between CCR2 on other monocyte populations and HAND. There was a functional conseque
10.1212/NXI.0000000000000036
25340088
PMC4204222
Williams DW, Byrd D, Rubin LH, Anastos K, Morgello S, Berman JW (2014). CCR2 on CD14(+)CD16(+) monocytes is a biomarker of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm, 1(3), e36. PMC4204222
Journal Article
Incidence and risk factors of HPV-related and HPV-unrelated Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma in HIV-infected individuals
Oral Oncol
2014
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25301563
OBJECTIVES: To examine the risk and trends of HPV-related and HPV-unrelated Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) in HIV-infected individuals and assess whether immunosuppression (measured through CD4 cell count) and other risk factors impact HNSCC risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Incident HNSCCs at HPV-related and HPV-unrelated anatomic sites were detected in HIV-infected participants from pooled data from 17 prospective studies in the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD) between 1996 and 2009. HNSCC cases were validated using chart review or cancer registry matching. Risk factors for incident HPV-related and HPV-unrelated HNSCC were explored using mixed effects Poisson regression in a full prospective analysis, and the effect of CD4 prior to cancer diagnosis was examined in a nested case control analysis. RESULTS: 66 HPV-related and 182 HPV-unrelated incident HNSCCs were detected among 82,375 HIV-infected participants. Standardized incidence
10.1016/j.oraloncology.2014.09.011
25301563
PMC4253676
Adult CD4 Lymphocyte Count Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/*epidemiology Case-Control Studies Female HIV Infections/*epidemiology Head and Neck Neoplasms/*epidemiology Humans Incidence Male Middle Aged North America/epidemiology Papillomavirus Infections/*epidemiology Poisson Distribution Prospective Studies Risk Factors CD4 T cell count Hiv Hpv Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Na-accord Oropharyngeal cancer
Beachler DC, Abraham AG, Silverberg MJ, Jing Y, Fakhry C, Gill MJ, Dubrow R, Kitahata MM, Klein MB, Burchell AN, Korthuis PT, Moore RD, D'Souza G; North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD) of IeDEA (2014). Incidence and risk factors of HPV-related and HPV-unrelated Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma in HIV-infected individuals. Oral Oncol, 50(12), 1169-76. PMC4253676
Journal Article
NIHMS632780
LILRB2 interaction with HLA class I correlates with control of HIV-1 infection
PLoS Genet
2014
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24603468
Natural progression of HIV-1 infection depends on genetic variation in the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I locus, and the CD8+ T cell response is thought to be a primary mechanism of this effect. However, polymorphism within the MHC may also alter innate immune activity against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) by changing interactions of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules with leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors (LILR), a group of immunoregulatory receptors mainly expressed on myelomonocytic cells including dendritic cells (DCs). We used previously characterized HLA allotype-specific binding capacities of LILRB1 and LILRB2 as well as data from a large cohort of HIV-1-infected individuals (N = 5126) to test whether LILR-HLA class I interactions influence viral load in HIV-1 infection. Our analyses in persons of European descent, the largest ethnic group examined, show that the effect of HLA-B alleles on HIV-1 control correlates with the b
10.1371/journal.pgen.1004196
24603468
PMC3945438
Alleles CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology Dendritic Cells/immunology Female HIV Infections/genetics/*immunology/virology HIV-1/genetics/immunology Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/genetics/*immunology Humans Immunity, Innate/*genetics Membrane Glycoproteins/*genetics/immunology Receptors, Immunologic/*genetics/immunology Viral Load/genetics/immunology
Bashirova AA, Martin-Gayo E, Jones DC, Qi Y, Apps R, Gao X, Burke PS, Taylor CJ, Rogich J, Wolinsky S, Bream JH, Duggal P, Hussain S, Martinson J, Weintrob A, Kirk GD, Fellay J, Buchbinder SP, Goedert JJ, Deeks SG, Pereyra F, Trowsdale J, Lichterfeld M, Telenti A, Walker BD, Allen RL, Carrington M, Yu XG (2014). LILRB2 interaction with HLA class I correlates with control of HIV-1 infection. PLoS Genet, 10(3), e1004196. PMC3945438
Journal Article
Factors affecting glomerular filtration rate, as measured by Iohexol disappearance, in men with or at risk for HIV infection
PLoS ONE
2014
2014
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24516530
OBJECTIVE: Formulae used to estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) underestimate higher GFRs and have not been well-studied in HIV-infected (HIV(+)) people; we evaluated the relationships of HIV infection and known or potential risk factors for kidney disease with directly measured GFR and the presence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). DESIGN: Cross-sectional measurement of iohexol-based GFR (iGFR) in HIV(+) men (n = 455) receiving antiretroviral therapy, and HIV-uninfected (HIV(-)) men (n = 258) in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. METHODS: iGFR was calculated from disappearance of infused iohexol from plasma. Determinants of GFR and the presence of CKD were compared using iGFR and GFR estimated by the CKD-Epi equation (eGFR). RESULTS: Median iGFR was higher among HIV(+) than HIV(-) men (109 vs. 106 ml/min/1.73 m(2), respectively, p = .046), and was 7 ml/min higher than median eGFR. Mean iGFR was lower in men who were older, had chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, or had a h
10.1371/journal.pone.0086311
24516530
PMC3917840
age AIDS antiretroviral therapy Baltimore Chicago cohort Cohort Studies cohort study cross-sectional Disease epidemiology Glomerular Filtration Rate health hepatitis Hepatitis C history Hiv HIV infection Illinois immunology infection infectious diseases Iohexol Kidney Los Angeles Maryland measurement methods microbiology multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study New York Pennsylvania Pittsburgh Plasma population predictor predictors Public Health research Risk Risk Factors sex study therapies therapy United States virus
Margolick JB, Jacobson LP, Schwartz GJ, Abraham AG, Darilay AT, Kingsley LA, Witt MD, Palella FJ Jr (2014). Factors affecting glomerular filtration rate, as measured by Iohexol disappearance, in men with or at risk for HIV infection. PLoS ONE, 9(2), e86311. PMC3917840
Journal Article
Comparison of lower genital tract microbiota in HIV-infected and uninfected women from Rwanda and the US
PLoS One
2014
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24817204
INTRODUCTION: Previous studies have shown that alterations of the bacterial microbiota in the lower female genital tract influence susceptibility to HIV infection and shedding. We assessed geographic differences in types of genital microbiota between HIV-infected and uninfected women from Rwanda and the United States. METHODS: Genera of lower genital tract bacterial microbiota were identified by high-throughput pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene from 46 US women (36 HIV-infected, 10 HIV-uninfected) and 40 Rwandan women (18 HIV-infected, 22 HIV-uninfected) with similar proportions of low (0-3) Nugent scores. Species of Lactobacillus were identified by assembling sequences along with reference sequences into phylogenetic trees. Prevalence of genera and Lactobacillus species were compared using Fisher's exact tests. RESULTS: Overall the seven most prevalent genera were Lactobacillus (74%), Prevotella (56%), Gardnerella (55%), Atopobium (42%), Sneathia (37%), Megasphaera (30%), and Parvim
10.1371/journal.pone.0096844
24817204
PMC4016010
Adult Case-Control Studies Female Genitalia, Female/*microbiology HIV Infections/*microbiology *HIV Seronegativity Humans *Microbiota Middle Aged Rwanda United States Vaginosis, Bacterial/microbiology
Benning L, Golub ET, Anastos K, French AL, Cohen M, Gilbert D, Gillevet P, Munyazesa E, Landay AL, Sikaroodi M, Spear GT (2014). Comparison of lower genital tract microbiota in HIV-infected and uninfected women from Rwanda and the US. PLoS One, 9(5), e96844. PMC4016010
Journal Article
Prostaglandin E2 promotes features of replicative senescence in chronically activated human CD8+ T cells
PLoS One
2014
6/11/2014
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24918932
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a pleiotropic immunomodulatory molecule, and its free radical catalyzed isoform, iso-PGE2, are frequently elevated in the context of cancer and chronic infection. Previous studies have documented the effects of PGE2 on the various CD4+ T cell functions, but little is known about its impact on cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes, the immune cells responsible for eliminating virally infected and tumor cells. Here we provide the first demonstration of the dramatic effects of PGE2 on the progression of human CD8+ T cells toward replicative senescence, a terminal dysfunctional state associated multiple pathologies during aging and chronic HIV-1 infection. Our data show that exposure of chronically activated CD8+ T cells to physiological levels of PGE2 and iso-PGE2 promotes accelerated acquisition of markers of senescence, including loss of CD28 expression, increased expression of p16 cell cycle inhibitor, reduced telomerase activity, telomere shortening and diminished prod
10.1371/journal.pone.0099432
24918932
PMC4053423
Base Sequence CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*cytology/metabolism Cell Cycle/genetics *Cellular Senescence Cyclic AMP/metabolism DNA Primers Dinoprostone/*physiology Flow Cytometry Genes, p16 Humans Lymphocyte Activation Polymerase Chain Reaction Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism Transcription, Genetic
Chou JP, Ramirez CM, Ryba DM, Koduri MP, Effros RB (2014). Prostaglandin E2 promotes features of replicative senescence in chronically activated human CD8+ T cells. PLoS One, 9(6), e99432. PMC4053423
Journal Article
A comparison of two measures of HIV diversity in multi-assay algorithms for HIV incidence estimation
PLoS One
2014
2014
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24968135
BACKGROUND: Multi-assay algorithms (MAAs) can be used to estimate HIV incidence in cross-sectional surveys. We compared the performance of two MAAs that use HIV diversity as one of four biomarkers for analysis of HIV incidence. METHODS: Both MAAs included two serologic assays (LAg-Avidity assay and BioRad-Avidity assay), HIV viral load, and an HIV diversity assay. HIV diversity was quantified using either a high resolution melting (HRM) diversity assay that does not require HIV sequencing (HRM score for a 239 base pair env region) or sequence ambiguity (the percentage of ambiguous bases in a 1,302 base pair pol region). Samples were classified as MAA positive (likely from individuals with recent HIV infection) if they met the criteria for all of the assays in the MAA. The following performance characteristics were assessed: (1) the proportion of samples classified as MAA positive as a function of duration of infection, (2) the mean window period, (3) the shadow (the time period before
10.1371/journal.pone.0101043
24968135
PMC4072769
Cross-Sectional Studies *Genetic Variation Genotype Genotyping Techniques HIV Infections/*epidemiology/*virology HIV-1/*genetics Humans Immunoenzyme Techniques Incidence Reproducibility of Results Viral Load
Cousins MM, Konikoff J, Sabin D, Khaki L, Longosz AF, Laeyendecker O, Celum C, Buchbinder SP, Seage GR 3rd, Kirk GD, Moore RD, Mehta SH, Margolick JB, Brown J, Mayer KH, Kobin BA, Wheeler D, Justman JE, Hodder SL, Quinn TC, Brookmeyer R, Eshleman SH (2014). A comparison of two measures of HIV diversity in multi-assay algorithms for HIV incidence estimation. PLoS One, 9(6), e101043. PMC4072769
Journal Article
Loss to clinic and five-year mortality among HIV-infected antiretroviral therapy initiators
PLoS One
2014
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25010739
Missing outcome data due to loss to follow-up occurs frequently in clinical cohort studies of HIV-infected patients. Censoring patients when they become lost can produce inaccurate results if the risk of the outcome among the censored patients differs from the risk of the outcome among patients remaining under observation. We examine whether patients who are considered lost to follow up are at increased risk of mortality compared to those who remain under observation. Patients from the US Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems (CNICS) who newly initiated combination antiretroviral therapy between January 1, 1998 and December 31, 2009 and survived for at least one year were included in the study. Mortality information was available for all participants regardless of continued observation in the CNICS. We compare mortality between patients retained in the cohort and those lost-to-clinic, as commonly defined by a 12-month gap in care. Patients who were considered
10.1371/journal.pone.0102305
25010739
PMC4092142
Adult *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Cohort Studies Female HIV/pathogenicity HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*mortality/virology Humans Male Middle Aged United States Viral Load
Edwards JK, Cole SR, Westreich D, Moore R, Mathews C, Geng E, Eron JJ, Mugavero MJ; CNICS Research Network (2014). Loss to clinic and five-year mortality among HIV-infected antiretroviral therapy initiators. PLoS One, 9(7), e102305. PMC4092142
Journal Article
Self-reported body fat change in HIV-infected men is a marker of decline in physical health-related quality of life with aging, independent of co-morbidity
PLoS One
2014
2014
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25436612
OBJECTIVE: Self-perception of changes in body fat among HIV+ persons is associated with decreased health related quality of life in cross-sectional studies. The longitudinal impact of body fat changes on health related quality of life, while accounting for comorbidity and anatomic location or severity of body fat changes, is unknown. DESIGN: This was a longitudinal analysis of HIV+ and HIV- Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) participants who completed questionnaires assessing self-perceived body fat changes (baseline visit) and a health related quality of life (Short Form-36) at baseline and then >/=5 years later. METHODS: Relationships between body fat changes and change in Short Form-36 Physical and Mental Component Summary scores were investigated using mixed-model regression. RESULTS: We studied 270 HIV+ and 247 HIV- men. At baseline, >/=50% of HIV+ men reported body fat changes; physical component but not mental component summary scores were lower among HIV+ men who reported mod
10.1371/journal.pone.0114166
25436612
PMC4250188
Adipose Tissue/*pathology Adult Aging Comorbidity HIV Infections/*epidemiology/*pathology Humans Longitudinal Studies Male Middle Aged *Quality of Life Self Report
Erlandson KM, Reynolds SM, Cox C, Palella FJ, Witt MD, Kingsley LA, Brown TT, Plankey M (2014). Self-reported body fat change in HIV-infected men is a marker of decline in physical health-related quality of life with aging, independent of co-morbidity. PLoS One, 9(12), e114166. PMC4250188
Journal Article
The use of Nanotrap particles technology in capturing HIV-1 virions and viral proteins from infected cells
PLoS One
2014
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24820173
HIV-1 infection results in a chronic but incurable illness since long-term HAART can keep the virus to an undetectable level. However, discontinuation of therapy rapidly increases viral burden. Moreover, patients under HAART frequently develop various metabolic disorders and HIV-associated neuronal disease. Today, the main challenge of HIV-1 research is the elimination of the residual virus in infected individuals. The current HIV-1 diagnostics are largely comprised of serological and nucleic acid based technologies. Our goal is to integrate the nanotrap technology into a standard research tool that will allow sensitive detection of HIV-1 infection. This study demonstrates that majority of HIV-1 virions in culture supernatants and Tat/Nef proteins spiked in culture medium can be captured by nanotrap particles. To determine the binding affinities of different baits, we incubated target molecules with nanotrap particles at room temperature. After short sequestration, materials were eithe
10.1371/journal.pone.0096778
24820173
PMC4018389
Cell Line Gene Products, tat/analysis HIV Infections/*diagnosis HIV-1/*chemistry/*pathogenicity Humans Nanoparticles/*chemistry Viral Proteins/*analysis Virion/*chemistry nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/analysis
Jaworski E, Saifuddin M, Sampey G, Shafagati N, Van Duyne R, Iordanskiy S, Kehn-Hall K, Liotta L, Petricoin E 3rd, Young M, Lepene B, Kashanchi F (2014). The use of Nanotrap particles technology in capturing HIV-1 virions and viral proteins from infected cells. PLoS One, 9(5), e96778. PMC4018389
Journal Article
Baseline natural killer and T cell populations correlation with virologic outcome after regimen simplification to atazanavir/ritonavir alone (ACTG 5201)
PLoS One
2014
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24802242
OBJECTIVES: Simplified maintenance therapy with ritonavir-boosted atazanavir (ATV/r) provides an alternative treatment option for HIV-1 infection that spares nucleoside analogs (NRTI) for future use and decreased toxicity. We hypothesized that the level of immune activation (IA) and recovery of lymphocyte populations could influence virologic outcomes after regimen simplification. METHODS: Thirty-four participants with virologic suppression >/= 48 weeks on antiretroviral therapy (2 NRTI plus protease inhibitor) were switched to ATV/r alone in the context of the ACTG 5201 clinical trial. Flow cytometric analyses were performed on PBMC isolated from 25 patients with available samples, of which 24 had lymphocyte recovery sufficient for this study. Assessments included enumeration of T-cells (CD4/CD8), natural killer (NK) (CD3+CD56+CD16+) cells and cell-associated markers (HLA-DR, CD's 38/69/94/95/158/279). RESULTS: Eight of the 24 patients had at least one plasma HIV-1 RNA level (VL) >50
10.1371/journal.pone.0095524
24802242
PMC4011688
Atazanavir Sulfate CD4-CD8 Ratio HIV Infections/*drug therapy/immunology HIV Protease Inhibitors/pharmacology/*therapeutic use HIV-1/*drug effects/immunology Humans Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects/*immunology Oligopeptides/pharmacology/*therapeutic use Pyridines/pharmacology/*therapeutic use RNA, Viral/blood Ritonavir/pharmacology/*therapeutic use
McKinnon JE, Mailliard RB, Swindells S, Wilkin TJ, Borowski L, Roper JM, Bastow B, Kearney M, Wiegand A, Mellors JW, Rinaldo CR; A5201 study team (2014). Baseline natural killer and T cell populations correlation with virologic outcome after regimen simplification to atazanavir/ritonavir alone (ACTG 5201). PLoS One, 9(5), e95524. PMC4011688
Journal Article
Free glycogen in vaginal fluids is associated with Lactobacillus colonization and low vaginal pH
PLoS One
2014
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25033265
OBJECTIVE: Lactobacillus dominates the lower genital tract microbiota of many women, producing a low vaginal pH, and is important for healthy pregnancy outcomes and protection against several sexually transmitted pathogens. Yet, factors that promote Lactobacillus remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that the amount of free glycogen in the lumen of the lower genital tract is an important determinant of Lactobacillus colonization and a low vaginal pH. METHODS: Free glycogen in lavage samples was quantified. Pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was used to identify microbiota from 21 African American women collected over 8-11 years. RESULTS: Free glycogen levels varied greatly between women and even in the same woman. Samples with the highest free glycogen had a corresponding median genital pH that was significantly lower (pH 4.4) than those with low glycogen (pH 5.8; p<0.001). The fraction of the microbiota consisting of Lactobacillus was highest in samples with high glycogen versus
10.1371/journal.pone.0102467
25033265
PMC4102502
Adolescent Adult Base Sequence Female Glycogen/*metabolism Humans Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Lactobacillus/*isolation & purification Microbiota/*genetics RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics Sequence Analysis, DNA Sexual Behavior Vagina/*metabolism/*microbiology/physiology Vaginosis, Bacterial Young Adult
Mirmonsef P, Hotton AL, Gilbert D, Burgad D, Landay A, Weber KM, Cohen M, Ravel J, Spear GT (2014). Free glycogen in vaginal fluids is associated with Lactobacillus colonization and low vaginal pH. PLoS One, 9(7), e102467. PMC4102502
Journal Article
Circulating mediators of inflammation and immune activation in AIDS-related non-hodgkin lymphoma
PLoS One
2014
2014
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24922518
BACKGROUND: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is the most common AIDS-related malignancy in developed countries. An elevated risk of developing NHL persists among HIV-infected individuals in comparison to the general population despite the advent of effective antiretroviral therapy. The mechanisms underlying the development of AIDS-related NHL (A-NHL) are not fully understood, but likely involve persistent B-cell activation and inflammation. METHODS: This was a nested case-control study within the ongoing prospective Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Cases included 47 HIV-positive male subjects diagnosed with high-grade B-cell NHL. Controls were matched to each case from among participating HIV-positive males who did not develop any malignancy. Matching criteria included time HIV+ or since AIDS diagnosis, age, race and CD4+ cell count. Sera were tested for 161 serum biomarkers using multiplexed bead-based immunoassays. RESULTS: A subset of 17 biomarkers, including cytokines, chemokines, a
10.1371/journal.pone.0099144
24922518
PMC4055650
Adult Biomarkers, Tumor/*blood Humans Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/*blood Male Middle Aged
Nolen BM, Breen EC, Bream JH, Jenkins FJ, Kingsley LA, Rinaldo CR, Lokshin AE (2014). Circulating mediators of inflammation and immune activation in AIDS-related non-hodgkin lymphoma. PLoS One, 9(6), e99144. PMC4055650
Journal Article
Sleep disordered breathing, fatigue, and sleepiness in HIV-infected and -uninfected men
PLoS One
2014
2014
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24991815
STUDY OBJECTIVES: We investigated the association of HIV infection and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) with sleep disordered breathing (SDB), fatigue, and sleepiness. METHODS: HIV-uninfected men (HIV-; n = 60), HIV-infected men using HAART (HIV+/HAART+; n = 58), and HIV-infected men not using HAART (HIV+/HAART-; n = 41) recruited from two sites of the Multicenter AIDS cohort study (MACS) underwent a nocturnal sleep study, anthropometric assessment, and questionnaires for fatigue and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. The prevalence of SDB in HIV- men was compared to that in men matched from the Sleep Heart Health Study (SHHS). RESULTS: The prevalence of SDB was unexpectedly high in all groups: 86.7% for HIV-, 70.7% for HIV+/HAART+, and 73.2% for HIV+/HAART-, despite lower body-mass indices (BMI) in HIV+ groups. The higher prevalence in the HIV- men was significant in univariate analyses but not after adjustment for BMI and other variables. SDB was significantly more common in H
10.1371/journal.pone.0099258
24991815
PMC4084642
Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Body Mass Index Cohort Studies Fatigue/*epidemiology/etiology/*physiopathology HIV Infections/complications/drug therapy/*epidemiology/*physiopathology Humans Male Middle Aged Prevalence Sleep Apnea Syndromes/*epidemiology/etiology/*physiopathology
Patil SP, Brown TT, Jacobson LP, Margolick JB, Laffan A, Johnson-Hill L, Godfrey R, Johnson J, Reynolds S, Schwartz AR, Smith PL (2014). Sleep disordered breathing, fatigue, and sleepiness in HIV-infected and -uninfected men. PLoS One, 9(7), e99258. PMC4084642
Journal Article
Strong agreement of nationally recommended retention measures from the Institute of Medicine and Department of Health and Human Services
PLoS One
2014
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25375099
OBJECTIVE: We sought to quantify agreement between Institute of Medicine (IOM) and Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) retention indicators, which have not been compared in the same population, and assess clinical retention within the largest HIV cohort collaboration in the U.S. DESIGN: Observational study from 2008-2010, using clinical cohort data in the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD). METHODS: Retention definitions used HIV primary care visits. The IOM retention indicator was: >/=2 visits, >/=90 days apart, each calendar year. This was extended to a 2-year period; retention required meeting the definition in both years. The DHHS retention indicator was: >/=1 visit each semester over 2 years, each >/=60 days apart. Kappa statistics detected agreement between indicators and C statistics (areas under Receiver-Operating Characteristic curves) from logistic regression analyses summarized discrimination of the IOM indicator by the DHH
10.1371/journal.pone.0111772
25375099
PMC4222946
Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Cohort Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Female HIV Infections/drug therapy/*epidemiology Humans Male Middle Aged *National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine, U.S., Health and Medicine Division United States *United States Dept. of Health and Human Services/organization & administration Young Adult
Rebeiro PF, Horberg MA, Gange SJ, Gebo KA, Yehia BR, Brooks JT, Buchacz K, Silverberg MJ, Gill J, Moore RD, Althoff KN; North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD) (2014). Strong agreement of nationally recommended retention measures from the Institute of Medicine and Department of Health and Human Services. PLoS One, 9(11), e111772. PMC4222946
Journal Article
Food insecurity with hunger is associated with obesity among HIV-infected and at risk women in Bronx, NY
PLoS One
2014
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25162598
BACKGROUND: Food insecurity, insufficient quality and quantity of nutritionally adequate food, affects millions of people in the United States (US) yearly, with over 18 million Americans reporting hunger. Food insecurity is associated with obesity in the general population. Due to the increasing prevalence of obesity and risk factors for cardiovascular disease among HIV-infected women, we sought to determine the relationship between food insecurity and obesity in this cohort of urban, HIV-infected and -uninfected but at risk women. METHODS: Using a cross-sectional design, we collected data on food insecurity, body mass index and demographic and clinical data from 231 HIV-infected and 119 HIV-negative women enrolled in Bronx site of the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). We used multivariate logistic regression to identify factors associated with obesity. RESULTS: Food insecurity was highly prevalent, with almost one third of women (110/350, 31%) reporting food insecurity over the pr
10.1371/journal.pone.0105957
25162598
PMC4146558
Adult African Continental Ancestry Group Body Mass Index Cross-Sectional Studies European Continental Ancestry Group Female Food Supply/*statistics & numerical data HIV Infections/complications/economics/*epidemiology/ethnology Humans *Hunger Income/statistics & numerical data Logistic Models Middle Aged New York/epidemiology Obesity/complications/economics/*epidemiology/ethnology Odds Ratio Poverty/statistics & numerical data Prevalence Risk Factors Urban Population
Sirotin N, Hoover DR, Shi Q, Anastos K, Weiser SD (2014). Food insecurity with hunger is associated with obesity among HIV-infected and at risk women in Bronx, NY. PLoS One, 9(8), e105957. PMC4146558
Journal Article
Hepatitis C virus testing in adults living with HIV: a need for improved screening efforts
PLoS One
2014
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25032989
OBJECTIVES: Guidelines recommend hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening for all people living with HIV (PLWH). Understanding HCV testing practices may improve compliance with guidelines and can help identify areas for future intervention. METHODS: We evaluated HCV screening and unnecessary repeat HCV testing in 8,590 PLWH initiating care at 12 U.S. HIV clinics between 2006 and 2010, with follow-up through 2011. Multivariable logistic regression examined the association between patient factors and the outcomes: HCV screening (>/=1 HCV antibody tests during the study period) and unnecessary repeat HCV testing (>/=1 HCV antibody tests in patients with a prior positive test result). RESULTS: Overall, 82% of patients were screened for HCV, 18% of those screened were HCV antibody-positive, and 40% of HCV antibody-positive patients had unnecessary repeat HCV testing. The likelihood of being screened for HCV increased as the number of outpatient visits rose (adjusted odds ratio 1.02, 95% confidence
10.1371/journal.pone.0102766
25032989
PMC4102540
Adolescent Adult Female HIV Infections/immunology/*virology Health Services Needs and Demand Hepacivirus/*immunology Hepatitis C/*immunology/*virology Hepatitis C Antibodies/immunology Humans Logistic Models Male Mass Screening/methods Middle Aged Risk Risk Factors Substance Abuse, Intravenous/immunology/virology Young Adult
Yehia BR, Herati RS, Fleishman JA, Gallant JE, Agwu AL, Berry SA, Korthuis PT, Moore RD, Metlay JP, Gebo KA; HIV Research Network (2014). Hepatitis C virus testing in adults living with HIV: a need for improved screening efforts. PLoS One, 9(7), e102766. PMC4102540
Journal Article
Human APOBEC3 induced mutation of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 contributes to adaptation and evolution in natural infection
PLoS Pathog
2014
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25080100
Human APOBEC3 proteins are cytidine deaminases that contribute broadly to innate immunity through the control of exogenous retrovirus replication and endogenous retroelement retrotransposition. As an intrinsic antiretroviral defense mechanism, APOBEC3 proteins induce extensive guanosine-to-adenosine (G-to-A) mutagenesis and inhibit synthesis of nascent human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) cDNA. Human APOBEC3 proteins have additionally been proposed to induce infrequent, potentially non-lethal G-to-A mutations that make subtle contributions to sequence diversification of the viral genome and adaptation though acquisition of beneficial mutations. Using single-cycle HIV-1 infections in culture and highly parallel DNA sequencing, we defined trinucleotide contexts of the edited sites for APOBEC3D, APOBEC3F, APOBEC3G, and APOBEC3H. We then compared these APOBEC3 editing contexts with the patterns of G-to-A mutations in HIV-1 DNA in cells obtained sequentially from ten patients with pr
10.1371/journal.ppat.1004281
25080100
PMC4117599
APOBEC-3G Deaminase Adaptation, Physiological/*genetics Aminohydrolases/genetics Base Sequence *Biological Evolution Cytidine Deaminase/genetics Cytosine Deaminase/*genetics DNA, Viral/genetics Genetic Variation/*genetics Genome, Viral HIV Infections/genetics/immunology/*virology HIV-1/*genetics High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing Humans Molecular Sequence Data Mutation/*genetics Phylogeny Polymerase Chain Reaction Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid Virus Replication/genetics
Kim EY, Lorenzo-Redondo R, Little SJ, Chung YS, Phalora PK, Maljkovic Berry I, Archer J, Penugonda S, Fischer W, Richman DD, Bhattacharya T, Malim MH, Wolinsky SM (2014). Human APOBEC3 induced mutation of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 contributes to adaptation and evolution in natural infection. PLoS Pathog, 10(7), e1004281. PMC4117599
Journal Article
Preservation of tetherin and CD4 counter-activities in circulating Vpu alleles despite extensive sequence variation within HIV-1 infected individuals
PLoS Pathog
2014
Jan-14
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24465210
The HIV-1 Vpu protein is expressed from a bi-cistronic message late in the viral life cycle. It functions during viral assembly to maximise infectious virus release by targeting CD4 for proteosomal degradation and counteracting the antiviral protein tetherin (BST2/CD317). Single genome analysis of vpu repertoires throughout infection in 14 individuals infected with HIV-1 clade B revealed extensive amino acid diversity of the Vpu protein. For the most part, this variation in Vpu increases over the course of infection and is associated with predicted epitopes of the individual's MHC class I haplotype, suggesting CD8+ T cell pressure is the major driver of Vpu sequence diversity within the host. Despite this variability, the Vpu functions of targeting CD4 and counteracting both physical virus restriction and NF-kappaB activation by tetherin are rigorously maintained throughout HIV-1 infection. Only a minority of circulating alleles bear lesions in either of these activities at any given t
10.1371/journal.ppat.1003895
24465210
PMC3900648
activation Alleles analysis CD4 CD8+ Chicago Disease Epitopes Genome Hiv-1 HIV-1 infection Illinois infection Pressure proteins research support t cell therapies therapy Time transmission United States virology virus
Pickering S, Hué S, Kim EY, Reddy S, Wolinsky SM, Neil SJ (2014). Preservation of tetherin and CD4 counter-activities in circulating Vpu alleles despite extensive sequence variation within HIV-1 infected individuals. PLoS Pathog, 10(1), e1003895. PMC3900648
Journal Article
Quantification of HIV-1 latency reversal in resting CD4+ T cells from patients on suppressive antiretroviral therapy
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
2014
13-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24706775
Reversal of proviral latency is being pursued as a curative strategy for HIV-1 infection. Recent clinical studies of in vivo administration of the histone deacetylase inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA; vorinostat) show increases in unspliced cellular HIV-1 RNA levels in resting CD4(+) T cells. A critical unknown, however, is the proportion of latent proviruses that can be transcriptionally reactivated by SAHA or T-cell activation. In this study, we quantified the fraction of HIV-1 proviruses in resting CD4(+) T cells from patients on suppressive antiretroviral therapy that were reactivated ex vivo with SAHA or antibodies to CD3/CD28. At concentrations of SAHA achieved clinically, only 0.079% of proviruses in resting CD4(+) T cells were reactivated to produce virions, compared with 1.5% of proviruses in cells treated with anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies after correcting for spontaneous virion production in the medium control. A significant positive correlation (rho = 0.67, P < 0.
10.1073/pnas.1402873111
24706775
PMC4024870
Adult Aged Anti-Retroviral Agents/*therapeutic use CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology/immunology/*virology Female Gene Expression Regulation, Viral/drug effects HIV Infections/*drug therapy/immunology/virology HIV-1/genetics/*growth & development Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors/therapeutic use Humans Hydroxamic Acids/*therapeutic use Lymphocyte Activation/immunology Male Middle Aged Proviruses/genetics/growth & development RNA, Viral/genetics Viremia/drug therapy/immunology/virology Virus Latency/*drug effects/immunology Vorinostat HIV-1 cure HIV-1 eradication HIV-1 persistence fractional provirus expression
Cillo AR, Sobolewski MD, Bosch RJ, Fyne E, Piatak M Jr, Coffin JM, Mellors JW (2014). Quantification of HIV-1 latency reversal in resting CD4+ T cells from patients on suppressive antiretroviral therapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 111(19), 7078-83. PMC4024870
Journal Article
Gender Roles and Mental Health in Women With and at Risk for HIV
Psychol Women Q
2014
1-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25492991
Predominantly low-income and African American women from the same community, HIV-infected (n = 100; HIV+) and uninfected (n = 42; HIV-), were assessed on reported gender roles in sexual and other close relationships-including levels of self-silencing, unmitigated communion, and sexual relationship power-at a single recent study visit during 2008-2012. Recent gender roles were investigated in relation to depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life assessed both at a single visit during 2008-2012 and averaged over semiannual visits (for depressive symptoms) and annual visits (for quality of life) occurring between 1994 and 2012. Compared to HIV- women, HIV+ women reported significantly higher levels of several aspects of self-silencing, unmitigated communion, and multi-year averaged depressive symptoms as well as lower levels of sexual relationship power and recent and multi-year averaged quality of life. For both HIV+ and HIV- women, higher self-silencing and unmitigated comm
10.1177/0361684314525579
25492991
PMC4258411
Hiv communion depression empowerment health quality of life sex roles silencing the self
Brody LR, Stokes LR, Dale SK, Kelso GA, Cruise RC, Weber KM, Burke-Miller JK, Cohen MH (2014). Gender Roles and Mental Health in Women With and at Risk for HIV. Psychol Women Q, 38(3), 311-326. PMC4258411
Journal Article
Resilience among women with HIV: Impact of silencing the self and socioeconomic factors
Sex Roles
2014
1-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24932061
In the U.S., women account for over a quarter of the approximately 50,000 annual new HIV diagnoses and face intersecting and ubiquitous adversities including gender inequities, sexism, poverty, violence, and limited access to quality education and employment. Women are also subjected to prescribed gender roles such as silencing their needs in interpersonal relationships, which may lessen their ability to be resilient and function adaptively following adversity. Previous studies have often highlighted the struggles encountered by women with HIV without focusing on their strengths. The present cross-sectional study investigated the relationships of silencing the self and socioeconomic factors (education, employment, and income) with resilience in a sample of women with HIV. The sample consisted of 85 women with HIV, diverse ethnic/racial groups, aged 24 - 65 enrolled at the Chicago site of the Women's Interagency HIV Study in the midwestern region of the United States. Measures included
10.1007/s11199-014-0348-x
24932061
PMC4051411
Hiv resilience silencing the self socioeconomic factors women
Dale SK, Cohen MH, Kelso GA, Cruise RC, Weber KM, Watson C, Burke-Miller JK, Brody LR (2014). Resilience among women with HIV: Impact of silencing the self and socioeconomic factors. Sex Roles, 70(6-May), 221-231. PMC4051411
Journal Article
Joint modeling of longitudinal and survival data with missing and left-censored time-varying covariates
Stat Med
2014
20-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24947785
We propose a joint model for longitudinal and survival data with time-varying covariates subject to detection limits and intermittent missingness at random. The model is motivated by data from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), in which HIV+ subjects have viral load and CD4 cell count measured at repeated visits along with survival data. We model the longitudinal component using a normal linear mixed model, modeling the trajectory of CD4 cell count by regressing on viral load, and other covariates. The viral load data are subject to both left censoring because of detection limits (17%) and intermittent missingness (27%). The survival component of the joint model is a Cox model with time-dependent covariates for death because of AIDS. The longitudinal and survival models are linked using the trajectory function of the linear mixed model. A Bayesian analysis is conducted on the MACS data using the proposed joint model. The proposed method is shown to improve the precision of estim
10.1002/sim.6242
24947785
PMC4189992
*Bayes Theorem CD4 Lymphocyte Count *Cohort Studies HIV/growth & development HIV Infections/blood/virology Humans Limit of Detection *Longitudinal Studies *Proportional Hazards Models *Survival Analysis Viral Load Multicenter Aids Cohort Study detection limit joint modeling missing data
Chen Q, May RC, Ibrahim JG, Chu H, Cole SR (2014). Joint modeling of longitudinal and survival data with missing and left-censored time-varying covariates. Stat Med, 33(26), 4560-76. PMC4189992
Journal Article
A comparison of the generalized gamma and exponentiated Weibull distributions
Stat Med
2014
20-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24700647
This paper provides a comparison of the three-parameter exponentiated Weibull (EW) and generalized gamma (GG) distributions. The connection between these two different families is that the hazard functions of both have the four standard shapes (increasing, decreasing, bathtub, and arc shaped), and in fact, the shape of the hazard is the same for identical values of the three parameters. For a given EW distribution, we define a matching GG using simulation and also by matching the 5 (th) , 50 (th) , and 95 (th) percentiles. We compare EW and matching GG distributions graphically and using the Kullback-Leibler distance. We find that the survival functions for the EW and matching GG are graphically indistinguishable, and only the hazard functions can sometimes be seen to be slightly different. The Kullback-Leibler distances are very small and decrease with increasing sample size. We conclude that the similarity between the two distributions is striking, and therefore, the EW represents a
10.1002/sim.6159
24700647
PMC4125467
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy/mortality Computer Simulation Humans *Statistical Distributions *Survival Analysis Time Factors exponentiated Weibull distribution generalized gamma distribution parametric survival
Cox C, Matheson M (2014). A comparison of the generalized gamma and exponentiated Weibull distributions. Stat Med, 33(21), 3772-80. PMC4125467
Journal Article
Sex differences in the prevalence and clinical outcomes of subclinical peripheral artery disease in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) study
Vascular
2014
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23512905
The objective of the study was to determine if there are sex-based differences in the prevalence and clinical outcomes of subclinical peripheral artery disease (PAD). We evaluated the sex-specific associations of ankle-brachial index (ABI) with clinical cardiovascular disease outcomes in 2797 participants without prevalent clinical PAD and with a baseline ABI measurement in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition study. The mean age was 74 years, 40% were black, and 52% were women. Median follow-up was 9.37 years. Women had a similar prevalence of ABI < 0.9 (12% women versus 11% men; P = 0.44), but a higher prevalence of ABI 0.9-1.0 (15% versus 10%, respectively; P < 0.001). In a fully adjusted model, ABI < 0.9 was significantly associated with higher coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality, incident clinical PAD and incident myocardial infarction in both women and men. ABI < 0.9 was significantly associated with incident stroke only in women. ABI 0.9-1.0 was significantly associated wi
10.1177/1708538113476023
23512905
PMC4509626
Age Factors Aged *Aging Ankle Brachial Index Asymptomatic Diseases *Body Composition Chi-Square Distribution Coronary Disease/epidemiology/mortality Female *Health Status Disparities Health Surveys Humans Male Myocardial Infarction/epidemiology/mortality Pennsylvania/epidemiology Peripheral Arterial Disease/diagnosis/*epidemiology/mortality/physiopathology/therapy Predictive Value of Tests Prevalence Prognosis Proportional Hazards Models Risk Factors Sex Factors Stroke/epidemiology/mortality Tennessee/epidemiology Time Factors epidemiology peripheral artery disease sex-specific women
Hiramoto JS, Katz R, Ix JH, Wassel C, Rodondi N, Windham BG, Harris T, Koster A, Satterfield S, Newman A, Shlipak MG; Health ABC study (2014). Sex differences in the prevalence and clinical outcomes of subclinical peripheral artery disease in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) study. Vascular, 22(2), 142-8. PMC4509626
Journal Article
NIHMS602063
The relation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and regulatory T-cells (Tregs) with HPV persistence in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women
Viral Immunol
2014
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24494969
Other than CD4+ count, the immunologic factors that underlie the relationship of HIV/AIDS with persistent oncogenic HPV (oncHPV) and cervical cancer are not well understood. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and regulatory T-cells (Tregs) are of particular interest. pDCs have both effector and antigen presenting activity and, in HIV-positive patients, low pDC levels are associated with opportunistic infections. Tregs downregulate immune responses, and are present at high levels in HIV-positives. The current pilot study shows for the first time that low pDC and high Treg levels may be significantly associated with oncHPV persistence in both HIV-positive and HIV-negative women. Larger studies are now warranted.
10.1089/vim.2013.0097
24494969
PMC3920755
Adult CD4 Lymphocyte Count CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology Chronic Disease Dendritic Cells/*immunology Female HIV Infections/complications/*immunology/virology Humans Papillomavirus Infections/*immunology/virology Pilot Projects T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/*immunology Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/*immunology/virology
Strickler HD, Martinson J, Desai S, Xie X, Burk RD, Anastos K, Massad LS, Minkoff H, Xue X, D'Souza G, Levine AM, Colie C, Watts DH, Palefsky JM, Landay A (2014). The relation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and regulatory T-cells (Tregs) with HPV persistence in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women. Viral Immunol, 27(1), 20-5. PMC3920755
Journal Article
The impact of viral evolution and frequency of variant epitopes on primary and memory human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific CD8(+) T cell responses
Virology
2014
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24503065
It is unclear if HIV-1 variants lose the ability to prime naive CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) during progressive, untreated infection. We conducted a comprehensive longitudinal analysis of viral evolution and its impact on primary and memory CD8(+) T cell responses pre-seroconversion (SC), post-SC, and during combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Memory T cell responses targeting autologous virus variants reached a nadir by 8 years post-SC with development of AIDS, followed by a transient enhancement of anti-HIV-1 CTL responses upon initiation of cART. We show broad and high magnitude primary T cell responses to late variants in pre-SC T cells, comparable to primary anti-HIV-1 responses induced in T cells from uninfected persons. Despite evolutionary changes, CD8(+) T cells could still be primed to HIV-1 variants. Hence, vaccination against late, mutated epitopes could be successful in enhancing primary reactivity of T cells for control of the residual reservoir of HIV-1 du
10.1016/j.virol.2013.10.015
24503065
PMC4110927
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology Cohort Studies Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/genetics/*immunology *Evolution, Molecular HIV Infections/drug therapy/genetics/*immunology/virology HIV-1/*genetics/immunology/isolation & purification Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/genetics/immunology Humans Male T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/virology Viral Proteins/genetics/immunology Autologous viral variants Hiv-1 Memory T cell responses Primary T cell responses cART
Melhem NM, Smith KN, Huang XL, Colleton BA, Jiang W, Mailliard RB, Mullins JI, Rinaldo CR (2014). The impact of viral evolution and frequency of variant epitopes on primary and memory human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific CD8(+) T cell responses. Virology, 450-451(), 34-48. PMC4110927
Journal Article
Transmission and evolution of hepatitis C virus in HCV seroconverters in HIV infected subjects
Virology
2014
20-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24418568
HIV/HCV co-infection provides a model to determine the role of immunity on HCV transmission and evolution. In this study HCV transmission and evolution were evaluated in 6 HCV seroconverters in HIV-infected subjects with a wide range of CD4 cell count. The HCV envelope E1/E2 sequences were analyzed for transmission bottleneck, viral diversity/divergence, immune pressure, and mutations of HLA class I/II restricted epitopes. HCV infection started with transmission bottleneck in all HIV-infected individuals. During the 1.0-2.0 years of infection there was a shift of viral quasispecies in majority of the subjects from one to next visit. However, HCV diversity, divergence, mutations in HLA class I/II restricted and virus neutralizing epitopes were similar in all subjects regardless of CD4 cell count at the time of HCV infection. Our results suggest that HCV transmission and evolution in HIV-infected subjects may not be influenced by host CD4 cell count at the time of infection.
10.1016/j.virol.2013.11.001
24418568
PMC4337793
Adult CD4 Lymphocyte Count CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology Coinfection/genetics/immunology/*transmission/*virology *Evolution, Molecular Female Follow-Up Studies HIV Infections/genetics/immunology/*virology HIV-1/physiology HLA Antigens/genetics/immunology Hepacivirus/*genetics/immunology/isolation & purification/physiology Hepatitis Antibodies/immunology Hepatitis C/genetics/immunology/*transmission/*virology Humans Male Middle Aged CD4 cell count Evolution HCV seroconverter Hiv Transmission
Shen C, Gupta P, Xu X, Sanyal A, Rinaldo C, Seaberg E, Margolick JB, Martinez-Maza O, Chen Y (2014). Transmission and evolution of hepatitis C virus in HCV seroconverters in HIV infected subjects. Virology, 449(), 339-49. PMC4337793
Journal Article
Epigenetic analysis of HIV-1 proviral genomes from infected individuals: predominance of unmethylated CpG's
Virology
2014
20-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24418551
Efforts to cure HIV-1 infections aim at eliminating proviral DNA. Integrated DNA from various viruses often becomes methylated de novo and transcriptionally inactivated. We therefore investigated CpG methylation profiles of 55 of 94 CpG's (58.5%) in HIV-1 proviral genomes including ten CpG's in each LTR and additional CpG's in portions of gag, env, nef, rev, and tat genes. We analyzed 33 DNA samples from PBMC's of 23 subjects representing a broad spectrum of HIV-1 disease. In 22 of 23 HIV-1-infected individuals, there were only unmethylated CpG's regardless of infection status. In one long term nonprogressor, however, methylation of proviral DNA varied between 0 and 75% over an 11-year period although the CD4+ counts remained stable. Hence levels of proviral DNA methylation can fluctuate. The preponderance of unmethylated CpG's suggests that proviral methylation is not a major factor in regulating HIV-1 proviral activity in PBMC's. Unmethylated CpG's may play a role in HIV-1 immunopath
10.1016/j.virol.2013.11.013
24418551
PMC4060985
Adult Cells, Cultured DNA Methylation Dinucleoside Phosphates/*genetics *Epigenesis, Genetic Female *Genome, Viral HIV Infections/*virology HIV-1/*genetics/physiology Humans Leukocytes, Mononuclear/virology Male Proviruses/*genetics/physiology Young Adult Bisulfite sequencing Epigenetics of HIV-1 proviral DNA Escape from proviral DNA methylation Fluctuation of CpG methylation in one LTNP individual Integrated HIV-1 DNA in PBMC's from infected individuals Methylation analysis of integrated HIV-1 genomes Predominance of unmethylated CpG's in PBMC's Wide spectrum of infection outcome
Weber S, Weiser B, Kemal KS, Burger H, Ramirez CM, Korn K, Anastos K, Kaul R, Kovacs C, Doerfler W (2014). Epigenetic analysis of HIV-1 proviral genomes from infected individuals: predominance of unmethylated CpG's. Virology, 449(), 181-9. PMC4060985
Journal Article
Human herpesvirus 8 glycoprotein B binds the entry receptor DC-SIGN
Virus Res
2014
22-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25018023
We have previously shown that human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) uses DC-SIGN as an entry receptor for dendritic cells, macrophages and B cells. The viral attachment protein for DC-SIGN is unknown. HHV-8 virions contain five conserved herpesvirus glycoproteins, a single unique glycoprotein, and two predicted glycoproteins. Previous studies have shown that DC-SIGN binds highly mannosylated glycoproteins. The HHV-8 glycoprotein B (gB) has been reported to be highly mannosylated, and therefore we hypothesized that gB will bind to DC-SIGN. In this report we confirm that gB has a high mannose carbohydrate structure and demonstrate for the first time that it binds DC-SIGN in a dose-dependent manner. We also identify key amino acids in the DC-SIGN carbohydrate recognition domain that are required for HHV-8 infection and compare these results with published binding regions for ICAM-2/3 and HIV-1 gp120. These results clarify some of the initial events in HHV-8 entry and can be used for the design of t
10.1016/j.virusres.2014.07.003
25018023
PMC4142096
Cell Adhesion Molecules/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism Herpesviridae Infections/genetics/*metabolism/virology Herpesvirus 8, Human/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism Humans Lectins, C-Type/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism Protein Binding Protein Structure, Tertiary Receptors, Cell Surface/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism Receptors, Virus/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism Viral Envelope Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism Dc-sign Human herpesvirus 8
Hensler HR, Tomaszewski MJ, Rappocciolo G, Rinaldo CR, Jenkins FJ (2014). Human herpesvirus 8 glycoprotein B binds the entry receptor DC-SIGN. Virus Res, 190(), 97-103. PMC4142096
Journal Article
Vitamin D insufficiency may impair CD4 recovery among Women's Interagency HIV Study participants with advanced disease on HAART
AIDS
2013
20-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23095316
BACKGROUND: Recent studies in HIV-infected men report an association between low vitamin D (25OH-D) and CD4 recovery on HAART. We sought to test this relationship in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). METHODS: We examined 204 HIV-infected women with advanced disease, who started HAART after enrollment in the WIHS. We measured vitamin D (25OH-D) levels about 6 months prior to HAART initiation. The relationship between CD4 recovery (defined as increases of >/=50, 100, and 200 cells at 6, 12, and 24 months) and exposure variables was examined using logistic regression models at 6, 12 and 24 months post-HAART initiation in unadjusted and adjusted analyses, and using multivariable longitudinal Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE). Vitamin D insufficiency was defined as 25OH-D levels at least 30 ng/ml. RESULTS: The majority were non-Hispanic black (60%) and had insufficient vitamin D levels (89%). In adjusted analyses, at 24 months after HAART, insufficient vitamin D level (OR 0.20,
10.1097/QAD.0b013e32835b9ba1
23095316
PMC3902982
Adult *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cross-Sectional Studies Disease Progression Female HIV Seropositivity/blood/drug therapy/*immunology Humans Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome/blood/drug therapy/*immunology Middle Aged Prospective Studies RNA, Viral United States/epidemiology Viral Load Vitamin D Deficiency/blood/*immunology Women's Health
Aziz M, Livak B, Burke-Miller J, French AL, Glesby MJ, Sharma A, Young M, Villacres MC, Tien PC, Golub ET, Cohen MH, Adeyemi OM (2013). Vitamin D insufficiency may impair CD4 recovery among Women's Interagency HIV Study participants with advanced disease on HAART. AIDS, 27(4), 573-8. PMC3902982
Journal Article
Thirty-day hospital readmission rate among adults living with HIV
AIDS
2013
24-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23612008
OBJECTIVE: Thirty-day hospital readmission rate is receiving increasing attention as a quality-of-care indicator. The objective of this study was to determine readmission rates and to identify factors associated with readmission among persons living with HIV. DESIGN: Prospective multicenter observational cohort. SETTING: Nine US HIV clinics affiliated through the HIV Research Network. PARTICIPANTS: Patients engaged in HIV care during 2005-2010. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Readmission rate was defined as the proportion of hospitalizations followed by a readmission within 30 days. Factors in multivariate analyses included diagnostic categories, patient demographic and clinical characteristics, and having an outpatient follow-up visit. RESULTS: Among 11,651 total index hospitalizations, the 30-day readmission rate was 19.3%. AIDS-defining illnesses (ADIs, 9.6% of index hospitalizations) and non-AIDS-defining infections (26.4% of index hospitalizations) had readmission rates of 26.2 and 16.6%
10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283623d5f
23612008
PMC3796165
Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Female HIV Infections/*diagnosis/*drug therapy Humans Male Middle Aged Patient Readmission/*statistics & numerical data Prospective Studies Risk Factors United States Young Adult
Berry SA, Fleishman JA, Yehia BR, Korthuis PT, Agwu AL, Moore RD, Gebo KA; HIV Research Network (2013). Thirty-day hospital readmission rate among adults living with HIV. AIDS, 27(13), 2059-68. PMC3796165
Journal Article
NIHMS480198
Bringing it all together: big data and HIV research
AIDS
2013
13-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23719353
10.1097/QAD.0b013e32835cb785
23719353
PMC3671485
Biomedical Research/*methods Databases, Factual/standards *HIV Infections Humans
Bushman FD, Barton S, Bailey A, Greig C, Malani N, Bandyopadhyay S, Young J, Chanda S, Krogan N (2013). Bringing it all together: big data and HIV research. AIDS, 27(5), 835-8. PMC3671485
Journal Article
NIHMS457410
Comparisons of creatinine and cystatin C for detection of kidney disease and prediction of all-cause mortality in HIV-infected women
AIDS
2013
10-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23669156
BACKGROUND: Cystatin C could improve chronic kidney disease (CKD) classification in HIV-infected women relative to serum creatinine. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort analysis. METHODS: Cystatin C and creatinine were measured from specimens taken and stored during the 1999-2000 examination among 908 HIV-infected participants in the Women's Interagency HIV study (WIHS). Mean follow-up was 10.2 years. Predictors of differential glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimates were evaluated with multivariable linear regression. The associations of baseline categories (<60, 60-90, and >90 ml/min per 1.73 m) of creatinine estimated GFR (eGFRcr), cystatin C eGFR (eGFRcys), and combined creatinine-cystatin C eGFR (eGFRcr-cys) with all-cause mortality were evaluated using multivariable Cox regression. The net reclassification index (NRI) was calculated to evaluate the effect of cystatin C on reclassification of CKD staging. RESULTS: CKD risk factors were associated with lower eGFRcys and eGFRcr-cys valu
10.1097/QAD.0b013e328362e874
23669156
PMC3919542
Adult Biomarkers/*blood Chronic Disease Cohort Studies Creatinine/*blood Cystatin C/*blood Female Glomerular Filtration Rate HIV Infections/*complications/*drug therapy Humans Kidney Diseases/*diagnosis/*mortality Middle Aged Prognosis Survival Analysis
Driver TH, Scherzer R, Peralta CA, Tien PC, Estrella MM, Parikh CR, Butch AW, Anastos K, Cohen MH, Nowicki M, Sharma A, Young MA, Abraham A, Shlipak MG (2013). Comparisons of creatinine and cystatin C for detection of kidney disease and prediction of all-cause mortality in HIV-infected women. AIDS, 27(14), 2291-9. PMC3919542
Journal Article
NIHMS548054
Clostridium difficile in a HIV-infected cohort: incidence, risk factors, and clinical outcomes
AIDS
2013
13-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23842125
OBJECTIVE: Clostridium difficile is the most commonly reported infectious diarrhoea in HIV-infected patients in the United States. We set out to determine the incidence, risk factors and clinical presentation of C. difficile infections (CDIs) in a cohort of HIV-infected individuals. DESIGN: We performed a nested, case-control analysis with four non-CDI controls randomly selected for each case. METHODS: We assessed the incidence of CDI in the Johns Hopkins HIV Clinical Cohort between 1 July 2003 and 31 December 2010. Incident cases were defined as first positive C. difficile cytotoxin assay or PCR for toxin B gene. We used conditional logistic regression models to assess risk factors for CDI. We abstracted data on the clinical presentation and outcomes from case chart review. RESULTS: We identified 154 incident CDI cases for an incidence of 8.3 cases per 1000 patient years. No unique clinical features of HIV-associated CDI were identified. In multivariate analysis, risk of CDI was indep
10.1097/01.aids.0000432450.37863.e9
23842125
PMC3880635
Adolescent Adult Aged CD4 Lymphocyte Count Case-Control Studies Clostridium Infections/*epidemiology/*microbiology/pathology Clostridium difficile/*isolation & purification Diarrhea/*epidemiology/*microbiology/pathology HIV Infections/*complications Humans Incidence Male Middle Aged Retrospective Studies Risk Factors Treatment Outcome United States Young Adult
Haines CF, Moore RD, Bartlett JG, Sears CL, Cosgrove SE, Carroll K, Gebo KA (2013). Clostridium difficile in a HIV-infected cohort: incidence, risk factors, and clinical outcomes. AIDS, 27(17), 2799-807. PMC3880635
Journal Article
NIHMS518876
Concomitant anal and cervical human papillomavirusV infections and intraepithelial neoplasia in HIV-infected and uninfected women
AIDS
2013
17-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23803793
OBJECTIVE: To assess factors associated with concomitant anal and cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in HIV-infected and at-risk women. DESIGN: A study nested within the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), a multicenter longitudinal study of HIV-1 infection in women conducted in six centers within the United States. METHODS: Four hundred and seventy HIV-infected and 185 HIV-uninfected WIHS participants were interviewed and examined with anal and cervical cytology testing. Exfoliated cervical and anal specimens were assessed for HPV using PCR and type-specific HPV testing. Women with abnormal cytologic results had colposcopy or anoscopy-guided biopsy of visible lesions. Logistic regression analyses were performed and odds ratios (ORs) measured the association for concomitant anal and cervical HPV infection. RESULTS: One hundred and sixty-three (42%) HIV-infected women had detectable anal and cervical HPV infection compared with 12 (8%) of the HIV-uninfected women (P < 0.00
10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283601b09
23803793
PMC3917497
Adult Anus Neoplasms/complications/*epidemiology/virology Biopsy CD4 Lymphocyte Count Carcinoma in Situ/complications/*epidemiology/virology Comorbidity Female HIV Infections/*complications Humans Longitudinal Studies Middle Aged Papillomaviridae/classification/genetics/*isolation & purification Papillomavirus Infections/complications/*epidemiology/virology Polymerase Chain Reaction United States/epidemiology Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/complications/*epidemiology/virology
Hessol NA, Holly EA, Efird JT, Minkoff H, Weber KM, Darragh TM, Burk RD, Strickler HD, Greenblatt RM, Palefsky JM (2013). Concomitant anal and cervical human papillomavirusV infections and intraepithelial neoplasia in HIV-infected and uninfected women. AIDS, 27(11), 1743-51. PMC3917497
Journal Article
Association of HIV clinical disease progression with profiles of early immune activation: results from a cluster analysis approach
AIDS
2013
1-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23945505
OBJECTIVE: CD4 and CD8 T-cell activation are independent predictors of AIDS. The complete activation profile of both T-cell subtypes and their predictive value for AIDS risk is largely unknown. DESIGN: A total of 564 AIDS-free women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study were followed over 6.1 years (median) after T-cell activation assessment. A cluster analysis approach was used to evaluate the concurrent activation patterns of CD4 and CD8 T cells at the beginning of follow-up in relation to AIDS progression. METHODS: Percentages of CD4 and CD8 T cells with HLA-DR+/- and CD38+/- were assessed by flowcytometry. Eight immunologic variables (four on each CD4+ and CD8+: DR+/- and CD38+/-) were assessed to yield a 4-cluster solution on samples obtained before clinical endpoints. Proportional hazards survival regression estimated relative risks for AIDS progression by cluster membership. RESULTS: Compared with the other three clusters, outstanding activation features of each distinct cluster
10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283601bad
23945505
PMC3949252
Adolescent Adult Aged CD4 Antigens/*immunology CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology CD8 Antigens/*immunology CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology Cluster Analysis Disease Progression Female HIV Infections/*diagnosis/immunology Humans Lymphocyte Activation/*physiology Middle Aged Regression Analysis Time Factors Young Adult
Karim R, Mack WJ, Stiller T, Operskalski E, Frederick T, Landay A, Young MA, Tien PC, Augenbraun M, Strickler HD, Kovacs A (2013). Association of HIV clinical disease progression with profiles of early immune activation: results from a cluster analysis approach. AIDS, 27(9), 1473-81. PMC3949252
Journal Article
Serum albumin and short-term risk for mortality and cardiovascular disease among HIV-infected veterans
AIDS
2013
15-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23343914
OBJECTIVE: We examined the short-term and long-term associations of serum albumin with mortality and cardiovascular disease among HIV-infected veterans. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort analysis using a national database of US veterans with HIV infection. METHODS: This analysis evaluated all HIV-infected veterans in the Department of Veterans Affairs HIV Clinical Case Registry (CCR), a national database consisting of demographic, clinical, laboratory, pharmaceutical, and viral status data. There were 25 522 patients enrolled between 1986 and 2007. We evaluated the associations of baseline and time-updated serum albumin levels with all-cause mortality, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and heart failure by multivariate proportional hazards models. RESULTS: Over 21 years, there were 10 869 deaths; the cumulative mortality was 73.2 per 1000 person-years. After multivariate adjustment for covariates measured at baseline, the lowest category of serum albumin (<2.5 g/dl) was associated wit
10.1097/QAD.0b013e32835f1dd6
23343914
PMC4026018
Cardiovascular Diseases/blood/*mortality Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/blood/*mortality Humans Male Models, Theoretical Retrospective Studies Risk Factors Serum Albumin/*analysis Time Factors United States Veterans/statistics & numerical data
Lang J, Scherzer R, Weekley CC, Tien PC, Grunfeld C, Shlipak MG (2013). Serum albumin and short-term risk for mortality and cardiovascular disease among HIV-infected veterans. AIDS, 27(8), 1339-43. PMC4026018
Journal Article
NIHMS573529
Association of self-reported race with AIDS death in continuous HAART users in a cohort of HIV-infected women in the United States
AIDS
2013
24-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24037210
OBJECTIVE: To assess the association of race with clinical outcomes in HIV-positive women on continuous HAART. DESIGN: Prospective study that enrolled women from 1994 to 1995 and 2001 to 2002. SETTING: Women's Interagency HIV Study, a community-based cohort in five US cities. PARTICIPANTS: One thousand, four hundred and seventy-one HIV-positive continuous HAART users. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Times to AIDS and non-AIDS death and incident AIDS-defining illness (ADI) after HAART initiation. RESULTS: In adjusted analyses, black vs. white women had higher rates of AIDS death [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 2.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.30, 3.50; P = 0.003] and incident ADI (aHR 1.58, 95% CI 1.08, 2.32; P = 0.02), but not non-AIDS death (aHR 0.91, 95% CI 0.59, 1.39; P = 0.65). Cumulative AIDS death incidence at 10 years was 17.3 and 8.3% for black and white women, respectively. Other significant independent pre-HAART predictors of AIDS death included peak viral load (aHR 1.70 per log(1)(0
10.1097/01.aids.0000432537.92958.73
24037210
PMC3815041
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy/*ethnology/*mortality Adult African Continental Ancestry Group/*statistics & numerical data Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active European Continental Ancestry Group/*statistics & numerical data Female HIV Infections/drug therapy/ethnology Humans Prognosis Prospective Studies Risk Factors Survival Rate United States/epidemiology
Murphy K, Hoover DR, Shi Q, Cohen M, Gandhi M, Golub ET, Gustafson DR, Pearce CL, Young M, Anastos K. (2013). Association of self-reported race with AIDS death in continuous HAART users in a cohort of HIV-infected women in the United States. AIDS, 27(15), 2413-23. PMC3815041
Journal Article
Treatment-related changes in serum lipids and inflammation: clinical relevance remains unclear. Analyses from the Women's Interagency HIV study
AIDS
2013
1-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23435295
Among 127 HIV-infected women, the magnitude of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) increases after HAART initiation predicted the magnitude of concurrent decreases in inflammation biomarkers. After HAART initiation, changes in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) and inflammation were unrelated. In the same population, predicted risk of coronary heart disease, based upon levels of standard clinical risk factors, was similar before and after HAART. Thus, it remains unknown whether short-term treatment-related changes in standard risk factors may appreciably change risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD).
10.1097/QAD.0b013e32835fd8a9
23435295
PMC3909663
*Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Cardiovascular Diseases/*physiopathology Cholesterol, HDL/*blood Female HIV Infections/blood/*drug therapy Humans Inflammation/*physiopathology Risk Factors Women's Health
Parrinello CM, Landay AL, Hodis HN, Gange SJ, Norris PJ, Young M, Anastos K, Tien PC, Xue X, Lazar J, Benning L, Tracy RP, Kaplan RC (2013). Treatment-related changes in serum lipids and inflammation: clinical relevance remains unclear. Analyses from the Women's Interagency HIV study. AIDS, 27(9), 1516-9. PMC3909663
Journal Article
Joint effects of alcohol consumption and high-risk sexual behavior on HIV seroconversion among men who have sex with men
AIDS
2013
3/13/2013
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23719351
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the effects of alcohol consumption and number of unprotected receptive anal intercourse partners on HIV seroconversion while appropriately accounting for time-varying confounding. DESIGN: Prospective cohort of 3725 HIV-seronegative men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study between 1984 and 2008. METHODS: Marginal structural models were used to estimate the joint effects of alcohol consumption and number of unprotected receptive anal intercourse partners on HIV seroconversion. RESULTS: Baseline self-reported alcohol consumption was a median 8 drinks/week (quartiles: 2, 16), and 30% of participants reported multiple unprotected receptive anal intercourse partners in the prior 2 years. Five hundred and twenty-nine HIV seroconversions occurred over 35 ,870 person-years of follow-up. After accounting for several measured confounders using a joint marginal structural Cox proportional hazards model, the hazard ratio for seroconversion associated with moderate drinking (1
10.1097/QAD.0b013e32835cff4b
23719351
PMC3746520
AIDS alcohol anal intercourse behavior cohort Cohort Studies cohort study effects epidemiology follow-up health high-risk Hiv methods model multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study prevention Public Health research self-reported seroconversion sex sexual sexual behavior study support
Sander PM, Cole SR, Stall RD, Jacobson LP, Eron JJ, Napravnik S, Gaynes BN, Johnson-Hill LM, Bolan RK, Ostrow DG (2013). Joint effects of alcohol consumption and high-risk sexual behavior on HIV seroconversion among men who have sex with men. AIDS, 27(5), 815-823. PMC3746520
Journal Article
CD4(+)CD73(+) T cells are associated with lower T-cell activation and C reactive protein levels and are depleted in HIV-1 infection regardless of viral suppression
AIDS
2013
6/19/2013
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24005375
BACKGROUND: The role of the adenosine (ADO) suppression pathway, specifically CD39-expressing and CD73-expressing CD4(+) T cells in HIV-1 infection is unclear. METHODS: We evaluated the frequency and numbers of CD4(+)CD39(+) and CD4(+)CD73(+) T cells, activated T cells, and plasma C reactive protein (CRP) levels in 36 HIV-1-positive individuals and 10 normal controls (NC). Low-level plasma viremia was evaluated using single copy assay. Mass spectrometry was used to measure hydrolysis of ATP by ectoenzyme-expressing CD4(+) T cells, whereas cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels were measured using enzyme immunoassay. Suppression of T-cell function by exogenous ADO and CD4(+)CD73(+) T cells was tested by flow cytometry. RESULTS: CD39 and CD73 are expressed in different CD4(+) T-cell subsets. CD4(+)CD73(+) T cells do not express CD25 and FOXP3, and their frequency and numbers were lower in HIV-1-positive individuals regardless of virologic suppression (P=0.005 and P<0.001, respectiv
10.1097/QAD.0b013e328360c7f3
24005375
PMC3939796
activation Adenosine assay cAMP cancer cells control cytokine Flow Cytometry Hiv-1 HIV-1 infection immune immune activation Immunoassay In Vitro infection methods pathology Pittsburgh Plasma research Role support t cell t-cells Viremia
Schuler PJ, Macatangay BJ, Saze Z, Jackson EK, Riddler SA, Buchanan WG, Hilldorfer BB, Mellors JW, Whiteside TL, Rinaldo CR (2013). CD4(+)CD73(+) T cells are associated with lower T-cell activation and C reactive protein levels and are depleted in HIV-1 infection regardless of viral suppression. AIDS, 27(10), 1545-1555. PMC3939796
Journal Article
HIV serostatus differs by catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158Met genotype
AIDS
2013
17-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23807274
OBJECTIVE: The Met allele of the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met polymorphism is associated with increased cortical dopamine and risk behaviors including illicit drug use and unprotected sex. Therefore, we examined whether or not the distribution of the Val158Met genotype differed between HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis using data from the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), the largest longitudinal cohort study of HIV in women. METHODS: We conducted an Armitage-Cochran test and logistic regression to compare genotype frequencies between 1848 HIV-infected and 612 HIV-uninfected women in WIHS. RESULTS: The likelihood of carrying one or two Met alleles was greater in HIV-infected women (61%) compared to HIV-uninfected women (54%), Z = -3.60, P < 0.001. CONCLUSION: We report the novel finding of an association between the Val158Met genotype and HIV serostatus that may be mediated through the impact of dopamine function on propensity
10.1097/QAD.0b013e328361c6a1
23807274
PMC3897122
Adolescent Adult Aged Catechol O-Methyltransferase/*genetics Cohort Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Female Gene Frequency *Genetic Predisposition to Disease Genotype HIV Infections/*genetics Humans Middle Aged *Mutation, Missense Polymorphism, Genetic Prospective Studies Risk-Taking Young Adult
Sundermann EE, Bishop JR, Rubin LH, Aouizerat B, Wilson TE, Weber KM, Cohen M, Golub E, Anastos K, Liu C, Crystal H, Pearce CL, Maki PM (2013). HIV serostatus differs by catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158Met genotype. AIDS, 27(11), 1779-82. PMC3897122
Journal Article
Evidence for risk stratification when monitoring for toxicities following initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy
AIDS
2013
19-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23435300
OBJECTIVE: Laboratory monitoring is recommended during combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), but the pattern of detected abnormalities and optimal monitoring are unknown. We assessed laboratory abnormalities during initial cART in 2000-2010 across the United States. DESIGN: Observational study in the Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems Cohort. METHODS: Among patients with normal results within a year prior to cART initiation, time to first significant abnormality was assessed by Kaplan-Meier curves stratified by event type, with censoring at first of regimen change, loss to follow-up, or 104 weeks. Incidence rates of first events were estimated using Poisson regression; multivariable analyses identified associated factors. Results were stratified by time (16 weeks) from therapy initiation. RESULTS: A total of 3470 individuals contributed 3639 person-years. Median age, pre-cART CD4, and follow-up duration were 40 years, 206 cells/mul, and 51 weeks, resp
10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283601115
23435300
PMC4108282
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*adverse effects Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/*epidemiology Drug Therapy, Combination Dyslipidemias/chemically induced/*epidemiology Female Follow-Up Studies HIV Infections/*drug therapy Hematologic Diseases/chemically induced/*epidemiology Hepatitis B Humans Incidence Kidney Diseases/chemically induced/*epidemiology Male Middle Aged Risk Factors Time Factors Treatment Outcome United States
Taiwo B, Yanik EL, Napravnik S, Ryscavage P, Koletar SL, Moore R, Mathews WC, Crane HM, Mayer K, Zinski A, Kahn JS, Eron JJ; CFAR Network of Integrated Clinical Systems (CNICS) Cohort Study (2013). Evidence for risk stratification when monitoring for toxicities following initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy. AIDS, 27(10), 1593-602. PMC4108282
Journal Article
NIHMS613570
Alcohol consumption trajectory patterns in adult women with HIV infection
AIDS Behav
2013
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22836592
HIV-infected women with excessive alcohol consumption are at risk for adverse health outcomes, but little is known about their long-term drinking trajectories. This analysis included longitudinal data, obtained from 1996 to 2006, from 2,791 women with HIV from the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Among these women, the proportion in each of five distinct drinking trajectories was: continued heavy drinking (3 %), reduction from heavy to non-heavy drinking (4 %), increase from non-heavy to heavy drinking (8 %), continued non-heavy drinking (36 %), and continued non-drinking (49 %). Depressive symptoms, other substance use (crack/cocaine, marijuana, and tobacco), co-infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV), and heavy drinking prior to enrollment were associated with trajectories involving future heavy drinking. In conclusion, many women with HIV change their drinking patterns over time. Clinicians and those providing alcohol-related interventions might target those with depression, current us
10.1007/s10461-012-0270-6
22836592
PMC3534826
Adult Alcohol Drinking/*epidemiology/psychology Alcoholism/epidemiology/psychology Depression/epidemiology/psychology Female HIV Infections/*psychology Humans Prospective Studies Surveys and Questionnaires Time Factors United States/epidemiology
Cook RL, Zhu F, Belnap BH, Weber KM, Cole SR, Vlahov D, Cook JA, Hessol NA, Wilson TE, Plankey M, Howard AA, Sharp GB, Richardson JL, Cohen MH (2013). Alcohol consumption trajectory patterns in adult women with HIV infection. AIDS Behav, 17(5), 1705-12. PMC3534826
Journal Article
It gets better: resolution of internalized homophobia over time and associations with positive health outcomes among MSM
AIDS Behav
2013
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23283578
Health disparities research among gay and bisexual men has focused primarily on risk and deficits. However, a focus on resiliencies within this population may greatly benefit health promotion. We describe a pattern of resilience (internalized homophobia (IHP) resolution) over the life-course and its associations with current health outcomes. 1,541 gay and bisexual men from the Multi-Center AIDS Cohort study, an ongoing prospective study of the natural and treated histories of HIV, completed a survey about life-course events thought to be related to health. The majority of men resolved IHP over time independent of demographics. Men who resolved IHP had significantly higher odds of positive health outcomes compared to those who did not. These results provide evidence of resilience among participants that is associated with positive health outcomes. Understanding resiliencies and incorporating them into interventions may help to promote health and well-being among gay and bisexual men.
10.1007/s10461-012-0392-x
23283578
PMC3708613
*Adaptation, Psychological Adult Association Bisexuality/psychology Female HIV Infections/diagnosis/psychology Health Services Accessibility Healthcare Disparities *Homophobia Homosexuality/*psychology/statistics & numerical data Humans Male Middle Aged Prospective Studies *Resilience, Psychological Risk Factors Risk-Taking *Social Stigma Socioeconomic Factors Stress, Psychological Time Factors
Herrick AL, Stall R, Chmiel JS, Guadamuz TE, Penniman T, Shoptaw S, Ostrow D, Plankey MW (2013). It gets better: resolution of internalized homophobia over time and associations with positive health outcomes among MSM. AIDS Behav, 17(4), 1423-30. PMC3708613
Journal Article
The impact of depressive symptoms on patient-provider communication in HIV care
AIDS Care
2013
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23320529
Persons with HIV who develop depression have worse medical adherence and outcomes. Poor patient-provider communication may play a role in these outcomes. This cross-sectional study evaluated the influence of patient depression on the quality of patient-provider communication. Patient-provider visits (n=406) at four HIV care sites were audio-recorded and coded with the Roter Interaction Analysis System (RIAS). Negative binomial and linear regressions using generalized estimating equations tested the association of depressive symptoms, as measured by the Center for Epidemiology Studies Depression scale (CES-D), with RIAS measures and postvisit patient-rated quality of care and provider-reported regard for his or her patient. The patients, averaged 45 years of age (range =20-77), were predominately male (n=286, 68.5%), of black race (n=250, 60%), and on antiretroviral medications (n=334, 80%). Women had greater mean CES-D depression scores (12.0) than men (10.6; p=0.03). There were no age
10.1080/09540121.2012.752788
23320529
PMC4090599
Adult Attitude of Health Personnel Cross-Sectional Studies Depression/*psychology Female HIV Infections/*psychology/therapy Humans Male Middle Aged *Physician-Patient Relations Quality of Health Care/statistics & numerical data Surveys and Questionnaires
Jonassaint CR, Haywood C Jr, Korthuis PT, Cooper LA, Saha S, Sharp V, Cohn J, Moore RD, Beach MC (2013). The impact of depressive symptoms on patient-provider communication in HIV care. AIDS Care, 25(9), 1185-92. PMC4090599
Journal Article
NIHMS518652
The association of self-perception of body fat changes and quality of life in the Women's Interagency HIV Study
AIDS Care
2013
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23656440
Body fat changes are of concern to HIV-seropositive adults on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Studies examining the association of body fat changes and quality of life (QOL) in the setting of HIV infection have been conducted predominately in men. We examined the relationship of self-perceived body fat change with QOL among 1671 HAART-using HIV-seropositive women (mean age 40+/-8 years; 54% African-American, 24% reporting <95% HAART adherence) from the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Self-perception of any fat loss was associated with lower overall QOL. Report of any peripheral fat loss was strongly associated with nearly all QOL domains (i.e., physical functioning, role functioning, energy/fatigue, social functioning, pain, emotional well-being, health perception, and perceived health index) except cognitive functioning, whereas report of any central fat loss was significantly associated with lower social and cognitive functioning. Report of any central fat gain was assoc
10.1080/09540121.2013.793265
23656440
PMC3769511
Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*adverse effects Body Fat Distribution/*psychology *Body Image Female HIV Infections/drug therapy/psychology HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome/*psychology Humans Middle Aged Perception Quality of Life/*psychology Retrospective Studies *Self Concept Weight Gain Weight Loss Women/psychology
Plankey M, Bacchetti P, Jin C, Dass-Brailsford P, Gustafson D, Cohen MH, Karim R, Yin M, Tien PC (2013). The association of self-perception of body fat changes and quality of life in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. AIDS Care, 25(12), 1544-50. PMC3769511
Journal Article
Vitamin D and insulin resistance in non-diabetic women's interagency HIV study participants
AIDS Patient Care STDS
2013
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23675750
We explored the relationship between vitamin D levels and insulin resistance (IR) among 1082 nondiabetic (754 HIV-infected) women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV study (WIHS), a large and well-established cohort of HIV infected and uninfected women in the US. Vitamin D levels 20-29 ng/mL were considered insufficient and <20 ng/mL deficient. IR was estimated using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) and a clinically significant cut-off >/=2.6 was used for HOMA-IR. In the unadjusted analysis, women who were vitamin D insufficient or deficient were 1.62 (95% CI: 1.01-2.61, p=0.05) and 1.70 (95% CI: 1.11-2.60, p=0.02) times more likely to have HOMA values>/=2.6 compared to women with sufficient vitamin D. The association did not remain significant after adjustment for factors associated with IR. Among the 754 HIV-infected women, current PI use (OR 1.61, 95% CI: 1.13-2.28, p=0.008) remained independently associated with HOMA >/=2.6 while vitamin D insufficiency (OR 1.80, 95% CI:
10.1089/apc.2012.0400
23675750
PMC3671624
Adult Aged Blood Glucose/analysis Body Mass Index Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood/epidemiology Female Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry HIV Infections/*complications/epidemiology Humans Insulin/administration & dosage *Insulin Resistance Middle Aged Prospective Studies Regression Analysis Risk Factors Socioeconomic Factors United States Vitamin D/*blood Vitamin D Deficiency/*blood/complications/epidemiology Young Adult
Adeyemi OM, Livak B, Orsi J, Glesby MJ, Villacres MC, Weber KM, Sharma A, Golub E, Young M, Cohen M, Tien PC (2013). Vitamin D and insulin resistance in non-diabetic women's interagency HIV study participants. AIDS Patient Care STDS, 27(6), 320-5. PMC3671624
Journal Article
Antiretroviral therapy-induced changes in plasma lipids and the risk of kidney dysfunction in HIV-infected men
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2013
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23758574
In the context of HIV, the initiation of effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been found to increase the risk of dyslipidemia in HIV-infected individuals, and dyslipidemia has been found to be a risk factor for kidney disease in the general population. Therefore, we examined changes in lipid profiles in HIV-infected men following ART initiation and the association with future kidney dysfunction. HIV-infected men from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study initiating ART between December 31, 1995 and September 30, 2011 with measured lipid and serum creatinine values pre-ART and post-ART were selected. The associations between changes in total cholesterol or high-density lipoprotein following ART initiation and the estimated change in glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) over time were assessed using piecewise linear mixed effects models. There were 365 HIV-infected men who contributed to the analysis. In the adjusted models, at 3 years post-ART, those with changes in total cholesterol >50
10.1089/AID.2012.0253
23758574
PMC3785801
Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*methods Cohort Studies Creatinine/blood Dyslipidemias/*chemically induced/*complications Glomerular Filtration Rate HIV Infections/*complications/*drug therapy Humans Kidney Diseases/*chemically induced/*epidemiology Kidney Function Tests Lipids/blood Male Middle Aged Plasma/chemistry Risk Assessment
Abraham AG, Li X, Jacobson LP, Estrella MM, Evans RW, Witt MD, Phair J (2013). Antiretroviral therapy-induced changes in plasma lipids and the risk of kidney dysfunction in HIV-infected men. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 29(10), 1346-52. PMC3785801
Journal Article
Lipodystrophy and inflammation predict later grip strength in HIV-infected men: the MACS Body Composition substudy
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2013
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23550976
Body fat changes in HIV-infected persons are associated with increased systemic inflammation and increased mortality. It is unknown whether lipodystrophy is also associated with declines in physical function. Between 2001 and 2003, 33 HIV-infected men with evidence of lipodystrophy (LIPO(+)), 23 HIV-infected men without lipodystrophy (LIPO(-)), and 33 seronegative men were recruited from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) for the Body Composition substudy. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) was assessed by quantitative computed tomography. Lean body mass (LBM) and extremity fat were measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Insulin resistance was estimated by Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA). Serum interleukin (IL)-6, soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha receptors I and II (sTNFRI and sTNFRII), and highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) concentrations were quantified from archived serum samples. These measurements were correlated with grip strength measured in 2007 u
10.1089/AID.2013.0020
23550976
PMC3715766
Absorptiometry, Photon Adipose Tissue/metabolism Adult Biomarkers/blood Body Composition C-Reactive Protein/analysis HIV Infections/blood/complications/*physiopathology *Hand Strength Humans Inflammation/*blood/complications Insulin Resistance Interleukin-6/blood Lipodystrophy/*blood/complications Male Middle Aged Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/blood Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Crawford KW, Li X, Xu X, Abraham AG, Dobs AS, Margolick JB, Palella FJ, Kingsley LA, Witt MD, Brown TT (2013). Lipodystrophy and inflammation predict later grip strength in HIV-infected men: the MACS Body Composition substudy. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 29(8), 1138-45. PMC3715766
Journal Article
Antiretroviral-treated HIV-infected women have similar long-term kidney function trajectories as HIV-uninfected women
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2013
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23273313
Natural history studies suggest increased risk for kidney function decline with HIV infection, but few studies have made comparisons with HIV-uninfected women. We examined whether HIV infection treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) remains associated with faster kidney function decline in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. HIV-infected women initiating HAART with (n=105) or without (n=373) tenofovir (TDF) were matched to HIV-uninfected women on calendar and length of follow-up, age, systolic blood pressure, hepatitis C antibody serostatus, and diabetes history. Linear mixed models were used to evaluate differences in annual estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Person-visits were 4,741 and 11,512 for the TDF-treated and non-TDF-treated analyses, respectively. Mean baseline eGFRs were higher among women initiated on TDF-containing HAART and lower among those on TDF-sparing HAART compared to their respective HIV-uninfected matches (p<0.05 for both). HIV-infecte
10.1089/AID.2012.0248
23273313
PMC3636577
Adult *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Creatinine/blood Female Glomerular Filtration Rate HIV Infections/*complications/drug therapy Humans Prospective Studies Renal Insufficiency/*etiology
Estrella MM, Abraham AG, Jing Y, Parekh RS, Tien PC, Merenstein D, Pearce CL, Anastos K, Cohen MH, Dehovitz JA, Gange SJ (2013). Antiretroviral-treated HIV-infected women have similar long-term kidney function trajectories as HIV-uninfected women. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 29(5), 755-60. PMC3636577
Journal Article
Colonization by Candida species of the oral and vaginal mucosa in HIV-infected and noninfected women
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2013
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23098053
Candidiasis in HIV/AIDS patients continues to be a public health problem. Effective antifungal therapies are few in number and have inherent problems such as selecting for drug-resistant strains of Candida species. To evaluate the state of Candida colonization of the oral and vaginal mucosa, we recruited 80 women, both HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected, from the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). Diet diaries were collected by participants to examine the role of diet on fungal growth. Baseline studies were initially done in participants that followed the colonization of both mucosal sites over 0-90 days. The most common Candida species from both groups of patients were C. albicans and C. glabrata. Among the HIV-infected cohort, the percentage of participants who were positive for Candida spp. was higher than in the HIV-uninfected control group. Furthermore, the frequency of colonization (1 episode versus >1 episode) was also increased in the HIV-infected cohort. These data indicate th
10.1089/AID.2012.0269
23098053
PMC3537294
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/*microbiology Candida albicans Candida glabrata Candidiasis, Oral/etiology/*microbiology Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal/etiology/*microbiology Case-Control Studies Diet/adverse effects Diet Records Female Humans Logistic Models Mouth Mucosa/microbiology Odds Ratio Prospective Studies Risk Factors Vagina/microbiology
Merenstein D, Hu H, Wang C, Hamilton P, Blackmon M, Chen H, Calderone R, Li D (2013). Colonization by Candida species of the oral and vaginal mucosa in HIV-infected and noninfected women. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 29(1), 30-4. PMC3537294
Journal Article
Outcomes of second combination antiretroviral therapy regimens among HIV-infected persons in clinical care: a multicenter cohort study
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2013
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23072322
Data on the effectiveness of second-line combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) are limited. We evaluated virologic outcomes of second cART in a multicenter cohort collaboration. The study population initiated first and second modern cART between 1996 and 2010. The second cART required a switch in at least the anchor agent of first cART. We evaluated time to virologic failure of second cART and factors associated with greater risk of failure using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. Of 488 patients who switched to second-line cART, 67% were black and 32% were women. The median HIV-1 RNA at second cART initiation was 9,565 copies/ml [interquartile range (IQR); 123, 94,108]. The time to virologic failure of second cART was longer if HIV-1 RNA was undetectable at switch (p=0.001), although 12% and 17% of patients with undetectable and detectable HIV-1 RNA experienced virologic failure within 6 months of second cART initiation, respectively. A lower CD4 cell count at second c
10.1089/AID.2012.0210
23072322
PMC3581035
Adult African Continental Ancestry Group Anti-HIV Agents/*administration & dosage Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*methods CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies European Continental Ancestry Group Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy HIV-1/*isolation & purification Humans Male RNA, Viral/blood Time Factors Treatment Outcome *Viral Load
Napravnik S, Eron JJ, Sterling TR, Juday T, Uy J, Moore RD (2013). Outcomes of second combination antiretroviral therapy regimens among HIV-infected persons in clinical care: a multicenter cohort study. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 29(3), 574-80. PMC3581035
Journal Article
HAART-associated dyslipidemia varies by biogeographical ancestry in the multicenter AIDS cohort study
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2013
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23343448
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been successful in delaying the progression to AIDS in HIV-1-infected individuals. Exposure to HAART can result in metabolic side effects, such as dyslipidemia, in a subset of recipients. Longitudinal data and frozen peripheral blood mononuclear cell pellets were obtained from 1,945 men enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort. Individuals were genotyped for ancestry informative markers (AIMs) and stratified by biogeographical ancestry (BGA). Then serum levels of total cholesterol (TCHOL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride (TRIG) were examined controlling for a number of HIV and HAART-related covariates using multivariate mixed-effects linear regression. HIV-1 infection, in the absence of HAART, was associated with altered lipid levels for all phenotypes tested when compared to HIV-negative men. HIV-1-infected men receiving HAART also had significantly different lip
10.1089/AID.2012.0169
23343448
PMC3653392
Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*adverse effects Cholesterol/blood Cholesterol, HDL/blood Cholesterol, LDL/blood Cohort Studies Continental Population Groups/genetics/*statistics & numerical data Dyslipidemias/*chemically induced Genotype HIV Infections/blood/*drug therapy Hiv-1 Humans Linear Models Male Middle Aged Triglycerides/blood
Nicholaou MJ, Martinson JJ, Abraham AG, Brown TT, Hussain SK, Wolinsky SM, Kingsley LA (2013). HAART-associated dyslipidemia varies by biogeographical ancestry in the multicenter AIDS cohort study. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 29(6), 871-9. PMC3653392
Journal Article
Effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy and its adherence on herpes zoster incidence: a longitudinal cohort study
AIDS Res Ther
2013
27-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24373482
BACKGROUND: Herpes zoster (HZ) is common among HIV-infected individuals, but the impacts of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and HAART adherence on HZ risk have not been well studied. METHODS: The effects of HAART and HAART adherence on HZ incidence were evaluated by comparing HIV-infected women on HAART (HAART use group) with the HIV-infected women remaining HAART naive (HAART naive group) in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). A 1:1 matching with propensity score for predicting HAART initiation was conducted to balance background covariates at index visit, including HIV disease stage. Kaplan-Meier method was used to compare the risk of HZ development between the matched pairs. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the effects of HAART and HAART adherence on HZ incidence. RESULTS: Through propensity score matching, 389 pairs of participants were identified and they contributed 3,909 person years after matching. The background covariates were similar betw
10.1186/1742-6405-10-34
24373482
PMC3904465
Liu C, Wang C, Glesby MJ, D'souza G, French A, Minkoff H, Maurer T, Karim R, Young M (2013). Effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy and its adherence on herpes zoster incidence: a longitudinal cohort study. AIDS Res Ther, 10(1), 34. PMC3904465
Journal Article
Wada et al. Respond to "AIDS and Depressive Symptoms"
Am J Epidemiol
2013
1/15/2013
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Alvaro_Munoz17/publication/234050088_Wada_et_al_Respond_to_AIDS_and_Depressive_Symptoms/links/5d7fda8b299bf10c1ab23e53/Wada-et-al-Respond-to-AIDS-and-Depressive-Symptoms.pdf
10.1093/aje/kws320 [doi]
Nikolas Wada, Lisa P. Jacobson, Mardge Cohen, Audrey French, John Phair, Alvaro Muñoz (2013). Wada et al. Respond to "AIDS and Depressive Symptoms". Am J Epidemiol, 177(2), 129-130.
Journal Article
Cause-specific life expectancies after 35 years of age for human immunodeficiency syndrome-infected and human immunodeficiency syndrome-negative individuals followed simultaneously in long-term cohort studies, 1984-2008
Am J Epidemiol
2013
15-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23287403
Parametric and semiparametric competing risks methods were used to estimate proportions, timing, and predictors of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related and non-AIDS-related mortality among individuals both positive and negative for the human immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV) in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) and Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) from 1984 to 2008 and 1996 to 2008, respectively. Among HIV-positive MACS participants, the proportion of deaths unrelated to AIDS increased from 6% before the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) (before 1996) to 53% in the HAART era (P < 0.01); the median age of persons who died from non-AIDS-related causes after age 35 years increased from 49.0 to 66.0 years (P < 0.01). In both cohorts during the HAART era, median ages at time of non-AIDS-related death were younger for HIV-positive individuals than for comparable HIV-negative individuals (8.7 years younger in MACS (P < 0.01) and 7.6 years youn
10.1093/aje/kws321
23287403
PMC3590031
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy/mortality Adult Age Factors Aged *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Case-Control Studies *Cause of Death Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/drug therapy/*mortality Humans *Life Expectancy Longitudinal Studies Male Middle Aged Models, Statistical Multivariate Analysis Proportional Hazards Models Prospective Studies United States/epidemiology
Wada N, Jacobson LP, Cohen M, French A, Phair J, Muñoz A (2013). Cause-specific life expectancies after 35 years of age for human immunodeficiency syndrome-infected and human immunodeficiency syndrome-negative individuals followed simultaneously in long-term cohort studies, 1984-2008. Am J Epidemiol, 177(2), 116-25. PMC3590031
Journal Article
IL-10 restrains IL-17 to limit lung pathology characteristics following pulmonary infection with Francisella tularensis live vaccine strain
Am J Pathol
2013
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24007881
IL-10 production during intracellular bacterial infections is generally thought to be detrimental because of its role in suppressing protective T-helper cell 1 (Th1) responses. Francisella tularensis is a facultative intracellular bacterium that activates both Th1 and Th17 protective immune responses. Herein, we report that IL-10-deficient mice (Il10(-/-)), despite having increased Th1 and Th17 responses, exhibit increased mortality after pulmonary infection with F. tularensis live vaccine strain. We demonstrate that the increased mortality observed in Il10(-/-)-infected mice is due to exacerbated IL-17 production that causes increased neutrophil recruitment and associated lung pathology. Thus, although IL-17 is required for protective immunity against pulmonary infection with F. tularensis live vaccine strain, its production is tightly regulated by IL-10 to generate efficient induction of protective immunity without mediating pathology. These data suggest a critical role for IL-10 in
10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.07.008
24007881
PMC3814571
Animals Bacterial Vaccines/*immunology Disease Susceptibility Francisella tularensis/*physiology Inflammation/pathology Interleukin-10/biosynthesis/deficiency/*metabolism Interleukin-17/*metabolism Lung/*immunology/microbiology/*pathology Mice Mice, Inbred C57BL Neutrophil Infiltration Respiratory Tract Infections/immunology/*microbiology/pathology/prevention & control Th1 Cells/immunology Th17 Cells/immunology Tularemia/immunology/microbiology/pathology/prevention & control
Slight SR, Monin L, Gopal R, Avery L, Davis M, Cleveland H, Oury TD, Rangel-Moreno J, Khader SA (2013). IL-10 restrains IL-17 to limit lung pathology characteristics following pulmonary infection with Francisella tularensis live vaccine strain. Am J Pathol, 183(5), 1397-1404. PMC3814571
Journal Article
Uptake and predictors of anal cancer screening in men who have sex with men
Am J Public Health
2013
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23865658
OBJECTIVES: We investigated attitudes about and acceptance of anal Papanicolaou (Pap) screening among men who have sex with men (MSM). METHODS: Free anal Pap screening (cytology) was offered to 1742 MSM in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, who reported history of, attitudes about, and experience with screening. We explored predictors of declining screening with multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: A history of anal Pap screening was uncommon among non-HIV-infected MSM, but more common among HIV-infected MSM (10% vs 39%; P < .001). Most participants expressed moderate or strong interest in screening (86%), no anxiety about screening (66%), and a strong belief in the utility of screening (65%). Acceptance of screening during this study was high (85%) across all 4 US sites. Among those screened, most reported it was "not a big deal" or "not as bad as expected," and 3% reported that it was "scary." Declining to have screening was associated with Black race, anxiety about screening,
10.2105/AJPH.2013.301237
23865658
PMC3740081
Adult Anus Neoplasms/*diagnosis Attitude to Health Early Detection of Cancer/psychology/*statistics & numerical data Homosexuality, Male/psychology/*statistics & numerical data Humans Logistic Models Male Middle Aged Papanicolaou Test Patient Acceptance of Health Care/psychology/statistics & numerical data United States/epidemiology
D'Souza G, Rajan SD, Bhatia R, Cranston RD, Plankey MW, Silvestre A, Ostrow DG, Wiley D, Shah N, Brewer NT (2013). Uptake and predictors of anal cancer screening in men who have sex with men. Am J Public Health, 103(9), e88-95. PMC3740081
Journal Article
Facilitators and barriers to discussing HIV prevention with adolescents: perspectives of HIV-infected parents
Am J Public Health
2013
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23763390
OBJECTIVES: We examined HIV-infected parents' conversations about HIV prevention with their uninfected children, including what facilitated or hindered communication. METHODS: Parents with HIV/AIDS (n = 90) who had children aged 10 to 18 years were recruited for a mixed method study from 2009 to 2010. Interviews assessed facilitators and barriers to discussing HIV prevention. A questionnaire identified the frequency and content of conversations, parental confidence level, and perceived importance of discussing preventive topics. RESULTS: Eighty-one percent of parents reported "sometimes" or "often" communicating about HIV prevention. A subset of parents found these conversations difficult; 44% indicated their desire for support. Facilitators to communication included utilizing support, focusing on the benefits of talking, and having a previous relationship with one's child. Barriers to discussions included fear of negative consequences, living in denial, and lacking a parental role mod
10.2105/AJPH.2012.301111
23763390
PMC3908917
Adolescent Chi-Square Distribution Child Female HIV Infections/*prevention & control/*psychology Humans Interviews as Topic Male Middle Aged *Parent-Child Relations Parents/*psychology Statistics, Nonparametric Surveys and Questionnaires
Edwards LL, Reis JS, Weber KM (2013). Facilitators and barriers to discussing HIV prevention with adolescents: perspectives of HIV-infected parents. Am J Public Health, 103(8), 1468-75. PMC3908917
Journal Article
Adversity and syndemic production among men participating in the multicenter AIDS cohort study: a life-course approach
Am J Public Health
2013
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23153154
OBJECTIVES: We tested a theory of syndemic production among men who have sex with men (MSM) using data from a large cohort study. METHODS: Participants were 1551 men from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study enrolled at 4 study sites: Baltimore, Maryland-Washington, DC; Chicago, Illinois; Los Angeles, California; and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Participants who attended semiannual visits from April 1, 2008, to March 31, 2009, completed an additional survey that captured data about events throughout their life course thought to be related to syndemic production. RESULTS: Using multivariate analysis, we found that the majority of life-course predictor variables (e.g., victimization, internalized homophobia) were significantly associated with both the syndemic condition and the component psychosocial health outcomes (depressive symptoms, stress, stimulant use, sexual compulsivity, intimate partner violence). A nested negative binomial analysis showed that the overall life course significantly
10.2105/AJPH.2012.300810
23153154
PMC3518355
Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Cohort Studies *Crime Victims HIV Infections/*psychology Health Surveys *Homophobia Homosexuality, Male/*psychology Humans *Life Change Events Male Masculinity Middle Aged Personal Satisfaction Sexual Behavior Social Class Stress, Psychological Young Adult
Herrick AL, Lim SH, Plankey MW, Chmiel JS, Guadamuz TE, Kao U, Shoptaw S, Carrico A, Ostrow D, Stall R. (2013). Adversity and syndemic production among men participating in the multicenter AIDS cohort study: a life-course approach. Am J Public Health, 103(1), 79-85. PMC3518355
Journal Article
S100A8/A9 proteins mediate neutrophilic inflammation and lung pathology during tuberculosis
Am J Respir Crit Care Med
2013
1-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24047412
RATIONALE: A hallmark of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is the formation of granulomas. However, the immune factors that drive the formation of a protective granuloma during latent TB, and the factors that drive the formation of inflammatory granulomas during active TB, are not well defined. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to identify the underlying immune mechanisms involved in formation of inflammatory granulomas seen during active TB. METHODS: The immune mediators involved in inflammatory granuloma formation during TB were assessed using human samples and experimental models of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, using molecular and immunologic techniques. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We demonstrate that in human patients with active TB and in nonhuman primate models of M. tuberculosis infection, neutrophils producing S100 proteins are dominant within the inflammatory lung granulomas seen during active TB. Using the mouse model of TB, we demonstrate that the exacerbated
10.1164/rccm.201304-0803OC
24047412
PMC3863739
Animals Calgranulin A/*immunology Calgranulin B/*immunology Chemokines/immunology Chemotactic Factors/immunology Cytokines/immunology Disease Models, Animal Granuloma, Respiratory Tract/*immunology Humans Inflammation Mediators/*immunology Macaca mulatta Mice Mice, Inbred C57BL Neutrophils/*immunology Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/*immunology
Gopal R, Monin L, Torres D, Slight S, Mehra S, McKenna KC, Fallert Junecko BA, Reinhart TA, Kolls J, Báez-Saldaña R, Cruz-Lagunas A, Rodríguez-Reyna TS, Kumar NP, Tessier P, Roth J, Selman M, Becerril-Villanueva E, Baquera-Heredia J, Cumming B, Kasprowicz VO, Steyn AJ, Babu S, Kaushal D, Zúñiga J, Vogl T, Rangel-Moreno J, Khader SA (2013). S100A8/A9 proteins mediate neutrophilic inflammation and lung pathology during tuberculosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 188(9), 1137-46. PMC3863739
Journal Article
Widespread colonization of the lung by Tropheryma whipplei in HIV infection
Am J Respir Crit Care Med
2013
15-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23392441
RATIONALE: Lung infections caused by opportunistic or virulent pathogens are a principal cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV infection. It is unknown whether HIV infection leads to changes in basal lung microflora, which may contribute to chronic pulmonary complications that increasingly are being recognized in individuals infected with HIV. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the immunodeficiency associated with HIV infection resulted in alteration of the lung microbiota. METHODS: We used 16S ribosomal RNA targeted pyrosequencing and shotgun metagenomic sequencing to analyze bacterial gene sequences in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and mouths of 82 HIV-positive and 77 HIV-negative subjects. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Sequences representing Tropheryma whipplei, the etiologic agent of Whipple's disease, were significantly more frequent in BAL of HIV-positive compared with HIV-negative individuals. T. whipplei dominated the community (>50% of sequence reads) in 11 HIV-positive subjec
10.1164/rccm.201211-2145OC
23392441
PMC3734615
Cohort Studies HIV Infections/*complications Humans Longitudinal Studies Lung/*microbiology *Tropheryma Whipple Disease/*complications/*microbiology
Lozupone C, Cota-Gomez A, Palmer BE, Linderman DJ, Charlson ES, Sodergren E, Mitreva M, Abubucker S, Martin J, Yao G, Campbell TB, Flores SC, Ackerman G, Stombaugh J, Ursell L, Beck JM, Curtis JL, Young VB, Lynch SV, Huang L, Weinstock GM, Knox KS, Twigg H, Morris A, Ghedin E, Bushman FD, Collman RG, Knight R, Fontenot AP; Lung HIV Microbiome Project (2013). Widespread colonization of the lung by Tropheryma whipplei in HIV infection. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 187(10), 1110-7. PMC3734615
Journal Article
Comparison of the respiratory microbiome in healthy nonsmokers and smokers
Am J Respir Crit Care Med
2013
15-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23491408
RATIONALE: Results from 16S rDNA-encoding gene sequence-based, culture-independent techniques have led to conflicting conclusions about the composition of the lower respiratory tract microbiome. OBJECTIVES: To compare the microbiome of the upper and lower respiratory tract in healthy HIV-uninfected nonsmokers and smokers in a multicenter cohort. METHODS: Participants were nonsmokers and smokers without significant comorbidities. Oral washes and bronchoscopic alveolar lavages were collected in a standardized manner. Sequence analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA-encoding genes was performed, and the neutral model in community ecology was used to identify bacteria that were the most plausible members of a lung microbiome. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Sixty-four participants were enrolled. Most bacteria identified in the lung were also in the mouth, but specific bacteria such as Enterobacteriaceae, Haemophilus, Methylobacterium, and Ralstonia species were disproportionally represented in the l
10.1164/rccm.201210-1913OC
23491408
PMC3734620
Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/microbiology Cohort Studies Female Humans Lung/microbiology Male *Metagenome Middle Aged Mouth/microbiology Prospective Studies Reference Values Respiratory System/*microbiology Sequence Analysis, DNA/methods *Smoking Young Adult
Morris A, Beck JM, Schloss PD, Campbell TB, Crothers K, Curtis JL, Flores SC, Fontenot AP, Ghedin E, Huang L, Jablonski K, Kleerup E, Lynch SV, Sodergren E, Twigg H, Young VB, Bassis CM, Venkataraman A, Schmidt TM, Weinstock GM; Lung HIV Microbiome Project (2013). Comparison of the respiratory microbiome in healthy nonsmokers and smokers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 187(10), 1067-75. PMC3734620
Journal Article
Use of cardiac CT angiography imaging in an epidemiology study - the Methodology of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study cardiovascular disease substudy
Anadolu Kardiyol Derg
2013
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23376648
OBJECTIVE: The methodology for use of cardiac CT angiography (CTA) in low risk populations is not well defined. In order to present a reference for future studies, we present CTA methodology that is being used in an epidemiology study- the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). METHODS: The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) is an on-going multicenter prospective, observational cohort study. The MACS Cardiovascular Disease substudy plans to enroll 800 men (n= 575 HIV seropositive and n=225 HIV seronegative) age 40-70 years for coronary atherosclerosis imaging using cardiac CTA. The protocol includes heart rate (HR) optimization with beta- blockers; use of proper field of view; scan length limitation; prospective ECG-gating using the lowest beam voltage possible. All scans are evaluated for presence, extent, and composition of coronary atherosclerosis, left atrial volumes, left ventricular volume and mass and non-coronary cardiac pathology. RESULTS: The first 498 participants had an av
10.5152/akd.2013.065
23376648
PMC3673004
*Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Cohort Studies *Coronary Angiography Coronary Artery Disease/diagnostic imaging/*epidemiology Electrocardiography Female Humans Male Middle Aged Prospective Studies Radiation Dosage Radiography, Thoracic Tomography, X-Ray Computed Turkey/epidemiology
Hacıoğlu Y, Gupta M, Choi TY, George RT, Deible CR, Jacobson LP, Witt MD, Palella FJ, Post WS, Budoff MJ (2013). Use of cardiac CT angiography imaging in an epidemiology study - the Methodology of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study cardiovascular disease substudy. Anadolu Kardiyol Derg, 13(3), 207-14. PMC3673004
Journal Article
Genome-wide association study of spontaneous resolution of hepatitis C virus infection: data from multiple cohorts
Ann Intern Med
2013
19-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23420232
UNLABELLED: Chinese translation BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections occur worldwide and either spontaneously resolve or persist and markedly increase the person's lifetime risk for cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although HCV persistence occurs more often in persons of African ancestry and persons with genetic variants near interleukin-28B (IL-28B), the genetic basis is not well-understood. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the host genetic basis for spontaneous resolution of HCV infection. DESIGN: 2-stage, genome-wide association study. SETTING: 13 international multicenter study sites. PATIENTS: 919 persons with serum HCV antibodies but no HCV RNA (spontaneous resolution) and 1482 persons with serum HCV antibodies and HCV RNA (persistence). MEASUREMENTS: Frequencies of 792 721 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). RESULTS: Differences in allele frequencies between persons with spontaneous resolution and persistence were identified on chromosomes 19q13.13 and 6p21.32. On chr
10.7326/0003-4819-158-4-201302190-00003
23420232
PMC3638215
African Americans/genetics Female Gene Frequency Genome-Wide Association Study Genotype HLA-DQ beta-Chains/*genetics Hepatitis C/*genetics/virology Hepatitis C Antibodies Humans Interferons Interleukins/*genetics Male Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide RNA, Viral/blood Remission, Spontaneous
Duggal P, Thio CL, Wojcik GL, Goedert JJ, Mangia A, Latanich R, Kim AY, Lauer GM, Chung RT, Peters MG, Kirk GD, Mehta SH, Cox AL, Khakoo SI, Alric L, Cramp ME, Donfield SM, Edlin BR, Tobler LH, Busch MP, Alexander G, Rosen HR, Gao X, Abdel-Hamid M, Apps R, Carrington M, Thomas DL (2013). Genome-wide association study of spontaneous resolution of hepatitis C virus infection: data from multiple cohorts. Ann Intern Med, 158(4), 235-45. PMC3638215
Journal Article
Vitamin D deficiency and its relation to bone mineral density and liver fibrosis in HIV-HCV coinfection
Antivir Ther
2013
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22910231
BACKGROUND: Fractures and cirrhosis are major causes of morbidity and mortality among HIV-HCV-coinfected individuals. It is not known whether vitamin D deficiency is associated with these outcomes. METHODS: Between 2005 and 2007, 116 HIV-HCV-coinfected individuals underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry within 1 year of a liver biopsy. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and parathyroid hormone were measured from archived samples. Low bone mineral density (BMD) was defined as BMD>/=2 standard deviations lower than age-, sex- and race-matched controls (Z-score </=-2.0) at the total hip, femoral neck or lumbar spine. Histological fibrosis staging was assessed according to the METAVIR system (0 [no fibrosis] to 4 [cirrhosis]). RESULTS: The cohort was 87% African-American and 63% male. The median age (IQR) was 49.9 years (46.5-53.3). A total of 89% had a CD4(+) T-cell count >200 cells/mm(3) and 64% were receiving HAART. The median 25OHD was 19 ng/ml (IQR 11.0-26.0). Hypovitaminosis D (25OHD</=1
10.3851/IMP2264
22910231
PMC3790468
African Americans *Bone Density *Coinfection Female HIV Infections/*complications Hepatitis C/*complications Humans Liver Cirrhosis/*complications Male Middle Aged Prevalence Risk Factors Vitamin D Deficiency/*complications/*epidemiology
El-Maouche D, Mehta SH, Sutcliffe CG, Higgins Y, Torbenson MS, Moore RD, Thomas DL, Sulkowski MS, Brown TT (2013). Vitamin D deficiency and its relation to bone mineral density and liver fibrosis in HIV-HCV coinfection. Antivir Ther, 18(2), 237-42. PMC3790468
Journal Article
NIHMS518663
Atypical autonomic regulation, auditory processing, and affect recognition in women with HIV
Biol Psychol
2013
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23792136
This study examined the effect of HIV on visceromotor (i.e., heart rate and heart rate variability) and somatomotor (i.e., auditory processing and affect recognition) components of a Social Engagement System defined by the Polyvagal Theory (Porges, 1995) that links vagal regulation of the heart with brainstem regulation of the striated muscles of the face and head. Relative to at risk HIV-seronegative women, HIV-seropositive women had less heart rate variability (i.e., respiratory sinus arrhythmia) and had poorer performance on auditory processing and affect recognition tasks. CD4 was negatively correlated with the accuracy to detect specific emotions. The observed indices of atypical autonomic and behavioral regulation may contribute to greater difficulties in social behavior and social communication between HIV-infected women and other individuals in their social network.
10.1016/j.biopsycho.2013.06.003
23792136
PMC3742727
Adult Analysis of Variance Arrhythmia, Sinus/etiology Auditory Pathways/*physiopathology Autonomic Nervous System/*physiopathology Cognition Disorders/etiology Female HIV Infections/*complications Heart Rate/physiology Humans Memory Disorders/*etiology Middle Aged Neuropsychological Tests Reaction Time Recognition, Psychology/*physiology Respiration Retrospective Studies Statistics as Topic Vocabulary Young Adult Affect recognition Auditory processing Hiv Heart rate Heart rate variability Polyvagal Theory Respiratory sinus arrhythmia Women
Heilman KJ, Harden ER, Weber KM, Cohen M, Porges SW (2013). Atypical autonomic regulation, auditory processing, and affect recognition in women with HIV. Biol Psychol, 94(1), 143-51. PMC3742727
Journal Article
MicroRNA regulation and its effects on cellular transcriptome in human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infected individuals with distinct viral load and CD4 cell counts
BMC Infect Dis
2013
30-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23721325
BACKGROUND: Disease progression in the absence of therapy varies significantly in HIV-1 infected individuals. Both viral and host cellular molecules are implicated; however, the exact role of these factors and/or the mechanism involved remains elusive. To understand how microRNAs (miRNAs), which are regulators of transcription and translation, influence host cellular gene expression (mRNA) during HIV-1 infection, we performed a comparative miRNA and mRNA microarray analysis using PBMCs obtained from infected individuals with distinct viral load and CD4 counts. METHODS: RNA isolated from PBMCs obtained from HIV-1 seronegative and HIV-1 positive individuals with distinct viral load and CD4 counts were assessed for miRNA and mRNA profile. Selected miRNA and mRNA transcripts were validated using in vivo and in vitro infection model. RESULTS: Our results indicate that HIV-1 positive individuals with high viral load (HVL) showed a dysregulation of 191 miRNAs and 309 mRNA transcripts compared
10.1186/1471-2334-13-250
23721325
PMC3680326
Adult Aged *CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cluster Analysis Cytokines/analysis/metabolism Gene Expression Profiling Gene Expression Regulation Gene Regulatory Networks HIV Infections/*genetics/immunology/metabolism HIV-1/*isolation & purification Host-Pathogen Interactions Humans Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism MicroRNAs/*analysis/genetics/metabolism Middle Aged RNA, Messenger/*analysis/genetics/metabolism Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Reproducibility of Results Statistics, Nonparametric Transcriptome Viral Load
Duskova K, Nagilla P, Le HS, Iyer P, Thalamuthu A, Martinson J, Bar-Joseph Z, Buchanan W, Rinaldo C, Ayyavoo V (2013). MicroRNA regulation and its effects on cellular transcriptome in human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infected individuals with distinct viral load and CD4 cell counts. BMC Infect Dis, 13(), 250. PMC3680326
Journal Article
The interaction between smoking status and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) use on the risk of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) in a cohort of HIV-infected men
Br J Cancer
2013
2/19/2013
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23422755
Background:Although the independent effects of smoking status and HAART are reported as lower risks against KS, their combined effects have not been explored. We examined whether there is an interaction between smoking status and HAART use on the risk of KS development in an on-going US cohort of HIV-infected men.Methods:Cox proportional hazards regression was used to analyse a total sample of 2736 participants of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS).Results:We identified 530 incident KS cases with a total follow-up time of 26 594 person-years (incidence rate: 2.00 out of 100 person-years). Current smoking status and HAART use were independently associated with a lower risk of KS development (hazard ratio - HR=0.56, 95% CI: 0.35-0.90, P=0.02 and HR=0.27, 95% CI: 0.16-0.48, P<0.0001, respectively). There was no evidence of multiplicative interaction between current smoking status and HAART use on KS risk (HR=2.14, 95% CI: 0.97-4.73, P(interaction)=0.06). Lower effect of smoking was
10.1038/bjc.2013.75
23422755
PMC3619085
AIDS cancer cohort Cohort Studies cohort study effects epidemiology genetics health Human multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Public Health Risk study therapies therapy Time
Luu HN, Amirian ES, Scheurer ME (2013). The interaction between smoking status and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) use on the risk of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) in a cohort of HIV-infected men. Br J Cancer, (), . PMC3619085
Journal Article
Temporal stability of serum concentrations of cytokines and soluble receptors measured across two years in low-risk HIV-seronegative men
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
2013
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23983237
BACKGROUND: Prospective cohort studies often quantify serum immune biomarkers at a single time point to determine risk of cancer and other chronic diseases that develop years later. Estimates of the within-person temporal stability of serum markers partly assess the utility of single biomarker measurements and may have important implications for the design of prospective studies of chronic disease risk. METHODS: Using archived sera collected from 200 HIV-seronegative men at three visits spaced over approximately 2 years, concentrations of 14 biomarkers (ApoA1, sCD14, sgp130, sIL-6R, sIL-2Ralpha, sTNFR2, BAFF/BLyS, CXCL13, IFN-gamma, interleukin [IL]-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-alpha) were measured in a single laboratory. Age- and ethnicity-adjusted intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated for each biomarker, and mixed linear regression models were used to examine the influence of age, ethnicity, season, and study site on biomarker concentrations. RESULTS: Across
10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-13-0379
23983237
PMC3829469
Adult Biomarkers/blood Cohort Studies Cytokines/*blood HIV Infections/*blood/epidemiology *HIV Seronegativity Homosexuality, Male Humans Male Middle Aged Prospective Studies United States/epidemiology Young Adult
Epstein MM, Breen EC, Magpantay L, Detels R, Lepone L, Penugonda S, Bream JH, Jacobson LP, Martínez-Maza O, Birmann BM (2013). Temporal stability of serum concentrations of cytokines and soluble receptors measured across two years in low-risk HIV-seronegative men. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 22(11), 2009-15. PMC3829469
Journal Article
Serum biomarkers of immune activation and subsequent risk of non-hodgkin B-cell lymphoma among HIV-infected women
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
2013
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24045923
BACKGROUND: There is increasing evidence that chronic immune activation predisposes to non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Whether this association exists among women representative of the current HIV epidemic in the United States who are at high risk of HIV-associated NHL (AIDS-NHL), remains to be determined. METHODS: We conducted a nested case-control study within the Women's Interagency HIV Study with longitudinally collected risk factor data and sera. Cases were HIV-infected women with stored sera collected at three time-windows 3 to 5 years, 1 to 3 years, and 0 to 1 year before AIDS-NHL diagnosis (n = 22). Three to six HIV-infected controls, without AIDS-NHL, were matched to each case on age, race, CD4(+) T-cell count, and study follow-up time (n = 78). ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between one unit increase in log-transformed biomarker levels and AIDS-NHL were computed using random effect multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS: Elevated levels of sCD
10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-13-0614
24045923
PMC3833437
Adult B-Lymphocytes/immunology Biomarkers, Tumor/blood/*immunology Case-Control Studies Female HIV Infections/blood/*immunology Humans Longitudinal Studies Lymphocyte Activation Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/blood/immunology Lymphoma, B-Cell/blood/*immunology/*virology Middle Aged Prospective Studies
Hussain SK, Hessol NA, Levine AM, Breen EC, Anastos K, Cohen M, D'Souza G, Gustafson DR, Silver S, Martínez-Maza O (2013). Serum biomarkers of immune activation and subsequent risk of non-hodgkin B-cell lymphoma among HIV-infected women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 22(11), 2084-93. PMC3833437
Journal Article
Serum levels of the chemokine CXCL13, genetic variation in CXCL13 and its receptor CXCR5, and HIV-associated non-hodgkin B-cell lymphoma risk
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
2013
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23250934
BACKGROUND: CXCL13 and CXCR5 are a chemokine and receptor pair whose interaction is critical for naive B-cell trafficking and activation within germinal centers. We sought to determine whether CXCL13 levels are elevated before HIV-associated non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma (AIDS-NHL), and whether polymorphisms in CXCL13 or CXCR5 are associated with AIDS-NHL risk and CXCL13 levels in a large cohort of HIV-infected men. METHODS: CXCL13 levels were measured in sera from 179 AIDS-NHL cases and 179 controls at three time-points. TagSNPs in CXCL13 (n = 16) and CXCR5 (n = 11) were genotyped in 183 AIDS-NHL cases and 533 controls. OR and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the associations between one unit increase in log CXCL13 levels and AIDS-NHL, as well as tagSNP genotypes and AIDS-NHL, were computed using logistic regression. Mixed linear regression was used to estimate mean ratios (MR) for the association between tagSNPs and CXCL13 levels. RESULTS: CXCL13 levels were elevated for more than 3 y
10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-12-1122
23250934
PMC3703445
Adult Aged Biomarkers, Tumor/blood/*genetics Case-Control Studies Chemokine CXCL13/*blood/*genetics Follow-Up Studies HIV Infections/blood/*diagnosis/etiology Humans Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/blood/*diagnosis/etiology Lymphoma, B-Cell/blood/*diagnosis/etiology Male Middle Aged Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/*genetics Prognosis Prospective Studies Receptors, CXCR5/*genetics Risk Factors Young Adult
Hussain SK, Zhu W, Chang SC, Breen EC, Vendrame E, Magpantay L, Widney D, Conn D, Sehl M, Jacobson LP, Bream JH, Wolinsky S, Rinaldo CR, Ambinder RF, Detels R, Zhang ZF, Martínez-Maza O (2013). Serum levels of the chemokine CXCL13, genetic variation in CXCL13 and its receptor CXCR5, and HIV-associated non-hodgkin B-cell lymphoma risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 22(2), 295-307. PMC3703445
Journal Article
Trends and disparities in antiretroviral therapy initiation and virologic suppression among newly treatment-eligible HIV-infected individuals in North America, 2001-2009
Clin Infect Dis
2013
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23315317
BACKGROUND: Since the mid-1990s, effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens have improved in potency, tolerability, ease of use, and class diversity. We sought to examine trends in treatment initiation and resulting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) virologic suppression in North America between 2001 and 2009, and demographic and geographic disparities in these outcomes. METHODS: We analyzed data on HIV-infected individuals newly clinically eligible for ART (ie, first reported CD4+ count<350 cells/microL or AIDS-defining illness, based on treatment guidelines during the study period) from 17 North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design cohorts. Outcomes included timely ART initiation (within 6 months of eligibility) and virologic suppression (</=500 copies/mL, within 1 year). We examined time trends and considered differences by geographic location, age, sex, transmission risk, race/ethnicity, CD4+ count, and viral load, and documented psychosocial barriers to
10.1093/cid/cit003
23315317
PMC3657490
Adolescent Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use Canada Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/virology *Healthcare Disparities Humans Incidence Male Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis Proportional Hazards Models Treatment Outcome United States Viral Load Young Adult
Hanna DB, Buchacz K, Gebo KA, Hessol NA, Horberg MA, Jacobson LP, Kirk GD, Kitahata MM, Korthuis PT, Moore RD, Napravnik S, Patel P, Silverberg MJ, Sterling TR, Willig JH, Lau B, Althoff KN, Crane HM, Collier AC, Samji H, Thorne JE, Gill MJ, Klein MB, Martin JN, Rodriguez B, Rourke SB, Gange SJ; North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD) of the International Epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS (2013). Trends and disparities in antiretroviral therapy initiation and virologic suppression among newly treatment-eligible HIV-infected individuals in North America, 2001-2009. Clin Infect Dis, 56(8), 1174-82. PMC3657490
Journal Article
Patterns and causes of suboptimal response to tenofovir-based therapy in individuals coinfected with HIV and hepatitis B virus
Clin Infect Dis
2013
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23315316
BACKGROUND: Tenofovir (TDF) is effective for treatment of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection; however, some individuals have ongoing HBV viremia, the reasons for which are unclear. We determined the patterns and factors associated with detectable HBV DNA in HIV-HBV-coinfected subjects on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). METHODS: One hundred sixty-five HIV-HBV-coinfected individuals from the United States, Australia, and Thailand, the majority of whom were on HAART at study entry, were prospectively followed semiannually for a median of 2.8 years. Logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with detectable HBV DNA. RESULTS: Anti-HBV regimens were TDF/emtricitabine (57%), lamivudine or emtricitabine (19%), or TDF monotherapy (13%). During follow-up, HBV DNA was detected at 21% of study visits and was independently associated with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), HAART <2 years, CD4 <200 cells/mm(3), detectable HIV RNA, repo
10.1093/cid/cit002
23315316
PMC3693490
Adenine/administration & dosage/*analogs & derivatives Adult Aged Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/methods Antiviral Agents/*administration & dosage Australia Coinfection/*drug therapy DNA, Viral/blood Deoxycytidine/administration & dosage/analogs & derivatives Emtricitabine Female HIV Infections/*complications/*drug therapy Hepatitis B virus/isolation & purification Hepatitis B, Chronic/*complications/*drug therapy Humans Male Medication Adherence Middle Aged Organophosphonates/*administration & dosage Tenofovir Thailand Treatment Failure United States
Matthews GV, Seaberg EC, Avihingsanon A, Bowden S, Dore GJ, Lewin SR, Sasadeusz J, Revill PA, Littlejohn M, Hoy JF, Finlayson R, Ruxrungtham K, Saulynas M, Locarnini S, Thio CL (2013). Patterns and causes of suboptimal response to tenofovir-based therapy in individuals coinfected with HIV and hepatitis B virus. Clin Infect Dis, 56(9), e87-94. PMC3693490
Journal Article
Contribution of genetic background, traditional risk factors, and HIV-related factors to coronary artery disease events in HIV-positive persons
Clin Infect Dis
2013
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23532479
BACKGROUND: Persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have increased rates of coronary artery disease (CAD). The relative contribution of genetic background, HIV-related factors, antiretroviral medications, and traditional risk factors to CAD has not been fully evaluated in the setting of HIV infection. METHODS: In the general population, 23 common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were shown to be associated with CAD through genome-wide association analysis. Using the Metabochip, we genotyped 1875 HIV-positive, white individuals enrolled in 24 HIV observational studies, including 571 participants with a first CAD event during the 9-year study period and 1304 controls matched on sex and cohort. RESULTS: A genetic risk score built from 23 CAD-associated SNPs contributed significantly to CAD (P = 2.9 x 10(-4)). In the final multivariable model, participants with an unfavorable genetic background (top genetic score quartile) had a CAD odds ratio (OR) of 1.47 (95% confi
10.1093/cid/cit196
23532479
PMC3669528
Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Coronary Artery Disease/*epidemiology/*genetics Female *Genetic Predisposition to Disease HIV Infections/*complications Humans Male Middle Aged Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide Risk Factors Young Adult HIV infection antiretroviral therapy coronary artery disease genetics traditional risk factors
Rotger M, Glass TR, Junier T, Lundgren J, Neaton JD, Poloni ES, van 't Wout AB, Lubomirov R, Colombo S, Martinez R, Rauch A, Günthard HF, Neuhaus J, Wentworth D, van Manen D, Gras LA, Schuitemaker H, Albini L, Torti C, Jacobson LP, Li X, Kingsley LA, Carli F, Guaraldi G, Ford ES, Sereti I, Hadigan C, Martinez E, Arnedo M, Egaña-Gorroño L, Gatell JM, Law M, Bendall C, Petoumenos K, Rockstroh J, Wasmuth JC, Kabamba K, Delforge M, De Wit S, Berger F, Mauss S, de Paz Sierra M, Losso M, Belloso WH, Leyes M, Campins A, Mondi A, De Luca A, Bernardino I, Barriuso-Iglesias M, Torrecilla-Rodriguez A, Gonzalez-Garcia J, Arribas JR, Fanti I, Gel S, Puig J, Negredo E, Gutierrez M, Domingo P, Fischer J, Fätkenheuer G, Alonso-Villaverde C, Macken A, Woo J, McGinty T, Mallon P, Mangili A, Skinner S, Wanke CA, Reiss P, Weber R, Bucher HC, Fellay J, Telenti A, Tarr PE; MAGNIFICENT Consortium; INSIGHT; Swiss HIV Cohort Study (2013). Contribution of genetic background, traditional risk factors, and HIV-related factors to coronary artery disease events in HIV-positive persons. Clin Infect Dis, 57(1), 112-21. PMC3669528
Journal Article
Predictors of the isolated hepatitis B core antibody pattern in HIV-infected and -uninfected men in the multicenter AIDS cohort study
Clin Infect Dis
2013
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23090927
BACKGROUND: The significance of hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) without hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) or hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) is unclear. METHODS: This cohort study included men enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort to determine clinical and laboratory predictors of isolated anti-HBc. RESULTS: A total of 2286 subjects (51% human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]-infected) were followed over 3.9 years. Overall, 16.9% (387) had at least 1 visit with isolated anti-HBc. The isolated anti-HBc pattern was stable 84% of the time, and transitioned to or from a pattern of past infection (anti-HBc and anti-HBs). Isolated anti-HBc was associated with HIV infection (odds ratio [OR], 2.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.73-2.79) and hepatitis C virus (HCV; OR, 4.21; 95% CI; 2.99-5.91). The HCV association was stronger for chronic HCV infection (OR, 6.76; 95% CI, 5.08-8.99) than for cleared HCV (OR, 3.03; 95% CI, 1.83-5.03). HIV infection, chronic HCV, and cleared HCV inf
10.1093/cid/cis908
23090927
PMC3552525
Adult CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Coinfection HIV Infections/drug therapy/*immunology/virology Hepatitis B/drug therapy/*immunology/virology Hepatitis B Antibodies/*blood Hepatitis B Core Antigens/*immunology Humans Male Middle Aged Predictive Value of Tests Serologic Tests
Witt MD, Lewis RJ, Rieg G, Seaberg EC, Rinaldo CR, Thio CL (2013). Predictors of the isolated hepatitis B core antibody pattern in HIV-infected and -uninfected men in the multicenter AIDS cohort study. Clin Infect Dis, 56(4), 606-12. PMC3552525
Journal Article
Incident hepatitis C virus infection in men who have sex with men: a prospective cohort analysis, 1984-2011
Clin Infect Dis
2013
Jul-13
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23532480
Background Prospective characterization of hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission in both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and -uninfected men who have sex with men (MSM) over the entire HIV epidemic has not been comprehensively conducted. Methods To determine the trends in and risk factors associated with incident HCV in MSM since 1984, 5310 HCV antibody (anti-HCV)-negative MSM in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study were prospectively followed during 1984-2011 for anti-HCV seroconversion. Results During 55 343 person-years (PYs) of follow-up, there were 115 incident HCV infections (incidence rate, 2.08/1000 PYs) scattered throughout the study period. In a multivariable analysis with time-varying covariates, older age (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 1.40/10 years, P < .001), enrollment in the later (2001-2003) recruitment period (IRR, 3.80, P = .001), HIV infection (IRR, 5.98, P < .001), drinking >13 alcoholic drinks per week (IRR, 1.68, P < .001), hepatitis B surface antigen posit
10.1093/cid/cit197
23532480
PMC3669529
age AIDS anal intercourse analysis Antibodies antibody antiretroviral therapy CD4 cells cohort Cohort Studies cohort study epidemic follow-up hepatitis Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Hiv HIV infection Human human immunodeficiency virus immunodeficiency Incidence infection infections Los Angeles Male methods MSM multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study recruitment Risk Risk Factors seroconversion sex study Syphilis t cell t-cells therapies therapy transmission trends United States virus
Witt MD, Seaberg EC, Darilay A, Young S, Badri S, Rinaldo CR, Jacobson LP, Detels R, Thio CL (2013). Incident hepatitis C virus infection in men who have sex with men: a prospective cohort analysis, 1984-2011. Clin Infect Dis, 57(1), 77-84. PMC3669529
Journal Article
Incidence and timing of cancer in HIV-infected individuals following initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy
Clin Infect Dis
2013
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23735330
BACKGROUND: Cancer is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but patterns of cancer incidence after combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation remain poorly characterized. METHODS: We evaluated the incidence and timing of cancer diagnoses among patients initiating ART between 1996 and 2011 in a collaboration of 8 US clinical HIV cohorts. Poisson regression was used to estimate incidence rates. Cox regression was used to identify demographic and clinical characteristics associated with cancer incidence after ART initiation. RESULTS: At initiation of first combination ART among 11 485 patients, median year was 2004 (interquartile range [IQR], 2000-2007) and median CD4 count was 202 cells/mm(3) (IQR, 61-338). Incidence rates for Kaposi sarcoma (KS) and lymphomas were highest in the first 6 months after ART initiation (P < .001) and plateaued thereafter, while incidence rates for all other cancers combined inc
10.1093/cid/cit369
23735330
PMC3739467
Adult Anti-Retroviral Agents/*therapeutic use Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*methods Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/*complications/*drug therapy Humans Incidence Male Middle Aged Neoplasms/*epidemiology Time Factors United States/epidemiology AIDS-defining cancer HIV-associated malignancies combination antiretroviral therapy non-AIDS-defining cancer
Yanik EL, Napravnik S, Cole SR, Achenbach CJ, Gopal S, Olshan A, Dittmer DP, Kitahata MM, Mugavero MJ, Saag M, Moore RD, Mayer K, Mathews WC, Hunt PW, Rodriguez B, Eron JJ (2013). Incidence and timing of cancer in HIV-infected individuals following initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis, 57(5), 756-64. PMC3739467
Journal Article
Acute HIV-1 seroconversion with an unusual plasma biomarker profile
Clin Vaccine Immunol
2013
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24006141
An unusual case of acute primary HIV-1 infection in a man with a high plasma viral load, a 51-fold increase in C-reactive protein, and antibodies against only gp160 is described. Numerous serum cytokine concentrations were elevated during HIV-1 seroconversion.
10.1128/CVI.00366-13
24006141
PMC3837784
Antibodies, Viral/*blood Biomarkers/*blood C-Reactive Protein/analysis Cytokines/blood HIV Infections/*diagnosis/immunology/virology HIV-1/*isolation & purification Humans Male Middle Aged Plasma/chemistry *Viral Load
Aziz N, Detels R, Martinez-Maza O, Oishi J, Jamieson BD, Witt MD, Butch AW (2013). Acute HIV-1 seroconversion with an unusual plasma biomarker profile. Clin Vaccine Immunol, 20(11), 1774-7. PMC3837784
Journal Article
Value of a quality assessment program in optimizing cryopreservation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in a multicenter study
Clin Vaccine Immunol
2013
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23408528
Cryopreservation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) allows assays of cellular function and phenotype to be performed in batches at a later time on PBMC at a central laboratory to minimize assay variability. The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) is an ongoing prospective study of the natural and treated history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection that stores cryopreserved PBMC from participants two times a year at four study sites. In order to ensure consistent recovery of viable PBMC after cryopreservation, a quality assessment program was implemented and conducted in the MACS over a 6-year period. Every 4 months, recently cryopreserved PBMC from HIV-1-infected and HIV-1-uninfected participants at each MACS site were thawed and evaluated. The median recoveries of viable PBMC for HIV-1-infected and -uninfected participants were 80% and 83%, respectively. Thawed PBMC from both HIV-1-infected and -uninfected participants mounted a strong proliferative response to
10.1128/CVI.00693-12
23408528
PMC3623420
Antigens, CD/analysis Cell Proliferation Cryopreservation/*methods Cytological Techniques/*methods Humans Leukocytes, Mononuclear/*physiology Time Factors
Aziz N, Margolick JB, Detels R, Rinaldo CR, Phair J, Jamieson BD, Butch AW (2013). Value of a quality assessment program in optimizing cryopreservation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in a multicenter study. Clin Vaccine Immunol, 20(4), 590-5. PMC3623420
Journal Article
Macaque paneth cells express lymphoid chemokine CXCL13 and other antimicrobial peptides not previously described as expressed in intestinal crypts
Clin Vaccine Immunol
2013
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23803902
CXCL13 is a constitutively expressed chemokine that controls migration of immune cells to lymphoid follicles. Previously, we found CXCL13 mRNA levels increased in rhesus macaque spleen tissues during AIDS. This led us to examine the levels and locations of CXCL13 by detailed in situ methods in cynomolgus macaque lymphoid and intestinal tissues. Our results revealed that there were distinct localization patterns of CXCL13 mRNA compared to protein in germinal centers. These patterns shifted during the course of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection, with increased mRNA expression within and around follicles during AIDS compared to uninfected or acutely infected animals. Unexpectedly, CXCL13 expression was also found in abundance in Paneth cells in crypts throughout the small intestine. Therefore, we expanded our analyses to include chemokines and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) not previously demonstrated to be expressed by Paneth cells in intestinal tissues. We examined the expres
10.1128/CVI.00651-12
23803902
PMC3754526
Animals Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/*biosynthesis Chemokine CXCL13/*biosynthesis Gene Expression Profiling Intestinal Mucosa/*immunology Intestine, Small/immunology Lymph Nodes/immunology Macaca mulatta Paneth Cells/*immunology Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/*immunology alpha-Defensins/biosynthesis beta-Defensins/biosynthesis
Lucero CM, Fallert Junecko B, Klamar CR, Sciullo LA, Berendam SJ, Cillo AR, Qin S, Sui Y, Sanghavi S, Murphey-Corb MA, Reinhart TA (2013). Macaque paneth cells express lymphoid chemokine CXCL13 and other antimicrobial peptides not previously described as expressed in intestinal crypts. Clin Vaccine Immunol, 20(8), 1320-8. PMC3754526
Journal Article
Pathogenesis of HIV and the lung
Curr HIV/AIDS Rep
2013
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23079728
Antiretroviral therapy has improved longevity for HIV-infected persons, but long-term HIV infection is now complicated by increased rates of chronic medical conditions including pulmonary disorders. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, asthma, and pulmonary hypertension are becoming common comorbidities of HIV infection, and these diseases may develop as a result of HIV-related risk factors, such as antiretroviral drug toxicities, colonization by infectious organisms, HIV viremia, immune activation, or immune dysfunction. It also appears that the ability to control HIV infection does not completely eliminate the risk for infectious complications, such as bacterial pneumonia and tuberculosis. The effect of HIV infection on lung-specific immune responses is being elucidated to help develop better prevention and treatment strategies in HIV-infected persons.
10.1007/s11904-012-0140-x
23079728
PMC3567220
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/drug therapy/microbiology Asthma Chronic Disease HIV Infections/*complications Humans Hypertension, Pulmonary/etiology Lung Diseases/*etiology Lung Neoplasms/etiology Pneumonia/etiology Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/etiology Risk Factors
Gingo MR, Morris A (2013). Pathogenesis of HIV and the lung. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep, 10(1), 42-50. PMC3567220
Journal Article
The natural history of HIV infection
Curr Opin HIV AIDS
2013
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23698562
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To review recent published literature around three areas: long-term nonprogression/viral control; predictors of viral load set point/disease progression; and the potential impact of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in early HIV infection. RECENT FINDINGS: The natural course of untreated HIV infection varies widely with some HIV-positive individuals able to maintain high CD4 cell counts and/or suppressed viral load in the absence of ART. Although similar, the underlying mechanistic processes leading to long-term nonprogression and viral control are likely to differ. Concerted ongoing research efforts will hopefully identify host factors that are causally related to these phenotypes, thus providing opportunities for the development of novel treatment or preventive strategies. Although there is increasing evidence that initiation of ART during primary infection may prevent the immunological deterioration which would otherwise be seen in untreated HIV infection, recent studi
10.1097/COH.0b013e328361fa66
23698562
PMC4196796
Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use Disease Progression HIV Infections/drug therapy/immunology/*pathology/virology Humans
Sabin CA, Lundgren JD (2013). The natural history of HIV infection. Curr Opin HIV AIDS, 8(4), 311-7. PMC4196796
Journal Article
Oral human papillomavirus infection and head and neck cancers in HIV-infected individuals
Curr Opin Oncol
2013
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23852381
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: HIV-infected individuals are living longer due to effective antiretroviral therapy and may therefore have a greater opportunity to develop human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated malignancies. This review describes the risk factors and burden of oral HPV infection and HPV-associated head and neck cancer (HNC) among HIV-infected individuals. RECENT FINDINGS: Oral HPV infection is commonly detected in HIV-infected individuals and is elevated among those with a higher number of lifetime oral sexual partners, current tobacco use and immunosuppression. There are limited data on the natural history of oral HPV, but initial studies suggest that the majority of infections clear within 2 years. Although HIV-infected individuals are at a much higher risk of most HPV-associated cancers than the general population, studies suggest HIV-infected individuals have a more modest 1.5-4-fold greater risk for HPV-associated HNC. SUMMARY: HIV-infected individuals are living longer, have a
10.1097/CCO.0b013e32836242b4
23852381
PMC3896303
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/transmission/*virology Cost of Illness HIV Infections/*complications Head and Neck Neoplasms/*virology Humans Papillomavirus Infections/*complications/transmission Risk Factors
Beachler DC, DʼSouza G (2013). Oral human papillomavirus infection and head and neck cancers in HIV-infected individuals. Curr Opin Oncol, 25(5), 503-10. PMC3896303
Journal Article
Racial/ethnic differences in spontaneous HCV clearance in HIV infected and uninfected women
Dig Dis Sci
2013
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23179159
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Among individuals without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), African Americans have lower spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) than Caucasians, and women have higher clearance than men. Few studies report racial/ethnic differences in acute HCV in HIV infected, or Hispanic women. We examined racial/ethnic differences in spontaneous HCV clearance in a population of HCV mono- and co-infected women. METHODS: We conducted a cross sectional study of HCV seropositive women (897 HIV infected and 168 HIV uninfected) followed in the US multicenter, NIH-funded Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), to determine the association of race/ethnicity with spontaneous HCV clearance, as defined by undetectable HCV RNA at study entry. RESULTS: Among HIV and HCV seropositive women, 18.7 % were HCV RNA negative, 60.9 % were African American, 19.3 % Hispanic and 17.7 % Caucasian. HIV infected African American women were less likely to spontaneously clear HCV than Hispanic (OR 0.5
10.1007/s10620-012-2486-8
23179159
PMC3663918
Adult African Americans/statistics & numerical data Cross-Sectional Studies European Continental Ancestry Group/statistics & numerical data Female HIV Infections/*complications Hepatitis C/*ethnology/virology Hispanic Americans/statistics & numerical data Humans Prospective Studies United States/epidemiology
Sarkar M, Bacchetti P, Tien P, Mileti E, French AL, Edlin BR, Keller M, Seaberg E, Nowicki MJ, Young M, Peters MG (2013). Racial/ethnic differences in spontaneous HCV clearance in HIV infected and uninfected women. Dig Dis Sci, 58(5), 1341-8. PMC3663918
Journal Article
Relation of HLA class I and II supertypes with spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus
Genes Immun
2013
Jul-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23636221
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotype has been associated with the probability of spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV). However, no prior studies have examined whether this relationship may be further characterized by grouping HLA alleles according to their supertypes, defined by their binding capacities. There is debate regarding the most appropriate method to define supertypes. Therefore, previously reported HLA supertypes (46 class I and 25 class II) were assessed for their relation with HCV clearance in a population of 758 HCV-seropositive women. Two HLA class II supertypes were significant in multivariable models that included: (i) supertypes with significant or borderline associations with HCV clearance after adjustment for multiple tests, and (ii) individual HLA alleles not part of these supertypes, but associated with HCV clearance in our prior study in this population. Specifically, supertype DRB3 (prevalence ratio (PR)=0.4; P=0.004) was associated with HCV persis
10.1038/gene.2013.25
23636221
PMC3723800
Female HLA Antigens/classification/genetics/*immunology HLA-B Antigens/genetics/*immunology HLA-DR Serological Subtypes/genetics/*immunology HLA-DRB1 Chains/genetics/*immunology Hepacivirus/*immunology Hepatitis C/genetics/*immunology/virology Humans Multivariate Analysis Review Literature as Topic
Kuniholm MH, Anastos K, Kovacs A, Gao X, Marti D, Sette A, Greenblatt RM, Peters M, Cohen MH, Minkoff H, Gange SJ, Thio CL, Young MA, Xue X, Carrington M, Strickler HD (2013). Relation of HLA class I and II supertypes with spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus. Genes Immun, 14(5), 330-5. PMC3723800
Journal Article
Mean platelet volume is decreased in HIV-infected women
HIV Med
2013
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23738819
OBJECTIVES: HIV infection is associated with higher than expected cardiovascular event rates and lowered platelet counts. These conditions are associated with an elevation of mean platelet volume (MPV). The present study compared MPV in HIV-infected and uninfected women and identified factors influencing MPV values in HIV-infected women. METHODS: A total of 234 HIV-infected and 134 HIV-uninfected participants from the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) had MPV values obtained. HIV-infected women were older, were more likely to have diabetes and had higher triglyceride levels than HIV-uninfected women. RESULTS: The mean platelet count was lower in HIV-infected vs. uninfected women [249 cells/muL (95% confidence interval (CI) 238, 259 cells/muL) vs. 276 cells/muL (95% CI 265, 287 cells/muL), respectively; P < 0.01]. Adjusted mean MPV values were lower in the HIV-infected than in the uninfected group [8.66 fL (95% CI 8.52, 8.79 fL) vs. 9.05 fL (95% CI 8.87, 9.24 fL), respectively]. In m
10.1111/hiv.12048
23738819
PMC3775876
Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/adverse effects Case-Control Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Female HIV Infections/*blood/complications/drug therapy Humans *Mean Platelet Volume Middle Aged Risk Factors United States/epidemiology Hiv Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) mean platelet volume
Qadri S, Holman S, Dehovitz J, Crystal H, Minkoff H, Lazar JM (2013). Mean platelet volume is decreased in HIV-infected women. HIV Med, 14(9), 549-55. PMC3775876
Journal Article
A genome-wide association study of resistance to HIV infection in highly exposed uninfected individuals with hemophilia A
Hum Mol Genet
2013
1-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23372042
Human genetic variation contributes to differences in susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. To search for novel host resistance factors, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in hemophilia patients highly exposed to potentially contaminated factor VIII infusions. Individuals with hemophilia A and a documented history of factor VIII infusions before the introduction of viral inactivation procedures (1979-1984) were recruited from 36 hemophilia treatment centers (HTCs), and their genome-wide genetic variants were compared with those from matched HIV-infected individuals. Homozygous carriers of known CCR5 resistance mutations were excluded. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and inferred copy number variants (CNVs) were tested using logistic regression. In addition, we performed a pathway enrichment analysis, a heritability analysis, and a search for epistatic interactions with CCR5 Delta32 heterozygosity. A total of 560 HIV-uninfected cases were recruited: 36 (6.4%) were h
10.1093/hmg/ddt033
23372042
PMC3613165
Adult DNA Copy Number Variations Disease Resistance/*genetics Epistasis, Genetic Factor VIII/therapeutic use Female Gene Deletion Genetic Predisposition to Disease *Genome-Wide Association Study HIV Infections/*genetics HIV Seropositivity/genetics Hemophilia A/*genetics Heterozygote Homozygote Humans Logistic Models Male Meta-Analysis as Topic Middle Aged Phenotype Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide Prospective Studies Receptors, CCR5/genetics/metabolism
Lane J, McLaren PJ, Dorrell L, Shianna KV, Stemke A, Pelak K, Moore S, Oldenburg J, Alvarez-Roman MT, Angelillo-Scherrer A, Boehlen F, Bolton-Maggs PH, Brand B, Brown D, Chiang E, Cid-Haro AR, Clotet B, Collins P, Colombo S, Dalmau J, Fogarty P, Giangrande P, Gringeri A, Iyer R, Katsarou O, Kempton C, Kuriakose P, Lin J, Makris M, Manco-Johnson M, Tsakiris DA, Martinez-Picado J, Mauser-Bunschoten E, Neff A, Oka S, Oyesiku L, Parra R, Peter-Salonen K, Powell J, Recht M, Shapiro A, Stine K, Talks K, Telenti A, Wilde J, Yee TT, Wolinsky SM, Martinson J, Hussain SK, Bream JH, Jacobson LP, Carrington M, Goedert JJ, Haynes BF, McMichael AJ, Goldstein DB, Fellay J; NIAID Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology (CHAVI) (2013). A genome-wide association study of resistance to HIV infection in highly exposed uninfected individuals with hemophilia A. Hum Mol Genet, 22(9), 1903-10. PMC3613165
Journal Article
The E3-ligase TRIM family of proteins regulates signaling pathways triggered by innate immune pattern-recognition receptors
Immunity
2013
21-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23438823
Innate immunity conferred by the type I interferon is critical for antiviral defense. To date only a limited number of tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins have been implicated in modulation of innate immunity and anti-microbial activity. Here we report the complementary DNA cloning and systematic analysis of all known 75 human TRIMs. We demonstrate that roughly half of the 75 TRIM-family members enhanced the innate immune response and that they do this at multiple levels in signaling pathways. Moreover, messenger RNA levels and localization of most of these TRIMs were found to be altered during viral infection, suggesting that their regulatory activities are highly controlled at both pre- and posttranscriptional levels. Taken together, our data demonstrate a very considerable dedication of this large protein family to the positive regulation of the antiviral response, which supports the notion that this family of proteins evolved as a component of innate immunity.
10.1016/j.immuni.2012.11.013
23438823
PMC3584420
Alternative Splicing Carrier Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/*genetics/immunology Cell Line Cloning, Molecular Gene Expression Profiling Gene Expression Regulation Humans *Immunity, Innate Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology/*metabolism/virology Protein Isoforms/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/immunology RNA, Messenger/*genetics/immunology RNA, Small Interfering/genetics Receptors, Pattern Recognition/*genetics/immunology Rhabdoviridae Infections/immunology/*metabolism/virology Signal Transduction Vesiculovirus/immunology Zinc Fingers/*genetics/immunology
Versteeg GA, Rajsbaum R, Sánchez-Aparicio MT, Maestre AM, Valdiviezo J, Shi M, Inn KS, Fernandez-Sesma A, Jung J, García-Sastre A (2013). The E3-ligase TRIM family of proteins regulates signaling pathways triggered by innate immune pattern-recognition receptors. Immunity, 38(2), 384-98. PMC3584420
Journal Article
NIHMS442469
Structure of tumor necrosis factor-alpha haploblocks in European populations
Immunogenetics
2013
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23579626
DNA variants in the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) and linked lymphotoxin-alpha genes, and specific alleles of the highly polymorphic human leukocyte antigen B (HLA-B) gene have been implicated in a plethora of immune and infectious diseases. However, the tight linkage disequilibrium characterizing the central region of the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) containing these gene loci has made difficult the unequivocal interpretation of genetic association data. To alleviate these difficulties and facilitate the design of more focused follow-up studies, we investigated the structure and distribution of HLA-B-specific MHC haplotypes reconstructed in a European population from unphased genotypes at a set of 25 single nucleotide polymorphism sites spanning a 66-kilobase long region across TNF. Consistent with the published data, we found limited genetic diversity across the so-called TNF block, with the emergence of seven common MHC haplotypes, termed TNF block super-haplotyp
10.1007/s00251-013-0700-2
23579626
PMC3985396
Cohort Studies DEAD-box RNA Helicases/genetics Disease Progression European Continental Ancestry Group/*genetics Genetic Predisposition to Disease Genetic Variation HIV Infections/genetics HLA-B Antigens/*genetics Haplotypes/genetics Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/genetics Humans Introns/genetics Major Histocompatibility Complex/*genetics Mitochondrial Proteins/genetics *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/*genetics Vacuolar Proton-Translocating ATPases/genetics
Merino AM, Zhang K, Kaslow RA, Aissani B (2013). Structure of tumor necrosis factor-alpha haploblocks in European populations. Immunogenetics, 65(7), 543-52. PMC3985396
Journal Article
Variation in human beta-defensin genes: new insights from a multi-population study
Int J Immunogenet
2013
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23194186
Human beta-defensin 2 (hBD-2) and hBD-3, encoded by DEFB4 and DEFB103A, respectively, have shown anti-HIV activity, and both genes exhibit copy number variation (CNV). Although the role of hBD-1, encoded by DEFB1, in HIV-1 infection is less clear, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DEFB1 may influence viral loads and disease progression. We examined the distribution of DEFB1 SNPs and DEFB4/103A CNV, and the relationship between DEFB1 SNPs and DEFB4/103A CNV using samples from two HIV/AIDS cohorts from the United States (n = 150) and five diverse populations from the Coriell Cell Repositories (n = 46). We determined the frequencies of 10 SNPs in DEFB1 using a post-PCR, oligonucleotide ligation detection reaction-fluorescent microsphere assay, and CNV in DEFB4/103A by real-time quantitative PCR. There were noticeable differences in the frequencies of DEFB1 SNP alleles and haplotypes among various racial/ethnic groups. The DEFB4/103A copy numbers varied from 2 to 8 (median, 4), and
10.1111/iji.12021
23194186
PMC3664661
Cohort Studies DNA Copy Number Variations/*genetics Gene Frequency/genetics Genetic Predisposition to Disease Genotype HIV Infections/*genetics Haplotypes/genetics Humans Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide beta-Defensins/*genetics
Mehlotra RK, Zimmerman PA, Weinberg A, Jurevic RJ (2013). Variation in human beta-defensin genes: new insights from a multi-population study. Int J Immunogenet, 40(4), 261-9. PMC3664661
Journal Article
Invasive cervical cancer risk among HIV-infected women: a North American multicohort collaboration prospective study
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2013
1-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23254153
OBJECTIVE: HIV infection and low CD4+ T-cell count are associated with an increased risk of persistent oncogenic human papillomavirus infection-the major risk factor for cervical cancer. Few reported prospective cohort studies have characterized the incidence of invasive cervical cancer (ICC) in HIV-infected women. METHODS: Data were obtained from HIV-infected and -uninfected female participants in the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design with no history of ICC at enrollment. Participants were followed from study entry or January 1996 through ICC, loss to follow-up, or December 2010. The relationship of HIV infection and CD4+ T-cell count with risk of ICC was assessed using age-adjusted Poisson regression models and standardized incidence ratios. All cases were confirmed by cancer registry records and/or pathology reports. Cervical cytology screening history was assessed through medical record abstraction. RESULTS: A total of 13,690 HIV-infected and 12,021 HI
10.1097/QAI.0b013e31828177d7
23254153
PMC3633634
Adult Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/*complications/epidemiology Humans Mass Screening Neoplasm Invasiveness North America/epidemiology Risk Factors Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/*complications/diagnosis/epidemiology
Abraham AG, D'Souza G, Jing Y, Gange SJ, Sterling TR, Silverberg MJ, Saag MS, Rourke SB, Rachlis A, Napravnik S, Moore RD, Klein MB, Kitahata MM, Kirk GD, Hogg RS, Hessol NA, Goedert JJ, Gill MJ, Gebo KA, Eron JJ, Engels EA, Dubrow R, Crane HM, Brooks JT, Bosch RJ, Strickler HD; North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design of IeDEA (2013). Invasive cervical cancer risk among HIV-infected women: a North American multicohort collaboration prospective study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 62(4), 405-13. PMC3633634
Journal Article
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in TrkB and risk for depression: findings from the women's interagency HIV study
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2013
1-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24047966
Individuals infected with HIV type 1 are more likely than noninfected individuals to develop depression. HIV lowers brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neurotrophic factor whose receptors play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of depression. Therefore, we examined whether a single-nucleotide polymorphism in the BDNF gene (rs56164415) and related receptors TrkB (rs1212171) and p75 (rs2072446) were associated with depression in HIV-infected individuals. A total of 1365 HIV-positive and 371 HIV-negative female subjects were included. The distribution of alleles was analyzed independently in African Americans (non-Hispanic) and Caucasians (non-Hispanic). We have found that the absence of depressive symptoms in HIV-positive subjects is associated with a genetic variation of the TrkB but not with BDNF or p75 genes. This mutation explains 0.8% and 4.4% of the variability for the absence of depression in African Americans and Caucasians, respectively.
10.1097/QAI.0b013e3182a468e9
24047966
PMC3780967
African Americans/genetics Alleles Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/genetics/metabolism Depressive Disorder/*genetics European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics Female *Genetic Association Studies Genotype HIV Infections/*complications Humans Middle Aged Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics/metabolism Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/*genetics Receptor, trkB/*genetics/metabolism Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/genetics/metabolism Risk Factors Women's Health
Avdoshina V, Mocchetti I, Liu C, Young MA, Anastos K, Cohen M, Crystal H, Pearce CL, Golub ET, Tractenberg RE (2013). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in TrkB and risk for depression: findings from the women's interagency HIV study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 64(2), 138-41. PMC3780967
Journal Article
HIV infection is associated with reduced pulmonary diffusing capacity
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2013
1-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23979001
INTRODUCTION: Prior studies comparing abnormalities in pulmonary function between HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected persons in the current era are limited. OBJECTIVES: To determine the pattern and severity of impairment in pulmonary function in HIV-infected compared with HIV-uninfected individuals. METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis of 300 HIV-infected men and 289 HIV-uninfected men enrolled from 2009 to 2011 in 2 clinical centers of the Lung HIV Study. Participants completed pre- and postbronchodilator spirometry, diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) measurement, and standardized questionnaires. RESULTS: Most participants had normal airflow; 18% of HIV-infected and 16% of HIV-uninfected men had airflow obstruction. The mean percent predicted DLCO was 69% in HIV-infected vs. 76% in HIV-uninfected men (P < 0.001). A moderately to severely reduced DLCO of </=60% was observed in 30% of HIV-infected compared with 18% of HIV-uninfected men (P < 0.001), despite the fact tha
10.1097/QAI.0b013e3182a9215a
23979001
PMC3845879
Age Factors CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cough/etiology/*physiopathology Cross-Sectional Studies Dyspnea/etiology/*physiopathology HIV Infections/complications/*physiopathology/virology Humans Longitudinal Studies Male Middle Aged Prevalence *Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/epidemiology/etiology/*physiopathology/virology Respiratory Function Tests Risk Factors Severity of Illness Index Smoking/*adverse effects/epidemiology Surveys and Questionnaires United States/epidemiology Veterans Viral Load
Crothers K, McGinnis K, Kleerup E, Wongtrakool C, Hoo GS, Kim J, Sharafkhaneh A, Huang L, Luo Z, Thompson B, Diaz P, Kirk GD, Rom W, Detels R, Kingsley L, Morris A (2013). HIV infection is associated with reduced pulmonary diffusing capacity. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 64(3), 271-8. PMC3845879
Journal Article
High levels of antiretroviral use and viral suppression among persons in HIV care in the United States, 2010
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2013
1-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23572013
BACKGROUND: Contemporary data on patterns of antiretroviral therapy (ART) use in the United States are needed to inform efforts to improve the HIV care cascade. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of patients in the Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems cohort who were in HIV care in 2010 to assess ART use and outcomes, stratified by nadir CD4 count (</=350, 351-500, or >500 cells/mm), demographics, psychiatric diagnoses, substance use, and engagement in continuous care (>/=2 visits >/=3 months apart in 2010). RESULTS: Of 8633 patients at 7 sites who had >/=1 medical visit and >/=1 viral load in 2010, 94% had ever initiated ART, 89% were on ART, and 70% had an undetectable viral load at the end of 2010. Fifty percent of ART-naive patients had nadir CD4 counts >500 cells per cubic millimeter, but this group comprised just 3% of the total population. Among patients who were ART naive at the time of cohort entry (N = 4637), both ART initiation and vira
10.1097/QAI.0b013e3182945bc7
23572013
PMC3691075
Adolescent Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cross-Sectional Studies Drug Administration Schedule Female HIV/drug effects/*physiology HIV Infections/*drug therapy/immunology/*virology Humans Male Middle Aged RNA, Viral/blood United States Viral Load Young Adult
Dombrowski JC, Kitahata MM, Van Rompaey SE, Crane HM, Mugavero MJ, Eron JJ, Boswell SL, Rodriguez B, Mathews WC, Martin JN, Moore RD, Golden MR (2013). High levels of antiretroviral use and viral suppression among persons in HIV care in the United States, 2010. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 63(3), 299-306. PMC3691075
Journal Article
NIHMS473473
HIV infection is associated with diffusing capacity impairment in women
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2013
1-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23979000
Respiratory dysfunction is common with HIV infection, but few studies have directly assessed whether HIV remains an independent risk factor for pulmonary function abnormalities in the antiretroviral therapy era. Additionally, few studies have focused on pulmonary outcomes in HIV+ women. We tested associations between risk factors for respiratory dysfunction and pulmonary outcomes in 63 HIV+ and 36 HIV-uninfected women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Diffusing capacity (DL(CO)) was significantly lower in HIV+ women (65.5% predicted vs. 72.7% predicted, P = 0.01), and self-reported dyspnea in HIV+ participants was associated with both DL(CO) impairment and airflow obstruction. Providers should be aware that DL(CO) impairment is common in HIV infection, and that either DL(CO) impairment or airflow obstruction may cause respiratory symptoms in this population.
10.1097/QAI.0b013e3182a9213a
23979000
PMC3857225
Adult CD4 Lymphocyte Count Dyspnea/etiology/*physiopathology/virology Female HIV Infections/complications/*physiopathology Humans Middle Aged Prevalence *Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity Respiratory Insufficiency/etiology/*physiopathology/virology Risk Factors Smoking/adverse effects Spirometry United States/epidemiology
Fitzpatrick ME, Gingo MR, Kessinger C, Lucht L, Kleerup E, Greenblatt RM, Claman D, Ponath C, Fong S, Huang L, Morris A (2013). HIV infection is associated with diffusing capacity impairment in women. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 64(3), 284-8. PMC3857225
Journal Article
Higher quality communication and relationships are associated with improved patient engagement in HIV care
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2013
1-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23591637
Patient retention in HIV care may be influenced by patient-provider interactions. In an urban, academic HIV clinic, 1363 patients rated the quality of communication and relationships with their providers on 5 domains. We used linear regressions to investigate associations between these 5 domains and appointment adherence. In multivariate analysis, patients kept more appointments if providers treated them with dignity and respect, listened carefully to them, explained in ways they could understand, and knew them as persons. Being involved in decisions was not significantly associated with appointment adherence. Enhancing providers' skills in effective communication and relationship building may improve patient retention in HIV care.
10.1097/QAI.0b013e318295b86a
23591637
PMC3752691
Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/*therapy Humans Male *Patient Compliance Patient-Centered Care *Physician-Patient Relations
Flickinger TE, Saha S, Moore RD, Beach MC (2013). Higher quality communication and relationships are associated with improved patient engagement in HIV care. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 63(3), 362-6. PMC3752691
Journal Article
NIHMS476562
TLR2-activated B cells are phenotypically similar to the abnormal circulating B cells seen preceding the diagnosis of AIDS-related NHL diagnosis
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2013
1-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23722608
BACKGROUND: AIDS-related non-Hodgkin lymphoma (AIDS-NHL) is a common AIDS-defining cancer. Prior studies suggest that chronic B-cell activation precedes AIDS-NHL diagnosis. Activation of B cells by multiple factors, including Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, leads to the expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), a DNA mutating molecule that can contribute to oncogene translocations/mutations, leading to NHL. The goal of this study was to determine whether surface markers expressed on activated and/or germinal center B cells, and AID expression, were elevated on circulating B cells preceding AIDS-NHL and to determine if TLR signaling contributes to this activated B-cell phenotype. METHODS: Stored viable peripheral blood mononuclear cell specimens, obtained before AIDS-NHL diagnosis, were assessed by multicolor flow cytometry. Additionally, B cells isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cell were exposed to TLR ligands in vitro, after which B-cell phenotype was as
10.1097/QAI.0b013e31829d4d50
23722608
PMC3778065
Adult B-Lymphocytes/*immunology/metabolism/*pathology Case-Control Studies Cytidine Deaminase/genetics/metabolism Female Flow Cytometry HIV Infections/complications/*immunology Humans Lymphocyte Activation/*immunology Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/diagnosis/genetics/*immunology Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/complications/genetics/*immunology Male Middle Aged Phenotype Toll-Like Receptor 2/*immunology
Guo Y, Siewe B, Epeldegui M, Detels R, Landay AL, Martínez-Maza O (2013). TLR2-activated B cells are phenotypically similar to the abnormal circulating B cells seen preceding the diagnosis of AIDS-related NHL diagnosis. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 64(2), 204-10. PMC3778065
Journal Article
Plasma and mucosal HIV viral loads are associated with genital tract inflammation in HIV-infected women
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2013
1-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23591635
BACKGROUND: Systemic and mucosal inflammation may play a role in HIV control. A cross-sectional comparison was conducted among women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study to explore the hypothesis that compared with HIV-uninfected participants, women with HIV, and, in particular, those with high plasma viral load (PVL) have increased levels of mucosal and systemic inflammatory mediators and impaired mucosal endogenous antimicrobial activity. METHODS: Nineteen HIV-uninfected, 40 HIV-infected on antiretroviral therapy (ART) with PVL </= 2600 copies/mL (low viral load) (HIV-LVL), and 19 HIV-infected on or off ART with PVL >10,000 (high viral load) (HIV-HVL) were evaluated. Immune mediators and viral RNA were quantified in plasma and cervicovaginal lavage (CVL). The CVL antimicrobial activity was also determined. RESULTS: Compared to HIV-uninfected participants, HIV-HVL women had higher levels of mucosal but not systemic proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, higher Nugent scores, and lo
10.1097/QAI.0b013e3182961cfc
23591635
PMC3706034
Adult Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use CD4 Lymphocyte Count Case-Control Studies Cervix Uteri Chemokines/metabolism Cross-Sectional Studies Cytokines/blood/*metabolism Escherichia coli/growth & development Female HIV Infections/complications/immunology/*virology Humans Middle Aged Mucous Membrane/metabolism/virology RNA, Viral/blood Uterine Cervicitis/*metabolism/virology Vagina Vaginal Douching Vaginitis/*metabolism/virology *Viral Load Virus Shedding
Herold BC, Keller MJ, Shi Q, Hoover DR, Carpenter CA, Huber A, Parikh UM, Agnew KJ, Minkoff H, Colie C, Nowicki MJ, DʼSouza G, Watts DH, Anastos K (2013). Plasma and mucosal HIV viral loads are associated with genital tract inflammation in HIV-infected women. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 63(4), 485-93. PMC3706034
Journal Article
The association between diet and physical activity on insulin resistance in the Women's Interagency HIV Study
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2013
1-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23075914
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the association of diet and physical activity with insulin resistance (IR) in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women. METHODS: Cross-sectional analyses of summary dietary measures and physical activity intensity scores obtained from women enrolled in the San Francisco (n = 113) and Chicago (n = 65) Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) sites. IR was estimated using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). Stepwise regression models assessed the association of diet and physical activity with HOMA-IR after adjustment for demographic, behavioral, and clinical factors. RESULTS: Compared with HIV-uninfected women, HIV-infected women were older and more likely to have health insurance. In multivariable analysis including all women, being from San Francisco ( P = 0.005), having a higher mean body mass index (BMI, P < 0.001), and having a higher percent kilocalories from sweets (P = 0.025) were associated with greater HOMA-IR; heavy intensity physical activity (P = 0.0
10.1097/QAI.0b013e318275d6a4
23075914
PMC3529765
Adult Chicago Diet/*methods Female HIV Infections/*complications Humans *Insulin Resistance Middle Aged *Motor Activity San Francisco
Hessol NA, Ameli N, Cohen MH, Urwin S, Weber KM, Tien PC (2013). The association between diet and physical activity on insulin resistance in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 62(1), 74-80. PMC3529765
Journal Article
Predictive accuracy of the Veterans Aging Cohort Study index for mortality with HIV infection: a North American cross cohort analysis
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2013
1-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23187941
BACKGROUND: By supplementing an index composed of HIV biomarkers and age (restricted index) with measures of organ injury, the Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS) index more completely reflects risk of mortality. We compare the accuracy of the VACS and restricted indices (1) among subjects outside the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, (2) more than 1-5 years of prior exposure to antiretroviral therapy (ART), and (3) within important patient subgroups. METHODS: We used data from 13 cohorts in the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration (n = 10, 835) limiting analyses to HIV-infected subjects with at least 12 months exposure to ART. Variables included demographic, laboratory (CD4 count, HIV-1 RNA, hemoglobin, platelets, aspartate and alanine transaminase, creatinine, and hepatitis C status), and survival. We used C-statistics and net reclassification improvement (NRI) to test discrimination varying prior ART exposure from 1 to 5 years. We then combined Veterans Affairs Healthcare Syste
10.1097/QAI.0b013e31827df36c
23187941
PMC3619393
Age Factors Alanine Transaminase/blood Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood Biomarkers/*blood CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Creatinine/blood Female HIV Infections/drug therapy/ethnology/immunology/*mortality HIV-1/genetics/immunology Hemoglobins/metabolism Hepatitis C/blood/mortality Humans Kaplan-Meier Estimate Male Middle Aged North America/epidemiology Platelet Count Predictive Value of Tests RNA, Viral/blood Risk Assessment/methods Sex Factors
Justice AC, Modur SP, Tate JP, Althoff KN, Jacobson LP, Gebo KA, Kitahata MM, Horberg MA, Brooks JT, Buchacz K, Rourke SB, Rachlis A, Napravnik S, Eron J, Willig JH, Moore R, Kirk GD, Bosch R, Rodriguez B, Hogg RS, Thorne J, Goedert JJ, Klein M, Gill J, Deeks S, Sterling TR, Anastos K, Gange SJ; NA-ACCORD and VACS Project Teams (2013). Predictive accuracy of the Veterans Aging Cohort Study index for mortality with HIV infection: a North American cross cohort analysis. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 62(2), 149-63. PMC3619393
Journal Article
Association of hepatitis C with markers of hemostasis in HIV-infected and uninfected women in the women's interagency HIV study (WIHS)
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2013
1-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23221984
BACKGROUND: Coinfection with HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) is common. HIV infection and treatment are associated with hypercoagulability; thrombosis in HCV is underinvestigated. Proposed markers of hemostasis in HIV include higher D-dimer, Factor VIII%, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) antigen and lower total Protein S% (TPS) but have not been examined in HCV. We assessed the independent association of HCV with these 4 measures of hemostasis in a multicenter, prospective study of HIV: the Women's Interagency HIV Study. METHODS: We randomly selected 450 HCV-infected (anti-HCV+ with detectable plasma HCV RNA) and 450 HCV-uninfected (anti-HCV-) women. HCV was the main exposure of interest in regression models. RESULTS: Four hundred forty-three HCV+ and 425 HCV- women were included. HCV+ women had higher Factor VIII% (124.4% +/- 3.9% vs. 101.8% +/- 3.7%, P < 0.001) and lower TPS (75.7% +/- 1.1% vs. 84.3% +/- 1.1%, <0.001) than HCV- women, independent of HIV infection and vir
10.1097/QAI.0b013e31827fdd61
23221984
PMC3652915
Adult Biomarkers/analysis Coinfection/*blood Cross-Sectional Studies Factor VIII/analysis Female Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products/analysis HIV Infections/*blood Hemostasis/*physiology Hepatitis C/*blood Humans Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1/blood Prospective Studies Protein S/analysis Regression Analysis United States
Kiefer EM, Shi Q, Hoover DR, Kaplan R, Tracy R, Augenbraun M, Liu C, Nowicki M, Tien PC, Cohen M, Golub ET, Anastos K (2013). Association of hepatitis C with markers of hemostasis in HIV-infected and uninfected women in the women's interagency HIV study (WIHS). J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 62(3), 301-10. PMC3652915
Journal Article
Understanding the disparity: predictors of virologic failure in women using highly active antiretroviral therapy vary by race and/or ethnicity
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2013
1-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23797695
BACKGROUND: Stark racial/ethnic disparities in health outcomes exist among those living with HIV in the United States. One of 3 primary goals of the National HIV/AIDS Strategy is to reduce HIV-related disparities and health inequities. METHODS: Using data from HIV-infected women participating in the Women's Interagency HIV Study from April 2006 to March 2011, we measured virologic failure (HIV RNA >200 copies/mL) after suppression (HIV RNA < 80 copies/mL) on highly active antiretroviral therapy. We identified predictors of virologic failure using discrete time survival analysis and calculated racial/ethnic-specific population-attributable fractions (PAFs). RESULTS: Of 887 eligible women, 408 (46%) experienced virologic failure during the study period. Hispanic and white women had significantly lower hazards of virologic failure than African American women [Hispanic hazard ratio, (HR) = 0.8, 95% confidence interval: (0.6 to 0.9); white HR = 0.7 (0.5 to 0.9)]. The PAF of virologic failur
10.1097/QAI.0b013e3182a095e9
23797695
PMC3816935
Adult African Americans/*statistics & numerical data *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cross-Sectional Studies European Continental Ancestry Group/*statistics & numerical data Female HIV Infections/drug therapy/*ethnology/mortality Healthcare Disparities/*ethnology/statistics & numerical data Hispanic Americans/*statistics & numerical data Humans Medication Adherence/*ethnology/statistics & numerical data Middle Aged Prospective Studies Treatment Outcome United States/epidemiology Viral Load/drug effects Women's Health/*ethnology
McFall AM, Dowdy DW, Zelaya CE, Murphy K, Wilson TE, Young MA, Gandhi M, Cohen MH, Golub ET, Althoff KN; Women's Interagency HIV Study (2013). Understanding the disparity: predictors of virologic failure in women using highly active antiretroviral therapy vary by race and/or ethnicity. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 64(3), 289-98. PMC3816935
Journal Article
HIV and recent illicit drug use interact to affect verbal memory in women
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2013
1-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23392462
OBJECTIVE: HIV infection and illicit drug use are each associated with diminished cognitive performance. This study examined the separate and interactive effects of HIV and recent illicit drug use on verbal memory, processing speed, and executive function in the multicenter Women's Interagency HIV Study. METHODS: Participants included 952 HIV-infected and 443 HIV-uninfected women (mean age = 42.8, 64% African-American). Outcome measures included the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised and the Stroop test. Three drug use groups were compared: recent illicit drug users (cocaine or heroin use in past 6 months, n = 140), former users (lifetime cocaine or heroin use but not in past 6 months, n = 651), and nonusers (no lifetime use of cocaine or heroin, n = 604). RESULTS: The typical pattern of recent drug use was daily or weekly smoking of crack cocaine. HIV infection and recent illicit drug use were each associated with worse verbal learning and memory (P < 0.05). Importantly, there was a
10.1097/QAI.0b013e318289565c
23392462
PMC3628722
Adult African Americans Aged Cocaine-Related Disorders/*complications/psychology Cognition Crack Cocaine/adverse effects Executive Function Female HIV Infections/*complications/psychology Heroin/adverse effects Heroin Dependence/*complications/psychology Humans Illicit Drugs/*adverse effects Memory/*drug effects Middle Aged Sex Factors Verbal Learning/*drug effects Young Adult
Meyer VJ, Rubin LH, Martin E, Weber KM, Cohen MH, Golub ET, Valcour V, Young MA, Crystal H, Anastos K, Aouizerat BE, Milam J, Maki PM (2013). HIV and recent illicit drug use interact to affect verbal memory in women. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 63(1), 67-76. PMC3628722
Journal Article
Tenofovir use and urinary biomarkers among HIV-infected women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS)
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2013
1-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23254151
BACKGROUND: Tenofovir (TDF) has been associated with renal tubular injury. Biomarkers that signal early tubular dysfunction are needed because creatinine rise lags behind TDF-associated kidney dysfunction. We examined several urinary biomarkers to determine if rises accompanying TDF initiation preceded creatinine changes. METHODS: Three urinary biomarkers of tubular impairment--neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), and beta-2-microglobulin (beta2MG)--were measured across 3 time points (one pre-TDF visit and 2 post-TDF visits) in 132 HIV-positive women from the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Women initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) containing TDF were propensity score matched to women initiating HAART without TDF and women not on HAART. RESULTS: There were no differences between groups for NGAL or NAG, but beta2MG was 19 times more likely to be elevated among TDF users at the second post-TDF visit compared with non
10.1097/QAI.0b013e31828175c9
23254151
PMC3692572
Acetylglucosaminidase/*urine Acute-Phase Proteins/*urine Adenine/*analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use Adult Biomarkers/*urine Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/urine Humans Lipocalin-2 Lipocalins/*urine Middle Aged Organophosphonates/*therapeutic use Prospective Studies Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*urine Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/*therapeutic use Tenofovir beta 2-Microglobulin/*urine
Oboho I, Abraham AG, Benning L, Anastos K, Sharma A, Young M, Burian P, Gandhi M, Cohen M, Szczech L (2013). Tenofovir use and urinary biomarkers among HIV-infected women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 62(4), 388-95. PMC3692572
Journal Article
Polymorphisms of the kappa opioid receptor and prodynorphin genes: HIV risk and HIV natural history
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2013
1-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23392455
OBJECTIVE: Studies indicate cross-desensitization between opioid receptors (eg, kappa opioid receptor, OPRK1) and chemokine receptors (eg, CXCR4) involved in HIV infection. Whether gene variants of OPRK1 and its ligand, prodynorphin (PDYN), influence the outcome of HIV therapy was tested. METHODS: Three study points, admission to the Women's Interagency HIV Study, initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), and the most recent visit, were chosen for analysis as crucial events in the clinical history of the HIV patients. Regression analyses of 17 variants of OPRK1 and 11 variants of PDYN with change of viral load (VL) and CD4 count between admission and initiation of HAART and initiation of HAART to the most recent visit to Women's Interagency HIV Study were performed in 598 HIV+ subjects, including African Americans, Hispanics, and Whites. Association with HIV status was done in 1009 subjects. RESULTS: Before HAART, greater VL decline (improvement) in carriers of PDYN I
10.1097/QAI.0b013e318285cd0c
23392455
PMC3625517
African Americans/genetics Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active CD4 Lymphocyte Count European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics HIV Infections/drug therapy/*genetics/*physiopathology/virology HIV-1/pathogenicity Hispanic Americans/genetics Humans Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/*genetics Prognosis Receptors, CXCR4/*genetics Receptors, Opioid, kappa/*genetics Risk Factors Treatment Outcome Viral Load
Proudnikov D, Randesi M, Levran O, Yuferov V, Crystal H, Ho A, Ott J, Kreek MJ (2013). Polymorphisms of the kappa opioid receptor and prodynorphin genes: HIV risk and HIV natural history. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 63(1), 17-26. PMC3625517
Journal Article
Retention among North American HIV-infected persons in clinical care, 2000-2008
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2013
1-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23242158
BACKGROUND: Retention in care is key to improving HIV outcomes. The goal of this study was to describe 'churn' in patterns of entry, exit, and retention in HIV care in the United States and Canada. METHODS: Adults contributing >/=1 CD4 count or HIV-1 RNA (HIV-lab) from 2000 to 2008 in North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design clinical cohorts were included. Incomplete retention was defined as lack of 2 HIV-laboratories (>/=90 days apart) within 12 months, summarized by calendar year. Beta-binomial regression models were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of factors associated with incomplete retention. RESULTS: Among 61,438 participants, 15,360 (25%) with incomplete retention significantly differed in univariate analyses (P < 0.001) from 46,078 (75%) consistently retained by age, race/ethnicity, HIV risk, CD4, antiretroviral therapy use, and country of care (United States vs. Canada). From 2000 to 2004, females (OR = 0.82,
10.1097/QAI.0b013e31827f578a
23242158
PMC3661708
Adult Anti-Retroviral Agents/*therapeutic use Canada Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy Humans Male Middle Aged Patient Compliance/*statistics & numerical data Regression Analysis Risk Factors United States
Rebeiro P, Althoff KN, Buchacz K, Gill J, Horberg M, Krentz H, Moore R, Sterling TR, Brooks JT, Gebo KA, Hogg R, Klein M, Martin J, Mugavero M, Rourke S, Silverberg MJ, Thorne J, Gange SJ; North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (2013). Retention among North American HIV-infected persons in clinical care, 2000-2008. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 62(3), 356-62. PMC3661708
Journal Article
NIHMS431271
Hematologic, hepatic, renal, and lipid laboratory monitoring after initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy in the United States, 2000-2010
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2013
1-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23446495
We assessed laboratory monitoring after combination antiretroviral therapy initiation among 3678 patients in a large US multisite clinical cohort, censoring participants at last clinic visit, combination antiretroviral therapy change, or 3 years. Median days (interquartile range) to first hematologic, hepatic, renal, and lipid tests were 30 (18-53), 31 (19-56), 33 (20-59), and 350 (96-1106), respectively. At 1 year, approximately 80% received more than 2 hematologic, hepatic, and renal tests consistent with guidelines. However, only 40% received 1 or more lipid tests. Monitoring was more frequent in specific subgroups, likely reflecting better clinic attendance or clinician perception of higher susceptibility to toxicities.
10.1097/QAI.0b013e31828d69f1
23446495
PMC3654034
Alanine Transaminase/blood Anti-HIV Agents/*adverse effects/therapeutic use *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood Bilirubin/blood Blood Cell Count Cohort Studies Creatinine/blood *Drug Monitoring Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/metabolism *Hematologic Tests Humans Kidney/*drug effects Lipids/*blood Liver/*drug effects Male United States
Yanik EL, Napravnik S, Ryscavage P, Eron JJ, Koletar SL, Moore RD, Zinski A, Cole SR, Hunt P, Crane HM, Kahn J, Mathews WC, Mayer KH, Taiwo BO; Center for Aids Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems (CNICS) Cohort Study (2013). Hematologic, hepatic, renal, and lipid laboratory monitoring after initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy in the United States, 2000-2010. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 63(2), 216-20. PMC3654034
Journal Article
NIHMS457555
Microvascular Endothelial Dysfunction and Enhanced Thromboxane and Endothelial Contractility in Patients with HIV
J AIDS Clin Res
2013
1-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24967147
11 BACKGROUND: The prevalence of cardiovascular disease is increased with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, but the mechanism is unclear. We hypothesized that HIV increases microvascular reactive oxygen species, thereby impairing endothelial function and enhancing contractility. 12 METHOD: Subcutaneous microarterioles were isolated from gluteal skin biopsies in premenopausal, African American, HIV positive women receiving effective anti-retroviral therapy, but without cardiovascular risk factors except for increased body mass index (n=10) and healthy matched controls (n=10). The arterioles were mounted on myographs, preconstricted and relaxed with acetylcholine for: endothelium-dependent relaxation, endothelium-dependent relaxation factor (nitric oxide synthase-dependent relaxation), endothelium-dependent hyperpolarizing factor (potassium-channel dependent relaxation) and endothelium-independent relaxation (nitroprusside). Contractions were tested to endothelium-dependent c
10.4172/2155-6113.1000267
24967147
PMC4066983
Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) Cardiovascuar disease (CVD) Endothelial dysfunction Endothelin-1 (ET-1) Endothelium-dependent relaxing factor (EDRF) Nitric oxide (NO) Reactive oxygen species (ROS) Thromboxane-prostanoid receptors (TP-Rs)
Wang D, Melancon JK, Verbesey J, Hu H, Liu C, Aslam S, Young M, Wilcox CS (2013). Microvascular Endothelial Dysfunction and Enhanced Thromboxane and Endothelial Contractility in Patients with HIV. J AIDS Clin Res, 4(12), 267. PMC4066983
Journal Article
Exosomes derived from HIV-1-infected cells contain trans-activation response element RNA
J Biol Chem
2013
5-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23661700
Exosomes are nano-sized vesicles produced by healthy and virus-infected cells. Exosomes derived from infected cells have been shown to contain viral microRNAs (miRNAs). HIV-1 encodes its own miRNAs that regulate viral and host gene expression. The most abundant HIV-1-derived miRNA, first reported by us and later by others using deep sequencing, is the trans-activation response element (TAR) miRNA. In this study, we demonstrate the presence of TAR RNA in exosomes from cell culture supernatants of HIV-1-infected cells and patient sera. TAR miRNA was not in Ago2 complexes outside the exosomes but enclosed within the exosomes. We detected the host miRNA machinery proteins Dicer and Drosha in exosomes from infected cells. We report that transport of TAR RNA from the nucleus into exosomes is a CRM1 (chromosome region maintenance 1)-dependent active process. Prior exposure of naive cells to exosomes from infected cells increased susceptibility of the recipient cells to HIV-1 infection. Exosom
10.1074/jbc.M112.438895
23661700
PMC3707700
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/genetics/*metabolism/pathology Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/biosynthesis/genetics Bcl-2-Like Protein 11 Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 9/biosynthesis/genetics Down-Regulation Exosomes/genetics/*metabolism/pathology *HIV Long Terminal Repeat HIV-1/genetics/*metabolism/*pathogenicity HeLa Cells Humans Membrane Proteins/biosynthesis/genetics Proto-Oncogene Proteins/biosynthesis/genetics RNA, Viral/genetics/*metabolism Aids Apoptosis Cell Cycle Exosomes Gag Hiv-1 Infectivity Nef Tar
Narayanan A, Iordanskiy S, Das R, Van Duyne R, Santos S, Jaworski E, Guendel I, Sampey G, Dalby E, Iglesias-Ussel M, Popratiloff A, Hakami R, Kehn-Hall K, Young M, Subra C, Gilbert C, Bailey C, Romerio F, Kashanchi F (2013). Exosomes derived from HIV-1-infected cells contain trans-activation response element RNA. J Biol Chem, 288(27), 20014-33. PMC3707700
Journal Article
Gonadotropin and sex steroid levels in HIV-infected premenopausal women and their association with subclinical atherosclerosis in HIV-infected and -uninfected women in the women's interagency HIV study (WIHS)
J Clin Endocrinol Metab
2013
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23418313
BACKGROUND: HIV-infected women may experience prolonged amenorrhea, suggesting altered gonadotropin and sex hormone levels. However, the impact of these endocrine disruptions on atherosclerosis has not been evaluated in women living with, or at risk for, HIV infection. We investigated the association of sex hormone and gonadotropin concentrations with subclinical atherosclerosis in HIV-infected and -uninfected premenopausal women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. METHODS: Using B-mode ultrasound, the common carotid artery intima-media thickness and distensibility were measured once. Cycle-specific FSH, total estradiol (E2), and inhibin-B concentrations were measured in 584 (414 HIV infected, 170 HIV uninfected) women. Random concentrations of total T, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, and SHBG were measured in 1094 (771 HIV infected, 323 HIV uninfected) women. The endocrine analytes were measured at or before the ultrasound visit. Sex hormones, FSH, and SHBG concentrations were comp
10.1210/jc.2012-3195
23418313
PMC3615203
Adult Asymptomatic Diseases/epidemiology Atherosclerosis/*blood/complications/epidemiology Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Case-Control Studies Female Gonadal Steroid Hormones/analysis/*blood Gonadotropins/analysis/*blood HIV Infections/*blood/complications/epidemiology HIV-1/physiology Humans Middle Aged Multicenter Studies as Topic Premenopause/*blood/metabolism Women's Health
Karim R, Mack WJ, Kono N, Tien PC, Anastos K, Lazar J, Young M, Cohen M, Golub E, Greenblatt RM, Kaplan RC, Hodis HN (2013). Gonadotropin and sex steroid levels in HIV-infected premenopausal women and their association with subclinical atherosclerosis in HIV-infected and -uninfected women in the women's interagency HIV study (WIHS). J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 98(4), E610-8. PMC3615203
Journal Article
Decision making among HIV+ drug using men who have sex with men: A preliminary report from the Chicago Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
J Clin Exp Neuropsychol
2013
Jul-13
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23701366
HIV+ substance-dependent individuals (SDIs) make significantly poorer decisions than HIV- SDIs, but the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying this impairment have not been identified. We administered the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), a measure of decision making under uncertain risk, and the Cups Task, a measure of decision making under specified risk, to a group of 56 HIV+ and 23 HIV- men who have sex with men (MSMs) with a history of substance dependence enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. The IGT provides no explicit information regarding the contingencies for each possible choice, and the probability of each outcome remains ambiguous at least for the early trials; in contrast, the Cups Task provides explicit information about the probability of each outcome. The HIV+ group made significantly poorer decisions on the IGT than the HIV- group. Cups Task performance did not differ significantly between HIV- and HIV+ groups. Exploratory analyses of the IGT data suggested that HIV+
10.1080/13803395.2013.799122
23701366
PMC3700610
AIDS Chicago cognitive cohort Cohort Studies cohort study control Decision Making history Hiv Illinois information Iowa Learning MSM multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study outcome Probability psychiatry Risk sex study trial
Martin EM, DeHaan S, Vassileva J, Gonzalez R, Weller J, Bechara A (2013). Decision making among HIV+ drug using men who have sex with men: A preliminary report from the Chicago Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol, 35(6), 573-583. PMC3700610
Journal Article
CXCR5(+) T helper cells mediate protective immunity against tuberculosis
J Clin Invest
2013
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23281399
One third of the world's population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Although most infected people remain asymptomatic, they have a 10% lifetime risk of developing active tuberculosis (TB). Thus, the current challenge is to identify immune parameters that distinguish individuals with latent TB from those with active TB. Using human and experimental models of Mtb infection, we demonstrated that organized ectopic lymphoid structures containing CXCR5+ T cells were present in Mtb-infected lungs. In addition, we found that in experimental Mtb infection models, the presence of CXCR5+ T cells within ectopic lymphoid structures was associated with immune control. Furthermore, in a mouse model of Mtb infection, we showed that activated CD4+CXCR5+ T cells accumulated in Mtb-infected lungs and produced proinflammatory cytokines. Mice deficient in Cxcr5 had increased susceptibility to TB due to defective T cell localization within the lung parenchyma. We demonstrated that CXCR5 e
10.1172/JCI65728
23281399
PMC3561804
Animals Cytokines/biosynthesis Disease Models, Animal Female Granuloma, Respiratory Tract/immunology Humans Inflammation Mediators/metabolism Latent Tuberculosis/*immunology Lung/immunology/microbiology Lymphocyte Activation Lymphoid Tissue/immunology Macrophage Activation Male Mice Mice, Knockout Mice, Transgenic Receptors, CXCR5/*metabolism T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/*immunology Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/*immunology
Slight SR, Rangel-Moreno J, Gopal R, Lin Y, Fallert Junecko BA, Mehra S, Selman M, Becerril-Villanueva E, Baquera-Heredia J, Pavon L, Kaushal D, Reinhart TA, Randall TD, Khader SA (2013). CXCR5(+) T helper cells mediate protective immunity against tuberculosis. J Clin Invest, 123(2), 712-26. PMC3561804
Journal Article
Fifty percent tissue culture infective dose assay for determining the titer of infectious human herpesvirus 8
J Clin Microbiol
2013
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23554189
We have developed a human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID50) assay using the T1H6-DC-SIGN cell line. Infection of T1H6-DC-SIGN cells with HHV-8 induces expression of beta-galactosidase, which was used to determine TCID50 levels. Validation of TCID50 values was performed by immunofluorescence assay of HHV-8 infection of immature dendritic cells at various TCID50 doses.
10.1128/JCM.00761-13
23554189
PMC3716109
Cell Line Dendritic Cells/virology Genes, Reporter Herpesvirus 8, Human/isolation & purification/*pathogenicity/*physiology Humans Viral Load/*methods beta-Galactosidase/analysis
Nadgir SV, Hensler HR, Knowlton ER, Rinaldo CR, Rappocciolo G, Jenkins FJ (2013). Fifty percent tissue culture infective dose assay for determining the titer of infectious human herpesvirus 8. J Clin Microbiol, 51(6), 1931-4. PMC3716109
Journal Article
Selective induction of CTL helper rather than killer activity by natural epitope variants promotes dendritic cell-mediated HIV-1 dissemination
J Immunol
2013
9/1/2013
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23913962
The ability of HIV-1 to rapidly accumulate mutations provides the virus with an effective means of escaping CD8(+) CTL responses. In this study, we describe how subtle alterations in CTL epitopes expressed by naturally occurring HIV-1 variants can result in an incomplete escape from CTL recognition, providing the virus with a selective advantage. Rather than paralyzing the CTL response, these epitope modifications selectively induce the CTL to produce proinflammatory cytokines in the absence of target killing. Importantly, instead of dampening the immune response through CTL elimination of variant Ag-expressing immature dendritic cells (DC), a positive CTL-to-DC immune feedback loop dominates whereby the immature DC differentiate into mature proinflammatory DC. Moreover, these CTL-programmed DC exhibit a superior capacity to mediate HIV-1 trans-infection of T cells. This discordant induction of CTL helper activity in the absence of killing most likely contributes to the chronic immune
10.4049/jimmunol.1300373
23913962
PMC3786204
activation cells cytokine Cytokines Dendritic Cells Disease Epitopes Hiv-1 HIV-1 infection immune immune activation immune response Immunotherapy infection infectious diseases Memory microbiology Mutation Pittsburgh response study t cell t-cells virus
Mailliard RB, Smith KN, Fecek RJ, Rappocciolo G, Nascimento EJ, Marques ET, Watkins SC, Mullins JI, Rinaldo CR (2013). Selective induction of CTL helper rather than killer activity by natural epitope variants promotes dendritic cell-mediated HIV-1 dissemination. J Immunol, 191(5), 2570-2580. PMC3786204
Journal Article
Association of HIV infection, hepatitis C virus infection, and metabolic factors with liver stiffness measured by transient elastography
J Infect Dis
2013
1-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23901097
BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined the relationship of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) monoinfection and its associated perturbations with liver fibrosis. METHODS: USING multivariable linear regression, we examined the demographic, behavioral, metabolic and viral factors associated with transient elastography-measured liver stiffness in 314 participants (165 HIV positive/hepatitis C virus [HCV] negative, 78 HIV positive/HCV positive, 14 HIV negative/HCV positive, 57 HIV negative/HCV negative) in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. RESULTS: Compared with HIV negative/HCV negative women, HIV positive/HCV positive women had higher median liver stiffness values (7.1 vs 4.4 kPa; P < .001); HIV positive/HCV negative and HIV negative/HCV negative women had similar liver stiffness values (both 4.4 kPa; P = .94). HIV/HCV coinfection remained associated with higher liver stiffness values (74% higher; 95% confidence interval [CI], 49-104) even after multivariable adjustment. Among HCV positi
10.1093/infdis/jit357
23901097
PMC3814832
Adult Age Factors Coinfection Demography Elasticity Imaging Techniques Female HIV Infections/*complications/virology Hepacivirus/*physiology Hepatitis C/*complications Humans Liver/diagnostic imaging/*pathology Liver Cirrhosis/diagnostic imaging/*etiology/virology Middle Aged Obesity/complications Sex Factors Waist Circumference Hcv Hiv liver fibrosis obesity transient elastography women
Bailony MR, Scherzer R, Huhn G, Plankey MW, Peters MG, Tien PC (2013). Association of HIV infection, hepatitis C virus infection, and metabolic factors with liver stiffness measured by transient elastography. J Infect Dis, 208(11), 1776-83. PMC3814832
Journal Article
Microbial translocation and liver disease progression in women coinfected with HIV and hepatitis C virus
J Infect Dis
2013
15-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23687224
BACKGROUND: Microbial translocation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. We sought to determine whether markers of microbial translocation are associated with liver disease progression during coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). METHODS: We measured serial plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS), endotoxin core antibody, intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP), soluble CD14 (sCD14), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 10, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) levels over a 5-year period in 44 HIV/HCV-coinfected women, 21 of whom experienced liver disease progression and 23 were nonprogressors. RESULTS: While LPS levels did not differ significantly over time between progressors and nonprogressors (P = .60), progressors had significantly higher plasma levels of sCD14, a marker of monocyte activation by LPS, at the first time point measured (P = .03) and throughout the study period (P = .001); progressors a
10.1093/infdis/jit225
23687224
PMC3719907
Adult *Bacterial Translocation Cytokines/blood Disease Progression Female HIV Infections/*complications Hepatitis C, Chronic/*complications Humans Lipopolysaccharides/blood Liver Cirrhosis/*epidemiology/*pathology Longitudinal Studies Middle Aged Plasma/chemistry Hiv fibrosis hepatitis C liver disease progression microbial translocation soluble CD14
French AL, Evans CT, Agniel DM, Cohen MH, Peters M, Landay AL, Desai SN (2013). Microbial translocation and liver disease progression in women coinfected with HIV and hepatitis C virus. J Infect Dis, 208(4), 679-89. PMC3719907
Journal Article
HIV incidence determination in the United States: a multiassay approach
J Infect Dis
2013
15-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23129760
BACKGROUND: Accurate testing algorithms are needed for estimating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) incidence from cross-sectional surveys. METHODS: We developed a multiassay algorithm (MAA) for HIV incidence that includes the BED capture enzyme immunoassay (BED-CEIA), an antibody avidity assay, HIV load, and CD4(+) T-cell count. We analyzed 1782 samples from 709 individuals in the United States who had a known duration of HIV infection (range, 0 to >8 years). Logistic regression with cubic splines was used to compare the performance of the MAA to the BED-CEIA and to determine the window period of the MAA. We compared the annual incidence estimated with the MAA to the annual incidence based on HIV seroconversion in a longitudinal cohort. RESULTS: The MAA had a window period of 141 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 94-150) and a very low false-recent misclassification rate (only 0.4% of 1474 samples from subjects infected for >1 year were misclassified as indicative of recent infecti
10.1093/infdis/jis659
23129760
PMC3532826
Algorithms CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Female HIV Antibodies/blood/physiology HIV Infections/*diagnosis/*epidemiology/immunology HIV Seropositivity/epidemiology HIV-1/*immunology/isolation & purification Humans Immunoenzyme Techniques Incidence Male Viral Load
Laeyendecker O, Brookmeyer R, Cousins MM, Mullis CE, Konikoff J, Donnell D, Celum C, Buchbinder SP, Seage GR 3rd, Kirk GD, Mehta SH, Astemborski J, Jacobson LP, Margolick JB, Brown J, Quinn TC, Eshleman SH (2013). HIV incidence determination in the United States: a multiassay approach. J Infect Dis, 207(2), 232-9. PMC3532826
Journal Article
Hepatitis C viremia and the risk of chronic kidney disease in HIV-infected individuals
J Infect Dis
2013
15-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23904290
BACKGROUND: The role of active hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication in chronic kidney disease (CKD) risk has not been clarified. METHODS: We compared CKD incidence in a large cohort of HIV-infected subjects who were HCV seronegative, HCV viremic (detectable HCV RNA), or HCV aviremic (HCV seropositive, undetectable HCV RNA). Stages 3 and 5 CKD were defined according to standard criteria. Progressive CKD was defined as a sustained 25% glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decrease from baseline to a GFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. We used Cox models to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: A total of 52 602 HCV seronegative, 9508 HCV viremic, and 913 HCV aviremic subjects were included. Compared with HCV seronegative subjects, HCV viremic subjects were at increased risk for stage 3 CKD (adjusted HR 1.36 [95% CI, 1.26, 1.46]), stage 5 CKD (1.95 [1.64, 2.31]), and progressive CKD (1.31 [1.19, 1.44]), while HCV aviremic subjects were also at increased risk f
10.1093/infdis/jit373
23904290
PMC3778973
Adult Canada/epidemiology Chi-Square Distribution Cohort Studies Female Glomerular Filtration Rate HIV Infections/complications/*epidemiology/virology Hepacivirus/isolation & purification Hepatitis C/blood/complications/*epidemiology/virology Humans Incidence Male Middle Aged Proportional Hazards Models RNA, Viral/blood Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/*epidemiology/physiopathology/virology Risk Factors Substance Abuse, Intravenous/epidemiology/virology United States/epidemiology Viremia/complications/epidemiology/virology Hiv chronic kidney disease cohort study hepatitis C RNA hepatitis C virus injection drug use
Lucas GM, Jing Y, Sulkowski M, Abraham AG, Estrella MM, Atta MG, Fine DM, Klein MB, Silverberg MJ, Gill MJ, Moore RD, Gebo KA, Sterling TR, Butt AA; NA-ACCORD of the IeDEA (2013). Hepatitis C viremia and the risk of chronic kidney disease in HIV-infected individuals. J Infect Dis, 208(8), 1240-9. PMC3778973
Journal Article
Comparison of 2 anal cytology protocols to predict high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia
J Low Genit Tract Dis
2013
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23595039
OBJECTIVES: Nylon-flocked and Dacron swab anal cytology collection procedures were evaluated for detecting high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional data for 42 HIV-infected and 16 uninfected men who have sex with men have been used. Sequentially collected anal cytology specimens, high-resolution anoscopy, and medical biopsy evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of cytology for predicting high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia. Men showing atypical squamous cells (ASC) or more severe findings by cytology were compared with those showing negative for intraepithelial lesions. RESULTS: The prevalence of high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia was 35% (21/58), and findings were approximately 1.5 times higher among HIV-infected compared with uninfected men. Unsatisfactory cytology was twice as common among Dacron compared with nylon-flocked swab protocol specimens (14% [8/58] vs 7% [4/58]). Sensitivity and specificity for the nylon-flocked pr
10.1097/LGT.0b013e318281d36e
23595039
PMC3788863
Adult Aged Anus Neoplasms/*diagnosis Carcinoma in Situ/*diagnosis Cytological Techniques/*methods Homosexuality, Male Humans Male Middle Aged Sensitivity and Specificity Specimen Handling/*methods
Wiley DJ, Hsu H, Bolan R, Voskanian A, Elashoff D, Young S, Dayrit R, Barman P, DeAzambuja K, Masongsong EV, Martínez-Maza O, Detels R (2013). Comparison of 2 anal cytology protocols to predict high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia. J Low Genit Tract Dis, 17(4), 414-24. PMC3788863
Journal Article
Online health-searching behavior among HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative men who have sex with ben in the Baltimore and Washington, DC area
J Med Internet Res
2013
2013
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23644412
BACKGROUND: Searching online for health information is common among American adults. However, there have been few studies to investigate the online health-searching behaviors among men who have sex with men (MSM) with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of Internet use among HIV-seropositive MSM and compare their online behaviors with HIV-seronegative men with chronic disease(s). METHODS: This study was performed at the Baltimore/Washington, DC site of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). A total of 200 MACS participants were asked to answer a self-administered questionnaire on a first-come basis during a semiannual study visit (from July to November 2011); 195 (97.5%) participants completed the survey. Multiple logistic regression models were used to investigate the factors influencing their online health-searching behaviors. RESULTS: The median age of the 195 MSM participants was 57 years, 64.6% were white, 59.0% were employed, and 88.2% had
10.2196/jmir.2479
23644412
PMC3650934
Adult age AIDS antiretroviral therapy Baltimore behavior cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Disease HAART health Hiv Human human immunodeficiency virus immunodeficiency infectious diseases information MACS methods model MSM multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Prevalence questionnaire sex study therapies therapy United States virus
Li Y, Polk J, Plankey M (2013). Online health-searching behavior among HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative men who have sex with ben in the Baltimore and Washington, DC area. J Med Internet Res, 15(5), e78. PMC3650934
Journal Article
Temporal trends in presentation and survival for HIV-associated lymphoma in the antiretroviral therapy era
J Natl Cancer Inst
2013
21-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23892362
BACKGROUND: Lymphoma is the leading cause of cancer-related death among HIV-infected patients in the antiretroviral therapy (ART) era. METHODS: We studied lymphoma patients in the Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems from 1996 until 2010. We examined differences stratified by histology and diagnosis year. Mortality and predictors of death were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards. RESULTS: Of 23 050 HIV-infected individuals, 476 (2.1%) developed lymphoma (79 [16.6%] Hodgkin lymphoma [HL]; 201 [42.2%] diffuse large B-cell lymphoma [DLBCL]; 56 [11.8%] Burkitt lymphoma [BL]; 54 [11.3%] primary central nervous system lymphoma [PCNSL]; and 86 [18.1%] other non-Hodgkin lymphoma [NHL]). At diagnosis, HL patients had higher CD4 counts and lower HIV RNA than NHL patients. PCNSL patients had the lowest and BL patients had the highest CD4 counts among NHL categories. During the study period, CD4 count at lymphoma diagnosis progressively incre
10.1093/jnci/djt158
23892362
PMC3748003
Adult *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Central Nervous System Neoplasms/diagnosis/mortality Female HIV Infections/complications/*drug therapy Hodgkin Disease/diagnosis/mortality Humans Kaplan-Meier Estimate Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/*diagnosis/*mortality Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/diagnosis/mortality Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/diagnosis/mortality Male Middle Aged Odds Ratio Proportional Hazards Models United States/epidemiology
Gopal S, Patel MR, Yanik EL, Cole SR, Achenbach CJ, Napravnik S, Burkholder GA, Reid EG, Rodriguez B, Deeks SG, Mayer KH, Moore RD, Kitahata MM, Eron JJ, Richards KL (2013). Temporal trends in presentation and survival for HIV-associated lymphoma in the antiretroviral therapy era. J Natl Cancer Inst, 105(16), 1221-9. PMC3748003
Journal Article
Transcriptome analysis of HIV-infected peripheral blood monocytes: gene transcripts and networks associated with neurocognitive functioning
J Neuroimmunol
2013
15-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24094461
UNLABELLED: Immunologic dysfunction, mediated via monocyte activity, has been implicated in the development of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). We hypothesized that transcriptome changes in peripheral blood monocytes relate to neurocognitive functioning in HIV+ individuals, and that such alterations could be useful as biomarkers of worsening HAND. METHODS: mRNA was isolated from the monocytes of 86 HIV+ adults and analyzed with the Illumina HT-12 v4 Expression BeadChip. Neurocognitive functioning, HAND diagnosis, and other clinical and virologic variables were determined. Data were analyzed using standard expression analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). RESULTS: Neurocognitive functioning was correlated with multiple gene transcripts in the standard expression analysis. WGCNA identified two nominally significant co-expression modules associated with neurocognitive functioning, which were enriched with genes involved in mitotic processes and tr
10.1016/j.jneuroim.2013.09.016
24094461
PMC3855455
Adult Aged CD4 Antigens/metabolism Cognition Disorders/*etiology/virology Depression/etiology/virology Female Gene Expression Profiling/methods Gene Expression Regulation/*physiology Gene Regulatory Networks/genetics *HIV Infections/blood/complications/pathology Humans Leukocytes, Mononuclear/*metabolism/*virology Male Middle Aged Neuropsychological Tests Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis RNA, Messenger/metabolism Statistics as Topic HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder Il6r Monocyte Wgcna gene expression transcriptome
Levine AJ, Horvath S, Miller EN, Singer EJ, Shapshak P, Baldwin GC, Martínez-Maza O, Witt MD, Langfelder P. (2013). Transcriptome analysis of HIV-infected peripheral blood monocytes: gene transcripts and networks associated with neurocognitive functioning. J Neuroimmunol, 265(2-Jan), 96-105. PMC3855455
Journal Article
Anthropometric measures and cognition in middle-aged HIV-infected and uninfected women. The Women's Interagency HIV Study
J Neurovirol
2013
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24338243
This study aimed to explore the relationship of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) with cognition in women with (HIV+) and without HIV (HIV-) infection. One thousand six hundred ninety participants (1,196 HIV+, 494 HIV-) in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) with data available on anthropometric measures comprise the analytical sample. Cross-sectional analyses using linear regression models estimated the relationship between anthropometric variables and Trails A, Trails B, Stroop interference time, Stroop word recall, Stroop color naming and reading, and Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) with consideration for age, HIV infection status, Wide Range Achievement Test score, CD4 count, insulin resistance, drug use, and race/ethnicity. Among HIV+ women, BMI < 18.5 kg/m(2) was associated with poorer cognitive performance evidenced by longer Trails A and Trails B and shorter SDMT completion times. An obese BMI (30 kg/m(2) or higher) was relat
10.1007/s13365-013-0219-1
24338243
PMC3957488
Adult Age Factors Body Mass Index Case-Control Studies Cognition Cognition Disorders/etiology/*physiopathology/psychology/virology Executive Function Female HIV Infections/complications/*physiopathology/psychology/virology *hiv-1 Humans Memory Middle Aged Neuropsychological Tests Prospective Studies Severity of Illness Index Task Performance and Analysis Waist Circumference Waist-Hip Ratio
Gustafson DR, Mielke MM, Tien PC, Valcour V, Cohen M, Anastos K, Liu C, Pearce L, Golub ET, Minkoff H, Crystal HA (2013). Anthropometric measures and cognition in middle-aged HIV-infected and uninfected women. The Women's Interagency HIV Study. J Neurovirol, 19(6), 574-85. PMC3957488
Journal Article
Neuropsychological test performance before and after HIV-1 seroconversion: the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
J Neurovirol
2013
Feb-13
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23229349
The objective of this study is to compare neuropsychological test performance before and after HIV-1 seroconversion in order to identify possible acute changes in psychomotor speed, memory, attention, and concentration secondary to seroconversion. The study utilized mixed effects models to examine longitudinal neuropsychological test data. We conducted a nested cohort study of 362 male HIV-1 seroconverters enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. We used linear mixed models with random subject effects to compare repeated neuropsychological test outcomes from 5 years before seroconversion to 2 years after seroconversion on the Trail Making Test (parts A and B), Symbol-Digit Test, Grooved Pegboard (dominant and non-dominant hands), Stroop Color-Interference Test, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, and the CalCAP Reaction Time Test. We found no significant changes in the time-dependent score after seroconversion for the majority of neuropsychological tests used in the Multicenter AI
10.1007/s13365-012-0136-8 [doi]
23229349
PMC3568242
age AIDS Attention CD4 Cell Count change characteristics cognitive cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Depression Education effects Hand history Hiv-1 infection Learning longitudinal Male Memory model multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Neuropsychological Neuropsychological Tests outcome Reaction Time seroconversion study symbol digit testing Time
Vo QT, Cox C, Li X, Jacobson LP, McKaig R, Sacktor N, Selnes OA, Martin E, Becker JT, Miller EN (2013). Neuropsychological test performance before and after HIV-1 seroconversion: the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. J Neurovirol, 19(1), 24-31. PMC3568242
Journal Article
Suppression of HIV-1 infection by APOBEC3 proteins in primary human CD4(+) T cells is associated with inhibition of processive reverse transcription as well as excessive cytidine deamination
J Virol
2013
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23152537
The Vif protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) promotes viral replication by downregulation of the cell-encoded, antiviral APOBEC3 proteins. These proteins exert their suppressive effects through the inhibition of viral reverse transcription as well as the induction of cytidine deamination within nascent viral cDNA. Importantly, these two effects have not been characterized in detail in human CD4(+) T cells, leading to controversies over their possible contributions to viral inhibition in the natural cell targets of HIV-1 replication. Here we use wild-type and Vif-deficient viruses derived from the CD4(+) T cells of multiple donors to examine the consequences of APOBEC3 protein function at natural levels of expression. We demonstrate that APOBEC3 proteins impart a profound deficiency to reverse transcription from the initial stages of cDNA synthesis, as well as excessive cytidine deamination (hypermutation) of the DNAs that are synthesized. Experiments using viruses fro
10.1128/JVI.02587-12
23152537
PMC3554184
APOBEC-3G Deaminase CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/enzymology/*immunology/*virology Cells, Cultured Cytidine/*metabolism Cytidine Deaminase/*metabolism Cytosine Deaminase/metabolism Deamination Gene Deletion HIV-1/genetics/*immunology/physiology Humans *Reverse Transcription Virulence Factors/genetics/metabolism vif Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/genetics/metabolism
Gillick K, Pollpeter D, Phalora P, Kim EY, Wolinsky SM, Malim MH (2013). Suppression of HIV-1 infection by APOBEC3 proteins in primary human CD4(+) T cells is associated with inhibition of processive reverse transcription as well as excessive cytidine deamination. J Virol, 87(3), 1508-17. PMC3554184
Journal Article
Limited nucleotide changes in the Rev response element (RRE) during HIV-1 infection alter overall Rev-RRE activity and Rev multimerization
J Virol
2013
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23926352
HIV-1 Rev and the Rev response element (RRE) enable a critical step in the viral replication cycle by facilitating the nuclear export of intron-containing mRNAs, yet their activities have rarely been analyzed in natural infections. This study characterized their genetic and functional variation in a small cohort of HIV-infected individuals. Multiple Rev and RRE sequences were obtained using single-genome sequencing (SGS) of plasma samples collected within 6 months after seroconversion and at a later time. This allowed the identification of cognate sequences that were linked in vivo in the same viral genome and acted together as a functional unit. Phylogenetic analyses of these sequences indicated that 4/5 infections were founded by a single transmission event. Rev and RRE variants from each time point were subjected to functional analysis as both cognate pairs and as individual components. While a range of Rev-RRE activities were seen, the activity of cognate pairs from a single time p
10.1128/JVI.01392-13
23926352
PMC3807272
Adult Cluster Analysis Female *Genes, env HIV Infections/*virology HIV-1/genetics/*physiology Humans Male Middle Aged *Mutation Phylogeny Plasma/virology RNA, Viral/genetics Sequence Analysis, DNA *Virus Replication rev Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/*metabolism
Sloan EA, Kearney MF, Gray LR, Anastos K, Daar ES, Margolick J, Maldarelli F, Hammarskjold ML, Rekosh D (2013). Limited nucleotide changes in the Rev response element (RRE) during HIV-1 infection alter overall Rev-RRE activity and Rev multimerization. J Virol, 87(20), 11173-86. PMC3807272
Journal Article
Host APOL1 genotype is independently associated with proteinuria in HIV infection
Kidney Int
2013
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23715117
Proteinuria is associated with adverse clinical outcomes in HIV infection. Here we evaluated whether APOL1 risk alleles, previously associated with advanced kidney disease, are independently associated with proteinuria in HIV infection in a cross-sectional study of HIV-infected women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. We estimated the percent difference in urine protein excretion and odds of proteinuria (>/=200 mg/g) associated with two versus one or no APOL1 risk allele using linear and logistic regression, respectively. Of 1285 women successfully genotyped, 379 carried one and 80 carried two risk alleles. Proteinuria was present in 124 women, 78 of whom had proteinuria confirmed on a second sample. In women without prior AIDS, two risk alleles were independently associated with a 69% higher urine protein excretion (95% confidence interval (CI): 36, 108) and five-fold higher odds of proteinuria (95% CI: 2.45, 10.37) as compared with one or no risk allele. No association was found i
10.1038/ki.2013.203
23715117
PMC3788838
Adult Alleles Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Apolipoprotein L1 Apolipoproteins/*genetics Cross-Sectional Studies Female Genetic Predisposition to Disease/*genetics *Genotype HIV Infections/*complications/drug therapy Humans Lipoproteins, HDL/*genetics Logistic Models Middle Aged Proteinuria/epidemiology/*genetics Risk Factors Sensitivity and Specificity
Estrella MM, Wyatt CM, Pearce CL, Li M, Shlipak MG, Aouizerat BE, Gustafson D, Cohen MH, Gange SJ, Kao WH, Parekh RS (2013). Host APOL1 genotype is independently associated with proteinuria in HIV infection. Kidney Int, 84(4), 834-40. PMC3788838
Journal Article
NIHMS474855
Fc gamma receptor 3A polymorphism and risk for HIV-associated cryptococcal disease
mBio
2013
27-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23982074
UNLABELLED: Cryptococcus neoformans is one of the most common causes of fungal disease in HIV-infected persons, but not all of those who are infected develop cryptococcal disease (CD). Although CD4(+) T cell deficiency is a risk factor for HIV-associated CD, polymorphisms of phagocytic Fc gamma receptors (FCGRs) have been linked to CD risk in HIV-uninfected persons. To investigate associations between FCGR2A 131 H/R and FCGR3A 158 F/V polymorphisms and CD risk in HIV-infected persons, we performed PCR-based genotyping on banked samples from 164 men enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS): 55 who were HIV infected and developed CD and a matched control group of 54 who were HIV infected and 55 who were HIV uninfected. Using additive and allelic statistical models for analysis, the high-affinity FCGR3A 158V allele was significantly associated with CD status after adjusting for race/ethnicity (odds ratio [OR], 2.1; P = 0.005), as was the FCGR3A 158 VV homozygous genotype after
10.1128/mBio.00573-13
23982074
PMC3760251
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/*genetics/immunology/microbiology Adult Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Cryptococcosis/*genetics/immunology/microbiology Cryptococcus neoformans Genotype Humans Killer Cells, Natural/immunology Male Middle Aged Mutation, Missense *Polymorphism, Genetic Receptors, IgG/*genetics/immunology Risk Factors
Rohatgi S, Gohil S, Kuniholm MH, Schultz H, Dufaud C, Armour KL, Badri S, Mailliard RB, Pirofski LA (2013). Fc gamma receptor 3A polymorphism and risk for HIV-associated cryptococcal disease. mBio, 4(5), e00573-13. PMC3760251
Journal Article
Impact of eating probiotic yogurt on colonization by Candida species of the oral and vaginal mucosa in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women
Mycopathologia
2013
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23925786
BACKGROUND: Candidiasis in HIV/AIDS patients continues to be a public health problem. Antifungal therapies are not always effective and may result in complications, such as the development of drug-resistant strains of Candida species. OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the impact of probiotic consumption on Candida colonization of the oral and vaginal mucosa. PATIENTS/METHODS: A pilot study was conducted in 24 women (17 HIV-infected, 7 HIV-uninfected) from the Women's Interagency HIV Study. The women underwent a 60-day initiation period with no probiotic consumption, followed by two 15-day consumption periods, with a different probiotic yogurt (DanActive or YoPlus yogurt) during each interval. There was a 30-day washout period between the two yogurt consumption periods. Oral and vaginal culture swabs were collected on days 0, 60, 74, and 120. Candida was detected by inoculating each swab in both Sabouraud's dextrose agar with or without chloramphenicol and CHROMagar. RESULTS: Less fungal
10.1007/s11046-013-9678-4
23925786
PMC3903393
Candida/*isolation & purification Candidiasis, Oral/*prevention & control Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal/*prevention & control Diet/*methods Female HIV Infections/*complications Humans Microbiological Techniques Mouth Mucosa/microbiology Pilot Projects Probiotics/*administration & dosage Vagina/microbiology *Yogurt
Hu H, Merenstein DJ, Wang C, Hamilton PR, Blackmon ML, Chen H, Calderone RA, Li D (2013). Impact of eating probiotic yogurt on colonization by Candida species of the oral and vaginal mucosa in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women. Mycopathologia, 176(4-Mar), 175-81. PMC3903393
Journal Article
Yes, it is time to reconsider how we rate cognitive impairments in HIV disease
Neuroepidemiology
2013
2013
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24157577
10.1159/000355128
24157577
PMC3872990
Cognition Disorders/*diagnosis HIV Infections/*complications Humans *Neuropsychological Tests
Becker JT, Snitz BE (2013). Yes, it is time to reconsider how we rate cognitive impairments in HIV disease. Neuroepidemiology, 41(4-Mar), 217-8. PMC3872990
Journal Article
Long-term predictive value of the Framingham Risk Score for Stroke in HIV-positive vs HIV-negative men
Neurology
2013
10-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24212385
OBJECTIVE: To test the predictive accuracy of the Framingham Risk Score for Stroke (FRS-S) in HIV-infected (HIV+) vs HIV-uninfected (HIV-) men. METHODS: The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) is an ongoing prospective study of HIV+ and HIV- men who have sex with men (MSM) enrolled in 4 US cities. We ascertained all reported stroke events during a recent 15-year timeframe (July 1, 1996 to June 30, 2011) among 3,945 participants (1,776 HIV+ and 2,169 HIV-). For those with strokes, FRS-S were calculated 10 years before the stroke event and assessed according to HIV status. RESULTS: A total of 114 stroke events occurred, including 57 HIV+ and 37 HIV- participants with first-ever strokes and 19 fatal strokes. The incidence of first-ever stroke was 1.7/1,000 person-years among HIV- and 3.3/1,000 person-years among HIV+ participants. Among those with strokes, HIV+ participants were younger than HIV- participants (median age 51.3 vs 61.8 years, p < 0.0001). For these men with stroke, the ave
10.1212/01.wnl.0000437296.97946.73
24212385
PMC3863354
Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Cohort Studies HIV Infections/*diagnosis/epidemiology *HIV Seronegativity HIV Seropositivity/*diagnosis/epidemiology Humans Male Middle Aged Predictive Value of Tests Prospective Studies Risk Factors *Severity of Illness Index Stroke/*diagnosis/epidemiology Time Factors Young Adult
Mateen FJ, Post WS, Sacktor N, Abraham AG, Becker JT, Smith BR, Detels R, Martin E, Phair JP, Shinohara RT; Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) Investigators (2013). Long-term predictive value of the Framingham Risk Score for Stroke in HIV-positive vs HIV-negative men. Neurology, 81(24), 2094-102. PMC3863354
Journal Article
Factors affecting the prevalence of strongly and weakly carcinogenic and lower-risk human papillomaviruses in anal specimens in a cohort of men who have sex with men (MSM)
PLoS ONE
2013
2013
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24278140
BACKGROUND: MSM are at higher risk for invasive anal cancer. Twelve human papillomaviruses (HPVs) cause cervical cancer in women (Group 1 high-risk HPVs (hrHPVs)) and 13 HPVs are probable/possible causes (Group 2 hrHPVs) of cervical malignancy. HPVs rarely associated with malignancy are classified as lower-risk HPVs (lrHPVs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Dacron-swab anal-cytology specimens were collected from and data complete for 97% (1262/1296) of Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) men tested for HPVs using the Linear Array assay. Multivariate Poisson regression analyses estimated adjusted prevalence ratios for Group 1/2 hrHPVs and lrHPVs, controlling for the effects of age, race, ethnicity, sexual partnerships, smoking; HIV-infection characteristics, treatment, and immune status among HIV-infected men. RESULTS: HIV-infected men showed 35-90% higher prevalence of Group 1/2 hrHPVs and lrHPVs than HIV-uninfected men, and higher prevalence of multi-Type, and multiple risk-group infections.
10.1371/journal.pone.0079492
24278140
PMC3835810
age AIDS anal intercourse assay cancer CD4+ characteristics cohort Cohort Studies cohort study control effects ethnicity high-risk Hiv HIV infection HPV Human immune Immunosuppression infection infections Los Angeles MACS Male methods MSM multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study nursing Prevalence prevention Risk sex sexual Smoking study t cell testing treatment United States Viremia women
Wiley DJ, Li X, Hsu H, Seaberg EC, Cranston RD, Young S, D'Souza G, Martínez-Maza O, DeAzambuja K, Chua K, Hussain SK, Detels R (2013). Factors affecting the prevalence of strongly and weakly carcinogenic and lower-risk human papillomaviruses in anal specimens in a cohort of men who have sex with men (MSM). PLoS ONE, 8(11), e79492. PMC3835810
Journal Article
Accelerated aging in HIV/AIDS: novel biomarkers of senescent human CD8+ T cells
PLoS One
2013
2013
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23717651
Clinical evaluation of immune reconstitution and health status during HIV-1 infection and anti-retroviral therapy (ART) is largely based on CD4+ T cell counts and viral load, measures that fail to take into account the CD8+ T cell subset, known to show features of accelerated aging in HIV disease. Here, we compare adenosine deaminase (ADA), glucose uptake receptor 1 (GLUT1), and leucine-rich repeat neuronal 3 (LRRN3) to CD38 expression and telomerase activity, two strong predictors of HIV disease progression. Our analysis revealed that reduced ADA, telomerase activity and LRRN3 gene expression were significantly associated with high CD38 and HLA-DR in CD8+ T cells, with % ADA+ cells being the most robust predictor of CD8+ T cell activation. Our results suggest that ADA, LRRN3 and telomerase activity in CD8+ T cells may serve as novel, clinically relevant biomarkers of immune status in HIV-1 infection, specifically by demonstrating the degree to which CD8+ T cells have progressed to the
10.1371/journal.pone.0064702
23717651
PMC3661524
Aging/*pathology Base Sequence Biomarkers/*metabolism CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*pathology *Cellular Senescence DNA Primers Flow Cytometry HIV Infections/*pathology Humans Middle Aged Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
Chou JP, Ramirez CM, Wu JE, Effros RB (2013). Accelerated aging in HIV/AIDS: novel biomarkers of senescent human CD8+ T cells. PLoS One, 8(5), e64702. PMC3661524
Journal Article
The impact of HAART on the respiratory complications of HIV infection: longitudinal trends in the MACS and WIHS cohorts
PLoS One
2013
2013
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23554932
OBJECTIVE: To review the incidence of respiratory conditions and their effect on mortality in HIV-infected and uninfected individuals prior to and during the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). DESIGN: Two large observational cohorts of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected men (Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study [MACS]) and women (Women's Interagency HIV Study [WIHS]), followed since 1984 and 1994, respectively. METHODS: Adjusted odds or hazards ratios for incident respiratory infections or non-infectious respiratory diagnoses, respectively, in HIV-infected compared to HIV-uninfected individuals in both the pre-HAART (MACS only) and HAART eras; and adjusted Cox proportional hazard ratios for mortality in HIV-infected persons with lung disease during the HAART era. RESULTS: Compared to HIV-uninfected participants, HIV-infected individuals had more incident respiratory infections both pre-HAART (MACS, odds ratio [adjusted-OR], 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.2-2.7; p<0.001) a
10.1371/journal.pone.0058812
23554932
PMC3595204
Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Female HIV Infections/*complications/drug therapy/*mortality Humans Incidence Longitudinal Studies Lung Diseases/epidemiology/etiology Male Respiration Disorders/epidemiology/*etiology Young Adult
Gingo MR, Balasubramani GK, Kingsley L, Rinaldo CR Jr, Alden CB, Detels R, Greenblatt RM, Hessol NA, Holman S, Huang L, Kleerup EC, Phair J, Sutton SH, Seaberg EC, Margolick JB, Wisniewski SR, Morris A (2013). The impact of HAART on the respiratory complications of HIV infection: longitudinal trends in the MACS and WIHS cohorts. PLoS One, 8(3), e58812. PMC3595204
Journal Article
Association between U.S. state AIDS Drug Assistance Program (ADAP) features and HIV antiretroviral therapy initiation, 2001-2009
PLoS One
2013
2013
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24260137
BACKGROUND: U.S. state AIDS Drug Assistance Programs (ADAPs) are federally funded to provide antiretroviral therapy (ART) as the payer of last resort to eligible persons with HIV infection. States differ regarding their financial contributions to and ways of implementing these programs, and it remains unclear how this interstate variability affects HIV treatment outcomes. METHODS: We analyzed data from HIV-infected individuals who were clinically-eligible for ART between 2001 and 2009 (i.e., a first reported CD4+ <350 cells/uL or AIDS-defining illness) from 14 U.S. cohorts of the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD). Using propensity score matching and Cox regression, we assessed ART initiation (within 6 months following eligibility) and virologic suppression (within 1 year) based on differences in two state ADAP features: the amount of state funding in annual ADAP budgets and the implementation of waiting lists. We performed an a priori subgroup
10.1371/journal.pone.0078952
24260137
PMC3832515
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*drug therapy/*economics Anti-Retroviral Agents/*administration & dosage/*economics Canada Female *Government Programs *Healthcare Financing Humans Male Retrospective Studies United States
Hanna DB, Buchacz K, Gebo KA, Hessol NA, Horberg MA, Jacobson LP, Kirk GD, Kitahata MM, Korthuis PT, Moore RD, Napravnik S, Patel P, Silverberg MJ, Sterling TR, Willig JH, Collier A, Samji H, Thorne JE, Althoff KN, Martin JN, Rodriguez B, Stuart EA, Gange SJ; North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD) of the International Epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) (2013). Association between U.S. state AIDS Drug Assistance Program (ADAP) features and HIV antiretroviral therapy initiation, 2001-2009. PLoS One, 8(11), e78952. PMC3832515
Journal Article
Performance of a limiting-antigen avidity enzyme immunoassay for cross-sectional estimation of HIV incidence in the United States
PLoS One
2013
2013
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24386116
BACKGROUND: A limiting antigen avidity enzyme immunoassay (HIV-1 LAg-Avidity assay) was recently developed for cross-sectional HIV incidence estimation. We evaluated the performance of the LAg-Avidity assay alone and in multi-assay algorithms (MAAs) that included other biomarkers. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Performance of testing algorithms was evaluated using 2,282 samples from individuals in the United States collected 1 month to >8 years after HIV seroconversion. The capacity of selected testing algorithms to accurately estimate incidence was evaluated in three longitudinal cohorts. When used in a single-assay format, the LAg-Avidity assay classified some individuals infected >5 years as assay positive and failed to provide reliable incidence estimates in cohorts that included individuals with long-term infections. We evaluated >500,000 testing algorithms, that included the LAg-Avidity assay alone and MAAs with other biomarkers (BED capture immunoassay [BED-CEIA], BioRad-Avidity assay, H
10.1371/journal.pone.0082772
24386116
PMC3873916
Algorithms Antibody Affinity Biomarkers/metabolism CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cross-Sectional Studies HIV Infections/*epidemiology/virology HIV-1/immunology Humans Immunoenzyme Techniques/*methods Incidence United States/epidemiology Viral Load
Konikoff J, Brookmeyer R, Longosz AF, Cousins MM, Celum C, Buchbinder SP, Seage GR 3rd, Kirk GD, Moore RD, Mehta SH, Margolick JB, Brown J, Mayer KH, Koblin BA, Justman JE, Hodder SL, Quinn TC, Eshleman SH, Laeyendecker O (2013). Performance of a limiting-antigen avidity enzyme immunoassay for cross-sectional estimation of HIV incidence in the United States. PLoS One, 8(12), e82772. PMC3873916
Journal Article
Hepatitis C viremia is associated with cytomegalovirus IgG antibody levels in HIV-infected women
PLoS One
2013
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23613990
BACKGROUND: Individuals with HIV infection exhibit high cytomegalovirus (CMV) IgG levels, but there are few data regarding the association of hepatitis C virus (HCV) with the immune response against CMV. METHODS: Associations of HCV with CMV seropositivity and CMV IgG levels were studied in 635 HIV-infected women, 187 of whom were HCV-seropositive, with adjustment in multivariable models for age, race/ethnicity, and HIV disease characteristics. Eighty one percent of the women reported receipt of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) prior to or at CMV testing. RESULTS: In adjusted models women with chronic HCV had higher CMV IgG levels than those without HCV RNA (beta = 2.86, 95% CI:0.89 - 4.83; P = 0.004). The association of HCV RNA with CMV IgG differed by age (P(interaction) = 0.0007), with a strong association observed among women in the low and middle age tertiles (</= 45.3 years of age; beta = 6.21, 95% CI:3.30 - 9.11, P<0.0001) but not among women in the high age tertile.
10.1371/journal.pone.0061973
23613990
PMC3629158
Adult Cytomegalovirus/*immunology Demography Female HIV Infections/*blood/*complications/immunology/virology HIV Seropositivity/blood/complications/immunology/virology Hepatitis C/*blood/*complications/virology Herpesvirus 4, Human/immunology Humans Immunoglobulin G/*blood Middle Aged RNA, Viral/blood Viremia/*complications/immunology/virology
Kuniholm MH, Parrinello CM, Anastos K, Augenbraun M, Plankey M, Nowicki M, Peters M, Golub ET, Lurain N, Landay AL, Strickler HD, Kaplan RC (2013). Hepatitis C viremia is associated with cytomegalovirus IgG antibody levels in HIV-infected women. PLoS One, 8(4), e61973. PMC3629158
Journal Article
Clinical implications of the cervical Papanicolaou test results in the management of anal warts in HIV-infected women
PLoS One
2013
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24312348
The Papanicolaou test (or Pap test) has long been used as a screening tool to detect cervical precancerous/cancerous lesions. However, studies on the use of this test to predict both the presence and change in size of genital warts are limited. We examined whether cervical Papanicolaou test results are associated with the size of the largest anal wart over time in HIV-infected women in an on-going cohort study in the US. A sample of 976 HIV-infected women included in a public dataset obtained from the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) was selected for analysis. A linear mixed model was performed to determine the relationship between the size of anal warts and cervical Pap test results. About 32% of participants had abnormal cervical Pap test results at baseline. In the adjusted model, a woman with a result of Atypia Squamous Cell Undetermined Significance/Low-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (ASCUS/LSIL) had an anal wart, on average, 12.81 mm(2) larger than a woman with normal
10.1371/journal.pone.0081751
24312348
PMC3842937
Adult Cohort Studies Condylomata Acuminata/*complications/*diagnosis/pathology Female HIV Infections/*complications Humans Middle Aged *Papanicolaou Test Young Adult
Luu HN, Amirian ES, Beasley RP, Piller L, Chan W, Scheurer ME (2013). Clinical implications of the cervical Papanicolaou test results in the management of anal warts in HIV-infected women. PLoS One, 8(11), e81751. PMC3842937
Journal Article
Closing the gap: increases in life expectancy among treated HIV-positive individuals in the United States and Canada
PLoS One
2013
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24367482
BACKGROUND: Combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly increased survival among HIV-positive adults in the United States (U.S.) and Canada, but gains in life expectancy for this region have not been well characterized. We aim to estimate temporal changes in life expectancy among HIV-positive adults on ART from 2000-2007 in the U.S. and Canada. METHODS: Participants were from the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD), aged >/=20 years and on ART. Mortality rates were calculated using participants' person-time from January 1, 2000 or ART initiation until death, loss to follow-up, or administrative censoring December 31, 2007. Life expectancy at age 20, defined as the average number of additional years that a person of a specific age will live, provided the current age-specific mortality rates remain constant, was estimated using abridged life tables. RESULTS: The crude mortality rate was 19.8/1,000 person-years, among 22,937 individua
10.1371/journal.pone.0081355
24367482
PMC3867319
Adult Canada Female HIV Infections/*epidemiology/*mortality Humans *Life Expectancy Male Middle Aged United States Young Adult
Samji H, Cescon A, Hogg RS, Modur SP, Althoff KN, Buchacz K, Burchell AN, Cohen M, Gebo KA, Gill MJ, Justice A, Kirk G, Klein MB, Korthuis PT, Martin J, Napravnik S, Rourke SB, Sterling TR, Silverberg MJ, Deeks S, Jacobson LP, Bosch RJ, Kitahata MM, Goedert JJ, Moore R, Gange SJ; North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD) of IeDEA (2013). Closing the gap: increases in life expectancy among treated HIV-positive individuals in the United States and Canada. PLoS One, 8(12), e81355. PMC3867319
Journal Article
Computational modeling reveals distinct effects of HIV and history of drug use on decision-making processes in women
PLoS One
2013
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23950880
OBJECTIVE: Drug users and HIV-seropositive individuals often show deficits in decision-making; however the nature of these deficits is not well understood. Recent studies have employed computational modeling approaches to disentangle the psychological processes involved in decision-making. Although such approaches have been used successfully with a number of clinical groups including drug users, no study to date has used computational modeling to examine the effects of HIV on decision-making. In this study, we use this approach to investigate the effects of HIV and drug use on decision-making processes in women, who remain a relatively understudied population. METHOD: Fifty-seven women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) were classified into one of four groups based on their HIV status and history of crack cocaine and/or heroin drug use (DU): HIV+/DU+ (n = 14); HIV+/DU- (n = 17); HIV-/DU+ (n = 14); and HIV-/DU- (n = 12). We measured decision-making with the Iowa Gambli
10.1371/journal.pone.0068962
23950880
PMC3737214
Adult Algorithms Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use *Computer Simulation *Decision Making Female HIV Infections/drug therapy/physiopathology/psychology HIV Seropositivity/drug therapy/physiopathology/*psychology Humans Learning/physiology Longitudinal Studies Memory/physiology Middle Aged *Models, Psychological Patient Compliance/psychology Psychomotor Performance/physiology Reading Substance-Related Disorders/physiopathology/*psychology Wechsler Scales
Vassileva J, Ahn WY, Weber KM, Busemeyer JR, Stout JC, Gonzalez R, Cohen MH (2013). Computational modeling reveals distinct effects of HIV and history of drug use on decision-making processes in women. PLoS One, 8(8), e68962. PMC3737214
Journal Article
Association study of common genetic variants and HIV-1 acquisition in 6,300 infected cases and 7,200 controls
PLoS Pathog
2013
Jul-13
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23935489
Multiple genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been performed in HIV-1 infected individuals, identifying common genetic influences on viral control and disease course. Similarly, common genetic correlates of acquisition of HIV-1 after exposure have been interrogated using GWAS, although in generally small samples. Under the auspices of the International Collaboration for the Genomics of HIV, we have combined the genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data collected by 25 cohorts, studies, or institutions on HIV-1 infected individuals and compared them to carefully matched population-level data sets (a list of all collaborators appears in Note S1 in Text S1). After imputation using the 1,000 Genomes Project reference panel, we tested approximately 8 million common DNA variants (SNPs and indels) for association with HIV-1 acquisition in 6,334 infected patients and 7,247 population samples of European ancestry. Initial association testing identified the SNP rs4418214, the
10.1371/journal.ppat.1003515
23935489
PMC3723635
Case-Control Studies Cohort Studies European Continental Ancestry Group Genetic Predisposition to Disease Genome-Wide Association Study HIV Infections/*genetics/virology HIV-1/*physiology *Host-Pathogen Interactions Humans *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
McLaren PJ, Coulonges C, Ripke S, van den Berg L, Buchbinder S, Carrington M, Cossarizza A, Dalmau J, Deeks SG, Delaneau O, De Luca A, Goedert JJ, Haas D, Herbeck JT, Kathiresan S, Kirk GD, Lambotte O, Luo M, Mallal S, van Manen D, Martinez-Picado J, Meyer L, Miro JM, Mullins JI, Obel N, O'Brien SJ, Pereyra F, Plummer FA, Poli G, Qi Y, Rucart P, Sandhu MS, Shea PR, Schuitemaker H, Theodorou I, Vannberg F, Veldink J, Walker BD, Weintrob A, Winkler CA, Wolinsky S, Telenti A, Goldstein DB, de Bakker PI, Zagury JF, Fellay J (2013). Association study of common genetic variants and HIV-1 acquisition in 6,300 infected cases and 7,200 controls. PLoS Pathog, 9(7), e1003515. PMC3723635
Journal Article
Evidence for IFNalpha-induced, SAMHD1-independent inhibitors of early HIV-1 infection
Retrovirology
2013
25-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23442224
BACKGROUND: Type I interferon (IFN) treatment of some cells, including dendritic cells, macrophages and monocytic THP-1 cells, restricts HIV-1 infection and prevents viral cDNA accumulation. Sterile alpha motif and HD domain protein 1 (SAMHD1), a dGTP-regulated deoxynucleotide triphosphohydrolase, reduces HIV-1 infectivity in myeloid cells, likely by limiting dNTPs available for reverse transcription, and has been described as IFNalpha-inducible. Myeloid cell infection by HIV-1 is enhanced by HIV-2/SIVSM Vpx, which promotes SAMHD1 degradation, or by exogenous deoxyribonucleoside (dN) addition. FINDINGS: SAMHD1 expression was not substantially influenced by IFNalpha treatment of monocyte-derived macrophages or THP-1 cells. The contributions of SAMHD1 to the inhibition of HIV-1 infectivity by IFNalpha were assessed through the provision of Vpx, exogenous dN addition, or via RNAi-mediated SAMHD1 knock-down. Both Vpx and dN efficiently restored infection in IFNalpha-treated macrophages, al
10.1186/1742-4690-10-23
23442224
PMC3598776
Cell Line Gene Knockdown Techniques HIV-1/*immunology Humans Interferon-alpha/*immunology Macrophages/*immunology/*virology Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism Nucleotides/metabolism SAM Domain and HD Domain-Containing Protein 1 Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins/metabolism
Goujon C, Schaller T, Galão RP, Amie SM, Kim B, Olivieri K, Neil SJ, Malim MH (2013). Evidence for IFNalpha-induced, SAMHD1-independent inhibitors of early HIV-1 infection. Retrovirology, 10(), 23. PMC3598776
Journal Article
The S40 residue in HIV-1 Gag p6 impacts local and distal budding determinants, revealing additional late domain activities
Retrovirology
2013
21-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24257210
BACKGROUND: HIV-1 budding is directed primarily by two motifs in Gag p6 designated as late domain-1 and -2 that recruit ESCRT machinery by binding Tsg101 and Alix, respectively, and by poorly characterized determinants in the capsid (CA) domain. Here, we report that a conserved Gag p6 residue, S40, impacts budding mediated by all of these determinants. RESULTS: Whereas budding normally results in formation of single spherical particles ~100 nm in diameter and containing a characteristic electron-dense conical core, the substitution of Phe for S40, a change that does not alter the amino acids encoded in the overlapping pol reading frame, resulted in defective CA-SP1 cleavage, formation of strings of tethered particles or filopodia-like membrane protrusions containing Gag, and diminished infectious particle formation. The S40F-mediated release defects were exacerbated when the viral-encoded protease (PR) was inactivated or when L domain-1 function was disrupted or when budding was almost
10.1186/1742-4690-10-143
24257210
PMC3907034
Amino Acid Substitution Animals COS Cells Calcium-Binding Proteins/*metabolism Cell Cycle Proteins/*metabolism Chlorocebus aethiops DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport/*metabolism HIV-1/genetics/*physiology *Host-Pathogen Interactions Microscopy, Electron Mutant Proteins/genetics/metabolism Protein Binding Transcription Factors/*metabolism Two-Hybrid System Techniques *Virus Release gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/genetics/*metabolism
Watanabe SM, Chen MH, Khan M, Ehrlich L, Kemal KS, Weiser B, Shi B, Chen C, Powell M, Anastos K, Burger H, Carter CA (2013). The S40 residue in HIV-1 Gag p6 impacts local and distal budding determinants, revealing additional late domain activities. Retrovirology, 10(), 143. PMC3907034
Journal Article
Influence of HLA-C expression level on HIV control
Science
2013
4/5/2013
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23559252
A variant upstream of human leukocyte antigen C (HLA-C) shows the most significant genome-wide effect on HIV control in European Americans and is also associated with the level of HLA-C expression. We characterized the differential cell surface expression levels of all common HLA-C allotypes and tested directly for effects of HLA-C expression on outcomes of HIV infection in 5243 individuals. Increasing HLA-C expression was associated with protection against multiple outcomes independently of individual HLA allelic effects in both African and European Americans, regardless of their distinct HLA-C frequencies and linkage relationships with HLA-B and HLA-A. Higher HLA-C expression was correlated with increased likelihood of cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses and frequency of viral escape mutation. In contrast, high HLA-C expression had a deleterious effect in Crohn's disease, suggesting a broader influence of HLA expression levels in human disease
10.1126/science.1232685
23559252
PMC3784322
African Americans agent Alleles Amino Acid Sequence Anti-Retroviral Agents Antigens application cancer control Crohn Disease cytotoxic Disease drug therapy effects Epitopes Gene Expression Regulation genetics Hiv HIV infection HIV Infections HLA HLA-C Antigens Human Humans Immunodominant Epitopes immunology infection Inflammation Laboratories lymphocyte Molecular Sequence Data Mutation outcome Peptide Fragments Polymorphism,Single Nucleotide research response support T-Lymphocytes,Cytotoxic therapeutic use Viral Load
Apps R, Qi Y, Carlson JM, Chen H, Gao X, Thomas R, Yuki Y, Del Prete GQ, Goulder P, Brumme ZL, Brumme CJ, John M, Mallal S, Nelson G, Bosch R, Heckerman D, Stein JL, Soderberg KA, Moody MA, Denny TN, Zeng X, Fang J, Moffett A, Lifson JD, Goedert JJ, Buchbinder S, Kirk GD, Fellay J, McLaren P, Deeks SG, Pereyra F, Walker B, Michael NL, Weintrob A, Wolinsky S, Liao W, Carrington M (2013). Influence of HLA-C expression level on HIV control. Science, 340(6128), 87-91. PMC3784322
Journal Article
HIV-1 Trans Infection of CD4(+) T Cells by Professional Antigen Presenting Cells
Scientifica (Cairo)
2013
2013
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24278768
Since the 1990s we have known of the fascinating ability of a complex set of professional antigen presenting cells (APCs; dendritic cells, monocytes/macrophages, and B lymphocytes) to mediate HIV-1 trans infection of CD4(+) T cells. This results in a burst of virus replication in the T cells that is much greater than that resulting from direct, cis infection of either APC or T cells, or trans infection between T cells. Such APC-to-T cell trans infection first involves a complex set of virus subtype, attachment, entry, and replication patterns that have many similarities among APC, as well as distinct differences related to virus receptors, intracellular trafficking, and productive and nonproductive replication pathways. The end result is that HIV-1 can sequester within the APC for several days and be transmitted via membrane extensions intracellularly and extracellularly to T cells across the virologic synapse. Virus replication requires activated T cells that can develop concurrently
10.1155/2013/164203
24278768
PMC3820354
B-Lymphocytes CD4 CD4+ cells Dendritic Cells Disease health Hiv-1 HIV-1 infection infection infectious diseases lymphocyte Lymphocytes microbiology Pittsburgh Public Health research review Role t cell t-cells transmission transmitted virus Virus Replication
C. R. Rinaldo (2013). HIV-1 Trans Infection of CD4(+) T Cells by Professional Antigen Presenting Cells. Scientifica (Cairo), 2013(), 164203. PMC3820354
Journal Article
A C17T polymorphism in the mu opiate receptor is associated with quantitative measures of drug use in African American women
Addict Biol
2012
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21070507
Previous studies of the association of the C17T polymorphism of the mu opiate receptor gene with substance dependence compared cases with substance dependence to controls and usually found no significant association. However, the studies were limited by small sample size-no study had more than 12 subjects with the TT genotype, a genotype that is rare in white and Asian subjects. Moreover, drug use is not dichotomous but follows a spectrum from non-use to modest, intermittent use, to use several times daily. We asked whether the Kreek-McHugh-Schluger-Kellogg (KMSK) scales for alcohol, cocaine, opiates and tobacco that quantify substance use during the time of a subject's maximal use might be more sensitive measures than dichotomous outcomes. We administered the KMSK scales and completed C17T genotyping on 1009 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and 469 HIV-uninfected women in The Women's Interagency HIV Study, an ongoing study of HIV in women. Forty-two of the 697 African Ameri
10.1111/j.1369-1600.2010.00265.x
21070507
PMC3117061
Adult African Americans/*genetics Blood Proteins/*genetics Cohort Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Cytokines/*genetics Female Humans Middle Aged Odds Ratio Polymorphism, Genetic/*genetics Prospective Studies Receptors, Opioid, mu/*genetics Substance-Related Disorders/*genetics
Crystal HA, Hamon S, Randesi M, Cook J, Anastos K, Lazar J, Liu C, Pearce L, Golub E, Valcour V, Weber KM, Holman S, Ho A, Kreek MJ (2012). A C17T polymorphism in the mu opiate receptor is associated with quantitative measures of drug use in African American women. Addict Biol, 17(1), 181-91. PMC3117061
Journal Article
Assessing mortality in women with hepatitis C virus and HIV using indirect markers of fibrosis
AIDS
2012
13-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22156972
OBJECTIVE: Co-infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected individuals. However, predictors of mortality are poorly defined and most studies have focused predominantly on co-infection in men. We evaluated whether two indirect markers of hepatic fibrosis, aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) and FIB-4 scores, were predictive of mortality in a well defined longitudinal cohort of HCV/HIV-co-infected women on HAART. METHODS: HCV/HIV-co-infected women on antiretroviral therapy enrolled in Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), a National Institutes of Health-funded prospective, multicenter, cohort study of women with and at risk for HIV infection were included. Using Cox regression analysis, associations between APRI and FIB-4 with all-cause mortality were assessed. RESULTS: Four hundred and fifty HCV/HIV-co-infected women, of whom 191 women died, had a median follow-up of 6.6 years and 5739 WIHS visits. Compared with
10.1097/QAD.0b013e32834fa121
22156972
PMC3698040
Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood Female Follow-Up Studies HIV Infections/complications/drug therapy/*mortality Hepatitis C/complications/*mortality Humans Liver Cirrhosis/blood/complications/*mortality Longitudinal Studies Middle Aged Platelet Count Proportional Hazards Models Risk Factors Viral Load
Bambha K, Pierce C, Cox C, French AL, Tien PC, Sharp GB, Augenbraun M, Glesby MJ, Villacres MC, Plankey M, Strickler HD, Gange SJ, Peters MG (2012). Assessing mortality in women with hepatitis C virus and HIV using indirect markers of fibrosis. AIDS, 26(5), 599-607. PMC3698040
Journal Article
Underlying genetic structure impacts the association between CYP2B6 polymorphisms and response to efavirenz and nevirapine
AIDS
2012
23-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22951632
OBJECTIVE: CYP2B6 variation predicts pharmacokinetic characteristics of its substrates. Consideration for underlying genetic structure is critical to protect against spurious associations with the highly polymorphic CYP2B6 gene. DESIGN: The effect of CYP2B6 variation on response to its substrates, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), was explored in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. METHODS: Five putative functional polymorphisms were tested for associations with virologic suppression within 1 year after NNRTI initiation in women naive to antiretroviral agents (n = 91). Principal components were generated to control for population substructure. Logistic regression was used to test the joint effect of rs3745274 and rs28399499, which together indicate slow, intermediate, and extensive metabolizers. RESULTS: Rs3745274 was significantly associated with virologic suppression [odds ratio = 3.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16-11.22, P trend = 0.03]; the remaining poly
10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283593602
22951632
PMC3940150
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*drug therapy/epidemiology/immunology Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage/pharmacokinetics/*pharmacology Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases/*drug effects Benzoxazines/administration & dosage/pharmacokinetics/*pharmacology Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6 Female Genetic Variation Genotype Humans Nevirapine/administration & dosage/pharmacokinetics/*pharmacology Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating/*drug effects *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide United States/epidemiology Viral Load
Frasco MA, Mack WJ, Van Den Berg D, Aouizerat BE, Anastos K, Cohen M, De Hovitz J, Golub ET, Greenblatt RM, Liu C, Conti DV, Pearce CL (2012). Underlying genetic structure impacts the association between CYP2B6 polymorphisms and response to efavirenz and nevirapine. AIDS, 26(16), 2097-106. PMC3940150
Journal Article
Disparities among US states in HIV-related mortality in persons with HIV infection, 2001-2007
AIDS
2012
2-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22008659
OBJECTIVE: To examine interstate variation in US HIV case-fatality rates, and compare them with corresponding conventional HIV death rates. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis using data on deaths due to HIV infection from the National Vital Statistics System and data on persons 15 years or older living with HIV infection in 2001-2007 in 37 US states from the national HIV/AIDS Reporting System. METHODS: State rankings by age-adjusted HIV case-fatality rates (with HIV-infected population denominators) were compared with rankings by conventional death rates (with general population denominators). Negative binomial regression determined case-fatality rate ratios among states, adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, year, and state-level markers of late HIV diagnosis. RESULTS: On the basis of 3,096,729 HIV-infected person-years, the overall HIV case-fatality rate was 20.6 per 1000 person-years [95% confidence interval (CI) 20.3-20.9]. Age-adjusted rates by state ranged from 9.6 (95% CI 6.8-12.
10.1097/QAD.0b013e32834dcf87
22008659
PMC3753692
Adolescent Adult Analysis of Variance Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Cross-Sectional Studies Female HIV Infections/drug therapy/epidemiology/*mortality *Health Status Disparities *Healthcare Disparities Humans Male Population Surveillance United States/epidemiology Young Adult
Hanna DB, Selik RM, Tang T, Gange SJ (2012). Disparities among US states in HIV-related mortality in persons with HIV infection, 2001-2007. AIDS, 26(1), 95-103. PMC3753692
Journal Article
NIHMS500660
Is the virulence of HIV changing? A meta-analysis of trends in prognostic markers of HIV disease progression and transmission
AIDS
2012
1/14/2012
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22089381
OBJECTIVE:: The potential for changing HIV-1 virulence has significant implications for the AIDS epidemic, including changing HIV transmission rates, rapidity of disease progression, and timing of ART. Published data to date have provided conflicting results. DESIGN:: We conducted a meta-analysis of changes in baseline CD4 T-cell counts and set point plasma viral RNA load over time in order to establish whether summary trends are consistent with changing HIV-1 virulence. METHODS:: We searched PubMed for studies of trends in HIV-1 prognostic markers of disease progression and supplemented findings with publications referenced in epidemiological or virulence studies. We identified 12 studies of trends in baseline CD4 T-cell counts (21 052 total individuals), and eight studies of trends in set point viral loads (10 785 total individuals), spanning the years 1984-2010. Using random-effects meta-analysis, we estimated summary effect sizes for trends in HIV-1 plasma viral loads and CD4 T-cel
10.1097/QAD.0b013e32834db418 [doi]
22089381
PMC3597098
AIDS ART Baltimore biology CD4 Cell Count cells change Disease Disease Progression epidemic epidemiology health Hiv HIV transmission Hiv-1 infection infectious diseases Italy marker markers Maryland Meta-Analysis methods microbiology Netherlands Plasma progression Public Health Risk Rna study Switzerland t cell t-cells Time transmission trends Viral Load Virulence
Herbeck JT, Müller V, Maust BS, Ledergerber B, Torti C, Di Giambenedetto S, Gras L, Günthard HF, Jacobson LP, Mullins JI, Gottlieb GS (2012). Is the virulence of HIV changing? A meta-analysis of trends in prognostic markers of HIV disease progression and transmission. AIDS, 26(2), 193-205. PMC3597098
Journal Article
Risk factors for chronic kidney disease in a large cohort of HIV-1 infected individuals initiating antiretroviral therapy in routine care
AIDS
2012
24-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22824630
OBJECTIVE: To examine long-term effects of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on kidney function, we evaluated the incidence and risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD) among ART-naive, HIV-infected adults and compared changes in estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) before and after starting ART. METHODS: Multicenter observational cohort study of patients with at least one serum creatinine measurement before and after initiating ART. Cox proportional hazard models, and marginal structure models examined CKD risk factors; mixed-effects linear models examined eGFR slopes. RESULTS: Three thousand, three hundred and twenty-nine patients met entry criteria, contributing 10 099 person-years of observation on ART. ART was associated with a significantly slower rate of eGFR decline (from -2.18 to -1.37 ml/min per 1.73 m per year; P = 0.02). The incidence of CKD defined by eGFR thresholds of 60, 45 and 30 ml/min per 1.73 m was 10.5, 3.4 and 1.6 per 1000 person-years, respectively. In ad
10.1097/QAD.0b013e328357f5ed
22824630
PMC3531628
AIDS-Associated Nephropathy/*diagnosis/epidemiology Adenine/adverse effects/analogs & derivatives Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*administration & dosage/adverse effects CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Creatinine/blood Female Glomerular Filtration Rate HIV Seropositivity/*diagnosis/drug therapy/epidemiology *hiv-1 Hepatitis C/*diagnosis/drug therapy/epidemiology Humans Incidence Male Middle Aged Organophosphonates/adverse effects Proportional Hazards Models Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/chemically induced/*diagnosis/epidemiology/*etiology Risk Factors Ritonavir/administration & dosage Tenofovir United States/epidemiology Viral Load/drug effects
Kalayjian RC, Lau B, Mechekano RN, Crane HM, Rodriguez B, Salata RA, Krishnasami Z, Willig JH, Martin JN, Moore RD, Eron JJ, Kitahata MM (2012). Risk factors for chronic kidney disease in a large cohort of HIV-1 infected individuals initiating antiretroviral therapy in routine care. AIDS, 26(15), 1907-15. PMC3531628
Journal Article
NIHMS427232
Regional differences in predictive accuracy of WHO immunologic failure criteria
AIDS
2012
27-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22269974
We compared the performance of the WHO immunologic criteria for treatment failure among Uganda and American patients. Antiretroviral treatment-naive patients with a CD4 T-cell count less than 200 cells/mul or AIDS at enrollment on a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors-based regimen for more than 1 year were selected. For all criteria, the positive predictive value was significantly higher in the American compared with the Ugandan patients. Population-specific guidelines should be developed using large African cohorts to identify more specific and sensitive criteria.
10.1097/QAD.0b013e32835143e3
22269974
PMC3812797
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/complications Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications/drug therapy/immunology Adult CD4 Lymphocyte Count CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology Female HIV Infections/complications/drug therapy/*immunology Humans Male Residence Characteristics Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/therapeutic use Treatment Failure Uganda United States Viral Load
Kiragga AN, Castelnuovo B, Kamya MR, Moore R, Manabe YC (2012). Regional differences in predictive accuracy of WHO immunologic failure criteria. AIDS, 26(6), 768-70. PMC3812797
Journal Article
NIHMS518659
Replication of RYR3 gene polymorphism association with cIMT among HIV-infected whites
AIDS
2012
7/31/2012
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22627881
To replicate the association of variants in RYR3 gene with common carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), a surrogate marker of atherosclerosis, we genotyped single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs2229116 and rs7177922 in a sub-population of 244 HIV-positive and HIV-negative men. SNP rs2229116 was associated with common cIMT in HIV infected white men after adjusting for age and use of stavudine (d4T). The association was more evident at younger ages and decreased among older individuals
10.1097/QAD.0b013e328355359f [doi]
22627881
PMC3606588
age Age Factors Atherosclerosis Calcium Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Case-Control Studies complications epidemiology European Continental Ancestry Group genetics Hiv HIV Infections Humans Male marker Middle Aged Polymorphism,Single Nucleotide research Risk Factors Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel Stavudine support surrogate marker Whites
Shrestha S, Yan Q, Joseph G, Arnett DK, Martinson JJ, Kingsley LA (2012). Replication of RYR3 gene polymorphism association with cIMT among HIV-infected whites. AIDS, 26(12), 1571-1573. PMC3606588
Journal Article
B-cell activation induced microRNA-21 is elevated in circulating B cells preceding the diagnosis of AIDS-related non-Hodgkin lymphomas
AIDS
2012
6/1/2012
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22487708
We show that microRNA-21 is significantly elevated in peripheral B cells of HIV-infected individuals who go on to develop AIDS-related non-Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 13, <3 years prior to diagnosis) when compared with HIV-negative (n = 18) or HIV-positive controls (n = 21) (P < 0.01). Moreover, miR-21 is overexpressed in activated B cells and can be induced by interleukin 4 alone, or with CD40 or immunoglobulin M co-stimulation, and lipopolysaccharides, suggesting that miR-21 may help maintain B-cell hyperactivation, contributing to lymphomagenesis
10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283543e0e
22487708
PMC3355225
activation AIDS AIDS-related B cells Baltimore cancer cells Chicago control diagnosis Disease epidemiology genetics health Illinois immunoglobulin Immunoglobulin M immunology infectious diseases Interleukin-4 Lipopolysaccharides Los Angeles lymphoma Maryland microbiology Pennsylvania Pittsburgh Public Health
Thapa DR, Bhatia K, Bream JH, DʼSouza G, Rinaldo CR, Wolinsky S, Detels R, Martínez-Maza O (2012). B-cell activation induced microRNA-21 is elevated in circulating B cells preceding the diagnosis of AIDS-related non-Hodgkin lymphomas. AIDS, 26(9), 1177-1180. PMC3355225
Journal Article
Comparing different measures of retention in outpatient HIV care
AIDS
2012
1-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22382143
OBJECTIVES: The US National HIV/AIDS Strategy identifies retention in care as an important quality performance measure. There is no gold standard to measure retention in care. This study is the first to compare different measures of retention, using a large geographically diverse sample. DESIGN: A prospective cohort of 17,425 HIV-infected adults enrolled in care at 12 US HIV clinics between 2001 and 2008. METHODS: We compared three measures of retention for each patient: proportion of time not spent in a gap of more than 6 months between successive outpatient visits; proportion of 91-day quarters in which at least one visit occurred; proportion of years in which two or more visits separated by at least 90 days occurred. Associations among measures and effects of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were examined. RESULTS: The three measures of retention were moderately to strongly correlated. Averaging across patients, 71% of time in care was not spent in a gap more than 6 mon
10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283528afa
22382143
PMC3355231
Adolescent Adult Age Factors Ambulatory Care/*statistics & numerical data CD4 Lymphocyte Count Female HIV Infections/*therapy Humans Male Middle Aged Outcome Assessment, Health Care/standards/*statistics & numerical data *Patient Compliance Prospective Studies Risk Factors Sex Factors United States Young Adult
Yehia BR, Fleishman JA, Metlay JP, Korthuis PT, Agwu AL, Berry SA, Moore RD, Gebo KA; HIV Research Network (2012). Comparing different measures of retention in outpatient HIV care. AIDS, 26(9), 1131-9. PMC3355231
Journal Article
NIHMS360379
Are smokers with HIV using information and communication technology? Implications for behavioral interventions
AIDS Behav
2012
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21390537
Smoking is highly prevalent among persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and associated with adverse outcomes including malignancy and cardiovascular disease. Information and communication technology (ICT) may be effective in disseminating cessation interventions among PLWHA. This study examines the prevalence of ICT use among 492 PLWHA attending an urban clinic and characteristics associated with ICT use. Participants completed a survey of demographics, smoking status, and ICT use. Factors associated with ICT use were examined with logistic regression. Overall, 63% of participants smoked with 73% of smokers owning their own cell phone. Use of other modalities was lower, with 48% of smokers reporting any internet use, 39% text messaging, and 31% using email. Higher education was associated with the use of all modalities. Cell phone interventions may have the broadest reach among PLWHA, though with almost half using the internet, this may also be a low-cost means of delivering cessation i
10.1007/s10461-011-9914-1
21390537
PMC3203991
Adult Baltimore/epidemiology Cross-Sectional Studies Electronic Mail/*statistics & numerical data Female HIV Seropositivity/*epidemiology Health Promotion/methods Humans Information Dissemination/*methods Male Middle Aged Patient Compliance/*statistics & numerical data Prevalence Smoking/adverse effects/*epidemiology/therapy Smoking Cessation/*methods Text Messaging/*statistics & numerical data
Chander G, Stanton C, Hutton HE, Abrams DB, Pearson J, Knowlton A, Latkin C, Holtgrave D, Moore RD, Niaura R (2012). Are smokers with HIV using information and communication technology? Implications for behavioral interventions. AIDS Behav, 16(2), 383-8. PMC3203991
Journal Article
NIHMS313171
Middle-aged and older men who have sex with men exhibit multiple trajectories with respect to the number of sexual partners
AIDS Behav
2012
Apr-12
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21390536
This study aimed to examine trajectories with respect to the number of sexual partners among older men who have sex with men and to determine characteristics associated with trajectory groups. Nagin's group-based modeling was used to identify trajectories for 237 men from the Pitt Men's Study with respect to the number of male intercourse partners from age 50.0 to 59.5. Three distinct trajectory groups were identified. Most men (69.2%) had a median of two sexual partners in the past 6 months across the age range of the study. A smaller group (19.4%) had low or no sex partners. The smallest group (11.4%) had 30 or more sexual partners in the past 6 months at age 50. The groups were statistically different with respect to race, HIV status, drug use (marijuana, poppers, crack cocaine, and Viagra), the number of unprotected anal sex partners, and personal attitudes towards sex
10.1007/s10461-011-9916-z [doi]
21390536
PMC3584179
age Attitude behavioral characteristics drug use health Hiv Male Middle Aged personal Pitt Men's Study Pittsburgh poppers Public Health sex sexual Sexual Partners study
Lim SH, Christen CL, Marshal MP, Stall RD, Markovic N, Kim KH, Silvestre AJ (2012). Middle-aged and older men who have sex with men exhibit multiple trajectories with respect to the number of sexual partners. AIDS Behav, 16(3), 590-598. PMC3584179
Journal Article
Changes in stimulant drug use over time in the MACS: evidence for resilience against stimulant drug use among men who have sex with men
AIDS Behav
2012
Jan-12
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21191644
Stimulant drug use is associated with numerous health problems among men who have sex with men (MSM). This paper describes how stimulant drug use changes over a four and one-half year period from 2003 until 2008. Participants were 2,389 men (17,222 person-visits) from The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS)-an ongoing, prospective study of HIV infection among MSM. Group-based trajectory analyses of data from these men over the study period yielded a four groups solution: consistent users (9.8%), men whose use increased (5.4%), men whose use declined (6.9%), and abstinent or rarely-using men (77.9%). There were significant differences between groups in terms of demographic, behavioral risk and HIV serostatus. Men who increased or decreased stimulant drug use over time reported congruent changes in sexual risk taking. The fact that sexual risk levels parallel stimulant drug use over time suggests that finding ways to lower rates of stimulant drug use among MSM could be a tool in HIV pre
10.1007/s10461-010-9866-x [doi]
21191644
PMC3133874
AIDS behavioral change cohort Cohort Studies cohort study drug use health Hiv HIV infection infection MACS MSM multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Pittsburgh prevention Prospective Studies Public Health research Risk Risk-Taking serostatus sex sexual study support Time
Lim SH, Ostrow D, Stall R, Chmiel J, Herrick A, Shoptaw S, Kao U, Carrico A, Plankey M (2012). Changes in stimulant drug use over time in the MACS: evidence for resilience against stimulant drug use among men who have sex with men. AIDS Behav, 16(1), 151-158. PMC3133874
Journal Article
Labor force participation and health-related quality of life in HIV-positive men who have sex with men: The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
AIDS Behav
2012
Nov-12
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22814570
Too many people with HIV have left the job market permanently and those with reduced work capacity have been unable to keep their jobs. There is a need to examine the health effects of labor force participation in people with HIV. This study presents longitudinal data from 1,415 HIV-positive men who have sex with men taking part in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Generalized Estimating Equations show that employment is associated with better physical and mental health quality of life and suggests that there may be an adaptation process to the experience of unemployment. Post hoc analyses also suggest that people who are more physically vulnerable may undergo steeper health declines due to job loss than those who are generally healthier. However, this may also be the result of a selection effect whereby poor physical health contributes to unemployment. Policies that promote labor force participation may not only increase employment rates but also improve the health of people living w
10.1007/s10461-012-0257-3
22814570
PMC3575137
AIDS Canada cohort Cohort Studies cohort study effects Employment health Hiv longitudinal longitudinal data Mental Health multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study policy Quality of Life sex study treatment
Rueda S, Raboud J, Plankey M, Ostrow D, Mustard C, Rourke SB, Jacobson LP, Bekele T, Bayoumi A, Lavis J, Detels R, Silvestre AJ (2012). Labor force participation and health-related quality of life in HIV-positive men who have sex with men: The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. AIDS Behav, 16(8), 2350-2360. PMC3575137
Journal Article
Influence of gender on receipt of guideline-based antiretroviral therapy in the era of HAART
AIDS Care
2012
Jan-12
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21732716
United States HIV guidelines delineate preferred antiretroviral treatment (ART) and discourage use of sub-potent, toxic, or adversely interacting combinations. It is unclear how often patients receive guideline concordant ART and what factors are correlated with receiving guideline-inconsistent ART. The objective of this study was to assess ART reported by participants of the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) and the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) to determine whether gender is associated with receipt of guideline-inconsistent ART. ART reported by WIHS and MACS participants from 1 January 2001, to 31 December 2007, was assessed for concordance with HIV guidelines. Logistic regression with generalized estimating equations estimated the crude and adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals associated with guideline-inconsistent regimens. Of 2937 participants, 463 subjects (WIHS n = 263; MACS n = 200) reported guideline-inconsistent ART during the study period. Age > 50 yea
10.1080/09540121.2011.592814
21732716
PMC3222784
Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*statistics & numerical data Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy Hiv-1 Humans Logistic Models Male Middle Aged Practice Guidelines as Topic RNA, Viral Risk Factors Sex Factors United States
Cocohoba JM, Althoff KN, Godfrey R, Palella FJ, Greenblatt RM (2012). Influence of gender on receipt of guideline-based antiretroviral therapy in the era of HAART. AIDS Care, 24(1), 20-9. PMC3222784
Journal Article
Chronic depressive symptoms and Framingham coronary risk in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women
AIDS Care
2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21902560
Depression is common in people with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and those with HIV, and is a risk factor for CVD-related mortality. However, little is known about whether HIV influences the relationship between depression and cardiovascular risk. A total of 526 HIV-infected and 132 uninfected women from the Women's Interagency HIV Study were included in an analysis of women who completed twice-yearly study visits over 9.5 years. CVD risk was calculated at baseline and approximately 9.5 years later using the Framingham Risk Score (FRS). Chronic depressive symptoms were defined as Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale scores of 16 or greater at >/=75% of study visits. Over the follow-up period, 22.8% of HIV-infected women and 15.9% of HIV-uninfected women had chronic depressive symptoms (p=0.08). Baseline FRS was similar between HIV-infected and uninfected women (M=-5.70 +/- SE=0.30 vs. M=-6.90 +/- SE=0.60, p=0.07) as was follow-up FRS (M=0.82 +/- SE=0.30 vs. M=-0.44 +/- SE
10.1080/09540121.2011.608791
21902560
PMC3243818
Adult Cardiovascular Diseases/*epidemiology/psychology Comorbidity Depression/*epidemiology/psychology Female Follow-Up Studies HIV Infections/*epidemiology/psychology Humans Risk Factors Women's Health
Schwartz RM, Mansoor A, Wilson TE, Anastos K, Everson-Rose SA, Golub ET, Goparaju L, Hessol NA, Mack WJ, Lazar J (2012). Chronic depressive symptoms and Framingham coronary risk in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women. AIDS Care, 24(3), 394-403. PMC3243818
Journal Article
The impact of impaired kidney function and HIV infection on the risk of anemia
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2012
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22632256
Chronic kidney disease and HIV infection both independently increase the risk of anemia. It is not known if individuals with both HIV infection and kidney dysfunction are at greater than expected risk of anemia resulting from the combined effect of these factors. Men from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study with AIDS-free time after 1996 were included in the analysis if they had an initial hemoglobin value greater than 13 g/dl and available serum creatinine measurements for the estimation of glomerular filtration rate. Hemoglobin data were fit parametrically using a linear mixed effects model and effects of medication use on hemoglobin levels were removed using censoring methods. The effect of both HIV infection and glomerular filtration rate less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m(2) on the mean hemoglobin value was assessed. The risk of having anemia (hemoglobin level falling below 13 g/dl) was estimated. There were 862 HIV-infected and 1,214 HIV-uninfected men who contributed to the analysis. Hemo
10.1089/AID.2011.0188
22632256
PMC3505063
Adult Aged Anemia/*epidemiology HIV Infections/*complications Hemoglobins/analysis Humans Kidney Diseases/*complications Male Middle Aged Risk Assessment
Abraham AG, Palella FJ, Li X, Estrella MM, Kingsley LA, Witt MD, Jacobson LP (2012). The impact of impaired kidney function and HIV infection on the risk of anemia. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 28(12), 1666-71. PMC3505063
Journal Article
Recombination between variants from genital tract and plasma: evolution of multidrug-resistant HIV type 1
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2012
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22364185
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) HIV-1 presents a challenge to the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy (ART). To examine mechanisms leading to MDR variants in infected individuals, we studied recombination between single viral genomes from the genital tract and plasma of a woman initiating ART. We determined HIV-1 RNA sequences and drug resistance profiles of 159 unique viral variants obtained before ART and semiannually for 4 years thereafter. Soon after initiating zidovudine, lamivudine, and nevirapine, resistant variants and intrapatient HIV-1 recombinants were detected in both compartments; the recombinants had inherited genetic material from both genital and plasma-derived viruses. Twenty-three unique recombinants were documented during 4 years of therapy, comprising ~22% of variants. Most recombinant genomes displayed similar breakpoints and clustered phylogenetically, suggesting evolution from common ancestors. Longitudinal analysis demonstrated that MDR recombinants were common and per
10.1089/AID.2011.0383
22364185
PMC3505048
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage Female Genitalia, Female/*virology HIV Infections/drug therapy/*virology HIV-1/*classification/*genetics/isolation & purification Humans Lamivudine/administration & dosage Molecular Sequence Data Nevirapine/administration & dosage Plasma/*virology RNA, Viral/genetics *Recombination, Genetic Sequence Analysis, DNA Zidovudine/administration & dosage
Kemal KS, Ramirez CM, Burger H, Foley B, Mayers D, Klimkait T, Hamy F, Anastos K, Petrovic K, Minin VN, Suchard MA, Weiser B (2012). Recombination between variants from genital tract and plasma: evolution of multidrug-resistant HIV type 1. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 28(12), 1766-74. PMC3505048
Journal Article
Factors associated with incorrect identification of recent HIV infection using the BED capture immunoassay
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2012
Aug-12
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22014036
Abstract The BED capture enzyme immunoassay (BED-CEIA) was developed for estimating HIV incidence from cross-sectional data. This assay misclassifies some individuals with nonrecent HIV infection as recently infected, leading to overestimation of HIV incidence. We analyzed factors associated with misclassification by the BED-CEIA. We analyzed samples from 383 men who were diagnosed with HIV infection less than 1 year after a negative HIV test (Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study). Samples were collected 2-8 years after HIV seroconversion, which was defined as the midpoint between the last negative and first positive HIV test. Samples were analyzed using the BED-CEIA with a cutoff of OD-n </=0.8 for recent infection. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with misclassification. Ninety-one (15.1%) of 603 samples were misclassified. In multivariate models, misclassification was independently associated with highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) for >2 years, HIV R
10.1089/AID.2011.0258 [doi]
22014036
PMC3399553
abstract AIDS assay CD4 Cell Count cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Confidence Intervals cross-sectional Disease HAART health Hiv HIV infection Immunoassay Incidence infection infectious diseases Maryland model multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Odds Ratio Rna seroconversion study treatment Viral Load
Laeyendecker O, Brookmeyer R, Oliver AE, Mullis CE, Eaton KP, Mueller AC, Jacobson LP, Margolick JB, Brown J, Rinaldo CR, Quinn TC, Eshleman SH; Multicenter Aids Cohort Study Macs (2012). Factors associated with incorrect identification of recent HIV infection using the BED capture immunoassay. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 28(8), 816-822. PMC3399553
Journal Article
Insulin resistance and cognition among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected adult women: the Women's Interagency HIV Study
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2012
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21878059
Cognitive impairment remains prevalent in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) and may be partially due to comorbidities. We postulated that insulin resistance (IR) is negatively associated with cognitive performance. We completed a cross-sectional analysis among 1547 (1201 HIV(+)) women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). We evaluated the association of IR with cognitive measures among all WIHS women with concurrent fasting bloods and cognitive testing [Trails A, Trails B, and Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT)] using multiple linear regression models. A smaller subgroup also completed the Stroop test (n=1036). IR was estimated using the Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA). Higher HOMA was associated with poorer performance on the SDMT, Stroop Color-Naming (SCN) trial, and Stroop interference trial, but remained statistically significant only for the SCN in models adjusting for important factors [beta=3.78 s (95% CI: 0.48-7.08), p=0.025, for highest
10.1089/AID.2011.0159
21878059
PMC3332367
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use Cognition Disorders/epidemiology/*etiology/physiopathology/virology Cohort Studies Comorbidity Cross-Sectional Studies Female HIV Seropositivity/complications/*epidemiology/physiopathology Humans *Insulin Resistance Neuropsychological Tests Prevalence Risk Factors United States/epidemiology Women's Health
Valcour V, Maki P, Bacchetti P, Anastos K, Crystal H, Young M, Mack WJ, Cohen M, Golub ET, Tien PC (2012). Insulin resistance and cognition among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected adult women: the Women's Interagency HIV Study. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 28(5), 447-53. PMC3332367
Journal Article
Short-term garlic supplementation and highly active antiretroviral treatment adherence, CD4+ cell counts, and human immunodeficiency virus viral load
Altern Ther Health Med
2012
Jan-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22516847
CONTEXT: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals frequently have consumed garlic, a popular complementary supplement. Researchers rarely have studied garlic's association with antiretroviral therapies, however, even though that association is very relevant clinically. OBJECTIVE: To examine associations of supplemental use of garlic with highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) adherence level and HAART effectiveness (HIV viral load and CD4+ cell counts) in HIV-infected women. DESIGN: The research team carried out a self-controlled, longitudinal study nested within the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). The team used a paired study design that allowed participants to serve as their own controls. The team first identified all of the studies visits in which the participant self-reported the use of a garlic supplement since her last visit (index visit). Then for each index visit, the team identified a matching visit (a control visit) using the following criteria: (
22516847
PMC3376904
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/blood/*therapy Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active CD4 Lymphocyte Count Case-Control Studies *Dietary Supplements Female *Garlic Humans Longitudinal Studies Middle Aged Patient Compliance *Phytotherapy Viral Load
Liu C, Wang C, Robison E, Levine AM, Gandhi M, Schwartz R, Weber KM, Merenstein D (2012). Short-term garlic supplementation and highly active antiretroviral treatment adherence, CD4+ cell counts, and human immunodeficiency virus viral load. Altern Ther Health Med, 18(1), 18-22. PMC3376904
Journal Article
Bayesian posterior distributions without Markov chains
Am J Epidemiol
2012
1-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22306565
Bayesian posterior parameter distributions are often simulated using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods. However, MCMC methods are not always necessary and do not help the uninitiated understand Bayesian inference. As a bridge to understanding Bayesian inference, the authors illustrate a transparent rejection sampling method. In example 1, they illustrate rejection sampling using 36 cases and 198 controls from a case-control study (1976-1983) assessing the relation between residential exposure to magnetic fields and the development of childhood cancer. Results from rejection sampling (odds ratio (OR) = 1.69, 95% posterior interval (PI): 0.57, 5.00) were similar to MCMC results (OR = 1.69, 95% PI: 0.58, 4.95) and approximations from data-augmentation priors (OR = 1.74, 95% PI: 0.60, 5.06). In example 2, the authors apply rejection sampling to a cohort study of 315 human immunodeficiency virus seroconverters (1984-1998) to assess the relation between viral load after infection and 5
10.1093/aje/kwr433
22306565
PMC3282880
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology/virology Adolescent Adult *Bayes Theorem Child Child, Preschool Computer Simulation *Epidemiologic Studies HIV Seropositivity/virology Humans Leukemia/etiology Likelihood Functions Logistic Models Magnetic Fields/adverse effects Male *Markov Chains *Monte Carlo Method Odds Ratio Viral Load
Cole SR, Chu H, Greenland S, Hamra G, Richardson DB (2012). Bayesian posterior distributions without Markov chains. Am J Epidemiol, 175(5), 368-75. PMC3282880
Journal Article
Marginal structural models for case-cohort study designs to estimate the association of antiretroviral therapy initiation with incident AIDS or death
Am J Epidemiol
2012
1-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22302074
To estimate the association of antiretroviral therapy initiation with incident acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or death while accounting for time-varying confounding in a cost-efficient manner, the authors combined a case-cohort study design with inverse probability-weighted estimation of a marginal structural Cox proportional hazards model. A total of 950 adults who were positive for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 were followed in 2 US cohort studies between 1995 and 2007. In the full cohort, 211 AIDS cases or deaths occurred during 4,456 person-years. In an illustrative 20% random subcohort of 190 participants, 41 AIDS cases or deaths occurred during 861 person-years. Accounting for measured confounders and determinants of dropout by inverse probability weighting, the full cohort hazard ratio was 0.41 (95% confidence interval: 0.26, 0.65) and the case-cohort hazard ratio was 0.47 (95% confidence interval: 0.26, 0.83). Standard multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios were
10.1093/aje/kwr346
22302074
PMC3282878
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*drug therapy/epidemiology/mortality Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active *Cohort Studies Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic Cost-Benefit Analysis Data Interpretation, Statistical *Epidemiologic Research Design Female HIV Infections/drug therapy/mortality *hiv-1 Humans Male *Proportional Hazards Models Selection Bias United States/epidemiology
Cole SR, Hudgens MG, Tien PC, Anastos K, Kingsley L, Chmiel JS, Jacobson LP (2012). Marginal structural models for case-cohort study designs to estimate the association of antiretroviral therapy initiation with incident AIDS or death. Am J Epidemiol, 175(5), 381-90. PMC3282878
Journal Article
Relationship between inflammatory mediator patterns and anemia in HIV-1 positive and exposed children with Plasmodium falciparum malaria
Am J Hematol
2012
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22570198
Anemia is the primary hematological manifestation of both Plasmodium falciparum malaria and HIV-1 in pediatric populations in sub-Saharan Africa. We have previously shown that HIV-1 positive and exposed children have greater risk of developing severe anemia (hemoglobin, Hb <6.0 g dL(-)(1)) during acute malaria. However, enhanced severity of anemia was unrelated to either erythropoietic suppression or parasite-driven red blood cell hemolysis. To further explore mechanisms of anemia, circulating inflammatory mediators (IMs) were determined using a 25-plex bead array in P. falciparum-infected (Pf[+]) children (3-36 month, n = 194) stratified into three groups: HIV-1 negative (HIV-1[-]/Pf[+]); HIV-1 exposed (HIV-1[exp]/Pf[+]); and HIV-1 infected (HIV-1[+]/Pf[+]). IL-12, MIG/CXCL9, eotaxin/CCL11, and GM-CSF differed significantly and progressively increased across the groups (HIV-1[-]-->HIV-1[exp]-->HIV-1[+]). To further explore the relationship between the inflammatory milieu (i.e., cytoki
10.1002/ajh.23200
22570198
PMC4703404
Anemia/blood/etiology/*immunology/physiopathology Chemokine CCL11/blood Chemokine CXCL9/blood Child, Preschool Cohort Studies Coinfection/immunology/parasitology/physiopathology/virology Cross-Sectional Studies Cytokines/*blood Female Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/blood HIV Infections/complications/immunology/physiopathology/virology HIV Seropositivity/complications/*immunology/physiopathology/virology HIV-1/*immunology/isolation & purification Humans Infant Interleukin-12/blood Kenya Malaria, Falciparum/complications/*immunology/parasitology/physiopathology Male Plasmodium falciparum/*immunology/isolation & purification Severity of Illness Index
Davenport GC, Hittner JB, Were T, Ong'echa JM, Perkins DJ (2012). Relationship between inflammatory mediator patterns and anemia in HIV-1 positive and exposed children with Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Am J Hematol, 87(7), 652-8. PMC4703404
Journal Article
NIHMS363186
Genome-wide association study of neurocognitive impairment and dementia in HIV-infected adults
Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet
2012
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22628157
The neuropathogenesis of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) is unclear. Candidate gene studies have implicated genetic susceptibility loci within immune-related genes; however, these have not been reliably validated. Here, we employed genome-wide association (GWA) methods to discover novel genetic susceptibility loci associated with HAND, and validate susceptibility loci implicated in prior candidate gene studies. Data from 1,287 participants enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study between 1985 and 2010 were used. Genotyping was conducted with Illumina 1M, 1MDuo, or 550K platform. Linear mixed models determined subject-specific slopes for change over time in processing speed and executive functioning, considering all visits including baseline and the most recent study visit. Covariates modeled as fixed effects included: time since the first visit, depression severity, nadir CD4+ T-cell count, hepatitis C co-infection, substance use, and antiretroviral medication regim
10.1002/ajmg.b.32071
22628157
PMC3418456
AIDS Dementia Complex/complications/*genetics/*physiopathology Adult Cognition Disorders/complications/*genetics/*physiopathology Genetic Predisposition to Disease *Genome-Wide Association Study Genotype Haplotypes/genetics Humans Middle Aged Models, Genetic Neuropsychological Tests Phenotype Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics Principal Component Analysis Quality Control Reproducibility of Results
Levine AJ, Service S, Miller EN, Reynolds SM, Singer EJ, Shapshak P, Martin EM, Sacktor N, Becker JT, Jacobson LP, Thompson P, Freimer N (2012). Genome-wide association study of neurocognitive impairment and dementia in HIV-infected adults. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet, 159B(6), 669-83. PMC3418456
Journal Article
Stress and mental health among midlife and older gay-identified men
Am J Public Health
2012
Mar-12
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22390515
Objectives. We investigated associations between stress and mental health (positive affect, depressive symptoms) among HIV-negative and HIV-positive midlife and older gay-identified men, along with the mediating and moderating effects of mastery and emotional support. We also studied the mental health effects of same-sex marriage. Methods. We obtained data from self-administered questionnaires completed in 2009 or 2010 by a subsample (n = 202; average age = 56.91 years; age range = 44-75 years) of participants in the University of California, Los Angeles component of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, one of the largest and longest-running natural-history studies of HIV/AIDS in the United States. Results. Both sexual minority stress (perceived gay-related stigma, excessive HIV bereavements) and aging-related stress (independence and fiscal concerns) appeared to have been detrimental to mental health. Sense of mastery partially mediated these associations. Being legally married was sign
10.2105/AJPH.2011.300384
22390515
PMC3337756
Affect age AIDS Bereavement cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Education effects epidemiology health Hiv HIV/AIDS Los Angeles Mental Health methods multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study natural history personal Public Health questionnaire Questionnaires San Francisco sexual stress study support symptoms United States
Wight RG, LeBlanc AJ, de Vries B, Detels R (2012). Stress and mental health among midlife and older gay-identified men. Am J Public Health, 102(3), 503-510. PMC3337756
Journal Article
U.S. trends in antiretroviral therapy use, HIV RNA plasma viral loads, and CD4 T-lymphocyte cell counts among HIV-infected persons, 2000 to 2008
Ann Intern Med
2012
9/4/2012
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22944874
BACKGROUND: The U.S. National HIV/AIDS Strategy targets for 2015 include "increasing access to care and improving health outcomes for persons living with HIV in the United States" (PLWH-US). OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the utility of the NA-ACCORD (North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design) for monitoring trends in the HIV epidemic in the United States and to present trends in HIV treatment and related health outcomes. DESIGN: Trends from annual cross-sectional analyses comparing patients from pooled, multicenter, prospective, clinical HIV cohort studies with PLWH-US, as reported to national surveillance systems in 40 states. SETTING: U.S. HIV outpatient clinics. PATIENTS: HIV-infected adults with 1 or more HIV RNA plasma viral load (HIV VL) or CD4 T-lymphocyte (CD4) cell count measured in any calendar year from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2008. MEASUREMENTS: Annual rates of antiretroviral therapy use, HIV VL, and CD4 cell count at death. RESULTS: 45 529 HIV-infec
10.7326/0003-4819-157-5-201209040-00005
22944874
PMC3534765
Adolescent Adult Aged agent AIDS Anti-Retroviral Agents antiretroviral therapy Baltimore blood British Columbia Canada CD4 CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cell Count characteristics clinical cohort Cohort Studies cohort study control cross-sectional Cross-Sectional Studies death Disease Drug Prescriptions drug therapy epidemic Epidemics epidemiology Female genetics HAART health Hiv HIV Infections Hiv-1 HIV/AIDS Humans immunology Male Maryland measurement Middle Aged multicenter outcome Plasma Population Surveillance prevention Prospective Studies research Rna Rna,Viral statistics & numerical data study support therapeutic use therapies therapy treatment trends trial United States Viral Load virology Young Adult
Althoff KN, Buchacz K, Hall HI, Zhang J, Hanna DB, Rebeiro P, Gange SJ, Moore RD, Kitahata MM, Gebo KA, Martin J, Justice AC, Horberg MA, Hogg RS, Sterling TR, Cescon A, Klein MB, Thorne JE, Crane HM, Mugavero MJ, Napravnik S, Kirk GD, Jacobson LP, Brooks JT; North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (2012). U.S. trends in antiretroviral therapy use, HIV RNA plasma viral loads, and CD4 T-lymphocyte cell counts among HIV-infected persons, 2000 to 2008. Ann Intern Med, 157(5), 325-335. PMC3534765
Journal Article
Sexual, behavioral, and quality of life characteristics of healthy weight, overweight, and obese gay and bisexual men: findings from a prospective cohort study
Arch Sex Behav
2012
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22038410
While there have been attempts to explore the association of obesity and risky sexual behaviors among gay men, findings have been conflicting. Using a prospective cohort of gay and bisexual men residing in Pittsburgh, we performed a semi-parametric, group-based analysis to identify distinct groups of trajectories in body mass index slopes over time from 1999 to 2007 and then correlated these trajectories with a number of psychosocial and behavioral factors, including sexual behaviors. We found many men were either overweight (41.2%) or obese (10.9%) in 1999 and remained stable at these levels over time, in contrast to recent increasing trends in the general population. Correlates of obesity in our study replicated findings from the general population. However, we found no significant association between obesity and sexual risk-taking behaviors, as suggested from several cross-sectional studies of gay men. While there was not a significant association between obesity and sexual risk-tak
10.1007/s10508-011-9859-5
22038410
PMC3616614
Adult Bisexuality/*psychology/statistics & numerical data Cohort Studies Depression/epidemiology/psychology HIV Infections/epidemiology/psychology HIV Seropositivity/epidemiology/psychology Health Surveys Homosexuality, Male/*psychology/statistics & numerical data Humans Longitudinal Studies Male Obesity/epidemiology/psychology Overweight/epidemiology/*psychology Prevalence Prospective Studies Quality of Life/*psychology Risk-Taking Sexual Behavior/*psychology/statistics & numerical data
Guadamuz TE, Lim SH, Marshal MP, Friedman MS, Stall RD, Silvestre AJ (2012). Sexual, behavioral, and quality of life characteristics of healthy weight, overweight, and obese gay and bisexual men: findings from a prospective cohort study. Arch Sex Behav, 41(2), 385-9. PMC3616614
Journal Article
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) as a coronary atherosclerosis risk factor in HIV-infected men: multicenter AIDS cohort study
Atherosclerosis
2012
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22472456
We assessed associations of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and -2), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) infection with subclinical coronary atherosclerosis in 291 HIV-infected men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Coronary artery calcium (CAC) was measured by non-contrast coronary CT imaging. Markers for herpesviruses infection were measured in frozen specimens collected 10-12 years prior to case identification. Multivariable logistic regression models and ordinal logistic regression models were performed. HSV-2 seropositivity was associated with coronary atherosclerosis (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=4.12, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.58-10.85) after adjustment for age, race/ethnicity, cardiovascular risk factors, and HIV infection related factors. Infection with a greater number of herpesviruses was associated with elevated CAC levels (AOR=1.58, 95% CI=1.06-2.36). Our findings suggest HSV-2 may be a risk factor for subclinical coronary atherosclerosis
10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.03.002
22472456
PMC3392500
Chi-Square Distribution Cohort Studies Coinfection/*epidemiology Coronary Angiography/methods Coronary Artery Disease/diagnostic imaging/*epidemiology/virology HIV Infections/diagnosis/*epidemiology/virology Herpes Simplex/diagnosis/*epidemiology/virology Herpesvirus 2, Human/*isolation & purification Humans Logistic Models Male Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis Odds Ratio Predictive Value of Tests Risk Assessment Risk Factors Time Factors Tomography, X-Ray Computed United States/epidemiology Vascular Calcification/epidemiology
Hechter RC, Budoff M, Hodis HN, Rinaldo CR, Jenkins FJ, Jacobson LP, Kingsley LA, Taiwo B, Post WS, Margolick JB, Detels R (2012). Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) as a coronary atherosclerosis risk factor in HIV-infected men: multicenter AIDS cohort study. Atherosclerosis, 223(2), 433-6. PMC3392500
Journal Article
Association of subclinical atherosclerosis with lipid levels amongst antiretroviral-treated and untreated HIV-infected women in the Women's Interagency HIV study
Atherosclerosis
2012
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23089369
OBJECTIVE: We examined serum lipids in association with carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women. METHODS: In 2003-4, among 1827 Women's Interagency HIV Study participants, we measured CIMT and lipids (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), total cholesterol (TC), non-HDL-c). A subset of 520 treated HIV-infected women had pre-1997 lipid measures. We used multivariable linear regression to examine associations between lipids and CIMT. RESULTS: In HIV-uninfected women, higher TC, LDL-c and non-HDL-c were associated with increased CIMT. Among HIV-infected women, associations of lipids with CIMT were observed in treated but not untreated women. Among the HIV-infected women treated in 2003-4, CIMT was associated both with lipids measured a decade earlier in infection, and with late lipid measurements. CONCLUSION: Among HIV-infected women, hyperlipidemia is most strongly associated with subclinic
10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.09.035
23089369
PMC3696584
Adult Anti-Retroviral Agents/*therapeutic use Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Asymptomatic Diseases Atherosclerosis/*blood/diagnosis/ethnology Biomarkers/blood Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Cholesterol/*blood Cholesterol, HDL/blood Cholesterol, LDL/blood Disease Progression Female HIV Infections/blood/diagnosis/*drug therapy/ethnology Humans Hyperlipidemias/*blood/diagnosis/ethnology Linear Models Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis Risk Factors Time Factors United States/epidemiology
Parrinello CM, Landay AL, Hodis HN, Gange SJ, Norris PJ, Young M, Anastos K, Tien PC, Xue X, Lazar J, Benning L, Tracy RP, Kaplan RC (2012). Association of subclinical atherosclerosis with lipid levels amongst antiretroviral-treated and untreated HIV-infected women in the Women's Interagency HIV study. Atherosclerosis, 225(2), 408-11. PMC3696584
Journal Article
Risk factors for oral HPV infection among a high prevalence population of HIV-positive and at-risk HIV-negative adults
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
2012
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22045700
INTRODUCTION: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is an important risk factor for oropharyngeal cancer. Individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have higher oral HPV prevalence but the risk factors for oral HPV infection are not well understood for either HIV-positive or HIV-negative individuals. METHODS: This study was nested within the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS; men) and Women Interagency HIV Study (WIHS; women) cohorts. Exfoliated oral epithelial cells were collected from 379 HIV-positive and 266 at-risk HIV-negative individuals using a rinse and gargle with Scope mouthwash. Samples were tested for 36 types of HPV DNA using PGMY09/11 consensus primers and reverse line blot hybridization. Risk factors for oral HPV infection were explored using logistic regression with generalized estimating equations in this cross-sectional analysis. RESULTS: Prevalent oral HPV infection was common (34%), including HPV16 infection in 5.7% of participants. HIV-positive individuals had incr
10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-11-0734
22045700
PMC3280125
Case-Control Studies Cross-Sectional Studies HIV/genetics/*isolation & purification HIV Infections/*epidemiology/virology HIV Seropositivity/epidemiology/virology Humans Male Middle Aged Mouth Diseases/*epidemiology/virology Oropharyngeal Neoplasms/*epidemiology/virology Papillomaviridae/genetics/*isolation & purification Papillomavirus Infections/*epidemiology/virology Prevalence Risk Factors United States/epidemiology
Beachler DC, Weber KM, Margolick JB, Strickler HD, Cranston RD, Burk RD, Wiley DJ, Minkoff H, Reddy S, Stammer EE, Gillison ML, D'Souza G (2012). Risk factors for oral HPV infection among a high prevalence population of HIV-positive and at-risk HIV-negative adults. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 21(1), 122-33. PMC3280125
Journal Article
Frequent emergence of N348I in HIV-1 subtype C reverse transcriptase with failure of initial therapy reduces susceptibility to reverse-transcriptase inhibitors
Clin Infect Dis
2012
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22618567
BACKGROUND: It is not known how often mutations in the connection and ribonuclease H domains of reverse transcriptase (RT) emerge with failure of first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in subtype C human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and how these mutations affect susceptibility to other antiretrovirals. METHODS: We compared full-length RT sequences in plasma obtained before therapy and at virologic failure of initial ART among 63 participants with subtype C HIV-1 infection enrolled in the Comprehensive International Program of Research on AIDS in South Africa (CIPRA-SA) study. Recombinant viruses containing full-length plasma-derived RT sequences from participants with N348I at virologic failure were assayed for drug susceptibility. RESULTS: Y181C and M184V mutations in the RT polymerase domain were associated with failure of stavudine-lamivudine-nevirapine (d4T/3TC/NVP; P < .01), and K103N, V106M, and M184V with failure of d4T/3TC/efavirenz (EFV; P < .01). N348I in
10.1093/cid/cis501
22618567
PMC3491849
Drug Resistance, Viral HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*virology HIV Reverse Transcriptase/*genetics HIV-1/*enzymology/genetics Humans Mutation Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/*pharmacology/therapeutic use Treatment Failure Viral Load
Brehm JH, Koontz DL, Wallis CL, Shutt KA, Sanne I, Wood R, McIntyre JA, Stevens WS, Sluis-Cremer N, Mellors JW; CIPRA-SA Project 1 Study Team (2012). Frequent emergence of N348I in HIV-1 subtype C reverse transcriptase with failure of initial therapy reduces susceptibility to reverse-transcriptase inhibitors. Clin Infect Dis, 55(5), 737-45. PMC3491849
Journal Article
Comparative risk of liver-related mortality from chronic hepatitis B versus chronic hepatitis C virus infection
Clin Infect Dis
2012
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22523269
BACKGROUND: It is not known whether chronic hepatitis B (CH-B) or chronic hepatitis C (CH-C) carries a greater risk of liver-related mortality. This study compared rates of liver-related mortality between these 2 groups in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). METHODS: Six hundred eighty men with CH-B (n = 337) or CH-C (n = 343) at study entry into the MACS were prospectively followed to death, last follow-up visit, or 30 March 2010, whichever came first. Four hundred seventy-two (69.4%) of these men were infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Causes of death were obtained from death registry matching and death certificates. Liver-related and all-cause mortality rates (MRs) were compared between groups using Poisson regression and adjusted for potential confounders and competing risks. RESULTS: In 6728 person-years (PYs) of follow-up, there were 293 deaths from all causes (43.5 per 1000 PYs), of which 51 were liver-related (7.6 per 1000 PYs). The all-cause MR wa
10.1093/cid/cis432
22523269
PMC3520384
Adult HIV Infections/epidemiology/virology HIV-1/isolation & purification Hepatitis B, Chronic/*mortality/*virology Hepatitis C, Chronic/*mortality/*virology Humans Male Middle Aged Poisson Distribution Prospective Studies United States/epidemiology
Falade-Nwulia O, Seaberg EC, Rinaldo CR, Badri S, Witt M, Thio CL (2012). Comparative risk of liver-related mortality from chronic hepatitis B versus chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Clin Infect Dis, 55(4), 507-13. PMC3520384
Journal Article
Improvement in the health of HIV-infected persons in care: reducing disparities
Clin Infect Dis
2012
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23019271
BACKGROUND: Despite advances in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment, major challenges remain in achieving access, retention, and adherence. Our inner-city HIV clinical practice in Baltimore has a diverse patient population with high rates of poverty, black race, and injection drug use (IDU), providing us the opportunity to compare health process and outcomes. METHODS: Using data collected in a clinical HIV cohort in Baltimore, we compared receipt of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV type 1 (HIV-1) RNA, CD4, incidence of opportunistic illness, and mortality from 1995 to 2010. Comparisons were made of these outcomes by HIV risk group, sex, and race (black, white). RESULTS: From 1995 to 2010, we followed 6366 patients comprising 27 941 person-years (PY) of follow-up. By 2010, 87% of patients were receiving ART; median HIV-1 RNA was <200 copies/mL, median CD4 was 475 cells/mm(3), opportunistic illness rates were 2.4 per 100 PY, and mortality rates were 2.1 per 100 PY,
10.1093/cid/cis654
23019271
PMC3466093
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/epidemiology Adult Baltimore/epidemiology CD4 Lymphocyte Count Female HIV Infections/complications/*diagnosis/*drug therapy/mortality *Health Status Disparities Humans Male Medication Adherence/statistics & numerical data Middle Aged RNA, Viral/blood Survival Analysis Treatment Outcome Viral Load
Moore RD, Keruly JC, Bartlett JG (2012). Improvement in the health of HIV-infected persons in care: reducing disparities. Clin Infect Dis, 55(9), 1242-51. PMC3466093
Journal Article
Risk of anal cancer in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected individuals in North America
Clin Infect Dis
2012
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22291097
BACKGROUND: Anal cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), although few have evaluated rates separately for men who have sex with men (MSM), other men, and women. There are also conflicting data regarding calendar trends. METHODS: In a study involving 13 cohorts from North America with follow-up between 1996 and 2007, we compared anal cancer incidence rates among 34 189 HIV-infected (55% MSM, 19% other men, 26% women) and 114 260 HIV-uninfected individuals (90% men). RESULTS: Among men, the unadjusted anal cancer incidence rates per 100 000 person-years were 131 for HIV-infected MSM, 46 for other HIV-infected men, and 2 for HIV-uninfected men, corresponding to demographically adjusted rate ratios (RRs) of 80.3 (95% confidence interval [CI], 42.7-151.1) for HIV-infected MSM and 26.7 (95% CI, 11.5-61.7) for other HIV-infected men compared with HIV-uninfected men. HIV-infected women had an anal cancer rate of 30/100 00
10.1093/cid/cir1012
22291097
PMC3297645
Adult Anus Neoplasms/*epidemiology Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/*complications Humans Incidence Male Middle Aged North America/epidemiology Risk Assessment Sexual Behavior/statistics & numerical data
Silverberg MJ, Lau B, Justice AC, Engels E, Gill MJ, Goedert JJ, Kirk GD, D'Souza G, Bosch RJ, Brooks JT, Napravnik S, Hessol NA, Jacobson LP, Kitahata MM, Klein MB, Moore RD, Rodriguez B, Rourke SB, Saag MS, Sterling TR, Gebo KA, Press N, Martin JN, Dubrow R; North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD) of IeDEA (2012). Risk of anal cancer in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected individuals in North America. Clin Infect Dis, 54(7), 1026-34. PMC3297645
Journal Article
Antiretroviral medication errors remain high but are quickly corrected among hospitalized HIV-infected adults
Clin Infect Dis
2012
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22610923
BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) medication errors can lead to drug resistance, treatment failure, and death. Prior research suggests that ART medication errors are on the rise in US hospitals. This analysis provides a current estimate of inpatient antiretroviral prescribing errors. METHODS: Retrospective review of medication orders during the first 48 hours of hospitalization for patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection admitted to the Johns Hopkins Hospital between 1 January and 31 December 2009. Errors were classified as (1) incomplete regimen, (2) incorrect dosage, (3) incorrect schedule, and (4) nonrecommended drug-drug combinations. Multivariable regression was used to identify factors associated with errors. RESULTS: A total of 702 admissions occurred in 2009. Of these, 380 had ART medications prescribed on the first day and 308 on the second day of hospitalization. A total of 145 ART medication errors in 110 admissions were identified on the first day
10.1093/cid/cis491
22610923
PMC3520383
Adolescent Adult Anti-Retroviral Agents/*therapeutic use Chi-Square Distribution HIV Infections/*drug therapy Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data Humans Male Medication Errors/*statistics & numerical data Middle Aged Retrospective Studies
Yehia BR, Mehta JM, Ciuffetelli D, Moore RD, Pham PA, Metlay JP, Gebo KA (2012). Antiretroviral medication errors remain high but are quickly corrected among hospitalized HIV-infected adults. Clin Infect Dis, 55(4), 593-9. PMC3520383
Journal Article
An investigation of the possible interaction between the use of Vitamin C and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) adherence and effectiveness in treated HIV+ women
Complement Ther Med
2012
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22579434
OBJECTIVES: Our goal in this study was to examine how Vitamin C interacts with antiretroviral therapy in individuals with HIV. We specifically evaluated how Vitamin C impacts highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) adherence and HAART effectiveness as adjudicated by HIV viral loads and CD4 cell counts. Women served as their own controls, comparing periods of Vitamin C usage with periods of non-usage. DESIGN: An intra-individual, cross-sectional comparative study 'nested' in the WIHS observational cohort study. SUBJECTS: Women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). OUTCOME MEASURES: Adherence, CD4 count and viral load. RESULTS: Our study population was drawn from 2813 HIV+ participants who contributed 44,588 visits in WIHS from October, 1994 to April, 2009. Among them, there were 1122 Vitamin C users with 4954 total visits where use was reported. In the multivariate model adjusting for age, education, race, income, drug use, Vitamin C use order and depression score, there was
10.1016/j.ctim.2012.03.001
22579434
PMC3351689
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Ascorbic Acid/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/virology HIV Seropositivity/drug therapy/virology Humans Middle Aged Odds Ratio *Patient Compliance Treatment Outcome Viral Load Vitamins/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use
Merenstein D, Wang C, Gandhi M, Robison E, Levine AM, Schwartz RM, Weber KM, Liu C (2012). An investigation of the possible interaction between the use of Vitamin C and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) adherence and effectiveness in treated HIV+ women. Complement Ther Med, 20(4), 222-7. PMC3351689
Journal Article
Model-Based Estimation of the Attributable Risk: A Loglinear Approach
Comput Stat Data Anal
2012
1-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23049150
This paper considers model-based methods for estimation of the adjusted attributable risk (AR) in both case-control and cohort studies. An earlier review discussed approaches for both types of studies, using the standard logistic regression model for case-control studies, and for cohort studies proposing the equivalent Poisson model in order to account for the additional variability in estimating the distribution of exposures and covariates from the data. In this paper we revisit case-control studies, arguing for the equivalent Poisson model in this case as well. Using the delta method with the Poisson model, we provide general expressions for the asymptotic variance of the AR for both types of studies. This includes the generalized AR, which extends the original idea of attributable risk to the case where the exposure is not completely eliminated. These variance expressions can be easily programmed in any statistical package that includes Poisson regression and has capabilities for si
10.1016/j.csda.2012.04.017
23049150
PMC3462467
Cox C, Li X (2012). Model-Based Estimation of the Attributable Risk: A Loglinear Approach. Comput Stat Data Anal, 56(12), 4180-4189. PMC3462467
Journal Article
African American women's perspectives on 'down low/DL' men: implications for HIV prevention
Cult Health Sex
2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22804686
African American women are disproportionately affected by HIV. Some research has explored if non-disclosing men who have sex with men and women contribute to women's HIV risk. Popular media discourse tends to refer to these men as 'down low' or 'DL'. Six focus groups were conducted with 36 African American women in Washington, DC, to examine their knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours regarding DL men. Three of the focus groups were composed of HIV-positive women and three groups were composed of HIV-negative women. Data analysis reveals six central subcategories related to women's perspectives on the DL: awareness, suspicion, coping with partner infidelity (male versus female), sexual health communication, empathy and religion. No major differences were identified between the HIV-positive and HIV-negative focus groups. Findings from this study provide insight into African American women's perceptions of African American male sexuality and how these perceptions serve to influenc
10.1080/13691058.2012.703328
22804686
PMC3461216
Adult African Americans/*psychology Attitude to Health/*ethnology Bisexuality/ethnology/*psychology District of Columbia Female HIV Infections/ethnology/*prevention & control Homosexuality, Male/ethnology/*psychology Humans Interpersonal Relations Male Middle Aged Risk Factors Risk-Taking Sexual Partners/*psychology Surveys and Questionnaires Trust Urban Population/statistics & numerical data Women's Health Young Adult
Goparaju L, Warren-Jeanpiere L (2012). African American women's perspectives on 'down low/DL' men: implications for HIV prevention. Cult Health Sex, 14(8), 879-93. PMC3461216
Journal Article
New tools for quantifying HIV-1 reservoirs: plasma RNA single copy assays and beyond
Curr HIV/AIDS Rep
2012
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22215419
Quantification of plasma HIV-1 RNA below the limit of FDA-approved assays by a single copy quantitative PCR assays (SCA) has provided significant insights into HIV-1 persistence despite potent antiretroviral therapy as well as a means to assess the impact of therapeutic strategies, such as treatment intensification, on residual viremia. In this review, we discuss insights gained from plasma HIV-1 RNA SCA and highlight the need for additional assays to characterize better the cellular and tissue reservoirs of HIV-1. Accurate, reproducible, and sensitive assays to quantify HIV-1 reservoirs, before and after therapeutic interventions, are essential tools in the quest for a cure of HIV-1 infection.
10.1007/s11904-011-0104-6
22215419
PMC3693463
Disease Reservoirs/*virology HIV Infections/*virology HIV-1/genetics/*isolation & purification Humans Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods RNA, Viral/*blood Reproducibility of Results Sensitivity and Specificity Viremia/virology
Hilldorfer BB, Cillo AR, Besson GJ, Bedison MA, Mellors JW (2012). New tools for quantifying HIV-1 reservoirs: plasma RNA single copy assays and beyond. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep, 9(1), 91-100. PMC3693463
Journal Article
NIHMS403803
A pilot study of the effects of internet-based cognitive stimulation on neuropsychological function in HIV disease
Disabil Rehabil
2012
2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22458375
PURPOSE: Mild cognitive deficits associated with HIV disease can affect activities of daily living, so interventions that reduce them may have a long-term effect on quality of life. We evaluated the feasibility of a cognitive stimulation program (CSP) to improve neuropsychological test performance in HIV disease. METHODS: Sixty volunteers (30 HIV-infected) participated. The primary outcome was the change in neuropsychological test performance as indexed by the Global Impairment Rating; secondary outcomes included mood (Brief Symptom Inventory subscales) and quality of life rating (Medical Outcomes Survey-HIV) scales. RESULTS: Fifty-two participants completed all 24 weeks of the study, and 54% of the participants in the CSP group successfully used the system via internet access from their home or other location. There was a significant interaction between usage and study visit such that the participants who used the program most frequently showed significantly greater improvements in co
10.3109/09638288.2012.667188
22458375
PMC3394884
Activities of Daily Living Adult Aged Case-Control Studies Cognitive Behavioral Therapy/*methods Cognitive Dysfunction/psychology/*therapy Feasibility Studies Female Follow-Up Studies HIV Infections/*complications/psychology Humans *Internet Male Middle Aged Neuropsychological Tests/*statistics & numerical data Pilot Projects Psychiatric Status Rating Scales Quality of Life/*psychology Treatment Outcome
Becker JT, Dew MA, Aizenstein HJ, Lopez OL, Morrow L, Saxton J, Tárraga L (2012). A pilot study of the effects of internet-based cognitive stimulation on neuropsychological function in HIV disease. Disabil Rehabil, 34(21), 1848-52. PMC3394884
Journal Article
Circulating vitamin D correlates with serum antimullerian hormone levels in late-reproductive-aged women: Women's Interagency HIV Study
Fertil Steril
2012
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22494925
OBJECTIVE: To study the correlation between circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OH-D) levels and serum antimullerian hormone (AMH) in women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: None. PATIENT(S): All premenopausal women (n = 388) with regular menstrual cycles were included and subdivided into three groups: group 1 with age <35 years (n = 128), group 2 with age 35-39 years (n = 119), and group 3 with age >/=40 years (n = 141). INTERVENTION(S): Serum for 25OH-D, AMH, fasting glucose and insulin, and creatinine levels. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Correlation between 25OH-D and AMH before and after adjusting for HIV status, body mass index, race, smoking, illicit drug use, glucose and insulin levels, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and geographic site of participation. RESULT(S): After adjusting for all covariates, the regression slope in all participants for total 25OH-D predicting log(10)AMH for 25-year-olds (youngest participant) was -0
10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.03.029
22494925
PMC3389125
Adult Age Factors Anti-Mullerian Hormone/*blood Cohort Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Female HIV Infections/blood HIV-1/physiology Humans Middle Aged Reproduction/*physiology Vitamin D/*blood
Merhi ZO, Seifer DB, Weedon J, Adeyemi O, Holman S, Anastos K, Golub ET, Young M, Karim R, Greenblatt R, Minkoff H (2012). Circulating vitamin D correlates with serum antimullerian hormone levels in late-reproductive-aged women: Women's Interagency HIV Study. Fertil Steril, 98(1), 228-34. PMC3389125
Journal Article
Professional antigen presenting cells in human herpesvirus 8 infection
Front Immunol
2012
Jan-13
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23346088
Professional antigen presenting cells (APC), i.e., dendritic cells (DC), monocytes/macrophages, and B lymphocytes, are critically important in the recognition of an invading pathogen and presentation of antigens to the T cell-mediated arm of immunity. Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is one of the few human viruses that primarily targets these APC for infection, altering their cytokine profiles, manipulating their surface expression of MHC molecules, and altering their ability to activate HHV-8-specific T cells. This could be why T cell responses to HHV-8 antigens are not very robust. Of these APC, only B cells support complete, lytic HHV-8 infection. However, both complete and abortive virus replication cycles in APC could directly affect viral pathogenesis and progression to Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and HHV-8-associated B cell cancers. In this review, we discuss the effects of HHV-8 infection on professional APC and their relationship to the development of KS and B cell lymphomas.
10.3389/fimmu.2012.00427
23346088
PMC3549500
B lymphocytes CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes Kaposi's sarcoma dendritic cells human herpesvirus 8 monocytes/macrophages multicentric Castleman's disease primary effusion lymphoma
Knowlton ER, Lepone LM, Li J, Rappocciolo G, Jenkins FJ, Rinaldo CR (2012). Professional antigen presenting cells in human herpesvirus 8 infection. Front Immunol, 3(), 427. PMC3549500
Journal Article
Lower liver-related death in African-American women with human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus coinfection, compared to Caucasian and Hispanic women
Hepatology
2012
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22618868
UNLABELLED: Among individuals with and without concurrent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), racial/ethnic differences in the natural history of hepatitis C virus (HCV) have been described. African Americans have lower spontaneous HCV clearance than Caucasians, yet slower rates of liver fibrosis once chronically infected. It is not clear how these differences in the natural history of hepatitis C affect mortality, in either HIV-positive or -negative individuals. We conducted a cohort study of HIV/HCV coinfected women followed in the multicenter Women's Interagency HIV Study to determine the association of self-reported race/ethnicity with all-cause and liver-related mortality. Survival analyses were performed using Cox's proportional hazards models. The eligible cohort (n = 794) included 140 Caucasians, 159 Hispanics, and 495 African Americans. There were 438 deaths and 49 liver-related deaths during a median follow-up of 8.9 years and maximum follow-up of 16 years. African-American c
10.1002/hep.25859
22618868
PMC3440547
Adult African Americans/*statistics & numerical data CD4 Lymphocyte Count Coinfection European Continental Ancestry Group/*statistics & numerical data Female Hiv HIV Infections/blood/ethnology/*mortality Hepacivirus Hepatitis C/blood/ethnology/*mortality Hispanic Americans/*statistics & numerical data Humans Liver Diseases/ethnology/mortality Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis Prospective Studies RNA, Viral/blood United States/epidemiology
Sarkar M, Bacchetti P, French AL, Tien P, Glesby MJ, Nowicki M, Plankey M, Gange S, Sharp G, Minkoff H, Peters MG; Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) (2012). Lower liver-related death in African-American women with human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus coinfection, compared to Caucasian and Hispanic women. Hepatology, 56(5), 1699-705. PMC3440547
Journal Article
Low free testosterone in HIV-infected men is not associated with subclinical cardiovascular disease
HIV Med
2012
Jul-12
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22296297
OBJECTIVES: Low testosterone (T) is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and increased mortality in the general population; however, the impact of T on subclinical CVD in HIV disease is unknown. This study examined the relationships among free testosterone (FT), subclinical CVD, and HIV disease. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional analysis in 322 HIV-uninfected and 534 HIV-infected men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Main outcomes were coronary artery calcification presence, defined as a coronary artery calcium (CAC) score >10 (CAC score was the geometric mean of the Agatston scores of two computed tomography replicates), and far wall common carotid intima-media thickness (IMT)/carotid lesion presence by B-mode ultrasound. RESULTS: Compared with the HIV-uninfected men in our sample, HIV-infected men were younger, with lower body mass index (BMI) and more often Black. HIV-infected men had lower FT (age-adjusted FT 88.7 ng/dL vs. 101.7 ng/dL in HIV-uninfected men; P=0.0004)
10.1111/j.1468-1293.2011.00988.x
22296297
PMC3505881
Adult AIDS analysis Baltimore blood Body Mass Index Calcinosis Calcium Carotid Intima-Media Thickness cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Comparative Study complications Coronary Artery Disease cross-sectional Cross-Sectional Studies Disease etiology Hiv HIV infection HIV Seropositivity Homosexuality,Male Humans infection Male methods Middle Aged mortality multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Multicenter Studies Odds Ratio outcome population Predictive Value of Tests Prevalence radiography research Risk Risk Factors study support Testosterone Tomography,X-Ray Computed
Monroe AK, Dobs AS, Xu X, Palella FJ, Kingsley LA, Post WS, Witt MD, Brown TT (2012). Low free testosterone in HIV-infected men is not associated with subclinical cardiovascular disease. HIV Med, 13(6), 358-366. PMC3505881
Journal Article
Characterization of the HLA-C*07:01:01G allele group in European and African-American cohorts
Hum Immunol
2012
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22548719
The HLA-C*07:01:01G allele group consists of three nonsynonymous alleles, C*07:01:01, C*07:06 and C*07:18, plus C*07:01:02, which is synonymous to C*07:01:01. All of these alleles have identical exons 2, 3 and 4, but differ in exons 5 or 6. Therefore routine sequence-based typing (SBT) of exons 2 and 3 is unable to resolve these subtypes, resulting in ambiguous typing results in population and disease cohort studies. In the present study, we fully characterized C*07:01:01G subtypes in European and African Americans and examined their relative frequency distributions. In European Americans C*07:01:01G is predominantly represented by C*07:01:01 (94.4%), whereas C*07:01:02 (1.1%) and C*07:18 (4.5%) were detected relatively infrequently. In African Americans C*07:18 (42.4%) showed a high frequency similar to that of C*07:01:01 (44.7%) whereas C*07:06 was detected at a low frequency (4.7%). C*07:06 was found exclusively on B*44:03 carrying haplotypes in both ethnic groups, but C*07:18 showe
10.1016/j.humimm.2012.04.021
22548719
PMC3377779
*African Americans *European Continental Ancestry Group Exons/genetics Gene Frequency Genetic Predisposition to Disease HLA-C Antigens/*genetics Histocompatibility Testing Humans Linkage Disequilibrium Mutation/genetics Polymorphism, Genetic
Deng Z, Gao X, Kirk GD, Wolinsky S, Carrington M (2012). Characterization of the HLA-C*07:01:01G allele group in European and African-American cohorts. Hum Immunol, 73(7), 715-9. PMC3377779
Journal Article
Cervicovaginal human papillomavirus (HPV)-infection before and after hysterectomy: evidence of different tissue tropism for oncogenic and nononcogenic HPV types in a cohort of HIV-positive and HIV-negative women
Int J Cancer
2012
15-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22120980
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is detected in nearly all cervical cancers and approximately half of vaginal cancers. However, vaginal cancer is an order of magnitude less common than cervical cancer, not only in the general population but also among women with HIV/AIDS. It is interesting therefore that recent studies found that HPV was common in both normal vaginal and cervical tissue, with higher prevalence of nononcogenic HPV types in the vagina. In our investigation, we prospectively examined HPV infection in 86 HIV-positive and 17 HIV-negative women who underwent hysterectomy during follow-up in a longitudinal cohort. Cervicovaginal lavage specimens were obtained semi-annually and tested for HPV DNA by polymerase chain reaction. To address possible selection biases associated with having a hysterectomy, subjects acted as their own comparison group--before versus after hysterectomy. The average HPV prevalence was higher in HIV-positive than HIV-negative women both before (59% vs. 12%; p
10.1002/ijc.27363
22120980
PMC3321069
Adult Cervix Uteri/*virology Cohort Studies DNA, Viral/analysis Female HIV/*isolation & purification Humans *Hysterectomy Longitudinal Studies Middle Aged Papillomaviridae/*isolation & purification Papillomavirus Infections/*virology Tropism Vagina/*virology
D'Souza G, Burk RD, Zhong Y, Minkoff H, Massad LS, Xue X, Watts DH, Anastos K, Palefsky JM, Levine AM, Colie C, Castle PE, Strickler HD (2012). Cervicovaginal human papillomavirus (HPV)-infection before and after hysterectomy: evidence of different tissue tropism for oncogenic and nononcogenic HPV types in a cohort of HIV-positive and HIV-negative women. Int J Cancer, 131(6), 1472-8. PMC3321069
Journal Article
Association between smoking and size of anal warts in HIV-infected women
Int J STD AIDS
2012
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23155099
While the association between smoking and human papillomavirus infection, cervical cancer, and anal cancer has been well studied, evidence on the association between cigarette smoking and anal warts is limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate if cigarette smoking status influences the size of anal warts over time in HIV-infected women in a sample of 976 HIV-infected women from the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). A linear mixed model was used to determine the effect of smoking on anal wart size. Even though women who were currently smokers had larger anal warts at baseline and slower growth rate of anal wart size after each visit than women who were not current smokers, there was no association between size of anal wart and current smoking status over time. Further studies on the role of smoking and interaction between smoking and other risk factors, however, should be explored.
10.1258/ijsa.2012.011420
23155099
PMC4629988
Adult Aged Anus Neoplasms/*epidemiology/*pathology Female HIV Infections/*complications Humans Middle Aged Smoking/*adverse effects Warts/*epidemiology/*pathology Young Adult
Luu HN, Amirian ES, Beasley RP, Piller L, Chan W, Scheurer ME (2012). Association between smoking and size of anal warts in HIV-infected women. Int J STD AIDS, 23(11), 792-8. PMC4629988
Journal Article
Cumulative exposure to stimulants and immune function outcomes among HIV-positive and HIV-negative men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
Int J STD AIDS
2012
Aug-12
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22930295
We examined associations between stimulant use (methamphetamine and cocaine) and other substances (nicotine, marijuana, alcohol and inhaled nitrites) with immune function biomarkers among HIV-seropositive (HIV +) men taking highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART) and HIV-seronegative (HIV-) men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Among HIV + men, cumulative adherence to ART (4.07, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.52, 4.71, per 10 years of adherent ART use), and recent cohort enrolment (1.38; 95% CI: 1.24, 1.55) were multiplicatively associated with increase in CD4+/CD8+ ratios. Cumulative use of methamphetamine (0.93; 95% CI: 0.88, 0.98, per 10 use-years), cocaine (0.93; 95% CI: 0.89, 0.96, per 10 use-years) and cumulative medical visits (0.99; 95% CI: 0.98, 0.99, per 10 visit-years), each showed small negative associations with CD4+/CD8+ ratios. Among HIV- men, cumulative medical visits (0.996; 95% CI: 0.993, 0.999), cumulative number of male sexual partners (0.999; 95% CI: 0.998,
10.1258/ijsa.2012.011322
22930295
PMC3576843
AIDS alcohol antiretroviral therapy ART cohort Cohort Studies cohort study health Hiv immune immune function Los Angeles Male multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study outcome psychiatry sexual Sexual Partners study therapies therapy
Shoptaw S, Stall R, Bordon J, Kao U, Cox C, Li X, Ostrow DG, Plankey MW (2012). Cumulative exposure to stimulants and immune function outcomes among HIV-positive and HIV-negative men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Int J STD AIDS, 23(8), 576-580. PMC3576843
Journal Article
Trends in reasons for hospitalization in a multisite United States cohort of persons living with HIV, 2001-2008
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2012
1-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22240460
INTRODUCTION: Hospitalization rates for comorbid conditions among persons living with HIV in the current highly active antiretroviral therapy era are unknown. METHODS: Hospitalization data from 2001 to 2008 were obtained on 11,645 adults receiving longitudinal HIV care at 4 geographically diverse US HIV clinics within the HIV Research Network. Modified clinical classification software from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality assigned primary ICD-9 codes into diagnostic categories. Analysis was performed with repeated measures negative binomial regression. RESULTS: During 2001 to 2008, the rate of AIDS-defining illness (ADI) hospitalizations declined from 6.7 to 2.7 per 100 person-years, incidence rate ratio per year, 0.89 (0.87, 0.91). Among the other diagnostic categories with average rates >2 per 100 person-years, cardiovascular hospitalizations increased over time [1.07 (1.03, 1.11)], whereas non-AIDS-defining infection [0.98 (0.96, 1.00)], psychiatric [0.96 (0.93, 1.00)]
10.1097/QAI.0b013e318246b862
22240460
PMC3299935
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/epidemiology Adolescent Adult Cohort Studies Comorbidity Female HIV Infections/*epidemiology Hospitalization/*trends Humans Length of Stay Longitudinal Studies Male Middle Aged United States/epidemiology Young Adult
Berry SA, Fleishman JA, Moore RD, Gebo KA; HIV Research Network (2012). Trends in reasons for hospitalization in a multisite United States cohort of persons living with HIV, 2001-2008. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 59(4), 368-75. PMC3299935
Journal Article
NIHMS350319
Effects of hepatitis C and HIV on cognition in women: data from the Women's Interagency HIV Study
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2012
1-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22107817
OBJECTIVE: To compare neuropsychological scores in women infected with HIV, women infected with both HIV and hepatitis C, and uninfected subjects. BACKGROUND: Some, but not all, studies have demonstrated that dual infection with Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV has worse effects on cognition than infection with HIV alone. DESIGN/METHODS: The Women's Interagency HIV Study is an ongoing prospective study of the natural history of HIV in women where participants are reevaluated every 6 months. In a cross-sectional analysis, we evaluated the effects of active HIV and HCV infections on scores on symbol-digit modalities test, the Stroop interference test, and trails A and B after controlling for age, ethnicity, education, depression, liver disease, and current or past substance abuse. RESULTS: Data were available for 1338 women-17.8 % had detectable hepatitis C virus and 67% were HIV seropositive. In fully adjusted general linear models, HCV viremia was not associated with scores on any of th
10.1097/QAI.0b013e318240566b
22107817
PMC3319079
Adult Aged Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use Cognition Disorders/diagnosis/*virology Cohort Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Female HIV Infections/*complications/drug therapy Hepatitis C/*complications/virology Humans Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis Neuropsychological Tests Prospective Studies Risk Factors United States Viral Load
Crystal H, Kleyman I, Anastos K, Lazar J, Cohen M, Liu C, Pearce L, Golub E, Valcour V, Ho A, Strickler H, Peters M, Kovacs A, Holman S, Kreek MJ, Manly J (2012). Effects of hepatitis C and HIV on cognition in women: data from the Women's Interagency HIV Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 59(2), 149-54. PMC3319079
Journal Article
Medicinal and recreational marijuana use among HIV-infected women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) cohort, 1994-2010
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2012
15-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23011399
BACKGROUND: Despite the major benefits of effective antiretroviral therapy on HIV-related survival, there is an ongoing need to help alleviate medication side effects related to antiretroviral therapy use. Initial studies suggest that marijuana use may reduce HIV-related symptoms, but medical marijuana use among HIV-infected individuals has not been well described. METHODS: The authors evaluated trends in marijuana use and reported motivations for use among 2776 HIV-infected women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study between October 1994 and March 2010. Predictors of any and daily marijuana use were explored in multivariate logistic regression models clustered by person using generalized estimating equation. In 2009, participants were asked if their marijuana use was medical, "meaning prescribed by a doctor," or recreational, or both. RESULTS: Over the 16 years of this study, the prevalence of current marijuana use decreased significantly from 21% to 14%. In contrast, daily marijuana u
10.1097/QAI.0b013e318273ab3a
23011399
PMC3508315
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/adverse effects Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/drug therapy/*psychology/*therapy Humans Logistic Models Longitudinal Studies *Marijuana Smoking/epidemiology/psychology/trends Medication Adherence Middle Aged United States/epidemiology
Dʼsouza G, Matson PA, Grady CD, Nahvi S, Merenstein D, Weber KM, Greenblatt R, Burian P, Wilson TE (2012). Medicinal and recreational marijuana use among HIV-infected women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) cohort, 1994-2010. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 61(5), 618-26. PMC3508315
Journal Article
Establishment, retention, and loss to follow-up in outpatient HIV care
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2012
1-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22531758
BACKGROUND: For optimal clinical benefit, HIV-infected patients should receive periodic outpatient care indefinitely. However, initially establishing HIV care and subsequent retention in care are problematic. This study examines establishment, retention, and loss to follow-up (LTFU) in a large multi-site cohort over a 2-8 year period. METHODS: Medical record data were reviewed for 22,984 adult HIV patients receiving care at 12 clinics in the HIV Research Network between 2001 and 2009. Three dichotomous outcome measures were based on each patient's history of outpatient visits. Establishment reflects whether the patient made outpatient visits for longer than 6 months after initial enrollment. The retention measure reflects whether the patient had at least 2 outpatient visits separated by 90 days in each year in care. LTFU reflects whether the patient had no outpatient visits for more than 12 months without returning. Multiple logistic regression examined demographic and clinical correla
10.1097/QAI.0b013e318258c696
22531758
PMC3383913
Adolescent Adult *Ambulatory Care/statistics & numerical data Cohort Studies Continuity of Patient Care Female Follow-Up Studies HIV Infections/*therapy Humans Logistic Models Male Middle Aged Outcome Assessment, Health Care Patient Dropouts Time Factors United States Young Adult
Fleishman JA, Yehia BR, Moore RD, Korthuis PT, Gebo KA; HIV Research Network (2012). Establishment, retention, and loss to follow-up in outpatient HIV care. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 60(3), 249-59. PMC3383913
Journal Article
NIHMS375451
Permissive and protective factors associated with presence, level, and longitudinal pattern of cervicovaginal HIV shedding
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2012
1-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22517416
BACKGROUND: Cervicovaginal HIV level (CV-VL) influences HIV transmission. Plasma viral load (PVL) correlates with CV-VL, but discordance is frequent. We evaluated how PVL, behavioral, immunological, and local factors/conditions individually and collectively correlate with CV-VL. METHODS: CV-VL was measured in the cervicovaginal lavage fluid (CVL) of 481 HIV-infected women over 976 person-visits in a longitudinal cohort study. We correlated identified factors with CV-VL at individual person-visits and detectable/undetectable PVL strata by univariate and multivariate linear regression and with shedding pattern (never, intermittent, persistent >/=3 shedding visits) in 136 women with >/=3 visits by ordinal logistic regression. RESULTS: Of 959 person-visits, 450 (46.9%) with available PVL were discordant, 435 (45.3%) had detectable PVL with undetectable CV-VL, and 15 (1.6%) had undetectable PVL with detectable CV-VL. Lower CV-VL correlated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) u
10.1097/QAI.0b013e31824aeaaa
22517416
PMC3334315
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Cervix Uteri/*virology Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/drug therapy/*virology HIV-1/*isolation & purification Humans Longitudinal Studies Middle Aged Plasma/virology Prospective Studies Vagina/*virology *Viral Load *Virus Shedding
Homans J, Christensen S, Stiller T, Wang CH, Mack W, Anastos K, Minkoff H, Young M, Greenblatt R, Cohen M, Strickler H, Karim R, Spencer LY, Operskalski E, Frederick T, Kovacs A (2012). Permissive and protective factors associated with presence, level, and longitudinal pattern of cervicovaginal HIV shedding. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 60(1), 99-110. PMC3334315
Journal Article
Potential cardiovascular disease risk markers among HIV-infected women initiating antiretroviral treatment
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2012
1-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22592585
BACKGROUND: Inflammation and hemostasis perturbation may be involved in vascular complications of HIV infection. We examined atherogenic biomarkers and subclinical atherosclerosis in HIV-infected adults before and after beginning highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). METHODS: In the Women's Interagency HIV Study, 127 HIV-infected women studied pre and post HAART were matched to HIV-uninfected controls. Six semiannual measurements of soluble CD14, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alfa, soluble interleukin (IL) 2 receptor, IL-6, IL-10, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, D-dimer, and fibrinogen were obtained. Carotid artery intima-media thickness was measured by B-mode ultrasound. RESULTS: Relative to HIV-uninfected controls, HAART-naive HIV-infected women had elevated levels of soluble CD14 (1945 vs 1662 ng/mL, Wilcoxon signed rank P < 0.0001), TNF-alpha (6.3 vs 3.4 pg/mL, P < 0.0001), soluble IL-2 receptor (1587 vs 949 pg/mL, P < 0.0001), IL-10 (3.3 vs 1.9 pg/mL, P < 0.0001), monocy
10.1097/QAI.0b013e31825b03be
22592585
PMC3400505
Adult Anti-Retroviral Agents/*administration & dosage Atherosclerosis/diagnosis/*epidemiology Biomarkers/*blood Carotid Arteries/diagnostic imaging/pathology Cytokines/blood Female Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products/analysis Fibrinogen/analysis HIV Infections/*complications/*drug therapy Humans Prevalence Tunica Intima/diagnostic imaging/pathology Ultrasonography
Kaplan RC, Landay AL, Hodis HN, Gange SJ, Norris PJ, Young M, Anastos K, Tien PC, Xue X, Lazar J, Parrinello CM, Benning L, Tracy RP (2012). Potential cardiovascular disease risk markers among HIV-infected women initiating antiretroviral treatment. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 60(4), 359-68. PMC3400505
Journal Article
Alcohol consumption and CD4 T-cell count response among persons initiating antiretroviral therapy
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2012
1-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22955054
BACKGROUND: We evaluated the longitudinal association of alcohol use with immunologic response to combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) among HIV-infected individuals. METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study of individuals initiating ART. Participants underwent an Audio Computer-Assisted Self-interview querying drug and alcohol use within 6 months of treatment. Immunologic response to ART was defined by CD4 T-cell count (CD4). Primary independent variables were self-reported number of drinks consumed per drinking day (quantity) and days of alcohol consumption in a typical week (frequency). We used linear mixed effects models to quantify the association between CD4 T-cell count and alcohol quantity and frequency and Cox proportional hazards models to estimate the relative hazard of an increase in 100, 150, and 200 CD4 cells per cubic millimeter per additional drink per drinking day. Analyses were stratified by sex. Viral suppression was examined as a time-varying covariate. RESU
10.1097/QAI.0b013e3182712d39
22955054
PMC3541505
Adult Aged *Alcohol Drinking Anti-Retroviral Agents/*administration & dosage CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/immunology Humans Male Middle Aged Prospective Studies Surveys and Questionnaires Young Adult
Kowalski S, Colantuoni E, Lau B, Keruly J, McCaul ME, Hutton HE, Moore RD, Chander G. (2012). Alcohol consumption and CD4 T-cell count response among persons initiating antiretroviral therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 61(4), 455-61. PMC3541505
Journal Article
NIHMS411250
Factors affecting timing of antiretroviral treatment initiation based on monitoring CD4 counts
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2012
1-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22878419
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate factors affecting antiretroviral therapy (ART) start time when triggered by a CD4 count <350 cells/muL while monitoring counts over time. Measurement frequency, requirement for confirmatory counts, and precision and accuracy of CD4 enumeration technology were considered. METHODS: Using a model of CD4 count trajectories among seroconverters in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, sequences of counts were simulated for a large hypothetical population monitored for 5 years from seroconversion. Time of first count <350 cells/muL was defined as ART start time. The simulation was adapted to evaluate the effect of the above factors on these times. ART initiation was considered "very late" among patients whose underlying trajectory declined less than 200 cells/muL during the period simulated if no previous observed count was <350 cells/muL. RESULTS: For 12-, 6-, 4-, and 3-monthly measurements, median start time was 48, 36, 32, and 30 months after seroconversion and proport
10.1097/QAI.0b013e31826be75e
22878419
PMC3649850
Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use *CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies HIV Infections/*drug therapy/immunology HIV Seropositivity/drug therapy/immunology Humans Male Time Factors
Noubary F, Hughes MD (2012). Factors affecting timing of antiretroviral treatment initiation based on monitoring CD4 counts. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 61(3), 326-33. PMC3649850
Journal Article
Improved estimation of the distribution of suppressed plasma HIV-1 RNA in men receiving effective antiretroviral therapy
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2012
1-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22217679
Plasma HIV-1 RNA was measured in 306 samples, collected from 273 highly active antiretroviral therapy-experienced men, using both the Roche COBAS TaqMan (limit of detection = 20 copies per milliliter) and Roche Amplicor (limit of detection = 50 copies per milliliter) assays. Mixtures of Gaussian distributions incorporating left-censored data were used in analyses. The more sensitive TaqMan assay estimated that 23% and 0.0003% of HIV-1 RNA values would be below 1 copy per milliliter and 1 copy per 3 L, respectively. This is in sharp contrast to the overestimation provided by the less sensitive Amplicor assay, whereby the corresponding predicted percentages were 51% and 1%. Both assays appropriately characterized suboptimal virologic response as the rightmost peaks of both distributions provided an excellent fit to the observed data. Our results based on a widely available 20 copies per milliliter sensitive assay reproduce those obtained using customized assays that quantified HIV-1 RNA
10.1097/QAI.0b013e318246bfce
22217679
PMC3299865
Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active HIV Infections/*drug therapy HIV-1/*drug effects Humans Male Middle Aged RNA, Viral/analysis/*blood Viral Load
Schneider MF, Margolick JB, Jacobson LP, Reddy S, Martinez-Maza O, Muñoz A (2012). Improved estimation of the distribution of suppressed plasma HIV-1 RNA in men receiving effective antiretroviral therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 59(4), 389-92. PMC3299865
Journal Article
Association of regional body composition with bone mineral density in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women: women's interagency HIV study
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2012
1-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22895436
OBJECTIVE: To understand how regional body composition affects bone mineral density (BMD) in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women. METHODS: Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry was used to measure regional lean and fat mass and BMD at lumbar spine (LS), total hip (TH), and femoral neck (FN) in 318 HIV-infected and 122 HIV-uninfected Women's Interagency HIV Study participants at baseline and 2 and 5 years later. Total lean and fat mass were measured using bioimpedance analysis. Multivariate marginal linear regression models assessed the association of HIV status and body composition on BMD change. RESULTS: Compared with HIV-uninfected women, HIV-infected women were older (44 vs. 37 years), more likely to be Hepatitis C virus-infected (32% vs. 14%), and postmenopausal (26% vs. 3%) and had lower baseline total fat mass, trunk fat, and leg fat. In multivariate models, increased total lean mass was independently associated with increased BMD at LS, TH, and FN, and total fat mass was associated
10.1097/QAI.0b013e31826cba6c
22895436
PMC3494812
Absorptiometry, Photon Adult Aged *Body Composition *Bone Density Female HIV Infections/*pathology Humans Middle Aged
Sharma A, Tian F, Yin MT, Keller MJ, Cohen M, Tien PC (2012). Association of regional body composition with bone mineral density in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women: women's interagency HIV study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 61(4), 469-76. PMC3494812
Journal Article
Urinary markers of kidney injury and kidney function decline in HIV-infected women
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2012
15-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23023103
OBJECTIVE: HIV-infected persons have substantially higher risk of kidney failure than persons without HIV, but serum creatinine levels are insensitive for detecting declining kidney function. We hypothesized that urine markers of kidney injury would be associated with declining kidney function among HIV-infected women. METHODS: In the Women's Interagency HIV Study, we measured concentrations of albumin-to-creatinine ratio, interleukin-18 (IL-18), kidney injury marker-1 (KIM-1), and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin from stored urine among 908 HIV-infected and 289 HIV-uninfected participants. Primary analyses used cystatin C-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (CKD-EPI eGFRcys) as the outcome, measured at baseline and 2 follow-up visits over 8 years; secondary analyses used creatinine (CKD-EPI eGFRcr). Each urine biomarker was categorized into tertiles, and kidney decline was modeled with both continuous and dichotomized outcomes. RESULTS: Compared with the lowest tertil
10.1097/QAI.0b013e3182737706
23023103
PMC3509242
AIDS-Associated Nephropathy/etiology/*physiopathology/*urine Acute-Phase Proteins/urine Adult Albuminuria/urine Biomarkers/urine Case-Control Studies Creatinine/urine Disease Progression Female Glomerular Filtration Rate HIV Infections/*physiopathology/*urine Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1 Humans Interleukin-18/urine Kidney/*injuries/*physiopathology Lipocalin-2 Lipocalins/urine Membrane Glycoproteins/urine Middle Aged Proto-Oncogene Proteins/urine Receptors, Virus Risk Factors
Shlipak MG, Scherzer R, Abraham A, Tien PC, Grunfeld C, Peralta CA, Devarajan P, Bennett M, Butch AW, Anastos K, Cohen MH, Nowicki M, Sharma A, Young MA, Sarnak MJ, Parikh CR (2012). Urinary markers of kidney injury and kidney function decline in HIV-infected women. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 61(5), 565-73. PMC3509242
Journal Article
Association of HIV infection with incident diabetes mellitus: impact of using hemoglobin A1C as a criterion for diabetes
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2012
1-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22878421
BACKGROUND: Data regarding the association between HIV and diabetes mellitus (DM) are conflicting, with little known regarding the impact of including hemoglobin A1C (A1C) as a criterion for DM. METHODS: Pooled logistic regression was used to quantify the association between HIV and DM in 1501 HIV-infected and 550 HIV-uninfected participants from the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Incident DM was defined using the following 3 criteria, definition I: fasting glucose (FG) >/=126 mg/dL, anti-DM medication or reporting DM diagnosis (with confirmation by FG >/=126 mg/dL or anti-DM medication); definition II: confirmation with a second FG >/=126 mg/dL, and definition III: addition of A1C >/=6.5% confirmed by FG >/=126 mg/dL or anti-DM medication. RESULTS: DM incidence per 100 person-years was 2.44, 1.55, and 1.70 for HIV-infected women; 1.89, 0.85, and 1.13 for HIV-uninfected women, using definition I, II, and III, respectively. After adjustment for traditional DM risk factors, HIV infection
10.1097/QAI.0b013e31826bfc32
22878421
PMC3480977
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/adverse effects/therapeutic use Diabetes Mellitus/*diagnosis/epidemiology/etiology Female Glycated Hemoglobin A/*analysis HIV Infections/*complications/drug therapy Humans Incidence Middle Aged Prospective Studies Risk Factors
Tien PC, Schneider MF, Cox C, Karim R, Cohen M, Sharma A, Young M, Glesby MJ (2012). Association of HIV infection with incident diabetes mellitus: impact of using hemoglobin A1C as a criterion for diabetes. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 61(3), 334-40. PMC3480977
Journal Article
Responses to hepatitis A virus vaccine in HIV-infected women: effect of hormonal contraceptives and HIV disease characteristics
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2012
1-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22517417
10.1097/QAI.0b013e31824d30bd
22517417
PMC3332075
Adult Antibodies, Viral/blood Contraceptive Agents/*administration & dosage/*immunology Female HIV Infections/*immunology Hepatitis A/immunology/*prevention & control Hepatitis A Vaccines/*administration & dosage/*immunology Humans Immunosuppressive Agents/administration & dosage/immunology Middle Aged
Weinberg A, Allshouse AA, Mawhinney S, Canniff J, Benning L, Wentz EL, Minkoff H, Young M, Nowicki M, Greenblatt R, Cohen MH, Golub ET (2012). Responses to hepatitis A virus vaccine in HIV-infected women: effect of hormonal contraceptives and HIV disease characteristics. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 60(1), e15-8. PMC3332075
Journal Article
Copy Number Variation within Human beta-Defensin Gene Cluster Influences Progression to AIDS in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
J AIDS Clin Res
2012
2012
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23543857
DEFB4/103A encoding beta-defensin 2 and 3, respectively, inhibit CXCR4-tropic (X4) viruses in vitro. We determined whether DEFB4/103A Copy Number Variation (CNV) influences time-to-X4 and time-to-AIDS outcomes. We utilized samples from a previously published Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), which provides longitudinal account of viral tropism in relation to the full spectrum of rates of disease progression. Using traditional models for time-to-event analysis, we investigated association between DEFB4/103A CNV and the two outcomes, and interaction between DEFB4/103A CNV and disease progression groups, Fast and Slow. Time-to-X4 and time-to-AIDS were weakly correlated. There was a stronger relationship between these two outcomes for the fast progressors. DEFB4/103A CNV was associated with time-to-AIDS, but not time-to-X4. The association between higher DEFB4/103A CNV and time-to-AIDS was more pronounced for the slow progressors. DEFB4/103A CNV was associated with time-to-AIDS in a di
10.4172/2155-6113.1000184
23543857
PMC3610425
AIDS analysis cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Disease Disease Progression health Human In Vitro longitudinal MACS model multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study outcome progression study Tropism Viruses
Mehlotra RK, Dazard JE, John B, Zimmerman PA, Weinberg A, Jurevic RJ (2012). Copy Number Variation within Human beta-Defensin Gene Cluster Influences Progression to AIDS in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. J AIDS Clin Res, 3(10), . PMC3610425
Journal Article
Asthma diagnosis and airway bronchodilator response in HIV-infected patients
J Allergy Clin Immunol
2012
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22177327
BACKGROUND: Despite the high prevalence of respiratory symptoms and obstructive lung disease in HIV-infected subjects, the prevalence of bronchodilator reversibility (BDR) and asthma has not been systematically studied during the era of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART). OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the prevalence of asthma diagnosis and related pulmonary function abnormalities in an HIV-infected cohort and to identify potential mechanisms. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 223 HIV-infected subjects with data on respiratory symptoms and diagnoses, pulmonary function, sputum cell counts, and asthma-related cytokines and chemokines in serum/sputum. RESULTS: Doctor-diagnosed asthma was present in 46 (20.6%), and BDR (>/=200 mL and >/=12% increase in FEV(1) or forced vital capacity) was present in 20 (9.0%) participants. Pulmonary symptoms and function were worse in those with doctor-diagnosed asthma. Doctor-diagnosed asthma was independently associated with f
10.1016/j.jaci.2011.11.015
22177327
PMC3294124
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/*epidemiology Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Asthma/diagnosis/drug therapy/*epidemiology/immunology Bronchodilator Agents/therapeutic use Cell Count Chemokine CCL3/blood Chemokine CCL4/blood Drug Resistance Eosinophils/pathology Female *hiv HIV Infections/diagnosis/drug therapy/*epidemiology/immunology Humans Interleukin-4/metabolism Macrophages/pathology Male Middle Aged Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/*epidemiology Prevalence Respiratory Function Tests Risk Factors Sex Factors Sputum/cytology/immunology/*metabolism United States
Gingo MR, Wenzel SE, Steele C, Kessinger CJ, Lucht L, Lawther T, Busch M, Hillenbrand ME, Weinman R, Slivka WA, McMahon DK, Zhang Y, Sciurba FC, Morris A (2012). Asthma diagnosis and airway bronchodilator response in HIV-infected patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 129(3), 708-714 e8. PMC3294124
Journal Article
Association among vitamin D, oral candidiasis, and calprotectinemia in HIV
J Dent Res
2012
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22538413
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with negative health outcomes, including infections. Vitamin D modulates inflammation and down-regulates the expression of calprotectin, a molecule which influences neutrophil functions and which has been linked to oral candidiasis (OC), the most prevalent oral lesion in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We hypothesized a positive association between vitamin D deficiency and OC, and that this effect was partially modulated by calprotectinemia. Plasma calprotectin and serum 25 (OH) vitamin D levels were measured in stored samples from 84 HIV-seropositive Chicago women enrolled in the Oral Substudy of the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). OC and vitamin D deficiency were diagnosed in, respectively, 14 (16.7%) and 46 (54.8%) of those studied. Vitamin D deficiency was positively associated with OC (p = 0.011) and with higher calprotectinemia (p = 0.019) in univariate analysis. After adjustment for CD4, HIV viral load, HIV treatment, and tobacco and
10.1177/0022034512446342
22538413
PMC3383847
Candidiasis, Oral/*etiology/immunology Cohort Studies Female HIV Seropositivity/*complications Humans Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex/*blood/*physiology Logistic Models Multivariate Analysis Prospective Studies Vitamin D/blood/*physiology Vitamin D Deficiency/*complications/immunology
Sroussi HY, Burke-Miller J, French AL, Adeyemi OM, Weber KM, Lu Y, Cohen M (2012). Association among vitamin D, oral candidiasis, and calprotectinemia in HIV. J Dent Res, 91(7), 666-70. PMC3383847
Journal Article
A single-nucleotide polymorphism in CYP2B6 leads to >3-fold increases in efavirenz concentrations in plasma and hair among HIV-infected women
J Infect Dis
2012
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22927450
BACKGROUND: Efavirenz exhibits marked interindividual variability in plasma levels and toxicities. Prior pharmacogenetic studies usually measure exposure via single plasma levels, examine limited numbers of polymorphisms, and rarely model multiple contributors. We analyzed numerous genetic and nongenetic factors impacting short-term and long-term exposure in a large heterogeneous population of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women. METHODS: We performed 24-hour intensive pharmacokinetic studies in 111 women receiving efavirenz under actual-use conditions and calculated the area-under-the-concentration-time curve (AUC) to assess short-term exposure; the efavirenz concentration in hair was measured to estimate long-term exposure. A total of 182 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 45 haplotypes in 9 genes were analyzed in relationship to exposure by use of multivariate models that included a number of nongenetic factors. RESULTS: Efavirenz AUCs increased 1.26-fold per d
10.1093/infdis/jis508
22927450
PMC3466997
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage/*pharmacokinetics Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases/*genetics Benzoxazines/administration & dosage/*pharmacokinetics Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6 Female HIV Infections/drug therapy Hair/*chemistry Humans Middle Aged Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating/*genetics Plasma/*chemistry *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide Young Adult
Gandhi M, Greenblatt RM, Bacchetti P, Jin C, Huang Y, Anastos K, Cohen M, Dehovitz JA, Sharp GB, Gange SJ, Liu C, Hanson SC, Aouizerat B; Women's Interagency HIV Study (2012). A single-nucleotide polymorphism in CYP2B6 leads to >3-fold increases in efavirenz concentrations in plasma and hair among HIV-infected women. J Infect Dis, 206(9), 1453-61. PMC3466997
Journal Article
Cytomegalovirus immunoglobulin G antibody is associated with subclinical carotid artery disease among HIV-infected women
J Infect Dis
2012
15-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22492856
BACKGROUND: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection has been implicated in immune activation and accelerated progression of immunodeficiency from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection. We hypothesized that CMV is associated with vascular disease in HIV-infected adults. METHODS: In the Women's Interagency HIV Study, we studied 601 HIV-infected and 90 HIV-uninfected participants. We assessed the association of CMV immunoglobulin G (IgG) level with carotid artery intima-media thickness, carotid artery distensibility, Young's elastic modulus, and blood pressures. Multivariable models adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, smoking, diabetes, and body mass index. RESULTS: Mean CMV IgG levels were higher in HIV-infected women compared with HIV-uninfected women (P < .01). Among HIV-infected women, higher CMV IgG level was associated with decreased carotid artery distensibility (P < .01) and increased Young's modulus (P = .02). Higher CMV IgG antibody level was associated with increased prevalence
10.1093/infdis/jis276
22492856
PMC3415890
Adult Antibodies, Viral/*immunology Carotid Arteries/pathology Carotid Artery Diseases/*etiology Cytomegalovirus/*immunology Cytomegalovirus Infections/*epidemiology/*immunology Female HIV Infections/*complications Humans Immunoglobulin G/*immunology Middle Aged Prevalence Tunica Intima/pathology
Parrinello CM, Sinclair E, Landay AL, Lurain N, Sharrett AR, Gange SJ, Xue X, Hunt PW, Deeks SG, Hodis HN, Kaplan RC (2012). Cytomegalovirus immunoglobulin G antibody is associated with subclinical carotid artery disease among HIV-infected women. J Infect Dis, 205(12), 1788-96. PMC3415890
Journal Article
HIV monoinfection is associated with increased aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index, a surrogate marker for hepatic fibrosis
J Infect Dis
2012
Mar-12
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22291196
Background. Although liver disease commonly causes morbidity and mortality among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals, data are limited on its prevalence in HIV monoinfection. We used the aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) as a surrogate marker of hepatic fibrosis to characterize liver disease in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Methods. Men were categorized based on their HIV and viral hepatitis status: uninfected (n = 1170), HIV monoinfected (n = 509), viral hepatitis monoinfected (n = 74), and HIV-viral hepatitis coinfected (n = 66). Results. The median APRI in the HIV-monoinfected group was similar to that in the hepatitis-monoinfected group (0.42 vs 0.43; P > .05), higher than in the uninfected group (0.42 vs 0.27; P < .001) but lower than in the coinfected group (0.42 vs 1.0; P < .001). On multivariable analysis, HIV infection (1.39-fold increase [FI]; P < .001), viral hepatitis infection (1.52-FI; P < .001), and the interaction between
10.1093/infdis/jir885
22291196
PMC3282573
AIDS analysis CD4 cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Disease hepatitis Hiv HIV infection Human human immunodeficiency virus immunodeficiency infection infections marker methods Morbidity mortality multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Prevalence Rna study surrogate marker virus
Price JC, Seaberg EC, Badri S, Witt MD, D'Acunto K, Thio CL (2012). HIV monoinfection is associated with increased aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index, a surrogate marker for hepatic fibrosis. J Infect Dis, 205(6), 1005-1013. PMC3282573
Journal Article
Association of polymorphisms of the mu opioid receptor gene with the severity of HIV infection and response to HIV treatment
J Infect Dis
2012
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22457278
BACKGROUND: Mu opioid receptor (OPRM1) ligands may alter expression of chemokines and chemokine receptors involved in penetration of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 into the cell. We suggest that OPRM1 variants may affect the pathophysiology of HIV infection. METHODS: DNA samples from 1031 eligible African Americans, Hispanics, and whites from the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) who were alive as of April 2006 were analyzed. We performed regression analysis of association of 18 OPRM1 variants with a change of viral load and CD4 cell count during 2 periods: between admission to WIHS and the start of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) (interval X) and between the start of HAART and the most recent WIHS visit (interval Y), and examined the association of these variants with HIV status. RESULTS: Regardless of genotype, a significant decrease in viral load during interval X was found for each ethnicity. Whites with allele G of the functional polymorphism 118A > G (r
10.1093/infdis/jis264
22457278
PMC3415853
African Americans Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active CD4 Lymphocyte Count European Continental Ancestry Group Female HIV Infections/drug therapy/*genetics/pathology HIV-1/*isolation & purification Hispanic Americans Humans *Polymorphism, Genetic Receptors, Opioid, mu/*genetics Severity of Illness Index Treatment Outcome *Viral Load
Proudnikov D, Randesi M, Levran O, Crystal H, Dorn M, Ott J, Ho A, Kreek MJ (2012). Association of polymorphisms of the mu opioid receptor gene with the severity of HIV infection and response to HIV treatment. J Infect Dis, 205(11), 1745-56. PMC3415853
Journal Article
Interleukin 10 responses are associated with sustained CD4 T-cell counts in treated HIV infection
J Infect Dis
2012
1-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22693231
BACKGROUND: Inflammation persists in treated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and may contribute to an increased risk for non-AIDS-related pathologies. We investigated the correlation of cytokine responses with changes in CD4 T-cell levels and coinfection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) during highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART). METHODS: A total of 383 participants in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (212 with HIV monoinfection, 56 with HCV monoinfection, and 115 with HIV/HCV coinfection) were studied. HIV-infected women had <1000 HIV RNA copies/mL, 99.7% had >200 CD4 T cells/muL; 98% were receiving HAART at baseline. Changes in CD4 T-cell count between baseline and 2-4 years later were calculated. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained at baseline were used to measure interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10), interleukin 12 (IL-12), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) responses to Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 a
10.1093/infdis/jis380
22693231
PMC3491747
Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active CD4 Lymphocyte Count CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/virology Female HIV Infections/drug therapy/*immunology/virology HIV-1/*immunology Hepacivirus/*immunology Hepatitis C, Chronic/*immunology/virology Humans Inflammation/immunology/virology Interleukin-10/*immunology Linear Models Multivariate Analysis Prospective Studies RNA, Viral/chemistry/genetics Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Toll-Like Receptor 3/immunology Toll-Like Receptor 4/immunology
Villacres MC, Kono N, Mack WJ, Nowicki MJ, Anastos K, Augenbraun M, Liu C, Landay A, Greenblatt RM, Gange SJ, Levine AM (2012). Interleukin 10 responses are associated with sustained CD4 T-cell counts in treated HIV infection. J Infect Dis, 206(5), 780-9. PMC3491747
Journal Article
Correlating knowledge of cervical cancer prevention and human papillomavirus with compliance after colposcopy referral
J Low Genit Tract Dis
2012
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22227841
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the impact of knowledge of cervical cancer biology and prevention as well as noncognitive measures on compliance with colposcopy referral in a high-risk population. METHODS: Participants in a US cohort of women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and at-risk comparison women completed behavior questionnaires and instruments measuring knowledge of cervical cancer prevention, depressive symptoms, trust in physicians, and perceived stress. Examinations including Pap tests also were conducted. Associations with compliance with resulting indicated colposcopy were assessed in multivariable models. RESULTS: Of 326 women with indicated colposcopy, 222 (68%) were compliant with colposcopy referral and 104 (32%) were noncompliant. In multivariable analysis, better colposcopy compliance was associated with less education (odds ratio [OR] for compliance = 2.24, 95% confidence interval = 1.12-4.51 vs more than high school), previous abnormal Pap r
10.1097/LGT.0b013e318238e83d
22227841
PMC3760241
Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Cohort Studies *Colposcopy Female HIV Infections/complications *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice Humans Middle Aged Patient Compliance/*statistics & numerical data Prospective Studies *Referral and Consultation Surveys and Questionnaires United States Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/*prevention & control
Massad LS, Weber KM, Wilson TE, Goderre JL, Hessol NA, Henry D, Colie C, Strickler HD, Levine AM, Watts DH, Evans CT (2012). Correlating knowledge of cervical cancer prevention and human papillomavirus with compliance after colposcopy referral. J Low Genit Tract Dis, 16(2), 98-105. PMC3760241
Journal Article
Liver diffusivity in healthy volunteers and patients with chronic liver disease: comparison of breathhold and free-breathing techniques
J Magn Reson Imaging
2012
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22034200
PURPOSE: To compare liver ADC obtained with breathhold and free-breathing diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) in healthy volunteers and patients with liver disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-eight subjects, 12 healthy volunteers and 16 patients (9 NAFLD, 7 chronic active HCV), underwent breathhold (BH) and free-breathing (FB) DWI MRI at 1.5 Tesla. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to determine correlation while paired t-tests assessed differences between BH and FB ADC. Estimated bias was calculated using the Bland-Altman method. RESULTS: Liver ADC (x10(-3) mm(2) /s) was lower on BH for all groups (mean difference 0.36 +/- 0.20; P < 0.01). ADC was higher in healthy volunteers (BH 1.80 +/- 0.18; FB 2.24 +/- 0.20) compared with NAFLD patients (BH 1.43 +/- 0.27; FB 1.78 +/- 0.28) (P < 0.001) and HCV patients (BH 1.63 +/- 0.191; FB 1.88 +/- 0.12). Overall correlation between BH and FB ADC was (r = 0.75), greatest in NAFLD (r = 0.90) compared with the correlation in HCV (r = 0.24)
10.1002/jmri.22748
22034200
PMC3241899
Adult Aged Case-Control Studies Diffusion Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods End Stage Liver Disease/*pathology Fatty Liver/complications/*diagnosis Female Hepatitis C/complications/*diagnosis Humans Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods Liver/*pathology Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods Male Middle Aged Models, Statistical Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Respiration
Eatesam M, Noworolski SM, Tien PC, Nystrom M, Dodge JL, Merriman RB, Qayyum A (2012). Liver diffusivity in healthy volunteers and patients with chronic liver disease: comparison of breathhold and free-breathing techniques. J Magn Reson Imaging, 35(1), 103-9. PMC3241899
Journal Article
Antioxidant sestrin-2 redistribution to neuronal soma in human immunodeficiency virus-associated neurocognitive disorders
J Neuroimmune Pharmacol
2012
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22450766
Sestrin-2 is involved in p53-dependent antioxidant defenses and in the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. We hypothesize that sestrin-2 expression is altered in the brains of subjects diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) due to neuronal oxidative stress. We studied sestrin-2 immunoreactivity in 42 isocortex sections from HIV-1-infected subjects compared to 18 age-matched non-HIV controls and 19 advanced Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases. With HIV infection, the sestrin-2 immunoreactivity pattern shifted from neuropil predominance (N) to neuropil and neuronal-soma co-dominance (NS) and neuronal-soma predominance (S; P < 0.0001, Chi-square test for linear trend). Among HIV cases showing the NS or S pattern, HAND cases were preferentially associated with the S pattern (n = 10 of 20) compared to cognitively intact cases (n = 1 of 11; P = 0.047, Fisher's exact test). In AD brains, sestrin-2 immunoreactivity was mostly intense in the ne
10.1007/s11481-012-9357-0
22450766
PMC3573843
AIDS Dementia Complex/epidemiology/metabolism/virology Adult Aged Antioxidants/*metabolism Brain/metabolism/virology Cognition Disorders/epidemiology/*metabolism/virology Female HIV Infections/epidemiology/*metabolism/virology Humans Male Middle Aged Neurons/chemistry/*metabolism/virology Nuclear Proteins/*metabolism
Soontornniyomkij V, Soontornniyomkij B, Moore DJ, Gouaux B, Masliah E, Tung S, Vinters HV, Grant I, Achim CL (2012). Antioxidant sestrin-2 redistribution to neuronal soma in human immunodeficiency virus-associated neurocognitive disorders. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol, 7(3), 579-90. PMC3573843
Journal Article
NIHMS438634
The relationship between race and HIV-distal sensory polyneuropathy in a large cohort of US women
J Neurol Sci
2012
15-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22123155
INTRODUCTION: HIV-distal sensory polyneuropathy (HIV-DSPN) is a common complication of HIV infection, yet race as a potential risk factor is not known. METHODS: Between April and October 2009, as part of the NIH Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), 1414 women, 973 of whom were HIV-infected, were clinically evaluated for peripheral neuropathy. Utilizing available clinical, laboratory, and sociodemographic variables, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis of factors associated with HIV-DSPN. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine factors independently associated with HIV-DSPN. RESULTS: 36% of HIV-infected women met our definition of HIV-DSPN. 41.3% of African Americans, 34.8% of Whites and 24.7% of Hispanics had DSPN. Age, Hepatitis C-co-infection, and diabetes were each significantly associated with HIV-DSPN. After controlling for age, diabetes, Hepatitis C co-infection, alcohol use, current dideoxy-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor use, current CD4 count, and
10.1016/j.jns.2011.11.009
22123155
PMC3299869
Adult Cohort Studies Continental Population Groups/*ethnology Cross-Sectional Studies Female HIV Infections/diagnosis/*ethnology Humans Middle Aged Polyneuropathies/diagnosis/*ethnology Prospective Studies
Anziska Y, Helzner EP, Crystal H, Glesby MJ, Plankey M, Weber K, Golub E, Burian P (2012). The relationship between race and HIV-distal sensory polyneuropathy in a large cohort of US women. J Neurol Sci, 315(2-Jan), 129-32. PMC3299869
Journal Article
Brain structural and functional recovery following initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy
J Neurovirol
2012
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22692914
NeuroAIDS persists in the era of combination antiretroviral therapies. We describe here the recovery of brain structure and function following 6 months of therapy in a treatment-naive patient presenting with HIV-associated dementia. The patient's neuropsychological test performance improved and his total brain volume increased by more than 5 %. Neuronal functional connectivity measured by magnetoencephalography changed from a pattern identical to that observed in other HIV-infected individuals to one that was indistinguishable from that of uninfected control subjects. These data suggest that at least some of the effects of HIV on the brain can be fully reversed with treatment.
10.1007/s13365-012-0115-0
22692914
PMC3459170
AIDS Dementia Complex/*drug therapy/pathology/physiopathology/psychology Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use Brain/*drug effects/pathology/physiopathology Cognition/drug effects Drug Therapy, Combination Humans Magnetoencephalography Male Middle Aged Nerve Net/drug effects/pathology Neuropsychological Tests
Becker JT, Cuesta P, Fabrizio M, Sudre G, Vergis EN, Douaihy A, Bajo R, Schubert A, Lopez OL, Parkkonen L, Maestu F, Bagic A (2012). Brain structural and functional recovery following initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy. J Neurovirol, 18(5), 423-7. PMC3459170
Journal Article
Increased cortical expression of FK506 binding protein-51 in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders
J Neurovirol
2012
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22234543
FK506 binding protein (FKBP)-51 and FKBP52 act as molecular chaperones to control glucocorticoid receptor (GR) sensitivity. Dysregulation of proteins involved in GR-mediated signaling can lead to maladaptive stress response and aging-related cognitive decline. As HIV infection is related to chronic stress, we hypothesized that altered cortical expression of these proteins was associated with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). We used quantitative immunohistochemistry to assess expression levels of these proteins in the mid-frontal gyrus of 55 HIV-infected subjects free of cerebral opportunistic diseases compared to 20 age-matched non-HIV controls. The immunoreactivity normalized to the neuroanatomic area measured (IRn) for FKBP51 was increased in HIV subjects both in the cortex and subcortical white matter (p < 0.0001, U test), while no significant alterations were observed for GR or FKBP52. Notably, the cortical FKBP51 IRn was higher in HAND subjects than in cognitively n
10.1007/s13365-011-0076-8
22234543
PMC3374917
AIDS Dementia Complex/complications/drug therapy/*genetics/metabolism Adult Anti-Retroviral Agents/administration & dosage/therapeutic use Case-Control Studies Female Gene Expression Hepacivirus/physiology Hepatitis C, Chronic/complications/drug therapy/genetics/metabolism Humans Immunohistochemistry Male Methamphetamine/administration & dosage/adverse effects Middle Aged Parahippocampal Gyrus/*metabolism/pathology/virology Signal Transduction/genetics Stress, Physiological/genetics Substance-Related Disorders/complications/genetics/metabolism Tacrolimus Binding Proteins/*genetics/metabolism
Soontornniyomkij V, Everall IP, Moore DJ, Gouaux B, Tatro ET, Gospodarev V, Masliah E, Yin NS, Vinters HV, Achim CL (2012). Increased cortical expression of FK506 binding protein-51 in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. J Neurovirol, 18(4), 313-22. PMC3374917
Journal Article
Pain, psychological symptoms and prescription drug misuse in HIV: A literature review
J Pain Manag
2012
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23826434
BACKGROUND: Pain is a common problem among persons living with HIV. In this population, pain often co-occurs with psychological symptoms, as well as illicit drug abuse. Recently, the misuse of prescription drugs, including the misuse of opioid medications for pain relief, has emerged as a significant public health problem. The purpose of this article is to review the literature on the associations among pain, illicit drug use, and symptoms of depression and anxiety in the misuse of prescription medications in HIV disease. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Although relatively little attention has centered on the management of pain, psychological symptoms and other distressing, yet treatable symptoms in HIV, the fact that drug abuse behaviors now constitute a primary risk factor for HIV infection requires a shift in focus for clinicians and researchers alike. There is currently little agreement regarding the medical provision of opioids to persons with a history of illicit drug use. Thus, additio
23826434
PMC3697768
anxiety depression opioids pain management pain medications prescription drug abuse
Tsao JC, Plankey MW, Young MA (2012). Pain, psychological symptoms and prescription drug misuse in HIV: A literature review. J Pain Manag, 5(2), 111-118. PMC3697768
Journal Article
The cumulative effects of medication use, drug use, and smoking on erectile dysfunction among men who have sex with men
J Sex Med
2012
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22321450
INTRODUCTION: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is highly prevalent among human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive (HIV+) men who have sex with men (MSM). There is a need for additional research to determine the correlates of HIV+ and HIV-seronegative (HIV-) MSM, especially regarding nonantiretroviral medication use. AIMS: This study examined the prevalence of ED and the sociodemographic, medical conditions, medication use, and substance use correlates of ED among HIV+ and HIV- MSM. METHODS: A modified version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) for MSM was self-administered by participants enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, an ongoing prospective study of the natural and treated histories of HIV infection among MSM in the United States. The study sample included 1,340 participants, including 612 HIV+ and 728 HIV- men. Poisson regression with robust error variance was used to estimate prevalence ratios of ED in multivariable models in combined (HIV+/-) and separ
10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02648.x
22321450
PMC3319271
Adult Antidepressive Agents/adverse effects/therapeutic use Antihypertensive Agents/adverse effects/therapeutic use Bisexuality Cohort Studies Cross-Sectional Studies HIV Seropositivity/diagnosis/epidemiology *Homosexuality, Male Humans Impotence, Vasculogenic/*epidemiology/*etiology Male Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis Prescription Drugs/*adverse effects/therapeutic use Risk Factors Smoking/*adverse effects/*epidemiology Substance-Related Disorders/*complications/*epidemiology
Hart TA, Moskowitz D, Cox C, Li X, Ostrow DG, Stall RD, Gorbach PM, Plankey M (2012). The cumulative effects of medication use, drug use, and smoking on erectile dysfunction among men who have sex with men. J Sex Med, 9(4), 1106-13. PMC3319271
Journal Article
Application of syndemic theory to black men who have sex with men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
J Urban Health
2012
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22383094
This study analyzed data from a large prospective epidemiologic cohort study among men who have sex with men (MSM), the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, to assess syndemic relationships among black MSM in the cohort (N = 301). We hypothesized that multiple interconnections among psychosocial health conditions would be found among these men, defining syndemic conditions. Constituents of syndemic conditions measured included reported depression symptoms, sexual compulsiveness, substance use, intimate partner violence (IPV), and stress. We found significant evidence of syndemics among these black men: depression symptoms were independently associated with sexual compulsiveness (odds ratios [OR]: 1.88, 95% CI = 1.1, 3.3) and stress (OR: 2.67, 95% CI = 1.5, 4.7); sexual compulsiveness was independently associated with stress (OR: 2.04, 95% CI = 1.2, 3.5); substance misuse was independently associated with IPV (OR: 2.57, 95% CI = 1.4, 4.8); stress independently was associated with depression s
10.1007/s11524-012-9674-x
22383094
PMC3535137
Adult African Continental Ancestry Group/*psychology Cohort Studies Depression Domestic Violence *hiv HIV Infections/*ethnology Homosexuality, Male/*psychology Humans Male Middle Aged Prospective Studies Psychological Theory *Psychology Retrospective Studies Sexual Behavior Stress, Psychological Substance-Related Disorders Unsafe Sex
Dyer TP, Shoptaw S, Guadamuz TE, Plankey M, Kao U, Ostrow D, Chmiel JS, Herrick A, Stall R (2012). Application of syndemic theory to black men who have sex with men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. J Urban Health, 89(4), 697-708. PMC3535137
Journal Article
Early HLA-B*57-restricted CD8+ T lymphocyte responses predict HIV-1 disease progression
J Virol
2012
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22811521
Although HLA-B*57 (B57) is associated with slow progression to disease following HIV-1 infection, B57 heterozygotes display a wide spectrum of outcomes, including rapid progression, viremic slow progression, and elite control. Efforts to identify differences between B57-positive (B57(+)) slow progressors and B57(+) rapid progressors have largely focused on cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) phenotypes and specificities during chronic stages of infection. Although CTL responses in the early months of infection are likely to be the most important for the long-term rate of HIV-1 disease progression, few data on the early CTL responses of eventual slow progressors have been available. Utilizing the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), we retrospectively examined the early HIV-1-specific CTL responses of 14 B57(+) individuals whose time to development of disease ranged from 3.5 years to longer than 25 years after infection. In general, a greater breadth of targeting of epitopes from structural p
10.1128/JVI.00102-12
22811521
PMC3457253
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/blood CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/virology Cohort Studies Disease Progression Epitopes/chemistry *Gene Expression Regulation, Viral HIV-1/*metabolism HLA-B Antigens/*genetics Humans Male Models, Statistical Peptides/chemistry Phenotype T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/cytology gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/metabolism
Brennan CA, Ibarrondo FJ, Sugar CA, Hausner MA, Shih R, Ng HL, Detels R, Margolick JB, Rinaldo CR, Phair J, Jacobson LP, Yang OO, Jamieson BD (2012). Early HLA-B*57-restricted CD8+ T lymphocyte responses predict HIV-1 disease progression. J Virol, 86(19), 10505-16. PMC3457253
Journal Article
A novel variant marking HLA-DP expression levels predicts recovery from hepatitis B virus infection
J Virol
2012
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22496224
Variants near the HLA-DP gene show the strongest genome-wide association with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and HBV recovery/persistence in Asians. To test the effect of the HLA-DP region on outcomes to HBV infection, we sequenced the polymorphic HLA-DPB1 and DPA1 coding exons and the corresponding 3' untranslated regions (3'UTRs) in 662 individuals of European-American and African-American ancestry. The genome-wide association study (GWAS) variant (rs9277535; 550A/G) in the 3'UTR of the HLA-DPB1 gene that associated most significantly with chronic hepatitis B and outcomes to HBV infection in Asians had a marginal effect on HBV recovery in our European- and African-American samples (odds ratio [OR] = 0.39, P = 0.01, combined ethnic groups). However, we identified a novel variant in the HLA-DPB1 3'UTR region, 496A/G (rs9277534), which associated very significantly with HBV recovery in both European and African-American populations (OR = 0.37, P = 0.0001, combined ethnic grou
10.1128/JVI.00406-12
22496224
PMC3393572
Cohort Studies Continental Population Groups/*genetics Genetic Variation Genome-Wide Association Study HLA-DP alpha-Chains/*genetics HLA-DP beta-Chains/*genetics Hepatitis B/*genetics Hepatitis B virus/*physiology Humans
Thomas R, Thio CL, Apps R, Qi Y, Gao X, Marti D, Stein JL, Soderberg KA, Moody MA, Goedert JJ, Kirk GD, Hoots WK, Wolinsky S, Carrington M (2012). A novel variant marking HLA-DP expression levels predicts recovery from hepatitis B virus infection. J Virol, 86(12), 6979-85. PMC3393572
Journal Article
Relationship of liver disease stage and antiviral therapy with liver-related events and death in adults coinfected with HIV/HCV
JAMA
2012
25-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22820790
CONTEXT: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) accelerates hepatitis C virus (HCV) disease progression; however, the effect of liver disease stage and antiviral therapy on the risk of clinical outcomes is incompletely understood. OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of end-stage liver disease (ESLD), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), or death according to baseline hepatic fibrosis and antiviral treatment for HIV/HCV coinfected individuals. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Prospective cohort of 638 coinfected adults (80% black, 66% men) receiving care at the Johns Hopkins HIV clinic and receiving a liver biopsy and who were prospectively monitored for clinical events between July 1993 and August 2011 (median follow-up, 5.82 years; interquartile range, 3.42-8.85 years). Histological specimens were scored for hepatic fibrosis stage according to the METAVIR scoring system. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Incidence of composite outcome of ESLD, HCC, or death. RESULTS: Patients experienced a graded incr
10.1001/jama.2012.7844
22820790
PMC3807214
Adult Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use Baltimore/epidemiology Biopsy Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/mortality *Coinfection Disease Progression End Stage Liver Disease/*mortality Female HIV Infections/complications/*drug therapy/*mortality Hepatitis C/*complications Humans Incidence Liver/pathology Liver Cirrhosis/*classification/mortality Liver Neoplasms/mortality Male Middle Aged Prospective Studies Treatment Outcome
Limketkai BN, Mehta SH, Sutcliffe CG, Higgins YM, Torbenson MS, Brinkley SC, Moore RD, Thomas DL, Sulkowski MS. (2012). Relationship of liver disease stage and antiviral therapy with liver-related events and death in adults coinfected with HIV/HCV. JAMA, 308(4), 370-8. PMC3807214
Journal Article
NIHMS517548
Sustained viral suppression in HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy
JAMA
2012
25-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22820781
10.1001/jama.2012.5927
22820781
PMC3541503
Adolescent Adult Anti-Retroviral Agents/*therapeutic use Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*virology Humans Logistic Models Male Middle Aged RNA, Viral/blood Retrospective Studies Risk Factors Treatment Outcome *Viral Load Young Adult
Yehia BR, Fleishman JA, Metlay JP, Moore RD, Gebo KA (2012). Sustained viral suppression in HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy. JAMA, 308(4), 339-42. PMC3541503
Journal Article
NIHMS431605
Accelerated Failure Time Model for Arbitrarily Censored Data With Smoothed Error Distribution
Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics
2012
Sep
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1198/106186005X63734
This article develops a semiparametric procedure to estimate parameters of an accelerated failure time model. To express the density of the error distribution, we use the P-spline (B-splines with penalties) smoothing technique. To accommodate error densities with infinite support (and for other reasons) we replace the B-splines with their limits as the degree of the B-spline goes to infinity; namely, with normal densities. The spline coefficients as well as any number of regression parameters are quickly and accurately estimated via penalized maximum likelihood. The method directly provides predictive survival distributions for fixed values of covariates while allowing for left-, right-, and interval-censored data. The approach has been implemented as an R package and is applied here to the problem of predicting AIDS-free survival in the presence of interval censoring.
10.1198/106186005x63734
linear regression penalized maximum likelihood spline survival analysis median regression penalized likelihood survival-data spline
A. Komárek, E. Lessafre, Hilton, Joan F. (2012). Accelerated Failure Time Model for Arbitrarily Censored Data With Smoothed Error Distribution. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics, 14(3), 726-745.
Journal Article
Depressive symptoms are increased in the early perimenopausal stage in ethnically diverse human immunodeficiency virus-infected and human immunodeficiency virus-uninfected women
Menopause
2012
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22872013
OBJECTIVE: The risk of clinically significant depressive symptoms increases during perimenopause. With highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART), more human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women survive to transition through menopause. In a cross-sectional analysis, we evaluated the association of menopausal stage and vasomotor symptoms with depressive symptoms in an ethnically diverse cohort of women with a high prevalence of HIV. METHODS: Participants included 835 HIV-infected women and 335 HIV-uninfected controls from the Women's Interagency HIV Study (63% African American). The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale was used to screen for elevated depressive symptoms. Menopausal stages were defined according to standard definitions. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of elevated depressive symptoms. RESULTS: Compared with premenopausal women, early perimenopausal women (OR [odds ratio], 1.74; 95% CI, 1.17-2.60), but not late perimenop
10.1097/gme.0b013e318255434d
22872013
PMC3483358
Adult Aged Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active CD4 Lymphocyte Count Depression/*epidemiology/ethnology *Ethnic Groups Female HIV Infections/drug therapy/*psychology Hot Flashes/psychology Humans Longitudinal Studies Middle Aged *Perimenopause
Maki PM, Rubin LH, Cohen M, Golub ET, Greenblatt RM, Young M, Schwartz RM, Anastos K, Cook JA (2012). Depressive symptoms are increased in the early perimenopausal stage in ethnically diverse human immunodeficiency virus-infected and human immunodeficiency virus-uninfected women. Menopause, 19(11), 1215-23. PMC3483358
Journal Article
Regularization for generalized additive mixture models by likelihood-based boosting
Methods Inf Med
2012
3/15/2012
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22378253
Objective: With the emergence of semi- and nonparametric regression the generalized linear mixed model has been extended to account for additive predictors. However, available fitting methods fail in high dimensional settings where many explanatory variables are present. We extend the concept of boosting to generalized additive mixed models and present an appropriate algorithm that uses two different approaches for the fitting procedure of the variance components of the random effects. Methods: The main tool developed is likelihood-based componentwise boosting that enforces variable selection in generalized additive mixed models. In contrast to common procedures they can be used in high-dimensional settings where many covariates are available and the form of the influence is unknown. The complexity of the resulting estimators is determined by information criteria. The performance of the methods is investigated in simulation studies for binary and Poisson responses with comparisons to a
10.3414/ME11-02-0021
22378253
PMC3644420
AIDS application clinical cohort Cohort Studies cohort study data sets effects information methods model multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study predictor predictors response Statistics study
Groll A, Tutz G (2012). Regularization for generalized additive mixture models by likelihood-based boosting. Methods Inf Med, 51(2), 168-177. PMC3644420
Journal Article
Neurologic disorders incidence in HIV+ vs HIV- men: Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, 1996-2011
Neurology
2012
30-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23077015
OBJECTIVE: To study the incidence and pattern of neurologic disorders in a large cohort of HIV-positive men, compared with HIV-negative men, in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). METHODS: The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study is a prospective study of men who have sex with men enrolled in 4 cities in the United States. We compared HIV-positive vs HIV-negative men for incidence and category of neurologic diagnoses in the HAART era (July 1, 1996, to last known follow-up or death, on or before July 1, 2011). RESULTS: There were 3,945 participants alive during the HAART era (2,083 HIV negative, 1,776 HIV positive, and 86 who became infected with HIV during the study period) including 3,427 who were older than 40 years of age. Median age at first neurologic diagnosis among all participants alive in the HAART era was lower in HAART-treated HIV-positive vs HIV-negative men (48 vs 57 years of age, p < 0.001). Incidence of neurologic diagnoses was higher in HAART-treated HIV-p
10.1212/WNL.0b013e318271f7b8
23077015
PMC3525315
AIDS Dementia Complex/drug therapy/*epidemiology Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Central Nervous System Infections/*epidemiology Cohort Studies Epilepsy/epidemiology Follow-Up Studies *HIV Seronegativity HIV Seropositivity/drug therapy/*epidemiology Humans Incidence Male Middle Aged Prospective Studies
Mateen FJ, Shinohara RT, Carone M, Miller EN, McArthur JC, Jacobson LP, Sacktor N; Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) Investigators (2012). Neurologic disorders incidence in HIV+ vs HIV- men: Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, 1996-2011. Neurology, 79(18), 1873-80. PMC3525315
Journal Article
Structural brain alterations can be detected early in HIV infection
Neurology
2012
11-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23197750
OBJECTIVE: Brain changes occurring early in HIV infection are not well characterized. The Chicago Early HIV Infection Study aimed to evaluate the presence and extent of structural brain alterations using quantitative MRI. METHODS: Forty-three HIV and 21 control subjects were enrolled. Mean length of infection was estimated as less than 1 year based on assay results. High-resolution neuroanatomical images were acquired. Automated image analysis was used to derive measurements for total brain, ventricular volume, and for tissue classes (total and cortical gray matter, white matter, and CSF). A separate image analysis algorithm was used to calculate measurements for individual brain regions. Cognitive function was assessed by neuropsychological evaluation. RESULTS: Reductions were quantified in total (p = 0.0547) and cortical (p = 0.0109) gray matter in the HIV group. Analysis of individual brain regions with a separate image analysis algorithm revealed consistent findings of reductions i
10.1212/WNL.0b013e318278b5b4
23197750
PMC3578377
Adult Atrophy/pathology/physiopathology Brain/*pathology/physiopathology Cognition/physiology Cross-Sectional Studies Female HIV Infections/*pathology/physiopathology/psychology HIV Seropositivity/*pathology/physiopathology Humans Image Processing, Computer-Assisted Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Neuropsychological Tests Organ Size
Ragin AB, Du H, Ochs R, Wu Y, Sammet CL, Shoukry A, Epstein LG (2012). Structural brain alterations can be detected early in HIV infection. Neurology, 79(24), 2328-34. PMC3578377
Journal Article
Factors affecting brain structure in men with HIV disease in the post-HAART era
Neuroradiology
2012
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21424708
INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to characterize brain volumetric differences in HIV seropositive and seronegative men and to determine effects of age, cardiovascular risk, and HIV infection on structural integrity. METHODS: Magnetic resonance imaging was used to acquire high-resolution neuroanatomic data in 160 men aged 50 years and over, including 84 HIV seropositive and 76 seronegative controls. Voxel-based morphometry was used to derive volumetric measurements at the level of the individual voxel. Data from a detailed neuropsychological test battery were recombined into four summary scores representing psychomotor speed, visual memory, verbal memory, and verbal fluency. RESULTS: Both age and HIV status had a significant effect on both gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volume. The age-related GM atrophy was primarily in the superior temporal and inferior frontal regions; the HIV-related GM loss included the posterior and inferior temporal lobes, the parietal lobes, a
10.1007/s00234-011-0854-2
21424708
PMC3154580
Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Atrophy Brain/*pathology Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnostic imaging Case-Control Studies Chi-Square Distribution HIV Infections/drug therapy/*pathology Humans Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods Male Middle Aged Neuropsychological Tests Organ Size Radiography Ultrasonography
Becker JT, Maruca V, Kingsley LA, Sanders JM, Alger JR, Barker PB, Goodkin K, Martin E, Miller EN, Ragin A, Sacktor N, Selnes O; Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (2012). Factors affecting brain structure in men with HIV disease in the post-HAART era. Neuroradiology, 54(2), 113-21. PMC3154580
Journal Article
Negative predictive value of pap testing: implications for screening intervals for women with human immunodeficiency virus
Obstet Gynecol
2012
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22996096
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the accuracy of Pap testing for women who are human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive, with a focus on negative predictive value. METHODS: Participants in the Women's Interagency HIV Study were monitored with conventional Pap tests every 6 months. After excluding those with abnormal Pap test results before study, cervical disease, or hysterectomy, women with negative enrollment Pap test results were monitored for development of precancer within 15 or 39 months, defined as a Pap test result read as high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, atypical glandular cells favor neoplasia, or adenocarcinoma in situ, or a cervical biopsy read as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 or worse. Correlations between one or more consecutive negative Pap test results and subsequent precancer were assessed using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: Among 942 HIV-infected women with negative baseline Pap test results, eight (1%) developed precancer within 15 months a
10.1097/AOG.0b013e31826a8bbd
22996096
PMC3448928
Adult Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia/*diagnosis/etiology/prevention & control Female Follow-Up Studies HIV Infections/*complications HIV Seronegativity HIV Seropositivity/complications Humans Middle Aged Predictive Value of Tests Proportional Hazards Models Risk Factors Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/*diagnosis/etiology Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/*diagnosis/etiology/prevention & control *Vaginal Smears
Massad LS, DʼSouza G, Tian F, Minkoff H, Cohen M, Wright RL, Colie C, Hessol NA (2012). Negative predictive value of pap testing: implications for screening intervals for women with human immunodeficiency virus. Obstet Gynecol, 120(4), 791-7. PMC3448928
Journal Article
Effect of human immunodeficiency virus infection on the prevalence and incidence of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia
Obstet Gynecol
2012
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22353957
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence, incidence, and clearance of abnormal vaginal cytology and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive women. METHODS: Pap tests were done semiannually for 335 HIV-seropositive and 75 HIV-seronegative women with prior hysterectomy in the prospective Women's Interagency HIV Study cohort. End points included abnormal Pap test results after hysterectomy and VAIN regardless of hysterectomy. RESULTS: Over a median of 5.6 years of follow-up, vaginal Pap test results were abnormal at 1,076 (29%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 25-33%) of 3,700 visits among HIV-seropositive compared with 31 (4%; 95% CI 2-8%) of 763 visits among HIV-seronegative women (P<.001). Abnormal Pap test results included 641 atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, 425 low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, and 10 high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions in HIV-seropositive women and 28 atypical squamous cells of unde
10.1097/AOG.0b013e318244ee3d
22353957
PMC3285255
Adult African Continental Ancestry Group/statistics & numerical data CD4 Lymphocyte Count Carcinoma in Situ/*epidemiology/ethnology/immunology/*virology Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia/epidemiology Cohort Studies European Continental Ancestry Group/statistics & numerical data Female HIV Infections/*epidemiology/immunology Hispanic Americans/statistics & numerical data Humans Incidence Middle Aged Prevalence Vaginal Neoplasms/*epidemiology/ethnology/immunology/*virology Vaginal Smears/statistics & numerical data
Massad LS, Xie X, Greenblatt RM, Minkoff H, Sanchez-Keeland L, Watts DH, Wright RL, D'Souza G, Merenstein D, Strickler H (2012). Effect of human immunodeficiency virus infection on the prevalence and incidence of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia. Obstet Gynecol, 119(3), 582-9. PMC3285255
Journal Article
Trends in contraceptive use among women with human immunodeficiency virus
Obstet Gynecol
2012
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22996095
OBJECTIVE: To estimate trends in contraceptive use, especially long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) and condoms, among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive and HIV-seronegative women. METHODS: Human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive and HIV-seronegative women in a multicenter longitudinal cohort were interviewed semiannually between 1998 and 2010 about sexual behaviors and contraceptive use. Trends in contraceptive use by women aged 18-45 years who were at risk for unintended pregnancy but not trying to conceive were analyzed using generalized estimating equations. RESULTS: Condoms were the dominant form of contraception for HIV-seropositive women and showed little change across time. Less than 15% of these women used no contraception. Between 1998 and 2010, LARC use increased among HIV-seronegative women from 4.8% (6 of 126) to 13.5% (19 of 141, P=.02), but not significantly among seropositive women (0.9% [4 of 438] to 2.8% [6 of 213], P=.09). Use of highly effec
10.1097/AOG.0b013e318269c8bb
22996095
PMC3449062
Adolescent Adult Condoms/*statistics & numerical data/trends Contraception/methods/*statistics & numerical data/trends *Contraceptive Agents, Female Contraceptive Devices, Female/*statistics & numerical data/trends Female *HIV Infections HIV Seronegativity HIV Seropositivity Humans Longitudinal Studies Middle Aged Models, Statistical Self Report United States Young Adult
Sun M, Peipert JF, Zhao Q, Wilson TE, Weber KM, Sanchez-Keeland L, DʼSouza G, Young M, Watts DH, Keller MJ, Cohan D, Massad LS (2012). Trends in contraceptive use among women with human immunodeficiency virus. Obstet Gynecol, 120(4), 783-90. PMC3449062
Journal Article
Pharmacist counseling in a cohort of women with HIV and women at risk for HIV
Patient Prefer Adherence
2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22791983
BACKGROUND AND METHODS: Achieving high adherence to antiretroviral therapy for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is challenging due to various system-related, medication-related, and patient-related factors. Community pharmacists can help patients resolve many medication-related issues that lead to poor adherence. The purpose of this cross-sectional survey nested within the Women's Interagency HIV Study was to describe characteristics of women who had received pharmacist medication counseling within the previous 6 months. The secondary objective was to determine whether HIV-positive women who received pharmacist counseling had better treatment outcomes, including self-reported adherence, CD4(+) cell counts, and HIV-1 viral loads. RESULTS: Of the 783 eligible participants in the Women's Interagency HIV Study who completed the survey, only 30% of participants reported receiving pharmacist counseling within the last 6 months. Factors independently associated with counseling included incr
10.2147/PPA.S30797
22791983
PMC3393123
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome antiretroviral therapy community pharmacy human immunodeficiency virus pharmacy practice women's health
Cocohoba JM, Althoff KN, Cohen M, Hu H, Cunningham CO, Sharma A, Greenblatt RM (2012). Pharmacist counseling in a cohort of women with HIV and women at risk for HIV. Patient Prefer Adherence, 6(), 457-63. PMC3393123
Journal Article
Zidovudine (AZT) monotherapy selects for the A360V mutation in the connection domain of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase
PLoS One
2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22363673
BACKGROUND: We previously demonstrated in vitro that zidovudine (AZT) selects for A371V in the connection domain and Q509L in ribonuclease H (RNase H) domain of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) which, together with the thymidine analog mutations D67N, K70R and T215F, confer greater than 100-fold AZT resistance. The goal of the current study was to determine whether AZT monotherapy in HIV-1 infected patients also selects the A371V, Q509L or other mutations in the C-terminal domains of HIV-1 RT. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Full-length RT sequences in plasma obtained pre- and post-therapy were compared in 23 participants who received AZT monotherapy from the AIDS Clinical Trials Group study 175. Five of the 23 participants reached a primary study endpoint. Mutations significantly associated with AZT monotherapy included K70R (p = 0.003) and T215Y (p = 0.013) in the polymerase domain of HIV-1 RT, and A360V (p = 0.041) in the connection domain of HIV-1 RT. HIV-1 drug susceptibility assa
10.1371/journal.pone.0031558
22363673
PMC3283647
Adenosine Triphosphate/pharmacology Amino Acid Substitution/*genetics Anti-HIV Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use Drug Resistance, Viral/drug effects/genetics HIV Infections/blood/*drug therapy/virology HIV Reverse Transcriptase/*chemistry/*genetics HIV-1/drug effects/*enzymology/genetics Humans Mutagenesis, Site-Directed Mutant Proteins/metabolism Mutation/*genetics Phenotype Protein Structure, Tertiary RNA, Viral/blood Recombination, Genetic/genetics Ribonuclease H/metabolism Zidovudine/pharmacology/*therapeutic use
Brehm JH, Scott Y, Koontz DL, Perry S, Hammer S, Katzenstein D, Mellors JW, Sluis-Cremer N; AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study 175 Protocol Team (2012). Zidovudine (AZT) monotherapy selects for the A360V mutation in the connection domain of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. PLoS One, 7(2), e31558. PMC3283647
Journal Article
Prevalence of abnormalities in vestibular function and balance among HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative women and men
PLoS One
2012
2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22675462
BACKGROUND: Most HIV-seropositive subjects in western countries receive highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Although many aspects of their health have been studied, little is known about their vestibular and balance function. The goals of this study were to determine the prevalences of vestibular and balance impairments among HIV-seropositive and comparable seronegative men and women and to determine if those groups differed. METHODS: Standard screening tests of vestibular and balance function, including head thrusts, Dix-Hallpike maneuvers, and Romberg balance tests on compliant foam were performed during semiannual study visits of participants who were enrolled in the Baltimore and Washington, D. C. sites of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and the Women's Interagency HIV Study. RESULTS: No significant differences by HIV status were found on most tests, but HIV-seropositive subjects who were using HAART had a lower frequency of abnormal Dix-Hallpike nystagmus than HIV-sero
10.1371/journal.pone.0038419
22675462
PMC3364989
Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Female HIV Infections/complications/drug therapy *HIV Seronegativity HIV Seropositivity/*complications Humans Male Middle Aged *Postural Balance Prevalence Sensation Disorders/complications/*epidemiology Vestibular Diseases/complications/*epidemiology Vestibular Function Tests
Cohen HS, Cox C, Springer G, Hoffman HJ, Young MA, Margolick JB, Plankey MW (2012). Prevalence of abnormalities in vestibular function and balance among HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative women and men. PLoS One, 7(5), e38419. PMC3364989
Journal Article
The multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, 1983 to
Public Health
2012
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22206985
The Multicenter AIDS Cohort (MACS), initiated in 1983 at the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, the University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Northwestern University School of Medicine, and the UCLA School of Public Health, continues to conduct studies and publish key papers on the natural history of untreated and treated HIV infection in 6972 men-who-have-sex-with-men. Through May 2011, 1,490,995 specimens have been collected, 86,883 person-years of data accrued and 1195 scientific papers published in international journals.
10.1016/j.puhe.2011.11.013
22206985
PMC3324261
*Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/pathology/therapy *Cohort Studies Data Collection Homosexuality, Male Humans Male *Multicenter Studies as Topic Publishing/trends United States
Detels R, Jacobson L, Margolick J, Martinez-Maza O, Muñoz A, Phair J, Rinaldo C, Wolinsky S (2012). The multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, 1983 to. Public Health, 126(3), 196-198. PMC3324261
Journal Article
Insomnia symptoms and HIV infection among participants in the Women's Interagency HIV Study
Sleep
2012
1-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22215927
OBJECTIVES: This study assessed the prevalence of insomnia symptoms among women with and without HIV-infection and examined factors associated with insomnia. DESIGN: Participants (n = 1682) were enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS); 69% were infected with HIV. This was a cross-sectional analysis of data from standardized interviewer-administered instruments and physical/gynecological exams. Analysis focused on sociodemographics, sleep measures, depressive symptoms, drug use, alcohol consumption, medications, and HIV-related clinical variables. Women were classified as having symptoms of insomnia if they reported either difficulty initiating sleep, difficulty maintaining sleep, or early morning awakening >/= 3 times a week in the past 2 weeks. RESULTS: Overall, HIV-infected women were 17% more likely to endorse insomnia symptoms than uninfected women (OR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.04-1.34, P < 0.05). The adjusted prevalence of insomnia symptoms varied by HIV status and age groups
10.5665/sleep.1602
22215927
PMC3242680
Adult Age Factors Aged Cross-Sectional Studies Depression/epidemiology Female HIV Infections/*complications Humans Logistic Models Middle Aged Prevalence Risk Factors Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/epidemiology/*etiology United States/epidemiology Young Adult HIV infection Insomnia sleep women
Jean-Louis G, Weber KM, Aouizerat BE, Levine AM, Maki PM, Liu C, Anastos KM, Milam J, Althoff KN, Wilson TE (2012). Insomnia symptoms and HIV infection among participants in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Sleep, 35(1), 131-7. PMC3242680
Journal Article
A simulation study of finite-sample properties of marginal structural Cox proportional hazards models
Stat Med
2012
30-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22492660
Motivated by a previously published study of HIV treatment, we simulated data subject to time-varying confounding affected by prior treatment to examine some finite-sample properties of marginal structural Cox proportional hazards models. We compared (a) unadjusted, (b) regression-adjusted, (c) unstabilized, and (d) stabilized marginal structural (inverse probability-of-treatment [IPT] weighted) model estimators of effect in terms of bias, standard error, root mean squared error (MSE), and 95% confidence limit coverage over a range of research scenarios, including relatively small sample sizes and 10 study assessments. In the base-case scenario resembling the motivating example, where the true hazard ratio was 0.5, both IPT-weighted analyses were unbiased, whereas crude and adjusted analyses showed substantial bias towards and across the null. Stabilized IPT-weighted analyses remained unbiased across a range of scenarios, including relatively small sample size; however, the standard er
10.1002/sim.5317
22492660
PMC3641777
Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*statistics & numerical data Bias Binomial Distribution Computer Simulation Confidence Intervals Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/mortality Humans Male Monte Carlo Method Multicenter Studies as Topic *Proportional Hazards Models Prospective Studies Sample Size Time Factors Treatment Outcome United States
Westreich D, Cole SR, Schisterman EF, Platt RW (2012). A simulation study of finite-sample properties of marginal structural Cox proportional hazards models. Stat Med, 31(19), 2098-109. PMC3641777
Journal Article
The parametric g-formula to estimate the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on incident AIDS or death
Stat Med
2012
15-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22495733
The parametric g-formula can be used to contrast the distribution of potential outcomes under arbitrary treatment regimes. Like g-estimation of structural nested models and inverse probability weighting of marginal structural models, the parametric g-formula can appropriately adjust for measured time-varying confounders that are affected by prior treatment. However, there have been few implementations of the parametric g-formula to date. Here, we apply the parametric g-formula to assess the impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy on time to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) or death in two US-based human immunodeficiency virus cohorts including 1498 participants. These participants contributed approximately 7300 person-years of follow-up (49% exposed to highly active antiretroviral therapy) during which 382 events occurred and 259 participants were censored because of dropout. Using the parametric g-formula, we estimated that antiretroviral therapy substantially reduces
10.1002/sim.5316
22495733
PMC3641816
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*prevention & control Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*standards CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies *Data Interpretation, Statistical Female *hiv HIV Infections/*drug therapy/immunology Humans Male *Models, Statistical Prospective Studies Viral Load
Westreich D, Cole SR, Young JG, Palella F, Tien PC, Kingsley L, Gange SJ, Hernán MA (2012). The parametric g-formula to estimate the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on incident AIDS or death. Stat Med, 31(18), 2000-9. PMC3641816
Journal Article
Estimation and inference on correlations between biomarkers with repeated measures and left-censoring due to minimum detection levels
Stat Med
2012
20-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22714546
Statistical approaches for estimating and drawing inference on the correlation between two biomarkers that are repeatedly assessed over time and subject to left-censoring because minimum detection levels are lacking. We propose a linear mixed-effects model and estimate the parameters with the Monte Carlo expectation maximization (MCEM) method. Inferences regarding the model parameters and the correlation between the biomarkers are performed by applying Louis's method and the delta method. Simulation studies were conducted to compare the proposed MCEM method with existing methods including the maximum likelihood estimation method, the multiple imputation method, and two widely used ad hoc approaches: replacing the censored values with the detection limit or with half of the detection limit. The results show that the performance of the MCEM with respect to relative bias and coverage probability for the 95% confidence interval is superior to the detection limit and half of the detection l
10.1002/sim.5371
22714546
PMC3875381
Biomarkers/*blood Cervix Uteri/virology Computer Simulation *Data Interpretation, Statistical Female HIV/growth & development HIV Infections/blood Humans *Limit of Detection Longitudinal Studies *Models, Statistical Monte Carlo Method RNA, Viral/blood
Xie X, Xue X, Gange SJ, Strickler HD, Kim MY; WIHS HPV Study Group (2012). Estimation and inference on correlations between biomarkers with repeated measures and left-censoring due to minimum detection levels. Stat Med, 31(21), 2275-89. PMC3875381
Journal Article
Prevalence of XMRV nucleic acid and antibody in HIV-1-Infected men and in men at risk for HIV-1 Infection
Adv Virol
2011
2011
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22282703
Xenotropic MLV-Related Virus (XMRV) was recently reported to be associated with prostate cancer and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Infection was also reported in 3.7% of healthy individuals. These highly reported frequencies of infection prompted concerns about the possibility of a new, widespread retroviral epidemic. The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) provides an opportunity to assess the prevalence of XMRV infection and its association with HIV-1 infection among men who have sex with men. Reliable detection of XMRV infection requires the application of multiple diagnostic methods, including detection of human antibodies to XMRV and detection of XMRV nucleic acid. We, therefore, tested 332 patient plasma and PBMC samples obtained from recent visits in a subset of patients in the MACS cohort for XMRV antibodies using Abbott prototype ARCHITECT chemiluminescent immunoassays (CMIAs) and for XMRV RNA and proviral DNA using a XMRV single-copy qPCR assay (X-SCA). Although 9 of 332 (2
10.1155/2011/268214
22282703
PMC3265298
AIDS Antibodies antibody application assay cancer cohort Cohort Studies cohort study control diagnostic Dna epidemic Fatigue Hiv Hiv-1 HIV-1 infection Human Immunoassay infection MACS methods multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study PBMC Plasma Prevalence prostate resistance Risk Rna serostatus sex study virus
Spindler J, Hackett J Jr, Qiu X, Wiegand A, Boltz VF, Swanson P, Bream JH, Jacobson LP, Li X, Rinaldo CR, Wolinsky SM, Coffin JM, Kearney MF, Mellors JW (2011). Prevalence of XMRV nucleic acid and antibody in HIV-1-Infected men and in men at risk for HIV-1 Infection. Adv Virol, 2011(), 268214. PMC3265298
Journal Article
Seroincidence of 2009 H1N1 infection in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women prior to vaccine availability
AIDS
2011
1-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21505313
The 2009 H1N1 pandemic was a unique opportunity to investigate differences in influenza infection using serology by HIV status. Using serial serum specimens collected from 1 April to 30 September 2009 and the prior 2 years from Women's Interagency HIV study participants, there was no difference in serologic evidence of 2009 H1N1 infection among HIV-infected women with a CD4 cell count at least 350 cells/mul compared with HIV-uninfected women. Owing to evidence showing a greater risk of influenza-related complications, HIV-infected individuals should continue to be a priority group for vaccination.
10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283471cf2
21505313
PMC3442364
Adult Aged CD4 Lymphocyte Count Female HIV Infections/complications/*epidemiology/immunology *HIV-1/immunology Humans *Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology Influenza, Human/*epidemiology/immunology Middle Aged Pandemics Risk Factors
Althoff KN, Eichelberger M, Gange SJ, Sharp GB, Gao J, Glesby MJ, Young M, Greenblatt RM, French AL, Villacres MC, Minkoff H (2011). Seroincidence of 2009 H1N1 infection in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women prior to vaccine availability. AIDS, 25(9), 1229-32. PMC3442364
Journal Article
HIV-1 decreases the levels of neurotrophins in human lymphocytes
AIDS
2011
15-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21422985
Neurotrophins control cell survival. Therefore, we examined whether HIV-1 reduces neurotrophin levels. Serum of HIV-positive individuals exhibited lower concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), but not of other neurotrophins, than HIV-negative individuals. In addition, R5 and X4 strains of HIV-1 decreased BDNF expression in T cells. Our results support the hypothesis that reduced levels of BDNF may be a risk factor for T-cell apoptosis and for neurological complications associated with HIV-1 infection.
10.1097/QAD.0b013e32834671b3
21422985
PMC3752340
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/*metabolism HIV Infections/*metabolism HIV-1/*immunology Humans Lymphocyte Count Nerve Growth Factors/*metabolism RNA, Messenger
Avdoshina V, Garzino-Demo A, Bachis A, Monaco MC, Maki PM, Tractenberg RE, Liu C, Young MA, Mocchetti I (2011). HIV-1 decreases the levels of neurotrophins in human lymphocytes. AIDS, 25(8), 1126-8. PMC3752340
Journal Article
Serological immunity to adenovirus serotype 5 is not associated with risk of HIV infection: a case-control study
AIDS
2011
1/14/2011
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21150554
BACKGROUND: adenoviruses are among the most promising vectors for the development of an HIV vaccine. The results of the phase IIB study of the adenovirus serotype 5-based Merck Trivalent HIV vaccine have raised the concern that serological immunity to adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) could be linked to HIV acquisition risk in high-risk individuals. We examined the association between adenovirus serostatus and the rate of incident HIV infection in populations at elevated risk of HIV acquisition. METHODS: we performed a nested case-control study of Ad5 serostatus among 299 HIV-infected and 590 matched HIV-uninfected persons participating in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) and in HPTN 039, a study of herpes simplex virus 2 suppression among adults in the United States, South America, and Africa. Appropriate HIV cases and controls were identified in each cohort, and Ad5-neutralizing antibody titers were compared in these two groups. RESULTS: in MACS and HPTN 039, the relative risks of
10.1097/QAD.0b013e328342115c
21150554
PMC3057418
Adult Africa AIDS Antibodies antibody cancer Case-Control Studies cohort Cohort Studies cohort study control Disease Herpes Simplex Herpes simplex virus high-risk Hiv HIV infection Hiv-1 Immunity infection infectious diseases MACS methods multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study population research Risk serostatus study support United States vaccine virus
Curlin ME, Cassis-Ghavami F, Magaret AS, Spies GA, Duerr A, Celum CL, Sanchez JL, Margolick JB, Detels R, McElrath MJ, Corey L (2011). Serological immunity to adenovirus serotype 5 is not associated with risk of HIV infection: a case-control study. AIDS, 25(2), 153-158. PMC3057418
Journal Article
Absence of reproducibly detectable low-level HIV viremia in highly exposed seronegative men and women
AIDS
2011
13-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21297421
OBJECTIVE: Transient HIV infections have been invoked to account for the cellular immune responses detected in highly virus-exposed individuals who have remained HIV-seronegative. We tested for very low levels of HIV RNA in 524 seronegative plasma samples from 311 highly exposed women and men from three longitudinal HIV cohorts. DESIGN: Two thousand and seventy-three transcription-mediated amplification (TMA) HIV RNA tests were performed for an average of 3.95 TMA assays per plasma sample. Quadruplicate TMA assays, analyzing a total of 2 ml of plasma, provided an estimated sensitivity of 3.5 HIV RNA copies/ml. RESULTS: Four samples from individuals who did not seroconvert within the following 6 months were positive for HIV RNA. For one sample, human polymorphism DNA analysis indicated a sample mix-up. Borderline HIV RNA detection signals were detected for the other three positive samples but further replicate TMA testing yielded no positive results. Nested PCR assays (n = 254) for HIV
10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283440269
21297421
PMC3458706
Female HIV Infections/*blood/immunology/virology HIV Seronegativity/*immunology HIV-1/*immunology Humans Male Prospective Studies Reproducibility of Results Viremia/*immunology Virus Replication
Delwart E, Bernardin F, Lee TH, Winkelman V, Liu C, Sheppard H, Liu A, Greenblatt R, Anastos K, DeHovitz J, Nowicki M, Cohen M, Golub ET, Barbour J, Buchbinder S, Busch MP; NIAID Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology (CHAVI) (2011). Absence of reproducibly detectable low-level HIV viremia in highly exposed seronegative men and women. AIDS, 25(5), 619-23. PMC3458706
Journal Article
The effect of HIV infection and HAART on inflammatory biomarkers in a population-based cohort of women
AIDS
2011
24-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21572306
OBJECTIVE: HIV causes inflammation that can be at least partially corrected by HAART. To determine the qualitative and quantitative nature of cytokine perturbation, we compared cytokine patterns in three HIV clinical groups, including HAART responders (HAART), untreated HIV noncontrollers, and HIV-uninfected (NEG). METHODS: Multiplex assays were used to measure 32 cytokines in a cross-sectional study of participants in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Participants from three groups were included: HAART (n = 17), noncontrollers (n = 14), and HIV NEG (n = 17). RESULTS: Several cytokines and chemokines showed significant differences between noncontrollers and NEG participants, including elevated interferon gamma-induced 10 (IP-10) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and decreased interleukin-12(p40) [IL-12(p40)], IL-15, and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) in noncontroller participants. Biomarker levels among HAART women more closely resembled the NEG, with the exception of TN
10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283489d1f
21572306
PMC3314300
Adult *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Biomarkers/*blood CD4 Lymphocyte Count Chemokine CXCL10/blood/drug effects Cohort Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Cytokines/*blood/drug effects Female Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/blood/drug effects HIV Infections/drug therapy/*immunology/virology *hiv-1 Humans Inflammation/*blood Interleukin-12/blood Interleukin-15/blood Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/blood/drug effects Viral Load/drug effects
Keating SM, Golub ET, Nowicki M, Young M, Anastos K, Crystal H, Cohen MH, Zhang J, Greenblatt RM, Desai S, Wu S, Landay AL, Gange SJ, Norris PJ; Women's Interagency HIV Study (2011). The effect of HIV infection and HAART on inflammatory biomarkers in a population-based cohort of women. AIDS, 25(15), 1823-32. PMC3314300
Journal Article
Relative time to pregnancy among HIV-infected and uninfected women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study, 2002-2009
AIDS
2011
13-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21297418
OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence rate of, and the relative time to pregnancy by HIV status in US women between 2002 and 2009. DESIGN: The Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) is an ongoing, multicenter prospective cohort study of the natural and treated history of HIV infection and related outcomes among women with and without HIV. METHODS: Eligible participants were 45 years of age or less; sexually active with male partner(s) or reported a pregnancy outcome within the past year; and never reported hysterectomy, tubal ligation, or oopherectomy. Poisson regression was conducted to compare pregnancy incidence rates over time by HIV status. Relative time to pregnancy was ascertained via Kaplan-Meier plots and generalized gamma survival analysis. RESULTS: Adjusting for age, number of male sex partners, contraception, parity, exchanging sex, and alcohol use, HIV infection was associated with a 40% reduction in the incidence rate of pregnancy [incidence rate ratio = 0.60, 95% confiden
10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283445811
21297418
PMC3496791
Adult Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use Female HIV Infections/complications/drug therapy/*epidemiology *hiv-1 Humans Incidence Population Surveillance Pregnancy *Pregnancy Complications, Infectious Risk Factors Time Factors
Linas BS, Minkoff H, Cohen MH, Karim R, Cohan D, Wright RL, Young M, Watts DH, Golub ET (2011). Relative time to pregnancy among HIV-infected and uninfected women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study, 2002-2009. AIDS, 25(5), 707-11. PMC3496791
Journal Article
Effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on biomarkers of B-lymphocyte activation and inflammation
AIDS
2011
28-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21192231
OBJECTIVE: Chronic inflammation and B-cell hyperactivation are seen in HIV infection, contributing to an increased risk for the accrual of genetic errors that may result in B-cell lymphoma. The primary objective of this study was to determine the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on serum levels of molecules that are associated with immune activation and/or inflammation, including several that are associated with B-cell activation, specifically IL-6, sCD30, sCD27, IgG, IgA, CXCL13 (B lymphocyte chemoattractant, BLC), a B-lymphocyte chemokine involved in B-cell trafficking, as well as C-reactive protein, an acute-phase protein. DESIGN: We used a retrospective cohort study design, measuring serum levels of these markers at each of four 1-year intervals, 2 years before and 2 years after HAART initiation, in a subgroup of 290 HIV-infected men enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). METHODS: Serum levels of immune activation-associated molecules were measu
10.1097/QAD.0b013e32834273ad
21192231
PMC3322644
Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active B-Lymphocytes/*immunology Biomarkers/blood C-Reactive Protein/metabolism CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies HIV Infections/blood/drug therapy/*immunology *HIV-1/genetics Humans *Lymphocyte Activation Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/blood/genetics/*immunology Lymphoma, B-Cell/blood/genetics/*immunology Male Viral Load
Regidor DL, Detels R, Breen EC, Widney DP, Jacobson LP, Palella F, Rinaldo CR, Bream JH, Martínez-Maza O (2011). Effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on biomarkers of B-lymphocyte activation and inflammation. AIDS, 25(3), 303-14. PMC3322644
Journal Article
Substance use and the quality of patient-provider communication in HIV clinics
AIDS Behav
2011
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20703792
The objective of this study was to estimate the influence of substance use on the quality of patient-provider communication during HIV clinic encounters. Patients were surveyed about unhealthy alcohol and illicit drug use and rated provider communication quality. Audio-recorded encounters were coded for specific communication behaviors. Patients with vs. without unhealthy alcohol use rated the quality of their provider's communication lower; illicit drug user ratings were comparable to non-users. Visit length was shorter, with fewer activating/engaging and psychosocial counseling statements for those with vs. without unhealthy alcohol use. Providers and patients exhibited favorable communication behaviors in encounters with illicit drug users vs. non-users, demonstrating greater evidence of patient-provider engagement. The quality of patient-provider communication was worse for HIV-infected patients with unhealthy alcohol use but similar or better for illicit drug users compared with n
10.1007/s10461-010-9779-8
20703792
PMC3077450
Adult Aged Alcohol Drinking/psychology *Communication Female HIV Infections/diagnosis/*psychology Humans Male Middle Aged Office Visits Patient Satisfaction *Professional-Patient Relations *Quality of Health Care Substance-Related Disorders/psychology
Korthuis PT, Saha S, Chander G, McCarty D, Moore RD, Cohn JA, Sharp VL, Beach MC (2011). Substance use and the quality of patient-provider communication in HIV clinics. AIDS Behav, 15(4), 832-41. PMC3077450
Journal Article
NIHMS262201
Sexual serosorting among women with or at risk of HIV infection
AIDS Behav
2011
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20490909
Serosorting, the practice of selectively engaging in unprotected sex with partners of the same HIV serostatus, has been proposed as a strategy for reducing HIV transmission risk among men who have sex with men (MSM). However, there is a paucity of scientific evidence regarding whether women engage in serosorting. We analyzed longitudinal data on women's sexual behavior with male partners collected in the Women's Interagency HIV Study from 2001 to 2005. Serosorting was defined as an increasing trend of unprotected anal or vaginal sex (UAVI) within seroconcordant partnerships over time, more frequent UAVI within seroconcordant partnerships compared to non-concordant partnerships, or having UAVI only with seroconcordant partners. Repeated measures Poisson regression models were used to examine the associations between serostatus partnerships and UAVI among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women. The study sample consisted of 1,602 HIV-infected and 664 HIV-uninfected women. Over the follow-
10.1007/s10461-010-9710-3
20490909
PMC2987377
Adult Condoms/statistics & numerical data Female Follow-Up Studies HIV Infections/*epidemiology/prevention & control/psychology/*transmission HIV Seronegativity HIV Seropositivity/psychology/*transmission HIV-1/immunology Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice Humans Male Middle Aged Prevalence Prospective Studies Risk Reduction Behavior Risk-Taking Self Disclosure Sexual Partners/*psychology Socioeconomic Factors United States/epidemiology Unsafe Sex/psychology/*statistics & numerical data Young Adult
Liu C, Hu H, Goparaju L, Plankey M, Bacchetti P, Weber K, Correa N, Nowicki M, Wilson TE (2011). Sexual serosorting among women with or at risk of HIV infection. AIDS Behav, 15(1), 15-Sep. PMC2987377
Journal Article
Concurrent validity of a computer-based cognitive screening tool for use in adults with HIV disease
AIDS Patient Care STDS
2011
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21545295
As the incidence of HIV-associated dementia has decreased, the survival of HIV-infected individuals with milder forms of cognitive impairment has increased. Detecting this milder impairment in its earliest stages has great clinical and research importance. We report here the results of an initial evaluation of the Computer Assessment of Mild Cognitive Impairment (CAMCI((R))), a computerized screening tool designed to assess abnormal cognitive decline with reduced respondent and test administrator burden. Fifty-nine volunteers (29 HIV infected; age=50.9 years; education=14.9 years; 36/59 males) completed the CAMCI((R)) and a battery of neuropsychological tests. The CAMCI was repeated 12 and 24 weeks later. The results from the CAMCI were compared to Global and Domain Impairment scores derived from the full neuropsychological test battery. The CAMCI detected mild impairment (compared with normal and borderline test performance) with a sensitivity of 0.72, specificity of 0.97, positive pr
10.1089/apc.2011.0051
21545295
PMC3102031
Adult Aged Cognition Disorders/*diagnosis/psychology *Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted Educational Status Female Follow-Up Studies HIV Infections/*complications Humans Male Mass Screening Middle Aged Neuropsychological Tests Psychometrics/statistics & numerical data Reproducibility of Results Sensitivity and Specificity Surveys and Questionnaires/*standards
Becker JT, Dew MA, Aizenstein HJ, Lopez OL, Morrow L, Saxton J (2011). Concurrent validity of a computer-based cognitive screening tool for use in adults with HIV disease. AIDS Patient Care STDS, 25(6), 351-7. PMC3102031
Journal Article
Missing data on the estimation of the prevalence of accumulated human immunodeficiency virus drug resistance in patients treated with antiretroviral drugs in north america
Am J Epidemiol
2011
15-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21813792
Determination of the prevalence of accumulated antiretroviral drug resistance among persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is complicated by the lack of routine measurement in clinical care. By using data from 8 clinic-based cohorts from the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design, drug-resistance mutations from those with genotype tests were determined and scored using the Genotypic Resistance Interpretation Algorithm developed at Stanford University. For each year from 2000 through 2005, the prevalence was calculated using data from the tested subset, assumptions that incorporated clinical knowledge, and multiple imputation methods to yield a complete data set. A total of 9,289 patients contributed data to the analysis; 3,959 had at least 1 viral load above 1,000 copies/mL, of whom 2,962 (75%) had undergone at least 1 genotype test. Using these methods, the authors estimated that the prevalence of accumulated resistance to 2 or more antiretro
10.1093/aje/kwr141
21813792
PMC3202147
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use *Drug Resistance, Multiple, Viral Female Follow-Up Studies Genotype HIV Infections/*drug therapy/epidemiology/virology HIV-1/*drug effects/genetics Humans Male Middle Aged Mutation North America/epidemiology Prevalence RNA, Viral/genetics Retrospective Studies Risk Assessment/*statistics & numerical data Time Factors
Abraham AG, Lau B, Deeks S, Moore RD, Zhang J, Eron J, Harrigan R, Gill MJ, Kitahata M, Klein M, Napravnik S, Rachlis A, Rodriguez B, Rourke S, Benson C, Bosch R, Collier A, Gebo K, Goedert J, Hogg R, Horberg M, Jacobson L, Justice A, Kirk G, Martin J, McKaig R, Silverberg M, Sterling T, Thorne J, Willig J, Gange SJ; North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design of the International Epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS (2011). Missing data on the estimation of the prevalence of accumulated human immunodeficiency virus drug resistance in patients treated with antiretroviral drugs in north america. Am J Epidemiol, 174(6), 727-35. PMC3202147
Journal Article
Limitation of inverse probability-of-censoring weights in estimating survival in the presence of strong selection bias
Am J Epidemiol
2011
1-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21289029
In time-to-event analyses, artificial censoring with correction for induced selection bias using inverse probability-of-censoring weights can be used to 1) examine the natural history of a disease after effective interventions are widely available, 2) correct bias due to noncompliance with fixed or dynamic treatment regimens, and 3) estimate survival in the presence of competing risks. Artificial censoring entails censoring participants when they meet a predefined study criterion, such as exposure to an intervention, failure to comply, or the occurrence of a competing outcome. Inverse probability-of-censoring weights use measured common predictors of the artificial censoring mechanism and the outcome of interest to determine what the survival experience of the artificially censored participants would be had they never been exposed to the intervention, complied with their treatment regimen, or not developed the competing outcome. Even if all common predictors are appropriately measured
10.1093/aje/kwq385
21289029
PMC3105434
Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/mortality Disease-Free Survival HIV/isolation & purification HIV Infections/drug therapy/epidemiology/*mortality Humans Mathematical Computing Models, Statistical Multicenter Studies as Topic Patient Compliance Research Design Selection Bias Survival Analysis United States/epidemiology
Howe CJ, Cole SR, Chmiel JS, Muñoz A (2011). Limitation of inverse probability-of-censoring weights in estimating survival in the presence of strong selection bias. Am J Epidemiol, 173(5), 569-77. PMC3105434
Journal Article
Microanalysis of the antiretroviral nevirapine in human hair from HIV-infected patients by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
Anal Bioanal Chem
2011
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21847531
Sufficient drug exposure is crucial for maintaining durable responses to HIV treatments. However, monitoring drug exposure using single blood samples only provides short-term information and is highly subject to intra-individual pharmacokinetic variation. Drugs can accumulate in hair over a long period of time, so hair drug levels can provide drug exposure information over prolonged periods. We now report on a specific, sensitive, and reproducible liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for measuring nevirapine (NVP), a widely used antiretroviral drug, levels in human hair using even a single short strand of hair. Hair samples are cut into small segments, and the drug is extracted in methanol/trifluoroacetic acid (v/v, 9:1) shaken at 37 degrees C in a water bath overnight, followed by liquid-liquid extraction under alkaline conditions. The extracted samples are then separated on a BDS-C(18) column with a mobile phase composed of 50% acetonitrile containing 0.15% acetic ac
10.1007/s00216-011-5278-7
21847531
PMC3477620
Anti-HIV Agents/*analysis Chromatography, Liquid/economics/methods Cohort Studies HIV Infections/*drug therapy Hair/*chemistry Humans Nevirapine/*analysis Reproducibility of Results Sensitivity and Specificity Tandem Mass Spectrometry/economics/*methods
Huang Y, Yang Q, Yoon K, Lei Y, Shi R, Gee W, Lin ET, Greenblatt RM, Gandhi M (2011). Microanalysis of the antiretroviral nevirapine in human hair from HIV-infected patients by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem, 401(6), 1923-33. PMC3477620
Journal Article
The base component of 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxynucleosides influences resistance mutations selected in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase
Antimicrob Agents Chemother
2011
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21646480
We recently reported that HIV-1 resistant to 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) is not cross-resistant to 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxypurines. This finding suggested that the nucleoside base is a major determinant of HIV-1 resistance to nucleoside analogs. To further explore this hypothesis, we conducted in vitro selection experiments by serial passage of HIV-1(LAI) in MT-2 cells in increasing concentrations of 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyguanosine (3'-azido-ddG), 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxycytidine (3'-azido-ddC), or 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine (3'-azido-ddA). 3'-Azido-ddG selected for virus that was 5.3-fold resistant to 3'-azido-ddG compared to wild-type HIV-1(LAI) passaged in the absence of drug. Population sequencing of the entire reverse transcriptase (RT) gene identified L74V, F77L, and L214F mutations in the polymerase domain and K476N and V518I mutations in the RNase H domain. However, when introduced into HIV-1 by site-directed mutagenesis, these 5 mutations only conferred approximately 2.0
10.1128/AAC.00414-11
21646480
PMC3147647
Anti-HIV Agents/*pharmacology Azides/pharmacology Base Sequence Dideoxyadenosine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology Dideoxynucleosides/*pharmacology Drug Resistance, Viral HIV Reverse Transcriptase/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism HIV-1/*drug effects/genetics Mutagenesis, Site-Directed Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/*pharmacology Sequence Analysis, RNA Zalcitabine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology Zidovudine/pharmacology
Meteer JD, Koontz D, Asif G, Zhang HW, Detorio M, Solomon S, Coats SJ, Sluis-Cremer N, Schinazi RF, Mellors JW (2011). The base component of 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxynucleosides influences resistance mutations selected in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 55(8), 3758-64. PMC3147647
Journal Article
Pre-existing albuminuria predicts AIDS and non-AIDS mortality in women initiating antiretroviral therapy
Antivir Ther
2011
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21685547
BACKGROUND: We previously reported an increased risk of all-cause and AIDS mortality among HIV-infected women with albuminuria (proteinuria or microalbuminuria) enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) prior to the introduction of HAART. METHODS: The current analysis includes 1,073 WIHS participants who subsequently initiated HAART. Urinalysis for proteinuria and semi-quantitative testing for microalbuminuria from two consecutive study visits prior to HAART initiation were categorized as follows: confirmed proteinuria (both specimens positive for protein), confirmed microalbuminuria (both specimens positive with at least one microalbuminuria), unconfirmed albuminuria (one specimen positive for proteinuria or microalbuminuria), or negative (both specimens negative). Time from HAART initiation to death was modelled using proportional hazards analysis. RESULTS: Compared with the reference group of women with two negative specimens, the hazard ratio (HR) for all-cause mortality
10.3851/IMP1766
21685547
PMC3119869
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications/*drug therapy/*mortality Adult Albuminuria/*complications *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Female Humans Middle Aged Predictive Value of Tests Proportional Hazards Models Proteinuria/complications Risk Factors Survival Analysis
Wyatt CM, Hoover DR, Shi Q, Tien PC, Karim R, Cohen MH, Goderre JL, Seaberg EC, Lazar J, Young MA, Klotman PE, Anastos K. (2011). Pre-existing albuminuria predicts AIDS and non-AIDS mortality in women initiating antiretroviral therapy. Antivir Ther, 16(4), 591-6. PMC3119869
Journal Article
Pyrosequencing of the genital microbiotas of HIV-seropositive and -seronegative women reveals Lactobacillus iners as the predominant Lactobacillus Species
Appl Environ Microbiol
2011
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21075899
The species of vaginal lactobacilli in HIV-seropositive and -seronegative women were determined by 16S gene pyrosequencing. Lactobacillus iners sequences were the predominant lactobacillus sequences in 66% of HIV(+) women and 90% of HIV(-) women. This has implications for resistance of HIV(+) and HIV(-) women to genital colonization by pathogenic organisms.
10.1128/AEM.00973-10
21075899
PMC3019699
*Biodiversity Cluster Analysis DNA, Bacterial/chemistry/genetics DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry/genetics Female *HIV Infections Humans Lactobacillus/classification/genetics/*isolation & purification *Metagenome Phylogeny RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics Sequence Analysis, DNA Vagina/*microbiology
Spear GT, Gilbert D, Landay AL, Zariffard R, French AL, Patel P, Gillevet PM (2011). Pyrosequencing of the genital microbiotas of HIV-seropositive and -seronegative women reveals Lactobacillus iners as the predominant Lactobacillus Species. Appl Environ Microbiol, 77(1), 378-81. PMC3019699
Journal Article
T cell activation predicts carotid artery stiffness among HIV-infected women
Atherosclerosis
2011
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21492857
OBJECTIVES: HIV disease is associated with increased arterial stiffness, which may be related to inflammation provoked by HIV-related immune perturbation. We assessed the association of T cell markers of immune activation and immunosenescence with carotid artery stiffness among HIV-infected women. METHODS: Among 114 HIV-infected and 43 HIV-uninfected women, we measured CD4+ and CD8+ T cell populations expressing activation (CD38+HLA-DR+) and senescence (CD28-CD57+) markers. We then related these measures of immune status with parameters of carotid artery stiffness, including decreased distensibility, and increased Young's elastic modulus, as assessed by B-mode ultrasound. RESULTS: HIV infection was associated with increased CD4+ T cell activation, CD8+ T cell activation and CD8+ T cell senescence. Among HIV-infected women, adjusted for age, HIV medications, and vascular risk factors, higher CD4+CD38+HLA-DR+ T cell frequency was associated with decreased carotid artery distensibility (b
10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.03.011
21492857
PMC3139014
ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1/biosynthesis Adult CD28 Antigens/biosynthesis CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism CD57 Antigens/biosynthesis CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism Carotid Arteries/*pathology Cellular Senescence Female HIV Infections/*complications/pathology HLA-DR Antigens/biosynthesis Humans Inflammation *Lymphocyte Activation Middle Aged Models, Statistical Prospective Studies Risk Factors T-Lymphocytes/*cytology *Vascular Stiffness
Kaplan RC, Sinclair E, Landay AL, Lurain N, Sharrett AR, Gange SJ, Xue X, Parrinello CM, Hunt P, Deeks SG, Hodis HN (2011). T cell activation predicts carotid artery stiffness among HIV-infected women. Atherosclerosis, 217(1), 207-13. PMC3139014
Journal Article
A particular diffusion model for incomplete longitudinal data: application to the multicenter AIDS cohort study
Biostatistics
2011
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21199891
Longitudinal studies, in which individuals are measured repeatedly in time, are often incomplete. We model continuous-time longitudinal data from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study using a diffusion model in which the diffusion parameters are functions of the covariates. These data are jointly modeled with the process of time-to-death due to AIDS. We show that, even for large data sets with a large number of missing variables, a Bayesian analysis is feasible using Gibbs sampling and compare a complete case analysis with a Bayesian treatment of missing values.
10.1093/biostatistics/kxq079
21199891
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology CD4 Lymphocyte Count *Cohort Studies Humans *Longitudinal Studies Male *Models, Immunological *Models, Statistical Multicenter Studies as Topic/*methods Survival Analysis
Struthers CA, McLeish DL (2011). A particular diffusion model for incomplete longitudinal data: application to the multicenter AIDS cohort study. Biostatistics, 12(3), 493-505.
Journal Article
Subcortical brain atrophy persists even in HAART-regulated HIV disease
Brain Imaging Behav
2011
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21264551
The purpose of this study was to determine the pattern and extent of caudate nucleus and putamen atrophy in HIV-infected men with well-controlled immune status and viral replication. 155 men underwent structural brain magnetic resonance imaging; 84 were HIV-infected and 71 were uninfected controls. MRI data were processed using the Fully Deformable Segmentation routine, producing volumes for the right and left caudate nucleus and putamen, and 3-D maps of spatial patterns of thickness. There was significant atrophy in the HIV-infected men in both the caudate and putamen, principally in the anterior regions. The volume of the basal ganglia was inversely associated with the time since first seropositivity, suggesting that either there is a chronic, subclinical process that continues in spite of therapy, or that the extent of the initial insult caused the extent of atrophy.
10.1007/s11682-011-9113-8
21264551
PMC3082694
Algorithms *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Atrophy Caudate Nucleus/*pathology Cohort Studies HIV Infections/*diagnosis/*drug therapy Humans Image Processing, Computer-Assisted Imaging, Three-Dimensional *Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Middle Aged Putamen/*pathology Time Factors
Becker JT, Sanders J, Madsen SK, Ragin A, Kingsley L, Maruca V, Cohen B, Goodkin K, Martin E, Miller EN, Sacktor N, Alger JR, Barker PB, Saharan P, Carmichael OT, Thompson PM; Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (2011). Subcortical brain atrophy persists even in HAART-regulated HIV disease. Brain Imaging Behav, 5(2), 77-85. PMC3082694
Journal Article
NIHMS268993
B-cell stimulatory cytokines and markers of immune activation are elevated several years prior to the diagnosis of systemic AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
2011
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21527584
BACKGROUND: The risk of developing non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is greatly increased in HIV infection. The aim of this study was to determine whether elevated serum levels of molecules associated with B-cell activation precede the diagnosis of AIDS-associated NHL (AIDS-NHL). METHODS: Serum levels of B-cell activation-associated molecules, interleukin (IL)6, IL10, soluble CD23 (sCD23), sCD27, sCD30, C-reactive protein (CRP), and immunoglobulin E were determined in 179 NHL cases and HIV+ controls in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, collected at up to 3 time points per subject, 0 to 5 years prior to AIDS-NHL diagnosis. RESULTS: Serum IL6, IL10, CRP, sCD23, sCD27, and sCD30 levels were all significantly elevated in the AIDS-NHL group, when compared with HIV+ controls or with AIDS controls, after adjusting for CD4 T-cell number. Elevated serum levels of B-cell activation-associated molecules were seen to be associated with the development of systemic [non-CNS (central nervous system)] NHL,
10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-11-0037
21527584
PMC3132317
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/blood/*complications/immunology Adult B-Lymphocytes/*immunology/metabolism Biomarkers, Tumor/*blood/immunology Case-Control Studies Cytokines/*blood/immunology Humans Lymphocyte Activation/immunology Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/blood/complications/*immunology Lymphoma, B-Cell/blood/complications/*immunology Male Middle Aged Young Adult
Breen EC, Hussain SK, Magpantay L, Jacobson LP, Detels R, Rabkin CS, Kaslow RA, Variakojis D, Bream JH, Rinaldo CR, Ambinder RF, Martinez-Maza O (2011). B-cell stimulatory cytokines and markers of immune activation are elevated several years prior to the diagnosis of systemic AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 20(7), 1303-14. PMC3132317
Journal Article
FIB-4 index is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma risk in HIV-infected patients
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
2011
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22028407
BACKGROUND: Chronic inflammation caused by hepatitis B virus infection, hepatitis C virus infection, and/or heavy alcohol use can lead to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and eventually hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). FIB-4 is an index score calculated from platelet count, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and age that predicts fibrosis and cirrhosis. We hypothesized that high FIB-4 would be associated with development of HCC in HIV-infected persons, who are at high risk due to high prevalence of viral hepatitis and alcohol consumption, and possibly due to HIV infection itself. METHODS: Using proportional hazards models, we tested this hypothesis among 22,980 HIV-infected men from the Veterans Aging Cohort Study. We identified incident HCC cases from the Veterans Affairs Central Cancer Registry. RESULTS: During follow-up, there were 112 incident HCC diagnoses. The age- and race/ethnic group-adjusted HR was 4.2 [95% confidence interval (CI), 2.4-7.4] for intermediate FIB-4 and 13.0 (95%
10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-11-0582
22028407
PMC3237927
Adult Age Factors Aged Alanine Transaminase/analysis Aspartate Aminotransferases/analysis Biomarkers/blood Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/blood/*virology Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/blood/*complications Humans Liver Function Tests Liver Neoplasms/blood/*virology Male Middle Aged Platelet Count Risk Factors
Park LS, Tate JP, Justice AC, Lo Re V 3rd, Lim JK, Bräu N, Brown ST, Butt AA, Gibert C, Goetz MB, Rimland D, Rodriguez-Barradas MC, Dubrow R (2011). FIB-4 index is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma risk in HIV-infected patients. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 20(12), 2512-7. PMC3237927
Journal Article
NIHMS334585
Atazanavir concentration in hair is the strongest predictor of outcomes on antiretroviral therapy
Clin Infect Dis
2011
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21507924
BACKGROUND: Adequate exposure to antiretrovirals is important to maintain durable responses, but methods to assess exposure (eg, querying adherence and single plasma drug level measurements) are limited. Hair concentrations of antiretrovirals can integrate adherence and pharmacokinetics into a single assay. METHODS: Small hair samples were collected from participants in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), a large cohort of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected (and at-risk noninfected) women. From 2003 through 2008, we analyzed atazanavir hair concentrations longitudinally for women reporting receipt of atazanavir-based therapy. Multivariate random effects logistic regression models for repeated measures were used to estimate the association of hair drug levels with the primary outcome of virologic suppression (HIV RNA level, <80 copies/mL). RESULTS: 424 WIHS participants (51% African-American, 31% Hispanic) contributed 1443 person-visits to the analysis. After adjusting fo
10.1093/cid/cir131
21507924
PMC3079399
Adult Aged Anti-HIV Agents/*administration & dosage/pharmacokinetics *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Atazanavir Sulfate Drug Monitoring/methods Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy Hair/*chemistry Humans Longitudinal Studies Medication Adherence Middle Aged Models, Statistical Oligopeptides/*administration & dosage/pharmacokinetics Pyridines/*administration & dosage/pharmacokinetics Treatment Outcome
Gandhi M, Ameli N, Bacchetti P, Anastos K, Gange SJ, Minkoff H, Young M, Milam J, Cohen MH, Sharp GB, Huang Y, Greenblatt RM (2011). Atazanavir concentration in hair is the strongest predictor of outcomes on antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis, 52(10), 1267-75. PMC3079399
Journal Article
Epidemiology of HIV infection in the United States: implications for linkage to care
Clin Infect Dis
2011
15-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21342909
The epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the United States has changed significantly over the past 30 years. HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is currently a disease of greater demographic diversity, affecting all ages, sexes, and races, and involving multiple transmission risk behaviors. At least 50,000 new HIV infections will continue to be added each year; however, one-fifth of persons with new infections may not know they are infected, and a substantial proportion of those who know they are infected are not engaged in HIV care. Barriers to early engagement in care may be specific to a demographic group. In this paper, the current epidemiology of HIV/AIDS in the United States is reviewed in order to understand the challenges, successes, and best practices for removing the barriers to effective diagnosis and receipt of HIV care within specific demographic groups.
10.1093/cid/ciq044
21342909
PMC3106255
Age Factors Benchmarking Ethnic Groups Female HIV/immunology HIV Infections/*epidemiology/*prevention & control/transmission *Health Services Humans Male Minority Groups Sex Factors Sexual Behavior Socioeconomic Factors United States/epidemiology
Moore RD (2011). Epidemiology of HIV infection in the United States: implications for linkage to care. Clin Infect Dis, 52 Suppl 2(), S208-13. PMC3106255
Journal Article
Dramatic decline in the HIV-1 RNA level over calendar time in a large urban HIV practice
Clin Infect Dis
2011
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21844006
BACKGROUND: We have previously showed that as antiretroviral therapy has improved over time since 1995-1996, the likelihood of achieving virologic suppression has also improved. Antiretroviral therapy and antiretroviral therapy guidelines have continued to evolve, and we wished to determine the trend in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) RNA levels over time in HIV-infected persons receiving care in our large urban HIV clinical practice in Baltimore, Maryland. METHODS: The HIV-1 RNA level was assessed each year from 1996 through 2010 at the date closest to 1 July for all patients in care and followed up in the Johns Hopkins HIV Clinical Cohort. The clinic population's median HIV-1 RNA level and stratified threshold levels were plotted. The demographic characteristics of the population were also assessed over time. RESULTS: From 1996 (shortly after highly active antiretroviral therapy [HAART] was introduced) to 2010, the median HIV-1 RNA level decreased from 10,400 to <200 copies/mL.
10.1093/cid/cir467
21844006
PMC3202317
Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Baltimore/epidemiology CD4 Lymphocyte Count Female HIV Infections/blood/epidemiology/immunology/*virology HIV-1/*genetics Humans Longitudinal Studies Male Middle Aged RNA, Viral/*blood Urban Population/statistics & numerical data Viral Load
Moore RD, Bartlett JG (2011). Dramatic decline in the HIV-1 RNA level over calendar time in a large urban HIV practice. Clin Infect Dis, 53(6), 600-4. PMC3202317
Journal Article
Viremia copy-years predicts mortality among treatment-naive HIV-infected patients initiating antiretroviral therapy
Clin Infect Dis
2011
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21890751
BACKGROUND: Cross-sectional plasma human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viral load (VL) measures have proven invaluable for clinical and research purposes. However, cross-sectional VL measures fail to capture cumulative plasma HIV burden longitudinally. We evaluated the cumulative effect of exposure to HIV replication on mortality following initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART). METHODS: We included treatment-naive HIV-infected patients starting ART from 2000 to 2008 at 8 Center for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems sites. Viremia copy-years, a time-varying measure of cumulative plasma HIV exposure, were determined for each patient using the area under the VL curve. Multivariable Cox models were used to evaluate the independent association of viremia copy-years for all-cause mortality. RESULTS: Among 2027 patients contributing 6579 person-years of follow-up, the median viremia copy-years was 5.3 log(1)(0) copy x y/mL (interquartile range: 4.9-6.3 log(1
10.1093/cid/cir526
21890751
PMC3189165
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*administration & dosage *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active CD4 Lymphocyte Count Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*mortality Humans Longitudinal Studies Male Middle Aged Models, Statistical Survival Analysis Treatment Outcome Viremia/*drug therapy/*mortality
Mugavero MJ, Napravnik S, Cole SR, Eron JJ, Lau B, Crane HM, Kitahata MM, Willig JH, Moore RD, Deeks SG, Saag MS; Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems (CNICS) Cohort Study (2011). Viremia copy-years predicts mortality among treatment-naive HIV-infected patients initiating antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis, 53(9), 927-35. PMC3189165
Journal Article
JC virus antibody and viremia as predictors of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in human immunodeficiency virus-1-infected individuals
Clin Infect Dis
2011
Oct-11
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21852452
We examined whether prediagnostic John Cunningham virus (JCV) antibodies and viremia are predictors of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in 83 PML cases and 240 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease-matched controls. JCV viremia was not predictive of PML, but some patients showed higher anti-JCV immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses 6 months prior to diagnosis
10.1093/cid/cir507
21852452
PMC3166351
Adult Antibodies Antibodies,Viral antibody Baltimore blood complications control diagnosis Female Hiv HIV Infections Hiv-1 Human human immunodeficiency virus Humans Igg immunodeficiency immunoglobulin Immunoglobulin G immunology isolation & purification JC Virus Leukoencephalopathy,Progressive Multifocal Male Maryland Middle Aged Predictive Value of Tests predictor predictors progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy research response support Viremia virology virus
Viscidi RP, Khanna N, Tan CS, Li X, Jacobson L, Clifford DB, Nath A, Margolick JB, Shah KV, Hirsch HH, Koralnik IJ (2011). JC virus antibody and viremia as predictors of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in human immunodeficiency virus-1-infected individuals. Clin Infect Dis, 53(7), 711-715. PMC3166351
Journal Article
Multisite comparison of high-sensitivity multiplex cytokine assays
Clin Vaccine Immunol
2011
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21697338
The concentrations of cytokines in human serum and plasma can provide valuable information about in vivo immune status, but low concentrations often require high-sensitivity assays to permit detection. The recent development of multiplex assays, which can measure multiple cytokines in one small sample, holds great promise, especially for studies in which limited volumes of stored serum or plasma are available. Four high-sensitivity cytokine multiplex assays on a Luminex (Bio-Rad, BioSource, Linco) or electrochemiluminescence (Meso Scale Discovery) platform were evaluated for their ability to detect circulating concentrations of 13 cytokines, as well as for laboratory and lot variability. Assays were performed in six different laboratories utilizing archived serum from HIV-uninfected and -infected subjects from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) and the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) and commercial plasma samples spanning initial HIV viremia. In a majority of serum samples,
10.1128/CVI.05032-11
21697338
PMC3147360
Adult Clinical Laboratory Techniques/*methods/*standards Cytokines/*analysis Female HIV Infections/immunology Humans Immunoassay/methods/standards Male Middle Aged Plasma/*chemistry Sensitivity and Specificity Serum/*chemistry
Breen EC, Reynolds SM, Cox C, Jacobson LP, Magpantay L, Mulder CB, Dibben O, Margolick JB, Bream JH, Sambrano E, Martínez-Maza O, Sinclair E, Borrow P, Landay AL, Rinaldo CR, Norris PJ (2011). Multisite comparison of high-sensitivity multiplex cytokine assays. Clin Vaccine Immunol, 18(8), 1229-42. PMC3147360
Journal Article
Cardiovascular disease in HIV infection
Curr Opin HIV AIDS
2011
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21546831
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) use has markedly reduced AIDS-related mortality and opportunistic illness. With improved survival, cardiovascular disease (CVD) has emerged as an important noninfectious chronic comorbidity among antiretroviral (ARV)-treated HIV-infected persons. RECENT FINDINGS: HIV infection can impact CVD and comorbidities known to increase CVD risk. Untreated HIV can cause proatherogenic elevations in serum lipids. Chronic HIV viremia results in increases in systemic inflammation, hypercoagulation, and reductions in endovascular reactivity, all of which are at least partially reversible with virally suppressive HAART. Chronic T-cell activation can also result in adverse vascular effects. Use of some ARV drugs can impact CVD risk by causing pro-atherogenic serum lipid elevations, induction of insulin resistance, increases in visceral adiposity or subcutaneous fat loss. Abacavir use may increase myocardial infarction risk by reducing vas
10.1097/COH.0b013e328347876c
21546831
PMC3501268
Anti-HIV Agents/adverse effects Cardiovascular Diseases/*complications/*epidemiology Comorbidity HIV Infections/*complications/drug therapy/*epidemiology Humans Risk Factors
Palella FJ Jr, Phair JP (2011). Cardiovascular disease in HIV infection. Curr Opin HIV AIDS, 6(4), 266-71. PMC3501268
Journal Article
Renal disease in HIV-infected individuals
Curr Opin HIV AIDS
2011
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21519246
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has resulted in a marked decrease in AIDS-related conditions and death. With improved survival, cardiovascular disease, hepatic, renal disease, and non-AIDS-related cancers represent an increasing burden for HIV-infected individuals. RECENT FINDINGS: HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN), acute renal injury, HAART, and comorbid conditions such as hepatitis C, hypertension, and diabetes are among the multiple causes of renal disease. In HIVAN there is incomplete understanding of the interaction of the virus with renal cells and the host genetics leading to susceptibility to this form of renal dysfunction. There is agreement that a baseline estimated glomerular filtration should be obtained and that renal function should be monitored during antiretroviral therapy. There is, however, no agreement as to the most accurate method of estimating GFR. Renal transplantation has emerged as a feasible and successful modality of managemen
10.1097/COH.0b013e3283476bc3
21519246
PMC3266688
AIDS-Associated Nephropathy/*epidemiology Anti-HIV Agents/*administration & dosage HIV Infections/*complications/*drug therapy Hepatitis C Humans Incidence
Phair J, Palella F (2011). Renal disease in HIV-infected individuals. Curr Opin HIV AIDS, 6(4), 285-9. PMC3266688
Journal Article
Lower levels of interleukin-12 precede the development of tuberculosis among HIV-infected women
Cytokine
2011
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21880503
Tuberculosis (TB) is the worldwide leading cause of death among HIV-infected individuals, accounting for more than half of AIDS-related deaths. A high risk of tuberculosis (TB) has been shown in early stages of the HIV disease, even in the presence of normal CD4(+) cell counts. Moreover, the factors that determine protective immunity vs. susceptibility to Mycobacterium tuberculosis cannot be fully explained by simple changes in IFNgamma levels or a shift from Th1 to Th2 cytokines. This work investigated the relationship between cytokine expression profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and susceptibility to M. tuberculosis in 10 HIV+ women who went onto develop TB. RNA transcripts for IL-4, IL-4delta2, IL-10, IL-12(p35), IL-13, IL-17A, IFNgamma and TNFalpha were measured by real-time quantitative PCR in unstimulated or TB peptide antigen-stimulated PBMCs from 10 HIV+ women with positive tuberculin skin tests (TST) and compared with HIV-seropositive and seronegative women
10.1016/j.cyto.2011.08.018
21880503
PMC3466167
CD4 Lymphocyte Count Female Humans Interleukin-12/*blood Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Tuberculosis/*blood
Bordón J, Plankey MW, Young M, Greenblatt RM, Villacres MC, French AL, Zhang J, Brock G, Appana S, Herold B, Durkin H, Golub JE, Fernandez-Botran R (2011). Lower levels of interleukin-12 precede the development of tuberculosis among HIV-infected women. Cytokine, 56(2), 325-31. PMC3466167
Journal Article
Asymptomatic primary Merkel cell polyomavirus infection among adults
Emerg Infect Dis
2011
Aug-11
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21801612
Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV) is a recently discovered virus that causes 80% of Merkel cell carcinomas. We examined data for 564 gay/bisexual male participants >18 years of age in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA, and found that 447 (79.3%) were MCV-antibody positive at initial enrollment. Of the 117 MCV-seronegative men, 31 subsequently seroconverted over a 4-year follow-up period, corresponding to a 6.6% annual conversion rate. MCV immunoglobulin G levels remained detectable up to 25 years after exposure. No signs, symptoms, or routine diagnostic test results were associated with MCV infection, and no correlation between HIV infection or AIDS progression and MCV infection was noted. An initial correlation between chronic hepatitis B virus infection and MCV prevalence could not be confirmed among MCV seroconverters or in studies of a second hepatitis B virus-hyperendemic cohort from Qidong, China. In adults, MCV is typically an asymptomatic, common,
10.3201/eid1708.110079
21801612
PMC3381535
Adult age AIDS Antibodies Antibodies,Viral antibody asymptomatic Bisexuality blood cancer Carcinoma,Merkel Cell cohort Cohort Studies cohort study correlation diagnostic epidemiology follow-up hepatitis Hepatitis B Hepatitis B Virus Hiv HIV infection Homosexuality,Male Humans immunoglobulin Immunoglobulin G immunology infection Male Merkel cell polyomavirus Middle Aged multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Multicenter Studies Mutation pathogenicity pathology Pennsylvania Pittsburgh Polyomavirus Infections Prevalence progression research Skin Neoplasms study support symptoms Tumor Virus Infections virology virus
Tolstov YL, Knauer A, Chen JG, Kensler TW, Kingsley LA, Moore PS, Chang Y (2011). Asymptomatic primary Merkel cell polyomavirus infection among adults. Emerg Infect Dis, 17(8), 1371-1380. PMC3381535
Journal Article
Changes in plasma mullerian-inhibiting substance and brain-derived neurotrophic factor after chemotherapy in premenopausal women
Fertil Steril
2011
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21075370
Eight premenopausal women with cancer had blood drawn for analysis of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and mullerian-inhibiting substance (MIS) before and 3 months after receiving chemotherapy. Unlike MIS, BDNF levels were not reduced after chemotherapy.
10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.10.033
21075370
PMC3047594
Adult Anti-Mullerian Hormone/*blood Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects/*therapeutic use Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/*blood Female Humans Matched-Pair Analysis Middle Aged Neoplasms/blood/*drug therapy/rehabilitation Premenopause/*blood Young Adult
Aslam MF, Merhi ZO, Ahmed S, Kuzbari O, Seifer DB, Minkoff H (2011). Changes in plasma mullerian-inhibiting substance and brain-derived neurotrophic factor after chemotherapy in premenopausal women. Fertil Steril, 95(5), 1790-3. PMC3047594
Journal Article
Low physical function as a risk factor for incident diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance
Future Virol
2011
Apr-11
http://www.futuremedicine.com/doi/abs/10.2217/fvl.11.15
Data from 1790 HIV-infected and uninfected men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) were analyzed to evaluate relationships between physical function, incident diabetes mellitus (DM) and insulin resistance among HIV-infected and -uninfected men. DM was defined in two ways, using less stringent and more stringent criteria. The 10-item Physical Functioning Scale from the Short Form-36 Health Survey measured baseline physical function. Cumulative DM incidence was highest among HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected men with low physical function. Physical function was a risk factor for DM in HIV-uninfected men and remained so after controlling for BMI, DM family history and race. Among HIV-infected men, physical function was an independent risk factor for DM using the less stringent diabetes definition. This study supports our previous findings that low physical function is an important risk factor for DM in the MACS cohort
10.2217/fvl.11.15 [doi]
23805163
PMC3690565
AIDS cohort Cohort Studies cohort study definition Diabetes Mellitus health history Incidence Insulin Resistance MACS multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study physical function Pittsburgh Public Health resistance Risk study support
Allison Longenberger, Jeong Youn Lim, Todd T Brown, Alison Abraham, Frank J Palella, Rita B Effros, Trevor Orchard, Maria Mori Brook, Lawrence A Kingsley (2011). Low physical function as a risk factor for incident diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance. Future Virol, 6(4), 439-449. PMC3690565
Journal Article
Incidence and risk factors for steatosis progression in adults coinfected with HIV and hepatitis C virus
Gastroenterology
2011
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21134375
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Hepatic steatosis is a common histologic finding in patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), although little is known about its natural history. We prospectively examined the natural history of steatosis in patients coinfected with HIV and HCV who attended an urban HIV clinic. METHODS: The study cohort consisted of 222 coinfected patients (87% black, 94% with HCV genotype 1 infection) who had at least 2 liver biopsies performed between 1993 and 2008. Biopsy specimens were scored by a single pathologist; samples were classified as having trivial (<5% of hepatocytes affected) or significant (>5%) levels of fat (steatosis). We characterized progression to significant levels of fat among patients whose first biopsy samples had no or trivial levels of fat, and regression among those with significant fat, using logistic regression. RESULTS: Initial biopsy specimens from most patients (88%) had no or trivial amounts of fat. Am
10.1053/j.gastro.2010.11.052
21134375
PMC3073565
Adult Alcohol Drinking/adverse effects/epidemiology Anti-Retroviral Agents/adverse effects Baltimore/epidemiology Biopsy Body Mass Index CD4 Lymphocyte Count Chi-Square Distribution Disease Progression Fatty Liver/diagnosis/*epidemiology/virology Female HIV/genetics HIV Infections/complications/diagnosis/drug therapy/*epidemiology Hepatitis C/complications/diagnosis/*epidemiology Humans Incidence Liver Cirrhosis/epidemiology/virology Logistic Models Male Middle Aged Obesity/complications/epidemiology Odds Ratio Prospective Studies RNA, Viral/blood Risk Assessment Risk Factors Severity of Illness Index Time Factors Viral Load
Woreta TA, Sutcliffe CG, Mehta SH, Brown TT, Higgins Y, Thomas DL, Torbenson MS, Moore RD, Sulkowski MS (2011). Incidence and risk factors for steatosis progression in adults coinfected with HIV and hepatitis C virus. Gastroenterology, 140(3), 809-17. PMC3073565
Journal Article
NIHMS257511
Quantifying the risks and benefits of efavirenz use in HIV-infected women of childbearing age in the USA
HIV Med
2011
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20561082
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to quantify the benefits (life expectancy gains) and risks (efavirenz-related teratogenicity) associated with using efavirenz in HIV-infected women of childbearing age in the USA. METHODS: We used data from the Women's Interagency HIV Study in an HIV disease simulation model to estimate life expectancy in women who receive an efavirenz-based initial antiretroviral regimen compared with those who delay efavirenz use and receive a boosted protease inhibitor-based initial regimen. To estimate excess risk of teratogenic events with and without efavirenz exposure per 100,000 women, we incorporated literature-based rates of pregnancy, live births, and teratogenic events into a decision analytic model. We assumed a teratogenicity risk of 2.90 events/100 live births in women exposed to efavirenz during pregnancy and 2.68/100 live births in unexposed women. RESULTS: Survival for HIV-infected women who received an efavirenz-based initial antiretroviral therap
10.1111/j.1468-1293.2010.00856.x
20561082
PMC3010302
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced/*epidemiology Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*adverse effects Benzoxazines/*adverse effects Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/mortality Humans Life Expectancy Pregnancy Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/drug therapy Pregnancy Outcome Risk Assessment Risk Factors Teratogens/*toxicity United States/epidemiology
Hsu HE, Rydzak CE, Cotich KL, Wang B, Sax PE, Losina E, Freedberg KA, Goldie SJ, Lu Z, Walensky RP; CEPAC Investigators (2011). Quantifying the risks and benefits of efavirenz use in HIV-infected women of childbearing age in the USA. HIV Med, 12(2), 97-108. PMC3010302
Journal Article
Quantitative and qualitative correlates of cervicovaginal herpes simplex virus type 2 shedding among HIV-infected women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study
Int J STD AIDS
2011
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21571975
We identified demographic, clinical and biological determinants of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) shedding among HIV-infected participants in the Women's HIV Interagency Study (WIHS). Cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) specimens from 369 HIV-infected HSV seropositive women were tested with TaqMan polymerase chain reaction (PRC) for detection HSV-2 DNA. Seven percent of women tested positive for HSV-2 DNA in CVL. Significant correlates of the presence of HSV-2 DNA in CVL were being younger, African American or Hispanic race/ethnicity and injecting drugs in the past six months (P < 0.05). A borderline significant trend for reduced viral shedding with higher CD4+ T cell counts was observed (P = 0.08). All women who were never observed with any genital lesions and had consistently negative self-reported history of genital sores throughout the follow-up (n = 29, 8%) were negative for CVL HSV-2 DNA. HSV-2 DNA quantity was significantly associated with having frequent subsequent lesion recurren
10.1258/ijsa.2009.009296
21571975
PMC3123901
Adult Antibodies, Viral/blood DNA, Viral/blood Female HIV Infections/*complications Herpes Genitalis/*diagnosis/pathology/*virology Herpesvirus 2, Human/genetics/*isolation & purification Humans Polymerase Chain Reaction Risk Factors Vaginal Douching *Virus Shedding
Aumakhan B, Gange SJ, Beyrer C, Gaydos CA, Minkoff H, Merenstein DJ, Cohen MH, Anastos K, Greenblatt R, Nowicki MJ, Quinn TC (2011). Quantitative and qualitative correlates of cervicovaginal herpes simplex virus type 2 shedding among HIV-infected women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Int J STD AIDS, 22(5), 273-7. PMC3123901
Journal Article
Vitamin D deficiency in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women in the United States
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2011
1-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21471818
BACKGROUND: Vitamin D deficiency is of increasing concern in HIV-infected persons because of its reported association with a number of negative health outcomes that are common in HIV. We undertook this study to determine the prevalence and predictors of vitamin D deficiency among a nationally representative cohort of middle-aged, ethnically diverse, HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). METHODS: Vitamin D testing was performed by Quest Diagnostics on frozen sera using the liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy method. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as 25(OH)D </=20 ng/mL. Comparisons of continuous and categorical characteristics among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women were made by Wilcoxon tests and Pearson chi tests, respectively. RESULTS: One thousand seven hundred seventy-eight women (1268 HIV positive) were studied. Sixty-three percent had vitamin D deficiency (60% HIV positive vs. 72% HIV negative; P < 0.001). Multivaria
10.1097/QAI.0b013e31821ae418
21471818
PMC3431159
Adult African Americans Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use Cohort Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Female HIV/metabolism HIV Infections/complications/*epidemiology Humans Middle Aged Odds Ratio RNA, Viral/blood Risk Factors United States/epidemiology Vitamin D Deficiency/complications/*epidemiology/ethnology
Adeyemi OM, Agniel D, French AL, Tien PC, Weber K, Glesby MJ, Villacres MC, Sharma A, Merenstein D, Golub ET, Meyer W, Cohen M (2011). Vitamin D deficiency in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women in the United States. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 57(3), 197-204. PMC3431159
Journal Article
Disparities in antiretroviral treatment: a comparison of behaviorally HIV-infected youth and adults in the HIV Research Network
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2011
1-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21637114
OBJECTIVES: Increasing numbers of youth are becoming HIV-infected and need highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). We hypothesized that behaviorally HIV-infected youth (BIY) ages 18 to 24 years are less likely than adults (25 years or older) to receive HAART and, once initiated, more likely to discontinue their first HAART regimen. METHODS: Longitudinal analysis of treatment-naive patients (age 18 years or older) meeting criteria for HAART and followed at HIV Research Network sites (2002-2008). Time from meeting criteria to HAART initiation and duration on first regimen were assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS: A total of 3127 (268 youth, 2859 adult) treatment-naive, HIV-infected patients met criteria. BIY were more likely to be black (66.8% vs 51.1%; P < 0.01) and less likely to identify injection drug use HIV risk (1.1% vs 8.8%; P < 0.01) than adults 25 years of age or older. Nearly 69% of BIY started HAART versus 79% of adults (P < 0.001). Adults 25 to
10.1097/QAI.0b013e31822327df
21637114
PMC3159724
Adolescent Adult Age Factors Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Drug Administration Schedule HIV Infections/*drug therapy Humans Longitudinal Studies Retrospective Studies Time Factors Young Adult
Agwu AL, Fleishman JA, Korthuis PT, Siberry GK, Ellen JM, Gaur AH, Rutstein R, Gebo KA; HIV Research Network (2011). Disparities in antiretroviral treatment: a comparison of behaviorally HIV-infected youth and adults in the HIV Research Network. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 58(1), 100-7. PMC3159724
Journal Article
NIHMS301953
Kaposi Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus serum DNA and antibodies not associated with subsequent non-Hodgkin lymphoma risk
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2011
2/1/2011
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21116187
Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV) infects B-cells and is found in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) B-cell tumors and could therefore contribute to the occurrence of NHL. We performed a nested case-control study including 155 incident NHL cases and matched noncancer controls. Pre-NHL serum was tested for KSHV DNA and antibodies. Serum KSHV DNA was more common in cases than controls (14% versus 6%, P = 0.03), but after adjustment, the difference was not significant. Epstein-Barr virus serum DNA was similarly unassociated with NHL as were KSHV antibodies. KSHV is not a primary cause of NHL in HIV-infected men who have sex with men
10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181ff976b
21116187
PMC3073851
Antibodies antibody B cells Baltimore cancer Case-Control Studies control Dna epidemiology genetics health immunology lymphoma microbiology New York pathology psychiatry Public Health Risk sera sex study tumors virus
Beachler DC, Gellert LL, Jacobson LP, Ambinder RF, Breen EC, Martínez-Maza O, Rabkin CS, Kaslow RA, D'Souza G (2011). Kaposi Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus serum DNA and antibodies not associated with subsequent non-Hodgkin lymphoma risk. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 56(2), 188-192. PMC3073851
Journal Article
Failure of initial therapy with two nucleosides and efavirenz is not associated with early emergence of mutations in the C-terminus of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2011
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21350368
It is uncertain how often mutations in the connection or RNase H domains of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) emerge with failure of first-line antiretroviral therapy. Full-length RT sequences in plasma obtained pretherapy and at virologic failure were compared in 53 patients on first-line efavirenz-containing regimens from AIDS Clinical Trials Group study A5142. HIV-1 was mostly subtype B (48 of 53). Mutations in the polymerase but not in connection or RNase H domains of RT increased in frequency between pretherapy and failure (K103N, P = 0.001; M184I/V, P = 0.016). Selection of mutations in C-terminal domains of RT is not common with early failure of efavirenz-containing regimens.
10.1097/QAI.0b013e31820cf029
21350368
PMC3086845
Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/methods Benzoxazines/*therapeutic use *Drug Resistance, Viral HIV Infections/*drug therapy HIV Reverse Transcriptase/*genetics HIV-1/*drug effects/genetics/isolation & purification Humans *Mutation, Missense Nucleosides/*therapeutic use RNA, Viral/genetics Sequence Analysis, DNA
Brehm JH, Lalama CM, Hughes MD, Haubrich R, Riddler SA, Sluis-Cremer N, Mellors JW; AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study A5142 Protocol Team (2011). Failure of initial therapy with two nucleosides and efavirenz is not associated with early emergence of mutations in the C-terminus of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 56(4), 344-8. PMC3086845
Journal Article
NIHMS267205
Chronic kidney disease and estimates of kidney function in HIV infection: a cross-sectional study in the multicenter AIDS cohort study
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2011
15-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21646913
BACKGROUND: Cystatin C has been proposed as an alternative marker of kidney function among HIV-infected persons in whom serum creatinine is affected by extrarenal factors. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we compared estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) using serum creatinine versus cystatin C between 150 HIV-uninfected and 783 HIV-infected men. We evaluated the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD; eGFR less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m) and examined the influence of extrarenal factors on GFR estimates among HIV-infected men. RESULTS: Estimated GFRSCR was similar by HIV serostatus, but eGFRCYSC was lower in HIV-infected men. A higher proportion of HIV-infected men were classified as having CKD when using eGFRCYSC versus eGFRSCR (7% vs 5%, P < 0.01). In HIV-infected individuals without CKD, eGFRSCR was higher than eGFRCYSC, whereas it was lower than eGFRCYSC in persons with CKD. In HIV-infected men, older age, proteinuria, and prior clinical AIDS were inversely associated
10.1097/QAI.0b013e318222f461
21646913
PMC3159728
Adult Aging Cohort Studies Continental Population Groups Creatinine/blood Cross-Sectional Studies Cystatin C/blood Glomerular Filtration Rate HIV Infections/*complications Humans Kidney Failure, Chronic/diagnosis/epidemiology/*etiology Male Middle Aged Prevalence Proteinuria Risk Factors
Estrella MM, Parekh RS, Astor BC, Bolan R, Evans RW, Palella FJ Jr, Jacobson LP (2011). Chronic kidney disease and estimates of kidney function in HIV infection: a cross-sectional study in the multicenter AIDS cohort study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 57(5), 380-6. PMC3159728
Journal Article
Serologic responses to pneumocystis proteins in HIV patients with and without Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2011
1-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21372726
BACKGROUND: Immune responses to Pneumocystis jirovecii are not well understood in HIV infection, but antibody responses to proteins may be useful as a marker of Pneumocystis risk or presence of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PcP). DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort. METHODS: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays of antibodies to recombinant Pneumocystis proteins of major surface glycoprotein fragments (MsgC1, C3, C8, and C9) and of antibody titers to recombinant kexin protein (KEX1) were performed on 3 sequential serum samples up to 18 months before and 3 samples after first AIDS-defining illness from Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study participants and compared between those who had PcP or a non-PcP AIDS-defining illness. RESULTS: Fifty-four participants had PcP and 47 had a non-PcP AIDS-defining illness. IgG levels to MsgC fragments were similar between groups before first AIDS-defining illness, but the PcP group had higher levels of IgG to MsgC9 (median units/mL 50.2 vs. 22.2, P
10.1097/QAI.0b013e3182167516
21372726
PMC3150634
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/blood/immunology Adult Antibodies, Fungal/*blood Biomarkers Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods Fungal Proteins/*immunology HIV Infections/*complications Humans Immunoglobulin G/blood Immunoglobulin M/blood Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology Middle Aged Pneumocystis carinii/*immunology Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/blood/*immunology Risk Factors Serine Endopeptidases/immunology
Gingo MR, Lucht L, Daly KR, Djawe K, Palella FJ, Abraham AG, Bream JH, Witt MD, Kingsley LA, Norris KA, Walzer PD, Morris A (2011). Serologic responses to pneumocystis proteins in HIV patients with and without Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 57(3), 190-6. PMC3150634
Journal Article
Changing predictors of mortality over time from cART start: implications for care
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2011
1-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21876447
OBJECTIVE: To determine predictors of mortality and changes in those predictors over time on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in South Africa. DESIGN: A cohort study. METHODS: Using routine clinic data with up to 4 years follow-up after antiretroviral therapy initiation and with death ascertainment from a national vital statistics register, we used proportional hazards modeling to assess baseline and time-updated predictors of mortality and changes in strength of those predictors over time on cART. Furthermore, we compared CD4 count among individuals who died by duration on cART. RESULTS: Fifteen thousand sixty subjects (64% men, median CD4 count 127 cells/mm(3)) started antiretroviral therapy between January 2003 and January 2008. Over a median follow-up of 1.8 years, 2658 subjects died. The baseline characteristics of WHO stage, hemoglobin, CD4 count, HIV RNA level, and symptoms were all associated with mortality during the first 12 months of cART but lost association therea
10.1097/QAI.0b013e31823219d1
21876447
PMC4009722
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*administration & dosage *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Cohort Studies Female Follow-Up Studies HIV Infections/*diagnosis/drug therapy/*mortality Humans Male Middle Aged Models, Statistical Predictive Value of Tests Prognosis South Africa Time Factors
Hoffmann CJ, Fielding KL, Johnston V, Charalambous S, Innes C, Moore RD, Chaisson RE, Grant AD, Churchyard GJ (2011). Changing predictors of mortality over time from cART start: implications for care. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 58(3), 269-76. PMC4009722
Journal Article
NIHMS477233
Screening low-frequency SNPS from genome-wide association study reveals a new risk allele for progression to AIDS
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2011
1-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21107268
BACKGROUND: Seven genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been published in AIDS, and only associations in the HLA region on chromosome 6 and CXCR6 have passed genome-wide significance. METHODS: We reanalyzed the data from 3 previously published GWAS, targeting specifically low-frequency SNPs (minor allele frequency <5%). Two groups composed of 365 slow progressors and 147 rapid progressors from Europe and the United States were compared with a control group of 1394 seronegative individuals using Eigenstrat corrections. RESULTS: Of the 8584 SNPs with minor allele frequency <5% in cases and controls (Bonferroni threshold = 5.8 x 10(-)(6)), 4 SNPs showed statistical evidence of association with the slow progressor phenotype. The best result was for HCP5 rs2395029 [P = 8.54 x 10(-)(1)(5), odds ratio (OR) = 3.41] in the HLA locus, in partial linkage disequilibrium with 2 additional chromosome 6 associations in C6orf48 (P = 3.03 x 10(-)(1)(0), OR = 2.9) and NOTCH4 (9.08 x 10(-)(0)(7), O
10.1097/QAI.0b013e318204982b
21107268
PMC3386792
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*genetics Adult *Alleles Disease Progression Europe Female GTPase-Activating Proteins/*genetics *Genetic Predisposition to Disease *Genome-Wide Association Study HIV Long-Term Survivors Humans Male Middle Aged *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide United States
Le Clerc S, Coulonges C, Delaneau O, Van Manen D, Herbeck JT, Limou S, An P, Martinson JJ, Spadoni JL, Therwath A, Veldink JH, van den Berg LH, Taing L, Labib T, Mellak S, Montes M, Delfraissy JF, Schächter F, Winkler C, Froguel P, Mullins JI, Schuitemaker H, Zagury JF (2011). Screening low-frequency SNPS from genome-wide association study reveals a new risk allele for progression to AIDS. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 56(3), 279-84. PMC3386792
Journal Article
CD4+ T-cell counts and plasma HIV-1 RNA levels beyond 5 years of highly active antiretroviral therapy
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2011
15-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21602699
BACKGROUND: The heterogeneity of CD4 T-cell counts and HIV-1 RNA at 5-12 years after the initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) remains largely uncharacterized. METHODS: In the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, 614 men who initiated HAART contributed data 5-12 years subsequently. Multivariate regression was used to evaluate the predictors of CD4 counts and HIV-1 RNA levels. RESULTS: At 5 to 12 years post-HAART, the median CD4 T-cell count was 586 (interquartile range, 421-791) cells per microliter and 78% of the HIV-1 RNA measurements were undetectable. Higher CD4 T-cell counts 5-12 years post HAART were predicted by higher CD4 T-cell counts and higher total lymphocyte count pre HAART, lack of hepatitis B or C virus coinfections, and greater CD4 T-cell change and suppressed HIV-1 RNA in the first 5 years after starting HAART. Men who were 50 years and older with 351-500 CD4 cells per microliter at HAART initiation had adjusted mean CD4 T-cell count of 643 cells per mic
10.1097/QAI.0b013e31821e9f21
21602699
PMC3293185
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Drug Administration Schedule HIV Infections/*drug therapy/immunology/virology HIV-1/*genetics/isolation & purification Humans Male Middle Aged RNA, Viral/*blood Time Factors
Li X, Margolick JB, Jamieson BD, Rinaldo CR, Phair JP, Jacobson LP (2011). CD4+ T-cell counts and plasma HIV-1 RNA levels beyond 5 years of highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 57(5), 421-8. PMC3293185
Journal Article
Control of medical comorbidities in individuals with HIV
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2011
15-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22083037
BACKGROUND: With improved combination antiretroviral therapy-related survival, diabetes and hypertension increasingly contribute to morbidity and mortality among individuals with HIV. However, there is limited data on diabetes and blood pressure control in this population. We examined whether virologic control is associated with control of diabetes and hypertension. METHODS: We examined HIV viral load, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and blood pressure measurements from 70 diabetics and 291 hypertensives in the Johns Hopkins HIV Clinical Cohort, an urban, university-based cohort. All patients were treated for HIV and diabetes or hypertension. HbA1c and HIV-1 RNA were captured electronically from laboratory data, and blood pressure was collected electronically from vital signs taken at clinic visits. We used HIV-1 RNA values within 30 days of the HbA1c measurement or blood pressure measurement. The relationships between HIV-1 RNA and HbA1c and HIV-1 RNA and blood pressure were examined using se
10.1097/QAI.0b013e31823801c4
22083037
PMC3225195
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use Blood Pressure Cohort Studies Comorbidity Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology/etiology/*prevention & control Female Glycated Hemoglobin A/metabolism HIV Infections/complications/*drug therapy/epidemiology HIV-1/genetics Humans Hypertension/epidemiology/etiology/*prevention & control Male Middle Aged RNA, Viral/analysis Viral Load
Monroe AK, Chander G, Moore RD (2011). Control of medical comorbidities in individuals with HIV. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 58(5), 458-62. PMC3225195
Journal Article
NIHMS332248
Sex hormones, insulin resistance, and diabetes mellitus among men with or at risk for HIV infection
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2011
10/1/2011
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21705912
OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship of free testosterone (FT) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) with insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus (DM) in HIV disease. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis from 322 HIV-uninfected and 534 HIV-infected men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. METHODS: : The main outcomes were DM and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). DM was defined as fasting serum glucose >/=126 or self-reported DM and use of DM medications. HOMA-IR was calculated from fasting serum glucose and fasting insulin. RESULTS: Compared with HIV-uninfected men in our sample, HIV-infected men were younger, with lower body mass index, and more often black. HIV-infected men had lower FT (P < 0.001) and higher SHBG (P < 0.0001). The adjusted odds ratio for DM was 1.98 (95% confidence interval: 1.04 to 3.78); mean adjusted log HOMA-IR was 0.21 units higher in HIV-infected men (P < 0.0001). Log SHBG, but not log FT, was associated with DM (odds ratio = 0.44, 9
10.1097/QAI.0b013e3182278c09
21705912
PMC3175332
Adult adverse effects AIDS analysis Baltimore blood Blood Glucose Body Mass Index cohort Cohort Studies cohort study complications cross-sectional Cross-Sectional Studies Diabetes Mellitus Disease drug therapy etiology Fasting Hiv HIV infection HIV Infections HIV Protease HIV Protease Inhibitors Homeostasis Hormones Humans infection Insulin Resistance Logistic Models Lopinavir Male metabolism methods Middle Aged model multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Odds Ratio outcome pathogenesis research resistance Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors Risk Ritonavir Role self-reported sera serostatus Serum sex Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin Stavudine study support Testosterone
Monroe AK, Dobs AS, Xu X, Palella FJ, Kingsley LA, Witt MD, Brown TT (2011). Sex hormones, insulin resistance, and diabetes mellitus among men with or at risk for HIV infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 58(2), 173-180. PMC3175332
Journal Article
Systemic and mucosal differences in HIV burden, immune, and therapeutic responses
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2011
15-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21239996
BACKGROUND: Mucosal tissues represent major targets for HIV transmission but differ in susceptibility and reservoir function by unknown mechanisms. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, HIV RNA and infectious virus were compared between oral and genital compartments and blood in HIV-infected women, in association with clinical parameters, copathogens, and putative innate and adaptive HIV inhibitors. RESULTS: HIV RNA was detectable in 24.5% of women from all 3 compartments, whereas 45% had RNA in only 1 or 2 sites. By comparison, infectious HIV, present in blood of the majority, was rare in mucosal sites. Innate mediators, secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor and thrombospondin, were highest in mucosae. Highly active antiretroviral therapy was associated with an 80% decreased probability of shedding. Multivariate logistic regression models revealed that mucosal HIV RNA was associated with higher plasma RNA, infectious virus, and total mucosal IgA, but not IgG. There was a 37-fold incre
10.1097/QAI.0b013e31820cdfdb
21239996
PMC3164950
Adaptive Immunity Adult Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use Cross-Sectional Studies Female Genitalia, Female/immunology HIV Antibodies/analysis/blood HIV Infections/drug therapy/*immunology/virology HIV-1/genetics/*isolation & purification Humans Immunity, Innate *Immunity, Mucosal Immunoglobulin A, Secretory/analysis/blood Immunoglobulin G/analysis/blood Middle Aged Mouth Mucosa/immunology/virology Mucous Membrane/*immunology/virology *RNA, Viral/analysis/blood Saliva/immunology Treatment Outcome Viral Load *Virus Shedding Young Adult
Wahl SM, Redford M, Christensen S, Mack W, Cohn J, Janoff EN, Mestecky J, Jenson HB, Navazesh M, Cohen M, Reichelderfer P, Kovacs A; DATRI 009 Study Group (2011). Systemic and mucosal differences in HIV burden, immune, and therapeutic responses. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 56(5), 401-11. PMC3164950
Journal Article
The impact of the AIDS Drug Assistance Program (ADAP) on use of highly active antiretroviral and antihypertensive therapy among HIV-infected women
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2011
1-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21239994
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the association between enrollment into an AIDS Drug Assistance Program (ADAP) and use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and antihypertensive therapy. METHODS: Cross-sectional analyses of data were performed on HAART-eligible women enrolled in the California (n = 439), Illinois (n = 168), and New York (n = 487) Women's Interagency HIV Study sites. A subset of HIV-infected women with hypertension (n = 395) was also analyzed. Unadjusted and adjusted backward stepwise elimination logistic regression measured the association between demographic, behavioral, and health service factors and nonuse of HAART or antihypertensive medication. RESULTS: In adjusted analysis of HAART nonuse, women without ADAP were significantly more likely not to use HAART (odds ratio [OR], 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5-3.7) than women with ADAP. In adjusted analysis of antihypertensive medication nonuse, women without ADAP had an increased but not significant odds of a
10.1097/QAI.0b013e31820a9d04
21239994
PMC3042745
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use Antihypertensive Agents/*therapeutic use Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*methods California Female HIV Infections/*complications/*drug therapy Humans Hypertension/*drug therapy Illinois Medication Adherence/*statistics & numerical data Middle Aged New York
Yi T, Cocohoba J, Cohen M, Anastos K, DeHovitz JA, Kono N, Hanna DB, Hessol NA (2011). The impact of the AIDS Drug Assistance Program (ADAP) on use of highly active antiretroviral and antihypertensive therapy among HIV-infected women. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 56(3), 253-62. PMC3042745
Journal Article
Highly conserved structural properties of the C-terminal tail of HIV-1 gp41 protein despite substantial sequence variation among diverse clades: implications for functions in viral replication
J Biol Chem
2011
5-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21659530
Although the HIV-1 Env gp120 and gp41 ectodomain have been extensively characterized in terms of structure and function, similar characterizations of the C-terminal tail (CTT) of HIV gp41 remain relatively limited and contradictory. The current study was designed to examine in detail CTT sequence conservation relative to gp120 and the gp41 ectodomain and to examine the conservation of predicted physicochemical and structural properties across a number of divergent HIV clades and groups. Results demonstrate that CTT sequences display intermediate levels of sequence evolution and diversity in comparison to the more diverse gp120 and the more conserved gp41 ectodomain. Despite the relatively high level of CTT sequence variation, the physicochemical properties of the lentivirus lytic peptide domains (LLPs) within the CTT are evidently highly conserved across clades/groups. Additionally, predictions using PEP-FOLD indicate a high level of structural similarity in the LLP regions that was co
10.1074/jbc.M111.258855
21659530
PMC3149309
Amino Acid Sequence Circular Dichroism *Conserved Sequence HIV Envelope Protein gp41/chemistry/*physiology HIV-1/classification/*physiology Molecular Sequence Data Phylogeny Protein Structure, Secondary Sequence Homology, Amino Acid Virus Replication/*physiology
Steckbeck JD, Craigo JK, Barnes CO, Montelaro RC (2011). Highly conserved structural properties of the C-terminal tail of HIV-1 gp41 protein despite substantial sequence variation among diverse clades: implications for functions in viral replication. J Biol Chem, 286(31), 27156-66. PMC3149309
Journal Article
Relationship of ethnicity, age, education, and reading level to speed and executive function among HIV+ and HIV- women: the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) Neurocognitive Substudy
J Clin Exp Neuropsychol
2011
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21950512
Use of neuropsychological tests to identify HIV-associated neurocognitive dysfunction must involve normative standards that are well suited to the population of interest. Norms should be based on a population of HIV-uninfected individuals as closely matched to the HIV-infected group as possible and must include examination of the potential effects of demographic factors on test performance. This is the first study to determine the normal range of scores on measures of psychomotor speed and executive function among a large group of ethnically and educationally diverse HIV-uninfected, high-risk women, as well as their HIV-infected counterparts. Participants (n = 1,653) were administered the Trail Making Test Parts A and B (Trails A and Trails B), the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), and the Wide Range Achievement Test-3 (WRAT-3). Among HIV-uninfected women, race/ethnicity accounted for almost 5% of the variance in cognitive test performance. The proportions ofvariance in cognitive te
10.1080/13803395.2010.547662
21950512
PMC3383771
Adult *Aging Analysis of Variance Cognition Disorders/*complications *Educational Status Ethnic Groups Executive Function/*physiology Female *HIV Infections/complications/ethnology/psychology Health Surveys Humans Middle Aged Neuropsychological Tests Predictive Value of Tests Prospective Studies *Reading Retrospective Studies Young Adult
Manly JJ, Smith C, Crystal HA, Richardson J, Golub ET, Greenblatt R, Robison E, Martin EM, Young M. (2011). Relationship of ethnicity, age, education, and reading level to speed and executive function among HIV+ and HIV- women: the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) Neurocognitive Substudy. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol, 33(8), 853-63. PMC3383771
Journal Article
A frailty-related phenotype before HAART initiation as an independent risk factor for AIDS or death after HAART among HIV-infected men
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci
2011
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21719610
BACKGROUND: In the general population, frailty, a late stage of the aging process, predicts mortality. We investigated whether manifesting a previously defined frailty-related phenotype (FRP) before initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) affects the likelihood of developing clinical AIDS or mortality after HAART initiation. METHODS: Among 596 HIV-infected men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study whose date of HAART initiation was known within +/-6 months and who had an assessable FRP status within 3 years before HAART, survival analyses were performed to assess the effect of FRP manifestation on clinical AIDS or death after HAART. RESULTS: In men free of AIDS before HAART, AIDS or death after HAART occurred in 13/36 (36%) men who exhibited the FRP before HAART but only in 69/436 (16%) men who did not (hazard ratio = 2.6; 95% confidence interval = 1.4-4.6; p < .01). After adjusting for age, ethnicity, education, nadir CD4+ T-cell count, peak HIV viral load, and hemoglob
10.1093/gerona/glr097
21719610
PMC3156632
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*etiology Aged Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active CD4 Lymphocyte Count *Frail Elderly HIV Infections/*drug therapy/mortality Humans Male Phenotype Risk Factors
Desquilbet L, Jacobson LP, Fried LP, Phair JP, Jamieson BD, Holloway M, Margolick JB (2011). A frailty-related phenotype before HAART initiation as an independent risk factor for AIDS or death after HAART among HIV-infected men. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 66(9), 1030-8. PMC3156632
Journal Article
Multiplex measurement of proinflammatory cytokines in human serum: comparison of the Meso Scale Discovery electrochemiluminescence assay and the Cytometric Bead Array
J Immunol Methods
2011
30-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21781970
Serum cytokine profiling is a powerful tool to link host immune defense with disease pathogenesis. Although several multiplex assays are commercially available, none has been rigorously validated in the context of chronic infectious disease (such as HIV infection). Here we compared the measurement of proinflammatory cytokines by two multiplex platforms: the Meso Scale Discovery (MSD) electrochemiluminescence assay and the Becton Dickinson Cytometric Bead Array (CBA) flow cytometric assay, using serum samples from HIV-infected and -uninfected donors. We evaluated the ability of these assays to: a) quantify circulating levels of native cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-alpha, IL-12p70, IL-1beta), and b) accurately recover known amounts of recombinant cytokines added to serum samples. Based on the standard curves, the sensitivity of the MSD system was only slightly better than the CBA. However, in serum the MSD platform consistently quantified levels of endogenous IL-12p70, TNF-alpha, and
10.1016/j.jim.2011.06.033
21781970
PMC3170504
Adult Aged Cytokines/*blood Flow Cytometry/*methods/standards HIV/*immunology HIV Infections/blood/*immunology Humans Limit of Detection Luminescent Measurements/*methods/standards Male Middle Aged Reproducibility of Results Sensitivity and Specificity Statistics, Nonparametric
Dabitao D, Margolick JB, Lopez J, Bream JH (2011). Multiplex measurement of proinflammatory cytokines in human serum: comparison of the Meso Scale Discovery electrochemiluminescence assay and the Cytometric Bead Array. J Immunol Methods, 372(2-Jan), 71-7. PMC3170504
Journal Article
Possession of HLA class II DRB1*1303 associates with reduced viral loads in chronic HIV-1 clade C and B infection
J Infect Dis
2011
15-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21257739
BACKGROUND: The HLA class II molecules play a central role in the generation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific CD4(+) T-helper cells, which are critical for the induction of cytotoxic CD8(+) T cell responses. However, little is known about the impact of HLA class II alleles on HIV disease progression. METHODS: In this study we investigated the effect of HLA class II alleles on HIV disease outcome and HIV-specific T cell responses in a cohort of 426 antiretroviral therapy-naive, HIV-1 clade C-infected, predominantly female black South Africans. RESULTS: The HLA class II allele DRB1*1303 was independently associated with lower plasma viral loads in this population (P = .02), an association that was confirmed in a second cohort of 1436 untreated, HIV-1 clade B-infected, male European Americans, suggesting that DRB1*1303-mediated protection is independent of ethnicity, sex, and viral clade. Interestingly, DRB1*1303 carriage was not associated with an increased frequency of int
10.1093/infdis/jiq122
21257739
PMC3071131
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology Cohort Studies Cytokines/blood Female Gene Frequency Genotype HIV Infections/blood/*genetics/*immunology *HIV-1/classification/genetics/immunology HLA-DR Antigens/*genetics HLA-DRB1 Chains Humans Male Proportional Hazards Models South Africa Treatment Outcome *Viral Load
Julg B, Moodley ES, Qi Y, Ramduth D, Reddy S, Mncube Z, Gao X, Goulder PJ, Detels R, Ndung'u T, Walker BD, Carrington M (2011). Possession of HLA class II DRB1*1303 associates with reduced viral loads in chronic HIV-1 clade C and B infection. J Infect Dis, 203(6), 803-9. PMC3071131
Journal Article
T cell activation and senescence predict subclinical carotid artery disease in HIV-infected women
J Infect Dis
2011
15-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21220772
BACKGROUND: Individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have increased risk of cardiovascular events. It is unknown whether T cell activation and senescence, 2 immunologic sequelae of HIV infection, are associated with vascular disease among HIV-infected adults. METHODS: T cell phenotyping and carotid ultrasound were assessed among 115 HIV-infected women and 43 age- and race/ethnicity-matched HIV-uninfected controls participating in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Multivariate analyses were used to assess the association of T cell activation (CD38(+)HLA-DR(+)) and senescence (CD28(-)CD57(+)) with subclinical carotid artery disease. RESULTS: Compared with HIV-uninfected women, frequencies of CD4(+)CD38(+)HLA-DR(+), CD8(+)CD38(+)HLA-DR(+), and CD8(+)CD28(-)CD57(+) T cells were higher among HIV-infected women, including those who achieved viral suppression while receiving antiretroviral treatment. Among HIV-infected women, adjusted for age, antiretroviral medications,
10.1093/infdis/jiq071
21220772
PMC3071219
ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1/analysis Adult Asymptomatic Diseases/*epidemiology CD28 Antigens/analysis CD57 Antigens/analysis Carotid Arteries/diagnostic imaging/pathology Carotid Artery Diseases/diagnosis/*epidemiology Female Fetal Proteins HIV Infections/*complications/*immunology HLA-DR Antigens/analysis Humans Lymphocyte Subsets/chemistry/*immunology Middle Aged T-Box Domain Proteins T-Lymphocytes/chemistry/*immunology Ultrasonography
Kaplan RC, Sinclair E, Landay AL, Lurain N, Sharrett AR, Gange SJ, Xue X, Hunt P, Karim R, Kern DM, Hodis HN, Deeks SG (2011). T cell activation and senescence predict subclinical carotid artery disease in HIV-infected women. J Infect Dis, 203(4), 452-63. PMC3071219
Journal Article
The relation of HLA genotype to hepatitis C viral load and markers of liver fibrosis in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women
J Infect Dis
2011
15-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21606539
BACKGROUND: Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and II genotype is associated with clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, but little is known regarding its relation with HCV viral load or risk of liver disease in patients with persistent HCV infection. METHODS: High-resolution HLA class I and II genotyping was conducted in a prospective cohort of 519 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive and 100 HIV-seronegative women with persistent HCV infection. The end points were baseline HCV viral load and 2 noninvasive indexes of liver disease, fibrosis-4 (FIB-4), and the aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI), measured at baseline and prospectively. RESULTS: DQB1*0301 was associated with low baseline HCV load (beta = -.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], -.6 to -.3; P < .00001), as well as with low odds of FIB-4-defined (odds ratio [OR], .5; 95% CI, .2-.9; P = .02) and APRI-defined liver fibrosis (OR, .5; 95% CI, .3-1.0; P = .06) at baseline and/or during fo
10.1093/infdis/jir192
21606539
PMC3100515
Adult Alanine Transaminase/blood Alleles Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood Cohort Studies Female Genotype HIV Infections/*complications HLA Antigens/*genetics HLA-DQ Antigens/genetics Hepacivirus/*pathogenicity Hepatitis C, Chronic/complications/*virology Humans Liver Cirrhosis/blood/*genetics/virology Logistic Models Platelet Count Prospective Studies United States Viral Load/*genetics
Kuniholm MH, Gao X, Xue X, Kovacs A, Marti D, Thio CL, Peters MG, Greenblatt RM, Goedert JJ, Cohen MH, Minkoff H, Gange SJ, Anastos K, Fazzari M, Young MA, Strickler HD, Carrington M (2011). The relation of HLA genotype to hepatitis C viral load and markers of liver fibrosis in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women. J Infect Dis, 203(12), 1807-14. PMC3100515
Journal Article
Risk factors for tuberculosis after highly active antiretroviral therapy initiation in the United States and Canada: implications for tuberculosis screening
J Infect Dis
2011
15-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21849286
BACKGROUND: Screening for tuberculosis prior to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) initiation is not routinely performed in low-incidence settings. Identifying factors associated with developing tuberculosis after HAART initiation could focus screening efforts. METHODS: Sixteen cohorts in the United States and Canada contributed data on persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who initiated HAART December 1995-August 2009. Parametric survival models identified factors associated with tuberculosis occurrence. RESULTS: Of 37845 persons in the study, 145 were diagnosed with tuberculosis after HAART initiation. Tuberculosis risk was highest in the first 3 months of HAART (20 cases; 215 cases per 100000 person-years; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 131-333 per 100000 person-years). In a multivariate Weibull proportional hazards model, baseline CD4+ lymphocyte count <200, black race, other nonwhite race, Hispanic ethnicity, and history of injection drug use were indep
10.1093/infdis/jir421
21849286
PMC3156918
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*administration & dosage Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*methods Canada/epidemiology Female HIV Infections/*complications/*drug therapy/virology HIV-1/isolation & purification Humans Male Middle Aged Risk Factors Tuberculosis/diagnosis/*epidemiology United States/epidemiology
Sterling TR, Lau B, Zhang J, Freeman A, Bosch RJ, Brooks JT, Deeks SG, French A, Gange S, Gebo KA, John Gill M, Horberg MA, Jacobson LP, Kirk GD, Kitahata MM, Klein MB, Martin JN, Rodriguez B, Silverberg MJ, Willig JH, Eron JJ, Goedert JJ, Hogg RS, Justice AC, McKaig RG, Napravnik S, Thorne J, Moore RD; North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD) of the International Epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) (2011). Risk factors for tuberculosis after highly active antiretroviral therapy initiation in the United States and Canada: implications for tuberculosis screening. J Infect Dis, 204(6), 893-901. PMC3156918
Journal Article
Genome-wide association study implicates PARD3B-based AIDS restriction
J Infect Dis
2011
15-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21502085
BACKGROUND: Host genetic variation influences human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and progression to AIDS. Here we used clinically well-characterized subjects from 5 pretreatment HIV/AIDS cohorts for a genome-wide association study to identify gene associations with rate of AIDS progression. METHODS: European American HIV seroconverters (n = 755) were interrogated for single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (n = 700,022) associated with progression to AIDS 1987 (Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, co-dominant model). RESULTS: Association with slower progression was observed for SNPs in the gene PARD3B. One of these, rs11884476, reached genome-wide significance (relative hazard = 0.3; P =3. 370 x 10(-9)) after statistical correction for 700,022 SNPs and contributes 4.52% of the overall variance in AIDS progression in this study. Nine of the top-ranked SNPs define a PARD3B haplotype that also displays significant association with progression to AIDS (hazard ratio, 0.3;
10.1093/infdis/jir046
21502085
PMC3080910
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*metabolism/pathology Carrier Proteins/*genetics/*metabolism Chromosome Mapping Disease Progression Gene Expression Regulation/*immunology Genome, Human Humans Membrane Proteins/*genetics/*metabolism *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Troyer JL, Nelson GW, Lautenberger JA, Chinn L, McIntosh C, Johnson RC, Sezgin E, Kessing B, Malasky M, Hendrickson SL, Li G, Pontius J, Tang M, An P, Winkler CA, Limou S, Le Clerc S, Delaneau O, Zagury JF, Schuitemaker H, van Manen D, Bream JH, Gomperts ED, Buchbinder S, Goedert JJ, Kirk GD, O'Brien SJ (2011). Genome-wide association study implicates PARD3B-based AIDS restriction. J Infect Dis, 203(10), 1491-502. PMC3080910
Journal Article
Effect of stress and depression on the frequency of squamous intraepithelial lesions
J Low Genit Tract Dis
2011
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21192176
OBJECTIVE: To explore the previously reported associations between cervical squamous lesions and psychologic measures of stress and depression. METHODS: In a multicenter cohort study, women with HIV and HIV-seronegative women had Pap tests and completed self-report questionnaires including the Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS), which measures perceived stress, the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C), which measures symptoms of PTSD, and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale, which measures depressive symptoms. RESULTS: Median scores were 13 (range = 0-38) for the PSS, 24 (range = 17-85) for the PCL-C, and 8 (range = 0-57) for the CES-D, indicating moderate stress and minimal depression. For PSS, compared with women in the lowest tertile of reported stress, the odds ratios (ORs) for squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) were 0.88 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.50-1.54) for women in the middle tertile and 0.96 (95% CI = 0.54-1
10.1097/LGT.0b013e3181e66a82
21192176
PMC3084664
Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/*epidemiology Cohort Studies Depression/*complications Female Humans Middle Aged Precancerous Conditions/*epidemiology Prevalence Stress, Psychological/*complications Surveys and Questionnaires Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/*epidemiology Vaginal Smears
Massad LS, Agniel D, Minkoff H, Watts DH, D'Souza G, Levine AM, Darragh TM, Young M, Cajigas A, Weber K (2011). Effect of stress and depression on the frequency of squamous intraepithelial lesions. J Low Genit Tract Dis, 15(1), 42-7. PMC3084664
Journal Article
Associations of cardiovascular variables and HAART with cognition in middle-aged HIV-infected and uninfected women
J Neurovirol
2011
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22006469
Despite the use of highly active anti-retroviral treatment (HAART), cognitive impairment remains prevalent in HIV. Indeed a recent study suggested that in certain instances, stopping HAART was associated with improved cognitive function (Robertson et al. Neurology 74(16):1260-1266 2010). HAART is occasionally associated with cardiovascular pathology and such pathology may be associated with cognitive impairment. To explore these associations, we assessed the relative contributions of cardiovascular variables such as hypertension and atherosclerosis, of HIV and HAART to cognition. The participants were members of the Women's Interagency HIV Study. In the analysis of cross-sectional data using general linear models, we assessed the relationship between each cardiovascular variable and Stroop interference time and symbol digit modalities test while adjusting for age, HIV, education, depression, and race/ethnicity. We also analyzed the association of summary measures of HAART use with cogn
10.1007/s13365-011-0052-3
22006469
PMC3509940
Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*methods Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena/*drug effects Carotid Arteries/pathology Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Cognition/*drug effects Cohort Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Female HIV Infections/complications/*drug therapy Humans Hypertension/complications Linear Models Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis Risk Factors
Crystal HA, Weedon J, Holman S, Manly J, Valcour V, Cohen M, Anastos K, Liu C, Mack WJ, Golub E, Lazar J, Ho A, Kreek MJ, Kaplan RC (2011). Associations of cardiovascular variables and HAART with cognition in middle-aged HIV-infected and uninfected women. J Neurovirol, 17(5), 469-76. PMC3509940
Journal Article
Platelet decline as a predictor of brain injury in HIV infection
J Neurovirol
2011
Oct-11
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21956288
An association between platelet decline and increased risk of progression to dementia has been observed in an advanced HIV infection cohort study. This investigation evaluated the prognostic significance of platelet decline for dementia, for psychomotor slowing, and for brain injury, as quantified in vivo, in a much larger population of HIV+ men. Platelet counts and neurocognitive data were available from biannual visits of 2,125 HIV+ men participating in the prospective, Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study from 1984 to 2009. Brain volumetric data were also available from an imaging substudy of 83 seropositive participants aged 50 and older. The association of platelet counts with neurocognitive outcome was assessed using Cox proportional hazard models where change in platelet count from baseline was a time-updated variable. Marked platelet decline was associated with increased risk of dementia in univariate analysis (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.8-3.5), but not
10.1007/s13365-011-0053-2
21956288
PMC3472427
age Aged AIDS alcohol alcohol use analysis Brain CD4 Cell Count change Chicago cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Dementia Disease Education Hiv HIV infection infection model multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study outcome Platelet Count population predictor progression psychomotor slowing Risk seropositive Smoking study support Viral Load
Ragin AB, D'Souza G, Reynolds S, Miller E, Sacktor N, Selnes OA, Martin E, Visscher BR, Becker JT (2011). Platelet decline as a predictor of brain injury in HIV infection. J Neurovirol, 17(5), 487-495. PMC3472427
Journal Article
Assessment of pre-diagnosis biomarkers of immune activation and inflammation: insights on the etiology of lymphoma
J Proteome Res
2011
7-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20886858
The DNA-modifying processes that are involved in B lymphocyte activation, somatic hypermutation (SHM), and IgH class switch recombination (CSR) have the potential to lead to genetic errors that lead to the genesis of B cell cancers, such as lymphoma. Given the potential contribution of these immune mechanisms to the development of cancer, assessment of the expression of cytokines, and other immune stimulatory molecules that drive B cell activation, prior to lymphoma diagnosis, may provide insights into the etiology of these cancers. Here, we review studies that have examined prediagnosis protein biomarkers for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), both AIDS-related NHL, as well as NHL seen in immunocompetent populations. Overall, these studies provide support for the notion that B cell hyper-activation is elevated preceding the appearance of AIDS-NHL, particularly those forms of AIDS-NHL that are not driven by EBV infection and that presumably arise from errors in IgH CSR and SHM. In more limite
10.1021/pr100729z
20886858
PMC3017655
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications *Biomarkers Humans *Inflammation *Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/complications/diagnosis/immunology
Vendrame E, Martínez-Maza O (2011). Assessment of pre-diagnosis biomarkers of immune activation and inflammation: insights on the etiology of lymphoma. J Proteome Res, 10(1), 113-9. PMC3017655
Journal Article
Human leukocyte antigen genotype and risk of HIV disease progression before and after initiation of antiretroviral therapy
J Virol
2011
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21849458
While the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotype has been associated with the rate of HIV disease progression in untreated patients, little is known regarding these relationships in patients using highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The limited data reported to date identified few HLA-HIV disease associations in patients using HAART and even occasional associations that were opposite of those found in untreated patients. We conducted high-resolution HLA class I and II genotyping in a random sample (n = 860) of HIV-seropositive women enrolled in a long-term cohort initiated in 1994. HLA-HIV disease associations before and after initiation of HAART were examined using multivariate analyses. In untreated HIV-seropositive patients, we observed many of the predicted associations, consistent with prior studies. For example, HLA-B*57 (beta = -0.7; 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.9 to -0.5; P = 5 x 10(-)(1)(1)) and Bw4 (beta = -0.2; 95% CI = -0.4 to -0.1; P = 0.009) were inversely
10.1128/JVI.00804-11
21849458
PMC3187522
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*administration & dosage *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active CD4 Lymphocyte Count Disease Progression Female Genotype HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*genetics HLA Antigens/*genetics Humans Viral Load
Kuniholm MH, Gao X, Xue X, Kovacs A, Anastos K, Marti D, Greenblatt RM, Cohen MH, Minkoff H, Gange SJ, Fazzari M, Young MA, Strickler HD, Carrington M (2011). Human leukocyte antigen genotype and risk of HIV disease progression before and after initiation of antiretroviral therapy. J Virol, 85(20), 10826-33. PMC3187522
Journal Article
An optimized sensitive method for quantitation of DNA/RNA viruses in heparinized and cryopreserved plasma
J Virol Methods
2011
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21645549
Sodium heparin, an anticoagulant used widely for blood collection, has been known to inhibit DNA polymerase activity in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. However, all cryopreserved plasma samples collected in the 1980s and early 1990s at the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study were from heparin-treated blood, which poses a problem in quantifying the target nucleic acids contained in those samples by PCR assay. In this study, a nucleic acid extraction procedure was optimized to remove the heparin from extracted nucleic acids. Using this optimized method, similar human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) loads of these viruses that were added to normal donor blood from ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), acid citrate dextrose (ACD) or sodium heparin tubes were detected by reverse transcriptase (RT) real-time PCR and real-time PCR. Comparable HIV-1 and CMV loads were also detected in the blood of persons with active HIV-1 and CMV infections collected in EDTA-, A
10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.05.012
21645549
PMC3143304
Cryopreservation/*methods Cytomegalovirus/genetics/isolation & purification/physiology Cytomegalovirus Infections/virology DNA Viruses/genetics/*isolation & purification DNA, Viral/blood/isolation & purification HIV Infections/virology HIV-1/genetics/isolation & purification/physiology *Heparin Humans Plasma/chemistry/*virology RNA Viruses/genetics/*isolation & purification/physiology RNA, Viral/blood/isolation & purification Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods Sensitivity and Specificity Viral Load
Ding M, Bullotta A, Caruso L, Gupta P, Rinaldo CR, Chen Y (2011). An optimized sensitive method for quantitation of DNA/RNA viruses in heparinized and cryopreserved plasma. J Virol Methods, 176(2-Jan), 8-Jan. PMC3143304
Journal Article
The association of HIV status with bacterial vaginosis and vitamin D in the United States
J Womens Health (Larchmt)
2011
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21875343
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the association between vitamin D deficiency and bacterial vaginosis (BV) among nonpregnant HIV-infected and uninfected women. METHODS: In a substudy of the Women's Interagency HIV Study, including women from Chicago and New York, the association between BV and vitamin D deficiency, demographics, and disease characteristics was tested using generalized estimating equations. Deficiency was defined as <20 ng/mL 25 (OH) vitamin D and insufficiency as >20 and </=30 ng/mL. BV was defined by the Amsel criteria. RESULTS: Among 602 observations of nonpregnant women (480 HIV infected and 122 uninfected), BV was found in 19%. Vitamin D deficiency was found in 59.4%, and insufficiency was found in 24.4%. In multivariable analysis, black race was the most significant predictor of BV (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 5.90, (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.52-13.8). Vitamin D deficiency was independently associated with BV among HIV-infected women (AOR 3.12, 95% CI 1.16-8.38) but not
10.1089/jwh.2010.2685
21875343
PMC3233211
Female *HIV Seropositivity/epidemiology Health Behavior Humans United States/epidemiology Urban Population Vaginosis, Bacterial/epidemiology/*etiology Vitamin D Deficiency/blood/*complications/epidemiology
French AL, Adeyemi OM, Agniel DM, Evans CT, Yin MT, Anastos K, Cohen MH (2011). The association of HIV status with bacterial vaginosis and vitamin D in the United States. J Womens Health (Larchmt), 20(10), 1497-503. PMC3233211
Journal Article
Perinatal depressive symptoms in HIV-infected versus HIV-uninfected women: a prospective study from preconception to postpartum
J Womens Health (Larchmt)
2011
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21732738
OBJECTIVE: Depression is common among HIV-infected women, predicts treatment nonadherence, and consequently may impact vertical transmission of HIV. We report findings from a study evaluating preconception, pregnancy, and postpartum depressive symptoms in HIV-infected vs. at-risk, HIV-uninfected women. METHODS: We examined the prevalence and predictors of elevated perinatal (i.e., pregnancy and/or postpartum) depressive symptoms using a Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale score of >/=16 in 139 HIV-infected and 105 HIV-uninfected women (62% African American) from the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). RESULTS: The prevalence of elevated perinatal depressive symptoms did not differ by HIV serostatus (HIV-infected 44%, HIV-uninfected 50%, p=0.44). Among HIV-infected women, the strongest predictor of elevated symptoms was preconception depression (odds ratio [OR] 5.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.67-12.19, p<0.001); crack, cocaine, and/or heroin use during pre
10.1089/jwh.2010.2485
21732738
PMC3168970
Adult Depression/*epidemiology Depression, Postpartum/*epidemiology Educational Status Female HIV Infections/*epidemiology Humans Longitudinal Studies Mental Health Services/statistics & numerical data Pregnancy Prevalence Prospective Studies Risk Factors Sexual Partners Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology United States/epidemiology
Rubin LH, Cook JA, Grey DD, Weber K, Wells C, Golub ET, Wright RL, Schwartz RM, Goparaju L, Cohan D, Wilson ML, Maki PM (2011). Perinatal depressive symptoms in HIV-infected versus HIV-uninfected women: a prospective study from preconception to postpartum. J Womens Health (Larchmt), 20(9), 1287-95. PMC3168970
Journal Article
Universal GFR determination based on two time points during plasma iohexol disappearance
Kidney Int
2011
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21654718
An optimal measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) should minimize the number of blood draws, and reduce procedural invasiveness and the burden to study personnel and cost, without sacrificing accuracy. Equations have been proposed to calculate GFR from the slow compartment separately for adults and children. To develop a universal equation, we used 1347 GFR measurements from two diverse groups consisting of 527 men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and 514 children in the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children cohort. Both studies used nearly identical two-compartment (fast and slow) protocols to measure GFR. To estimate the fast component from markers of body size and of the slow component, we used standard linear regression methods with the log-transformed fast area as the dependent variable. The fast area could be accurately estimated from body surface area by a simple parameter (6.4/body surface area) with no residual dependence on the slow area or other markers of body siz
10.1038/ki.2011.155
21654718
PMC3146568
Adolescent Age Factors Body Size Body Surface Area Canada Child *Contrast Media/pharmacokinetics Female *Glomerular Filtration Rate Humans *Iohexol/pharmacokinetics Kidney/*physiopathology Kidney Diseases/blood/*diagnosis/physiopathology Linear Models Male Middle Aged Models, Biological Predictive Value of Tests Prospective Studies United States
Ng DK, Schwartz GJ, Jacobson LP, Palella FJ, Margolick JB, Warady BA, Furth SL, Muñoz A (2011). Universal GFR determination based on two time points during plasma iohexol disappearance. Kidney Int, 80(4), 423-30. PMC3146568
Journal Article
Differential microRNA regulation of HLA-C expression and its association with HIV control
Nature
2011
28-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21499264
The HLA-C locus is distinct relative to the other classical HLA class I loci in that it has relatively limited polymorphism, lower expression on the cell surface, and more extensive ligand-receptor interactions with killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) 35 kb upstream of HLA-C (rs9264942; termed -35) associates with control of HIV, and with levels of HLA-C messenger RNA transcripts and cell-surface expression, but the mechanism underlying its varied expression is unknown. We proposed that the -35 SNP is not the causal variant for differential HLA-C expression, but rather is marking another polymorphism that directly affects levels of HLA-C. Here we show that variation within the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of HLA-C regulates binding of the microRNA hsa-miR-148 to its target site, resulting in relatively low surface expression of alleles that bind this microRNA and high expression of HLA-C alleles that escape post-transcriptional regulation.
10.1038/nature09914
21499264
PMC3084326
3' Untranslated Regions/genetics Alleles Base Sequence Cell Line *Gene Expression Regulation/genetics/immunology Genes, Reporter/genetics HIV/*immunology HIV Infections/*genetics/*immunology/therapy HLA-C Antigens/*genetics Humans MicroRNAs/*genetics Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics Viral Load
Kulkarni S, Savan R, Qi Y, Gao X, Yuki Y, Bass SE, Martin MP, Hunt P, Deeks SG, Telenti A, Pereyra F, Goldstein D, Wolinsky S, Walker B, Young HA, Carrington M (2011). Differential microRNA regulation of HLA-C expression and its association with HIV control. Nature, 472(7344), 495-8. PMC3084326
Journal Article
Genital warts and vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: natural history and effects of treatment and human immunodeficiency virus infection
Obstet Gynecol
2011
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21934446
OBJECTIVE: To describe the natural history of genital warts and vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) in women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). METHODS: A cohort of 2,791 HIV-infected and 953 uninfected women followed for up to 13 years had genital examinations at 6-month intervals with biopsy for lesions suspicious for VIN. RESULTS: The prevalence of warts was 4.4% (5.3% for HIV-seropositive women and 1.9% for HIV-seronegative women, P<.001). The cumulative incidence of warts was 33% (95% confidence interval [CI] 30-36%) in HIV-seropositive and 9% (95% CI 6-12%) in HIV-seronegative women (P<.001). In multivariable analysis, lower CD4 lymphocyte count, younger age, and current smoking were strongly associated with risk for incident warts. Among 501 HIV-seropositive and 43 HIV-seronegative women, warts regressed in 410 (82%) seropositive and 41 (95%) seronegative women (P=.02), most in the first year after diagnosis. In multivariable analysis, regression was negatively associat
10.1097/AOG.0b013e31821a0f4d
21934446
PMC3178036
Adult CD4 Lymphocyte Count/statistics & numerical data Cohort Studies Condylomata Acuminata/*epidemiology/*therapy Female HIV Infections/*epidemiology Humans Incidence Middle Aged Prevalence Risk Smoking/epidemiology Vulvar Neoplasms/*epidemiology/*therapy
Massad LS, Xie X, Darragh T, Minkoff H, Levine AM, Watts DH, Wright RL, D'Souza G, Colie C, Strickler HD; Women's Interagency HIV Study Collaborative Study Group (2011). Genital warts and vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: natural history and effects of treatment and human immunodeficiency virus infection. Obstet Gynecol, 118(4), 831-9. PMC3178036
Journal Article
The mediating role of pain in substance use and depressive symptoms among Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) participants
Pain
2011
Dec-11
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21962911
Pain in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) frequently co-occurs with substance use and depression. The complex associations among patient characteristics, pain, depression, and drug use in HIV suggests a role for testing models that can account for relationships simultaneously, control for HIV status, and also test for mediation. Using structural equation modeling, the current study examined associations among pain, sociodemographics, illicit drug use, and depressive symptoms in 921 HIV-seropositive and 1019 HIV-seronegative men from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, an ongoing prospective study of the natural history of HIV infection among gay/bisexual men. Longitudinal repeated measures data collected over a 6-year period were analyzed using predictive path models in which sociodemographics, HIV status, and CD4+ cell counts predicted pain, which, in turn, predicted depressive symptoms and illicit drug use. The path models did not differ substantially between HIV-seropositive and -se
10.1016/j.pain.2011.08.024
21962911
PMC3215839
AIDS CD4+ Cell Count characteristics cohort Cohort Studies cohort study control Depression drug use history Hiv HIV infection Human human immunodeficiency virus illicit drug use immunodeficiency infection longitudinal Los Angeles MACS management model multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study natural history Pain predictor Prospective Studies research Risk Role seronegative study substance use support symptoms testing virus
Tsao JCI, Stein JA, Ostrow D, Stall RD, Plankey MW (2011). The mediating role of pain in substance use and depressive symptoms among Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) participants. Pain, 152(12), 2757-2764. PMC3215839
Journal Article
Copy number variation of KIR genes influences HIV-1 control
PLoS Biol
2011
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22140359
A genome-wide screen for large structural variants showed that a copy number variant (CNV) in the region encoding killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) associates with HIV-1 control as measured by plasma viral load at set point in individuals of European ancestry. This CNV encompasses the KIR3DL1-KIR3DS1 locus, encoding receptors that interact with specific HLA-Bw4 molecules to regulate the activation of lymphocyte subsets including natural killer (NK) cells. We quantified the number of copies of KIR3DS1 and KIR3DL1 in a large HIV-1 positive cohort, and showed that an increase in KIR3DS1 count associates with a lower viral set point if its putative ligand is present (p = 0.00028), as does an increase in KIR3DL1 count in the presence of KIR3DS1 and appropriate ligands for both receptors (p = 0.0015). We further provide functional data that demonstrate that NK cells from individuals with multiple copies of KIR3DL1, in the presence of KIR3DS1 and the appropriate ligands, inhibit
10.1371/journal.pbio.1001208
22140359
PMC3226550
Cohort Studies *DNA Copy Number Variations HIV-1/immunology/*physiology Humans Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism/physiology Lymphocyte Activation Models, Immunological Receptors, KIR/*genetics/metabolism Viral Load Virus Replication
Pelak K, Need AC, Fellay J, Shianna KV, Feng S, Urban TJ, Ge D, De Luca A, Martinez-Picado J, Wolinsky SM, Martinson JJ, Jamieson BD, Bream JH, Martin MP, Borrow P, Letvin NL, McMichael AJ, Haynes BF, Telenti A, Carrington M, Goldstein DB, Alter G; NIAID Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology (2011). Copy number variation of KIR genes influences HIV-1 control. PLoS Biol, 9(11), e1001208. PMC3226550
Journal Article
Role of exonic variation in chemokine receptor genes on AIDS: CCRL2 F167Y association with pneumocystis pneumonia
PLoS Genet
2011
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22046140
Chromosome 3p21-22 harbors two clusters of chemokine receptor genes, several of which serve as major or minor coreceptors of HIV-1. Although the genetic association of CCR5 and CCR2 variants with HIV-1 pathogenesis is well known, the role of variation in other nearby chemokine receptor genes remain unresolved. We genotyped exonic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in chemokine receptor genes: CCR3, CCRL2, and CXCR6 (at 3p21) and CCR8 and CX3CR1 (at 3p22), the majority of which were non-synonymous. The individual SNPs were tested for their effects on disease progression and outcomes in five treatment-naive HIV-1/AIDS natural history cohorts. In addition to the known CCR5 and CCR2 associations, significant associations were identified for CCR3, CCR8, and CCRL2 on progression to AIDS. A multivariate survival analysis pointed to a previously undetected association of a non-conservative amino acid change F167Y in CCRL2 with AIDS progression: 167F is associated with accelerated progressi
10.1371/journal.pgen.1002328
22046140
PMC3203199
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*complications Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3/genetics Cohort Studies Disease Progression Exons Genetic Association Studies HEK293 Cells *hiv-1 Humans Linkage Disequilibrium Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/etiology/*genetics Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide Receptors, CCR/*chemistry/*genetics Receptors, CCR3/genetics Receptors, CCR8/genetics Receptors, CXCR6 Receptors, Chemokine/genetics Receptors, Virus/genetics Survival Analysis Treatment Outcome
An P, Li R, Wang JM, Yoshimura T, Takahashi M, Samudralal R, O'Brien SJ, Phair J, Goedert JJ, Kirk GD, Troyer JL, Sezgin E, Buchbinder SP, Donfield S, Nelson GW, Winkler CA (2011). Role of exonic variation in chemokine receptor genes on AIDS: CCRL2 F167Y association with pneumocystis pneumonia. PLoS Genet, 7(10), e1002328. PMC3203199
Journal Article
Factors associated with elevated ALT in an international HIV/HBV co-infected cohort on long-term HAART
PLoS One
2011
2011
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22069454
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have demonstrated that hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection increases the risk for ALT elevations in HIV-HBV co-infected patients during the first year of HAART; however, there is limited data on the prevalence of ALT elevations with prolonged HAART in this patient group. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: To identify factors associated with ALT elevations in an HIV-HBV co-infected cohort receiving prolonged HAART, data from 143 co-infected patients on HAART enrolled in an international HIV-HBV co-infected cohort where ALT measurements were obtained every 6 months was analysed. A person-visit analysis was used to determine frequency of ALT elevation (>/= 2.5xULN) at each visit. Factors associated with ALT elevation were determined using multivariate logistic regression with generalized estimating equations to account for correlated data. The median time on HAART at the end of follow-up was 5.6 years (range 0.4-13.3) years. During follow-up, median ALT was 36 U/L with
10.1371/journal.pone.0026482
22069454
PMC3206023
Adult Alanine Transaminase/*blood Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active DNA, Viral/genetics Female HIV/*physiology HIV Infections/*blood/*drug therapy/virology Hepatitis B/*blood/*drug therapy/virology Hepatitis B e Antigens/metabolism Hepatitis B virus/*physiology Humans Longitudinal Studies Male Polymerase Chain Reaction Prognosis Prospective Studies RNA, Viral/genetics Viral Load
Audsley J, Seaberg EC, Sasadeusz J, Matthews GV, Avihingsanon A, Ruxrungtham K, Fairley K, Finlayson R, Hwang HS, Littlejohn M, Locarnini S, Dore GJ, Thio CL, Lewin SR (2011). Factors associated with elevated ALT in an international HIV/HBV co-infected cohort on long-term HAART. PLoS One, 6(11), e26482. PMC3206023
Journal Article
Genome-wide association study identifies single nucleotide polymorphism in DYRK1A associated with replication of HIV-1 in monocyte-derived macrophages
PLoS One
2011
25-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21364930
BACKGROUND: HIV-1 infected macrophages play an important role in rendering resting T cells permissive for infection, in spreading HIV-1 to T cells, and in the pathogenesis of AIDS dementia. During highly active anti-retroviral treatment (HAART), macrophages keep producing virus because tissue penetration of antiretrovirals is suboptimal and the efficacy of some is reduced. Thus, to cure HIV-1 infection with antiretrovirals we will also need to efficiently inhibit viral replication in macrophages. The majority of the current drugs block the action of viral enzymes, whereas there is an abundance of yet unidentified host factors that could be targeted. We here present results from a genome-wide association study identifying novel genetic polymorphisms that affect in vitro HIV-1 replication in macrophages. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Monocyte-derived macrophages from 393 blood donors were infected with HIV-1 and viral replication was determined using Gag p24 antigen levels. Genomic DNA
10.1371/journal.pone.0017190
21364930
PMC3045405
Adult Cells, Cultured Female Genetic Predisposition to Disease Genome-Wide Association Study HIV Infections/genetics/immunology/virology HIV-1/*physiology Humans Linkage Disequilibrium Macrophages/metabolism/pathology/*virology Male Middle Aged *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*genetics/physiology Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*genetics/physiology Virus Replication/*genetics
Bol SM, Moerland PD, Limou S, van Remmerden Y, Coulonges C, van Manen D, Herbeck JT, Fellay J, Sieberer M, Sietzema JG, van 't Slot R, Martinson J, Zagury JF, Schuitemaker H, van 't Wout AB (2011). Genome-wide association study identifies single nucleotide polymorphism in DYRK1A associated with replication of HIV-1 in monocyte-derived macrophages. PLoS One, 6(2), e17190. PMC3045405
Journal Article
Drug use and receipt of highly active antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected persons in two U.S. clinic cohorts
PLoS One
2011
25-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21541016
OBJECTIVE: Drug use and receipt of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) were assessed in HIV-infected persons from the Comprehensive Care Center (CCC; Nashville, TN) and Johns Hopkins University HIV Clinic (JHU; Baltimore, MD) between 1999 and 2005. METHODS: Participants with and without injection drug use (IDU) history in the CCC and JHU cohorts were evaluated. Additional analysis of persons with history of IDU, non-injection drug use (NIDU), and no drug use from CCC were performed. Activity of IDU and NIDU also was assessed for the CCC cohort. HAART use and time on HAART were analyzed according to drug use category and site of care. RESULTS: 1745 persons were included from CCC: 268 (15%) with IDU history and 796 (46%) with NIDU history. 1977 persons were included from JHU: 731 (35%) with IDU history. Overall, the cohorts differed in IDU risk factor rates, age, race, sex, and time in follow-up. In multivariate analyses, IDU was associated with decreased HAART receipt overall (
10.1371/journal.pone.0018462
21541016
PMC3081810
Adult *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Baltimore Cohort Studies Demography Female Follow-Up Studies HIV Infections/*complications/*drug therapy Humans Logistic Models Male Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis Risk Factors Substance Abuse, Intravenous/*complications Tennessee Time Factors United States
McGowan CC, Weinstein DD, Samenow CP, Stinnette SE, Barkanic G, Rebeiro PF, Sterling TR, Moore RD, Hulgan T (2011). Drug use and receipt of highly active antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected persons in two U.S. clinic cohorts. PLoS One, 6(4), e18462. PMC3081810
Journal Article
Association between use of HMG CoA reductase inhibitors and mortality in HIV-infected patients
PLoS One
2011
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21765919
INTRODUCTION: HIV infection is a disease associated with chronic inflammation and immune activation. Antiretroviral therapy reduces inflammation, but not to levels in comparable HIV-negative individuals. The HMG-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) inhibit several pro-inflammatory processes and suppress immune activation, and are a logical therapy to assess for a possible salutary effect on HIV disease progression and outcomes. METHODS: Eligible patients were patients enrolled in the Johns Hopkins HIV Clinical Cohort who achieved virologic suppression within 180 days of starting a new highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimen after January 1, 1998. Assessment was continued until death in patients who maintained a virologic suppression, with right-censoring of their follow-up time if they had an HIV RNA > 500 copies/ml. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to assess statin use as a time-varying covariate, as well as other demographic and clinical factors. RESULTS
10.1371/journal.pone.0021843
21765919
PMC3134453
Adult Cause of Death Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*mortality Humans Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/*therapeutic use Male Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis Proportional Hazards Models Survival Analysis
Moore RD, Bartlett JG, Gallant JE (2011). Association between use of HMG CoA reductase inhibitors and mortality in HIV-infected patients. PLoS One, 6(7), e21843. PMC3134453
Journal Article
The dual impact of HIV-1 infection and aging on naive CD4 T-cells: additive and distinct patterns of impairment
PLoS One
2011
26-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21298072
HIV-1-infected adults over the age of 50 years progress to AIDS more rapidly than adults in their twenties or thirties. In addition, HIV-1-infected individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) present with clinical diseases, such as various cancers and liver disease, more commonly seen in older uninfected adults. These observations suggest that HIV-1 infection in older persons can have detrimental immunological effects that are not completely reversed by ART. As naive T-cells are critically important in responses to neoantigens, we first analyzed two subsets (CD45RA(+)CD31(+) and CD45RA(+)CD31(-)) within the naive CD4(+) T-cell compartment in young (20-32 years old) and older (39-58 years old), ART-naive, HIV-1 seropositive individuals within 1-3 years of infection and in age-matched seronegative controls. HIV-1 infection in the young cohort was associated with lower absolute numbers of, and shorter telomere lengths within, both CD45RA(+)CD31(+)CD4(+) and CD45RA(+)CD31(-)CD4(+) T
10.1371/journal.pone.0016459
21298072
PMC3027697
Adult Age Factors Aging/*immunology Anti-Retroviral Agents CD4 Lymphocyte Count CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*cytology Case-Control Studies HIV Infections/drug therapy/*immunology Homeostasis Humans Longitudinal Studies Middle Aged T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology Telomere Thymus Gland/cytology Young Adult
Rickabaugh TM, Kilpatrick RD, Hultin LE, Hultin PM, Hausner MA, Sugar CA, Althoff KN, Margolick JB, Rinaldo CR, Detels R, Phair J, Effros RB, Jamieson BD (2011). The dual impact of HIV-1 infection and aging on naive CD4 T-cells: additive and distinct patterns of impairment. PLoS One, 6(1), e16459. PMC3027697
Journal Article
Overexpression of microRNAs from the miR-17-92 paralog clusters in AIDS-related non-Hodgkin's lymphomas
PLoS One
2011
2011
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21698185
BACKGROUND: Individuals infected by HIV are at an increased risk for developing non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (AIDS-NHL). In the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era, there has been a significant decline in the incidence of AIDS-associated primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). However, only a modest decrease in incidence has been reported for other AIDS-NHL subtypes. Thus, AIDS-NHLs remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV infected individuals. Recently, much attention has been directed toward the role of miRNAs in cancer, including NHL. Several miRNAs, including those encoded by the miR-17-92 polycistron, have been shown to play significant roles in B cell tumorigenesis. However, the role of miRNAs in NHL in the setting of HIV infection has not been defined. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We used quantitative realtime PCR to assess the expression of miRNAs from three different paralog clusters, miR-17-92, miR-106a-363, and miR-106b-25 in 24 cases
10.1371/journal.pone.0020781
21698185
PMC3116840
Base Sequence Blotting, Western Cell Line, Tumor DNA Primers Gene Expression Profiling Gene Silencing Humans Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/*genetics MicroRNAs/*genetics *Multigene Family RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional
Thapa DR, Li X, Jamieson BD, Martínez-Maza O (2011). Overexpression of microRNAs from the miR-17-92 paralog clusters in AIDS-related non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. PLoS One, 6(6), e20781. PMC3116840
Journal Article
Prevalence of kidney disease in HIV-infected and uninfected Rwandan women
PLoS One
2011
28-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21464937
BACKGROUND: In the United States, HIV-related kidney disease disproportionately affects individuals of African descent; however, there are few estimates of kidney disease prevalence in Africa. We evaluated the prevalence of kidney disease among HIV-infected and uninfected Rwandan women. METHODS: The Rwandan Women's Interassociation Study and Assessment prospectively enrolled 936 women. Associations with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)<60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and proteinuria were assessed in separate logistic regression models. RESULTS: Among 891 non-pregnant women with available data, 2.4% had an eGFR<60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) (calculated by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation, MDRD eGFR) and 8.7% had proteinuria >/=1+. The prevalence of decreased eGFR varied markedly depending on the estimating method used, with the highest prevalence by Cockcroft-Gault. Regardless of the method used to estimate GFR, the proportion with decreased eGFR or proteinuria did not differ sig
10.1371/journal.pone.0018352
21464937
PMC3065469
Adult Demography Female Glomerular Filtration Rate/physiology HIV Infections/*complications/*epidemiology/physiopathology Humans Kidney Diseases/*complications/*epidemiology/physiopathology Multivariate Analysis Prevalence Rwanda/epidemiology
Wyatt CM, Shi Q, Novak JE, Hoover DR, Szczech L, Mugabo JS, Binagwaho A, Cohen M, Mutimura E, Anastos K (2011). Prevalence of kidney disease in HIV-infected and uninfected Rwandan women. PLoS One, 6(3), e18352. PMC3065469
Journal Article
CD39/adenosine pathway is involved in AIDS progression
PLoS Pathog
2011
Jul-11
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21750674
HIV-1 infection is characterized by a chronic activation of the immune system and suppressed function of T lymphocytes. Regulatory CD4+ CD25(high) FoxP3+CD127(low) T cells (Treg) play a key role in both conditions. Here, we show that HIV-1 positive patients have a significant increase of Treg-associated expression of CD39/ENTPD1, an ectoenzyme which in concert with CD73 generates adenosine. We show in vitro that the CD39/adenosine axis is involved in Treg suppression in HIV infection. Treg inhibitory effects are relieved by CD39 down modulation and are reproduced by an adenosine-agonist in accordance with a higher expression of the adenosine A2A receptor on patients' T cells. Notably, the expansion of the Treg CD39+ correlates with the level of immune activation and lower CD4+ counts in HIV-1 infected patients. Finally, in a genetic association study performed in three different cohorts, we identified a CD39 gene polymorphism that was associated with down-modulated CD39 expression and
10.1371/journal.ppat.1002110
21750674
PMC3131268
activation Adenosine AIDS Antigens Antigens,CD Apyrase Biological Markers Bulgaria CD4+ Cell Proliferation cells Cells,Cultured cohort Disease Progression Down-Regulation effects epidemiology Forkhead Transcription Factors France Gene Expression Genetic Association Studies genetics Hiv HIV infection HIV Infections Hiv-1 HIV-1 infection Human Humans immune immune activation Immune System immunology In Vitro infection lymphocyte Lymphocyte Activation Lymphocytes marker markers metabolism mortality Polymorphism,Genetic progression Receptor,Adenosine A2A Role study Survival Rate t cell t lymphocytes t-cells T-Lymphocytes T-Lymphocytes,Regulatory Transcription Factors
Nikolova M, Carriere M, Jenabian MA, Limou S, Younas M, Kök A, Huë S, Seddiki N, Hulin A, Delaneau O, Schuitemaker H, Herbeck JT, Mullins JI, Muhtarova M, Bensussan A, Zagury JF, Lelievre JD, Lévy Y (2011). CD39/adenosine pathway is involved in AIDS progression. PLoS Pathog, 7(7), e1002110. PMC3131268
Journal Article
HIV-associated lung infections and complications in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy
Proc Am Thorac Soc
2011
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21653528
The spectrum of lung diseases associated with HIV is broad, and many infectious and noninfectious complications of HIV infection have been recognized. The nature and prevalence of lung complications have not been fully characterized since the Pulmonary Complications of HIV Infection Study more than 15 years ago, before antiretroviral therapy (ART) increased life expectancy. Our understanding of the global epidemiology of these diseases in the current ART era is limited, and the mechanisms for the increases in the noninfectious conditions, in particular, are not well understood. The Longitudinal Studies of HIV-Associated Lung Infections and Complications (Lung HIV) Study (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT00933595) is a collaborative multi-R01 consortium of research projects established by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute to examine a diverse range of infectious and noninfectious pulmonary diseases in HIV-infected persons. This article reviews our current state of knowledge of t
10.1513/pats.201009-059WR
21653528
PMC3132785
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/etiology Anti-Retroviral Agents/*therapeutic use CD4 Lymphocyte Count Clinical Trials as Topic HIV Infections/*complications/drug therapy Humans Lung/immunology Lung Diseases/*etiology/immunology Multicenter Studies as Topic Risk Factors T-Lymphocytes/immunology
Crothers K, Thompson BW, Burkhardt K, Morris A, Flores SC, Diaz PT, Chaisson RE, Kirk GD, Rom WN, Huang L; Lung HIV Study (2011). HIV-associated lung infections and complications in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy. Proc Am Thorac Soc, 8(3), 275-81. PMC3132785
Journal Article
HIV and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: is it worse and why?
Proc Am Thorac Soc
2011
Jun-11
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21653535
Smoking-related diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), are of particular concern in the HIV-infected population. Smoking rates are high in this population, and long-term exposure to cigarette smoke in the setting of HIV infection may increase the number of complications seen. Before the era of combination antiretroviral therapy, HIV-infected persons were noted to have an accelerated form of COPD, with significant emphysematous disease seen in individuals less than 40 years old. Unlike many of the AIDS-defining opportunistic infections, HIV-associated COPD may be more common in the current era of HIV because it is frequently reported in patients without a history of AIDS-related pulmonary complications and because many aging HIV-infected individuals have had a longer exposure to smoking and HIV. In this review, we document the epidemiology of HIV-associated COPD before and after the institution of combination antiretroviral therapy, review data suggesting that C
10.1513/pats.201006-045WR
21653535
PMC3132792
adverse effects agent Aging AIDS-related Airway Obstruction Animals Anti-Retroviral Agents antiretroviral therapy Apoptosis Autoimmunity complications Disease drug therapy effects Endothelial Cells epidemiology Epithelial Cells Health Behavior history Hiv HIV infection HIV Infections Humans infection infections Inflammation Lung Macrophages metabolism microbiology opportunistic Opportunistic Infections Oxidative Stress pathology Pennsylvania physiology physiopathology Pittsburgh Pneumonia,Pneumocystis population Pulmonary Disease,Chronic Obstructive research Respiratory Function Tests response review Risk Factors Smoking Substance-Related Disorders support therapeutic use therapies therapy
Morris A, George MP, Crothers K, Huang L, Lucht L, Kessinger C, Kleerup EC; Lung HIV Study (2011). HIV and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: is it worse and why?. Proc Am Thorac Soc, 8(3), 320-325. PMC3132792
Journal Article
Increased gonorrhoea and chlamydia testing did not increase case detection in an HIV clinical cohort 1999-2007
Sex Transm Infect
2011
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21745834
OBJECTIVES: Since 2003, US organisations have recommended universal screening, rather than targeted screening, of HIV-infected persons for gonorrhoea and chlamydia. The objective of this study was to determine whether wider testing resulting from these guidelines would produce an increase in gonorrhoea/chlamydia diagnoses. METHODS: 3283 patients receiving HIV care in 1999-2007 in the Johns Hopkins Hospital HIV clinic were studied. The two primary outcomes were the occurrence of any gonorrhoea/chlamydia testing in each year of care and the occurrence of any positive result(s) in years of testing. The proportion of all patients in care who were diagnosed with gonorrhoea/chlamydia was defined as the number of patients with positive results divided by the number of patients in care. Trends were analysed with repeated measures logistic regression. RESULTS: The proportion of patients tested for gonorrhoea/chlamydia increased steadily from 0.12 in 1999 to 0.33 in 2007 (OR per year for being t
10.1136/sextrans-2011-050051
21745834
PMC3174330
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/*diagnosis/epidemiology Adolescent Adult Aged Ambulatory Care/statistics & numerical data Bacteriological Techniques/statistics & numerical data Baltimore/epidemiology Chlamydia Infections/*diagnosis/epidemiology Chlamydia trachomatis/isolation & purification Cohort Studies Female Gonorrhea/*diagnosis/epidemiology *hiv-1 Homosexuality, Male/statistics & numerical data Humans Male Mass Screening/*statistics & numerical data Middle Aged Neisseria gonorrhoeae/isolation & purification Young Adult
Berry SA, Ghanem KG, Page KR, Gange SJ, Thio CL, Moore RD, Gebo KA (2011). Increased gonorrhoea and chlamydia testing did not increase case detection in an HIV clinical cohort 1999-2007. Sex Transm Infect, 87(6), 469-75. PMC3174330
Journal Article
NIHMS308610
Parametric mixture models to evaluate and summarize hazard ratios in the presence of competing risks with time-dependent hazards and delayed entry
Stat Med
2011
15-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21337360
In the analysis of survival data, there are often competing events that preclude an event of interest from occurring. Regression analysis with competing risks is typically undertaken using a cause-specific proportional hazards model. However, modern alternative methods exist for the analysis of the subdistribution hazard with a corresponding subdistribution proportional hazards model. In this paper, we introduce a flexible parametric mixture model as a unifying method to obtain estimates of the cause-specific and subdistribution hazards and hazard-ratio functions. We describe how these estimates can be summarized over time to give a single number comparable to the hazard ratio that is obtained from a corresponding cause-specific or subdistribution proportional hazards model. An application to the Women's Interagency HIV Study is provided to investigate injection drug use and the time to either the initiation of effective antiretroviral therapy, or clinical disease progression as a comp
10.1002/sim.4123
21337360
PMC3069508
Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active *Data Interpretation, Statistical Female HIV/isolation & purification HIV Infections/drug therapy/etiology/virology Humans *Proportional Hazards Models Risk Assessment/*methods Substance Abuse, Intravenous/virology
Lau B, Cole SR, Gange SJ (2011). Parametric mixture models to evaluate and summarize hazard ratios in the presence of competing risks with time-dependent hazards and delayed entry. Stat Med, 30(6), 654-65. PMC3069508
Journal Article
NIHMS247529
Psychobiology of Risk Behavior
The Neurology of AIDS
2011
AIDS behavior MSM neurology Risk
Book Section
Astrocytes: biology and pathology
Acta Neuropathol
2010
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20012068
Astrocytes are specialized glial cells that outnumber neurons by over fivefold. They contiguously tile the entire central nervous system (CNS) and exert many essential complex functions in the healthy CNS. Astrocytes respond to all forms of CNS insults through a process referred to as reactive astrogliosis, which has become a pathological hallmark of CNS structural lesions. Substantial progress has been made recently in determining functions and mechanisms of reactive astrogliosis and in identifying roles of astrocytes in CNS disorders and pathologies. A vast molecular arsenal at the disposal of reactive astrocytes is being defined. Transgenic mouse models are dissecting specific aspects of reactive astrocytosis and glial scar formation in vivo. Astrocyte involvement in specific clinicopathological entities is being defined. It is now clear that reactive astrogliosis is not a simple all-or-none phenomenon but is a finely gradated continuum of changes that occur in context-dependent man
10.1007/s00401-009-0619-8
20012068
PMC2799634
Animals Astrocytes/*pathology/*physiology Central Nervous System/pathology/physiology/physiopathology Central Nervous System Diseases/pathology/physiopathology Humans Models, Neurological
Sofroniew MV, Vinters HV (2010). Astrocytes: biology and pathology. Acta Neuropathol, 119(1), Jul-35. PMC2799634
Journal Article
Transitions in Drug Use Among High-Risk Women: An Application of Latent Class and Latent Transition Analysis
Adv Appl Stat Sci
2010
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21921977/
21921977
PMC3171700
Lanza ST, Bray BC (2010). Transitions in Drug Use Among High-Risk Women: An Application of Latent Class and Latent Transition Analysis. Adv Appl Stat Sci, 3(2), 203-235. PMC3171700
Journal Article
Virologic and immunologic response to HAART, by age and regimen class
AIDS
2010
23-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20829678
OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of age and initial HAART regimen class on virologic and immunologic response within 24 months after initiation. DESIGN: Pooled analysis of data from 19 prospective cohort studies in the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD). METHODS: Twelve thousand, one hundred and ninety-six antiretroviral-naive adults who initiated HAART between 1998 and 2008 using a boosted protease inhibitor-based regimen or a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based regimen were included in our study. Discrete time-to-event models estimated adjusted hazard odds ratios (aHOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for suppressed viral load (</=500 copies/ml) and, separately, at least 100 cells/mul increase in CD4 cell count. Truncated, stabilized inverse probability weights accounted for selection biases from discontinuation of initial regimen class. RESULTS: Among 12 196 eligible participants (mean age = 42 years), 50% changed
10.1097/QAD.0b013e32833e6d14
20829678
PMC3136814
Adolescent Adult Age Distribution *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active CD4 Lymphocyte Count Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/immunology/virology *hiv-1 Humans Logistic Models Male Middle Aged RNA, Viral/*immunology Viral Load Young Adult
Althoff KN, Justice AC, Gange SJ, Deeks SG, Saag MS, Silverberg MJ, Gill MJ, Lau B, Napravnik S, Tedaldi E, Klein MB, Gebo KA; North American AIDS Cohorts Collaboration on Research, Design (NA-ACCORD) (2010). Virologic and immunologic response to HAART, by age and regimen class. AIDS, 24(16), 2469-79. PMC3136814
Journal Article
NIHMS308104
The importance of cross-national and cross-cultural research in understanding the central nervous system complications of HIV disease
AIDS
2010
24-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19926958
10.1097/QAD.0b013e328334b2a1
19926958
PMC4088316
CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cognition Disorders/diagnosis/*etiology Cross-Cultural Comparison HIV/classification HIV Infections/*complications/virology Humans Neuropsychological Tests Risk Factors
Becker JT, Sacktor N (2010). The importance of cross-national and cross-cultural research in understanding the central nervous system complications of HIV disease. AIDS, 24(7), 1061-2. PMC4088316
Journal Article
Hepatic steatosis associated with increased central body fat by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and uncontrolled HIV in HIV/hepatitis C co-infected persons
AIDS
2010
27-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20186036
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between regional body composition and liver disease (fibrosis or steatosis) in HIV/HCV co-infected individuals. METHODS: Whole body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was performed in 173 HIV/HCV co-infected persons within 12 months of a liver biopsy. Significant fibrosis was defined as a METAVIR stage greater than 1. Steatosis was graded as: 0, none; 1, steatosis involving less than 5% of hepatocytes; 2, 5-29%; 3, 30-60%; 4 greater than 60%, and was defined as more than 0. Poisson regression with robust variance was used to estimate prevalence ratios of the outcome measures. RESULTS: The population was 62% male and 84% black with a median body mass index of 25.2 kg/m (interquartile range 22.5, 29.3 kg/m). No differences in regional body fat or fat distribution were observed in 42 patients with significant fibrosis compared to others with less fibrosis. However, the 77 individuals (45%) with steatosis had greater central fat than those withou
10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283333651
20186036
PMC3800050
Absorptiometry, Photon Adipose Tissue/*pathology Adult Fatty Liver/etiology/*pathology/virology Female HIV Infections/complications/*pathology/virology Hepatitis C/complications/*pathology/virology Humans Male Middle Aged Prevalence Prospective Studies Risk Factors Viral Load
Brown TT, Mehta SH, Sutcliffe C, Higgins Y, Torbenson MS, Moore RD, Thomas DL, Sulkowski MS (2010). Hepatic steatosis associated with increased central body fat by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and uncontrolled HIV in HIV/hepatitis C co-infected persons. AIDS, 24(6), 811-7. PMC3800050
Journal Article
NIHMS518640
HLA-B alleles associate consistently with HIV heterosexual transmission, viral load, and progression to AIDS, but not susceptibility to infection
AIDS
2010
7/31/2010
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20588164
OBJECTIVE: HLA class I polymorphism is known to affect the rate of progression to AIDS after infection with HIV-1. Here we test the consistency of HLA-B allelic effects on progression to AIDS, heterosexual HIV transmission, and 'set point' viral levels. METHODS: We used adjusted Cox proportional hazard models in previously published relative hazard values for the effect of HLA-B alleles on progression to AIDS (n = 1089). The transmission study included 303 HIV-1-infected men with hemophilia and their 323 female sex partners (Multicenter Hemophilia Cohort Study cohort). Among 259 HIV-1 seroconverters (Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study cohort), HIV RNA levels at 'set point' were determined in stored plasma samples by a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assay. HLA-B genotyping was performed by sequence-specific oligonucleotide hybridization and DNA sequencing. RESULTS: Several HLA-B alleles showed consistent associations for AIDS risk, infectivity, and 'set point' HIV RNA. HLA-B
10.1097/QAD.0b013e32833c3219
20588164
PMC2902625
Affect AIDS Alleles assay cancer cohort Cohort Studies cohort study control Dna effects Female Hiv HIV transmission Hiv-1 HIV-1 infection HLA immunology infection Inflammation Laboratories Maryland methods model multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Odds Ratio Polymerase Chain Reaction progression research Risk Rna sex study support transmission Viral Load
Gao X, O'Brien TR, Welzel TM, Marti D, Qi Y, Goedert JJ, Phair J, Pfeiffer R, Carrington M (2010). HLA-B alleles associate consistently with HIV heterosexual transmission, viral load, and progression to AIDS, but not susceptibility to infection. AIDS, 24(12), 1835-1840. PMC2902625
Journal Article
Contemporary costs of HIV healthcare in the HAART era
AIDS
2010
13-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20859193
BACKGROUND: The delivery of HIV healthcare historically has been expensive. The most recent national data regarding HIV healthcare costs were from 1996-1998. We provide updated estimates of expenditures for HIV management. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional review of medical records at 10 sites in the HIV Research Network, a consortium of high-volume HIV care providers across the United States. We assessed inpatient days, outpatient visits, and prescribed antiretroviral and opportunistic illness prophylaxis medications for 14 691 adult HIV-infected patients in primary HIV care in 2006. We estimated total care expenditures, stratified by the median CD4 cell count obtained in 2006 (</=50, 51-200, 201-350, 351-500, >500 cells/mul). Per-unit costs of care were based on Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) data for inpatient care, discounted average wholesale prices for medications, and Medicare physician fees for outpatient care. RESULTS: Averaging over all CD4 strata, the m
10.1097/QAD.0b013e32833f3c14
20859193
PMC3551268
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/drug therapy/*economics/epidemiology Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*economics CD4 Lymphocyte Count/economics Cost-Benefit Analysis/*economics Cross-Sectional Studies Delivery of Health Care/*economics Female HIV Infections/drug therapy/*economics/epidemiology Humans Male United States/epidemiology
Gebo KA, Fleishman JA, Conviser R, Hellinger J, Hellinger FJ, Josephs JS, Keiser P, Gaist P, Moore RD; HIV Research Network (2010). Contemporary costs of HIV healthcare in the HAART era. AIDS, 24(17), 2705-15. PMC3551268
Journal Article
NIHMS244848
Absence of xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus in blood cells of men at risk for and infected with HIV
AIDS
2010
7/17/2010
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20597166
Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus has been detected in blood cells of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome and in 3.7% of healthy controls from the same geographic region. We evaluated 996 men who were participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study for xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus sequences in blood cells by means of a real-time quantitative PCR assay. Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus was detected in none of the men on the basis of the absence of xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus DNA, suggesting that infection may be population-specific
10.1097/qad.0b013e32833b76fb
20597166
AIDS assay blood Blood Cells cells Chicago cohort Cohort Studies cohort study control Dna Fatigue Hiv Illinois infection Leukemia multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study PCR research Risk study support virus
Kunstman KJ, Bhattacharya T, Flaherty J, Phair JP, Wolinsky SM (2010). Absence of xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus in blood cells of men at risk for and infected with HIV. AIDS, 24(11), 1784-1785.
Journal Article
Inflammatory biomarkers and abacavir use in the Women's Interagency HIV Study and the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
AIDS
2010
17-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20588104
OBJECTIVE: To assess associations between abacavir (ABC) use and systemic inflammation. DESIGN: Nested case-control study. METHODS: The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) and Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) cohort participants who initiated ABC were matched, using propensity score methods, to ABC-unexposed persons. Levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) (microg/ml), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (pg/ml), and D-dimer (microg/ml) were measured from pre-HAART and on-HAART plasma. Random-effects models compared markers by ABC exposure and by changes from pre-HAART levels. RESULTS: Biomarkers were measured in N = 508 matched pairs (328 women; 180 men). Pre-HAART levels did not differ by exposure group except that hsCRP levels were higher among WIHS women who subsequently used ABC (P = 0.04). Regardless of ABC use, mean hsCRP increases and D-dimer reductions were seen when comparing pre-HAART to on-HAART levels, in the overall group (28 and -27%), for MACS men (28 and -31%) and
10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283389dfa
20588104
PMC3514460
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*adverse effects/therapeutic use Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/adverse effects Biomarkers/blood C-Reactive Protein/metabolism Case-Control Studies Dideoxynucleosides/*adverse effects/therapeutic use Female Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products/metabolism HIV Infections/*drug therapy/virology HIV-1/isolation & purification Humans Inflammation/blood/*chemically induced Inflammation Mediators/*blood Interleukin-6/blood Male Middle Aged RNA, Viral/blood Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/adverse effects/therapeutic use
Palella FJ Jr, Gange SJ, Benning L, Jacobson L, Kaplan RC, Landay AL, Tracy RP, Elion R (2010). Inflammatory biomarkers and abacavir use in the Women's Interagency HIV Study and the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. AIDS, 24(11), 1657-65. PMC3514460
Journal Article
N348I in reverse transcriptase provides a genetic pathway for HIV-1 to select thymidine analogue mutations and mutations antagonistic to thymidine analogue mutations
AIDS
2010
13-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20160634
OBJECTIVE: Several nonnucleoside (e.g. Y181C) and nucleoside (e.g. L74V and M184V) resistance mutations in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase are antagonistic toward thymidine analogue mutations (TAMs) that confer zidovudine (ZDV) resistance. The N348I mutation in the connection domain of reverse transcriptase also confers ZDV resistance; however, the mechanisms involved are different from TAMs. In this study, we examined whether N348I compensates for the antagonism of the TAM K70R by Y181C, L74V and M184V. DESIGN AND METHODS: The ZDV monophosphate and ribonuclease H activities of recombinant-purified HIV-1 reverse transcriptase-containing combinations of K70R, N348I and Y181C, L74V or M184V were assessed using standard biochemical and antiviral assays. RESULTS: As expected, the introduction of the Y181C, L74V or M184V mutations into K70R HIV-1 reverse transcriptase significantly diminished the ATP-mediated ZDV monophosphate excision activity of the enzyme. However, the N348I mutation compens
10.1097/QAD.0b013e328336781d
20160634
PMC2874746
Drug Resistance, Multiple, Viral/*genetics HIV Infections/drug therapy/genetics HIV Reverse Transcriptase/*genetics HIV-1/*drug effects/enzymology/genetics Humans *Mutation Phenotype Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/metabolism/*pharmacology Thymidine/genetics Viral Load Zidovudine/metabolism/*pharmacology
Radzio J, Yap SH, Tachedjian G, Sluis-Cremer N (2010). N348I in reverse transcriptase provides a genetic pathway for HIV-1 to select thymidine analogue mutations and mutations antagonistic to thymidine analogue mutations. AIDS, 24(5), 659-67. PMC2874746
Journal Article
NIHMS201392
HIV, HAART, and lipoprotein particle concentrations in the Women's Interagency HIV Study
AIDS
2010
27-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20871387
BACKGROUND: Changes in lipoprotein particle concentrations, especially greater small low-density lipoprotein particle (LDL-p) and lower small high-density lipoprotein particle (HDL-p) may provide information regarding cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk above and beyond that which is provided by standard lipids. We quantified the association HIV and HAART use had with LDL-p and HDL-p. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of 1077 individuals classified by HIV/HAART status (361 HIV-uninfected, 128 HIV-infected/HAART naive, 588 HIV-infected/on HAART) enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy estimated total and subclass lipoprotein particle concentrations. Quantile regression models were used to estimate differences in the 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles of the distributions of lipoprotein particle concentrations between the two HIV-infected exposure groups and HIV-uninfected controls after adjustment for demographic, nonlipid metabolic fa
10.1097/QAD.0b013e32833fcb3b
20871387
PMC2992832
Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*adverse effects Cardiovascular Diseases/chemically induced/epidemiology/*prevention & control Cholesterol, HDL/*drug effects Cholesterol, LDL/*drug effects Cross-Sectional Studies Female HIV Infections/complications/*drug therapy/epidemiology Humans Particle Size Risk Factors Surveys and Questionnaires United States/epidemiology
Tien PC, Schneider MF, Cox C, Cohen M, Karim R, Lazar J, Young M, Glesby MJ (2010). HIV, HAART, and lipoprotein particle concentrations in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. AIDS, 24(18), 2809-17. PMC2992832
Journal Article
Cytokine signaling pathway polymorphisms and AIDS-related non-Hodgkin lymphoma risk in the multicenter AIDS cohort study
AIDS
2010
24-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20299965
BACKGROUND: Cytokine stimulation of B-cell proliferation may be an important causative mechanism for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) may be a co-factor, particularly for primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors, which are uniformly EBV-positive in the setting of AIDS. Thus, we examined associations of genetic variation in IL10 and related cytokine-signaling molecules (IL10RA, CXCL12, IL13, IL4, IL4R, CCL5 and BCL6) with AIDS-related NHL risk and evaluated differences between primary CNS and systemic tumors. PATIENTS AND MATERIALS: We compared 160 Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) participants with incident lymphomas, of which 90 followed another AIDS diagnosis, to HIV-1-seropositive controls matched on duration of lymphoma-free survival post-HIV-1 infection (N = 160) or post-AIDS diagnosis (N = 90). We fit conditional logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI
10.1097/QAD.0b013e328332d5b1
20299965
PMC3950937
B-Lymphocytes Case-Control Studies Central Nervous System Neoplasms/genetics/virology Cytokines/*genetics/metabolism HIV Infections/*genetics/pathology/virology HIV-1/*genetics Herpesvirus 4, Human/*genetics Humans Interleukin-10/genetics/metabolism Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/*genetics/pathology/virology Male Multicenter Studies as Topic Polymorphism, Genetic Risk Factors Signal Transduction/genetics
Wong HL, Breen EC, Pfeiffer RM, Aissani B, Martinson JJ, Margolick JB, Kaslow RA, Jacobson LP, Ambinder RF, Chanock S, Martínez-Maza O, Rabkin CS (2010). Cytokine signaling pathway polymorphisms and AIDS-related non-Hodgkin lymphoma risk in the multicenter AIDS cohort study. AIDS, 24(7), 1025-33. PMC3950937
Journal Article
Fracture incidence in HIV-infected women: results from the Women's Interagency HIV Study
AIDS
2010
13-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20859192
BACKGROUND: The clinical importance of the association of HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy (ART) with low bone mineral density (BMD) in premenopausal women is uncertain because BMD stabilizes on established ART and fracture data are limited. METHODS: We measured time to first new fracture at any site with median follow-up of 5.4 years in 2391 (1728 HIV-infected, 663 HIV-uninfected) participants in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). Self-report of fracture was recorded at semiannual visits. Proportional hazard models assessed predictors of incident fracture. RESULTS: At baseline, HIV-infected women were older (40 +/- 9 vs. 36 +/- 10 years, P < 0.0001), more likely to report postmenopausal status and be hepatitis C virus-infected, and weighed less than HIV-uninfected women. Among HIV-infected women, mean CD4(+) cell count was 482 cells/mul; 66% were taking ART. Unadjusted incidence of fracture did not differ between HIV-infected and uninfected women (1.8 vs. 1.4/100 person
10.1097/QAD.0b013e32833f6294
20859192
PMC3108019
Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Bone Density CD4 Lymphocyte Count Female Fractures, Bone/epidemiology/etiology/*physiopathology HIV Infections/complications/*drug therapy/epidemiology HIV-1/*physiology Humans Incidence Premenopause/*physiology Prospective Studies Risk Factors
Yin MT, Shi Q, Hoover DR, Anastos K, Sharma A, Young M, Levine A, Cohen MH, Shane E, Golub ET, Tien PC (2010). Fracture incidence in HIV-infected women: results from the Women's Interagency HIV Study. AIDS, 24(17), 2679-86. PMC3108019
Journal Article
The relationship between antibody to R7V and progression of HIV type 1 infection
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2010
Apr-10
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20415637
The presence of antibody to R7V (anti-R7VAb), a seven-amino acid sequence derived from beta(2)-microglobulin incorporated into HIV-1 virions from the surface of infected cells, has been proposed as an early marker of nonprogressive HIV-1 infection. The present study was undertaken because no prospective studies have tested this hypothesis. Stored samples collected prospectively from 361 HIV-1 seroconverting men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (0.44-1.53 years after seroconversion) were assayed for the presence or absence of anti-R7VAb, using a standardized ELISA. Using Cox proportional hazards models, crude and adjusted relative hazards (RH) were determined for the following outcomes: (a) clinically defined AIDS, (b) clinically defined AIDS or CD4 T cell count of <200 cells/microl, and (c) death. A total of 143 (39.6%) men had early anti-R7VAb and 218 (60.4%) did not; 192 (53.2%) developed AIDS. At the visit tested, men with anti-R7VAb had significantly lower CD4 T cell counts and
10.1089/aid.2009.0101
20415637
PMC2933163
AIDS Alleles Antibodies antibody antiretroviral therapy Baltimore CD4 Cell Count cells cohort Cohort Studies cohort study death Disease ELISA health Hiv Hiv-1 HIV-1 infection immunology infection marker Maryland microbiology model multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study outcome progression Proportional Hazards Models Prospective Studies Public Health research Risk seroconversion study support t cell therapies therapy Viral Load Virion
Margolick JB, Da Costa Castro JM, Sanchez A, Gemrot F, Phair JP, Jamieson BD, Rinaldo CR, Jacobson LP (2010). The relationship between antibody to R7V and progression of HIV type 1 infection. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 26(4), 389-394. PMC2933163
Journal Article
CD4 count at presentation for HIV care in the United States and Canada: are those over 50 years more likely to have a delayed presentation?
AIDS Res Ther
2010
15-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21159161
We assessed CD4 count at initial presentation for HIV care among >/=50-year-olds from 1997-2007 in 13 US and Canadian clinical cohorts and compared to <50-year-olds. 44,491 HIV-infected individuals in the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD) were included in our study. Trends in mean CD4 count (measured as cells/mm(3)) and 95% confidence intervals ([,]) were determined using linear regression stratified by age category and adjusted for gender, race/ethnicity, HIV transmission risk and cohort. From 1997-2007, the proportion of individuals presenting for HIV care who were >/=50-years-old increased from 17% to 27% (p-value < 0.01). The median CD4 count among >/=50 year-olds was consistently lower than younger adults. The interaction of age group and calendar year was significant (p-value <0.01) with both age groups experiencing modest annual improvements over time (< 50-year-olds: 5 [4 , 6] cells/mm3; >/=50-year-olds: 7 [5 , 9] cells/mm(3)), after ad
10.1186/1742-6405-7-45
21159161
PMC3022663
Althoff KN, Gebo KA, Gange SJ, Klein MB, Brooks JT, Hogg RS, Bosch RJ, Horberg MA, Saag MS, Kitahata MM, Eron JJ, Napravnik S, Rourke SB, Gill MJ, Rodriguez B, Sterling TR, Deeks SG, Martin JN, Jacobson LP, Kirk GD, Collier AC, Benson CA, Silverberg MJ, Goedert JJ, McKaig RG, Thorne J, Rachlis A, Moore RD, Justice AC; North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (2010). CD4 count at presentation for HIV care in the United States and Canada: are those over 50 years more likely to have a delayed presentation?. AIDS Res Ther, 7(), 45. PMC3022663
Journal Article
Lipoprotein levels and cardiovascular risk in HIV-infected and uninfected Rwandan women
AIDS Res Ther
2010
26-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20796311
BACKGROUND: Lipoprotein profiles in HIV-infected African women have not been well described. We assessed associations of lipoprotein levels and cardiovascular risk with HIV-infection and CD4 count in Rwandan women. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of 824 (218 HIV-negative, 606 HIV+) Rwandan women. Body composition by body impedance analysis, CD4 count, and fasting serum total cholesterol (total-C), triglycerides (TG) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were measured. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was calculated from Friedewald equation if TG < 400 and measured directly if TG >/= 400 mg/dl. RESULTS: BMI was similar in HIV+ and -negative women, < 1% were diabetic, and HIV+ women were younger. In multivariate models LDL was not associated with HIV-serostatus. HDL was lower in HIV+ women (44 vs. 54 mg/dL, p < 0.0001) with no significant difference by CD4 count (p = 0.13). HIV serostatus (p = 0.005) and among HIV+ women lower CD4 count (p = 0.04) were associated with higher TG. BMI was
10.1186/1742-6405-7-34
20796311
PMC2940781
Anastos K, Ndamage F, Lu D, Cohen MH, Shi Q, Lazar J, Bigirimana V, Mutimura E (2010). Lipoprotein levels and cardiovascular risk in HIV-infected and uninfected Rwandan women. AIDS Res Ther, 7(), 34. PMC2940781
Journal Article
Identifying individuals with virologic failure after initiating effective antiretroviral therapy: The surprising value of mean corpuscular hemoglobin in a cross-sectional study
AIDS Res Ther
2010
23-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20653950
OBJECTIVE: Recent studies have shown that the current guidelines suggesting immunologic monitoring to determine response to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) are inadequate. We assessed whether routinely collected clinical markers could improve prediction of concurrent HIV RNA levels. METHODS: We included individuals followed within the Johns Hopkins HIV Clinical Cohort who initiated antiretroviral therapy and had concurrent HIV RNA and biomarker measurements >/=4 months after HAART. A two tiered approach to determine whether clinical markers could improve prediction included: 1) identification of predictors of HIV RNA levels >500 copies/ml and 2) construction and validation of a prediction model. RESULTS: Three markers (mean corpuscular hemoglobin [MCH], CD4, and change in percent CD4 from pre-HAART levels) in addition to the change in MCH from pre-HAART levels contained the most predictive information for identifying an HIV RNA >500 copies/ml. However, MCH and change in MC
10.1186/1742-6405-7-25
20653950
PMC2922076
Lau B, Chander G, Gange SJ, Moore RD (2010). Identifying individuals with virologic failure after initiating effective antiretroviral therapy: The surprising value of mean corpuscular hemoglobin in a cross-sectional study. AIDS Res Ther, 7(), 25. PMC2922076
Journal Article
The identification of unique serum proteins of HIV-1 latently infected long-term non-progressor patients
AIDS Res Ther
2010
6-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20604950
BACKGROUND: The search for disease biomarkers within human peripheral fluids has become a favorable approach to preventative therapeutics throughout the past few years. The comparison of normal versus disease states can identify an overexpression or a suppression of critical proteins where illness has directly altered a patient's cellular homeostasis. In particular, the analysis of HIV-1 infected serum is an attractive medium with which to identify altered protein expression due to the ease and non-invasive methods of collecting samples as well as the corresponding insight into the in vivo interaction of the virus with infected cells/tissue. The utilization of proteomic techniques to globally identify differentially expressed serum proteins in response to HIV-1 infection is a significant undertaking that is complicated due to the innate protein profile of human serum. RESULTS: Here, the depletion of 12 of the most abundant serum proteins, followed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis
10.1186/1742-6405-7-21
20604950
PMC2908552
Van Duyne R, Guendel I, Kehn-Hall K, Easley R, Klase Z, Liu C, Young M, Kashanchi F (2010). The identification of unique serum proteins of HIV-1 latently infected long-term non-progressor patients. AIDS Res Ther, 7(), 21. PMC2908552
Journal Article
Expression and Function of the Chemokine, CXCL13, and Its Receptor, CXCR5, in Aids-Associated Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
AIDS Res Treat
2010
2010
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21490903
Background. The homeostatic chemokine, CXCL13 (BLC, BCA-1), helps direct the recirculation of mature, resting B cells, which express its receptor, CXCR5. CXCL13/CXCR5 are expressed, and may play a role, in some non-AIDS-associated B cell tumors. Objective. To determine if CXCL13/CXCR5 are associated with AIDS-related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (AIDS-NHL). Methods. Serum CXCL13 levels were measured by ELISA in 46 subjects who developed AIDS-NHL in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and in controls. The expression or function of CXCL13 and CXCR5 was examined on primary AIDS-NHL specimens or AIDS-NHL cell lines. Results. Serum CXCL13 levels were significantly elevated in the AIDS-NHL group compared to controls. All primary AIDS-NHL specimens showed CXCR5 expression and most also showed CXCL13 expression. AIDS-NHL cell lines expressed CXCR5 and showed chemotaxis towards CXCL13. Conclusions. CXCL13/CXCR5 are expressed in AIDS-NHL and could potentially be involved in its biology. CXCL13 may have
10.1155/2010/164586
21490903
PMC3065842
AIDS AIDS-related B cells biology Cell Line cells cohort Cohort Studies cohort study control ELISA lymphoma methods multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Role sera study tumors
Widney DP, Gui D, Popoviciu LM, Said JW, Breen EC, Huang X, Kitchen CM, Alcantar JM, Smith JB, Detels R, Martínez-Maza O (2010). Expression and Function of the Chemokine, CXCL13, and Its Receptor, CXCR5, in Aids-Associated Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma. AIDS Res Treat, 2010(), 164586. PMC3065842
Journal Article
Using marginal structural measurement-error models to estimate the long-term effect of antiretroviral therapy on incident AIDS or death
Am J Epidemiol
2010
1-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19934191
To estimate the net effect of imperfectly measured highly active antiretroviral therapy on incident acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or death, the authors combined inverse probability-of-treatment-and-censoring weighted estimation of a marginal structural Cox model with regression-calibration methods. Between 1995 and 2007, 950 human immunodeficiency virus-positive men and women were followed in 2 US cohort studies. During 4,054 person-years, 374 initiated highly active antiretroviral therapy, 211 developed acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or died, and 173 dropped out. Accounting for measured confounders and determinants of dropout, the weighted hazard ratio for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or death comparing use of highly active antiretroviral therapy in the prior 2 years with no therapy was 0.36 (95% confidence limits: 0.21, 0.61). This association was relatively constant over follow-up (P = 0.19) and stronger than crude or adjusted hazard ratios of 0.75 and 0.95, respectiv
10.1093/aje/kwp329
19934191
PMC2800300
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*drug therapy/epidemiology/mortality Adult Anti-Retroviral Agents/economics/*therapeutic use Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*statistics & numerical data Bias Cohort Studies Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic Female HIV Infections/drug therapy Humans Logistic Models Male Middle Aged Models, Statistical Multicenter Studies as Topic North Carolina/epidemiology Pharmacoepidemiology Proportional Hazards Models Regression Analysis Statistics as Topic United States/epidemiology
Cole SR, Jacobson LP, Tien PC, Kingsley L, Chmiel JS, Anastos K (2010). Using marginal structural measurement-error models to estimate the long-term effect of antiretroviral therapy on incident AIDS or death. Am J Epidemiol, 171(1), 113-22. PMC2800300
Journal Article
Copy-years viremia as a measure of cumulative human immunodeficiency virus viral burden
Am J Epidemiol
2010
15-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20007202
Plasma human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) viral load is a valuable tool for HIV research and clinical care but is often used in a noncumulative manner. The authors developed copy-years viremia as a measure of cumulative plasma HIV-1 viral load exposure among 297 HIV seroconverters from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (1984-1996). Men were followed from seroconversion to incident acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), death, or the beginning of the combination antiretroviral therapy era (January 1, 1996); the median duration of follow-up was 4.6 years (interquartile range (IQR), 2.7-6.5). The median viral load and level of copy-years viremia over 2,281 semiannual follow-up assessments were 29,628 copies/mL (IQR, 8,547-80,210) and 63,659 copies x years/mL (IQR, 15,935-180,341). A total of 127 men developed AIDS or died, and 170 survived AIDS-free and were censored on January 1, 1996, or lost to follow-up. Rank correlations between copy-years viremia and other measures of v
10.1093/aje/kwp347
20007202
PMC2878100
Adult HIV Infections/*blood *hiv-1 Humans Male *Viral Load Viremia/*blood
Cole SR, Napravnik S, Mugavero MJ, Lau B, Eron JJ Jr, Saag MS (2010). Copy-years viremia as a measure of cumulative human immunodeficiency virus viral burden. Am J Epidemiol, 171(2), 198-205. PMC2878100
Journal Article
Time scale and adjusted survival curves for marginal structural cox models
Am J Epidemiol
2010
15-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20139124
Typical applications of marginal structural time-to-event (e.g., Cox) models have used time on study as the time scale. Here, the authors illustrate use of time on treatment as an alternative time scale. In addition, a method is provided for estimating Kaplan-Meier-type survival curves for marginal structural models. For illustration, the authors estimate the total effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on time to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or death in 1,498 US men and women infected with human immunodeficiency virus and followed for 6,556 person-years between 1995 and 2002; 323 incident cases of clinical AIDS and 59 deaths occurred. Of the remaining 1,116 participants, 77% were still under observation at the end of follow-up. By using time on study, the hazard ratio for AIDS or death comparing always with never using highly active antiretroviral therapy from the marginal structural model was 0.52 (95% confidence interval: 0.35, 0.76). By using time on treatment,
10.1093/aje/kwp418
20139124
PMC2877453
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy/epidemiology Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Bias *Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic *Data Interpretation, Statistical Disease Progression Female HIV Infections/drug therapy/epidemiology Humans Kaplan-Meier Estimate Male Middle Aged Proportional Hazards Models *Survival Analysis Time Factors United States/epidemiology Young Adult
Westreich D, Cole SR, Tien PC, Chmiel JS, Kingsley L, Funk MJ, Anastos K, Jacobson LP (2010). Time scale and adjusted survival curves for marginal structural cox models. Am J Epidemiol, 171(6), 691-700. PMC2877453
Journal Article
Hematological predictors of increased severe anemia in Kenyan children coinfected with Plasmodium falciparum and HIV-1
Am J Hematol
2010
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20196168
Malaria and HIV-1 are coendemic in many developing countries, with anemia being the most common pediatric hematological manifestation of each disease. Anemia is also one of the primary causes of mortality in children monoinfected with either malaria or HIV-1. Although our previous results showed HIV-1(+) children with acute Plasmodium falciparum malaria [Pf(+)] have more profound anemia, potential causes of severe anemia in coinfected children remain unknown. As such, children with P. falciparum malaria (aged 3-36 months, n = 542) from a holoendemic malaria transmission area of western Kenya were stratified into three groups: HIV-1 negative [HIV-1(-)/Pf(+)]; HIV-1 exposed [HIV-1(exp)/Pf(+)]; and HIV-1 infected [HIV-1(+)/Pf(+)]. Comprehensive clinical, parasitological, and hematological measures were determined upon enrollment. Univariate, correlational, and hierarchical regression analyses were used to determine differences among the groups and to define predictors of worsening anemia.
10.1002/ajh.21653
20196168
PMC3095458
Acute Disease Aging Anemia/epidemiology/*etiology Biomarkers/blood Child, Preschool Disease Progression Female HIV Infections/blood/*complications/mortality HIV-1/isolation & purification Hematologic Tests Hemeproteins/*analysis Hemoglobins/analysis Humans Infant Kenya/epidemiology Leukocyte Count Malaria, Falciparum/blood/*complications Male *Monocytes/chemistry Neutrophils/*chemistry Plasmodium falciparum/isolation & purification Severity of Illness Index Statistics as Topic
Davenport GC, Ouma C, Hittner JB, Were T, Ouma Y, Ong'echa JM, Perkins DJ (2010). Hematological predictors of increased severe anemia in Kenyan children coinfected with Plasmodium falciparum and HIV-1. Am J Hematol, 85(4), 227-33. PMC3095458
Journal Article
NIHMS277616
Association of race, substance abuse, and health insurance coverage with use of highly active antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected women, 2005
Am J Public Health
2010
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19910347
OBJECTIVES: We examined racial/ethnic disparities in highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) use and whether differences are moderated by substance use or insurance status, using data from the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). METHODS: Logistic regression examined HAART use in a longitudinal cohort of women for whom HAART was clinically indicated in 2005 (N = 1354). RESULTS: Approximately 3 of every 10 eligible women reported not taking HAART. African American and Hispanic women were less likely than were White women to use HAART. After we adjusted for potential confounders, the higher likelihood of not using HAART persisted for African American but not for Hispanic women. Uninsured and privately insured women, regardless of race/ethnicity, were less likely than were Medicaid enrollees to use HAART. Although alcohol use was related to HAART nonuse, illicit drug use was not. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that expanding and improving insurance coverage should increase acce
10.2105/AJPH.2008.158949
19910347
PMC2901300
Adult African Americans/ethnology *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/economics/statistics & numerical data Cross-Sectional Studies European Continental Ancestry Group/ethnology Female Follow-Up Studies *HIV Infections/complications/drug therapy/ethnology Health Care Surveys Health Services Accessibility Healthcare Disparities Hispanic Americans/ethnology Humans Insurance Coverage/economics Insurance, Health/*economics Logistic Models Medicaid/statistics & numerical data Medically Uninsured/statistics & numerical data Medication Adherence/*ethnology/statistics & numerical data Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis Socioeconomic Factors Substance-Related Disorders/complications/*ethnology United States/epidemiology
Lillie-Blanton M, Stone VE, Snow Jones A, Levi J, Golub ET, Cohen MH, Hessol NA, Wilson TE (2010). Association of race, substance abuse, and health insurance coverage with use of highly active antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected women, 2005. Am J Public Health, 100(8), 1493-9. PMC2901300
Journal Article
Anthropometry in the prediction of sleep disordered breathing in HIV-positive and HIV-negative men
Antivir Ther
2010
2010
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20587858
BACKGROUND: Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and neck circumference (NC) are important screening tools for sleep disordered breathing (SDB); however, the utility of anthropometry for this purpose has not been evaluated among HIV-positive patients. METHODS: HIV-negative men (n=60), HIV-positive men receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HIV-positive/HAART; n=58) and HIV-positive men not receiving HAART (HIV-positive/no HAART; n=41) from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study underwent a nocturnal sleep study and anthropomorphic assessment. Moderate-severe SDB was defined as an apnea/hypopnea event rate > or =15 episodes/h. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to compare the ability of different anthropometric measurements to predict SDB within each group. RESULTS: Moderate-severe SDB was found in 48% of men (HIV-negative [57%], HIV-positive/HAART [41%] and HIV-positive/no HAART [44%]). The performance of BMI, WC and NC to predict SDB was excellent
10.3851/IMP1572
20587858
PMC2946343
Adult Anthropometry/*methods Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Body Composition/physiology Body Fat Distribution Body Mass Index Cohort Studies HIV Infections/*complications/drug therapy HIV Seronegativity/*physiology Humans Male Middle Aged Predictive Value of Tests Sleep Apnea Syndromes/complications/*diagnosis/epidemiology Waist Circumference Waist-Hip Ratio
Brown TT, Patil SP, Jacobson LP, Margolick JB, Laffan AM, Godfrey RJ, Johnson JR, Johnson-Hill LM, Reynolds SM, Schwartz AR, Smith PL (2010). Anthropometry in the prediction of sleep disordered breathing in HIV-positive and HIV-negative men. Antivir Ther, 15(4), 651-9. PMC2946343
Journal Article
Glycated haemoglobin in diabetic women with and without HIV infection: data from the Women's Interagency HIV Study
Antivir Ther
2010
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20587850
BACKGROUND: Limited data suggest that glycated haemoglobin (haemoglobin A1c; A1C) values might not reflect glycaemic control accurately in HIV-infected individuals with diabetes. METHODS: We evaluated repeated measures of paired fasting glucose and A1C values in 315 HIV-infected and 109 HIV-uninfected diabetic participants in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Generalized estimating equations used log A1C as the outcome variable, with adjustment for log fasting glucose concentration in all models. RESULTS: An HIV-infected woman on average had 0.9868 times as much A1C (that is, 1.32% lower; 95% confidence interval 0.9734-0.9904) as an HIV-uninfected woman with the same log fasting glucose concentration. In multivariate analyses, HIV serostatus was not associated, but White, other non-Black race, and higher red blood cell mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were statistically associated with lower A1C values. Use of diabetic medication was associated with higher A1C values. In multivariate ana
10.3851/IMP1557
20587850
PMC2943237
Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Blood Glucose/*analysis CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Diabetes Mellitus/*drug therapy/metabolism Female Glycated Hemoglobin A/*analysis HIV Infections/*complications/drug therapy/virology HIV-1/drug effects Humans Middle Aged
Glesby MJ, Hoover DR, Shi Q, Danoff A, Howard A, Tien P, Merenstein D, Cohen M, Golub E, Dehovitz J, Nowicki M, Anastos K (2010). Glycated haemoglobin in diabetic women with and without HIV infection: data from the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Antivir Ther, 15(4), 571-7. PMC2943237
Journal Article
Psychological Sequelae of Avoiding HIV-Serostatus Information
Basic and Applied Social Psychology
2010
Jun
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1207/S15324834BA210201
The psychological sequelae of choosing to learn or not to learn one's HIV serostatus were examined in a group of 224 men who had been tested for HIV. Correlates of this avoidance were measured (a) when both groups had been tested and given the opportunity to receive the test results, and (b) after the group that initially chose to avoid HIV-serostatus information had learned their test results (and an equivalent time point for those who had already learned their HIV serostatus). Results indicate that those who kept themselves unaware of their serostatus had AIDS-related worries and concerns significantly higher than individuals aware that they were HIV seronegative and equivalent to individuals aware that they were HIV seropositive, at the first time point. Thus, unaware seronegative men suffered unnecessary worries and concerns. Both HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative men who were initially unaware showed a decline in mood disturbance on learning their HIV status. These findings su
10.1207/s15324834ba210201
longitudinal analysis antibody-test coping style stress impact resistance outcomes illness return adults
Terri D. Conley, Shelley E. Taylor, Margaret E. Kemeny, Steve W. Cole, Barbara Visscher (2010). Psychological Sequelae of Avoiding HIV-Serostatus Information. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 21(2), 81-90.
Journal Article
Accounting for multiple comparisons in a genome-wide association study (GWAS)
BMC Genomics
2010
22-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21176216
BACKGROUND: As we enter an era when testing millions of SNPs in a single gene association study will become the standard, consideration of multiple comparisons is an essential part of determining statistical significance. Bonferroni adjustments can be made but are conservative due to the preponderance of linkage disequilibrium (LD) between genetic markers, and permutation testing is not always a viable option. Three major classes of corrections have been proposed to correct the dependent nature of genetic data in Bonferroni adjustments: permutation testing and related alternatives, principal components analysis (PCA), and analysis of blocks of LD across the genome. We consider seven implementations of these commonly used methods using data from 1514 European American participants genotyped for 700,078 SNPs in a GWAS for AIDS. RESULTS: A Bonferroni correction using the number of LD blocks found by the three algorithms implemented by Haploview resulted in an insufficiently conservative t
10.1186/1471-2164-11-724
21176216
PMC3023815
Case-Control Studies Databases, Genetic Genome-Wide Association Study/*methods Haplotypes/genetics Humans Linkage Disequilibrium/genetics Principal Component Analysis Time Factors
Johnson RC, Nelson GW, Troyer JL, Lautenberger JA, Kessing BD, Winkler CA, O'Brien SJ (2010). Accounting for multiple comparisons in a genome-wide association study (GWAS). BMC Genomics, 11(1), 724. PMC3023815
Journal Article
Cancer incidence in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study before and during the HAART era: 1984 to 2007
Cancer
2010
12/1/2010
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20672354
BACKGROUND: The incidence of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals declined after the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in the mid-1990s, but the cancer risk associated with HIV infection during the HAART era remains to be clarified. METHODS: Cancer incidence among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected participants in the Multicenter AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) Cohort Study (MACS) between 1984 and 2007 was compared with the expected incidence using US population-based data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program. Age- and race-adjusted cancer incidence rates were also compared HIV by status and over time within the MACS. Exact statistical methods were used for all analyses. RESULTS: A total of 933 incident cancers were observed during 77,320 person-years of follow-up. Compared with SEER, MACS HIV-infected men had significantly (P<.05) elevated rates
10.1002/cncr.25530
20672354
PMC2991510
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome age AIDS antiretroviral therapy Baltimore cancer cohort Cohort Studies cohort study epidemiology follow-up HAART health Hiv HIV infection Human human immunodeficiency virus immunodeficiency Incidence infection KS lymphoma MACS Maryland methods multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study population Public Health research Risk screening sex statistical study support therapies therapy Time virus
Seaberg EC, Wiley D, Martínez-Maza O, Chmiel JS, Kingsley L, Tang Y, Margolick JB, Jacobson LP; Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) (2010). Cancer incidence in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study before and during the HAART era: 1984 to 2007. Cancer, 116(23), 5507-5516. PMC2991510
Journal Article
Marijuana use is not associated with cervical human papillomavirus natural history or cervical neoplasia in HIV-seropositive or HIV-seronegative women
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
2010
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20160270
Marijuana use was recently reported to have a positive cross-sectional association with human papillomavirus (HPV)-related head and neck cancer. Laboratory data suggest that marijuana could have an immunomodulatory effect. Little is known, however, regarding the effects of marijuana use on cervical HPV or neoplasia. Therefore, we studied the natural history (i.e., prevalence, incident detection, clearance/persistence) of cervical HPV and cervical neoplasia (i.e., squamous intraepithelial lesions; SIL) in a large prospective cohort of 2,584 HIV-seropositive and 915 HIV-seronegative women. Marijuana use was classified as ever/never, current/not current, and by frequency and duration of use. No positive associations were observed between use of marijuana, and either cervical HPV infection or SIL. The findings were similar among HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative women, and in tobacco smokers and nonsmokers. These data suggest that marijuana use does not increase the burden of cervical
10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-09-1053
20160270
PMC2874245
Cohort Studies Female HIV Seropositivity/complications/*epidemiology Humans Marijuana Smoking/*adverse effects Papillomavirus Infections/complications/*epidemiology Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/complications/*epidemiology/virology
D'Souza G, Palefsky JM, Zhong Y, Minkoff H, Massad LS, Anastos K, Levine AM, Moxley M, Xue XN, Burk RD, Strickler HD (2010). Marijuana use is not associated with cervical human papillomavirus natural history or cervical neoplasia in HIV-seropositive or HIV-seronegative women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 19(3), 869-72. PMC2874245
Journal Article
Reduced risk of prostate cancer in U.S. Men with AIDS
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
2010
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20837717
BACKGROUND: Previous studies describe decreased prostate cancer risk in HIV-infected men. In the United States, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening is common and increases the detection of prostate cancer. We evaluated whether the prostate cancer deficit among men with AIDS reflects differential PSA screening. METHODS: Data from the U.S. HIV/AIDS Cancer Match Study were used to calculate standardized incidence ratios (SIR) for prostate cancer, comparing men with AIDS (N = 287,247) to the general population. Furthermore, we estimated PSA testing rates in the Johns Hopkins HIV Clinical Cohort. RESULTS: Prostate cancer rates increased over time in the general population and, beginning in the 1990s, were consistently higher than among men with AIDS. Men with AIDS had the same prostate cancer risk as the general population in the pre-PSA era (<1992, SIR = 1.00), but significantly reduced risk during the PSA era overall (1992-2007, SIR = 0.50) and across age, race, HIV risk group, anti
10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-10-0741
20837717
PMC2976800
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*complications Adult Aged Cohort Studies Early Detection of Cancer/*statistics & numerical data Humans Incidence Male Mass Screening/*statistics & numerical data Middle Aged Prostate-Specific Antigen/*blood Prostatic Neoplasms/*epidemiology/*virology Risk Factors United States/epidemiology
Shiels MS, Goedert JJ, Moore RD, Platz EA, Engels EA (2010). Reduced risk of prostate cancer in U.S. Men with AIDS. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 19(11), 2910-5. PMC2976800
Journal Article
NIHMS231487
Marginal and mixed-effects models in the analysis of human papillomavirus natural history data
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
2010
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20056635
Human papillomavirus (HPV) natural history has several characteristics that, at least from a statistical perspective, are not often encountered elsewhere in infectious disease and cancer research. There are, for example, multiple HPV types, and infection by each HPV type may be considered separate events. Although concurrent infections are common, the prevalence, incidence, and duration/persistence of each individual HPV can be separately measured. However, repeated measures involving the same subject tend to be correlated. The probability of detecting any given HPV type, for example, is greater among individuals who are currently positive for at least one other HPV type. Serial testing for HPV over time represents a second form of repeated measures. Statistical inferences that fail to take these correlations into account would be invalid. However, methods that do not use all the data would be inefficient. Marginal and mixed-effects models can address these issues but are not frequentl
10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-09-0546
20056635
PMC2839537
DNA, Viral/analysis Female Humans *Models, Statistical *Papillomaviridae Papillomavirus Infections/*epidemiology/*virology Polymerase Chain Reaction Prevalence Risk Factors Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/virology Vaginal Smears
Xue X, Gange SJ, Zhong Y, Burk RD, Minkoff H, Massad LS, Watts DH, Kuniholm MH, Anastos K, Levine AM, Fazzari M, D'Souza G, Plankey M, Palefsky JM, Strickler HD (2010). Marginal and mixed-effects models in the analysis of human papillomavirus natural history data. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 19(1), 159-69. PMC2839537
Journal Article
Late presentation for human immunodeficiency virus care in the United States and Canada
Clin Infect Dis
2010
1-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20415573
BACKGROUND. Initiatives to improve early detection and access to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) services have increased over time. We assessed the immune status of patients at initial presentation for HIV care from 1997 to 2007 in 13 US and Canadian clinical cohorts. METHODS. We analyzed data from 44,491 HIV-infected patients enrolled in the North American-AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design. We identified first presentation for HIV care as the time of first CD4(+) T lymphocyte (CD4) count and excluded patients who prior to this date had HIV RNA measurements, evidence of antiretroviral exposure, or a history of AIDS-defining illness. Trends in mean CD4 count (measured as cells/mm(3)) and 95% confidence intervals were determined using linear regression adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, HIV transmission risk, and cohort. RESULTS. Median age at first presentation for HIV care increased over time (range, 40-43 years; P < .01), whereas the percentage of patients with i
10.1086/652650
20415573
PMC2862849
Adult CD4 Lymphocyte Count Canada Delayed Diagnosis/*statistics & numerical data Female HIV Infections/*diagnosis Humans Male Middle Aged United States
Althoff KN, Gange SJ, Klein MB, Brooks JT, Hogg RS, Bosch RJ, Horberg MA, Saag MS, Kitahata MM, Justice AC, Gebo KA, Eron JJ, Rourke SB, Gill MJ, Rodriguez B, Sterling TR, Calzavara LM, Deeks SG, Martin JN, Rachlis AR, Napravnik S, Jacobson LP, Kirk GD, Collier AC, Benson CA, Silverberg MJ, Kushel M, Goedert JJ, McKaig RG, Van Rompaey SE, Zhang J, Moore RD (2010). Late presentation for human immunodeficiency virus care in the United States and Canada. Clin Infect Dis, 50(11), 1512-20. PMC2862849
Journal Article
NIHMS185726
Monofunctional and polyfunctional CD8+ T cell responses to human herpesvirus 8 lytic and latency proteins
Clin Vaccine Immunol
2010
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20719985
Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is the etiological agent of Kaposi's sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma, and multicentric Castleman's disease. It is postulated that CD8(+) T cell responses play an important role in controlling HHV-8 infection and preventing development of disease. In this study, we investigated monofunctional and polyfunctional CD8(+) T cell responses to HHV-8 lytic proteins gB (glycoprotein B) and K8.1 and latency proteins LANA-1 (latency-associated nuclear antigen-1) and K12. On the basis of our previous findings that dendritic cells (DC) reveal major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I epitopes in gB, we used a DC-based system to identify 2 novel epitopes in gB, 2 in K8.1, 5 in LANA-1, and 1 in K12. These new HHV-8 epitopes activated monofunctional and polyfunctional CD8(+) T cells that produced various combinations of gamma interferon, interleukin 2, tumor necrosis factor alpha, macrophage inhibitory protein 1beta, and cytotoxic degranulation marker CD107a in heal
10.1128/CVI.00189-10
20719985
PMC2952991
Antigens, Viral/*immunology CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology Cytokines/metabolism Epitope Mapping Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology Glycoproteins/*immunology Humans Nuclear Proteins/*immunology Viral Envelope Proteins/*immunology Viral Proteins/*immunology
Lepone L, Rappocciolo G, Knowlton E, Jais M, Piazza P, Jenkins FJ, Rinaldo CR (2010). Monofunctional and polyfunctional CD8+ T cell responses to human herpesvirus 8 lytic and latency proteins. Clin Vaccine Immunol, 17(10), 1507-16. PMC2952991
Journal Article
Induction of SIV p27-specific multifunctional T cells in the gut following prime-boost immunization with Clostridium perfringens and adenovirus vaccines expressing SIV p27
Curr HIV Res
2010
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20163344
A vaccine-induced cellular immune response to simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in the gut mucosal tissue may prevent the establishment or severity of new SIV infection. An oral Clostridium perfringens expressing SIV p27 (Cp-p27) vaccine that delivers SIV p27 to the gut was evaluated for its ability to prime multifunctional cellular immunity in the gut mucosa. Gut Peyer's patches dendritic cells matured in response to in vitro exposure to Cp-p27 and stimulated production of p27-specific IFN-gamma. In mice, the oral vaccination with the Cp-p27 vaccine and systemic immunization with adenovirus expressing SIV p27 (Ad-p27) induced robust systemic and mucosal immune responses. Furthermore, the prime-boost regimen induced p27-specific multifunctional CD8+ T cells in the gut. These results indicate that priming gut tissue with Cp-p27 can enhance the gut mucosal cellular immune response generated via systemic immunization with Ad-p27.
10.2174/157016210790442759
20163344
Adenoviridae/*immunology Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology Animals Bacterial Vaccines/*immunology Clostridium perfringens/*immunology Cytokines/immunology Dendritic Cells/immunology Female Gene Products, gag/*immunology Immunity, Cellular/drug effects/immunology Intestinal Mucosa/*immunology Mice Mice, Inbred BALB C Recombinant Proteins/immunology T-Lymphocytes/*immunology Viral Vaccines/*immunology
Helmus RA, Poonam P, Caruso L, Gupta P, Chen Y (2010). Induction of SIV p27-specific multifunctional T cells in the gut following prime-boost immunization with Clostridium perfringens and adenovirus vaccines expressing SIV p27. Curr HIV Res, 8(2), 101-12.
Journal Article
Cancer biomarkers in HIV patients
Curr Opin HIV AIDS
2010
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20978397
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: In this review, we update investigations related to cancer biomarkers in HIV-infected populations. RECENT FINDINGS: CD4 lymphocyte count is associated with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), systemic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) (except perhaps for Burkitt lymphoma), Kaposi's sarcoma, cervical cancer, and anal cancer. HIV load is associated with Burkitt lymphoma and systemic NHL (but not PCNSL), with Kaposi's sarcoma and with anal cancer. CD40 ligand incorporated into the HIV envelope and expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase may help explain the relationship between HIV load and Burkitt lymphoma. Genetic polymorphisms have been identified that are linked to lymphoma in HIV patients. B-cell activation as manifest in immunoglobulin light chain production may be an important marker for NHL risk. Cytokines and related molecules (IL10, sCD30) may identify patients at high risk for NHL. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is u
10.1097/COH.0b013e32833f327e
20978397
PMC3055562
Biomarkers, Tumor/*blood/genetics CD4 Lymphocyte Count HIV Infections/*blood/complications/virology Humans Neoplasms/*blood/virology Viral Load
Ambinder RF, Bhatia K, Martinez-Maza O, Mitsuyasu R (2010). Cancer biomarkers in HIV patients. Curr Opin HIV AIDS, 5(6), 531-7. PMC3055562
Journal Article
Comparison of interlaboratory variation in absolute T-cell counts by single-platform and optimized dual-platform methods
Cytometry B Clin Cytom
2010
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19813263
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have reported that the adoption of a single-platform flow cytometry cell counting method resulted in lower interlaboratory variation in absolute T cell counts as compared to predicate dual-platform flow cytometry methods which incorporate independent automated lymphocyte counts (Schnizlein-Bick et al., Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2000;7:336-343; Reimann et al., Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2000;7:344-351). In the present study, we asked whether use of a single-platform method could reduce variation in absolute cell counts across the laboratories in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) (n = 4), as suggested by the studies cited. METHODS: Identical study samples were shipped overnight to the MACS laboratories either by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Division of AIDS Immunology Quality Assessment (NIAID- IQA) proficiency-testing program (n = 14), or by the Los Angeles site of the MACS (n = 10). For each sample, two tubes of blood were rece
10.1002/cyto.b.20500
19813263
PMC3086643
Cohort Studies Flow Cytometry/instrumentation/*methods/standards Humans *Laboratories/standards Lymphocyte Count/*methods/standards Reference Standards Reproducibility of Results
Hultin LE, Chow M, Jamieson BD, O'Gorman MR, Menendez FA, Borowski L, Denny TN, Margolick JB (2010). Comparison of interlaboratory variation in absolute T-cell counts by single-platform and optimized dual-platform methods. Cytometry B Clin Cytom, 78(3), 194-200. PMC3086643
Journal Article
Estimation of risk ratios in cohort studies with common outcomes: a Bayesian approach
Epidemiology
2010
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20844438
In cohort studies with common outcomes, the odds ratio estimated from a logistic regression analysis is often interpreted as an indirect estimate of the risk ratio. In such settings, the odds ratio will be farther from the null than the risk ratio. Direct and unbiased estimates of the risk ratio may be obtained from a log binomial model fit by maximum likelihood. When the maximum likelihood log binomial model fails to converge (as is common) or provides predicted probability estimates or upper confidence limits greater than 1.0, various approaches have been suggested, but each has drawbacks, as we describe. We propose a novel Bayesian approach for the estimation of the risk ratio from the log binomial model that addresses drawbacks of existing approaches. Posterior computation can be accomplished easily using the WinBUGs code provided.
10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181f2012b
20844438
Adolescent Adult *Bayes Theorem Cohort Studies HIV Infections/mortality/physiopathology/virology Humans Likelihood Functions Male Middle Aged *Risk Viral Load Young Adult
Chu H, Cole SR (2010). Estimation of risk ratios in cohort studies with common outcomes: a Bayesian approach. Epidemiology, 21(6), 855-62.
Journal Article
The effect of HAART on HIV RNA trajectory among treatment-naive men and women: a segmental Bernoulli/lognormal random effects model with left censoring
Epidemiology
2010
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20386106
BACKGROUND: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) rapidly suppresses human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viral replication and reduces circulating viral load, but the long-term effects of HAART on viral load remain unclear. METHODS: We evaluated HIV viral load trajectories over 8 years following HAART initiation in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and the Women's Interagency HIV Study. The study included 157 HIV-infected men and 199 HIV-infected women who were antiretroviral naive and contributed 1311 and 1837 semiannual person-visits post-HAART, respectively. To account for within-subject correlation and the high proportion of left-censored viral loads, we used a segmental Bernoulli/lognormal random effects model. RESULTS: Approximately 3 months (0.30 years for men and 0.22 years for women) after HAART initiation, HIV viral loads were optimally suppressed (ie, with very low HIV RNA) for 44% (95% confidence interval = 39%-49%) of men and 43% (38%-47%) of women, whereas the other
10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181ce9950
20386106
PMC3736572
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/pharmacology/*therapeutic use *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/statistics & numerical data Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/virology HIV-1/*drug effects/genetics Humans Male Middle Aged *Models, Statistical Prospective Studies RNA, Viral/drug effects Time Viral Load/*drug effects
Chu H, Gange SJ, Li X, Hoover DR, Liu C, Chmiel JS, Jacobson LP (2010). The effect of HAART on HIV RNA trajectory among treatment-naive men and women: a segmental Bernoulli/lognormal random effects model with left censoring. Epidemiology, 21 Suppl 4(), S25-34. PMC3736572
Journal Article
Linear regression with an independent variable subject to a detection limit
Epidemiology
2010
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21422965
BACKGROUND: Linear regression with a left-censored independent variable X due to limit of detection (LOD) was recently considered by 2 groups of researchers: Richardson and Ciampi (Am J Epidemiol. 2003;157:355-363), and Schisterman et al (Am J Epidemiol. 2006;163:374-383). METHODS: Both groups obtained consistent estimators for the regression slopes by replacing left-censored X with a constant, that is, the expectation of X given X below LOD E(X|X<LOD) in the former group and the sample mean of X given X above LOD in the latter. RESULTS: Schisterman et al argued that their approach would be a better choice because the sample mean of X given X above LOD is available, whereas E(X|X<LOD) is unknown. Other substitution methods, such as replacing the left-censored values with LOD, or LOD/2,have been extensively used in the literature. Simulations were conducted to compare the performance under 2 scenarios in which the independent variable is normally and not normally distributed. CONCLUSION
10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181ce97d8
21422965
PMC3265361
Computer Simulation Female Fertility/physiology Humans Likelihood Functions *Limit of Detection *Linear Models Monte Carlo Method Normal Distribution Oxidative Stress/physiology Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin/metabolism Statistics, Nonparametric
Nie L, Chu H, Liu C, Cole SR, Vexler A, Schisterman EF (2010). Linear regression with an independent variable subject to a detection limit. Epidemiology, 21 Suppl 4(), S17-24. PMC3265361
Journal Article
A novel human CD4+ T-cell inducer subset with potent immunostimulatory properties
Eur J Immunol
2010
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19877008
The complexity of immunoregulation has focused attention on the CD4+ T "suppressor" regulatory cell (Treg), which helps maintain balance between immunity and tolerance. An immunoregulatory T-cell population that upon activation amplifies cellular immune responses was described in murine models more than 30 years ago; however, no study has yet identified a naturally occurring T "inducer" cell type. Here, we report that the ectoenzyme CD39/NTPDase1 (ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1) helps to delineate a novel population of human "inducer" CD4+ T cells (Tind) that significantly increases the proliferation and cytokine production of responder T cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, this unique Tind subset produces a distinct repertoire of cytokines in comparison to the other CD4+ T-cell subsets. We propose that this novel CD4+ T-cell population counterbalances the suppressive activity of suppressor Treg in peripheral blood and serves as a calibrator of immunoregul
10.1002/eji.200939258
19877008
PMC2902274
Antigens, CD/*immunology Apyrase/*immunology CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology/*immunology Cell Proliferation Cytokines/biosynthesis/immunology Humans T-Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology/*immunology
Ndhlovu LC, Leal FE, Eccles-James IG, Jha AR, Lanteri M, Norris PJ, Barbour JD, Wachter DJ, Andersson J, Taskén K, Torheim EA, Aandahl EM, Kallas EG, Nixon DF (2010). A novel human CD4+ T-cell inducer subset with potent immunostimulatory properties. Eur J Immunol, 40(1), 134-41. PMC2902274
Journal Article
Knowledge of cervical cancer prevention and human papillomavirus among women with HIV
Gynecol Oncol
2010
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20106513
OBJECTIVE: To assess knowledge of and attitudes towards human papillomavirus (HPV), Pap testing, and the HPV vaccine. METHODS: In a multicenter U.S. cohort study, women with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and at-risk comparison women completed 44-item standardized self-report questionnaires exploring their knowledge of cervical cancer prevention, HPV, and HPV vaccination. Results were correlated with demographic variables, measures of education and attention, and medical factors. Data were clustered using principal component analysis. Significant associations were assessed in multivariable models. RESULTS: Among 1588 women, HIV seropositive women better understood facts about cervical cancer prevention and HPV than seronegative women, but both had substantial knowledge deficits. Almost all women considered Pap testing important, although 53% of HIV seropositive and 48% of seronegative women considered cervical cancer not preventable (P=0.21). Only 44% of HIV seropositive women
10.1016/j.ygyno.2009.12.030
20106513
PMC3100195
Adult Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/*complications/psychology/virology *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice Humans Middle Aged Papillomavirus Infections/*complications/psychology/virology Papillomavirus Vaccines/administration & dosage Patient Education as Topic Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/*prevention & control/psychology/*virology
Massad LS, Evans CT, Wilson TE, Goderre JL, Hessol NA, Henry D, Colie C, Strickler HD, Levine AM, Watts DH, Weber KM (2010). Knowledge of cervical cancer prevention and human papillomavirus among women with HIV. Gynecol Oncol, 117(1), 70-6. PMC3100195
Journal Article
An instrumental variables evaluation of the effect of antidepressant use on employment among HIV-infected women using antiretroviral therapy in the United States: 1996-2004
Health Econ
2010
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19253267
Depression is a common condition among patients with HIV. This paper uses panel data for 1234 participants from the Women's Interagency HIV Study to estimate the effect of antidepressant use on the likelihood of being employed among women receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in the United States from 1996 to 2004. We show that naive regressions of antidepressant use on employment generally result in negative or non-significant coefficients, whereas the instrumental variables (IVs) approach shows a positive and significant effect of antidepressant use on the employment probability of women living with HIV. We use IVs to predict antidepressant use independently of outcomes, thus addressing potential biases (e.g. more depressed women are more likely to receive antidepressant treatment, but they are also more likely to be unemployed). The results are consistent for linear (random and fixed effects) as well as non-linear (bivariate probit) specifications. Among women recei
10.1002/hec.1458
19253267
PMC2820145
Adolescent Adult Aged Antidepressive Agents/*therapeutic use *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Cohort Studies *Employment Female HIV Seropositivity/drug therapy/*psychology Humans Linear Models Middle Aged United States Young Adult
Galárraga O, Salkever DS, Cook JA, Gange SJ (2010). An instrumental variables evaluation of the effect of antidepressant use on employment among HIV-infected women using antiretroviral therapy in the United States: 1996-2004. Health Econ, 19(2), 173-88. PMC2820145
Journal Article
Specific human leukocyte antigen class I and II alleles associated with hepatitis C virus viremia
Hepatology
2010
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20169624
UNLABELLED: Studies of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles and their relation with hepatitis C virus (HCV) viremia have had conflicting results. However, these studies have varied in size and methods, and few large studies assessed HLA class I alleles. Only one study conducted high-resolution class I genotyping. The current investigation therefore involved high-resolution HLA class I and II genotyping of a large multiracial cohort of U.S. women with a high prevalence of HCV and HIV. Our primary analyses evaluated associations between 12 HLA alleles identified through a critical review of the literature and HCV viremia in 758 HCV-seropositive women. Other alleles with >5% prevalence were also assessed; previously unreported associations were corrected for multiple comparisons. DRB1*0101 (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.7; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1-2.6), B*5701 (PR=2.0; 95% CI = 1.0-3.1), B*5703 (PR = 1.7; 95% CI = 1.0-2.5), and Cw*0102 (PR = 1.9; 95% CI = 1.0-3.0) were associated w
10.1002/hep.23515
20169624
PMC2946382
Adult Alleles Cohort Studies Female Hepacivirus/immunology Hepatitis C/immunology/*virology Hepatitis C, Chronic/immunology/*virology Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/*genetics Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/*genetics Humans Middle Aged RNA, Viral/analysis Substance Abuse, Intravenous Viremia/*immunology
Kuniholm MH, Kovacs A, Gao X, Xue X, Marti D, Thio CL, Peters MG, Terrault NA, Greenblatt RM, Goedert JJ, Cohen MH, Minkoff H, Gange SJ, Anastos K, Fazzari M, Harris TG, Young MA, Strickler HD, Carrington M (2010). Specific human leukocyte antigen class I and II alleles associated with hepatitis C virus viremia. Hepatology, 51(5), 1514-22. PMC2946382
Journal Article
Hospitalization risk following initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy
HIV Med
2010
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20002778
OBJECTIVES: While highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) decreases long-term morbidity and mortality, its short-term effect on hospitalization rates is unknown. The primary objective of this study was to determine hospitalization rates over time in the year after HAART initiation for virological responders and nonresponders. METHODS: Hospitalizations among 1327 HAART-naive subjects in an urban HIV clinic in 1997-2007 were examined before and after HAART initiation. Hospitalization rates were stratified by virological responders (> or =1 log(10) decrease in HIV-1 RNA within 6 months after HAART initiation) and nonresponders. Causes were determined through International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision (ICD-9) codes and chart review. Multivariate negative binomial regression was used to assess factors associated with hospitalization. RESULTS: During the first 45 days after HAART initiation, the hospitalization rate of responders was similar to their pre-HAART baseline rate
10.1111/j.1468-1293.2009.00776.x
20002778
PMC3077939
Adolescent Adult *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active CD4 Lymphocyte Count Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/immunology/virology Hospitalization/*statistics & numerical data Humans Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome/epidemiology Male Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis *Outcome Assessment, Health Care RNA, Viral/blood Time Factors Urban Health Services/*statistics & numerical data Young Adult
Berry SA, Manabe YC, Moore RD, Gebo KA (2010). Hospitalization risk following initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy. HIV Med, 11(5), 289-98. PMC3077939
Journal Article
NIHMS262196
Regulatory T cells in HIV immunotherapy
HIV Ther
2010
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21461400
Significant research has been conducted on the role of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in HIV infection. To date, however, it is not clear whether Tregs play a detrimental role or a beneficial role in the pathogenesis of HIV infection. In fact, a number of immunotherapeutic strategies to control HIV infection have revealed a possible antagonistic role for Tregs. This necessitates investigating ways to counteract the suppressive function, such as through Treg depletion or blockade of specific Treg immunosuppressive mechanisms, without further increasing the cellular immune activation associated with chronic HIV infection. Simply applying Treg immunotherapeutic strategies used in diseases other than HIV may pose problems due to the complexity of HIV immunopathogenesis. Studies are therefore necessary to elucidate the different immunoregulatory networks in HIV infection in order to determine the specific cellular or molecular pathways that can be altered to boost the body's immune control of H
10.2217/hiv.10.51
21461400
PMC3065023
activation cells control Disease Hiv HIV infection HIV/AIDS immune immune activation Immunotherapy infection infectious diseases pathogenesis Pittsburgh research Role study t cell t-cells
Macatangay BJ, Rinaldo CR (2010). Regulatory T cells in HIV immunotherapy. HIV Ther, 4(6), 639-647. PMC3065023
Journal Article
HIV-associated immune dysfunction and viral infection: role in the pathogenesis of AIDS-related lymphoma
Immunol Res
2010
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20717742
HIV infection is associated with a much higher risk for the development of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (AIDS-NHL). The principal causes of lymphomagenesis in HIV-infected individuals are thought to be the loss of immune function seen in HIV infection, which results in the loss of immunoregulation of Epstein-Barr virus-infected B cells, as well as HIV infection-associated immune dysregulation, including chronic B-cell activation. In this review, we discuss recent reports that further support the importance of these factors, and we highlight emerging evidence of different mechanisms that potentially drive lymphomagenesis in HIV-infected individuals.
10.1007/s12026-010-8168-8
20717742
PMC3640300
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/complications/*immunology Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications/*immunology Animals B-Lymphocytes/*immunology Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Cell Transformation, Viral/immunology Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/complications/*immunology HIV/*immunology/pathogenicity Humans Immunocompromised Host Immunoglobulin Class Switching Immunosuppression Lymphocyte Activation Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/etiology/*immunology Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/etiology/*immunology
Epeldegui M, Vendrame E, Martínez-Maza O (2010). HIV-associated immune dysfunction and viral infection: role in the pathogenesis of AIDS-related lymphoma. Immunol Res, 48(3-Jan), 72-83. PMC3640300
Journal Article
Optimal dynamic regimes: presenting a case for predictive inference
Int J Biostat
2010
3-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20648215
Dynamic treatment regime is a decision rule in which the choice of the treatment of an individual at any given time can depend on the known past history of that individual, including baseline covariates, earlier treatments, and their measured responses. In this paper we argue that finding an optimal regime can, at least in moderately simple cases, be accomplished by a straightforward application of nonparametric Bayesian modeling and predictive inference. As an illustration we consider an inference problem in a subset of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) data set, studying the effect of AZT initiation on future CD4-cell counts during a 12-month follow-up.
10.2202/1557-4679.1204
20648215
PMC2904086
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage *Bayes Theorem CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies *Decision Making Humans Longitudinal Studies *Models, Statistical Multicenter Studies as Topic Time Factors *Treatment Outcome Zidovudine/administration & dosage Bayesian nonparametric regression causal inference dynamic programming monotonicity optimal dynamic regimes
Arjas E, Saarela O (2010). Optimal dynamic regimes: presenting a case for predictive inference. Int J Biostat, 6(2), Article 10. PMC2904086
Journal Article
Immunologic and virologic predictors of AIDS-related non-hodgkin lymphoma in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2010
1-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20418723
HIV-infected persons treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) continue to have elevated risk for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). We conducted a retrospective cohort study of NHL among patients at an urban HIV clinic (N = 3025). Proportional hazards models identified immunologic and virologic predictors of NHL. Sixty-five NHLs arose during 1989 to 2006. NHL incidence declined over time. Nonetheless, 51 NHLs (78%) occurred within the HAART era (1996-2006). NHL risk increased with declining CD4 count (P trend < 0.0001) and increasing HIV viral load (P trend = 0.005). In a multivariable model, NHL risk was independently associated with both current CD4 count (hazard ratios 7.7 and 3.8, respectively, for CD4 counts 0-99 and 100-249 vs. 250+ cells/mm(3); P trend < 0.0001) and prior time spent with a viral load above 5.00 log(10) copies/mL (hazard ratios of 3.4, 2.6, and 6.8, respectively, for 0.1-0.4, 0.5-1.4, and 1.5+ yr vs. 0 yr; P trend = 0.004). Although serum globulin level
10.1097/01.qai.0000371677.48743.8d
20418723
PMC3078556
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy/*immunology/*virology Adolescent Adult *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Female Humans Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/*diagnosis Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/*diagnosis Male Middle Aged Retrospective Studies Risk Factors Viral Load Young Adult
Engels EA, Pfeiffer RM, Landgren O, Moore RD (2010). Immunologic and virologic predictors of AIDS-related non-hodgkin lymphoma in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 54(1), 78-84. PMC3078556
Journal Article
NIHMS152223
The impact of kidney function at highly active antiretroviral therapy initiation on mortality in HIV-infected women
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2010
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20581688
BACKGROUND: In the early highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era, kidney dysfunction was strongly associated with death among HIV-infected individuals. We re-examined this association in the later HAART period to determine whether chronic kidney disease remains a predictor of death after HAART initiation. METHODS: To evaluate the effect of kidney function at the time of HAART initiation on time to all-cause mortality, we evaluated 1415 HIV-infected women initiating HAART in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Multivariable proportional hazards models with survival times calculated from HAART initiation to death were constructed; participants were censored at the time of the last available visit or December 31, 2006. RESULTS: Chronic kidney disease (estimated glomerular filtration rate less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m) at HAART initiation was associated with higher mortality risk adjusting for age, race, hepatitis C serostatus, AIDS history, and CD4 cell count (hazard ratio 2.23, 95%
10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181e674f4
20581688
PMC3243740
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active CD4 Lymphocyte Count Confidence Intervals Female Glomerular Filtration Rate HIV Infections/complications/drug therapy/*mortality Humans Kidney Failure, Chronic/*complications/mortality Kidney Function Tests/statistics & numerical data Proportional Hazards Models Risk Factors
Estrella MM, Parekh RS, Abraham A, Astor BC, Szczech LA, Anastos K, Dehovitz JA, Merenstein DJ, Pearce CL, Tien PC, Cohen MH, Gange SJ (2010). The impact of kidney function at highly active antiretroviral therapy initiation on mortality in HIV-infected women. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 55(2), 217-20. PMC3243740
Journal Article
Adipose tissue and metabolic factors associated with steatosis in HIV/HCV coinfection: histology versus magnetic resonance spectroscopy
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2010
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20512045
BACKGROUND: Hepatic steatosis is common in persons with HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV); yet biopsy measurement of steatosis is prone to sampling error. We compared magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) measurement of steatosis to histology in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients and explored the associated adipose tissue and metabolic factors. METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis of 42 HIV/HCV-coinfected men and women. Logistic regression analysis identified factors (MRI-measured visceral adipose tissue and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue and Homeostasis Model Assessment-estimated insulin resistance) associated with histologic steatosis (>/= 5% of hepatocytes with fat) and MRS steatosis (>/= 5% of hepatic fat). RESULTS: MRS steatosis was strongly associated with histologic steatosis, when measured continuously (odds ratio: 10.2 per doubling of MRS-measured hepatic fat; 95% confidence interval: 2.9 to 69.3) and dichotomously (Kappa coefficient = 0.52; P = 0.0007). Four of the 10 with MRS-mea
10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181e1d963
20512045
PMC2943991
Adipose Tissue/metabolism/*pathology Adult Biopsy Confidence Intervals Cross-Sectional Studies Fatty Liver/*etiology/metabolism/pathology Female HIV Infections/*complications/metabolism/pathology Hepatitis C/*complications/metabolism/pathology Humans Liver/pathology Logistic Models Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Male Middle Aged Odds Ratio
Ghotb A, Noworolski SM, Madden E, Scherzer R, Qayyum A, Pannell J, Ferrell L, Peters M, Tien PC. (2010). Adipose tissue and metabolic factors associated with steatosis in HIV/HCV coinfection: histology versus magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 55(2), 228-31. PMC2943991
Journal Article
The effects of opiate use and hepatitis C virus infection on risk of diabetes mellitus in the Women's Interagency HIV Study
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2010
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20190642
BACKGROUND: Opiate use is common in HIV-infected and hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected individuals, however, its contribution to the risk of diabetes mellitus is not well understood. METHODS: Prospective study of 1713 HIV-infected and 652 HIV-uninfected participants from the Women's Interagency HIV Study between October 2000 and March 2006. Diabetes defined as fasting glucose > or =126 mg/dL, self report of diabetes medication use, or confirmed diabetes diagnosis. Opiate use determined using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Detectable plasma HCV RNA confirmed HCV infection. RESULTS: Current opiate users had a higher prevalence of diabetes (15%) than nonusers (10%, P = 0.03), and a higher risk of incident diabetes (adjusted relative hazard: 1.58, 95% confidence interval: 1.01 to 2.46), after controlling for HCV infection, HIV/antiretroviral therapy status, and diabetes risk factors including age, race/ethnicity, family history of diabetes, and body mass index. HCV infection was
10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181d0c911
20190642
PMC3069645
Adult Age Factors Analgesics, Opioid/*adverse effects Blood Glucose/analysis Confidence Intervals Diabetes Mellitus/*etiology/virology Female HIV Infections/*complications Hepatitis C/*complications Humans Incidence Logistic Models Middle Aged Odds Ratio Opioid-Related Disorders/*complications Prevalence Proportional Hazards Models Prospective Studies Risk Factors
Howard AA, Hoover DR, Anastos K, Wu X, Shi Q, Strickler HD, Cole SR, Cohen MH, Kovacs A, Augenbraun M, Latham PS, Tien PC (2010). The effects of opiate use and hepatitis C virus infection on risk of diabetes mellitus in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 54(2), 152-9. PMC3069645
Journal Article
Elevated caspase-3 expression and T-cell activation in elite suppressors
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2010
1-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20418727
10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181cbd469
20418727
PMC3228601
Adult Caspase 3/*biosynthesis Female HIV Infections/*immunology *HIV Long-Term Survivors Humans *Lymphocyte Activation Middle Aged T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
Ronquillo RE, Desai SN, Norris PJ, Golub ET, Greenblatt RM, Gange SJ, Landay AL (2010). Elevated caspase-3 expression and T-cell activation in elite suppressors. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 54(1), 110-1. PMC3228601
Journal Article
HIV infection and women's sexual functioning
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2010
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20179602
OBJECTIVE: To compare sexual problems among HIV-positive and HIV-negative women and describe clinical and psychosocial factors associated with these problems. DESIGN: Data were collected during a study visit of the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). The WIHS studies the natural and treated history of HIV among women in the United States. METHODS: Between October 01, 2006, and March 30, 2007, 1805 women (1279 HIV positive and 526 HIV negative) completed a study visit that included administration of the Female Sexual Function Index. In addition, the visit included completion of standardized interviewer-administered surveys, physical and gynecological examinations, and blood sample collection. RESULTS: Women with HIV reported greater sexual problems than did those without HIV. Women also reported lower sexual function if they were classified as menopausal, had symptoms indicative of depression, or if they reported not being in a relationship. CD4 cell count was associated with Female S
10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181d01b14
20179602
PMC2900377
Adult Arousal Depression/epidemiology/psychology Female HIV Infections/*psychology HIV Seronegativity HIV Seropositivity/psychology Humans Interviews as Topic Menopause Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis Orgasm Psychology Sexual Behavior/*psychology United States Young Adult
Wilson TE, Jean-Louis G, Schwartz R, Golub ET, Cohen MH, Maki P, Greenblatt R, Massad LS, Robison E, Goparaju L, Lindau S (2010). HIV infection and women's sexual functioning. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 54(4), 360-7. PMC2900377
Journal Article
Microalbuminuria is associated with all-cause and AIDS mortality in women with HIV infection
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2010
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20098331
OBJECTIVES: Prevalence of microalbuminuria is increased in patients with HIV. Microalbuminuria is associated with increased mortality in other populations, including diabetics, for whom microalbuminuria testing is standard of care. We investigated whether microalbuminuria is associated with mortality in HIV-infected women not receiving antiretroviral therapy. METHODS: Urinalysis for proteinuria and semiquantitative testing for microalbuminuria were performed in specimens from 2 consecutive visits in 1547 HIV-infected women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study in 1994-1995. Time to death was modeled using proportional hazards analysis. RESULTS: Compared with women without albuminuria, the hazard ratio (HR) for all-cause mortality was increased in women with 1 (HR: 3.4; 95% CI: 2.2 to 5.2) or 2 specimens positive for either proteinuria or microalbuminuria (HR: 3.9; 95% CI: 2.1 to 7.0). The highest risk was observed in women with both specimens positive for proteinuria (HR: 5.8;
10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181cc1070
20098331
PMC2888617
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications/*mortality/*pathology Adult Albuminuria/*epidemiology Female Humans Middle Aged Prevalence Survival Analysis
Wyatt CM, Hoover DR, Shi Q, Seaberg E, Wei C, Tien PC, Karim R, Lazar J, Young MA, Cohen MH, Klotman PE, Anastos K (2010). Microalbuminuria is associated with all-cause and AIDS mortality in women with HIV infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 55(1), 73-7. PMC2888617
Journal Article
Short-term bone loss in HIV-infected premenopausal women
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2010
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19890216
BACKGROUND: Low bone mineral density (BMD) has been reported in HIV+ women, but less is known about the longitudinal evolution of BMD and fracture incidence. METHODS: In 100 HIV+ and 68 HIV- premenopausal women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study, BMD was measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry at the femoral neck (FN) and lumbar spine (LS) at index visit and after a median of 2.5 years. RESULTS: In HIV+ women, BMD at index visit was normal but 5% lower at the LS and FN than in HIV- women. Annual percent decrease in BMD did not differ between HIV+ and HIV- women at the LS (-0.8% +/- 0.2% vs -0.4% +/- 0.2%, P = 0.20) or FN (-0.8% +/- 0.3% vs -0.6% +/- 0.3%, P = 0.56) and remained similar after adjustment for age, weight, and BMD at index visit. Among HIV+ women, bone loss was associated with vitamin D deficiency and opiate use but not with use or class of antiretrovirals. Incidence of self-reported fracture was 0.74 per 100 person-years in HIV+ women and similar in HIV- women. CON
10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181bf6471
19890216
PMC2813405
Adult *Bone Density Female Fractures, Bone/*complications/epidemiology HIV Infections/*complications Humans Incidence *Premenopause
Yin MT, Lu D, Cremers S, Tien PC, Cohen MH, Shi Q, Shane E, Golub ET, Anastos K (2010). Short-term bone loss in HIV-infected premenopausal women. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 53(2), 202-8. PMC2813405
Journal Article
Relationship between complementary/alternative treatment use and illicit drug use among a cohort of women with, or at risk for, HIV infection
J Altern Complement Med
2010
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20738164
OBJECTIVES: Two of the most pressing public health challenges in the United States are treating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and illegal substance use. High rates of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use have been reported by individuals who suffer from both of these diseases. The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between CAM use and illegal substance use in a cohort of women with HIV or at risk for HIV disease. Based on previous research, it was hypothesized that CAM use may decrease substance use. DESIGN: This was a longitudinal cohort study. SUBJECTS: The subjects comprised Women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. OUTCOME MEASURES: The role of CAM use in illegal substance use was examined. Due to the hierarchical structure of the dataset, logistic regression analysis adjusting for repeated measurements (generalized estimating equation model) was carried out to assess associations of CAM use and illicit drug use. RESULTS: There were 2176
10.1089/acm.2009.0584
20738164
PMC3110837
Adult Complementary Therapies/*statistics & numerical data Drug Users/*statistics & numerical data Female *HIV Infections Humans *Illicit Drugs Logistic Models Longitudinal Studies Odds Ratio *Substance-Related Disorders
Merenstein DJ, Hu H, Robison E, Levine AM, Greenblatt R, Schwartz R, Weber K, Young M, Sharp G, Liu C (2010). Relationship between complementary/alternative treatment use and illicit drug use among a cohort of women with, or at risk for, HIV infection. J Altern Complement Med, 16(9), 989-93. PMC3110837
Journal Article
A comparison of ad hoc methods to account for non-cancer AIDS and deaths as competing risks when estimating the effect of HAART on incident cancer AIDS among HIV-infected men
J Clin Epidemiol
2010
Apr-10
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19880284
OBJECTIVE: To compare three ad hoc methods to estimate the marginal hazard of incident cancer acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in a highly active antiretroviral therapy (1996-2006) relative to a monotherapy/combination therapy (1990-1996) calendar period, accounting for other AIDS events and deaths as competing risks. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Among 1,911 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive men from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, 228 developed cancer AIDS and 745 developed competing risks in 14,202 person-years from 1990 to 2006. Method 1 censored competing risks at the time they occurred, method 2 excluded competing risks, and method 3 censored competing risks at the date of analysis. RESULTS: The age, race, and infection duration adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for cancer AIDS were similar for all methods (HR approximately 0.15). We estimated bias and confidence interval coverage of each method with Monte Carlo simulation. On average, across 24 scenarios, method 1
10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.08.003
19880284
PMC2837111
age AIDS analysis antiretroviral therapy Baltimore bias cancer cohort Cohort Studies cohort study death deficiency duration epidemiology HAART health Human human immunodeficiency virus immune immune deficiency immunodeficiency infection methods multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Public Health research Risk study support therapies therapy Time virus
Shiels MS, Cole SR, Chmiel JS, Margolick J, Martinson J, Zhang ZF, Jacobson LP (2010). A comparison of ad hoc methods to account for non-cancer AIDS and deaths as competing risks when estimating the effect of HAART on incident cancer AIDS among HIV-infected men. J Clin Epidemiol, 63(4), 459-467. PMC2837111
Journal Article
HIV-Selectest enzyme immunoassay and rapid test: ability to detect seroconversion following HIV-1 infection
J Clin Microbiol
2010
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19906903
HIV-Selectest is a serodiagnostic enzyme immunoassay (EIA), containing p6 and gp41 peptides, designed to differentiate between vaccine-induced antibodies and true infections. A rapid test version of the HIV-Selectest was developed. Both assays detected HIV antibodies in men and women within 2 to 4 weeks of infection, with sensitivity similar to third-generation EIAs.
10.1128/JCM.01573-09
19906903
PMC2812287
Antibodies, Viral/*blood Female HIV Infections/*diagnosis *HIV Seropositivity HIV-1/*immunology Humans Immunoenzyme Techniques/*methods Male Sensitivity and Specificity
Khurana S, Norris PJ, Busch MP, Haynes BF, Park S, Sasono P, Mlisana K, Salim AK, Hecht FM, Mulenga J, Chomba E, Hunter E, Allen S, Nemo G, Rodriguez-Chavez IR; Women's Interagency HIV Study Collaborative Study Group, Margolick JB; Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), Golding H (2010). HIV-Selectest enzyme immunoassay and rapid test: ability to detect seroconversion following HIV-1 infection. J Clin Microbiol, 48(1), 281-5. PMC2812287
Journal Article
HIV as a risk factor for lung cancer in women: data from the Women's Interagency HIV Study
J Clin Oncol
2010
20-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20177022
PURPOSE: Prior reports of an increased risk of lung cancer in HIV-infected individuals have not always included control groups, nor considered other risk factors such as tobacco exposure. We sought to determine the role of HIV infection and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on lung cancer incidence in 2,651 HIV-infected and 898 HIV-uninfected women from the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). METHODS: A prospective study of the incidence rates of lung cancer was conducted, with cases identified through medical records, death certificates, and state cancer registries. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated to compare lung cancer incidence among HIV-infected and uninfected WIHS participants, with population-based expectations using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry. Behavioral characteristics in the WIHS were compared to US women by age and race adjusting the population-based data from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Surve
10.1200/JCO.2009.25.6149
20177022
PMC2849771
Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Female HIV Infections/drug therapy/*epidemiology/etiology Humans Incidence Lung Neoplasms/complications/drug therapy/*epidemiology Middle Aged Nutrition Surveys Prospective Studies Risk Factors SEER Program Smoking/adverse effects
Levine AM, Seaberg EC, Hessol NA, Preston-Martin S, Silver S, Cohen MH, Anastos K, Minkoff H, Orenstein J, Dominguez G, Watts DH (2010). HIV as a risk factor for lung cancer in women: data from the Women's Interagency HIV Study. J Clin Oncol, 28(9), 1514-9. PMC2849771
Journal Article
A Twenty-Two-Year-Old Community Advisory Board: Health Research as an Opportunity for Social Change
J Community Pract
2010
1/1/2010
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20523763
Conducting health research often requires a partnership between marginalized communities and researchers. Community organizers can broker this partnership in a way that not only produces important scientific discoveries but also brings needed resources to the communities. This article is a description of a community advisory board established in 1984 to advise researchers on a longitudinal study of the natural history of AIDS among gay men. The Board successfully guided the recruitment of more than 3,000 gay and bisexual male volunteers and, at the same time worked as a powerful change agent. An analysis of minutes from all Board meetings between 1984-2006 indicates that significant social change as well as important research findings resulted from Board actions. Community organizers who work to create a mutually beneficial partnership between communities and researchers may find new opportunities to support community growth and social justice
10.1080/10705421003766685
20523763
PMC2879669
agent AIDS analysis bisexual change Disease gay men health history infectious diseases longitudinal Longitudinal Studies Male microbiology natural history Pittsburgh Public Health recruitment research sexual study support Time
Silvestre AJ, Quinn SJ, Rinaldo CR (2010). A Twenty-Two-Year-Old Community Advisory Board: Health Research as an Opportunity for Social Change. J Community Pract, 18(1), 58-75. PMC2879669
Journal Article
Oral and systemic health correlates of HIV-1 shedding in saliva
J Dent Res
2010
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20671205
The relationship among oral and systemic health and HIV shedding in saliva is not well-understood. We hypothesized that oral and systemic health are associated with HIV shedding in saliva of HIV-infected women. Saliva from 127 participants enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) was collected at repeated visits over a 5(1/2)-year study period (October 1998 through March 2004) and was evaluated for HIV-1 RNA. Demographic, lifestyle, and systemic and oral health characteristics were evaluated as possible correlates of salivary HIV-1 shedding. Multivariate models showed significantly increased risk of HIV-1 shedding in saliva as blood levels of CD4 cell counts decreased (p < 0.0001) and HIV RNA increased (p < 0.0001). Diabetes (p = 0.002) and a high proportion of gingival bleeding sites (p = 0.01) were associated with increased likelihood, while anti-retroviral therapy (p = 0.0003) and higher levels of stimulated saliva flow rates (p = 0.02) were associated with a lower likel
10.1177/0022034510375290
20671205
PMC2970637
Adult Alcohol Drinking Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use CD4 Lymphocyte Count DMF Index Dental Plaque Index Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications Female Follow-Up Studies Gingival Hemorrhage/virology HIV Seropositivity/*virology HIV-1/genetics/*physiology *Health Status Humans Life Style Longitudinal Studies Middle Aged *Oral Health Periodontal Index RNA, Viral/analysis Saliva/metabolism/*virology Secretory Rate/physiology Substance-Related Disorders Virus Shedding/*physiology
Navazesh M, Mulligan R, Kono N, Kumar SK, Nowicki M, Alves M, Mack WJ (2010). Oral and systemic health correlates of HIV-1 shedding in saliva. J Dent Res, 89(10), 1074-9. PMC2970637
Journal Article
Smoking cessation among women with and at risk for HIV: are they quitting?
J Gen Intern Med
2010
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19921113
BACKGROUND: Cigarette smoking is an important risk factor for adverse health events in HIV-infected populations. While recent US population-wide surveys report annual sustained smoking cessation rates of 3.4-8.5%, prospective data are lacking on cessation rates for HIV-infected smokers. OBJECTIVE: To determine the sustained tobacco cessation rate and predictors of cessation among women with or at risk for HIV infection. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 747 women (537 HIV-infected and 210 HIV-uninfected) who reported smoking at enrollment (1994-1995) in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) and remained in follow-up after 10 years. The participants were mostly minority (61% non-Hispanic Blacks and 22% Hispanics) and low income (68% with reported annual incomes of less than or equal to $12,000). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The primary outcome was defined as greater than 12 months continuous cessation at year 10. Multivariate logistic regression was used to
10.1007/s11606-009-1150-2
19921113
PMC2811601
Adolescent Adult Cohort Studies Female Follow-Up Studies HIV Infections/complications/*epidemiology Humans Middle Aged Prospective Studies Risk Factors Sex Factors Smoking/*adverse effects/*epidemiology *Smoking Cessation/statistics & numerical data Young Adult
Goldberg D, Weber KM, Orsi J, Hessol NA, D'Souza G, Watts DH, Schwartz R, Liu C, Glesby M, Burian P, Cohen MH (2010). Smoking cessation among women with and at risk for HIV: are they quitting?. J Gen Intern Med, 25(1), 39-44. PMC2811601
Journal Article
Examination of disease-based selection, demographic history and population structure in European Y-chromosome haplogroup I
J Hum Genet
2010
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20574427
We attempted to refine the understanding of an association of Y-chromosomal haplogroup I (hg-I) with enhanced AIDS progression that had been previously reported. First, we compared the progression phenotype between hg-I and its phylogenetically closest haplogroup J. Then, we took a candidate gene approach resequencing DDX3Y, a crucial autoimmunity gene, in hg-I and other common European Y-chromosome haplogroups looking for functional variants. We extended the genetic analyses to CD24L4 and compared and contrasted the roles of disease-based selection, demographic history and population structure shaping the contemporary genetic landscape of hg-I chromosomes. Our results confirmed and refined the AIDS progression signal to hg-I, though no gene variant was identified that can explain the disease association. Molecular evolutionary and genetic analyses of the examined loci suggested a unique evolutionary history in hg-I, probably shaped by complex interactions of selection, demographic his
10.1038/jhg.2010.77
20574427
PMC2945452
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*genetics Alleles CD24 Antigen/genetics *Chromosomes, Human, Y DEAD-box RNA Helicases/*genetics Disease Progression European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics Genetic Variation Genetics, Population *Haplotypes Humans Male Minor Histocompatibility Antigens Phylogeny *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Sezgin E, Drosdak A, McIntosh C, Kessing B, Lautenberger JA, Goedert JJ, Phair JP, Troyer JL, Smith MW, O'Brien SJ (2010). Examination of disease-based selection, demographic history and population structure in European Y-chromosome haplogroup I. J Hum Genet, 55(9), 613-20. PMC2945452
Journal Article
Genetic associations of variants in genes encoding HIV-dependency factors required for HIV-1 infection
J Infect Dis
2010
15-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21083371
BACKGROUND: High-throughput genome-wide techniques have facilitated the identification of previously unknown host proteins involved in cellular human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Recently, 3 independent studies have used small interfering RNA technology to silence each gene in the human genome to determine the importance of each in HIV infection. Genes conferring a significant effect were termed HIV-dependency factors (HDFs). METHODS: We assembled high-density panels of 6380 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 278 HDF genes and tested for genotype associations with HIV infection and AIDS progression in 1633 individuals from clinical AIDS cohorts. RESULTS: After statistical correction for multiple tests, significant associations with HIV acquisition were found for SNPs in 2 genes, NCOR2 and IDH1. Weaker associations with AIDS progression were revealed for SNPs within the TM9SF2 and EGFR genes. CONCLUSIONS: This study independently verifies the influence of NCOR2 and IDH
10.1086/657322
21083371
PMC3107555
Disease Progression *Disease Susceptibility ErbB Receptors/genetics Gene Frequency HIV Infections/*genetics/*transmission HIV-1/*pathogenicity *Host-Pathogen Interactions Humans Isocitrate Dehydrogenase/*genetics Male Membrane Proteins/genetics Nuclear Receptor Co-Repressor 2/*genetics Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Chinn LW, Tang M, Kessing BD, Lautenberger JA, Troyer JL, Malasky MJ, McIntosh C, Kirk GD, Wolinsky SM, Buchbinder SP, Gomperts ED, Goedert JJ, O'Brien SJ (2010). Genetic associations of variants in genes encoding HIV-dependency factors required for HIV-1 infection. J Infect Dis, 202(12), 1836-45. PMC3107555
Journal Article
Multistage genomewide association study identifies a locus at 1q41 associated with rate of HIV-1 disease progression to clinical AIDS
J Infect Dis
2010
15-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20064070
BACKGROUND: A mean of 9-10 years of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection elapse before clinical AIDS develops in untreated persons, but this rate of disease progression varies substantially among individuals. To investigate host genetic determinants of the rate of progression to clinical AIDS, we performed a multistage genomewide association study. METHODS: The discovery stage comprised 156 individuals from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, enriched with rapid and long-term nonprogressors to increase statistical power. This was followed by replication tests of putatively associated genotypes in an independent population of 590 HIV-1-infected seroconverters. RESULTS: Significant associations with delayed AIDS progression were observed in a haplotype located at 1q41, 36 kb upstream of PROX1 on chromosome 1 (relative hazard ratio, 0.69; Fisher's combined P = 6.23 X 10(-7)). This association was replicated further in an analysis stratified by transmission mode, with the e
10.1086/649842
20064070
PMC2928718
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*genetics/pathology Adult *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 Cohort Studies Disease Progression Genetic Loci Genetic Predisposition to Disease Genome-Wide Association Study/*methods HIV Infections/*genetics/pathology *hiv-1 Homeodomain Proteins/*genetics Humans Linkage Disequilibrium Logistic Models Male Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide Proportional Hazards Models Tumor Suppressor Proteins/*genetics Viral Load
Herbeck JT, Gottlieb GS, Winkler CA, Nelson GW, An P, Maust BS, Wong KG, Troyer JL, Goedert JJ, Kessing BD, Detels R, Wolinsky SM, Martinson J, Buchbinder S, Kirk GD, Jacobson LP, Margolick JB, Kaslow RA, O'Brien SJ, Mullins JI (2010). Multistage genomewide association study identifies a locus at 1q41 associated with rate of HIV-1 disease progression to clinical AIDS. J Infect Dis, 201(4), 618-26. PMC2928718
Journal Article
Activation of CD8 T cells predicts progression of HIV infection in women coinfected with hepatitis C virus
J Infect Dis
2010
15-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20151840
BACKGROUND: Because activation of T cells is associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pathogenesis, CD4 and CD8 activation levels in patients coinfected with HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) may explain conflicting reports regarding effects of HCV on HIV disease progression. METHODS: Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox regression models were used to study the risk of incident clinical AIDS and AIDS-related deaths among 813 HCV-negative women with HIV infection, 87 HCV-positive nonviremic women with HIV coinfection, and 407 HCV-positive viremic women with HIV coinfection (median follow-up time, 5.2 years). For 592 women, the percentages of activated CD4 and CD8 T cells expressing HLA-DR (DR) and/or CD38 were evaluated. RESULTS: HCV-positive viremic women had a statistically significantly higher percentage of activated CD8 T cells (P < .001) and a statistically significantly higher incidence of AIDS compared with HCV-negative women (P < .001 [log-rank test]). The AIDS risk was gre
10.1086/650997
20151840
PMC3105602
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/blood/*complications/*immunology Adolescent Adult CD4 Lymphocyte Count CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology Disease Progression Female HIV/genetics/immunology HIV Infections/blood/complications/immunology Hepacivirus/genetics/immunology Hepatitis C/blood/*complications/*immunology Humans *Lymphocyte Activation Middle Aged Proportional Hazards Models RNA, Viral/blood Risk Factors United States/epidemiology Women's Health Young Adult
Kovacs A, Karim R, Mack WJ, Xu J, Chen Z, Operskalski E, Frederick T, Landay A, Voris J, Spencer LS, Young MA, Tien PC, Augenbraun M, Strickler HD, Al-Harthi L (2010). Activation of CD8 T cells predicts progression of HIV infection in women coinfected with hepatitis C virus. J Infect Dis, 201(6), 823-34. PMC3105602
Journal Article
Multiple-cohort genetic association study reveals CXCR6 as a new chemokine receptor involved in long-term nonprogression to AIDS
J Infect Dis
2010
9/15/2010
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20704485
BACKGROUND: The compilation of previous genomewide association studies of AIDS shows a major polymorphism in the HCP5 gene associated with both control of the viral load and long-term nonprogression (LTNP) to AIDS. METHODS: To look for genetic variants that affect LTNP without necessary control of the viral load, we reanalyzed the genomewide data of the unique LTNP Genomics of Resistance to Immunodeficiency Virus (GRIV) cohort by excluding "elite controller" patients, who were controlling the viral load at very low levels (<100 copies/mL). RESULTS: The rs2234358 polymorphism in the CXCR6 gene was the strongest signal (P=2.5 x 10(-7); odds ratio, 1.85) obtained for the genomewide association study comparing the 186 GRIV LTNPs who were not elite controllers with 697 uninfected control subjects. This association was replicated in 3 additional independent European studies, reaching genomewide significance of P(combined)=9.7 x 10(-10). This association with LTNP is independent of the CCR2-C
10.1086/655782
20704485
PMC3601691
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Affect AIDS ART cohort Cohort Studies control Disease Disease Progression etiology Genetic Association Studies genetics HIV Long-Term Survivors Hiv-1 Human human immunodeficiency virus Humans Immunity,Innate immunodeficiency immunology infection Inflammation Male methods Odds Ratio Polymorphism,Genetic progression Receptors,Chemokine Receptors,Virus research resistance Role statistical study support Viral Load virus
Limou S, Coulonges C, Herbeck JT, van Manen D, An P, Le Clerc S, Delaneau O, Diop G, Taing L, Montes M, van't Wout AB, Gottlieb GS, Therwath A, Rouzioux C, Delfraissy JF, Lelièvre JD, Lévy Y, Hercberg S, Dina C, Phair J, Donfield S, Goedert JJ, Buchbinder S, Estaquier J, Schächter F, Gut I, Froguel P, Mullins JI, Schuitemaker H, Winkler C, Zagury JF (2010). Multiple-cohort genetic association study reveals CXCR6 as a new chemokine receptor involved in long-term nonprogression to AIDS. J Infect Dis, 202(6), 908-915. PMC3601691
Journal Article
IL28B polymorphism does not determine outcomes of hepatitis B virus or HIV infection
J Infect Dis
2010
12/1/2010
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20977343
An IL28B haplotype strongly determines the outcome of natural and interferon-alpha treated hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. To assess whether the polymorphism marking the haplotype (rs12979860) also affects other interferon-alpha responsive chronic viral illnesses, namely hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 infections, we genotyped 226 individuals with HBV persistence, 384 with HBV recovery, and 2548 with or at high risk for HIV infection. The C/C genotype of rs12979860 was not associated with HBV recovery (odds ratio, 0.99), resistance to HIV infection (odds ratio, 0.97), or HIV disease progression (P > .05). This IL28B single-nucleotide polymorphism affects the immune response to HCV but not to HBV or HIV
10.1086/657146
20977343
PMC2974014
Adult Affect cancer Case-Control Studies Cohort Studies Disease Disease Progression Female genetics Genotype Hepacivirus hepatitis Hepatitis B Hepatitis B Virus Hepatitis C high-risk Hiv HIV infection HIV Infections Hiv-1 Human human immunodeficiency virus Humans illness immune immune response immunodeficiency immunology infection infections Inflammation Interferon-alpha Interleukins Laboratories Male Maryland Odds Ratio outcome Polymorphism,Single Nucleotide progression Proportional Hazards Models research resistance response Risk support virus Young Adult
Martin MP, Qi Y, Goedert JJ, Hussain SK, Kirk GD, Hoots WK, Buchbinder S, Carrington M, Thio CL (2010). IL28B polymorphism does not determine outcomes of hepatitis B virus or HIV infection. J Infect Dis, 202(11), 1749-1753. PMC2974014
Journal Article
Influence of adherent and effective antiretroviral therapy use on human papillomavirus infection and squamous intraepithelial lesions in human immunodeficiency virus-positive women
J Infect Dis
2010
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20105077
BACKGROUND: The impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on the natural history of human papillomavirus (HPV) remains uncertain following conflicting reports. Prior studies, however, did not consider patients' adherence to their regimens or HAART effectiveness (viral suppression). METHODS: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive women (N = 286) who initiated HAART during follow-up in a prospective cohort were assessed semiannually for HPV infection (by polymerase chain reaction) and squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs). Adherence was defined as use of HAART as prescribed > or = 95% of the time, and effective HAART was defined as suppression of HIV replication. The prevalence, incident detection, and clearance of HPV infection and/or SILs before versus after HAART initiation were compared (using women as their own comparison group). RESULTS: HAART initiation among adherent women was associated with a significant reduction in prevalence (odds ratio, 0.60 [95% confide
10.1086/650467
20105077
PMC2818607
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/*complications/*drug therapy Humans Male Medication Adherence/statistics & numerical data Middle Aged Neoplasms, Squamous Cell/*epidemiology/virology Papillomaviridae/drug effects Papillomavirus Infections/*epidemiology/virology Prevalence Prospective Studies Uterine Neoplasms/*epidemiology/virology Young Adult
Minkoff H, Zhong Y, Burk RD, Palefsky JM, Xue X, Watts DH, Levine AM, Wright RL, Colie C, D'Souza G, Massad LS, Strickler HD (2010). Influence of adherent and effective antiretroviral therapy use on human papillomavirus infection and squamous intraepithelial lesions in human immunodeficiency virus-positive women. J Infect Dis, 201(5), 681-90. PMC2818607
Journal Article
Large-scale candidate gene analysis of spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus
J Infect Dis
2010
1-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20331378
Human genetic variation is a determinant of recovery from acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection; however, to date, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in only a limited number of genes have been studied with respect to HCV clearance. We determined whether SNPs in 112 selected immune response genes are important for HCV clearance, by genotyping 1536 SNPs in a cohort of 343 persons with natural HCV clearance and 547 persons with HCV persistence. PLINK (version 1.05) and Haploview (version 4.1) software packages were used to perform association, permutation, and haplotype analyses stratified by African American and European American race. Of the 1536 SNPs tested, 1426 (92.8%) were successfully genotyped. In African Americans, we identified 18 SNPs located in 11 gene regions that were associated with HCV infection outcome (empirical P value, < .01). In European Americans, there were 20 SNPs located in 8 gene regions associated with HCV infection outcome. Four of the gene regions studi
10.1086/651606
20331378
PMC2853721
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics Adult African Americans/genetics European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics Female Genome-Wide Association Study Genotype Haplotypes/genetics Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1 Hepatitis C/*genetics/virology Humans Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics Male Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/*genetics Receptors, Virus/genetics Remission, Spontaneous Tumor Necrosis Factors/genetics
Mosbruger TL, Duggal P, Goedert JJ, Kirk GD, Hoots WK, Tobler LH, Busch M, Peters MG, Rosen HR, Thomas DL, Thio CL (2010). Large-scale candidate gene analysis of spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus. J Infect Dis, 201(9), 1371-80. PMC2853721
Journal Article
Host determinants of HIV-1 control in African Americans
J Infect Dis
2010
15-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20205591
We performed a whole-genome association study of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) set point among a cohort of African Americans (n = 515), and an intronic single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the HLA-B gene showed one of the strongest associations. We use a subset of patients to demonstrate that this SNP reflects the effect of the HLA-B*5703 allele, which shows a genome-wide statistically significant association with viral load set point (P = 5.6 x 10(-10)). These analyses therefore confirm a member of the HLA-B*57 group of alleles as the most important common variant that influences viral load variation in African Americans, which is consistent with what has been observed for individuals of European ancestry, among whom the most important common variant is HLA-B*5701.
10.1086/651382
20205591
PMC2838940
Adolescent Adult African Americans/*genetics DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/immunology Disease Progression *Genome-Wide Association Study Genotype HIV Infections/*genetics/immunology/virology HIV-1/*immunology HLA-B Antigens/genetics/immunology HLA-C Antigens/genetics/immunology Humans Male Middle Aged Phenotype Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics Viral Load/genetics Young Adult
Pelak K, Goldstein DB, Walley NM, Fellay J, Ge D, Shianna KV, Gumbs C, Gao X, Maia JM, Cronin KD, Hussain SK, Carrington M, Michael NL, Weintrob AC; Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program HIV Working Group; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology (CHAVI) (2010). Host determinants of HIV-1 control in African Americans. J Infect Dis, 201(8), 1141-9. PMC2838940
Journal Article
In acute pathogenic SIV infection plasmacytoid dendritic cells are depleted from blood and lymph nodes despite mobilization
J Med Primatol
2010
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20618589
BACKGROUND: Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) are depleted from blood of individuals with HIV infection associated with progression to disease. It has been postulated but not proven that pDC accumulate in lymph nodes and induce sustained immune activation characteristic of disease. METHODS: The dynamics of the pDC response to acute pathogenic SIV infection of rhesus macaques were studied using methods to track recently divided cells. RESULTS: pDC were lost from blood and lymph nodes in acute SIV infection despite rapid mobilization and recruitment. pDC had a low frequency of infection, were uniformly activated and had increased levels of apoptosis, while maintaining normal function. CONCLUSIONS: pDC mobilization into blood and lymph nodes in acute SIV infection does not keep pace with excessive pDC loss through activation and apoptosis. The depletion of pDC from lymphoid tissues in acutely infected rhesus macaques does not support a pathogenic role for pDC in disease.
10.1111/j.1600-0684.2010.00428.x
20618589
PMC2904653
Animals Apoptosis Blood Cells/*pathology Bone Marrow Cells/*pathology Dendritic Cells/pathology/*physiology Lymph Nodes/*pathology Macaca mulatta Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/blood/*immunology/pathology Simian Immunodeficiency Virus
Barratt-Boyes SM, Wijewardana V, Brown KN (2010). In acute pathogenic SIV infection plasmacytoid dendritic cells are depleted from blood and lymph nodes despite mobilization. J Med Primatol, 39(4), 235-42. PMC2904653
Journal Article
NIHMS208069
Synapse loss in dementias
J Neurosci Res
2010
1-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20533377
Synaptic transmission is essential for nervous system function, and its dysfunction is a known major contributing factor to Alzheimer's-type dementia. Antigen-specific immunochemical methods are able to characterize synapse loss in dementia through the quantification of various synaptic proteins involved in the synaptic cycle. These immunochemical methods applied to the study of Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain specimens have correlated synaptic loss with particularly toxic forms of amyloid-beta protein and have also established synapse loss as the best correlate of dementia severity. A significant but comparatively circumscribed amount of literature describes synaptic decline in other forms of dementia. Ischemic vascular dementia (IVD) is quite heterogeneous, and synapse loss in IVD seems to be variable among IVD subtypes, probably reflecting its variable neuropathologic correlates. Loss of synaptic protein has been identified in vascular dementia of the Binswanger type and Spatz-Linden
10.1002/jnr.22392
20533377
PMC3068914
Animals Brain/*physiopathology Dementia/*physiopathology Humans Synapses/*physiology
Clare R, King VG, Wirenfeldt M, Vinters HV (2010). Synapse loss in dementias. J Neurosci Res, 88(10), 2083-90. PMC3068914
Journal Article
Role of human leukocyte antigen class I alleles in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
J Neurovirol
2010
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20105104
Because human leukocyte antigen (HLA) associations with various infectious diseases have recently been reported, we examined the role of HLA class I alleles in the development of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) or its outcome in 152 patients, including 123 Caucasians and 29 African Americans. Compared to a human immunodeficiency virus positive (HIV+) control population, we observed decreased frequency of HLA-A3 (P = 0.03) in the Caucasian PML group, whereas B18 (P = 0.02), was more frequent. No such difference was found among African American PML patients. We then sought to characterize differences in HLA between PML progressors, whose survival doesn't exceed 1 year, and survivors. Caucasian survivors were less likely to harbor A68 (P = 0.01), whereas African American survivors less frequently displayed Cw4 (P = .01). However, none of these differences reached statistical significance after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing. Further investigations are needed t
10.3109/13550280903552438
20105104
PMC2854537
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/*genetics/*immunology/pathology African Americans Disease Progression European Continental Ancestry Group Gene Frequency Genetic Predisposition to Disease Hiv HLA-A Antigens/classification/genetics HLA-A3 Antigen/classification/genetics HLA-B Antigens/classification/genetics HLA-B18 Antigen HLA-C Antigens/classification/genetics Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/*genetics/*immunology Humans JC Virus Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal/*genetics/*immunology/pathology Serotyping
Gheuens S, Fellay J, Goldstein DB, Koralnik IJ (2010). Role of human leukocyte antigen class I alleles in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. J Neurovirol, 16(1), 41-7. PMC2854537
Journal Article
Longitudinal psychomotor speed performance in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive individuals: impact of age and serostatus
J Neurovirol
2010
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20726699
Older human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive (HIV+) individuals (greater than age 50 years) are twice as likely to develop HIV dementia compared to younger HIV+ individuals. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of both age and serostatus on longitudinal changes in psychomotor speed/executive functioning performance among HIV+ and HIV- individuals. Four hundred and seventy-seven HIV+ and 799 HIV- individuals from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) were subdivided into three age groups: (1) <40 years, (2) 40-50 years, and (3) >50 years. Psychomotor speed/executive functioning test performance was measured by the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) and the Trail Making (TM) Test Parts A and B. Changes in performance were compared among the three age groups for both HIV+ and HIV- individuals. Among HIV+ individuals, on the TM Test Part B the younger group demonstrated improvement in performance over time (P = .007). The older and middle age groups demonstrated dec
10.3109/13550284.2010.504249
20726699
PMC3068912
AIDS Dementia Complex/complications/*physiopathology Adult Age Factors Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Cohort Studies HIV Seronegativity HIV Seropositivity/complications/drug therapy/*physiopathology Humans Middle Aged Multicenter Studies as Topic Psychomotor Disorders/*virology Risk Factors Task Performance and Analysis United States
Sacktor N, Skolasky RL, Cox C, Selnes O, Becker JT, Cohen B, Martin E, Miller EN; Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) (2010). Longitudinal psychomotor speed performance in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive individuals: impact of age and serostatus. J Neurovirol, 16(5), 335-41. PMC3068912
Journal Article
Community Pharmacy Use Patterns of Women with HIV and Women At Risk for HIV in the San Francisco Bay Area
J Pharm Technol
2010
Sep-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26478916
BACKGROUND: Community pharmacies play a key role in the care of patients when dispensing antiretroviral therapy. The primary objective of this study was to describe patterns of community pharmacy use of women enrolled in the San Francisco site of the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). The secondary objective was to determine whether the number of pharmacies a patient uses is associated with specific patient characteristics or virologic outcomes in HIV positive women. OBJECTIVES: The primary objective was to determine factors which were associated with using multiple dispensing pharmacies to obtain medications in a population of HIV+ and at-risk women. The secondary objective was to determine whether use of multiple pharmacies was associated with immunologic or virologic changes for the subset of HIV+ women. METHODS: A survey on community pharmacy use was distributed to San Francisco WIHS participants from 2004-2007. Poisson, linear, and logistic regression methods were used to deter
10.1177/875512251002600504
26478916
PMC4607290
Hiv community pharmacy women
Cocohoba J, Hsu T, Greenblatt RM (2010). Community Pharmacy Use Patterns of Women with HIV and Women At Risk for HIV in the San Francisco Bay Area. J Pharm Technol, 26(5), 271-275. PMC4607290
Journal Article
Death rates in HIV-positive antiretroviral-naive patients with CD4 count greater than 350 cells per microL in Europe and North America: a pooled cohort observational study
Lancet
2010
7/31/2010
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20638118
BACKGROUND: Whether people living with HIV who have not received antiretroviral therapy (ART) and have high CD4 cell counts have higher mortality than the general population is unknown. We aimed to examine this by analysis of pooled data from industrialised countries. METHODS: We merged data on demographics, CD4 cell counts, viral-load measurements, hepatitis C co-infection status, smoking status, date of death, and whether death was AIDS-related or not from 23 European and North American cohorts. We calculated standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) standardised by age, sex, and year, stratifying by risk group. Data were included for patients aged 20-59 years who had at least one CD4 count greater than 350 cells per microL while ART naive. All pre-ART CD4 counts greater than 350 cells per microL from January, 1990, to December, 2004, were included. We investigated mortality for four risk groups--men who have sex with men, heterosexual people, injecting drug users, and those at other or u
10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60932-4
20638118
PMC3085917
administration & dosage Adult age Aged agent AIDS AIDS-related analysis Anti-HIV Agents Anti-Retroviral Agents antiretroviral therapy ART Biostatistics CD4 CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cell Count cells cohort Cohort Studies Comparative Study complications death demographics drug therapy drug users epidemiology Europe Female follow-up health hepatitis Hepatitis C Hiv HIV Seropositivity Humans immunology infection International Cooperation Male measurement Meta-Analysis methods Middle Aged mortality multicenter Multicenter Studies North America Poisson Distribution population research Risk Risk Assessment Risk Factors sex Smoking study support therapies therapy treatment Viral Load
Study Group on Death Rates at High CD4 Count in Antiretroviral Naive Patients, Lodwick RK, Sabin CA, Porter K, Ledergerber B, van Sighem A, Cozzi-Lepri A, Khaykin P, Mocroft A, Jacobson L, De Wit S, Obel N, Castagna A, Wasmuth JC, Gill J, Klein MB, Gange S, Riera M, Mussini C, Gutiérrez F, Touloumi G, Carrieri P, Guest JL, Brockmeyer NH, Phillips AN (2010). Death rates in HIV-positive antiretroviral-naive patients with CD4 count greater than 350 cells per microL in Europe and North America: a pooled cohort observational study. Lancet, 376(9738), 340-345. PMC3085917
Journal Article
A copula model for bivariate hybrid censored survival data with application to the MACS study
Lifetime Data Anal
2010
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19921432
A copula model for bivariate survival data with hybrid censoring is proposed to study the association between survival time of individuals infected with HIV and persistence time of infection with an additional virus. Survival with HIV is right censored and the persistence time of the additional virus is subject to interval censoring case 1. A pseudo-likelihood method is developed to study the association between the two event times under such hybrid censoring. Asymptotic consistency and normality of the pseudo-likelihood estimator are established based on empirical process theory. Simulation studies indicate good performance of the estimator with moderate sample size. The method is applied to a motivating HIV study which investigates the effect of GB virus type C (GBV-C) co-infection on survival time of HIV infected individuals.
10.1007/s10985-009-9139-z
19921432
PMC3567926
Algorithms *Bias Cohort Studies Comorbidity Flaviviridae Infections GB virus C *HIV Infections Hepatitis, Viral, Human Humans Likelihood Functions Models, Theoretical *Multicenter Studies as Topic *Survival Analysis
Zhang S, Zhang Y, Chaloner K, Stapleton JT (2010). A copula model for bivariate hybrid censored survival data with application to the MACS study. Lifetime Data Anal, 16(2), 231-49. PMC3567926
Journal Article
The economic burden of late entry into medical care for patients with HIV infection
Med Care
2010
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21063228
CONTEXT: A large proportion of people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection enter care late in the HIV disease course. Late entry can increase expenditures for care. OBJECTIVE: To estimate direct medical care expenditures for HIV patients as a function of disease status at initial presentation to care. Late entry is defined as initial CD4 test result </= 200 cells/mm3, intermediate entry as initial CD4 counts >200, and </= 500 cells/mm3; and early entry as initial CD4 count >500. PATIENTS: The study included 8348 patients who received HIV primary care and who were newly enrolled between 2000 and 2006 at one of 10 HIV clinics participating in the HIV Research Network. DESIGN: We reviewed medical record data from 2000 to 2007. We estimated costs per outpatient visit and inpatient day, and monthly medication costs (antiretroviral and opportunistic illness prophylaxis). We multiplied unit costs by utilization measures to estimate expenditures for inpatient days, outpatient visi
10.1097/MLR.0b013e3181f81c4a
21063228
PMC3022268
Adult Aged Ambulatory Care/*economics Anti-HIV Agents/*economics/therapeutic use Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/economics Community Health Services/economics *Cost of Illness Disease Progression Female HIV Infections/*economics/therapy Humans Male Medical Records/statistics & numerical data Middle Aged Outpatients/*statistics & numerical data Patient Acceptance of Health Care/*statistics & numerical data United States/epidemiology Young Adult
Fleishman JA, Yehia BR, Moore RD, Gebo KA; HIV Research Network (2010). The economic burden of late entry into medical care for patients with HIV infection. Med Care, 48(12), 1071-9. PMC3022268
Journal Article
NIHMS262526
Multivariate tensor-based morphometry on surfaces: application to mapping ventricular abnormalities in HIV/AIDS
Neuroimage
2010
1-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19900560
Here we developed a new method, called multivariate tensor-based surface morphometry (TBM), and applied it to study lateral ventricular surface differences associated with HIV/AIDS. Using concepts from differential geometry and the theory of differential forms, we created mathematical structures known as holomorphic one-forms, to obtain an efficient and accurate conformal parameterization of the lateral ventricular surfaces in the brain. The new meshing approach also provides a natural way to register anatomical surfaces across subjects, and improves on prior methods as it handles surfaces that branch and join at complex 3D junctions. To analyze anatomical differences, we computed new statistics from the Riemannian surface metrics-these retain multivariate information on local surface geometry. We applied this framework to analyze lateral ventricular surface morphometry in 3D MRI data from 11 subjects with HIV/AIDS and 8 healthy controls. Our method detected a 3D profile of surface abn
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.10.086
19900560
PMC2859967
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*pathology Algorithms Diffusion Tensor Imaging/*methods HIV Infections/pathology Humans Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted/*methods Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods Lateral Ventricles/*pathology/*virology
Wang Y, Zhang J, Gutman B, Chan TF, Becker JT, Aizenstein HJ, Lopez OL, Tamburo RJ, Toga AW, Thompson PM (2010). Multivariate tensor-based morphometry on surfaces: application to mapping ventricular abnormalities in HIV/AIDS. Neuroimage, 49(3), 2141-57. PMC2859967
Journal Article
Changes in knowledge of cervical cancer prevention and human papillomavirus among women with human immunodeficiency virus
Obstet Gynecol
2010
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20859159
OBJECTIVE: To estimate changes in high-risk women's knowledge of cervical cancer prevention, human papillomavirus (HPV), and HPV vaccination since introduction and marketing of HPV vaccines. METHODS: At study visits in 2007 and 2008-2009, women with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and at-risk comparison women in a multicenter U.S. cohort study completed 44-item self-report questionnaires exploring their knowledge of cervical cancer prevention, HPV, and HPV vaccination. Results from 2007 were compared with those obtained in 2008-2009. Knowledge scores were correlated with demographic variables, measures of education and attention, and medical factors. Significant associations were assessed in multivariable models. RESULTS: HIV-seropositive women had higher knowledge scores than seronegative women at baseline (13.2 +/- 5.7 compared with 11.8 +/- 6.0, P < .001) and follow-up (14.1 +/- 5.3 compared with 13.2 +/- 5.5, P = .01), but the change in scores was similar (0.9 +/- 5.3 compar
10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181f2dbae
20859159
PMC3248790
Adult Comorbidity Female HIV Seropositivity/*epidemiology *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice Humans Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis Papillomavirus Infections/*epidemiology Surveys and Questionnaires Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/*epidemiology/*prevention & control/virology
Massad LS, Evans CT, Weber KM, Goderre JL, Hessol NA, Henry D, Colie C, Strickler HD, Watts DH, Wilson TE (2010). Changes in knowledge of cervical cancer prevention and human papillomavirus among women with human immunodeficiency virus. Obstet Gynecol, 116(4), 941-7. PMC3248790
Journal Article
Clinical reactivations of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection and human immunodeficiency virus disease progression markers
PLoS One
2010
1-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20376310
BACKGROUND: The natural history of HSV-2 infection and role of HSV-2 reactivations in HIV disease progression are unclear. METHODS: Clinical symptoms of active HSV-2 infection were used to classify 1,938 HIV/HSV-2 co-infected participants of the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) into groups of varying degree of HSV-2 clinical activity. Differences in plasma HIV RNA and CD4+ T cell counts between groups were explored longitudinally across three study visits and cross-sectionally at the last study visit. RESULTS: A dose dependent association between markers of HIV disease progression and degree of HSV-2 clinical activity was observed. In multivariate analyses after adjusting for baseline CD4+ T cell levels, active HSV-2 infection with frequent symptomatic reactivations was associated with 21% to 32% increase in the probability of detectable plasma HIV RNA (trend p = 0.004), an average of 0.27 to 0.29 log10 copies/ml higher plasma HIV RNA on a continuous scale (trend p<0.001) and 51 to
10.1371/journal.pone.0009973
20376310
PMC2848613
Adult Biomarkers/analysis CD4 Lymphocyte Count Disease Progression Female HIV Infections/*complications Herpes Genitalis/*complications Herpesvirus 2, Human/*physiology Humans Longitudinal Studies RNA, Viral/blood *Virus Activation
Aumakhan B, Gaydos CA, Quinn TC, Beyrer C, Benning L, Minkoff H, Merenstein DJ, Cohen M, Greenblatt R, Nowicki M, Anastos K, Gange SJ (2010). Clinical reactivations of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection and human immunodeficiency virus disease progression markers. PLoS One, 5(4), e9973. PMC2848613
Journal Article
Increasing rates of obesity among HIV-infected persons during the HIV epidemic
PLoS One
2010
9-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20419086
BACKGROUND: The prevalence and factors associated with overweight/obesity among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons are unknown. METHODS: We evaluated prospective data from a U.S. Military HIV Natural History Study (1985-2004) consisting of early diagnosed patients. Statistics included multivariate linear regression and longitudinal linear mixed effects models. RESULTS: Of 1682 patients, 2% were underweight, 37% were overweight, and 9% were obese at HIV diagnosis. Multivariate predictors of a higher body mass index (BMI) at diagnosis included more recent year of HIV diagnosis, older age, African American race, and earlier HIV stage (all p<0.05). The majority of patients (62%) gained weight during HIV infection. Multivariate factors associated with a greater increase in BMI during HIV infection included more recent year of diagnosis, lower BMI at diagnosis, higher CD4 count, lower HIV RNA level, lack of AIDS diagnosis, and longer HIV duration (all p<0.05). Nucleoside age
10.1371/journal.pone.0010106
20419086
PMC2856157
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/pharmacology Body Mass Index Epidemics Female HIV Infections/*complications/epidemiology Humans Male Middle Aged Obesity/epidemiology/*etiology Prevalence Prospective Studies Young Adult
Crum-Cianflone N, Roediger MP, Eberly L, Headd M, Marconi V, Ganesan A, Weintrob A, Barthel RV, Fraser S, Agan BK; Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program HIV Working Group (2010). Increasing rates of obesity among HIV-infected persons during the HIV epidemic. PLoS One, 5(4), e10106. PMC2856157
Journal Article
CD40 ligand (CD154) incorporated into HIV virions induces activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) expression in human B lymphocytes
PLoS One
2010
6-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20625427
Most AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (AIDS-NHL) arises from errors in immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene (IgH) class switch recombination (CSR) or somatic hypermutation (SHM), events that occur in germinal center (GC) B cells and require the activity of activation induced cytidine deaminase (AID). Several oncogenic viruses (EBV, HCV, HPV) can induce AID gene (AID) expression, and elevated AID expression is seen in circulating lymphocytes prior to AIDS-NHL diagnosis. Here, we report that HIV produced in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) induced AID expression in normal human B cells. Since HIV produced in PBMC contains host cell CD40 ligand (CD40L) incorporated into the viral membrane, and CD40L is known to induce AID expression in human B cells, the role of virion-associated CD40L in HIV-induced AID expression was examined. Only viruses expressing functional CD40L were seen to induce AID expression; CD40L-negative HIV did not induce AID expression. The induction of AID expr
10.1371/journal.pone.0011448
20625427
PMC2897846
B-Lymphocytes/*enzymology/metabolism/*virology CD40 Ligand/*metabolism Cells, Cultured Cytidine Deaminase/genetics/*metabolism Flow Cytometry HIV/genetics/*metabolism/*physiology Humans Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Virion/genetics/*metabolism
Epeldegui M, Thapa DR, De la Cruz J, Kitchen S, Zack JA, Martínez-Maza O (2010). CD40 ligand (CD154) incorporated into HIV virions induces activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) expression in human B lymphocytes. PLoS One, 5(7), e11448. PMC2897846
Journal Article
Genetic variants in nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes influence AIDS progression
PLoS One
2010
21-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20877624
BACKGROUND: The human mitochondrial genome includes only 13 coding genes while nuclear-encoded genes account for 99% of proteins responsible for mitochondrial morphology, redox regulation, and energetics. Mitochondrial pathogenesis occurs in HIV patients and genetically, mitochondrial DNA haplogroups with presumed functional differences have been associated with differential AIDS progression. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Here we explore whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within 904 of the estimated 1,500 genes that specify nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins (NEMPs) influence AIDS progression among HIV-1 infected patients. We examined NEMPs for association with the rate of AIDS progression using genotypes generated by an Affymetrix 6.0 genotyping array of 1,455 European American patients from five US AIDS cohorts. Successfully genotyped SNPs gave 50% or better haplotype coverage for 679 of known NEMP genes. With a Bonferroni adjustment for the number of genes and test
10.1371/journal.pone.0012862
20877624
PMC2943476
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*genetics/metabolism/pathology Cell Nucleus/*genetics/metabolism Cohort Studies *Disease Progression European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics Female *Genetic Variation Genotype Humans Male Mitochondria/genetics/*metabolism Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide Protein Transport
Hendrickson SL, Lautenberger JA, Chinn LW, Malasky M, Sezgin E, Kingsley LA, Goedert JJ, Kirk GD, Gomperts ED, Buchbinder SP, Troyer JL, O'Brien SJ (2010). Genetic variants in nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes influence AIDS progression. PLoS One, 5(9), e12862. PMC2943476
Journal Article
HIV tropism and decreased risk of breast cancer
PLoS One
2010
16-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21179547
BACKGROUND: During the first two decades of the U.S. AIDS epidemic, and unlike some malignancies, breast cancer risk was significantly lower for women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection compared to the general population. This deficit in HIV-associated breast cancer could not be attributed to differences in survival, immune deficiency, childbearing or other breast cancer risk factors. HIV infects mononuclear immune cells by binding to the CD4 molecule and to CCR5 or CXCR4 chemokine coreceptors. Neoplastic breast cells commonly express CXCR4 but not CCR5. In vitro, binding HIV envelope protein to CXCR4 has been shown to induce apoptosis of neoplastic breast cells. Based on these observations, we hypothesized that breast cancer risk would be lower among women with CXCR4-tropic HIV infection. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We conducted a breast cancer nested case-control study among women who participated in the WIHS and HERS HIV cohort studies with longitudinally collected risk fac
10.1371/journal.pone.0014349
21179547
PMC3002931
Adult Breast Neoplasms/complications/*diagnosis CD4 Antigens/biosynthesis CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism Female HIV Infections/complications/*metabolism Humans Leukocytes, Mononuclear/virology Longitudinal Studies Middle Aged Prospective Studies Receptors, CCR5/biosynthesis Receptors, CXCR4/biosynthesis Risk Risk Factors
Hessol NA, Napolitano LA, Smith D, Lie Y, Levine A, Young M, Cohen M, Minkoff H, Anastos K, D'Souza G, Greenblatt RM, Goedert JJ. (2010). HIV tropism and decreased risk of breast cancer. PLoS One, 5(12), e14349. PMC3002931
Journal Article
Dendritic cells reveal a broad range of MHC class I epitopes for HIV-1 in persons with suppressed viral load on antiretroviral therapy
PLoS One
2010
23-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20886040
BACKGROUND: HIV-1 remains sequestered during antiretroviral therapy (ART) and can resume high-level replication upon cessation of ART or development of drug resistance. Reactivity of memory CD8(+) T lymphocytes to HIV-1 could potentially inhibit this residual viral replication, but is largely muted by ART in relation to suppression of viral antigen burden. Dendritic cells (DC) are important for MHC class I processing and presentation of peptide epitopes to memory CD8(+) T cells, and could potentially be targeted to activate memory CD8(+) T cells to a broad array of HIV-1 epitopes during ART. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We show for the first time that HIV-1 peptide-loaded, CD40L-matured DC from HIV-1 infected persons on ART induce IFN gamma production by CD8(+) T cells specific for a much broader range and magnitude of Gag and Nef epitopes than do peptides without DC. The DC also reveal novel, MHC class I restricted, Gag and Nef epitopes that are able to induce polyfunctional T cells producing
10.1371/journal.pone.0012936
20886040
PMC2944894
Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects/immunology Cohort Studies Cytokines/genetics/immunology Dendritic Cells/drug effects/*immunology/virology Epitopes/genetics/immunology *Genes, MHC Class I HIV Infections/*drug therapy/genetics/*immunology/virology HIV-1/drug effects/immunology/*physiology Homosexuality, Male Humans Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects Male *Viral Load
Huang XL, Fan Z, Borowski L, Mailliard RB, Rolland M, Mullins JI, Day RD, Rinaldo CR (2010). Dendritic cells reveal a broad range of MHC class I epitopes for HIV-1 in persons with suppressed viral load on antiretroviral therapy. PLoS One, 5(9), e12936. PMC2944894
Journal Article
Assessing the performance of a computer-based policy model of HIV and AIDS
PLoS One
2010
9-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20844741
BACKGROUND: Model-based analyses, conducted within a decision analytic framework, provide a systematic way to combine information about the natural history of disease and effectiveness of clinical management strategies with demographic and epidemiological characteristics of the population. Among the challenges with disease-specific modeling include the need to identify influential assumptions and to assess the face validity and internal consistency of the model. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We describe a series of exercises involved in adapting a computer-based simulation model of HIV disease to the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) cohort and assess model performance as we re-parameterized the model to address policy questions in the U.S. relevant to HIV-infected women using data from the WIHS. Empiric calibration targets included 24-month survival curves stratified by treatment status and CD4 cell count. The most influential assumptions in untreated women included chronic HIV-associated
10.1371/journal.pone.0012647
20844741
PMC2936574
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*drug therapy/immunology/mortality/virology Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies *Computer Simulation Female HIV/immunology/physiology HIV Infections Humans Male *Program Evaluation *Public Policy Treatment Outcome United States
Rydzak CE, Cotich KL, Sax PE, Hsu HE, Wang B, Losina E, Freedberg KA, Weinstein MC, Goldie SJ; CEPAC Investigators (2010). Assessing the performance of a computer-based policy model of HIV and AIDS. PLoS One, 5(9), . PMC2936574
Journal Article
Topology of the C-terminal tail of HIV-1 gp41: differential exposure of the Kennedy epitope on cell and viral membranes
PLoS One
2010
7-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21151874
The C-terminal tail (CTT) of the HIV-1 gp41 envelope (Env) protein is increasingly recognized as an important determinant of Env structure and functional properties, including fusogenicity and antigenicity. While the CTT has been commonly referred to as the "intracytoplasmic domain" based on the assumption of an exclusive localization inside the membrane lipid bilayer, early antigenicity studies and recent biochemical analyses have produced a credible case for surface exposure of specific CTT sequences, including the classical "Kennedy epitope" (KE) of gp41, leading to an alternative model of gp41 topology with multiple membrane-spanning domains. The current study was designed to test these conflicting models of CTT topology by characterizing the exposure of native CTT sequences and substituted VSV-G epitope tags in cell- and virion-associated Env to reference monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). Surface staining and FACS analysis of intact, Env-expressing cells demonstrated that the KE is ac
10.1371/journal.pone.0015261
21151874
PMC2998427
Amino Acid Sequence Cell Separation Detergents/pharmacology Epitopes/chemistry Flow Cytometry HIV Envelope Protein gp41/*chemistry/metabolism HIV-1/*metabolism Humans Lipid Bilayers/chemistry Membrane Glycoproteins/chemistry Molecular Sequence Data Protein Conformation Protein Structure, Tertiary Sequence Homology, Amino Acid Surface Plasmon Resonance Viral Envelope Proteins/chemistry
Steckbeck JD, Sun C, Sturgeon TJ, Montelaro RC (2010). Topology of the C-terminal tail of HIV-1 gp41: differential exposure of the Kennedy epitope on cell and viral membranes. PLoS One, 5(12), e15261. PMC2998427
Journal Article
Predictors of reported influenza vaccination in HIV-infected women in the United States, 2006-2007 and 2007-2008 seasons
Prev Med
2010
May-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20303362
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the cumulative incidence of self-reported influenza vaccination ("vaccination coverage") and investigate predictors in HIV-infected women. METHODS: In an ongoing cohort study of HIV-infected women in five US cities, data from two influenza seasons (2006-2007 n=1209 and 2007-2008 n=1161) were used to estimate crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) and 95% confidence intervals ([,]) from Poisson regression with robust variance models using generalized estimating equations (GEE). RESULTS: In our study, 55% and 57% of HIV-infected women reported vaccination during the 2006-2007 and 2007-2008 seasons, respectively. Using data from both seasons, older age, non-smoking status, CD4 T-lymphocyte (CD4) count > or =200 cells/mm(3), and reporting at least one recent healthcare visit was associated with increased vaccination coverage. In the 2007-2008 season, a belief in the protection of the vaccine (aPR=1.38 [1.18, 1.61]) and influenza vaccination in the previous season
10.1016/j.ypmed.2010.03.007
20303362
PMC2883293
Adult Age Factors Analysis of Variance CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/complications/epidemiology/immunology/*psychology Health Care Surveys Humans Incidence *Influenza Vaccines Influenza, Human/complications/epidemiology/*prevention & control Middle Aged Patient Acceptance of Health Care/psychology/*statistics & numerical data Prevalence Regression Analysis United States/epidemiology Vaccination/psychology/*statistics & numerical data Women/education/*psychology
Althoff KN, Anastos K, Nelson KE, Celentano DD, Sharp GB, Greenblatt RM, French AL, Diamond DJ, Holman S, Young M, Gange SJ (2010). Predictors of reported influenza vaccination in HIV-infected women in the United States, 2006-2007 and 2007-2008 seasons. Prev Med, 50(6-May), 223-9. PMC2883293
Journal Article
Gonorrhoea and chlamydia testing rates of HIV-infected men: low despite guidelines
Sex Transm Infect
2010
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20519251
OBJECTIVES: Screening HIV-infected men for gonorrhoea (GC) and chlamydia (CT) may decrease HIV transmission and reduce the incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease in female partners. This study determined GC/CT testing rates in a clinical HIV cohort before and after 2003 when the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued guidelines for GC/CT screening. METHODS: First GC/CT testing episodes were identified for all men enrolling in a Baltimore HIV clinic from 1999 to 2007. Multivariate Cox and logistic regression were used to assess clinical and demographic factors associated with being tested and with having a positive result. RESULTS: Among 1110 men, the rate of GC/CT testing upon clinic enrollment increased from 4.0% prior to 2003 to 16.5% afterwards, and the rate of ever being tested increased from 34.2% to 49.1% (p<0.001 for both comparisons). Among men with same sex contact, 10% of first testing episodes included extragenital sites. Among the 342 men ever-tested, 5.2% h
10.1136/sti.2009.041541
20519251
PMC3066003
Adult Ambulatory Care/statistics & numerical data Baltimore Chlamydia Infections/complications/*diagnosis Early Diagnosis Gonorrhea/complications/*diagnosis HIV Infections/*complications Homosexuality, Male Humans Incidence Male Practice Guidelines as Topic Risk Factors Sexual Partners
Berry SA, Ghanem KG, Page KR, Thio CL, Moore RD, Gebo KA (2010). Gonorrhoea and chlamydia testing rates of HIV-infected men: low despite guidelines. Sex Transm Infect, 86(6), 481-4. PMC3066003
Journal Article
NIHMS279817
Association between human immunodeficiency virus infection and stiffness of the common carotid artery
Stroke
2010
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20798374
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who use highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) may have an increased risk for cardiovascular-related events, although the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We tested the hypothesis that carotid arterial stiffness was higher among persons using HAART compared to HAART-naive and HIV-uninfected persons. METHODS: Between 2004 and 2006, we performed high-resolution B-mode ultrasound on 2789 HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected participants of the Women's Interagency HIV Study (1865 women) and the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (924 men) and determined carotid arterial distensibility, which is a direct measure of carotid arterial stiffness. We used generalized estimating equations to evaluate the association between distensibility and HIV infection, CD4(+) cell count, and exposure to HAART adjusted for demographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics. RESULTS: In multivariable analysis, distensibility was 4.
10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.583856
20798374
PMC2972735
Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*adverse effects Atherosclerosis/diagnostic imaging/physiopathology/*virology Carotid Artery, Common/diagnostic imaging/*physiopathology/*virology Chi-Square Distribution Cross-Sectional Studies Female HIV Infections/diagnostic imaging/*physiopathology/virology Humans Immunosuppression/adverse effects Male Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis Ultrasonography Viral Load
Seaberg EC, Benning L, Sharrett AR, Lazar JM, Hodis HN, Mack WJ, Siedner MJ, Phair JP, Kingsley LA, Kaplan RC (2010). Association between human immunodeficiency virus infection and stiffness of the common carotid artery. Stroke, 41(10), 2163-70. PMC2972735
Journal Article
HBV mutations in untreated HIV-HBV co-infection using genomic length sequencing
Virology
2010
30-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20655563
HIV infection has a significant impact on the natural progression of hepatitis B virus (HBV) related liver disease. In HIV-HBV co-infected patients, little is known about mutations in the HBV genome, which can influence severity of liver disease. The aim of this study was to characterize and to determine the frequency of known clinically significant mutations in the HBV genomes from HIV-HBV co-infected patients and from HBV mono-infected patients. To accomplish this, genomic length HBV sequencing was performed in highly-active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART)-naive HIV-HBV co-infected patients (n=74) and in anti-HBV therapy-naive HBV mono-infected patients (n=55). The frequency of HBV mutations differed between the co-infected and mono-infected patients when comparing patients with the same genotype. BCP mutations A1762T and G1764A were significantly more frequent in HBV genotype C mono-infection and the -1G frameshift was significantly more frequent in co-infection and was only observe
10.1016/j.virol.2010.06.038
20655563
PMC2935930
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use Female *Genome, Viral HIV Infections/*complications/drug therapy/virology Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/genetics Hepatitis B virus/classification/*genetics Hepatitis B, Chronic/*complications/drug therapy/virology Humans Male Molecular Sequence Data *Mutation Protein Precursors/genetics *Sequence Analysis, DNA
Audsley J, Littlejohn M, Yuen L, Sasadeusz J, Ayres A, Desmond C, Spelman T, Lau G, Matthews GV, Avihingsanon A, Seaberg E, Philp F, Saulynas M, Ruxrungtham K, Dore GJ, Locarnini SA, Thio CL, Lewin SR, Revill PA (2010). HBV mutations in untreated HIV-HBV co-infection using genomic length sequencing. Virology, 405(2), 539-47. PMC2935930
Journal Article
Genital herpes evaluation by quantitative TaqMan PCR: correlating single detection and quantity of HSV-2 DNA in cervicovaginal lavage fluids with cross-sectional and longitudinal clinical data
Virology
2010
18-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21087488
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the utility of a single quantitative PCR (qPCR) measurement of HSV (HSV-1&2) DNA in cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) specimens collected from women with predominantly chronic HSV-2 infection in assessing genital HSV shedding and the clinical course of genital herpes (GH) within a cohort with semiannual schedule of follow up and collection of specimens. METHODS: Two previously described methods used for detection of HSV DNA in mucocutaneous swab samples were adapted for quantification of HSV DNA in CVLs. Single CVL specimens from 509 women were tested. Presence and quantity of CVL HSV DNA were explored in relation to observed cross-sectional and longitudinal clinical data. RESULTS: The PCR assay was sensitive and reproducible with a limit of quantification of ~50 copies per milliliter of CVL. Overall, 7% of the samples were positive for HSV-2 DNA with median log10 HSV-2 DNA copy number of 3.9 (IQR: 2.6-5.7). No HSV-1 was detected. Presence and quantity of HSV-2 DNA in
10.1186/1743-422X-7-328
21087488
PMC3000844
Adult Cervix Uteri/*virology Cross-Sectional Studies DNA, Viral/isolation & purification Female Herpes Genitalis/*diagnosis/epidemiology/pathology/virology Herpesvirus 1, Human/genetics/isolation & purification Herpesvirus 2, Human/genetics/*isolation & purification Humans Longitudinal Studies Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods Prevalence Sensitivity and Specificity Severity of Illness Index Vagina/*virology Vaginal Douching Virology/*methods
Aumakhan B, Hardick A, Quinn TC, Laeyendecker O, Gange SJ, Beyrer C, Cox C, Anastos K, Cohen M, Greenblatt RM, Merenstein DJ, Minkoff H, Nowicki M, Gaydos CA (2010). Genital herpes evaluation by quantitative TaqMan PCR: correlating single detection and quantity of HSV-2 DNA in cervicovaginal lavage fluids with cross-sectional and longitudinal clinical data. Virology, 7(), 328. PMC3000844
Journal Article
Evolution and recombination of genes encoding HIV-1 drug resistance and tropism during antiretroviral therapy
Virology
2010
15-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20451945
Characterization of residual plasma virus during antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a high priority to improve understanding of HIV-1 pathogenesis and therapy. To understand the evolution of HIV-1 pol and env genes in viremic patients under selective pressure of ART, we performed longitudinal analyses of plasma-derived pol and env sequences from single HIV-1 genomes. We tested the hypotheses that drug resistance in pol was unrelated to changes in coreceptor usage (tropism), and that recombination played a role in evolution of viral strains. Recombinants were identified by using Bayesian and other computational methods. High-level genotypic resistance was seen in approximately 70% of X4 and R5 strains during ART. There was no significant association between resistance and tropism. Each patient displayed at least one recombinant encompassing env and representing a change in predicted tropism. These data suggest that, in addition to mutation, recombination can play a significant role in shap
10.1016/j.virol.2010.04.008
20451945
PMC3186207
Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Cluster Analysis *Drug Resistance, Viral *Evolution, Molecular Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/virology HIV-1/*drug effects/genetics/isolation & purification Humans Molecular Sequence Data Phylogeny Recombination, Genetic Selection, Genetic Sequence Analysis, DNA Sequence Homology Viral Proteins/*genetics Viral Tropism/*drug effects env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/genetics pol Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/genetics
Shi B, Kitchen C, Weiser B, Mayers D, Foley B, Kemal K, Anastos K, Suchard M, Parker M, Brunner C, Burger H (2010). Evolution and recombination of genes encoding HIV-1 drug resistance and tropism during antiretroviral therapy. Virology, 404(1), 20-May. PMC3186207
Journal Article
Multi-dimensional risk factor patterns associated with non-use of highly active antiretroviral therapy among human immunodeficiency virus-infected women
Womens Health Issues
2010
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20579905
OBJECTIVES: Relationships between non-use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), race/ethnicity, violence, drug use, and other risk factors are investigated using qualitative profiles of five risk factors (unprotected sex, multiple male partners, heavy drinking, crack, cocaine or heroin use, and exposure to physical violence) and association of the profiles and race/ethnicity with non-use of HAART over time. METHODS: A hidden Markov model was used to summarize risk factor profiles and changes in profiles over time in a longitudinal sample of HIV-infected women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study with follow-up from 2002 to 2005 (n = 802). RESULTS: Four risk factor profiles corresponding to four distinct latent states were identified from the five risk factors. Trajectory analysis indicated that states characterized by high probabilities of all risk factors or by low probabilities of all risk factors were both relatively stable over time. Being in the highest risk st
10.1016/j.whi.2010.03.005
20579905
PMC2930097
Adult Alcohol-Related Disorders/epidemiology Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Cocaine-Related Disorders/epidemiology Comorbidity Confidence Intervals Ethnic Groups/statistics & numerical data Female Follow-Up Studies HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*epidemiology Humans Illicit Drugs Longitudinal Studies Middle Aged Odds Ratio Patient Compliance/psychology/*statistics & numerical data Risk Factors Smoking/epidemiology Spouse Abuse/statistics & numerical data Substance-Related Disorders/*epidemiology United States/epidemiology *Women's Health Young Adult
Jones AS, Lillie-Blanton M, Stone VE, Ip EH, Zhang Q, Wilson TE, Cohen MH, Golub ET, Hessol NA (2010). Multi-dimensional risk factor patterns associated with non-use of highly active antiretroviral therapy among human immunodeficiency virus-infected women. Womens Health Issues, 20(5), 335-42. PMC2930097
Journal Article
Renal function with use of a tenofovir-containing initial antiretroviral regimen
AIDS
2009
24-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19696652
OBJECTIVES: To determine whether tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is associated with renal dysfunction when used as part of an initial antiretroviral regimen and to assess the effect of ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor (PI/r) coadministration on renal function in TDF-treated patients. DESIGN: Analysis from a prospective observational cohort. METHODS: : We compared all antiretroviral-naive patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of more than 50 ml/min per 1.73 m (modification of diet in renal disease equation) who initiated either TDF (n = 201) or any alternative nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) (n = 231) after 1 January 2002. RESULTS: Patients taking both TDF and NRTIs experienced an initial decline in eGFR during the first 180 days of therapy, but eGFR stabilized between 180 and 720 days. There was no difference between TDF and NRTI use in 25 or 50% decline in eGFR at 1 or 2 years or in change in eGFR at 6, 12, or 24 months. Those taking TD
10.1097/QAD.0b013e32832c96e9
19696652
PMC3790472
Adenine/adverse effects/*analogs & derivatives Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*adverse effects Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/adverse effects Female Glomerular Filtration Rate/drug effects HIV Infections/*drug therapy HIV Protease Inhibitors/adverse effects Humans Kidney Diseases/*chemically induced/physiopathology Longitudinal Studies Male Organophosphonates/*adverse effects Prospective Studies Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/*adverse effects Tenofovir
Gallant JE, Moore RD (2009). Renal function with use of a tenofovir-containing initial antiretroviral regimen. AIDS, 23(15), 1971-5. PMC3790472
Journal Article
NIHMS518606
Protease inhibitor levels in hair strongly predict virologic response to treatment
AIDS
2009
20-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19165084
OBJECTIVE: Antiretroviral (ARV) therapies fail when behavioral or biologic factors lead to inadequate medication exposure. The currently available methods to assess ARV exposure are limited. Levels of ARVs in hair reflect plasma concentrations over weeks to months, and may provide a novel method for predicting therapeutic responses. DESIGN/METHODS: The Women's Interagency HIV Study, a prospective cohort of HIV-infected women, provided the basis for developing and assessing methods to measure commonly prescribed protease inhibitors (lopinavir/ritonavir and atazanavir) in small hair samples. We examined the association between hair protease inhibitor levels and initial virologic responses to therapy in multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS: ARV concentrations in hair were strongly and independently associated with treatment response for 224 women starting a new protease inhibitor-based regimen. For participants initiating lopinavir/ritonavir, the odds ratio (OR) for virologic
10.1097/QAD.0b013e328325a4a9
19165084
PMC2654235
Adult Atazanavir Sulfate CD4 Lymphocyte Count Drug Monitoring/methods Epidemiologic Methods Female HIV Infections/drug therapy/*metabolism/virology HIV Protease Inhibitors/*pharmacokinetics/therapeutic use Hair/*metabolism Humans Lopinavir Middle Aged Oligopeptides/pharmacokinetics/therapeutic use Patient Compliance Pyridines/pharmacokinetics/therapeutic use Pyrimidinones/pharmacokinetics/therapeutic use Ritonavir/pharmacokinetics/therapeutic use Specimen Handling/methods Treatment Outcome Viral Load
Gandhi M, Ameli N, Bacchetti P, Gange SJ, Anastos K, Levine A, Hyman CL, Cohen M, Young M, Huang Y, Greenblatt RM; Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) (2009). Protease inhibitor levels in hair strongly predict virologic response to treatment. AIDS, 23(4), 471-8. PMC2654235
Journal Article
Early mortality and cause of deaths in patients using HAART in Brazil and the United States
AIDS
2009
23-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19770698
OBJECTIVE: To compare the early mortality pattern and causes of death among patients starting HAART in Brazil and the United States. METHODS: We analyzed the combined data from two clinical cohorts followed at the Johns Hopkins AIDS Service in Baltimore, United States, and the Evandro Chagas Clinical Research Institute AIDS Clinic in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Participants included those who entered either cohort between 1999 and 2007 and were antiretroviral naive. Follow-up was at 1 year since HAART initiation. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to assess the role of the city on the risk of death. RESULTS: A total of 859 and 915 participants from Baltimore and Rio de Janeiro, respectively, were included. In Rio de Janeiro, 64.7% of deaths occurred within 90 days of HAART initiation; in Baltimore, 48.9% occurred between 180 and 365 days. AIDS-defining illness (61.8%) and non-AIDS-defining illness (55.6%) predominated as causes of death in Rio de Janeiro and Baltimore, r
10.1097/QAD.0b013e32832ec494
19770698
PMC3790467
Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*mortality Brazil/epidemiology CD4 Lymphocyte Count CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology Cause of Death Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/drug therapy/immunology/*mortality Humans Male Middle Aged Survival Rate United States/epidemiology Viral Load
Grinsztejn B, Veloso VG, Friedman RK, Moreira RI, Luz PM, Campos DP, Pilotto JH, Cardoso SW, Keruly JC, Moore RD (2009). Early mortality and cause of deaths in patients using HAART in Brazil and the United States. AIDS, 23(16), 2107-14. PMC3790467
Journal Article
NIHMS518615
Anal intraepithelial neoplasia in a multisite study of HIV-infected and high-risk HIV-uninfected women
AIDS
2009
2-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19050387
OBJECTIVES: To study anal intraepithelial neoplasia and its associations with anal and cervical human papillomavirus (HPV), cervical neoplasia, host immune status, and demographic and behavioral risk factors in women with and at risk for HIV infection. DESIGN: Point-prevalence analysis nested within a prospective study of women seen at three clinical centers of the Women's Interagency HIV Study. METHODS: In 2001-2003 participants were interviewed, received a gynecological examination, anal and cervical cytology testing and, if abnormal, colposcopy-guided or anoscopy-guided biopsy of visible lesions. Exfoliated cervical and anal specimens were assessed for HPV using PCR and type-specific HPV probing. Logistic regression analyses were performed, and odds ratios (ORs) estimated risks for anal intraepithelial neoplasia. RESULTS: Four hundred and seventy HIV-infected and 185 HIV-uninfected women were enrolled. Low-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia was present in 12% of HIV-infected and 5
10.1097/QAD.0b013e32831cc101
19050387
PMC2614220
Adult Age Factors Anus Neoplasms/epidemiology/pathology/*virology Carcinoma in Situ/epidemiology/pathology/*virology Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia/epidemiology/virology Epidemiologic Methods Female HIV Infections/*complications/epidemiology *hiv-1 Humans Middle Aged Papillomavirus Infections/complications/epidemiology Sexual Behavior/statistics & numerical data Socioeconomic Factors United States/epidemiology Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/epidemiology/virology
Hessol NA, Holly EA, Efird JT, Minkoff H, Schowalter K, Darragh TM, Burk RD, Strickler HD, Greenblatt RM, Palefsky JM (2009). Anal intraepithelial neoplasia in a multisite study of HIV-infected and high-risk HIV-uninfected women. AIDS, 23(1), 59-70. PMC2614220
Journal Article
Hepatitis B and long-term HIV outcomes in coinfected HAART recipients
AIDS
2009
10-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19550291
BACKGROUND: Chronic hepatitis B (CH-B) is common among HIV-infected individuals and increases liver-related mortality in the absence of HAART. The impact of CH-B on long-term HAART outcomes has not been fully characterized. METHODS: To address this question, HAART initiators enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were classified by hepatitis B category based on serology at the time of HAART initiation. The association of CH-B with mortality, AIDS-defining illnesses, CD4 cell rise, and HIV suppression was assessed using regression analysis. RESULTS: Of 816 men followed for a median of 7 years on HAART, 350 were never hepatitis B virus (HBV) infected, 357 had past infection, 45 had CH-B, and 64 were only core-antibody positive. Despite HAART, AIDS-related mortality was the most common cause of death [8.3/1000 person-years (PYs)]. It was highest in those with CH-B (17/1000 PYs, 95% confidence interval 7.3, 42) and lowest among never HBV infec
10.1097/QAD.0b013e32832e463a
19550291
PMC2861825
Adult *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active CD4 Lymphocyte Count Epidemiologic Methods HIV Infections/*complications/drug therapy/immunology/mortality *HIV-1/isolation & purification Hepatitis B, Chronic/*complications/mortality Homosexuality, Male Humans Male Middle Aged RNA, Viral/blood Treatment Outcome United States/epidemiology
Hoffmann CJ, Seaberg EC, Young S, Witt MD, D'Acunto K, Phair J, Thio CL (2009). Hepatitis B and long-term HIV outcomes in coinfected HAART recipients. AIDS, 23(14), 1881-9. PMC2861825
Journal Article
Combination HBV therapy is linked to greater HBV DNA suppression in a cohort of lamivudine-experienced HIV/HBV coinfected individuals
AIDS
2009
8/24/2009
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19584701
OBJECTIVES: To determine if highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) with combination anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) therapy compared to HAART with HBV monotherapy leads to greater HBV DNA suppression in an HIV/HBV coinfected cohort. DESIGN: A cross-sectional analysis of 122 HIV/HBV coinfected patients from Australia and the United States. METHODS: Univariate analysis and ordinal logistic regression were used to determine factors associated with an HBV DNA less than 100 IU/ml. RESULTS: The majority of patients were on HAART (85%), had an HIV RNA less than 50 copies/ml, a median CD4 cell count of 438 cells/microl, and had prior or current lamivudine therapy (98%). The majority (89%) of those on HAART were on HBV-active drugs including 54% on tenofovir (TDF) with either lamivudine (LAM) or emtrictabine (FTC), 34% receiving LAM or FTC monotherapy, and 12% on TDF monotherapy. Only 4% of patients in the combination (TDF + LAM/FTC) group had HBV DNA greater than 20 000 IU/ml compared to 54
10.1097/QAD.0b013e32832b43f2
19584701
PMC2918388
analysis antiretroviral therapy Australia CD4 Cell Count clinical cohort cross-sectional Dna drugs epidemiology follow-up HAART Hiv Lamivudine methods model research Rna study support therapies therapy United States virus
Matthews GV, Seaberg E, Dore GJ, Bowden S, Lewin SR, Sasadeusz J, Marks P, Goodman Z, Philp FH, Tang Y, Locarnini S, Thio CL (2009). Combination HBV therapy is linked to greater HBV DNA suppression in a cohort of lamivudine-experienced HIV/HBV coinfected individuals. AIDS, 23(13), 1707-1715. PMC2918388
Journal Article
Increased risk of hepatotoxicity in HIV-infected pregnant women receiving antiretroviral therapy independent of nevirapine exposure
AIDS
2009
27-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19617813
OBJECTIVE: To estimate whether the association between nevirapine (NVP) and hepatotoxicity differs according to pregnancy status in HIV-infected women. METHODS: The present analysis included HIV-infected pregnant women on antiretroviral therapy (ART) from two multicenter, prospective cohorts - the Women and Infants Transmission Study and the International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials protocol P1025 - and HIV-infected nonpregnant women from one multicenter, prospective cohort - the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression, the interaction between NVP and pregnancy status in terms of hepatotoxicity was investigated. NVP use was dichotomized as use or no use and was further categorized according to ART exposure history. We investigated two outcomes: any liver enzyme elevation (LEE; grade 1-4) and severe LEE (grade 3-4). RESULTS: Data on 2050 HIV-infected women taking ART were included: 1229 (60.0%) pregnant and 821 (40.0%)
10.1097/QAD.0b013e32832e34b1
19617813
PMC2783653
Anti-HIV Agents/*adverse effects Anti-Retroviral Agents/adverse effects Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/etiology/*prevention & control Female HIV Infections/complications/*drug therapy/transmission Humans Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/*prevention & control Nevirapine/*adverse effects Pregnancy Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/*drug therapy Prospective Studies Regression Analysis Treatment Outcome
Ouyang DW, Shapiro DE, Lu M, Brogly SB, French AL, Leighty RM, Thompson B, Tuomala RE, Hershow RC (2009). Increased risk of hepatotoxicity in HIV-infected pregnant women receiving antiretroviral therapy independent of nevirapine exposure. AIDS, 23(18), 2425-30. PMC2783653
Journal Article
The 'immunologic advantage' of HIV-exposed seronegative individuals [letter to the editor]
AIDS
2009
7/31/2009
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19622908
10.1097/QAD.0b013e32832d74b5
19622908
letter seronegative
R. Detels (2009). The 'immunologic advantage' of HIV-exposed seronegative individuals [letter to the editor]. AIDS, 23(12), 1611.
Journal Article
HIV infection and the risk of cancers with and without a known infectious cause
AIDS
2009
13-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19741479
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the risk of cancers with and without a known infectious cause in HIV-infected persons. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. METHODS: Adult HIV-infected and matched HIV-uninfected members of Kaiser Permanente followed between 1996 and 2007 for incident AIDS-defining cancers (ADCs), infection-related non-AIDS-defining cancers (NADCs; anal squamous cell, vagina/vulva, Hodgkin's lymphoma, penis, liver, human papillomavirus-related oral cavity/pharynx, stomach) and infection-unrelated NADC (all other NADCs). RESULTS: We identified 20 277 HIV-infected and 202 313 HIV-uninfected persons. HIV-infected persons experienced 552 ADC, 221 infection-related NADC, and 388 infection-unrelated NADC. HIV-uninfected persons experienced 179 ADC, 284 infection-related NADC, and 3418 infection-unrelated NADC. The rate ratio comparing HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected persons for ADC was 37.7 [95% confidence interval (CI): 31.7-44.8], with decreases in the rate ratio over time (P < 0.001)
10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283319184
19741479
PMC2863991
Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Anus Neoplasms/epidemiology/etiology CD4 Lymphocyte Count California/epidemiology Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/epidemiology/etiology Epidemiologic Methods Female HIV Infections/complications/*epidemiology/immunology Humans Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/epidemiology/etiology Male Neoplasms/*epidemiology/etiology/immunology Registries/statistics & numerical data
Silverberg MJ, Chao C, Leyden WA, Xu L, Tang B, Horberg MA, Klein D, Quesenberry CP Jr, Towner WJ, Abrams DI (2009). HIV infection and the risk of cancers with and without a known infectious cause. AIDS, 23(17), 2337-45. PMC2863991
Journal Article
NIHMS198381
Association of hepatitis C virus and HIV infection with subclinical atherosclerosis in the women's interagency HIV study
AIDS
2009
24-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19553807
Whether hepatitis C virus coinfection might accelerate atherosclerosis in HIV-infected individuals is unclear. We examined the relationship of HIV and hepatitis C virus with carotid artery intima media thickness and the presence of carotid plaques in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Hepatitis C virus infection was not associated with greater carotid artery intima media thickness after adjustment for demographic and traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Further follow-up is needed to clarify whether HIV/hepatitis C virus coinfection may be associated with a greater risk of carotid plaque.
10.1097/QAD.0b013e32832d7aa8
19553807
PMC2847440
Adult Atherosclerosis/diagnostic imaging/*virology Carotid Artery Diseases/diagnostic imaging/virology Cross-Sectional Studies Female HIV Infections/*complications Hepatitis C, Chronic/*complications Humans Middle Aged Ultrasonography
Tien PC, Schneider MF, Cole SR, Cohen MH, Glesby MJ, Lazar J, Young M, Mack W, Hodis HN, Kaplan RC (2009). Association of hepatitis C virus and HIV infection with subclinical atherosclerosis in the women's interagency HIV study. AIDS, 23(13), 1781-4. PMC2847440
Journal Article
Self-perception of body fat changes and HAART adherence in the Women's Interagency HIV Study
AIDS Behav
2009
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18688706
To determine the association of self-perceived fat gain or fat loss in central and peripheral body sites with adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in HIV-seropositive women. 1,671 women from the Women's Interagency HIV Study who reported HAART use between April 1999 and March 2006 were studied. Adherence was defined as report of taking HAART >/= 95% of the time during the prior 6 months. Participant report of any increase or decrease in the chest, abdomen, or upper back in the prior 6 months defined central fat gain and central fat loss, respectively. Report of any increase or decrease in the face, arms, legs or buttocks in the prior 6 months defined peripheral fat gain or peripheral fat loss. Younger age, being African-American (vs. White non-Hispanic), a history of IDU, higher HIV RNA at the previous visit, and alcohol consumption were significant predictors of HAART non-adherence (P < 0.05). After multivariate adjustment, self-perception of central fat gain was
10.1007/s10461-008-9444-7
18688706
PMC2902995
Adult Age Factors Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*psychology Body Fat Distribution/*psychology *Body Image Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/psychology Humans Medication Adherence/*psychology Multivariate Analysis Odds Ratio Prospective Studies
Plankey M, Bacchetti P, Jin C, Grimes B, Hyman C, Cohen M, Howard AA, Tien PC (2009). Self-perception of body fat changes and HAART adherence in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. AIDS Behav, 13(1), 53-9. PMC2902995
Journal Article
HAART receipt and viral suppression among HIV-infected patients with co-occurring mental illness and illicit drug use
AIDS Care
2009
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19444675
Mental illness (MI) and illicit drug use (DU) frequently co-occur. We sought to determine the individual and combined effects of MI and DU on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) receipt and HIV-RNA suppression among individuals engaged in HIV care. Using 2004 data from the HIV Research Network (HIVRN), we performed a cross-sectional study of HIV-infected patients followed at seven primary care sites. Outcomes of interest were HAART receipt and virological suppression, defined as an HIV-RNA <400 copies/ml. Independent variables of interest were: (1) MI/DU; (2) DU only; (3) MI only; and (4) Neither. We used chi-squared analysis for comparison of categorical variables, and logistic regression to adjust for age, race, sex, frequency of outpatient visits, years in clinical care, CD4 nadir, and study site. During 2004, 10,284 individuals in the HIVRN were either on HAART or HAART eligible defined as a CD4 cell count < or =350. Nearly half had neither MI nor DU (41%), 22% MI only, 15
10.1080/09540120802459762
19444675
PMC2727701
Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*trends CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*metabolism Comorbidity Cross-Sectional Studies Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/epidemiology Humans Male Mental Disorders/epidemiology Middle Aged RNA, Viral Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology Young Adult
Chander G, Himelhoch S, Fleishman JA, Hellinger J, Gaist P, Moore RD, Gebo KA (2009). HAART receipt and viral suppression among HIV-infected patients with co-occurring mental illness and illicit drug use. AIDS Care, 21(5), 655-63. PMC2727701
Journal Article
NIHMS122174
CYP1A1 genotype modifies the impact of smoking on effectiveness of HAART among women
AIDS Educ Prev
2009
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19537956
We have recently shown that cigarette smoking is associated with lesser responses to potent antiretroviral therapies. Certain Cytochrome P-450 enzymes activate compounds derived from tobacco smoke into toxic forms that may promote HIV-1 gene expression through promotion of DNA-adduct formation by the oxidation of chemical constituents of cigarette smoke, such as polyaromatic hydrocarbons and dioxins. To explore the association between environmental and genetic factors to viral replication in women who smoke and receive highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART), we assessed the impact of polymorphisms in a panel of four Cytochrome P-450 genes (CYP1A1, CYP2A6, CYP2D6, and CYP2E1) and two Glutathione S-transferase genes (GSTM1 and GSST1) in 924 participants of the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). Our findings showed that GSTM1 and GSST1 deletions were not associated with HAART effectiveness. By contrast, homozygosity for the CYP1A1-m1 polymorphism, was associated with impaired vi
10.1521/aeap.2009.21.3_supp.81
19537956
PMC2754267
Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1/*genetics DNA Adducts/genetics Disease Progression Female Follow-Up Studies Gene Expression Genotype Glutathione Transferase/genetics HIV Infections/*drug therapy/metabolism/pathology Hiv-1 Humans Kaplan-Meier Estimate Longitudinal Studies Polymerase Chain Reaction Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length Prevalence Proportional Hazards Models Smoking/adverse effects/*genetics Treatment Outcome Viral Load *Virus Replication
Feldman DN, Feldman JG, Greenblatt R, Anastos K, Pearce L, Cohen M, Gange S, Leanza S, Burk R (2009). CYP1A1 genotype modifies the impact of smoking on effectiveness of HAART among women. AIDS Educ Prev, 21(3 Suppl), 81-93. PMC2754267
Journal Article
The prevalence of rectal, urethral, and pharyngeal Neisseria gonorrheae and Chlamydia trachomatis among asymptomatic men who have sex with men in a prospective cohort in Washington, D.C
AIDS Patient Care STDS
2009
Aug-09
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19591608
10.1089/apc.2008.0277
19591608
PMC2760271
asymptomatic Chlamydia trachomatis cohort letter Prevalence research sex support
Baker J, Plankey M, Josayma Y, Elion R, Chiliade P, Shahkolahi A, Menna M, Miniter K, Slack R, Yang Y, Masterman B, Margolick JB (2009). The prevalence of rectal, urethral, and pharyngeal Neisseria gonorrheae and Chlamydia trachomatis among asymptomatic men who have sex with men in a prospective cohort in Washington, D.C. AIDS Patient Care STDS, 23(8), 585-588. PMC2760271
Journal Article
Prevalence and correlates of elevated body mass index among HIV-positive and HIV-negative women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study
AIDS Patient Care STDS
2009
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19909168
Since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and the subsequent increased life expectancy in HIV-infected persons, non-HIV-related diseases have become an important cause of morbidity and mortality. This cross-sectional study reports the prevalence of overweight and obesity, and sociodemographic, psychological, and substance use-related risk factors for elevated body mass index (BMI) among 2157 HIV-seropositive (HIV+) in comparison to 730 HIV-seronegative (HIV-) participants in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). Separate univariable and multivariate linear regression analyses were completed for HIV+ and HIV- women. Our study revealed a similar proportion of obesity (body mass index [BMI] >or=30) among HIV+ (33%) and HIV- women (29%) (p = 0.12), as well as comparable median BMI (HIV+: 26.1 versus HIV-: 26.7, p = 0.16). HIV+ compared to HIV- women, respectively, were significantly (p < 0.01) older (median = 35.6 versus. 32.5), but similar (p = 0.97) by ra
10.1089/apc.2009.0175
19909168
PMC2832643
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*adverse effects Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active *Body Mass Index Cohort Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Female HIV Infections/complications/*drug therapy Humans Middle Aged Obesity/complications/epidemiology Prevalence Young Adult
Boodram B, Plankey MW, Cox C, Tien PC, Cohen MH, Anastos K, Karim R, Hyman C, Hershow RC (2009). Prevalence and correlates of elevated body mass index among HIV-positive and HIV-negative women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. AIDS Patient Care STDS, 23(12), 1009-16. PMC2832643
Journal Article
Factors associated with prevalent hepatitis C infection among HIV-infected women with no reported history of injection drug use: the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS)
AIDS Patient Care STDS
2009
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19877800
Although the primary mode of hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission is exposure to blood products or injection drug use (IDU), studies have found varying independent risk factors for HCV infection among persons with no history of IDU or exposure to blood products. For HIV-infected women, sexual transmission may be another potential source of HCV infection. HIV-infected and HIV-negative women at risk for HIV enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) during October 1994 to November 1995 and again between October 2001 and November 2002 were studied. Clinical and demographic factors associated with HCV seroprevalence were assessed in multivariate logistic regression models controlling for history of blood transfusion and IDU. Among 3636 women with HCV results, 31.5% were HCV antibody positive (HCV+) including 13.5% with no reported history of IDU or blood transfusions. Multivariate logistic regression analyses stratified on IDU showed that among women with no history of IDU, sex w
10.1089/apc.2009.0111
19877800
PMC2823487
Adult Blood Transfusion Female HIV Infections/*complications/virology Hepacivirus/*immunology Hepatitis C/complications/*epidemiology/transmission/virology Hepatitis C Antibodies/*blood Humans Logistic Models Male Prevalence Risk Factors Sexual Behavior Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral/epidemiology/transmission/virology Substance Abuse, Intravenous/*complications
Frederick T, Burian P, Terrault N, Cohen M, Augenbraun M, Young M, Seaberg E, Justman J, Levine AM, Mack WJ, Kovacs A (2009). Factors associated with prevalent hepatitis C infection among HIV-infected women with no reported history of injection drug use: the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). AIDS Patient Care STDS, 23(11), 915-23. PMC2823487
Journal Article
Disclosure of complementary and alternative medicine use to health care providers among HIV-infected women
AIDS Patient Care STDS
2009
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19821723
To determine prevalence and predictors of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use disclosure to health care providers and whether CAM use disclosure is associated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) adherence among HIV-infected women, we analyzed longitudinal data collected between October 1994 and March 2002 from HIV-infected CAM-using women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Repeated measures Poisson regression models were constructed to evaluate associations of selected predictors with CAM use disclosure and association between CAM use disclosure and HAART adherence. A total of 1,377 HIV-infected women reported CAM use during study follow-up and contributed a total of 4,689 CAM-using person visits. The overall prevalence of CAM use disclosure to health care providers was 36% across study visits. Women over 45 years old, with a college education, or with health insurance coverage were more likely to disclose their CAM use to health care providers, w
10.1089/apc.2009.0134
19821723
PMC2801553
Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*statistics & numerical data Attitude to Health Complementary Therapies/*statistics & numerical data *Disclosure Female HIV Infections/drug therapy/psychology/*therapy Hiv-1 Health Personnel Humans *Patient Compliance Poisson Distribution *Women's Health
Liu C, Yang Y, Gange SJ, Weber K, Sharp GB, Wilson TE, Levine A, Robison E, Goparaju L, Gandhi M, Merenstein D (2009). Disclosure of complementary and alternative medicine use to health care providers among HIV-infected women. AIDS Patient Care STDS, 23(11), 965-71. PMC2801553
Journal Article
Association of child care burden and household composition with adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy in the Women's Interagency HIV Study
AIDS Patient Care STDS
2009
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19243274
Our objective was to describe the association that childcare burden, household composition, and health care utilization have with adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) among women in the United States. The primary outcome was 95% or more adherence to HAART evaluated at 10,916 semiannual visits between October 1998 and March 2006 among 1419 HIV-infected participants enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. HAART adherence levels of 95% or more were reported at 76% of the semiannual visits. At only 4% of the person-visits did women report either quite a bit or extreme difficulty in caring for child; at 52% of the person-visits women reported at least one child 18 years of age or older living in the household. We found a one-unit increase in the difficulty in caring for children (childcare burden was assessed on a 5-point scale: not difficult [1] to extremely difficult [5]) was associated with a 6% decreased odds of 95% or more HAART adherence (adjusted odds rati
10.1089/apc.2008.0161
19243274
PMC2674283
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Child *Child Care Cohort Studies *Family Characteristics Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/virology Hiv-1 Humans Mother-Child Relations *Patient Compliance/statistics & numerical data Surveys and Questionnaires United States
Merenstein D, Schneider MF, Cox C, Schwartz R, Weber K, Robison E, Gandhi M, Richardson J, Plankey MW (2009). Association of child care burden and household composition with adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. AIDS Patient Care STDS, 23(4), 289-96. PMC2674283
Journal Article
Experience of pain among women with advanced HIV disease
AIDS Patient Care STDS
2009
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19534600
We evaluated pain frequency and severity in 339 women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). Among these, 63% were 39 years of age or younger, 17% were white, 54% African American, and 29% Hispanic; 32% did not complete high school; 58% had a CD4 less than 200; 65% had clinical AIDS; 60% were on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART); and 32% had a viral load of 50,000 or more. Data were collected between 1996 and 1998. Within the past 6 months 190 (56%) women experienced pain 6 or more days and 168 (50%) women indicated pain severity scores of 4 or 5 (5-point scale). Pain frequency and pain severity were not associated with age, education, ethnicity, current therapy, or location of the WIHS site. Pain frequency and severity were related to lower CD4 count, higher depression, with a history and longer duration of smoking and use of marijuana. Severity was associated with a history of crack/cocaine or heroin use or with injection drug use as the transmission categor
10.1089/apc.2008.0128
19534600
PMC2792586
Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/adverse effects CD4 Lymphocyte Count Female HIV Infections/*complications/drug therapy/virology Hiv-1 Humans Logistic Models Middle Aged Pain/*complications/epidemiology/etiology Pain Measurement/methods/*statistics & numerical data Prevalence Prospective Studies Severity of Illness Index Substance-Related Disorders/*complications Surveys and Questionnaires United States/epidemiology Viral Load
Richardson JL, Heikes B, Karim R, Weber K, Anastos K, Young M (2009). Experience of pain among women with advanced HIV disease. AIDS Patient Care STDS, 23(7), 503-11. PMC2792586
Journal Article
Regulatory T cell expansion and immune activation during untreated HIV type 1 infection are associated with disease progression
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2009
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19239357
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) may play an important role in the immunopathology of chronic HIV-1 infection due to their potent suppressive activity of both T cell activation and effector function. To investigate the correlation between Tregs and immune activation during untreated chronic HIV-1 infection, we conducted a nested case-control study within the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Twenty HIV-1-infected fast progressors (FP) and 40 slow progressors (SP) were included in our study using risk-set sampling. Nine age-matched HIV-1-uninfected men (UI) were also included. Cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMBCs) were tested using flow cytometry analyses. We identified Tregs as Foxp3+CD25+CD4+ T cells and assessed the activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells by the expression of CD38, HLADR, or both markers simultaneously. There is a relative expansion of Tregs during HIV-1 infection, which is associated with disease progression. The increased CD38 expression on both CD4+ a
10.1089/aid.2008.0140
19239357
PMC2782619
ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1/analysis Adult CD4 Antigens/analysis CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology Case-Control Studies Disease Progression Forkhead Transcription Factors/analysis HIV Infections/*immunology/*virology HIV-1/*immunology Humans Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit/analysis Lymphocyte Activation Male Middle Aged T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/chemistry/*immunology Young Adult
Cao W, Jamieson BD, Hultin LE, Hultin PM, Detels R (2009). Regulatory T cell expansion and immune activation during untreated HIV type 1 infection are associated with disease progression. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 25(2), 183-91. PMC2782619
Journal Article
Recreational drug use and risk of Kaposi's sarcoma in HIV- and HHV-8-coinfected homosexual men
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2009
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19108691
Experimental data suggested that exposure to recreational drugs might adversely affect antitumor immunity, which led us to examine the hypothesis that use of marijuana, cocaine, poppers, and amphetamines might increase the risk of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) in HIV- and HHV-8-coinfected homosexual men. We analyzed data prospectively collected from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) between 1984 and 2002. Among the 1335 HIV- and HHV-8-coinfected white men, 401 KS cases were identified. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate the effects of time-varying recreational drug use on KS risk adjusting for potential confounders. The effects of both recent use (6 months prior) of recreational drugs and lagged exposure (i.e., use from 3 and 5 years prior) were examined. We did not observe any clear association with KS for recent use of any of the four drugs. In the analyses using lagged exposures, KS risk was associated with use of poppers 3-5 years prior [hazard ratio (HR)(3 ye
10.1089/aid.2008.0196
19108691
PMC2981355
Adult HIV Infections/*complications Herpesviridae Infections/*complications Homosexuality Humans *Illicit Drugs Male Risk Factors Sarcoma, Kaposi/*epidemiology United States
Chao C, Jacobson LP, Jenkins FJ, Tashkin D, Martínez-Maza O, Roth MD, Ng L, Margolick JB, Chmiel JS, Zhang ZF, Detels R (2009). Recreational drug use and risk of Kaposi's sarcoma in HIV- and HHV-8-coinfected homosexual men. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 25(2), 149-56. PMC2981355
Journal Article
Arterial wave reflection in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected Rwandan women
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2009
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19689195
To assess differences in arterial wave reflection, a marker of atherosclerosis, in HIV-positive and HIV-negative Rwandan women, applanation tonometry was performed on 276 HIV(+) and 67 HIV(-) participants. Radial artery pressure waveforms were recorded and central aortic waveforms were derived by validated transfer function. Central augmentation index (C-AI), central pulse pressure (C-PP), and peripheral augmentation index (P-AI) were measured. HIV(+) participants were younger and had lower diastolic blood pressure (BP) and 41% of the HIV(+) women were taking antiretroviral therapy (ART). Mean C-AI and P-AI were significantly lower in HIV-infected than in uninfected participants (20.3 +/- 12.0 vs. 25.5 +/- 12.1, p = 0.002 and 74.6 +/- 18.8 vs. 83.7 +/- 20.0, p < 0.001). After age matching, C-AI, C-PP, and P-AI were similar among the groups. On multivariate analysis, age, heart rate, weight, and mean arterial pressure were independently associated with C-AI (R(2) = 0.33, p < 0.0001). Am
10.1089/aid.2008.0269
19689195
PMC2858930
Adult Arteries/*pathology Atherosclerosis/diagnosis/*epidemiology Female HIV Infections/*complications Humans Middle Aged Pulse Rwanda
Lazar JM, Wu X, Shi Q, Kagame A, Cohen M, Binagwaho A, Munyakazi L, Salciccioli L, Shi D, Anastos K (2009). Arterial wave reflection in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected Rwandan women. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 25(9), 877-82. PMC2858930
Journal Article
Elevated NT-pro-BNP levels are associated with comorbidities among HIV-infected women
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2009
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19803714
HIV infection is associated with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and accelerated atherosclerosis. These conditions result in elevation of plasma natriuretic peptide (NP) levels. The present study compares N-terminal-pro-BNP (NT-pro-BNP) levels in HIV-infected and -uninfected women and identifies factors influencing NT-pro-BNP levels in HIV-infected women. A total of 454 HIV-infected and 200 HIV-uninfected participants from the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) had NT-pro-BNP determination. Elevated NT-pro-BNP level was defined using previously determined age stratified cut-off values of >164 ng/liter (age <60 years) and >225 (age > or = 60 years). HIV-infected women were older (41.6 +/- 8.9 vs. 38.9 +/- 10.5 years, p < 0.01) and were more likely to have anemia, hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies, and kidney dysfunction than HIV-uninfected women. HIV-infected women had significantly higher NT-pro-BNP levels (142.4 +/- 524.8 vs. 73.6 +/- 115.1 ng/liter, p = 0.01) and a higher preval
10.1089/aid.2009.0038
19803714
PMC2791362
Adult Anemia/physiopathology Comorbidity Female HIV Infections/*complications/epidemiology/*physiopathology Hepatitis C/physiopathology Humans Kidney Diseases/physiopathology Middle Aged Natriuretic Peptides/*blood
Mansoor A, Althoff K, Gange S, Anastos K, Dehovitz J, Minkoff H, Kaplan R, Holman S, Lazar JM (2009). Elevated NT-pro-BNP levels are associated with comorbidities among HIV-infected women. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 25(10), 997-1004. PMC2791362
Journal Article
The association of HIV infection with left ventricular mass/hypertrophy
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2009
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19397399
Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is an independent predictor of major cardiovascular events. Cardiovascular risk is increased among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. To assess LV mass/hypertrophy in HIV infection, 654 women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study underwent transthoracic echocardiography. There were 454 HIV-infected and 200 uninfected women, mean age 40.8 +/- 9.3 years. LV mass/height(2.7) was similar between the HIV-infected and the HIV-uninfected groups (41.4 +/- 11.1 vs. 39.9 +/- 10.3 g/h(2.7); p = 0.37). The prevalence of LVH was similar between the two groups (LVH by LV mass/height(2.7) criteria 15.0% vs. 13.0%, p = 0.29). Relative wall thickness (RWT), defined as the ratio of LV wall thickness to cavity diameter, was also similar between the HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected groups (0.36 +/- 0.05 vs. 0.37 +/- 0.06, p = 0.16). On multiple linear regression analysis adjusting for age, W/H ratio, triceps skinfold thickness, systolic/diastoli
10.1089/aid.2008.0170
19397399
PMC2801578
Adult Echocardiography Female HIV Infections/*complications Humans Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/*epidemiology Middle Aged Prevalence Risk Factors
Mansoor A, Golub ET, Dehovitz J, Anastos K, Kaplan RC, Lazar JM (2009). The association of HIV infection with left ventricular mass/hypertrophy. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 25(5), 475-81. PMC2801578
Journal Article
Fat distribution and longitudinal anthropometric changes in HIV-infected men with and without clinical evidence of lipodystrophy and HIV-uninfected controls: a substudy of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
AIDS Res Ther
2009
2009
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19439092
Background: Fat abnormalities are common among HIV-infected persons, but few studies have compared regional body fat distribution, including visceral fat, in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected persons and their subsequent trajectories in body composition over time. Methods: Between 1999 and 2002, 33 men with clinical evidence of lipodystrophy (LIPO+), 23 HIV-infected men without clinical evidence of lipodytrophy (LIPO-), and 33 HIV-uninfected men were recruited from the four sites of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Participants underwent dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, quantitative computerized tomography of the abdomen and thigh, and circumference measurements of the waist, hip and thigh. Circumference measurements at each semi-annual MACS visit between recruitment and 2008 were used to compare average annual anthropometric changes in the 3 groups. Results: Body mass index (BMI) was lower in LIPO+ men than in the LIPO- men and the HIV- uninfected controls (BMI: 23.6 ± 0.4 vs
10.1186/1742-6405-6-8
19439092
PMC2686733
Adipose Tissue AIDS Baltimore Body Mass Index change clinical cohort Cohort Studies cohort study control follow-up Hiv Lipodystrophy longitudinal MACS measurement methods multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study recruitment Risk study Time
Brown TT, Xu X, John M, Singh J, Kingsley LA, Palella FJ, Witt MD, Margolick JB, Dobs AS (2009). Fat distribution and longitudinal anthropometric changes in HIV-infected men with and without clinical evidence of lipodystrophy and HIV-uninfected controls: a substudy of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. AIDS Res Ther, 6(), 8. PMC2686733
Journal Article
Detection of HIV-1 RNA/DNA and CD4 mRNA in feces and urine from chronic HIV-1 infected subjects with and without anti-retroviral therapy
AIDS Res Ther
2009
2009
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19799780
HIV-1 infects gut associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) very early after transmission by multiple routes. The infected GALT consequently serves as the major reservoir for HIV-1 infection and could constantly shed HIV-1 and CD4+ T cells into the intestinal lumen. To examine this hypothesis, we monitored HIV-1 RNA/DNA and CD4 mRNA in fecal samples of chronically infected subjects with and without antiretroviral therapy (ART). We compared this to levels of HIV-1 RNA/DNA in urine and blood from the same subjects. Our results show that HIV-1 DNA, RNA and CD4 mRNA were detected in 8%, 19% and 31% respectively, of feces samples from infected subjects with detectable plasma viral load, and were not detected in any of subjects on ART with undetectable plasma viral load. In urine samples, HIV-1 DNA was detected in 24% of infected subjects with detectable plasma viral load and 23% of subjects on ART with undetectable plasma viral load. Phylogenetic analysis of the envelope sequences of HIV-1 reveale
10.1186/1742-6405-6-20
19799780
PMC2761414
analysis antiretroviral therapy ART blood CD4 CD4+ cells Disease Dna Feces health Hiv-1 HIV-1 infection infection infectious diseases microbiology mRNA pathogenesis Pennsylvania Pittsburgh population Public Health Rna sera study t cell t-cells therapies therapy Time transmission Viral Load virus
Chakrabarti AK, Caruso L, Ding M, Shen C, Buchanan W, Gupta P, Rinaldo CR, Chen Y (2009). Detection of HIV-1 RNA/DNA and CD4 mRNA in feces and urine from chronic HIV-1 infected subjects with and without anti-retroviral therapy. AIDS Res Ther, 6(), 20. PMC2761414
Journal Article
Serum lipid profiles among patients initiating ritonavir-boosted atazanavir versus efavirenz-based regimens
AIDS Res Ther
2009
22-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19545433
BACKGROUND: Antiretrovirals used to treat HIV-infected patients have the potential to adversely affect serum lipid profiles and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease which is an emerging concern among HIV-infected patients. Since boosted atazanavir and efavirenz are both considered preferred antiretrovirals a head to head comparison of their effects on serum lipids is needed. AIM: The primary objective of the study was to compare the effects of atazanavir (boosted and unboosted) and efavirenz based regimens on serum lipid profiles. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort study nested within three ongoing cohorts of HIV-infected individuals. STUDY POPULATION AND METHODS: Participants initiating either atazanavir or efavirenz based regimens with documented pre- and post-initiation lipid values. Multivariate linear regression was conducted to estimate adjusted mean differences between treatment groups for high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), non-HDL-c, and log total cholesterol (T
10.1186/1742-6405-6-13
19545433
PMC2712469
Ganesan A, Benning L, Golub ET, Riddle M, Crum-Cianflone N, Tasker S, Jacobson L, Gange SJ (2009). Serum lipid profiles among patients initiating ritonavir-boosted atazanavir versus efavirenz-based regimens. AIDS Res Ther, 6(), 13. PMC2712469
Journal Article
Effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on incident AIDS using calendar period as an instrumental variable
Am J Epidemiol
2009
1-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19318615
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) researchers often use calendar periods as an imperfect proxy for highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) when estimating the effect of HAART on HIV disease progression. The authors report on 614 HIV-positive homosexual men followed from 1984 to 2007 in 4 US cities. During 5,321 person-years, 268 of 614 men incurred acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, 49 died, and 90 were lost to follow-up. Comparing the pre-HAART calendar period (<1996) with the HAART calendar period (>or=1996) resulted in a naive rate ratio of 3.62 (95% confidence limits: 2.67, 4.92). However, this estimate is likely biased because of misclassification of HAART use by calendar period. Simple calendar period approaches may circumvent confounding by indication at the cost of inducing exposure misclassification. To correct this misclassification, the authors propose an instrumental-variable estimator analogous to ones previously used for noncompliance corrections in randomized clin
10.1093/aje/kwp002
19318615
PMC2732979
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/blood/epidemiology/*prevention & control Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*statistics & numerical data Bias Cohort Studies Computer Simulation Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic HIV/*drug effects HIV Seropositivity/blood/*drug therapy/*epidemiology Homosexuality, Male Humans Incidence Male Models, Statistical Surveys and Questionnaires Time Factors United States/epidemiology Urban Health
Cain LE, Cole SR, Greenland S, Brown TT, Chmiel JS, Kingsley L, Detels R (2009). Effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on incident AIDS using calendar period as an instrumental variable. Am J Epidemiol, 169(9), 1124-32. PMC2732979
Journal Article
Longitudinal trends in hazardous alcohol consumption among women with human immunodeficiency virus infection, 1995-2006
Am J Epidemiol
2009
15-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19270052
Hazardous alcohol consumption among women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with several adverse health and behavioral outcomes, but the proportion of HIV-positive women who engage in hazardous drinking over time is unclear. The authors sought to determine rates of hazardous alcohol consumption among these women over time and to identify factors associated with this behavior. Subjects were 2,770 HIV-positive women recruited from 6 US cities who participated in semiannual follow-up visits in the Women's Interagency HIV Study from 1995 to 2006. Hazardous alcohol consumption was defined as exceeding daily (> or =4 drinks) or weekly (>7 drinks) consumption recommendations. Over the 11-year follow-up period, 14%-24% of the women reported past-year hazardous drinking, with a slight decrease in hazardous drinking over time. Women were significantly more likely to report hazardous drinking if they were unemployed, were not high school graduates, had been enrolled
10.1093/aje/kwp004
19270052
PMC2727230
Adult Alcohol Drinking/*epidemiology Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Comorbidity Female HIV Infections/drug therapy/*epidemiology Humans Longitudinal Studies Multivariate Analysis Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology United States/epidemiology
Cook RL, Zhu F, Belnap BH, Weber K, Cook JA, Vlahov D, Wilson TE, Hessol NA, Plankey M, Howard AA, Cole SR, Sharp GB, Richardson JL, Cohen MH (2009). Longitudinal trends in hazardous alcohol consumption among women with human immunodeficiency virus infection, 1995-2006. Am J Epidemiol, 169(8), 1025-32. PMC2727230
Journal Article
Competing risk regression models for epidemiologic data
Am J Epidemiol
2009
15-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19494242
Competing events can preclude the event of interest from occurring in epidemiologic data and can be analyzed by using extensions of survival analysis methods. In this paper, the authors outline 3 regression approaches for estimating 2 key quantities in competing risks analysis: the cause-specific relative hazard ((cs)RH) and the subdistribution relative hazard ((sd)RH). They compare and contrast the structure of the risk sets and the interpretation of parameters obtained with these methods. They also demonstrate the use of these methods with data from the Women's Interagency HIV Study established in 1993, treating time to initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy or to clinical disease progression as competing events. In our example, women with an injection drug use history were less likely than those without a history of injection drug use to initiate therapy prior to progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or death by both measures of association ((cs)RH = 0.67, 95
10.1093/aje/kwp107
19494242
PMC2732996
Adult Confidence Intervals *Epidemiologic Methods Female HIV Infections/*epidemiology Humans Kaplan-Meier Estimate Maryland/epidemiology *Models, Statistical Multivariate Analysis Proportional Hazards Models *Regression Analysis *Risk Assessment Survival Analysis
Lau B, Cole SR, Gange SJ (2009). Competing risk regression models for epidemiologic data. Am J Epidemiol, 170(2), 244-56. PMC2732996
Journal Article
Hepatitis C seropositivity and kidney function decline among women with HIV: data from the Women's Interagency HIV Study
Am J Kidney Dis
2009
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19394735
BACKGROUND: How coinfection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) impacts on the trajectory of kidney function in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients is unclear. This study examined the effect of HCV infection on kidney function over time in women infected with HIV. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective observational cohort. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: Study sample included participants from the Women's Interagency HIV Study who were HIV infected and had undergone HCV antibody testing and serum creatinine measurement at baseline. PREDICTOR: HCV seropositivity. OUTCOMES & MEASUREMENT: Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) calculated from semi-annual serum creatinine measurements using the 4-variable Modification of Diet in Renal Diseases (MDRD) Study equation. Linear mixed models were used to evaluate the independent effect of HCV seropositivity on eGFR over time, adjusting for demographic factors, comorbid conditions, illicit drug use, measures of HIV disease status, use of medications
10.1053/j.ajkd.2009.02.009
19394735
PMC2997705
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/complications/*physiopathology Cohort Studies Creatinine/blood Female Glomerular Filtration Rate/physiology HIV Infections/complications/*physiopathology Hepatitis C/complications/*physiopathology Humans Kidney/*physiopathology Linear Models Middle Aged Outcome Assessment, Health Care Prospective Studies Retrospective Studies
Tsui J, Vittinghoff E, Anastos K, Augenbraun M, Young M, Nowicki M, Cohen MH, Peters MG, Golub ET, Szczech L (2009). Hepatitis C seropositivity and kidney function decline among women with HIV: data from the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Am J Kidney Dis, 54(1), 43-50. PMC2997705
Journal Article
The search for protection against HIV infection
Ann Epidemiol
2009
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19344863
More than 25 years after the recognition of AIDS and the isolation of the causative agent, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), we have been unable to develop a vaccine to protect against infection. The major obstacle to development of a vaccine has been the absence of naturally acquired protective immunity, which is characteristic of most infectious agents. We and others, however, have identified individuals who appear to be resistant to infection. Using a combination of epidemiology, molecular biology, and genetics, we hypothesize that these individuals are able to resist infection by clearing low doses of HIV from their systems. We further hypothesize that they are able to clear the virus through a highly efficient system of processing and presentation of HIV epitopes (antigens) to CD8+ cytotoxic cells, which activate them to remove virally infected cells. Subsequent studies have lent support to this hypothesis.
10.1016/j.annepidem.2009.01.007
19344863
PMC2767230
AIDS Vaccines/administration & dosage/*pharmacology Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/prevention & control CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology Cells, Cultured Female Forecasting HIV Infections/*prevention & control/transmission HIV-1/genetics/*immunology Homosexuality, Male Humans Immunization Programs/organization & administration Immunologic Memory/genetics/*immunology Infection Control Male Molecular Biology Research Risk Assessment Sensitivity and Specificity Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral/*prevention & control United States Vaccination/standards/trends nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/genetics/immunology
R. Detels (2009). The search for protection against HIV infection. Ann Epidemiol, 19(4), 250-2. PMC2767230
Journal Article
Oxidant stress in HIV-infected women from the Women's Interagency HIV Study
Antivir Ther
2009
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19812438
BACKGROUND: Oxidant stress contributes to the pathogenesis of multiple conditions and can be assessed by measuring plasma F(2)-isoprostane concentrations. We hypothesized that oxidant stress is associated with plasma homocysteine concentration and risk factors for atherosclerosis in HIV-infected women. METHODS: We measured plasma F(2)-isoprostane concentrations in a cross-sectional study of 249 HIV-infected women attending the Bronx (NY, USA) site of the Women's Interagency HIV Study and assessed associations with plasma homocysteine concentration and other metabolic parameters by linear regression. RESULTS: In multivariate analysis, hepatitis C virus (HCV) viraemia, waist circumference, homocysteine concentration and serum aspartate aminotransferase level were positively associated with log F(2)-isoprostane concentration (all P<0.005). There was a trend for an inverse association between log F(2)-isoprostane and CD4(+) T-cell percentage (P=0.06). Among women with HCV infection, the FI
10.3851/IMP1290
19812438
PMC2760028
Adult Atherosclerosis/complications Cross-Sectional Studies F2-Isoprostanes/metabolism Female HIV Infections/complications/*metabolism Homocysteine/blood Humans Middle Aged Oxidants Oxidative Stress Risk Factors
Glesby MJ, Hoover DR, Raiszadeh F, Lee I, Shi Q, Milne G, Sanchez SC, Gao W, Kaplan RC, Morrow JD, Anastos K (2009). Oxidant stress in HIV-infected women from the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Antivir Ther, 14(6), 763-9. PMC2760028
Journal Article
NIHMS124237
Long-term incidence of cervical cancer in women with human immunodeficiency virus
Cancer
2009
1-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19127538
BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to estimate the incidence of invasive cervical cancer (ICC) in women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and compare it with the incidence in HIV-uninfected women. METHODS: In a cohort study of HIV-infected and uninfected women who had Papanicolaou tests obtained every 6 months, pathology reports were retrieved for women who had biopsy results or a self-report of ICC. Histology was reviewed when reports confirmed ICC. Incidence rates were calculated and compared with those in HIV-negative women. RESULTS: After a median follow-up of 10.3 years, 3 ICCs were confirmed in HIV-seropositive women, and none were confirmed in HIV-seronegative women. The ICC incidence rate was not found to be associated significantly with HIV status (HIV-negative women [0 of 100,000 person-years] vs HIV-positive women [21.4 of 100,000 person-years]; P = .59). A calculated incidence rate ratio standardized to expected results from the Surveillance Epidemiology and
10.1002/cncr.24067
19127538
PMC2641995
Adult Cohort Studies Female Follow-Up Studies HIV Infections/*complications HIV Seronegativity Humans Incidence Middle Aged Prospective Studies Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/*epidemiology
Massad LS, Seaberg EC, Watts DH, Minkoff H, Levine AM, Henry D, Colie C, Darragh TM, Hessol NA (2009). Long-term incidence of cervical cancer in women with human immunodeficiency virus. Cancer, 115(3), 524-30. PMC2641995
Journal Article
Recreational amphetamine use and risk of HIV-related non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Cancer Causes Control
2009
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19011979
The results of many laboratory studies suggest that amphetamine use may lead to altered immune function and cytokine expression, both of which are implicated in HIV-related lymphomagenesis. We examined the hypothesis that use of amphetamines modifies risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in HIV-infected men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Data on amphetamine use were collected every six months during the follow-up period between 1984 and 2002. A total of 171 NHL cases were diagnosed from the 19,250 person-years accrued. Multivariable Cox models were used to estimate the effects of baseline exposures, time-varying recent exposures, and three years lagged exposures on risk of NHL adjusting for potential confounders such as demographics, use of other substances, and risky sexual behaviors. We found that weekly or more frequent use of amphetamines was associated with an increased risk of NHL, with hazard ratios of 1.75 (95% CI = 0.81-3.77) for use at baseline, 4.73 (1.41-15.81) for rece
10.1007/s10552-008-9258-y
19011979
PMC2862618
Adult Amphetamine/*toxicity Amphetamine-Related Disorders/*complications Cohort Studies HIV Infections/*complications Humans Illicit Drugs/*toxicity Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/*epidemiology/etiology Male Prospective Studies Risk Factors United States
Chao C, Jacobson LP, Tashkin D, Martínez-Maza O, Roth MD, Margolick JB, Chmiel JS, Holloway MN, Zhang ZF, Detels R (2009). Recreational amphetamine use and risk of HIV-related non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Cancer Causes Control, 20(5), 509-16. PMC2862618
Journal Article
Duffy antigen polymorphisms do not alter progression of HIV in African Americans in the MACS cohort
Cell Host Microbe
2009
8-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19454342
10.1016/j.chom.2009.04.013
19454342
Adult African Americans/*genetics Cohort Studies *Disease Progression Duffy Blood-Group System/*genetics/immunology Genotype HIV Infections/*genetics/immunology/mortality/pathology HIV-1/*physiology Humans Male *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide Receptors, Cell Surface/*genetics/immunology
Horne KC, Li X, Jacobson LP, Palella F, Jamieson BD, Margolick JB, Martinson J, Turkozu V, Visvanathan K, Woolley IJ (2009). Duffy antigen polymorphisms do not alter progression of HIV in African Americans in the MACS cohort. Cell Host Microbe, 5(5), 415-7; author reply 418-9.
Journal Article
PD-1 blockade: A promising immunotherapy for HIV?
Cellscience
2009
27-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20490361
The progressive loss of effector function in the setting of chronic viral infections has been associated with the upregulation of programmed death 1 (PD-1), a negative regulator of activated T cells. In HIV infection, increased levels of PD-1 expression correlate with CD8(+) T cell exhaustion, which has been shown in vitro to be reversible with PD-1 blockade. Velu and colleagues recently reported the first in vivo study showing enhancement of a virus-specific immune response through PD-1 blockade using an anti-PD-1 antibody in an SIV-macaque model. Their results show an expansion of virus-specific, polyfunctional CD8(+) T cells. Anti-PD1 antagonists show promise as a novel immunotherapy for HIV. However, several issues including development of autoimmunity, regulatory T cells and multiple inhibitory receptors associated with CD8(+) T cell exhaustion should first be addressed to help ensure a successful response in chronic HIV infected patients.
20490361
PMC2872789
Antibodies antibody CD8+ cells death Hiv HIV infection immune immune response Immunotherapy In Vitro infection infections model response study t cell t-cells
Macatangay BJ, Rinaldo CR (2009). PD-1 blockade: A promising immunotherapy for HIV?. Cellscience, 5(4), 61-65. PMC2872789
Journal Article
Trends in multidrug treatment failure and subsequent mortality among antiretroviral therapy-experienced patients with HIV infection in North America
Clin Infect Dis
2009
15-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19845473
BACKGROUND: Although combination antiretroviral therapy continues to evolve, with potentially more effective options emerging each year, the ability of therapy to prevent multiple regimen failure and mortality in clinical practice remains poorly defined. METHODS: Sixteen cohorts representing over 60 sites contributed data on all individuals who initiated combination antiretroviral therapy. We identified those individuals who experienced virologic failure (defined as a human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] RNA level >1000 copies/mL), received modified therapy, and subsequently had a second episode of virologic failure. Multivariate Cox regression was used to assess factors associated with time to second regimen failure and the time to death after the onset of second regimen failure. RESULTS: Of the 42,790 individuals who received therapy, 7159 experienced a second virologic failure. The risk of second virologic failure decreased from 1996 (56 cases per 100 person-years) through 2005 (16 ca
10.1086/644768
19845473
PMC2871149
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*methods CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies *Drug Resistance, Multiple, Viral Female HIV/*drug effects HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*mortality/virology Humans Male Middle Aged Models, Statistical North America Survival Analysis Treatment Failure Viral Load
Deeks SG, Gange SJ, Kitahata MM, Saag MS, Justice AC, Hogg RS, Eron JJ, Brooks JT, Rourke SB, Gill MJ, Bosch RJ, Benson CA, Collier AC, Martin JN, Klein MB, Jacobson LP, Rodriguez B, Sterling TR, Kirk GD, Napravnik S, Rachlis AR, Calzavara LM, Horberg MA, Silverberg MJ, Gebo KA, Kushel MB, Goedert JJ, McKaig RG, Moore RD. (2009). Trends in multidrug treatment failure and subsequent mortality among antiretroviral therapy-experienced patients with HIV infection in North America. Clin Infect Dis, 49(10), 1582-90. PMC2871149
Journal Article
Long-term serologic follow-up of isolated hepatitis B core antibody in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women
Clin Infect Dis
2009
1-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19480573
BACKGROUND: Isolated antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) is a common serologic finding in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but the outcome and clinical significance are uncertain. METHODS: We performed repeated hepatitis B virus (HBV) serologic tests on women who participated in the Women's Interagency HIV Study and who had isolated anti-HBc at study entry. RESULTS: Repeated serologic tests were performed for 322 women (282 HIV-infected and 40 HIV-uninfected) at a median of 7.5 years after study entry. Seventy-one percent of women retained isolated anti-HBc serologic status, 20% acquired antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs), and 2% acquired hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). In unadjusted analysis, increasing age, injection drug use, and hepatitis C viremia were negatively associated with acquisition of anti-HBs. For HIV-infected women, predictors of acquisition of anti-HBs were an increase in CD4 cell count and the use of highly act
10.1086/599610
19480573
PMC2743413
Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active CD4 Lymphocyte Count Female HIV Infections/*complications/drug therapy/immunology Hepatitis B/*immunology Hepatitis B Antibodies/*blood Hepatitis B Core Antigens/blood/*immunology Humans Longitudinal Studies
French AL, Lin MY, Evans CT, Benning L, Glesby MJ, Young MA, Operskalski EA, Augenbraun M, Peters M (2009). Long-term serologic follow-up of isolated hepatitis B core antibody in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women. Clin Infect Dis, 49(1), 148-54. PMC2743413
Journal Article
Assessment of liver fibrosis by transient elastography in persons with hepatitis C virus infection or HIV-hepatitis C virus coinfection
Clin Infect Dis
2009
1-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19236273
BACKGROUND: Transient elastography is a novel, noninvasive method for staging liver fibrosis. We compared elastography with histologic methods among hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-HCV-coinfected participants in an urban, predominantly black study population. METHODS: Participants recruited from the AIDS Linked to the Intravenous Experience and the Johns Hopkins HIV Clinical Cohort studies underwent elastography to determine liver stiffness measurements. Liver biopsy specimens were staged F0-F4 in accordance with the Metavir score. Diagnostic accuracy and determination of liver stiffness cutoff values, compared with histologic methods, were determined by receiver operating characteristic analysis. Logistic regression methods identified parameters associated with discordant classification status. RESULTS: Of 192 participants, 139 (72%) were coinfected with HIV and HCV, 121 (63%) had insignificant fibrosis, and 48 (25%) had cirrhosis. Overall, the
10.1086/597350
19236273
PMC2715996
Biopsy *Elasticity Imaging Techniques Female HIV Infections/complications Hepatitis C/*complications Humans Liver/pathology Liver Cirrhosis/*diagnosis Male Middle Aged ROC Curve Sensitivity and Specificity Severity of Illness Index
Kirk GD, Astemborski J, Mehta SH, Spoler C, Fisher C, Allen D, Higgins Y, Moore RD, Afdhal N, Torbenson M, Sulkowski M, Thomas DL (2009). Assessment of liver fibrosis by transient elastography in persons with hepatitis C virus infection or HIV-hepatitis C virus coinfection. Clin Infect Dis, 48(7), 963-72. PMC2715996
Journal Article
NIHMS122078
Racial and sex disparities in life expectancy losses among HIV-infected persons in the united states: impact of risk behavior, late initiation, and early discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy
Clin Infect Dis
2009
15-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19845472
BACKGROUND: Most persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the United States present to care with advanced disease, and many patients discontinue therapy prematurely. We sought to evaluate sex and racial/ethnic disparities in life-years lost as a result of risk behavior, late presentation, and early discontinuation of HIV care, and we compared these survival losses for HIV-infected persons with losses attributable to high-risk behavior and HIV disease itself. METHODS: With use of a state-transition model of HIV disease, we simulated cohorts of HIV-infected persons and compared them with uninfected individuals who had similar demographic characteristics. We estimated non-HIV-related mortality with use of risk-adjusted standardized mortality ratios, as well as years of life lost because of late presentation and early discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV infection. Data from the national HIV Research Network, stratified by sex and race/ethnicity, were
10.1086/644772
19845472
PMC2783631
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*methods Continental Population Groups Female HIV Infections/drug therapy/*epidemiology/*mortality Humans Life Expectancy/*trends Male Patient Compliance/*statistics & numerical data *Risk-Taking Sex Factors Survival Analysis United States/epidemiology
Losina E, Schackman BR, Sadownik SN, Gebo KA, Walensky RP, Chiosi JJ, Weinstein MC, Hicks PL, Aaronson WH, Moore RD, Paltiel AD, Freedberg KA (2009). Racial and sex disparities in life expectancy losses among HIV-infected persons in the united states: impact of risk behavior, late initiation, and early discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis, 49(10), 1570-8. PMC2783631
Journal Article
NIHMS141068
Sex differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics
Clin Pharmacokinet
2009
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19385708
Significant differences that exist between the sexes affect the prevalence, incidence and severity of a broad range of diseases and conditions. Men and women also differ in their response to drug treatment. It is therefore essential to understand these reactions in order to appropriately conduct risk assessment and to design safe and effective treatments. Even from that modest perspective, how and when we use drugs can result in unwanted and unexpected outcomes. This review summarizes the sex-based differences that impact on pharmacokinetics, and includes a general comparison of clinical pharmacology as it applies to men, women and pregnant women. Sex-related or pregnancy-induced changes in drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, when significant, may guide changes in dosage regimen or therapeutic monitoring to increase its effectiveness or reduce potential toxicity. Given those parameters, and our knowledge of sex differences, we can derive essentially all factors n
10.2165/00003088-200948030-00001
19385708
PMC3644551
Biological Availability Body Fat Distribution Body Weight Clinical Trials as Topic/legislation & jurisprudence Female Humans Male Menstrual Cycle/metabolism Pharmaceutical Preparations/*metabolism *Pharmacokinetics *Pharmacology Pregnancy Sex Factors Tissue Distribution United States United States Food and Drug Administration
Soldin OP, Mattison DR (2009). Sex differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Clin Pharmacokinet, 48(3), 143-57. PMC3644551
Journal Article
Multiple T-cell responses to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 are enhanced by dendritic cells
Clin Vaccine Immunol
2009
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19692626
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific T-cell reactivity has been related to protection from disease progression. Optimal T-cell reactivity to HIV-1 presumably requires antigen processing and presentation by professional antigen-presenting cells, particularly dendritic cells (DC). Here we examined whether multiple HIV-1-specific T-cell functions are enhanced by stimulation with HIV-1 peptide-loaded DC derived from HIV-1-infected subjects on antiretroviral therapy. We first found that mature DC increased the number of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-producing T cells detected by enzyme-linked immunospot assay to overlapping 15-mer peptides of HIV-1 Gag and Nef, compared to stimulation with peptide-loaded, immature DC or to peptides without DC. IFN-gamma production was lower in response to large pools of the Gag and Nef peptides, regardless of presentation by DC. We further observed that HIV-1 peptide-loaded, mature DC stimulated greater CD8(+) and CD4(+) T-cell proliferation
10.1128/CVI.00104-09
19692626
PMC2756841
Amino Acid Sequence CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology Cell Differentiation Dendritic Cells/*immunology/pathology HIV Antigens/genetics HIV Infections/*immunology/pathology HIV-1/genetics/*immunology Humans In Vitro Techniques Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis Molecular Sequence Data Peptide Fragments/genetics/immunology T-Lymphocytes/*immunology gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/genetics/immunology nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/genetics/immunology
Huang XL, Fan Z, Borowski L, Rinaldo CR (2009). Multiple T-cell responses to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 are enhanced by dendritic cells. Clin Vaccine Immunol, 16(10), 1504-16. PMC2756841
Journal Article
ProMMP-2: TIMP-1 complexes identified in plasma of healthy individuals
Connect Tissue Res
2009
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19637058
Activation of MMPs in tissues is an important component of tissue injury. Based on earlier reports that (latent) proMMP-2 is incapable of forming a complex with TIMP-1, we reasoned that the identification of MMP-2:TIMP-1 complexes in blood might serve as a surrogate marker ("smoking gun") of MMP-2 activation in tissues. Using specific antibodies, we developed a sensitive and specific assay to detect MMP-2:TIMP-1 complexes. We were perplexed to find that approximate 40% of plasma specimens from healthy individuals had detectable levels of the MMP-2:TIMP-1 complexes. Employing recombinant TIMP-1 bound Sepharose beads and Western blots, we demonstrated binding between recombinant proMMP-2 and TIMP-1 proteins. Recombinant MMP-2 lacking the catalytic domain also bound to TIMP-1 coated beads. These data are consistent with TIMP-1 binding to the hemopexin or hinge domain of proMMP-2. The explanation for the presence of plasma proMMP-2:TIMP-1 complexes in selected healthy individuals remains t
10.1080/03008200802626970
19637058
PMC3286656
Adult Enzyme Precursors/*blood Female Gelatinases/*blood Humans Male Metalloproteases/*blood Middle Aged Protein Binding/physiology Recombinant Proteins/metabolism Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1/*blood
Zucker S, Schmidt CE, Dufour A, Kaplan RC, Park HI, Jiang W (2009). ProMMP-2: TIMP-1 complexes identified in plasma of healthy individuals. Connect Tissue Res, 50(4), 223-31. PMC3286656
Journal Article
Evaluation of human immunodeficiency virus biomarkers: inferences from interval and clinical cohort studies
Epidemiology
2009
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19478669
INTRODUCTION: Among individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), biomarkers that predict mortality are also used to determine the time when antiretroviral therapy is initiated. No studies have evaluated the impact of the frequency of marker measurements for either their predictive value of mortality or how they may influence inference of the effect of therapy initiation in analyses from observational data. METHODS: We identified 244 persons who were contemporaneously enrolled in both the AIDS Link to the IntraVenous Experience (an interval cohort) and the Johns Hopkins HIV Clinical Cohort between 1995 and 2004. Data from each study were used separately in 2 ways. We applied time-dependent proportional hazards models to examine the predictive associations between markers and mortality, and marginal structural models to examine the causal inference of therapy on mortality. Biomarkers were used to derive the inverse probability weights. RESULTS: The timing frequencies
10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181a71519
19478669
PMC2818534
AIDS Serodiagnosis/methods Adult Biomarkers/blood CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Female HIV-1/genetics/*isolation & purification Hemoglobins/analysis Humans Male Middle Aged Proportional Hazards Models Prospective Studies RNA, Viral/blood Surveys and Questionnaires
Lau B, Gange SJ, Kirk GD, Moore RD (2009). Evaluation of human immunodeficiency virus biomarkers: inferences from interval and clinical cohort studies. Epidemiology, 20(5), 664-72. PMC2818534
Journal Article
NIHMS160903
Variations in serum mullerian inhibiting substance between white, black, and Hispanic women
Fertil Steril
2009
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18930217
OBJECTIVE: To compare serum mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS) levels between white, black, and Hispanic women to determine whether ovarian aging occurs at a different time course for women of different racial groups. DESIGN: Longitudinal study of serum MIS levels in women of different race and ethnicity over two different time points. SETTING: Women's Interagency HIV Study, a multicenter prospective cohort study. PATIENT(S): Serum samples obtained from 809 participants (122 white, 462 black, and 225 Hispanic women). INTERVENTION(S): Comparison of serum MIS between women of different race and ethnicity at two time points (median age 37.5 years and 43.3 years). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Variation in MIS by race and ethnicity over time, controlling for age, body mass index, HIV status, and smoking. RESULT(S): Compared with white women, average MIS values were lower among black (25.2% lower) and Hispanic (24.6% lower) women, adjusting for age, body mass index, smoking, and HIV status. CO
10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.08.110
18930217
PMC3037722
Adult *African Continental Ancestry Group/statistics & numerical data Aging/blood/ethnology Anti-Mullerian Hormone/*blood Case-Control Studies Cohort Studies *European Continental Ancestry Group/statistics & numerical data Female *Hispanic Americans/statistics & numerical data Humans Longitudinal Studies Middle Aged Ovary/physiology
Seifer DB, Golub ET, Lambert-Messerlian G, Benning L, Anastos K, Watts DH, Cohen MH, Karim R, Young MA, Minkoff H, Greenblatt RM (2009). Variations in serum mullerian inhibiting substance between white, black, and Hispanic women. Fertil Steril, 92(5), 1674-8. PMC3037722
Journal Article
Extended IL10 haplotypes and their association with HIV progression to AIDS
Genes Immun
2009
Jun-09
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19295541
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a pleiotropic cytokine with both immunosuppressive and immunostimulatory functions. Its roles in infections and autoimmunity may have resulted in selective pressures on polymorphisms within the gene, leading to genomic coexistence of several semi-conserved haplotypes involved with diverse pathogen interactions during genomic evolution. Previous studies focused either exclusively on promoter haplotypes or on individual SNPs. We genotyped 21 single nucleotide polymorphisms in the human IL10 gene and examined this variation compared to other mammalian species sequences. Haplotype heterogeneity in human populations is centered around 'classic' 'proximal' promoter polymorphisms: -592, -819 and -1082. High-producing GCC haplotypes are by far the most numerous and diverse group, the intermediate IL-10 producing ACC-inclusive haplotypes seem to be related most closely to the ancestral haplotype, and the ATA-inclusive haplotypes cluster a separate branch with strong bo
10.1038/gene.2009.9
19295541
PMC3664918
agent AIDS application cancer cytokine Disease Evolution Haplotypes Hiv Human infection infections Interleukin-10 Laboratories population Pressure progression research response Role study support
Oleksyk TK, Shrestha S, Truelove AL, Goedert JJ, Donfield SM, Phair J, Mehta S, O'Brien SJ, Smith MW (2009). Extended IL10 haplotypes and their association with HIV progression to AIDS. Genes Immun, 10(4), 309-322. PMC3664918
Journal Article
The HLA-B/-C haplotype block contains major determinants for host control of HIV
Genes Immun
2009
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19693088
A genome-wide association study of people with incident human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection selected from nine different cohorts identified allelic polymorphisms, which associated with either viral set point (HCP5 and 5' HLA-C) or with HIV disease progression (RNF39 and ZNRD1). To determine the influence of these polymorphisms on host control of HIV, we carried out a population-based association study. The analysis revealed complete linkage disequilibrium between HCP5 and HLA-B*5701/HLA-Cw*06, a modest effect of 5' HLA-C on viral set point in the absence of HLA-B*5701, and no influence of the RNF39 /ZNRD1 extended haplotype on HIV disease progression. No correlation was found between the infection status and any of these genetic variants (P>0.1, Fisher's exact test). These findings suggest a pattern of strong linkage disequilibrium consistent with an HLA-B/-C haplotype block, making identification of a causal variant difficult, and underscore the importance of validating polym
10.1038/gene.2009.58
19693088
PMC2873233
HIV Infections/*genetics/*immunology HLA-B Antigens/*genetics/*immunology HLA-C Antigens/*genetics/*immunology *Haplotypes Humans Male Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Trachtenberg E, Bhattacharya T, Ladner M, Phair J, Erlich H, Wolinsky S (2009). The HLA-B/-C haplotype block contains major determinants for host control of HIV. Genes Immun, 10(8), 673-7. PMC2873233
Journal Article
Higher risk of AIDS or death in patients with lower CD4 cell counts after virally suppressive HAART
HIV Med
2009
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19601997
BACKGROUND: The clinical implications of a failure to achieve high CD4 cell counts while receiving virally suppressive highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) are uncertain. METHODS: We analysed data from HIV-infected men participating in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) to elucidate associations between CD4 cell counts achieved during virally suppressive HAART and risks of AIDS or death. Inclusion criteria were: CD4 cell count <200 cells/microL before HAART initiation; >or=2 viral load (VL) determinations after HAART initiation; and sustained viral suppression, defined as all VL <50 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL, but allowing a single VL of 50-1000 copies/mL. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-one men were included; median age was 42 years. After first VL <50 copies/mL, six participants had a new AIDS diagnosis and seven died. The median CD4 cell count change/year (cells/microL) after first VL <50 copies/mL was zero among patients who either developed AIDS or died vs. 39 among those w
10.1111/j.1468-1293.2009.00739.x
19601997
PMC2783359
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology/mortality Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*adverse effects CD4 Lymphocyte Count CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology HIV Infections/*drug therapy/immunology/mortality Humans Male Middle Aged Time Factors Treatment Outcome Viral Load
Taiwo BO, Li X, Palella F, Jacobson LP, Margolick JB, Detels R, Rinaldo CR, Phair JP (2009). Higher risk of AIDS or death in patients with lower CD4 cell counts after virally suppressive HAART. HIV Med, 10(10), 657-60. PMC2783359
Journal Article
Association of Y chromosome haplogroup I with HIV progression, and HAART outcome
Hum Genet
2009
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19169712
The host genetic basis of differential outcomes in HIV infection, progression, viral load set point and highly active retroviral therapy (HAART) responses was examined for the common Y haplogroups in European Americans and African Americans. Accelerated progression to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and related death in European Americans among Y chromosome haplogroup I (Y-I) subjects was discovered. Additionally, Y-I haplogroup subjects on HAART took a longer time to HIV-1 viral suppression and were more likely to fail HAART. Both the accelerated progression and longer time to viral suppression results observed in haplogroup Y-I were significant after false-discovery-rate corrections. A higher frequency of AIDS-defining illnesses was also observed in haplogroup Y-I. These effects were independent of the previously identified autosomal AIDS restriction genes. When the Y-I haplogroup subjects were further subdivided into six I subhaplogroups, no one subhaplogroup accounted fo
10.1007/s00439-008-0620-7
19169712
PMC2885350
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy/genetics/mortality/virology African Americans *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Chromosomes, Human, Y/*genetics Cohort Studies European Continental Ancestry Group HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*genetics/mortality/virology Hiv-1 Haplotypes Humans Kaplan-Meier Estimate Male Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide Treatment Outcome United States/epidemiology
Sezgin E, Lind JM, Shrestha S, Hendrickson S, Goedert JJ, Donfield S, Kirk GD, Phair JP, Troyer JL, O'Brien SJ, Smith MW (2009). Association of Y chromosome haplogroup I with HIV progression, and HAART outcome. Hum Genet, 125(3), 281-94. PMC2885350
Journal Article
Smoking enhances risk for new external genital warts in men
Int J Environ Res Public Health
2009
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19440442
Repeat episodes of HPV-related external genital warts reflect recurring or new infections. No study before has been sufficiently powered to delineate how tobacco use, prior history of EGWs and HIV infection affect the risk for new EGWs. Behavioral, laboratory and examination data for 2,835 Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study participants examined at 21,519 semi-annual visits were evaluated. Fourteen percent (391/2835) of men reported or were diagnosed with EGWs at 3% (675/21,519) of study visits. Multivariate analyses showed smoking, prior episodes of EGWs, HIV infection and CD4+ T-lymphocyte count among the infected, each differentially influenced the risk for new EGWs.
10.3390/ijerph6031215
19440442
PMC2672382
Bisexuality CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Condylomata Acuminata/*etiology HIV Infections/complications Homosexuality, Male Humans Male Multivariate Analysis Risk Factors Smoking/*adverse effects *CD4+ T-lymphocyte count *Genital warts *hiv *Human papillomavirus (HPV) *Smoking/tobacco *longitudinal/cohort *men who have sex with men (MSM)
Wiley DJ, Elashoff D, Masongsong EV, Harper DM, Gylys KH, Silverberg MJ, Cook RL, Johnson-Hill LM (2009). Smoking enhances risk for new external genital warts in men. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 6(3), 1215-34. PMC2672382
Journal Article
The major histocompatibility complex conserved extended haplotype 8.1 in AIDS-related non-Hodgkin lymphoma
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2009
1-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19654554
BACKGROUND: Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in adjacent genes, lymphotoxin alpha (LTA +252G, rs909253 A>G) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF -308A, rs1800629 G>A), form the G-A haplotype repeatedly associated with increased risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in individuals uninfected with HIV-1. This association has been observed alone or in combination with human leukocyte antigens HLA-B*08 or HLA-DRB1*03 in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Which gene variant on this highly conserved extended haplotype (CEH 8.1) in whites most likely represents a true etiologic factor remains uncertain. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine whether the reported association of the G-A haplotype of LTA-TNF with non-AIDS NHL also occurs with AIDS-related NHL. METHODS: SNPs in LTA and TNF and in 6 other genes nearby were typed in 140 non-Hispanic European American pairs of AIDS-NHL cases and matched controls selected from HIV-infected men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. RESULTS: The G-
10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181b017d5
19654554
PMC3015185
Gene Frequency Genetic Predisposition to Disease Genetic Testing HLA Antigens/*genetics Haplotypes Hispanic Americans Humans Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/*genetics Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/*genetics Lymphotoxin-alpha/genetics Male *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
Aissani B, Ogwaro KM, Shrestha S, Tang J, Breen EC, Wong HL, Jacobson LP, Rabkin CS, Ambinder RF, Martinez-Maza O, Kaslow RA (2009). The major histocompatibility complex conserved extended haplotype 8.1 in AIDS-related non-Hodgkin lymphoma. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 52(2), 170-9. PMC3015185
Journal Article
Premature aging of T cells is associated with faster HIV-1 disease progression
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2009
1-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19131896
OBJECTIVE: To determine if untreated HIV-1 infection and progression is associated with premature aging of memory CD8 and CD4 T cells and naive CD4 T cells. METHODS: Twenty HIV-1-infected fast progressors and 40 slow progressors were included in our study, using risk set sampling. The expression of cell surface markers reflecting the differentiation stages of lymphocytes was measured using flow cytometry analyses performed on cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells. RESULTS: We found that HIV-1 disease progression is associated with a decreased CD28 median florescence intensity on CD4 and CD8 T cells; an increased proportion of intermediate- and late-differentiated CD8 T cells and a decreased CD31 median florescence intensity on naive CD4 T cells of recent thymic origin. A selective depletion of peripherally expanded naive CD4 T cells was found to be associated with HIV-1 infection but not with HIV-1 disease progression. CONCLUSIONS: The overall change during HIV-1 infection a
10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181926c28
19131896
PMC2767229
Aging/*immunology CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology Case-Control Studies Cohort Studies Disease Progression HIV Infections/*immunology/*physiopathology HIV-1/immunology/*pathogenicity Humans Immunologic Memory Male T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/physiology/virology
Cao W, Jamieson BD, Hultin LE, Hultin PM, Effros RB, Detels R (2009). Premature aging of T cells is associated with faster HIV-1 disease progression. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 50(2), 137-47. PMC2767229
Journal Article
Relationship between a frailty-related phenotype and progressive deterioration of the immune system in HIV-infected men
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2009
1-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19194312
CONTEXT: Immunological similarities have been noted between HIV-infected individuals and older HIV-negative adults. Immunologic alterations with aging have been noted in frailty in older adults, a clinical syndrome of high risk for mortality and other adverse outcomes. Using a frailty-related phenotype (FRP), we investigated in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study whether progressive deterioration of the immune system among HIV-positive individuals independently predicts onset of FRP. METHODS: FRP was evaluated semiannually in 1046 HIV-infected men from 1994 to 2005. CD4 T-cell count and plasma viral load were evaluated as predictors of FRP by logistic regression (generalized estimating equations), adjusting for age, ethnicity, educational level, AIDS status, and treatment era [pre-highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) (1994-1995) and HAART (1996-1999 and 2000-2005)]. RESULTS: Adjusted prevalences of FRP remained low for CD4 T-cell counts >400 cells per cubic millimeter and increas
10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181945eb0
19194312
PMC2699396
Aged Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Disease Progression *Frail Elderly HIV Infections/drug therapy/*immunology Humans Male Phenotype Prospective Studies Viral Load
Desquilbet L, Margolick JB, Fried LP, Phair JP, Jamieson BD, Holloway M, Jacobson LP; Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (2009). Relationship between a frailty-related phenotype and progressive deterioration of the immune system in HIV-infected men. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 50(3), 299-306. PMC2699396
Journal Article
Trends in mortality and causes of death among women with HIV in the United States: a 10-year study
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2009
1-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19487953
BACKGROUND: To assess trends in mortality and cause of death for women with HIV, we studied deaths over a 10-year period among participants in the Women's Interagency HIV Study, a representative US cohort. METHODS: Deaths were ascertained by National Death Index Plus match, and causes of death determined by death certificate. RESULTS: From 1995 through 2004, 710 of 2792 HIV-infected participants died. During this interval, the standardized mortality ratio fell from a high of 24.7 in 1996 to a plateau with a mean of 10.3 from 2001 to 2004. Over the decade, deaths from non-AIDS causes increased and accounted for the majority of deaths by 2001-2004. The most common non-AIDS causes of death were trauma or overdose, liver disease, cardiovascular disease, and malignancy. Independent predictors of mortality besides HIV-associated variables were depressive symptoms and active hepatitis B or C. Women who were overweight or obese were significantly less likely to die of AIDS than women of normal
10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181acb4e5
19487953
PMC2769934
Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cause of Death Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/drug therapy/*mortality Humans Longitudinal Studies
French AL, Gawel SH, Hershow R, Benning L, Hessol NA, Levine AM, Anastos K, Augenbraun M, Cohen MH (2009). Trends in mortality and causes of death among women with HIV in the United States: a 10-year study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 51(4), 399-406. PMC2769934
Journal Article
Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor pharmacokinetics in a large unselected cohort of HIV-infected women
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2009
15-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19408353
BACKGROUND: Small intensive pharmacokinetic (PK) studies of medications in early-phase trials cannot identify the range of factors that influence drug exposure in heterogenous populations. We performed PK studies in large numbers of HIV-infected women on nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) under conditions of actual use to assess patient characteristics that influence exposure and evaluated the relationship between exposure and response. METHODS: Two hundred twenty-five women on NNRTI-based antiretroviral regimens from the Women's Interagency HIV Study were enrolled into 12-hour or 24-hour PK studies. Extensive demographic, laboratory, and medication covariate data were collected before and during the visit to be used in multivariate models. Total NNRTI drug exposure was estimated by area under the concentration-time curves. RESULTS: Hepatic inflammation and renal insufficiency were independently associated with increased nevirapine exposure in multivariate analysis
10.1097/qai.0b013e31819c3376
19408353
PMC2700138
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/adverse effects/*pharmacokinetics/therapeutic use Area Under Curve Benzoxazines/adverse effects/*pharmacokinetics/therapeutic use Cohort Studies Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Female HIV Infections/drug therapy/*metabolism Humans Linear Models Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis Nevirapine/adverse effects/*pharmacokinetics/therapeutic use Prospective Studies Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/adverse effects/*pharmacokinetics/therapeutic use Time Factors Young Adult
Gandhi M, Benet LZ, Bacchetti P, Kalinowski A, Anastos K, Wolfe AR, Young M, Cohen M, Minkoff H, Gange SJ, Greenblatt RM; Women's Interagency HIV Study (2009). Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor pharmacokinetics in a large unselected cohort of HIV-infected women. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 50(5), 482-91. PMC2700138
Journal Article
Mitochondrial DNA haplogroups influence lipoatrophy after highly active antiretroviral therapy
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2009
1-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19339895
Although highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been extremely effective in lowering AIDS incidence among patients infected with HIV, certain drugs included in HAART can cause serious mitochondrial toxicities. One of the most frequent adverse events is lipoatrophy, which is the loss of subcutaneous fat in the face, arms, buttocks, and/or legs as an adverse reaction to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. The clinical symptoms of lipoatrophy resemble those of inherited mitochondrial diseases, which suggest that host mitochondrial genotype may play a role in susceptibility. We analyzed the association between mitochondrial haplogroup and severity of lipoatrophy in HIV-infected European American patients on HAART in the Multicenter AIDS cohort Study and found that mitochondrial haplogroup H was strongly associated with increased atrophy [arms: P = 0.007, odds ratio (OR) = 1.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.17 to 2.69; legs: P = 0.037, OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.03 to 2.31
10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181a324d6
19339895
PMC2742970
Adolescent Adult Aged Anti-HIV Agents/*adverse effects/therapeutic use *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active DNA, Mitochondrial/*genetics Genetic Predisposition to Disease *hiv-1 HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome/chemically induced/*genetics *Haplotypes Humans Male Middle Aged Phyllachorales Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide Young Adult
Hendrickson SL, Kingsley LA, Ruiz-Pesini E, Poole JC, Jacobson LP, Palella FJ, Bream JH, Wallace DC, O'Brien SJ (2009). Mitochondrial DNA haplogroups influence lipoatrophy after highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 51(2), 111-6. PMC2742970
Journal Article
Relationship of injection drug use, antiretroviral therapy resistance, and genetic diversity in the HIV-1 pol gene
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2009
1-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19214121
OBJECTIVES: To determine if a history of injection drug use influences genotypic protease inhibitor (PI) resistance to antiretroviral agents. METHODS: We assessed the presence of resistance mutations in PI-naive injection drug users (IDUs) and non-IDUs participating in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Eighteen HIV-infected participants who reported injection drug use before study enrollment and 32 HIV-infected non-IDUs contributed a total of 34 and 65 person-visits, respectively, to analyses. RESULTS: Based on data from multiple clones obtained from different time points from each individual, we determined that primary PI resistance mutations were more frequent among person visits contributed by IDUs (24%) than non-IDUs (8%, P = 0.05). Although neither reached statistical significance, diversity was higher within the protease region among study visits carrying PI-resistant clones at both the nucleotide level (2.66 vs. 2.35; P = 0.08) and at the amino acid level (1.60 vs. 1.32; P = 0.
10.1097/QAI.0b013e318198a619
19214121
PMC2937199
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use Drug Resistance, Viral Female *Genes, pol Genetic Variation Genotype HIV Infections/*drug therapy/virology HIV-1/*drug effects/*genetics Humans Middle Aged Mutation Substance Abuse, Intravenous/*complications
Kowalski J, Gange SJ, Schneider MF, Tsai HL, Templeton A, Shao Q, Zhang GW, Yeh MF, Young M, Markham RB (2009). Relationship of injection drug use, antiretroviral therapy resistance, and genetic diversity in the HIV-1 pol gene. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 50(4), 381-9. PMC2937199
Journal Article
Evaluation of adherence and factors affecting adherence to combination antiretroviral therapy among White, Hispanic, and Black men in the MACS Cohort
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2009
10/1/2009
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19521251
OBJECTIVES: This study investigated levels of adherence to antiretroviral therapy in white, Hispanic, and black men and isolated factors associated with adherence among each racial group. METHODS: Data were collected from 1102 men enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study followed between April 2002 and October 2006. Self-reported 100% adherence was defined as taking all doses and pills over the previous 4-day period, reporting not typically skipping any medications, and reporting always following the medication schedule. Variables associated with adherence were determined by multilevel logistic regression for each racial group. Adherence was also analyzed by ethnicity within racial groups. RESULTS: After controlling for confounders, we found that Hispanics were 2.16 times and blacks were 1.37 times more likely than whites to not report 100% adherence (95% confidence interval 1.47 to 3.18 and 1.05 to 1.79, respectively). Hispanics with ethnic backgrounds from Central and South Amer
10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181ab6d48
19521251
PMC2815178
African Continental Ancestry Group agent AIDS Anti-HIV Agents antiretroviral therapy Antiretroviral Therapy,Highly Active Blacks cohort Cohort Studies cohort study drug therapy epidemiology ethnicity European Continental Ancestry Group evaluation health Hispanic Americans HIV Infections Humans Los Angeles MACS Male Medication Adherence methods multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Public Health research Risk Factors self-reported statistics & numerical data study support therapeutic use therapies therapy Time United States Whites
Oh DL, Sarafian F, Silvestre A, Brown T, Jacobson L, Badri S, Detels R (2009). Evaluation of adherence and factors affecting adherence to combination antiretroviral therapy among White, Hispanic, and Black men in the MACS Cohort. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 52(2), 290-293. PMC2815178
Journal Article
Specific sex drug combinations contribute to the majority of recent HIV seroconversions among MSM in the MACS
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2009
1-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19387357
BACKGROUND: New HIV infections are being observed among men who have sex with men (MSM). Understanding the fusion of risky sexual behaviors, stimulant and erectile dysfunction drug use with HIV seroconversion may provide direction for focused intervention. METHODS: During the follow-up period (1998-2008), we identified 57 HIV seroconverters among 1667 initially HIV-seronegative men. Time to seroconversion was modeled using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis for 7 combinations of sex drugs (inhaled nitrites or "poppers", stimulants, and erectile dysfunction drugs) used at the current or previous semiannual visit, adjusting for other risk factors including sexual behavior, alcohol and other drugs used, and depression. Model-based adjusted attributable risks were then calculated. RESULTS: The risk of seroconversion increased linearly with the number of unprotected receptive anal sex partners (URASP), with hazard ratios ranging from 1.73 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.75 to 4.0
10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181a24b20
19387357
PMC3074969
Adolescent Adult Cohort Studies *Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions Erectile Dysfunction/drug therapy HIV Seropositivity/*epidemiology *Homosexuality, Male Humans Male Middle Aged Pharmaceutical Preparations/administration & dosage Proportional Hazards Models Regression Analysis United States/epidemiology Young Adult
Ostrow DG, Plankey MW, Cox C, Li X, Shoptaw S, Jacobson LP, Stall RC (2009). Specific sex drug combinations contribute to the majority of recent HIV seroconversions among MSM in the MACS. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 51(3), 349-55. PMC3074969
Journal Article
Plasma homocysteine is not associated with HIV serostatus or antiretroviral therapy in women
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2009
1-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19333128
BACKGROUND: The effects of HIV serostatus and combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) on plasma homocysteine (HCY) are uncertain. METHODS: Plasma HCY was assayed in a cross-sectional study of 249 HIV-infected and 127 HIV-uninfected women at the Bronx Women's Interagency HIV Study site. RESULTS: Mean plasma HCY was 7.42 +/- 2.68 in HIV-infected women and 7.18 +/- 2.66 mumol/L in HIV-uninfected women (P = 0.40). Hyperhomocysteinemia (defined as HCY >10 mumol/L) was seen in 16.9% and 13.4% of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women, respectively (P = 0.45). Among HIV-infected women, cART use was not associated with HCY level. Compared with the lowest quartile, women with HCY in the highest quartile had lower mean serum vitamin B12 and RBC folate levels. In multivariate analysis that did not include micronutrient levels, age, serum creatinine, and lower CD4% were significantly associated with plasma HCY level in HIV-infected women. CONCLUSIONS: Plasma HCY was not associated with HIV serost
10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181a42bdf
19333128
PMC2755615
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*adverse effects Cross-Sectional Studies Female HIV Infections/*blood/complications/drug therapy Homocysteine/*blood Humans Hyperhomocysteinemia/blood/*chemically induced/complications Linear Models Middle Aged
Raiszadeh F, Hoover DR, Lee I, Shi Q, Anastos K, Gao W, Kaplan RC, Glesby MJ. (2009). Plasma homocysteine is not associated with HIV serostatus or antiretroviral therapy in women. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 51(2), 175-8. PMC2755615
Journal Article
A meta-analysis of the incidence of non-AIDS cancers in HIV-infected individuals
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2009
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19770804
OBJECTIVE: To estimate summary standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of non-AIDS cancers among HIV-infected individuals compared with general population rates overall and stratified by gender, AIDS, and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era. DESIGN: A meta-analysis using SIRs from 18 studies of non-AIDS cancer in HIV-infected individuals. METHODS: SIRs for non-AIDS cancers in HIV-infected individuals and 95% confidence limits (CLs) were abstracted from each study. Random effects meta-analyses were used to estimate summary SIRs. Modifications by gender, AIDS, and HAART era were estimated with meta-regression. RESULTS: Four thousand seven hundred ninety-seven non-AIDS cancers occurred among 625,716 HIV-infected individuals. SIRs for several cancers were elevated. In particular, cancers associated with infections, such as anal (SIR = 28; 95% CL 21 to 35), liver (SIR = 5.6; 95% CL 4.0 to 7.7), and Hodgkin lymphoma (SIR = 11; 95% CL 8.8 to 15) and smoking, such as lung (SIR = 2.6;
10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181b327ca
19770804
PMC2790038
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Australia/epidemiology Europe/epidemiology Female HIV Infections/*complications/drug therapy Humans Incidence Male Middle Aged Neoplasms/*epidemiology/immunology Risk Factors Uganda/epidemiology United States/epidemiology
Shiels MS, Cole SR, Kirk GD, Poole C (2009). A meta-analysis of the incidence of non-AIDS cancers in HIV-infected individuals. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 52(5), 611-22. PMC2790038
Journal Article
Hormonal contraception and metabolic outcomes in women with or at risk for HIV infection
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2009
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19950431
OBJECTIVE: The use of hormonal contraception (HC) is increasing in HIV-infected women. Both HC and HIV infection have been associated with adverse metabolic outcomes. We investigated the association of progestin-only and combined (estrogen/progestin) HC with disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism in HIV-infected and uninfected women. METHODS: Linear mixed models evaluated the association of HC type with fasting high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, triglycerides, the homeostasis model assessment estimate of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and glucose in 885 HIV-infected and 408 HIV-uninfected women from the Women's Interagency HIV Study seen between October 2000 and September 2005. RESULTS: Compared with non-HC users, progestin-only HC was independently associated with lower HDL [-3 mg/dL; 95% confidence interval (CI) -5, -1 in HIV-infected and -6 mg/dL; 95% CI: -9, -3 in HIV-uninfected women] and greater HOMA-IR (+0.86; 95% CI: 0.51-1.22 and +0.56; 95% CI: 0.12-1.01). Co
10.1097/qai.0b013e3181b9e5ee
19950431
PMC2886798
Adolescent Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use Cholesterol, HDL/metabolism Cohort Studies Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal/administration & dosage/*adverse effects *Drug Interactions Estrogens/administration & dosage/adverse effects Female Glucose Metabolism Disorders/*chemically induced HIV Infections/drug therapy/*metabolism Humans Lipid Metabolism Disorders/*chemically induced Medroxyprogesterone Acetate/administration & dosage/adverse effects Middle Aged Progestins/administration & dosage/adverse effects Risk Factors United States
Womack JA, Scherzer R, Cole SR, Fennie K, Williams AB, Grey M, Minkoff H, Anastos K, Cohen MH, Tien PC (2009). Hormonal contraception and metabolic outcomes in women with or at risk for HIV infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 52(5), 581-7. PMC2886798
Journal Article
Cross-cohort heterogeneity encountered while validating a model for HIV disease progression among antiretroviral initiators
J Clin Epidemiol
2009
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19108987
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a model for predicting time to AIDS or death among HIV-infected persons initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: The model was constructed from 1,891 HAART initiators in the Collaborations in HIV Outcomes Research/US (CHORUS) cohort. The model's predictive ability was assessed using internal bootstrap validation techniques and data from 716 HAART initiators at Johns Hopkins HIV Clinical Cohort (JHHCC) in whom HIV disease was, in general, more advanced. RESULTS: The estimated concordance statistic was 0.632 with the bootstrap method and 0.625 in JHHCC. Mean predicted and observed 3-year AIDS-free survival for JHHCC was 0.76 and 0.73 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.69-0.77), respectively; mean predicted and observed 5-year AIDS-free survival was 0.69 and 0.57 (95% CI, 0.52-0.62), respectively. Sensitivity analyses showed that the discrepancy between predicted and observed AIDS-free survival after 3 years could be due to di
10.1016/j.jclinepi.2008.09.002
19108987
PMC2747519
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active CD4 Lymphocyte Count Disease Progression Epidemiologic Methods Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/immunology/virology HIV-1/*isolation & purification Humans Male Patient Compliance Prognosis Treatment Outcome Viral Load
Shepherd BE, Sterling TR, Moore RD, Raffanti SP, Hulgan T (2009). Cross-cohort heterogeneity encountered while validating a model for HIV disease progression among antiretroviral initiators. J Clin Epidemiol, 62(7), 729-37. PMC2747519
Journal Article
NIHMS123218
Cytokine production by human herpesvirus 8-infected dendritic cells
J Gen Virol
2009
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19088276
We have shown previously that human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8)-infected dendritic cells (DCs) undergo incomplete maturation and have a defective antigen-presenting function. Here, we examined the effects of HHV-8 infection on cytokine production, which is critical to the function of DCs. We detected expression of interleukin (IL)-6, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha, MIP-1beta, RANTES and IL-12p40 from 2 to 6 h post-infection, and these peaked by 15-24 h. Expression of these factors decreased 24-48 h post-infection, with the exception of TNF-alpha which remained high throughout the entire 72 h. Interestingly, while IL-12p40 expression increased post-infection, bioactive IL-12p70 was not detected in the supernatants. These results suggest an intentional skewing of cytokine production in HHV-8-infected DCs towards induction of a Th2 response.
10.1099/vir.0.006239-0
19088276
PMC2605677
Cytokines/*biosynthesis Dendritic Cells/*immunology/*virology Herpesvirus 8, Human/*immunology Humans Time Factors
Hensler HR, Rappocciolo G, Rinaldo CR, Jenkins FJ. (2009). Cytokine production by human herpesvirus 8-infected dendritic cells. J Gen Virol, 90(Pt 1), 79-83. PMC2605677
Journal Article
APOBEC3B deletion and risk of HIV-1 acquisition
J Infect Dis
2009
1-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19698078
The human APOBEC3 family of cytidine deaminases provides intrinsic immunity to retroviral infection. A naturally occurring 29.5-kb deletion removes the entire APOBEC3B gene. We examined the impact of the APOBEC3B gene deletion in >4000 individuals from 5 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) natural history cohorts. The hemizygous genotype had no effect on either acquisition of HIV-1 infection or progression to AIDS. However, the homozygous deletion was significantly associated with unfavorable outcomes for HIV-1 acquisition (odds ratio, 7.37; P= .024), progression to AIDS (relative hazard, 4.01; P=. 03), and viral set point (P= .04). These findings suggest that the loss of APOBEC3B may increase host susceptibility to HIV-1 acquisition and progression to AIDS and warrant further study.
10.1086/605644
19698078
PMC3690486
Cytidine Deaminase/*genetics Ethnic Groups Gene Deletion Gene Expression Regulation/physiology *Genetic Predisposition to Disease HIV Infections/*genetics *hiv-1 Heterozygote Homozygote Humans Minor Histocompatibility Antigens
An P, Johnson R, Phair J, Kirk GD, Yu XF, Donfield S, Buchbinder S, Goedert JJ, Winkler CA (2009). APOBEC3B deletion and risk of HIV-1 acquisition. J Infect Dis, 200(7), 1054-8. PMC3690486
Journal Article
IgM(+) memory B cell expression predicts HIV-associated cryptococcosis status
J Infect Dis
2009
15-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19527168
BACKGROUND: The role of B cells in resistance to Cryptococcus neoformans disease (i.e., cryptococcosis) is unknown. Given evidence that IgM(+) memory B cells are required for immunity to other encapsulated pathogens, we hypothesized that these cells might contribute to resistance to cryptococcosis. METHODS: We compared levels of IgM expression on memory B cells in 29 HIV-infected individuals who had a history of cryptococcosis (the HIV+CN+ group) with levels in 30 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected subjects who had no history of cryptococcosis (the HIV+CN- group) and 20 HIV-uninfected subjects who had no history of cryptococcosis (the HIV- group) (cohort 1). We also determined levels of IgM expression on memory B cells in banked samples obtained before cryptococcosis onset from 31 participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, of whom 8 had HIV infection and subsequently developed cryptococcosis (the HIV+CN+ group), 8 had HIV infection and did not develop cryptococcosis (t
10.1086/599318
19527168
PMC2805277
Adult B-Lymphocytes/*immunology Cohort Studies Cryptococcosis/*complications/immunology Female Gene Expression Regulation HIV Infections/*complications Humans Immunoglobulin M/genetics/*metabolism *Immunologic Memory Male Middle Aged
Subramaniam K, Metzger B, Hanau LH, Guh A, Rucker L, Badri S, Pirofski LA (2009). IgM(+) memory B cell expression predicts HIV-associated cryptococcosis status. J Infect Dis, 200(2), 244-51. PMC2805277
Journal Article
Long-term serologic responses to the Pneumocystis jirovecii major surface glycoprotein in HIV-positive individuals with and without P. jirovecii infection
J Infect Dis
2009
5/1/2009
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19301979
BACKGROUND: The immune responses to Pneumocystis jirovecii major surface glycoprotein (Msg) in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are poorly understood. METHODS: We examined the sequential serologic responses to recombinant Msg carboxyl terminus fragments (MsgC1, MsgC3, MsgC8, and MsgC9) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in a cohort of individuals with HIV infection for the 5.5 years before death and autopsy. Analyses included mean antibody levels by status at death (Pneumocystis pneumonia, P. jirovecii colonization, or neither), factors associated with high antibody levels, and antibody responses before and after active Pneumocystis pneumonia. RESULTS: Patients who died from Pneumocystis pneumonia had higher levels of antibody to MsgC8 than did patients who died from other causes. Previous episode of Pneumocystis pneumonia, geographic location, and age were independent predictors of high levels of anitbodies to most or all Msgs. Failure to take Pneumocyst
10.1086/597803
19301979
PMC2714884
Adult age Aged agent Antibodies Antibodies,Fungal antibody Antifungal Agents assay Autopsy blood cohort complications death Disease Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Follow-Up Studies Fungal Proteins genetics Hiv HIV infection HIV Infections Human human immunodeficiency virus Humans illness immune immune response immunodeficiency immunology infection infectious diseases marker markers Membrane Glycoproteins methods Middle Aged mortality Peptide Fragments Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia Pneumonia,Pneumocystis predictor predictors prophylaxis proteins research response sera Serotyping study support Survival Rate therapeutic use Time Factors virus
Walzer PD, Djawe K, Levin L, Daly KR, Koch J, Kingsley L, Witt M, Golub ET, Bream JH, Taiwo B, Morris A (2009). Long-term serologic responses to the Pneumocystis jirovecii major surface glycoprotein in HIV-positive individuals with and without P. jirovecii infection. J Infect Dis, 199(9), 1335-1344. PMC2714884
Journal Article
Dendritic cell-based human immunodeficiency virus vaccine
J Intern Med
2009
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19093966
Dendritic cells (DC) have profound abilities to induce and coordinate T-cell immunity. This makes them ideal biological agents for use in immunotherapeutic strategies to augment T-cell immunity to HIV infection. Current clinical trials are administering DC-HIV antigen preparations carried out ex vivo as proof of principle that DC immunotherapy is safe and efficacious in HIV-infected patients. These trials are largely dependent on preclinical studies that will provide knowledge and guidance about the types of DC, form of HIV antigen, method of DC maturation, route of DC administration, measures of anti-HIV immune function and ultimately control of HIV replication. Additionally, promising immunotherapy approaches are being developed based on targeting of DC with HIV antigens in vivo. The objective is to define a safe and effective strategy for enhancing control of HIV infection in patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy.
10.1111/j.1365-2796.2008.02047.x
19093966
PMC2875880
AIDS Vaccines/*administration & dosage/immunology Antigen Presentation/immunology Dendritic Cells/*immunology HIV Infections/immunology/*prevention & control HIV-1/*immunology Humans Immunotherapy/*methods
C. R. Rinaldo (2009). Dendritic cell-based human immunodeficiency virus vaccine. J Intern Med, 265(1), 138-58. PMC2875880
Journal Article
Surface phenotype and rapid quantification of blood dendritic cell subsets in the rhesus macaque
J Med Primatol
2009
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19344375
BACKGROUND: The study of dendritic cell (DC) biology in the rhesus macaque is becoming increasingly important but is limited by incomplete characterization and the lack of a rapid assay to quantify cells. METHODS: We characterized the surface phenotype of myeloid (mDC) and plasmacytoid DC (pDC) subsets in healthy rhesus macaque blood and developed a flow cytometry-based assay for absolute DC determinations. RESULTS: Rhesus CD11c(+) mDC were CD16(+) CD11b(+) CD56(lo) CD8(-) CD1c(-) whereas CD123(+) pDC lacked expression of these markers. Precise DC determinations were performed using a rapid two-step assay combining the analysis of whole blood and peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL). CONCLUSIONS: Antibodies to CD11b, CD56 and CD16 must be omitted from the lineage antibody cocktail to prevent inadvertent gating-out of DC when analyzing rhesus blood. The combined whole-blood/PBL quantification assay will be invaluable for the rapid and repeated monitoring of blood DC counts in this species.
10.1111/j.1600-0684.2009.00353.x
19344375
PMC3073502
Animals Antigens, Surface/metabolism Blood Cell Count/instrumentation/methods/*veterinary Dendritic Cells/*classification/*physiology Macaca mulatta/*blood
Brown KN, Barratt-Boyes SM (2009). Surface phenotype and rapid quantification of blood dendritic cell subsets in the rhesus macaque. J Med Primatol, 38(4), 272-8. PMC3073502
Journal Article
NIHMS281283
Investigation of pre-diagnostic virological markers for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients
J Med Virol
2009
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19475619
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a severe neurological disorder due to JC virus (JCV) infection. Pre-diagnostic biological markers and risk factors for PML are not well understood. We conducted a case-control study nested within the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study to examine the association between JCV viruria and viremia and serum antibody to JCV capsids, in relation to subsequent PML diagnoses, 5 months to 12 years later. Other demographic and immunologic factors were also examined. The study population included 28 incident cases of PML, 26 matched HIV-positive controls, and 50 HIV-negative controls. Prevalence of JCV viruria was 37% in cases, 42% in HIV-positive controls, and 28% in HIV-negative controls (P = 0.43). Among persons with JCV viruria, persistent viruria was more common in cases (89%) than in HIV-positive controls (33%) (P = 0.02). Presence of JCV viruria was not related to the time to PML diagnosis (OR: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.8-1.4); however, the urinary conce
10.1002/jmv.21493
19475619
PMC2969173
Adult Aged Antibodies, Viral/blood Biomarkers Blood/virology Case-Control Studies DNA, Viral/isolation & purification HIV Infections/*complications Humans JC Virus/*isolation & purification Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal/*diagnosis Male Middle Aged Risk Factors Urine/virology Young Adult
Grabowski MK, Viscidi RP, Margolick JB, Jacobson LP, Shah KV (2009). Investigation of pre-diagnostic virological markers for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. J Med Virol, 81(7), 1140-50. PMC2969173
Journal Article
HIV-1 Nef dimerization is required for Nef-mediated receptor downregulation and viral replication
J Mol Biol
2009
27-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19781555
Nef, a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) accessory factor capable of interaction with a diverse array of host cell signaling molecules, is essential for high-titer HIV replication and AIDS progression. Previous biochemical and structural studies have suggested that Nef may form homodimers and higher-order oligomers in HIV-infected cells, which may be required for both immune and viral receptor downregulation as well as viral replication. Using bimolecular fluorescence complementation, we provide the first direct evidence for Nef dimers within HIV host cells and identify the structural requirements for dimerization in vivo. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis shows that the multiple hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions found within the dimerization interface of the Nef X-ray crystal structure are essential for dimerization in cells. Nef dimers localized to the plasma membrane as well as the trans-Golgi network, two subcellular localizations essential for Ne
10.1016/j.jmb.2009.09.047
19781555
PMC2783173
Anti-HIV Agents/chemistry/pharmacology CD4 Antigens/metabolism Cell Line Crystallography, X-Ray Down-Regulation Drug Design Fluorescence HIV-1/drug effects/*physiology Humans Protein Conformation Protein Multimerization/drug effects *Virus Replication nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
Poe JA, Smithgall TE (2009). HIV-1 Nef dimerization is required for Nef-mediated receptor downregulation and viral replication. J Mol Biol, 394(2), 329-42. PMC2783173
Journal Article
NIHMS149248
Age and racial/ethnic differences in the prevalence of reported symptoms in human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons on antiretroviral therapy
J Pain Symptom Manage
2009
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19329274
Few studies have evaluated age and racial/ethnic differences in the prevalence of symptoms in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons. Thus, the objective of this study was to compare the prevalence of gastrointestinal, metabolic, general malaise, neurologic, or other self-reported symptoms by age and race/ethnicity among 1574 HIV-infected women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study and 955 HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM) enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. All patients had known dates of initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy. It was observed that women aged 50 years or more were less likely to experience gastrointestinal symptoms (24% vs. 27%; multivariable P=0.024), but more likely to experience general malaise (47% vs. 37%; multivariable P=0.004), neurologic (44% vs. 38%; multivariable P=0.048), or other symptoms (40% vs. 28%; multivariable P<0.001) compared with women less than 40 years of age. Only neurologic symptoms had a
10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2008.08.007
19329274
PMC2858004
Adult Age Factors Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*adverse effects Cohort Studies Ethnic Groups Female Follow-Up Studies HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*epidemiology Humans Male Middle Aged Sex Factors Socioeconomic Factors United States/epidemiology
Silverberg MJ, Jacobson LP, French AL, Witt MD, Gange SJ (2009). Age and racial/ethnic differences in the prevalence of reported symptoms in human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons on antiretroviral therapy. J Pain Symptom Manage, 38(2), 197-207. PMC2858004
Journal Article
Primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific CD8+ T-cell responses induced by myeloid dendritic cells
J Virol
2009
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19357176
Induction of an antigenically broad and vigorous primary T-cell immune response by myeloid dendritic cells (DC) in blood and tissues could be important for an effective prophylactic or therapeutic vaccine to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Here we show that a primary CD8(+) T-cell response can be induced by HIV-1 peptide-loaded DC derived from blood monocytes of HIV-1-negative adults and neonates (moDC) and by Langerhans cells (LC) and interstitial, dermal-intestinal DC (idDC) derived from CD34(+) stem cells of neonatal cord blood. Optimal priming of single-cell gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production by CD8(+) T cells required CD4(+) T cells and was broadly directed to multiple regions of Gag, Env, and Nef that corresponded to known and predicted major histocompatibility complex class I epitopes. Polyfunctional CD8(+) T-cell responses, defined as single-cell production of more than one cytokine (IFN-gamma, interleukin 2, or tumor necrosis factor alpha), chemokine (macroph
10.1128/JVI.02611-08
19357176
PMC2687398
Adult CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/virology Cells, Cultured Dendritic Cells/*immunology Fetal Blood/cytology HIV Infections/*immunology HIV-1/*immunology HLA-A Antigens/immunology HLA-A2 Antigen Humans Infant, Newborn Langerhans Cells/immunology Lymphocyte Activation/*immunology Myeloid Cells/immunology
Colleton BA, Huang XL, Melhem NM, Fan Z, Borowski L, Rappocciolo G, Rinaldo CR (2009). Primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific CD8+ T-cell responses induced by myeloid dendritic cells. J Virol, 83(12), 6288-99. PMC2687398
Journal Article
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 elite neutralizers: individuals with broad and potent neutralizing activity identified by using a high-throughput neutralization assay together with an analytical selection algorithm
J Virol
2009
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19439467
The development of a rapid and efficient system to identify human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals with broad and potent HIV-1-specific neutralizing antibody responses is an important step toward the discovery of critical neutralization targets for rational AIDS vaccine design. In this study, samples from HIV-1-infected volunteers from diverse epidemiological regions were screened for neutralization responses using pseudovirus panels composed of clades A, B, C, and D and circulating recombinant forms (CRFs). Initially, 463 serum and plasma samples from Australia, Rwanda, Uganda, the United Kingdom, and Zambia were screened to explore neutralization patterns and selection ranking algorithms. Samples were identified that neutralized representative isolates from at least four clade/CRF groups with titers above prespecified thresholds and ranked based on a weighted average of their log-transformed neutralization titers. Linear regression methods selected a five-ps
10.1128/JVI.00110-09
19439467
PMC2704778
Adolescent Adult Africa/epidemiology Aged *Algorithms Female HIV Antibodies/blood/*immunology HIV Infections/epidemiology/*immunology/virology HIV-1/classification/*immunology/isolation & purification Humans Immunoglobulin G/blood/immunology Male Middle Aged Neutralization Tests Thailand/epidemiology United Kingdom/epidemiology Young Adult
Simek MD, Rida W, Priddy FH, Pung P, Carrow E, Laufer DS, Lehrman JK, Boaz M, Tarragona-Fiol T, Miiro G, Birungi J, Pozniak A, McPhee DA, Manigart O, Karita E, Inwoley A, Jaoko W, Dehovitz J, Bekker LG, Pitisuttithum P, Paris R, Walker LM, Poignard P, Wrin T, Fast PE, Burton DR, Koff WC (2009). Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 elite neutralizers: individuals with broad and potent neutralizing activity identified by using a high-throughput neutralization assay together with an analytical selection algorithm. J Virol, 83(14), 7337-48. PMC2704778
Journal Article
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific CD8+ T-cell responses during primary infection are major determinants of the viral set point and loss of CD4+ T cells
J Virol
2009
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19458000
Primary HIV-1 infection (PHI) is marked by a flu-like syndrome and high levels of viremia that decrease to a viral set point with the first emergence of virus-specific CD8+ T-cell responses. Here, we investigated in a large cohort of 527 subjects the immunodominance pattern of the first virus-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses developed during PHI in comparison to CTL responses in chronic infection and demonstrated a distinct relationship between the early virus-specific CTL responses and the viral set point, as well as the slope of CD4+ T-cell decline. CTL responses during PHI followed clear hierarchical immunodominance patterns that were lost during the transition to chronic infection. Importantly, the immunodominance patterns of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific CTL responses detected in primary, but not in chronic, HIV-1 infection were significantly associated with the subsequent set point of viral replication. Moreover, the preservation of the initi
10.1128/JVI.00182-09
19458000
PMC2708622
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/virology CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/virology Cohort Studies HIV Infections/*immunology/virology HIV-1/*immunology/physiology Humans T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology/virology Virus Replication
Streeck H, Jolin JS, Qi Y, Yassine-Diab B, Johnson RC, Kwon DS, Addo MM, Brumme C, Routy JP, Little S, Jessen HK, Kelleher AD, Hecht FM, Sekaly RP, Rosenberg ES, Walker BD, Carrington M, Altfeld M (2009). Human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific CD8+ T-cell responses during primary infection are major determinants of the viral set point and loss of CD4+ T cells. J Virol, 83(15), 7641-8. PMC2708622
Journal Article
Noncytotoxic suppression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transcription by exosomes secreted from CD8+ T cells
J Virol
2009
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19193788
CD8(+) T cells display a noncytotoxic activity that suppresses transcription of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in an antigen-independent and major histocompatibility complex-unrestricted manner. To date, the precise cellular and molecular factors mediating this CD8(+) T-cell effector function remain unsolved. Despite evidence indicating the dependence of the activity on cell-cell contact, the possibility of a membrane-mediated activity that represses transcription from the viral promoter remains unexplored. We therefore investigated whether this inhibition of HIV-1 transcription might be elicited by a membrane-bound determinant. Using a CD8(+) T-cell line displaying potent noncytotoxic HIV-1 suppression activity, we have identified a membrane-localized HIV-1-suppressing activity that is concomitantly secreted as 30- to 100-nm endosome-derived tetraspanin-rich vesicles known as exosomes. Purified exosomes from CD8(+) T-cell culture supernatant noncytotoxically suppressed CC
10.1128/JVI.02629-08
19193788
PMC2668436
CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/*metabolism/ultrastructure Cell Line Cell Membrane/immunology Exosomes/*immunology/*metabolism HIV-1/genetics/*immunology/metabolism/ultrastructure Humans Microscopy, Electron, Transmission Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics STAT1 Transcription Factor/metabolism Transcription, Genetic/*genetics Virus Replication
Tumne A, Prasad VS, Chen Y, Stolz DB, Saha K, Ratner DM, Ding M, Watkins SC, Gupta P (2009). Noncytotoxic suppression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transcription by exosomes secreted from CD8+ T cells. J Virol, 83(9), 4354-64. PMC2668436
Journal Article
Retention and attendance of women enrolled in a large prospective study of HIV-1 in the United States
J Womens Health (Larchmt)
2009
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19788344
OBJECTIVE: The objective was to assess study retention and attendance for two recruitment waves of participants in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). METHODS: The WIHS, a prospective study at six clinical centers in the United States, has experienced two phases of participant recruitment. In phase one, women were screened and enrolled at the same time, and in phase two, women were screened and enrolled at separate visits. Compliance with study follow-up was evaluated by examining semiannual study retention and visit attendance. RESULTS: After 10 study visits, the retention rate in the original recruits (enrolled in 1994-1995) was 83% for the HIV-infected women and 69% for the HIV-uninfected women compared with 86% and 86%, respectively, in the new recruits (enrolled in 2001-2002). In logistic regression analysis of the HIV-infected women, factors associated with early (visits 2 and 3) nonattendance were temporary housing, moderate alcohol consumption, use of crack/cocaine/heroin
10.1089/jwh.2008.1337
19788344
PMC2825719
Adolescent Adult CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Comorbidity Female Follow-Up Studies HIV Infections/*epidemiology/therapy HIV Seropositivity/*epidemiology/therapy Humans Middle Aged Patient Acceptance of Health Care/psychology/*statistics & numerical data Patient Dropouts/*statistics & numerical data Patient Participation/statistics & numerical data Risk Factors Socioeconomic Factors Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology Time Factors Viral Load *Women's Health Young Adult
Hessol NA, Weber KM, Holman S, Robison E, Goparaju L, Alden CB, Kono N, Watts DH, Ameli N (2009). Retention and attendance of women enrolled in a large prospective study of HIV-1 in the United States. J Womens Health (Larchmt), 18(10), 1627-37. PMC2825719
Journal Article
Factors associated with preclinical disability and frailty among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women in the era of cART
J Womens Health (Larchmt)
2009
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20044858
BACKGROUND: HIV-associated immune injury is hypothesized to increase the risk of preclinical disability and frailty via inflammatory pathways. We investigated the role of CD4+ T cell depletion and clinical AIDS on preclinical disability and frailty in HIV-positive women with a history of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) and HIV-negative women. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study nested within the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), a prospective cohort study initiated in 1994 across five U.S. cities. Questionnaires and tests were performed by 573 HIV-negative and 1206 HIV-positive women. Prevalence ratios were computed using regression models. RESULTS: Severe CD4+ cell depletion was an independent predictor of slowness, weakness, and frailty in HIV-positive women compared with HIV-negative women. Women with CD4+ counts<100 cells/mm3 were 0.13 seconds slower to complete 4 meters (95% CI 0.06-0.21), 1.25 kg weaker (95% CI -2.31--0.19), and had 2.7 times higher prevalence
10.1089/jwh.2008.1090
20044858
PMC2828186
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/methods/*statistics & numerical data *CD4 Lymphocyte Count Comorbidity Cross-Sectional Studies Disabled Persons/*statistics & numerical data Disease Progression Female Fractures, Bone/drug therapy/*epidemiology/immunology HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*epidemiology/immunology Humans Middle Aged Prevalence Prospective Studies Risk Factors United States
Terzian AS, Holman S, Nathwani N, Robison E, Weber K, Young M, Greenblatt RM, Gange SJ; Women's Interagency HIV Study (2009). Factors associated with preclinical disability and frailty among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women in the era of cART. J Womens Health (Larchmt), 18(12), 1965-74. PMC2828186
Journal Article
Timing of initiation of antiretroviral therapy in AIDS-free HIV-1-infected patients: a collaborative analysis of 18 HIV cohort studies
Lancet
2009
18-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19361855
BACKGROUND: The CD4 cell count at which combination antiretroviral therapy should be started is a central, unresolved issue in the care of HIV-1-infected patients. In the absence of randomised trials, we examined this question in prospective cohort studies. METHODS: We analysed data from 18 cohort studies of patients with HIV. Antiretroviral-naive patients from 15 of these studies were eligible for inclusion if they had started combination antiretroviral therapy (while AIDS-free, with a CD4 cell count less than 550 cells per microL, and with no history of injecting drug use) on or after Jan 1, 1998. We used data from patients followed up in seven of the cohorts in the era before the introduction of combination therapy (1989-95) to estimate distributions of lead times (from the first CD4 cell count measurement in an upper range to the upper threshold of a lower range) and unseen AIDS and death events (occurring before the upper threshold of a lower CD4 cell count range is reached) in th
10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60612-7
19361855
PMC2670965
Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*methods/standards *CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Disease Progression Drug Administration Schedule Europe/epidemiology Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/mortality/transmission *hiv-1 Humans Kaplan-Meier Estimate Male Middle Aged North America/epidemiology *Patient Selection Practice Guidelines as Topic Proportional Hazards Models Sensitivity and Specificity Time Factors Treatment Outcome
When To Start Consortium, Sterne JA, May M, Costagliola D, de Wolf F, Phillips AN, Harris R, Funk MJ, Geskus RB, Gill J, Dabis F, Miró JM, Justice AC, Ledergerber B, Fätkenheuer G, Hogg RS, Monforte AD, Saag M, Smith C, Staszewski S, Egger M, Cole SR (2009). Timing of initiation of antiretroviral therapy in AIDS-free HIV-1-infected patients: a collaborative analysis of 18 HIV cohort studies. Lancet, 373(9672), 1352-63. PMC2670965
Journal Article
Respiratory motion-corrected proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the liver
Magn Reson Imaging
2009
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18993007
PURPOSE: To develop a post-processing, respiratory-motion correction algorithm for magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of the liver and to determine the incidence and impact of respiratory motion in liver MRS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred thirty-two subjects (27 healthy, 31 with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and 74 HIV-infected with or without hepatitis C) were scanned with free breathing MRS at 1.5 T. Two spectral time series were acquired on an 8-ml single voxel using TR/TE=2500 ms/30 ms and (1) water suppression, 128 acquisitions, and (2) no water suppression, 8 acquisitions. Individual spectra were phased and frequency aligned to correct for intrahepatic motion. Next, water peaks more than 50% different from the median water peak area were identified and removed, and remaining spectra averaged to correct for presumed extrahepatic motion. Total CH(2)+CH(3) lipids to unsuppressed water ratios were compared before and after corrections. RESULTS: Intrahepatic-motion correcti
10.1016/j.mri.2008.08.008
18993007
PMC2917604
Adult *Algorithms *Artifacts Fatty Liver/*diagnosis/metabolism Female Hepatitis C/*diagnosis/metabolism Humans Lipids/*analysis Liver/*metabolism Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/*methods Male Protons Reproducibility of Results Sensitivity and Specificity
Noworolski SM, Tien PC, Merriman R, Vigneron DB, Qayyum A (2009). Respiratory motion-corrected proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the liver. Magn Reson Imaging, 27(4), 570-6. PMC2917604
Journal Article
Methods for viral RNA isolation and PCR amplification for sequencing of near full-length HIV-1 genomes
Methods Mol Biol
2009
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19020814
HIV-1 in plasma represents the viral quasispecies replicating in the patient at any given time. Studies of HIV-1 viral RNA from plasma or other body fluids therefore reflect the virus present in real time. To obtain near full-length genomic sequences derived from virion RNA it is first necessary to carefully isolate and amplify the RNA.The procedure described below, involves viral RNA extraction, reverse transcription (RT) of the extracted RNA to produce cDNA copies, and PCR amplification of long HIV-1 gene fragments using site-specific, overlapping primers. The primers are based on subtype B HIV-1 strains, and plasma specimens are used in the procedures. However, the protocol can easily be adapted to other HIV-1 subtypes by modifying the primers to match the subtype of interest.
10.1007/978-1-59745-170-3_1
19020814
DNA Primers/genetics *Genome, Viral HIV-1/*genetics/isolation & purification Humans Plasma/virology Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods RNA, Viral/*isolation & purification *Sequence Analysis, DNA
Kemal KS, Reinis M, Weiser B, Burger H (2009). Methods for viral RNA isolation and PCR amplification for sequencing of near full-length HIV-1 genomes. Methods Mol Biol, 485(), 14-Mar.
Journal Article
Effect of early versus deferred antiretroviral therapy for HIV on survival
N Engl J Med
2009
30-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19339714
BACKGROUND: The optimal time for the initiation of antiretroviral therapy for asymptomatic patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is uncertain. METHODS: We conducted two parallel analyses involving a total of 17,517 asymptomatic patients with HIV infection in the United States and Canada who received medical care during the period from 1996 through 2005. None of the patients had undergone previous antiretroviral therapy. In each group, we stratified the patients according to the CD4+ count (351 to 500 cells per cubic millimeter or >500 cells per cubic millimeter) at the initiation of antiretroviral therapy. In each group, we compared the relative risk of death for patients who initiated therapy when the CD4+ count was above each of the two thresholds of interest (early-therapy group) with that of patients who deferred therapy until the CD4+ count fell below these thresholds (deferred-therapy group). RESULTS: In the first analysis, which involved 8362 patients, 2084
10.1056/NEJMoa0807252
19339714
PMC2854555
Adult Anti-Retroviral Agents/*administration & dosage *CD4 Lymphocyte Count Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic Drug Administration Schedule Female HIV/genetics/immunology/isolation & purification HIV Infections/*drug therapy/immunology/mortality Humans Male Middle Aged Proportional Hazards Models RNA, Viral/analysis Risk Survival Analysis
Kitahata MM, Gange SJ, Abraham AG, Merriman B, Saag MS, Justice AC, Hogg RS, Deeks SG, Eron JJ, Brooks JT, Rourke SB, Gill MJ, Bosch RJ, Martin JN, Klein MB, Jacobson LP, Rodriguez B, Sterling TR, Kirk GD, Napravnik S, Rachlis AR, Calzavara LM, Horberg MA, Silverberg MJ, Gebo KA, Goedert JJ, Benson CA, Collier AC, Van Rompaey SE, Crane HM, McKaig RG, Lau B, Freeman AM, Moore RD; NA-ACCORD Investigators (2009). Effect of early versus deferred antiretroviral therapy for HIV on survival. N Engl J Med, 360(18), 1815-26. PMC2854555
Journal Article
HLA-C cell surface expression and control of HIV/AIDS correlate with a variant upstream of HLA-C
Nat Genet
2009
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19935663
A variant 35 kb upstream of the HLA-C gene (-35C/T) was previously shown to associate with HLA-C mRNA expression level and steady-state plasma HIV RNA levels. We genotyped this variant in 1,698 patients of European ancestry with HIV. Individuals with known seroconversion dates were used for disease progression analysis and those with longitudinal viral load data were used for viral load analysis. We further tested cell surface expression of HLA-C in normal donors using an HLA-C-specific antibody. We show that the -35C allele is a proxy for high HLA-C cell surface expression, and that individuals with high-expressing HLA-C alleles progress more slowly to AIDS and control viremia significantly better than individuals with low HLA-C expressing alleles. These data strongly implicate high HLA-C expression levels in more effective control of HIV-1, potentially through better antigen presentation to cytotoxic T lymphocytes or recognition and killing of infected cells by natural killer cells.
10.1038/ng.486
19935663
PMC2887091
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*genetics/immunology/virology Alleles *Genetic Variation Genotype HIV Infections/*genetics/*immunology/virology HLA-C Antigens/*genetics/metabolism Humans Phylogeny RNA, Messenger/metabolism Viral Load/genetics
Thomas R, Apps R, Qi Y, Gao X, Male V, O'hUigin C, O'Connor G, Ge D, Fellay J, Martin JN, Margolick J, Goedert JJ, Buchbinder S, Kirk GD, Martin MP, Telenti A, Deeks SG, Walker BD, Goldstein D, McVicar DW, Moffett A, Carrington M (2009). HLA-C cell surface expression and control of HIV/AIDS correlate with a variant upstream of HLA-C. Nat Genet, 41(12), 1290-4. PMC2887091
Journal Article
Reply to: 'CCL3L1 and HIV/AIDS susceptibility'
Nat Med
2009
Oct-09
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19812561
Reply to comment on: Nat Med 2009;15(10):1110-1112 by O'Brien SJ, Letvin NL, McMichael AJ, Haynes BF, Carrington M, Telenti A, Michael NL, Goldstein DB.
10.1038/nm1009-1112
19812561
HIV/AIDS letter research support
Bhattacharya T, Stanton J, Kim EY, Kunstman KJ, Phair JP, Jacobson LP, Wolinsky SM (2009). Reply to: 'CCL3L1 and HIV/AIDS susceptibility'. Nat Med, 15(10), 1112-1115.
Journal Article
CCL3L1 and HIV/AIDS susceptibility [letter]
Nat Med
2009
Oct-09
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19812560
10.1038/nm1009-1110
19812560
PMC2821825
HIV/AIDS letter research support
Urban TJ, Weintrob AC, Fellay J, Colombo S, Shianna KV, Gumbs C, Rotger M, Pelak K, Dang KK, Detels R, Martinson JJ, O'Brien SJ, Letvin NL, McMichael AJ, Haynes BF, Carrington M, Telenti A, Michael NL, Goldstein DB (2009). CCL3L1 and HIV/AIDS susceptibility [letter]. Nat Med, 15(10), 1110-1112. PMC2821825
Journal Article
Vascular risk factors, HIV serostatus, and cognitive dysfunction in gay and bisexual men
Neurology
2009
20-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19841381
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between cognitive performance, risk factors for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease (CVD), and HIV infection in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. METHODS: We evaluated the cognitive functions of men enrolled in the cardiovascular disease substudy of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study who were aged > or =40 years, with no self-reported history of heart disease or cerebrovascular disease. Results from comprehensive neuropsychological evaluations were used to construct composite scores of psychomotor speed and memory performance. Subclinical CVD was assessed by measuring coronary artery calcium and carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT), as well as laboratory measures, including total cholesterol, fasting glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, glomerular filtration rate (estimated), and standardized blood pressure and heart rate measures. RESULTS: After accounting for education, depression, and rac
10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181bd10e7
19841381
PMC2764414
Aging *Bisexuality Cardiovascular Diseases/*epidemiology Cerebrovascular Disorders/*epidemiology Cognition Disorders/*epidemiology Cohort Studies Cross-Sectional Studies HIV/genetics HIV Infections/blood/*epidemiology/virology *Homosexuality, Male Humans Male Memory Middle Aged Neuropsychological Tests Psychomotor Performance RNA, Viral/blood Risk Factors
Becker JT, Kingsley L, Mullen J, Cohen B, Martin E, Miller EN, Ragin A, Sacktor N, Selnes OA, Visscher BR; Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (2009). Vascular risk factors, HIV serostatus, and cognitive dysfunction in gay and bisexual men. Neurology, 73(16), 1292-9. PMC2764414
Journal Article
Impairments in memory and hippocampal function in HIV-positive vs HIV-negative women: a preliminary study
Neurology
2009
12-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19433739
OBJECTIVE: Neurocognitive studies of HIV typically target executive functions dependent on frontostriatal circuitry. The integrity of medial temporal systems has received considerably less attention despite high hippocampal viral load. Studies also predominately involve HIV+ men, though HIV+ women may be at increased risk for cognitive dysfunction due to the high prevalence of psychosocial/mental health problems and lower educational attainment. Our aim was to conduct a preliminary investigation of episodic memory and its neural correlates in HIV-infected and at-risk uninfected women. METHODS: Participants included 54 HIV+ and 12 HIV- women (mean age = 43 years; 86% African American) recruited from the Chicago site of the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Participants completed standardized tests of verbal and visual episodic memory, working memory, and executive function. A subset of 11 women also underwent functional MRI during a delayed verbal episodic memory task. RESULTS: HIV serosta
10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181a55f65
19433739
PMC2683643
AIDS Dementia Complex/diagnosis/*physiopathology Adult Brain Mapping Cohort Studies Disease Progression Female Functional Laterality/physiology HIV Seropositivity/*complications Hippocampus/*pathology/*physiopathology/virology Humans Language Disorders/diagnosis/physiopathology/virology Learning Disabilities/diagnosis/physiopathology/virology Magnetic Resonance Imaging Memory Disorders/diagnosis/*physiopathology/virology Middle Aged Neuropsychological Tests Parahippocampal Gyrus/pathology/physiopathology/virology Sex Factors Viral Load
Maki PM, Cohen MH, Weber K, Little DM, Fornelli D, Rubin LH, Perschler P, Gould F, Martin E (2009). Impairments in memory and hippocampal function in HIV-positive vs HIV-negative women: a preliminary study. Neurology, 72(19), 1661-8. PMC2683643
Journal Article
Histologic correlates of glandular abnormalities in cervical cytology among women with human immunodeficiency virus
Obstet Gynecol
2009
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20168108
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the frequency and histologic correlates of glandular abnormalities in cervical cytology among women with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and to compare findings with those of women without HIV. METHODS: In a cohort study of HIV-infected and uninfected women followed between 1994 and 2007, Pap tests were obtained every 6 months. Glandular abnormalities, including atypical glandular cells (AGC), adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), and adenocarcinoma, were identified and correlated with biopsy histology. Multivariate models to summarize data across visits used generalized estimating equations. The association of Pap and histology results was assessed using chi tests. RESULTS: Of 48,362 Pap tests from 3,766 women, glandular abnormalities were found in 341 (0.7%) tests from 244 (6%) women, including 93 (1.0%) of 9,564 Pap tests among HIV-seropositive women with CD4 lymphocyte counts less than 250/mm, 103 (0.8%) of 13,023 tests among those with counts 250-500/mm, 68 (
10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181bc6ce0
20168108
PMC3032588
Adenocarcinoma/pathology/virology Biopsy CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia/pathology Cervix Uteri/*pathology Colposcopy Endometrium/pathology Ethnic Groups Female HIV Infections/complications/*pathology HIV Seropositivity/pathology Humans Papillomavirus Infections/complications Smoking Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/complications/pathology/virology Vaginal Smears
Massad LS, Xie X, Darragh TM, Minkoff H, Levine AM, D'Souza G, Cajigas A, Colie C, Watts DH, Strickler HD (2009). Histologic correlates of glandular abnormalities in cervical cytology among women with human immunodeficiency virus. Obstet Gynecol, 114(5), 1063-8. PMC3032588
Journal Article
Effect of HAART on salivary gland function in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS)
Oral Dis
2009
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19017280
OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on salivary gland function in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive women from the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). DESIGN: Longitudinal cohort study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 668 HIV positive women from the WIHS cohort with an initial and at least one follow-up oral sub-study visit contributed 5358 visits. Salivary gland function was assessed based on a dry mouth questionnaire, whole unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rates, salivary gland enlargement or tenderness and lack of saliva on palpation of the major salivary glands. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in unstimulated and stimulated flow rates at any given visit from that of the immediate prior visit (continuous variables). The development of self-reported dry mouth (present/absent), enlargement or tenderness of salivary glands (present/absent), and absence of secretion on palpation of the salivary glands were binary outcom
10.1111/j.1601-0825.2008.01456.x
19017280
PMC2644059
Adolescent Adult Aged Anti-HIV Agents/adverse effects/therapeutic use *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/adverse effects CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Female Follow-Up Studies HIV/genetics HIV Protease Inhibitors/adverse effects/therapeutic use HIV Reverse Transcriptase/antagonists & inhibitors HIV Seropositivity/*drug therapy Humans Longitudinal Studies Middle Aged RNA, Viral/analysis Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/adverse effects/therapeutic use Risk Factors Saliva/drug effects/metabolism Salivary Glands/*drug effects Secretory Rate/drug effects Sialadenitis/chemically induced Xerostomia/chemically induced Young Adult
Navazesh M, Mulligan R, Karim R, Mack WJ, Ram S, Seirawan H, Greenspan J, Greenspan D, Phelan J, Alves M; Oral Substudy of the Women's Interagency HIV Study Collaborative Study Group (2009). Effect of HAART on salivary gland function in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). Oral Dis, 15(1), 52-60. PMC2644059
Journal Article
Common genetic variation and the control of HIV-1 in humans
PLoS Genet
2009
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20041166
To extend the understanding of host genetic determinants of HIV-1 control, we performed a genome-wide association study in a cohort of 2,554 infected Caucasian subjects. The study was powered to detect common genetic variants explaining down to 1.3% of the variability in viral load at set point. We provide overwhelming confirmation of three associations previously reported in a genome-wide study and show further independent effects of both common and rare variants in the Major Histocompatibility Complex region (MHC). We also examined the polymorphisms reported in previous candidate gene studies and fail to support a role for any variant outside of the MHC or the chemokine receptor cluster on chromosome 3. In addition, we evaluated functional variants, copy-number polymorphisms, epistatic interactions, and biological pathways. This study thus represents a comprehensive assessment of common human genetic variation in HIV-1 control in Caucasians.
10.1371/journal.pgen.1000791
20041166
PMC2791220
Adult Alleles Disease Progression Female *Genetic Variation Genotype HIV Infections/virology HIV-1/*physiology Humans Kaplan-Meier Estimate Major Histocompatibility Complex/genetics Male Phenotype Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics Viral Load
Fellay J, Ge D, Shianna KV, Colombo S, Ledergerber B, Cirulli ET, Urban TJ, Zhang K, Gumbs CE, Smith JP, Castagna A, Cozzi-Lepri A, De Luca A, Easterbrook P, Günthard HF, Mallal S, Mussini C, Dalmau J, Martinez-Picado J, Miro JM, Obel N, Wolinsky SM, Martinson JJ, Detels R, Margolick JB, Jacobson LP, Descombes P, Antonarakis SE, Beckmann JS, O'Brien SJ, Letvin NL, McMichael AJ, Haynes BF, Carrington M, Feng S, Telenti A, Goldstein DB; NIAID Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology (CHAVI) (2009). Common genetic variation and the control of HIV-1 in humans. PLoS Genet, 5(12), e1000791. PMC2791220
Journal Article
Respiratory symptoms and airway obstruction in HIV-infected subjects in the HAART era
PLoS One
2009
21-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19621086
BACKGROUND: Prevalence and risk factors for respiratory symptoms and airway obstruction in HIV-infected subjects in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) are unknown. We evaluated respiratory symptoms and measured airway obstruction to identify the impact of HAART and other risk factors on respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Two hundred thirty-four HIV-infected adults without acute respiratory symptoms were recruited from an HIV clinic. All subjects were interviewed and performed spirometry. Multivariate linear and logistic regressions were performed to determine predictors of respiratory symptoms, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1)) percent predicted, and FEV(1)/forced vital capacity (FEV(1)/FVC). Thirty-one percent of subjects reported at least one respiratory symptom. Smoking status (current or former versus never) (odds ratio [OR] = 2.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.41-5.22, p = 0.003), higher log plasma HIV
10.1371/journal.pone.0006328
19621086
PMC2709444
Adult Aged *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Female HIV Infections/drug therapy/*physiopathology Humans Male Middle Aged *Respiratory Function Tests Risk Factors
George MP, Kannass M, Huang L, Sciurba FC, Morris A (2009). Respiratory symptoms and airway obstruction in HIV-infected subjects in the HAART era. PLoS One, 4(7), e6328. PMC2709444
Journal Article
Fidelity of SNP array genotyping using Epstein Barr virus-transformed B-lymphocyte cell lines: implications for genome-wide association studies
PLoS One
2009
4-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19730697
BACKGROUND: As availability of primary cells can be limited for genetic studies of human disease, lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) are common sources of genomic DNA. LCL are created in a transformation process that entails in vitro infection of human B-lymphocytes with the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: To test for genotypic errors potentially induced by the Epstein-Barr Virus transformation process, we compared single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotype calls in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and LCL from the same individuals. The average mismatch rate across 19 comparisons was 0.12% for SNPs with a population call rate of at least 95%, and 0.03% at SNPs with a call rate of at least 99%. Mismatch rates were not correlated across genotype subarrays run on all sample pairs. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Genotypic discrepancies found in PBMC and LCL pairs were not significantly different than control pairs, and were not correlated across subarrays. The
10.1371/journal.pone.0006915
19730697
PMC2731852
Adult B-Lymphocytes/*metabolism/virology Cell Line, Transformed Cell Line, Tumor Cell Transformation, Viral/genetics *Genome-Wide Association Study *Genotype HIV Infections/complications Herpesvirus 4, Human/*genetics Humans Male Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis Phenotype *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide Prospective Studies
Herbeck JT, Gottlieb GS, Wong K, Detels R, Phair JP, Rinaldo CR, Jacobson LP, Margolick JB, Mullins JI (2009). Fidelity of SNP array genotyping using Epstein Barr virus-transformed B-lymphocyte cell lines: implications for genome-wide association studies. PLoS One, 4(9), e6915. PMC2731852
Journal Article
Rapid influx and death of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in lymph nodes mediate depletion in acute simian immunodeficiency virus infection
PLoS Pathog
2009
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19424421
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) are essential innate immune system cells that are lost from the circulation in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals associated with CD4(+) T cell decline and disease progression. pDC depletion is thought to be caused by migration to tissues or cell death, although few studies have addressed this directly. We used precise methods of enumeration and in vivo labeling with 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine to track recently divided pDC in blood and tissue compartments of monkeys with acute pathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection. We show that pDC are lost from blood and peripheral lymph nodes within 14 days of infection, despite a normal frequency of pDC in bone marrow. Paradoxically, pDC loss masked a highly dynamic response characterized by rapid pDC mobilization into blood and a 10- to 20-fold increase in recruitment to lymph nodes relative to uninfected animals. Within lymph nodes, pDC had increased levels of apoptosis and ne
10.1371/journal.ppat.1000413
19424421
PMC2671605
Animals Cell Death/*immunology Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/immunology Dendritic Cells/*immunology/*pathology Female Flow Cytometry Lymph Nodes/cytology/*immunology Macaca mulatta Polymerase Chain Reaction Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology
Brown KN, Wijewardana V, Liu X, Barratt-Boyes SM (2009). Rapid influx and death of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in lymph nodes mediate depletion in acute simian immunodeficiency virus infection. PLoS Pathog, 5(5), e1000413. PMC2671605
Journal Article
Multiple-infection and recombination in HIV-1 within a longitudinal cohort of women
Retrovirology
2009
3-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19493346
BACKGROUND: Recombination between strains of HIV-1 only occurs in individuals with multiple infections, and the incidence of recombinant forms implies that multiple infection is common. Most direct studies indicate that multiple infection is rare. We determined the rate of multiple infection in a longitudinal study of 58 HIV-1 positive participants from The Women's Interagency HIV Study with a richer sampling design than previous direct studies, and we investigated the role of recombination and sampling design on estimating the multiple infection rate. RESULTS: 40% of our sample had multiple HIV-1 infections. This rate of multiple infection is statistically consistent with previous studies once differences in sampling design are taken into account. Injection drug use significantly increased the incidence of multiple infections. In general there was rapid elimination of secondary strains to undetectable levels, but in 3 cases a superinfecting strain displaced the initial infecting strai
10.1186/1742-4690-6-54
19493346
PMC2700066
Adult Cohort Studies DNA, Viral/analysis/genetics Drug Users Female Genetic Variation HIV Infections/complications/epidemiology/*virology HIV-1/*genetics Humans Incidence Longitudinal Studies Reassortant Viruses *Recombination, Genetic Risk Factors Superinfection/*epidemiology/etiology/virology env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/analysis/genetics pol Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/analysis/genetics
Templeton AR, Kramer MG, Jarvis J, Kowalski J, Gange S, Schneider MF, Shao Q, Zhang GW, Yeh MF, Tsai HL, Zhang H, Markham RB (2009). Multiple-infection and recombination in HIV-1 within a longitudinal cohort of women. Retrovirology, 6(), 54. PMC2700066
Journal Article
Survival attributable to an exposure
Stat Med
2009
20-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19697303
In the survival analysis context, when an intervention either reduces a harmful exposure or introduces a beneficial treatment, it seems useful to quantify the gain in survival attributable to the intervention as an alternative to the reduction in risk. To accomplish this we introduce two new concepts, the attributable survival and attributable survival time, and study their properties. Our analysis includes comparison with the attributable risk function as well as hazard-based alternatives. We also extend the setting to the case where the intervention takes place at discrete points in time, and may either eliminate exposure or introduce a beneficial treatment in only a proportion of the available group. This generalization accommodates the more realistic situation where the treatment or exposure is dynamic. We apply these methods to assess the effect of introducing highly active antiretroviral therapy for the treatment of clinical AIDS at the population level.
10.1002/sim.3705
19697303
PMC3057448
Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Biostatistics/methods HIV Infections/drug therapy/mortality Humans Kaplan-Meier Estimate Models, Statistical Proportional Hazards Models *Risk Risk Factors Risk Reduction Behavior *Survival Analysis
Cox C, Chu H, Muñoz A (2009). Survival attributable to an exposure. Stat Med, 28(26), 3276-93. PMC3057448
Journal Article
Crack cocaine, disease progression, and mortality in a multicenter cohort of HIV-1 positive women
AIDS
2008
11-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18580615
BACKGROUND: Longitudinal associations between patterns of crack cocaine use and progression of HIV-1 disease are poorly understood, especially among women. This study explores relationships between crack use and HIV-1 disease outcomes in a multicenter cohort of infected women. METHODS: Subjects were 1686 HIV-seropositive women enrolled at six US research centers in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Approximately 80% were non-white and 29% used crack during the study period. Cox survival and random regression analysis examined biannual observations made April 1996 through September 2004. Outcome measures included death due to AIDS-related causes, CD4 cell count, HIV-1 RNA level, and newly acquired AIDS-defining illnesses. RESULTS: Persistent crack users were over three times as likely as non-users to die from AIDS-related causes, controlling for use of HAART self-reported at 95% or higher adherence, problem drinking, age, race, income, education, illness duration, study site, and basel
10.1097/QAD.0b013e32830507f2
18580615
PMC2645902
Adult CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cocaine-Related Disorders/*complications/mortality *Crack Cocaine Disease Progression Epidemiologic Methods Female HIV Infections/*complications/immunology/mortality/virology HIV-1/*isolation & purification Humans Middle Aged Prognosis RNA, Viral/blood Socioeconomic Factors United States/epidemiology Viral Load
Cook JA, Burke-Miller JK, Cohen MH, Cook RL, Vlahov D, Wilson TE, Golub ET, Schwartz RM, Howard AA, Ponath C, Plankey MW, Levine AM, Grey DD (2008). Crack cocaine, disease progression, and mortality in a multicenter cohort of HIV-1 positive women. AIDS, 22(11), 1355-63. PMC2645902
Journal Article
Incidence and risk factors for verrucae in women
AIDS
2008
19-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18525267
OBJECTIVES: To describe the incidence and risk factors for verrucae in HIV-infected and uninfected women. DESIGN AND METHODS: A prospective study of 1790 HIV-infected and 772 uninfected women. Skin examinations and interviews were performed every 6 months over an 8-year study period. Data collected at each visit included antiretroviral therapy use since the prior visit, CD4 counts, HIV RNA loads, and location, description, and diagnosis of verrucae. Incidence rates of cutaneous and anogenital warts were determined. RESULTS: Unadjusted cumulative incidence of cutaneous warts for HIV-uninfected women was 6.6%, 6.7% for HIV-infected women who initiated HAART, and 8.4% for HIV-infected, HAART-naive women. The unadjusted cumulative incidence of anogenital verrucae for HIV-uninfected women was 9.3%, 28.4% for HIV-infected women who initiated HAART, and 25.1% for HIV-infected women who were HAART-naive. Multivariate proportional hazard models revealed the following significant factors for the
10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283021aa3
18525267
PMC2615554
Adult Age Distribution Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Anus Diseases/complications/epidemiology CD4 Lymphocyte Count Condylomata Acuminata/complications/epidemiology Female HIV Infections/complications/drug therapy/*epidemiology *hiv-1 Humans Incidence Mouth Diseases/complications/epidemiology RNA, Viral/metabolism Risk Factors Sexual Partners Skin Diseases/complications/*epidemiology United States/epidemiology Warts/complications/*epidemiology
Dolev JC, Maurer T, Springer G, Glesby MJ, Minkoff H, Connell C, Young M, Schowalter K, Cox C, Hessol NA (2008). Incidence and risk factors for verrucae in women. AIDS, 22(10), 1213-9. PMC2615554
Journal Article
Mitochondrial DNA haplogroups influence AIDS progression
AIDS
2008
30-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19005266
OBJECTIVE: Mitochondrial function plays a role in both AIDS progression and HAART toxicity; therefore, we sought to determine whether mitochondrial DNA variation revealed novel AIDS restriction genes, particularly as mitochondrial DNA single-nucleotide polymorphisms are known to influence regulation of oxidative phosphorylation, reactive oxygen species production, and apoptosis. DESIGN: This is a retrospective cohort study. METHODS: We performed an association study of mitochondrial DNA haplogroups among 1833 European American HIV-1 patients from five US cohorts: the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, the San Francisco City Clinic Study, Hemophilia Growth and Development Study, the Multicenter Hemophilia Cohort Study, and the AIDS Linked to Intravenous Experiences cohort to determine whether the mitochondrial DNA haplogroup correlated with AIDS progression rate. RESULTS: Mitochondrial DNA haplogroups J and U5a were elevated among HIV-1 infected people who display accelerated progression to
10.1097/QAD.0b013e32831940bb
19005266
PMC2699618
Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Cohort Studies DNA, Mitochondrial/*genetics/immunology Disease Progression Female HIV Infections/*genetics/immunology/mortality HIV-1/*genetics/immunology Haplotypes/*genetics/immunology Humans Male Middle Aged Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Hendrickson SL, Hutcheson HB, Ruiz-Pesini E, Poole JC, Lautenberger J, Sezgin E, Kingsley L, Goedert JJ, Vlahov D, Donfield S, Wallace DC, O'Brien SJ (2008). Mitochondrial DNA haplogroups influence AIDS progression. AIDS, 22(18), 2429-39. PMC2699618
Journal Article
Low CD4+ T-cell count as a major atherosclerosis risk factor in HIV-infected women and men
AIDS
2008
20-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18670221
OBJECTIVE: To assess the association of HIV infection, HIV disease parameters (including CD4+ T-cell counts, HIV viral load, and AIDS) and antiretroviral medication use with subclinical carotid artery atherosclerosis. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study nested within a prospective cohort study. METHODS: Among participants in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (1331 HIV-infected women, 534 HIV-uninfected women) and Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (600 HIV-infected men, 325 HIV-uninfected men), we measured subclinical carotid artery lesions and common carotid artery intima-media thickness using B-mode ultrasound. We estimated adjusted mean carotid artery intima-media thickness differences and prevalence ratios for carotid lesions associated with HIV-related disease and treatments, with multivariate adjustment to control for possible confounding variables. RESULTS: Among HIV-infected individuals, a low CD4+ T-cell count was independently associated with an increased prevalence of carotid lesions.
10.1097/QAD.0b013e328300581d
18670221
PMC2624572
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnostic imaging/drug therapy/immunology Adult Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use CD4 Lymphocyte Count Carotid Artery Diseases/diagnostic imaging/immunology/*virology Carotid Artery, Common/diagnostic imaging Case-Control Studies Drug Administration Schedule Female *hiv HIV Infections/diagnostic imaging/drug therapy/*immunology Humans Male Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis Prevalence Prospective Studies Risk Factors Tunica Intima/diagnostic imaging Ultrasonography Viral Load
Kaplan RC, Kingsley LA, Gange SJ, Benning L, Jacobson LP, Lazar J, Anastos K, Tien PC, Sharrett AR, Hodis HN (2008). Low CD4+ T-cell count as a major atherosclerosis risk factor in HIV-infected women and men. AIDS, 22(13), 1615-24. PMC2624572
Journal Article
Subclinical coronary atherosclerosis, HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy: Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
AIDS
2008
20-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18670218
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of HIV infection and cumulative exposure to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) with the presence and extent of coronary artery calcification (CAC). DESIGN: A cross-sectional study of 947 male participants (332 HIV-seronegative, 84 HAART-naive and 531 HAART-experienced HIV-infected) from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. METHODS: The main outcome was CAC score calculated as the geometric mean of the Agatston scores of two computed tomography replicates. Presence of CAC was defined as calcification score above 10, and extent of CAC by the score for those with CAC present. Multivariable regression was used to evaluate the association between HIV infection and HAART and presence and extent of calcification. RESULTS: Increasing age was most strongly associated with both prevalence and extent of CAC for all study groups. After adjustment for age, race, family history, smoking, high-density lipoprotein-C, low-density lipoprotein-C and hyperten
10.1097/QAD.0b013e328306a6c5
18670218
PMC3633463
Adult Aged Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Calcinosis/*complications/diagnostic imaging Case-Control Studies Chronic Disease Coronary Angiography Coronary Artery Disease/*complications/diagnostic imaging HIV Infections/*complications/diagnostic imaging/drug therapy Humans Lipids/blood Logistic Models Male Middle Aged Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Kingsley LA, Cuervo-Rojas J, Muñoz A, Palella FJ, Post W, Witt MD, Budoff M, Kuller L (2008). Subclinical coronary atherosclerosis, HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy: Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. AIDS, 22(13), 1589-99. PMC3633463
Journal Article
Incidence and outcomes of malignancy in the HAART era in an urban cohort of HIV-infected individuals
AIDS
2008
19-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18301061
OBJECTIVE: To investigate trends, patient characteristics, and survival associated with AIDS-defining cancer (ADC) and non-AIDS defining cancer (NADC) in the HAART era. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of all incident malignancies occurring in 1996-2005 among 2566 patients in an urban HIV clinic. METHODS: Clinical profiles of NADC were compared with ADC and the general cohort. Incidence was examined by Poisson analysis. Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) compared cancer risk with that in the general population. Survival was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: Between 1996 and 2005, 138 ADC and 115 NADC were diagnosed. ADC rates decreased from 12.5 to 3.5 cases/1000 person-years (P < 0.001 for trend) while NADC rates increased from 3.9 to 7.1 cases/1000 person-years (P = 0.13 for trend). Incidence of the most common NADC was higher than expected, including cancers of the lung [n = 29; SIR, 5.5; 95% confidence interval (CI), 3.7-8.0], liver (n = 13, SIR,
10.1097/QAD.0b013e3282f47082
18301061
PMC2553213
Adult Aged *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Baltimore/epidemiology Epidemiologic Methods Female HIV Infections/complications/*drug therapy/mortality Humans Male Middle Aged Neoplasms/complications/*mortality Urban Health
Long JL, Engels EA, Moore RD, Gebo KA (2008). Incidence and outcomes of malignancy in the HAART era in an urban cohort of HIV-infected individuals. AIDS, 22(4), 489-96. PMC2553213
Journal Article
NIHMS67610
Effect of tuberculosis on the survival of HIV-infected men in a country with low tuberculosis incidence
AIDS
2008
12-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18753866
Evidence regarding the effect of tuberculosis (TB) on HIV disease progression at the population level remains inconclusive. We estimated the effect of incident TB on time to AIDS-related death, using a marginal structural Cox model. Between 1984 and 2005, 2882 HIV-infected men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study contributed 21 914 person-years while followed for a median of 5.4 years. At study entry, the median CD4 cell count and HIV-1 RNA viral load were 533 cells/microl (interquartile range: 365-737) and 12, 953 copies/ml (interquartile range: 2453-48 540), respectively. This study was performed in a setting with a modest exposure to HAART; 8295 of 23 801 (35%) person-years were followed during the HAART era. Fifteen men incurred incident TB, yielding a TB incidence of 7 (95% confidence interval: 4-14) per 10 000 person-years and 1072 died of AIDS-related causes. Accounting for potential confounders, including CD4 cell count and viral load, the hazard of AIDS-related death was 2.4 t
10.1097/QAD.0b013e32830e010c
18753866
PMC3079345
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/*epidemiology/mortality/virology Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/microbiology/*mortality Adult *hiv-1 Humans Incidence Male Proportional Hazards Models Prospective Studies Survival Analysis Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/*epidemiology/mortality/virology United States
López-Gatell H, Cole SR, Margolick JB, Witt MD, Martinson J, Phair JP, Jacobson LP; Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (2008). Effect of tuberculosis on the survival of HIV-infected men in a country with low tuberculosis incidence. AIDS, 22(14), 1869-73. PMC3079345
Journal Article
Increased cardiovascular risk in HIV infection: drugs, virus and immunity
AIDS
2008
20-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18670222
10.1097/QAD.0b013e328306a6db
18670222
Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use Cardiovascular Diseases/drug therapy/immunology/*virology Cross-Sectional Studies Female *hiv HIV Infections/*complications/drug therapy Humans Male Risk
Murphy R, Costagliola D (2008). Increased cardiovascular risk in HIV infection: drugs, virus and immunity. AIDS, 22(13), 1625-7.
Journal Article
Long-term consequences of the delay between virologic failure of highly active antiretroviral therapy and regimen modification
AIDS
2008
18-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18832873
OBJECTIVES: Current treatment guidelines recommend immediate modification of antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected individuals with incomplete viral suppression. These recommendations have not been tested in observational studies or large randomized trials. We evaluated the consequences of delayed modification following virologic failure. DESIGN/METHODS: We used prospective data from two clinical cohorts to estimate the effect of time until regimen modification following first regimen failure on all-cause mortality. The impact of regimen type was also assessed. As the effect of delayed switching can be confounded if patients with a poor prognosis modify therapy earlier than those with a good prognosis, we used a statistical methodology - marginal structural models - to control for time-dependent confounding. RESULTS: A total of 982 patients contributed 3414 person-years of follow-up following first regimen failure. Delay until treatment modification was associated with an elevated haz
10.1097/QAD.0b013e32830f97e2
18832873
PMC2597677
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*administration & dosage/therapeutic use Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/methods CD4 Lymphocyte Count Drug Administration Schedule Drug Resistance, Viral Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/immunology/mortality HIV Protease Inhibitors/administration & dosage/therapeutic use Humans Male Middle Aged Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/administration & dosage/therapeutic use Treatment Failure Treatment Outcome United States/epidemiology
Petersen ML, van der Laan MJ, Napravnik S, Eron JJ, Moore RD, Deeks SG (2008). Long-term consequences of the delay between virologic failure of highly active antiretroviral therapy and regimen modification. AIDS, 22(16), 2097-106. PMC2597677
Journal Article
NIHMS67629
The insulin-like growth factor axis and risk of liver disease in hepatitis C virus/HIV-co-infected women
AIDS
2008
19-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18301066
OBJECTIVE: Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I stimulates the proliferation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC), the primary source of extracellular matrix accumulation in liver fibrosis. In contrast, insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP) 3, the most abundant IGFBP in circulation, negatively modulates HSC mitogenesis. To investigate the role of the IGF axis in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related liver disease among high-risk patients, we prospectively evaluated HCV-viremic/HIV-positive women. DESIGN: A cohort investigation. METHODS: Total IGF-I and IGFBP-3 were measured in baseline serum specimens obtained from 472 HCV-viremic/HIV-positive subjects enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study, a large multi-institutional cohort. The aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI), a marker of liver fibrosis, was assessed annually. RESULTS: Normal APRI levels (< 1.0) at baseline were detected in 374 of the 472 HCV-viremic/HIV-positive subjects tested, of whom 302 had comp
10.1097/QAD.0b013e3282f22cdf
18301066
PMC3507535
Adolescent Adult Aged Aspartate Aminotransferases/metabolism Epidemiologic Methods Female HIV Infections/*complications/enzymology Hepatitis C, Chronic/*complications/enzymology Humans Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3/*metabolism Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/*metabolism Liver Cirrhosis/enzymology/*virology Middle Aged United States/epidemiology Viremia/epidemiology
Strickler HD, Howard AA, Peters M, Fazzari M, Yu H, Augenbraun M, French AL, Young M, Gange S, Anastos K, Kovacs A (2008). The insulin-like growth factor axis and risk of liver disease in hepatitis C virus/HIV-co-infected women. AIDS, 22(4), 527-31. PMC3507535
Journal Article
HIV-1 coreceptor usage and CXCR4-specific viral load predict clinical disease progression during combination antiretroviral therapy
AIDS
2008
19-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18301059
BACKGROUND: Although combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) dramatically reduces rates of AIDS and death, a minority of patients experience clinical disease progression during treatment. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether detection of CXCR4(X4)-specific strains or quantification of X4-specific HIV-1 load predict clinical outcome. METHODS: From the Swiss HIV Cohort Study, 96 participants who initiated cART yet subsequently progressed to AIDS or death were compared with 84 contemporaneous, treated nonprogressors. A sensitive heteroduplex tracking assay was developed to quantify plasma X4 and CCR5 variants and resolve HIV-1 load into coreceptor-specific components. Measurements were analyzed as cofactors of progression in multivariable Cox models adjusted for concurrent CD4 cell count and total viral load, applying inverse probability weights to adjust for sampling bias. RESULTS: Patients with X4 variants at baseline displayed reduced CD4 cell responses compared with those without X4 st
10.1097/QAD.0b013e3282f4196c
18301059
Adult *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Disease Progression Epidemiologic Methods Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/immunology *hiv-1 Humans Male Receptors, CXCR4/*metabolism Treatment Outcome Viral Load
Weiser B, Philpott S, Klimkait T, Burger H, Kitchen C, Bürgisser P, Gorgievski M, Perrin L, Piffaretti JC, Ledergerber B; Swiss HIV Cohort Study (2008). HIV-1 coreceptor usage and CXCR4-specific viral load predict clinical disease progression during combination antiretroviral therapy. AIDS, 22(4), 469-79.
Journal Article
Prospective study of attitudinal and relationship predictors of sexual risk in the multicenter AIDS cohort study
AIDS Behav
2008
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17410419
We examined the influence of attitudes concerning HIV transmission, safe sex, and sexual sensation seeking, as well as negotiated risk reduction with primary partners, on the proportion of unprotected sexual partners (%UASP) among men who have sex with men (MSM). Participants were 263 HIV-seropositive and 238 HIV-seronegative MSM in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study between 1999 and 2003 who completed a 20-item attitude survey twice. Behavioral data were collected concurrently and 6-12 months after each survey. Among seropositives, decreased HIV concern and increased safer sex fatigue were associated with higher %UASP at 6 and 12 months. Among seronegatives, increased %UASP at 12 months was associated with safer sex fatigue. At 6 months and 12 months, risk reduction agreements were associated with increased %UASP among seronegatives in seroconcordant monogamous relationships, reflecting their abandonment of condoms in such partnerships. We conclude that HIV prevention efforts should ta
10.1007/s10461-007-9223-x
17410419
Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Cohort Studies HIV Infections/drug therapy/prevention & control/psychology/transmission HIV Seronegativity HIV Seropositivity *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice Homosexuality, Male Humans Male Middle Aged Prospective Studies *Risk-Taking *Sexual Behavior Sexual Partners Surveys and Questionnaires
Ostrow DG, Silverberg MJ, Cook RL, Chmiel JS, Johnson L, Li X, Jacobson LP; multicenter AIDS cohort study (2008). Prospective study of attitudinal and relationship predictors of sexual risk in the multicenter AIDS cohort study. AIDS Behav, 12(1), 127-38.
Journal Article
Physician specialization and women's primary care services in an urban HIV clinic
AIDS Patient Care STDS
2008
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18373414
To compare adherence to published primary care guidelines by general internal medicine and infectious diseases (ID) specialist physicians treating HIV-positive women we conducted a retrospective patient record review of 148 female HIV-positive patients seen at the Nathan Smith Clinic in New Haven, Connecticut, in 2001 and 2002. Four quality measures were defined to evaluate physician practices: annual cervical cancer screening, influenza vaccination and hyperlipidemia screening, and biennial mammography. Main outcome was the frequency of meeting each measure by generalist and ID-specialist physicians, and the two physician types were compared after controlling for patient clustering, age, and CD4 cell count. Among all measures, the rates of cervical cancer screening in 2001 were lowest among generalists (55%) and ID-specialists (47%) but not significantly different (odds ratio [OR] 1.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.78 to 1.90), and the rates of hyperlipidemia screening in 2002 were
10.1089/apc.2007.0032
18373414
PMC2597508
Communicable Diseases Connecticut Female *Guideline Adherence HIV Infections/drug therapy/prevention & control Humans Hyperlipidemias/diagnosis Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage Internal Medicine Mammography/statistics & numerical data *Medicine Practice Patterns, Physicians'/*standards Primary Health Care/*standards *Specialization Urban Health Vaginal Smears/statistics & numerical data
Koethe JR, Moore RD, Wagner KR (2008). Physician specialization and women's primary care services in an urban HIV clinic. AIDS Patient Care STDS, 22(5), 373-80. PMC2597508
Journal Article
Proliferation and foxp3 expression in virus-specific memory CD8+ T lymphocytes
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2008
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18620494
Foxp3 plays a critical role in development of CD4+ regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs). It was originally proposed as a specific marker for Tregs, but recent studies have shown that Foxp3 can be expressed in proliferating CD8+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes. We further investigated the association between Foxp3 expression and proliferation of peripheral blood CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes and focused on virus-specific memory CD8+ T lymphocytes. We found that resting peripheral blood bulk and cytomegalovirus- or HIV-1-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes do not normally express Foxp3. However, stimulation in vitro triggered these cells to express Foxp3 as well as CD25, and the addition of interleukin-2 possibly enhanced the expression of Foxp3. These data demonstrate that proliferation itself is sufficient to induce the Treg-like phenotype. Given that others have demonstrated Treg functional activity in such "induced Tregs," these results suggest that virus-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes have the capacity to ac
10.1089/aid.2008.0041
18620494
PMC2643876
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/metabolism CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/*metabolism/*virology Cell Proliferation Cells, Cultured Forkhead Transcription Factors/immunology/*metabolism HIV Infections/*immunology HIV-1/*immunology Humans *Immunologic Memory Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit/immunology/metabolism T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology/metabolism
Hoji A, Coro A, Ng HL, Jamieson BD, Yang OO (2008). Proliferation and foxp3 expression in virus-specific memory CD8+ T lymphocytes. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 24(8), 1087-95. PMC2643876
Journal Article
Interarm blood pressure differences in the women's interagency HIV study
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2008
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18507529
Hypertension has been reported in 8-32% of HIV-infected individuals. Large interarm blood pressure differences (IABPD) may cause misclassification of blood pressure (BP) status. The objectives of this study were to determine the magnitude and factors associated with IABPD in HIV-infected women and uninfected controls. Using automated devices, two BP recordings were measured and averaged from each arm in Brooklyn enrollees of the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Absolute IABPD was calculated for each patient. Among 335 subjects, 238 were HIV infected and 97 were uninfected. Mean systolic and diastolic IABPD were 6 +/- 5 mm Hg and 4 +/- 3 mm Hg, respectively. Twenty-six percent of subjects had systolic IABPD >10 mm Hg and 6% had systolic IABPD >20 mm Hg. Fifteen percent of subjects had diastolic IABPD >10 mm Hg. Interarm BP differences were not associated with HIV serostatus, CD4(+) cell count, and use of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Systolic IABPD >20 mm Hg was associated with ob
10.1089/aid.2007.0237
18507529
Adult Arm/blood supply *Blood Pressure Blood Pressure Determination/methods Brachial Artery/physiopathology Cardiovascular Diseases/physiopathology Cohort Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Diastole Female *hiv HIV Infections/*physiopathology Humans Hypertension/diagnosis/physiopathology Middle Aged Obesity/physiopathology Risk Factors Systole United States
Lazar J, Holman S, Minkoff HL, Dehovitz JA, Sharma A (2008). Interarm blood pressure differences in the women's interagency HIV study. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 24(5), 695-700.
Journal Article
Association of cells with natural killer (NK) and NKT immunophenotype with incident cancers in HIV-infected women
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2008
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18240964
Evidence indicates that immunosupression is associated with the development of certain cancers. The pathogenesis of HIV disease includes an alteration in innate immunity, mediated through NK and NKT cells. The evaluation of innate immune status in HIV patients prior to cancer diagnosis may identify the specific immunological events preceding the development of malignant disease. We evaluated the association between immunophenotypically defined NK, NKT, and CD8(+) cell percentages and incident malignancies in 1817 HIV(+) women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) who were followed for a median of 7.5 years. A total of 52 incident cancers of 20 different sites were identified. Compared to cancer-free women, cancer cases were older (p < 0.01), more likely to be anti-HCV(+) (p = 0.02), and had higher baseline median HIV RNA levels than controls. The CD8(+), NK, and NKT percents at baseline were not related to cancer risk. However, when time-dependent values for NKT cells were used,
10.1089/aid.2007.0119
18240964
Adolescent Adult Age Factors CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology Female HIV/isolation & purification HIV Infections/*complications/*immunology Hepatitis C Antibodies/blood Humans Killer Cells, Natural/*immunology Longitudinal Studies Lymphocyte Subsets/*immunology Middle Aged Neoplasms/epidemiology/*immunology RNA, Viral/blood Risk Factors Viral Load
Nowicki MJ, Vigen C, Mack WJ, Seaberg E, Landay A, Anastos K, Young M, Minkoff H, Greenblatt R, Levine AM (2008). Association of cells with natural killer (NK) and NKT immunophenotype with incident cancers in HIV-infected women. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 24(2), 163-8.
Journal Article
Association of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use with HAART Initiation
Altern Ther Health Med
2008
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2651402/
18780580
PMC2651402
Daniel Merenstein, Yang Yang, Michael F. Schneider, Lakshmi Goparaju, Kathleen Weber, Anjali Sharma, Alexandra M. Levine, Gerald B. Sharp, Monica Gandhi, and Chenglong Liu (2008). Association of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use with HAART Initiation. Altern Ther Health Med, 14(), 18-22. PMC2651402
Journal Article
Impact of drug abuse treatment modalities on adherence to ART/HAART among a cohort of HIV seropositive women
Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse
2008
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18293232
Methadone maintenance is associated with improved adherence to antiretroviral therapies among HIV-positive illicit drug users; however, little information exists on whether adherence is associated with different drug abuse treatment modalities. Using longitudinal data from the Women's Interagency HIV Study, we evaluated the relationship between drug abuse treatment modality and adherence to antiretroviral therapies. In prospective analyses, individuals who reported accessing any drug abuse treatment program were more likely to report adherence to antiretroviral regimens > or = 95% of the time (AOR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.01-1.92). Involvement in either a medication-based or medication-free program was similarly associated with improved adherence. Drug abuse treatment programs, irrespective of modality, are associated with improved adherence to antiretroviral therapies among drug users. Concerted efforts to enroll individuals with drug use histories in treatment programs are warranted to imp
10.1080/00952990701877052
18293232
Adult *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Cohort Studies Comorbidity Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/epidemiology Humans Multivariate Analysis *Patient Compliance Prospective Studies Regression Analysis Substance Abuse, Intravenous/epidemiology/*rehabilitation United States/epidemiology
Kapadia F, Vlahov D, Wu Y, Cohen MH, Greenblatt RM, Howard AA, Cook JA, Goparaju L, Golub E, Richardson J, Wilson TE (2008). Impact of drug abuse treatment modalities on adherence to ART/HAART among a cohort of HIV seropositive women. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse, 34(2), 161-70.
Journal Article
Constructing inverse probability weights for marginal structural models
Am J Epidemiol
2008
15-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18682488
The method of inverse probability weighting (henceforth, weighting) can be used to adjust for measured confounding and selection bias under the four assumptions of consistency, exchangeability, positivity, and no misspecification of the model used to estimate weights. In recent years, several published estimates of the effect of time-varying exposures have been based on weighted estimation of the parameters of marginal structural models because, unlike standard statistical methods, weighting can appropriately adjust for measured time-varying confounders affected by prior exposure. As an example, the authors describe the last three assumptions using the change in viral load due to initiation of antiretroviral therapy among 918 human immunodeficiency virus-infected US men and women followed for a median of 5.8 years between 1996 and 2005. The authors describe possible tradeoffs that an epidemiologist may encounter when attempting to make inferences. For instance, a tradeoff between bias
10.1093/aje/kwn164
18682488
PMC2732954
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy/*epidemiology Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Bias *Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic Female Hiv-1 Humans *Logistic Models Male Multicenter Studies as Topic *Probability
Cole SR, Hernán MA (2008). Constructing inverse probability weights for marginal structural models. Am J Epidemiol, 168(6), 656-64. PMC2732954
Journal Article
Sexual activity and Kaposi's sarcoma among human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and human herpesvirus type 8-coinfected men
Ann Epidemiol
2008
Jul-08
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18504143
PURPOSE: There is notable heterogeneity in the progression to Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) among men coinfected with HIV-1 and human herpesvirus type 8 (HHV-8); additional determinants of KS likely exist. Here, we explore sexual activity as a proxy for a sexually transmitted determinant beyond HIV-1 and HHV-8. METHODS: The association between sexual activity and incident KS was estimated with data from 1354 HIV-1- and HHV-8-coinfected homosexual men who were followed for up to 10 years in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. RESULTS: As expected, white race, low CD4 cell count, and the acquisition of HHV-8 after HIV-1 infection increased, whereas smoking decreased, the hazard of KS. The unadjusted hazard of KS among those with high sexual activity was 0.68 relative to the hazard of those with low sexual activity (95% confidence interval, 0.49-0.93) and was somewhat muted after adjustment for characteristics measured at study entry (i.e., race, smoking, CD4 cell count, infection order, history o
10.1016/j.annepidem.2008.03.009
18504143
PMC2587441
Adult AIDS Baltimore CD4 CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cell Count characteristics cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Comorbidity Disease epidemiology health Herpesvirus 8,Human HHV-8 history HIV Infections Hiv-1 HIV-1 infection homosexual homosexual men Homosexuality,Male Human human herpesvirus human immunodeficiency virus Humans immunodeficiency immunology infection isolation & purification Kaposi's sarcoma KS Male methods multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Multicenter Studies progression Prospective Studies Public Health research Sarcoma,Kaposi Seroepidemiologic Studies sexual sexual activity sexual behavior Sexually Transmitted Diseases Smoking study support transmitted United States Urban Health virology virus
Nawar EW, Cole SR, Farzadegan H, Witt MD, Jenkins FJ, Margolick JB, Phair JP, Jacobson LP (2008). Sexual activity and Kaposi's sarcoma among human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and human herpesvirus type 8-coinfected men. Ann Epidemiol, 18(7), 517-521. PMC2587441
Journal Article
Validation of a low cost computer-based method for quantification of immunohistochemistry-stained sections
Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol
2008
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18528275
The aim of the present study was to determine if the Alpha DigiDoc RT system would be an effective method of quantifying immunohistochemical staining as compared with a manual counting method, which is considered the gold standard. Two readers were used to count 31 samples by both methods. The results obtained using the Bland-Altman for concordance deemed no statistical difference between the 2 methods. Thus, the Alpha DigiDoc RT system is an effective, low cost method to quantify immunohistochemical data.
10.1097/PAI.0b013e31815b5340
18528275
Antigens, Neoplasm/analysis/immunology *Computers/economics Humans Immunohistochemistry/economics/instrumentation/*methods Male Prostatic Neoplasms/chemistry/pathology Staining and Labeling/economics/instrumentation/*methods
Montgomery JD, Hensler HR, Jacobson LP, Jenkins FJ (2008). Validation of a low cost computer-based method for quantification of immunohistochemistry-stained sections. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol, 16(4), 400-4.
Journal Article
Mechanism by which a glutamine to leucine substitution at residue 509 in the ribonuclease H domain of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase confers zidovudine resistance
Biochemistry
2008
30-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19067547
We recently reported that zidovudine (AZT) selected for the Q509L mutation in the ribonuclease H (RNase H) domain of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT), which increases resistance to AZT in combination with the thymidine analogue mutations D67N, K70R, and T215F. In the current study, we have defined the mechanism by which Q509L confers AZT resistance by performing in-depth biochemical analyses of wild type, D67N/K70R/T215F and D67N/K70R/T215F/Q509L HIV-1 RT. Our results show that Q509L increases AZT-monophosphate (AZT-MP) excision activity of RT on RNA/DNA template/primers (T/Ps) but not DNA/DNA T/Ps. This increase in excision activity on the RNA/DNA T/P is due to Q509L decreasing a secondary RNase H cleavage event that reduces the RNA/DNA duplex length to 10 nucleotides and significantly impairs the enzyme's ability to excise the chain-terminating nucleotide. Presteady-state kinetic analyses indicate that Q509L does not affect initial rates of the polymerase-directed RNase H activity bu
10.1021/bi8014778
19067547
PMC2740331
*Amino Acid Substitution Binding, Competitive *Drug Resistance, Viral Glutamine/genetics HIV Reverse Transcriptase/*genetics/physiology Kinetics Leucine/genetics Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/pharmacokinetics Ribonuclease H/*genetics/physiology Zidovudine/*pharmacokinetics
Brehm JH, Mellors JW, Sluis-Cremer N (2008). Mechanism by which a glutamine to leucine substitution at residue 509 in the ribonuclease H domain of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase confers zidovudine resistance. Biochemistry, 47(52), 14020-7. PMC2740331
Journal Article
NIHMS111450
Insulin-like growth factor axis and oncogenic human papillomavirus natural history
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
2008
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18199731
High serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) are reported to be a risk factor for several common cancers, and recent cross-sectional data suggest a possible additional association of IGF-I with cervical neoplasia. To prospectively assess whether circulating IGF-I levels influence the natural history of oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV), the viral cause of cervical cancer, we conducted a pilot investigation of 137 women who underwent semiannual type-specific HPV DNA PCR testing and cervical cytology. Total IGF-I and IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), the most abundant IGFBP in circulation, were measured using baseline serum specimens. Having a high IGF-I/IGFBP-3 ratio was associated with increased persistence of oncogenic HPV infection [that is, a lower rate of clearance; adjusted hazard ratio (AHR), 0.14; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.04-0.57], whereas IGFBP-3 was inversely associated with both the incident detection of oncogenic HPV (AHR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.13-0.93) a
10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-07-0686
18199731
Adult Case-Control Studies Cohort Studies DNA, Viral/genetics/metabolism Female HIV Seropositivity Humans Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3/genetics/*metabolism Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/genetics/*metabolism Papillomaviridae/genetics/isolation & purification Papillomavirus Infections/*epidemiology/metabolism/virology Pilot Projects Prospective Studies Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/*epidemiology/metabolism/virology
Harris TG, Burk RD, Yu H, Minkoff H, Massad LS, Watts DH, Zhong Y, Gange S, Kaplan RC, Anastos K, Levine AM, Moxley M, Xue X, Fazzari M, Palefsky JM, Strickler HD (2008). Insulin-like growth factor axis and oncogenic human papillomavirus natural history. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 17(1), 245-8.
Journal Article
Failure to restore the Vg2-Jg1.2 repertoire in HIV-infected men receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)
Clin Immunol
2008
Sep-08
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18606571
Gammadelta (gammadelta) T cells expressing the Vgamma2-Jgamma1.2Vdelta2 (Vgamma9-JPVdelta2, alternate nomenclature) T cell receptor (TCR) constitute the major peripheral blood population of gammadelta T cells in adult humans and are specifically depleted during human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease. Vgamma2-Jgamma1.2Vdelta2 T cells provide a convenient model for assessing the impact of antiretroviral therapy on cell populations that are not susceptible to direct infection because they do not express CD4 and depletion occurs by indirect mechanisms. We obtained longitudinal PBMC samples from 16 HIV-infected individuals who enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) and were starting highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Vgamma2-Jgamma1.2Vdelta2 T cells were depleted in these individuals as a result of HIV infection. Despite evidence for clinical benefits of HAART, the Vgamma2-Jgamma1.2Vdelta2 T cell repertoire did not recover after HAART initiation irrespective of
10.1016/j.clim.2008.04.008
18606571
PMC2603626
Adult AIDS antiretroviral therapy Antiretroviral Therapy,Highly Active Baltimore blood CD4 CD4 Lymphocyte Count cells clinical cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Disease drug therapy duration effects HAART Hiv HIV infection HIV Infections Human human immunodeficiency virus Humans immunodeficiency immunology infection longitudinal Lymphocyte Count MACS Male Maryland metabolism Middle Aged model multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Multicenter Studies PBMC population Receptors,Antigen,T-Cell,gamma-delta research study support t cell t-cells T-Lymphocyte Subsets therapies therapy treatment virology virus
Hebbeler AM, Propp N, Cairo C, Li H, Cummings JS, Jacobson LP, Margolick JB, Pauza CD (2008). Failure to restore the Vg2-Jg1.2 repertoire in HIV-infected men receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Clin Immunol, 128(3), 349-357. PMC2603626
Journal Article
Patterns, predictors, and consequences of initial regimen type among HIV-infected women receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy
Clin Infect Dis
2008
15-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18171267
BACKGROUND: It is important to elucidate differences among initial highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimen types in comparative studies of therapy effectiveness. We aimed to identify predictors of initiation with different HAART regimen types and the effect of initial regimen type on switching and immunologic response to therapy--controlling for those predictors--among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women in the United States. METHODS: Participants in the Women's Interagency HIV Study underwent semiannual interview, venipuncture, and clinical examination. Those beginning with protease inhibitor-based, nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based, or triple-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)-based HAART during April 1996-March 2005 were eligible for analysis. Predictors of initial regimen type were assessed with polytomous logistic regression. Correlates of switching were assessed with discrete-time proportional hazards models, and
10.1086/524752
18171267
Adult *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Disease Progression Drug Administration Schedule Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/immunology/virology HIV Protease Inhibitors/*administration & dosage Humans Predictive Value of Tests Prospective Studies Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/*administration & dosage Socioeconomic Factors Treatment Outcome Viral Load
Golub ET, Benning L, Sharma A, Gandhi M, Cohen MH, Young M, Gange SJ (2008). Patterns, predictors, and consequences of initial regimen type among HIV-infected women receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis, 46(2), 305-12.
Journal Article
Rate of comorbidities not related to HIV infection or AIDS among HIV-infected patients, by CD4 cell count and HAART use status
Clin Infect Dis
2008
15-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18781885
The rate of comorbidities not related to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) among HIV-infected patients may be higher than expected. We assessed the incidence of comorbidities not related to HIV infection or AIDS by CD4 cell count and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) use status in an HIV clinical practice. A total of 2824 patients contributed 9172 person-years of longitudinal data during the period 1997-2006. Among patients with a CD4 cell count <350 cells/mm(3), receipt of HAART was associated with a significantly decreased incidence of comorbidities not related to HIV infection or AIDS.
10.1086/592115
18781885
PMC2597666
Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active CD4 Lymphocyte Count *Comorbidity Female HIV Infections/complications/*drug therapy/*epidemiology Humans Incidence Male Middle Aged
Moore RD, Gebo KA, Lucas GM, Keruly JC (2008). Rate of comorbidities not related to HIV infection or AIDS among HIV-infected patients, by CD4 cell count and HAART use status. Clin Infect Dis, 47(8), 1102-4. PMC2597666
Journal Article
NIHMS67625
Recreational drug use and T lymphocyte subpopulations in HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected men
Drug Alcohol Depend
2008
1-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18180115
The effects of recreational drugs on CD4 and CD8 T cells in humans are not well understood. We conducted a longitudinal analysis of men who have sex with men (MSM) enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) to define associations between self-reported use of marijuana, cocaine, poppers and amphetamines, and CD4 and CD8 T cell parameters in both HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected MSM. For the HIV-infected MSM, we used clinical and laboratory data collected semiannually before 1996 to avoid potential effects of antiretroviral treatment. A regression model that allowed random intercepts and slopes as well as autoregressive covariance structure for within subject errors was used. Potential confounders adjusted for included length of follow-up, demographics, tobacco smoking, alcohol use, risky sexual behaviors, history of sexually transmitted infections, and antiviral therapy. We found no clinically meaningful associations between use of marijuana, cocaine, poppers, or amphetamines a
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.11.010
18180115
PMC2691391
Adult CD4 Antigens/*immunology CD8 Antigens/*immunology Cohort Studies Follow-Up Studies HIV Infections/*epidemiology/*immunology HIV Seronegativity/*immunology Homosexuality, Male/statistics & numerical data Humans *Illicit Drugs Male Risk-Taking Substance-Related Disorders/*epidemiology
Chao C, Jacobson LP, Tashkin D, Martínez-Maza O, Roth MD, Margolick JB, Chmiel JS, Rinaldo C, Zhang ZF, Detels R (2008). Recreational drug use and T lymphocyte subpopulations in HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected men. Drug Alcohol Depend, 94(3-Jan), 165-71. PMC2691391
Journal Article
Viral sequence diversity: challenges for AIDS vaccine designs
Expert Rev Vaccines
2008
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18980542
Among the greatest challenges facing AIDS vaccine development is the intrinsic diversity among circulating populations of HIV-1 in various geographical locations and the need to develop vaccines that can elicit enduring protective immunity to variant HIV-1 strains. While variation is observed in all of the viral proteins, the greatest diversity is localized to the viral envelope glycoproteins, evidently reflecting the predominant role of these proteins in eliciting host immune recognition and responses that result in progressive evolution of the envelope proteins during persistent infection. Interestingly, while envelope glycoprotein variation is widely assumed to be a major obstacle to AIDS vaccine development, there is very little experimental data in animal or human lentivirus systems addressing this critical issue. In this review, the state of vaccine development to address envelope diversity will be presented, focusing on the use of centralized and polyvalent sequence design as me
10.1586/14760584.7.9.1405
18980542
PMC2702717
AIDS Vaccines/*immunology HIV Infections/*prevention & control/therapy/*virology HIV-1/*genetics/*immunology Humans *Polymorphism, Genetic env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/genetics/*immunology
McBurney SP, Ross TM (2008). Viral sequence diversity: challenges for AIDS vaccine designs. Expert Rev Vaccines, 7(9), 1405-17. PMC2702717
Journal Article
NIHMS87534
Self-reported low physical function is associated with diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance in HIV-positive and HIV-negative men
Futur HIV Ther
2008
Nov-08
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23805164
AIM: To investigate the association between self-reported physical function (as a surrogate for physical activity) and diabetes mellitus (DM) and insulin resistance (IR) among HIV-positive and -negative men. METHOD: A total of 384 HIV-negative and 274 HIV-positive men from the Pitt Men's Study contributed data. DM was defined by fasting serum glucose levels. IR was calculated using the homeostasis model assessment. The Physical Functioning 10 Scale from the Short Form-36 Health Survey measured physical function. Multivariate logistic regression assessed the independent association between physical function and DM and IR. RESULTS: Physical function, older age and Black race were associated with DM in multivariate analyses. Physical function/HIV interaction, older age, higher body mass index, HIV infection and Black race were associated with IR in multivariate analyses. CONCLUSION: Self-reported low physical function is associated with DM and IR in HIV-negative and -positive men
10.2217/17469600.2.6.539
23805164
PMC3690631
age Body Mass Index Diabetes Mellitus epidemiology Fasting health Hiv HIV infection Homeostasis infection Insulin Resistance model multivariate logistic regression physical function Pitt Men's Study Pittsburgh Public Health resistance self-reported sera Serum study
Longenberger A, Lim JY, Orchard T, Brooks MM, Brach J, Mertz K, Kingsley LA (2008). Self-reported low physical function is associated with diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance in HIV-positive and HIV-negative men. Futur HIV Ther, 2(6), 539-549. PMC3690631
Journal Article
Defective hepatitis B virus DNA is not associated with disease status but is reduced by polymerase mutations associated with drug resistance
Hepatology
2008
Sep-08
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18571815
Defective hepatitis B virus DNA (dDNA) is reverse-transcribed from spliced hepatitis B virus (HBV) pregenomic messenger RNA (pgRNA) and has been identified in patients with chronic HBV (CH-B). The major 2.2-kb spliced pgRNA encodes a novel HBV gene product, the hepatitis B splice protein (HBSP) via a deletion and frame shift within the polymerase. Although spliced RNA and HBSP expression have been associated with increased HBV DNA levels and liver fibrosis, the role of dDNA in HBV-associated disease is largely undefined. Our aims were to (1) compare the relative proportions of dDNA (% dDNA) in a range of HBV-infected serum samples, including patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/HBV coinfection and HBV-monoinfected persons with differing severities of liver disease, and (2) determine the effect of mutations associated with drug resistance on defective DNA production. Defective DNA was detected in 90% of persons with CH-B. There was no significant difference in the relative a
10.1002/hep.22386
18571815
PMC2669111
Australia Disease Dna Genotype hepatitis Hepatitis B Hepatitis B Virus Human human immunodeficiency virus immunodeficiency In Vitro infectious diseases Laboratories Mutation research resistance Rna Role sera support treatment virus
Preiss S, Littlejohn M, Angus P, Thompson A, Desmond P, Lewin SR, Sasadeusz J, Matthews G, Dore GJ, Shaw T, Sozzi V, Yuen L, Lau G, Ayres A, Thio C, Avihingsanon A, Ruxrungtham K, Locarnini S, Revill PA (2008). Defective hepatitis B virus DNA is not associated with disease status but is reduced by polymerase mutations associated with drug resistance. Hepatology, 48(3), 741-749. PMC2669111
Journal Article
The relationship between cocaine use and human papillomavirus infections in HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative women
Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol
2008
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18437233
OBJECTIVE: Animal data suggest that cocaine has an immunosuppressive effect, but no human studies have been conducted to assess the relation of cocaine use with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, the viral cause of cervical cancer. Since both cocaine use and HPV infection are common among HIV-positive women, we sought to determine whether use of cocaine and/or crack influences the natural history of HPV among women with or at high risk of HIV. METHODS: Women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (2278 HIV-seropositive and 826 high-risk seronegative women) were examined every six months for up to 9.5 years with Pap smear, collection of cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples, and detailed questionnaires regarding health and behavior, including use of crack and cocaine (crack/cocaine). CVLs were tested for HPV DNA by PCR, with genotyping for over forty HPV types. RESULTS: In multivariate logistic regression models, censoring women treated for cervical neoplasia, crack/cocaine use
10.1155/2008/587082
18437233
PMC2324195
Adult Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia/*epidemiology/etiology/virology Cocaine *Cocaine-Related Disorders/complications/immunology Female HIV Infections/complications/immunology HIV Seronegativity HIV Seropositivity/*complications/immunology Humans Immunocompromised Host Incidence Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis Papanicolaou Test Papillomavirus Infections/*complications/immunology Proportional Hazards Models Prospective Studies Risk Factors Risk-Taking Sexual Partners Smoking/adverse effects Tumor Virus Infections/epidemiology/etiology/virology Uterine Cervical Diseases/epidemiology/etiology/virology Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/*epidemiology/etiology/virology Vaginal Smears
Minkoff H, Zhong Y, Strickler HD, Watts DH, Palefsky JM, Levine AM, D'Souza G, Howard AA, Plankey M, Massad LS, Burk R (2008). The relationship between cocaine use and human papillomavirus infections in HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative women. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol, 2008(), 587082. PMC2324195
Journal Article
Evaluation of IL10, IL19 and IL20 gene polymorphisms and chronic hepatitis B infection outcome
Int J Immunogenet
2008
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18479293
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a serious global health problem despite the availability of a highly effective vaccine. Approximately 5% of HBV-infected adults develop chronic hepatitis B, which may result in liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Variants of interleukin-10 (IL10) have been previously associated with chronic hepatitis B infection and progression to hepatocellular carcinoma. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP; n = 42) from the IL10, IL19 and IL20 gene regions were examined for an association with HBV infection outcome, either chronic or recovered, in a nested case-control study of African Americans and European Americans. Among African Americans, three nominally statistically significant SNP associations in IL10, two in IL20, and one haplotype association were observed with different HBV infection outcomes (P = 0.005-0.04). A SNP (rs1518108) in IL20 deviated significantly from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in African Americans, with a large excess of hete
10.1111/j.1744-313X.2008.00770.x
18479293
PMC2874896
African Americans/genetics Case-Control Studies Disease Progression European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics Genotype Haplotypes Hepatitis B, Chronic/*genetics Humans Interleukin-10/*genetics Interleukins/*genetics *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Truelove AL, Oleksyk TK, Shrestha S, Thio CL, Goedert JJ, Donfield SM, Kirk GD, Thomas DL, O'Brien SJ, Smith MW (2008). Evaluation of IL10, IL19 and IL20 gene polymorphisms and chronic hepatitis B infection outcome. Int J Immunogenet, 35(3), 255-64. PMC2874896
Journal Article
Consistency of initial antiretroviral therapy with HIV treatment guidelines in a US cohort of HIV-infected women
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2008
1-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18176324
BACKGROUND: HIV treatment guidelines define optimal initial antiretroviral therapy (ART). OBJECTIVE: To characterize initial ART used by a cohort of HIV-infected women according to US HIV treatment guidelines and determine whether regimen characteristics predict short-term outcomes. METHODS: Initial ART self-reported by Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) participants. Regimens were classified as guideline consistent (GC), guideline not recommended (GNR), or unlisted. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze factors associated with guideline category. RESULTS: Two hundred seventeen WIHS participants initiated ART during the study period. Fifty-three percent reported use ofGC ART, 17% reported GNR ART, and 30% reported ART unlisted in guidelines. Study site, higher pretreatment CD4 cell count, lower HIV RNA level, and initiation before 2001 were associated with use of GNR regimens. GC ART users had a higher rise in CD4 cell counts and more frequent undetectab
10.1097/QAI.0b013e318160d552
18176324
Adult Aged Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*standards CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/immunology/virology HIV Seropositivity/blood HIV-1/*drug effects Humans Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis Practice Guidelines as Topic/*standards Prospective Studies Surveys and Questionnaires Time Factors Treatment Outcome United States Viral Load
Cocohoba J, Wang QJ, Cox C, Gange SJ, Cohen M, Glesby M, DeHovitz JA, Greenblatt RM (2008). Consistency of initial antiretroviral therapy with HIV treatment guidelines in a US cohort of HIV-infected women. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 47(3), 377-83.
Journal Article
Incidence and epidemiology of anal cancer in the multicenter AIDS cohort study
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2008
1-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18614927
OBJECTIVE: To examine the incidence and risk factors for anal cancer in a multicenter cohort of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive and HIV-negative men who have sex with men followed between 1984 and 2006 (Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study). METHODS: Prospective analysis using Poisson regression and Cox proportional hazard models and a nested case-control study using conditional logistic regression. RESULTS: There were 28 cases of anal cancer among the 6,972 men who were evaluated. The incidence rate was significantly higher in HIV-positive men than in HIV-negative men (incidence rate = 69 vs 14 per 100,000 person-years). Among HIV-positive men, anal cancer incidence was higher in the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era than the pre-HAART era (incidence rate = 137 vs 30 per 100,000 person-years). In multivariate analysis restricted to the HAART era, anal cancer risk increased significantly with HIV infection (relative hazard = 4.7, 95% confidence interval = 1.3 to 17)
10.1097/QAI.0b013e31817aebfe
18614927
PMC3991563
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Anus Neoplasms/complications/*epidemiology Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/complications/*epidemiology Cohort Studies Disease Progression *hiv HIV Infections/*complications/drug therapy Homosexuality, Male Humans Incidence Male Middle Aged Proportional Hazards Models Regression Analysis Risk Factors Unsafe Sex
D'Souza G, Wiley DJ, Li X, Chmiel JS, Margolick JB, Cranston RD, Jacobson LP (2008). Incidence and epidemiology of anal cancer in the multicenter AIDS cohort study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 48(4), 491-9. PMC3991563
Journal Article
Host genetic influences on highly active antiretroviral therapy efficacy and AIDS-free survival
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2008
1-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18391751
We studied the influence of AIDS restriction genes (ARGs) CCR5-Delta32, CCR2-64I, SDF1-3'A, IL10-5'A, CX3CR1-V249I, CX3CR1-T280M, and MDR1-C3435T and haplotypes of the CCR5 P1 promoter and RANTES variants -403A, In1.1C, 3'222C, and -28G among HIV-1 infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) and the Multicenter Hemophilia Cohort Study (MHCS). Our results indicate that several ARGs also influence therapy efficacy (ie, the success in viral suppression) and subsequent progression to AIDS while on HAART. CCR5-Delta32 decreased time to viral suppression (<200 HIV RNA copies/mL, relative hazard [RH]=1.40; P=0.008) and was protective against AIDS (RH=0.11; P=or<0.0001), whereas the CCR5 P1 haplotype was associated with delayed viral suppression (RNA<50 copies/mL, odds ratio [OR]=0.65; P=0.03) and accelerated time to AIDS (RH=2.68; P=0.02). SDF1-3'A reduced viral suppression (OR=0.61; P=0.02) and accelerated AIDS (RH=3.18; P=0.0
10.1097/QAI.0b013e31816fdc5f
18391751
PMC6986260
ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/*genetics Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*genetics *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active *CD4 Lymphocyte Count Chemokine CCL5/genetics Cohort Studies Disease Progression European Continental Ancestry Group Genotype HIV-1/*drug effects Humans Male Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Hendrickson SL, Jacobson LP, Nelson GW, Phair JP, Lautenberger J, Johnson RC, Kingsley L, Margolick JB, Detels R, Goedert JJ, O'Brien SJ (2008). Host genetic influences on highly active antiretroviral therapy efficacy and AIDS-free survival. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 48(3), 263-71. PMC6986260
Journal Article
Longitudinal anthropometric patterns among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2008
1-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18197125
INTRODUCTION: Previous studies suggest that indicators of central adiposity such as waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist circumference may be altered by HIV infection, antiretroviral treatment, or both. METHODS: Waist and hip circumference and body mass index (BMI) were measured among participants of the Women's Interagency HIV Study semiannually from 1999 to 2004. Generalized linear models evaluated longitudinal patterns of these measures and associations with demographic and clinical characteristics. RESULTS: WHR was significantly larger, whereas BMI and waist and hip circumference were significantly smaller at almost all 11 semiannual visits among 942 HIV-infected women compared with 266 HIV-uninfected women. Among HIV-uninfected women, mean waist and hip circumference and BMI increased over the 5-year study period (waist: +4.1 cm or 4.4%, hip: +3.76 cm or 3.5%, and BMI +2.43 kg/m2 or 8.2%), whereas WHR remained stable. Among the HIV-infected women, waist and hip circumference, BMI, a
10.1097/QAI.0b013e318162f597
18197125
PMC4406344
Adult Aged Anthropometry/methods Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Body Composition/*physiology *Body Mass Index CD4 Lymphocyte Count Educational Status Female HIV Infections/drug therapy/*physiopathology Humans Longitudinal Studies Middle Aged Smoking Viral Load *Waist-Hip Ratio
Justman JE, Hoover DR, Shi Q, Tan T, Anastos K, Tien PC, Cole SR, Hyman C, Karim R, Weber K, Grinspoon S (2008). Longitudinal anthropometric patterns among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 47(3), 312-9. PMC4406344
Journal Article
Impact of menopause on condom use by HIV-seropositive and comparison seronegative women
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2008
1-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18398976
10.1097/qai.0b013e31815e7466
18398976
Cohort Studies Condoms/*statistics & numerical data Female HIV Infections/blood/prevention & control/virology *HIV Seronegativity *HIV Seropositivity Humans Logistic Models Male *Menopause Multivariate Analysis Prospective Studies Self Disclosure Surveys and Questionnaires
Massad LS, Evans CT, Wilson TE, Golub ET, Goparaju L, Howard A, Greenblatt RM, Weber K, Schilder K (2008). Impact of menopause on condom use by HIV-seropositive and comparison seronegative women. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 47(3), 401-2.
Journal Article
Antiretroviral therapy is associated with an atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype among HIV-1-infected men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2008
7/1/2008
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18545156
BACKGROUND: Alterations in serum lipids and an increased risk of myocardial infarction have been associated with HIV-1 infection and its treatment. METHODS: Lipoprotein subclasses were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in frozen plasma samples from participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. The effects of HIV-1 infection, antiretroviral therapy, and other factors on median particle concentrations were examined using quantile regression. RESULTS: Fasted samples were tested from 1082 men, including 609 HIV-seronegative and 473 HIV-1-infected men. Compared with HIV-seronegative men, HIV-1-infected men on antiretroviral therapy had an atherogenic phenotype with higher numbers of very low density lipoprotein and small low-density lipoprotein particles and lower numbers of high-density lipoprotein and large low-density lipoprotein particles. HIV-infected, antiretroviral-naive men had significantly lower high-density lipoprotein and small low-density lipoprotein part
10.1097/QAI.0b013e31817bbbf0
18545156
adverse effects AIDS antiretroviral therapy Antiretroviral Therapy,Highly Active blood clinical cohort Cohort Studies cohort study drug therapy effects Hiv HIV Infections HIV Protease Inhibitors Hiv-1 HIV-1 infection Humans infection Lipids Lipoproteins Lipoproteins,LDL Lipoproteins,VLDL Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Male methods Middle Aged multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Myocardial Infarction pharmacology Phenotype Pittsburgh research Risk Ritonavir sera study support therapies therapy treatment
Riddler SA, Li X, Otvos J, Post W, Palella F, Kingsley L, Visscher B, Jacobson LP, Sharrett AR; Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (2008). Antiretroviral therapy is associated with an atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype among HIV-1-infected men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 48(3), 281-288.
Journal Article
Effect of HAART on incident cancer and noncancer AIDS events among male HIV seroconverters
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2008
8/1/2008
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18614916
OBJECTIVE: To explore the impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on the prevention of AIDS-defining cancers relative to other AIDS-defining events. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study using 2,121 HIV+ male seroconverters (median age: 28 years, 51% white/non-Hispanic) in the Tri-Service AIDS Clinical Consortium (n = 1694) and the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (n = 427). METHODS: Poisson regression models, with calendar periods to represent antiretroviral therapy, were extended to analyze first incident AIDS-defining cancers and other first AIDS-defining events as competing risks. RESULTS: Eighty-one AIDS-defining cancers (64 Kaposi sarcomas; 17 non-Hodgkin lymphomas) and 343 other AIDS events occurred during 14,483 person-years in 1990-2006. The rate ratio of AIDS-defining cancers during the HAART calendar period was 0.26 (95% confidence limits: 0.15, 0.46) and of other AIDS-defining events was 0.28 (95% confidence limits: 0.21, 0.36) compared with the monotherapy/combinati
10.1097/QAI.0b013e31817dc42b
18614916
PMC2805176
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Adult age agent AIDS AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections Anti-HIV Agents antiretroviral therapy Antiretroviral Therapy,Highly Active Baltimore cancer clinical cohort Cohort Studies cohort study complications drug therapy duration epidemiology HAART health Hiv Hiv-1 Human Humans immunodeficiency Incidence infection lymphoma Lymphoma,Non-Hodgkin Male methods model multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Multicenter Studies prevention Prospective Studies Public Health research Risk Sarcoma,Kaposi study support therapeutic use therapies therapy United States
Shiels MS, Cole SR, Wegner S, Armenian H, Chmiel JS, Ganesan A, Marconi VC, Martinez-Maza O, Martinson J, Weintrob A, Jacobson LP, Crum-Cianflone NF (2008). Effect of HAART on incident cancer and noncancer AIDS events among male HIV seroconverters. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 48(4), 485-490. PMC2805176
Journal Article
Prevalence and predictors of metabolic syndrome among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2008
1-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18545157
OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetSynd) among participants of the Women's Interagency HIV Study and to describe the association of MetSynd with HIV infection, antiretroviral therapies, and sociodemographic factors. METHODS: Prevalence of MetSynd, defined by updated Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines, was assessed among 2393 (1725 seropositive and 668 seronegative) participants from the Women's Interagency HIV Study seen between October 2000 and October 2004. RESULTS: HIV-1 infection was independently associated with MetSynd [33% vs 22%, P<0.0001 in HIV-seropositive compared with HIV-seronegative women; adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.79 (95% confidence interval 1.48, 2.16)]. HIV-infected women had higher mean triglyceride (154 vs 101 mg/dL, P<0.0001) and lower mean high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (46 vs 55 mg/dL, P<0.0001). Most notable factors associated with higher prevalence of MetSynd among HIV-infected women included older age (OR=1.38 per 5 y
10.1097/QAI.0b013e31817af461
18545157
Adult Anti-Retroviral Agents Ethnic Groups Female HIV Infections/*complications HIV Seronegativity Humans Metabolic Syndrome/complications/*epidemiology Prevalence Risk Factors
Sobieszczyk ME, Hoover DR, Anastos K, Mulligan K, Tan T, Shi Q, Gao W, Hyman C, Cohen MH, Cole SR, Plankey MW, Levine AM, Justman J; Women's Interagency HIV Study (2008). Prevalence and predictors of metabolic syndrome among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 48(3), 272-80.
Journal Article
Highly active antiretroviral therapy reduces urinary albumin excretion in women with HIV infection
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2008
1-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18580338
10.1097/QAI.0b013e31817beba1
18580338
Albuminuria/*epidemiology *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*urine Humans
Szczech LA, Golub ET, Springer G, Augenbraun M, Young M, Gandhi M, Gillepsie BS, Anastos K. (2008). Highly active antiretroviral therapy reduces urinary albumin excretion in women with HIV infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 48(3), 360-1.
Journal Article
Antiretroviral therapy exposure and insulin resistance in the Women's Interagency HIV study
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2008
1-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19186350
BACKGROUND: Evidence suggesting an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in HIV-infected individuals has heightened the need to understand the relation of HIV infection, antiretroviral therapy use, and non-HIV-related factors with insulin resistance (IR). METHODS: Prospective study of 1614 HIV-infected and 604 HIV-uninfected participants from the Women's Interagency HIV Study between October 2000 and March 2007. Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)-estimated IR at 11,019 semiannual visits. RESULTS: HIV-infected women reporting highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) had higher median HOMA than HIV-uninfected women {1.20 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11 to 1.30] times higher for those reporting protease inhibitor-containing HAART; 1.10 (95% CI: 1.01 to 1.20) times higher for those reporting non-protease inhibitor-containing HAART}. Among HIV-infected, cumulative exposure to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) of > 3 years was associated with HOMA 1.13 (95% CI:
10.1097/qai.0b013e318189a780
19186350
PMC2889144
Adult Anti-Retroviral Agents/*adverse effects/*therapeutic use Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Cohort Studies Drug Administration Schedule Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy Humans *Insulin Resistance Middle Aged
Tien PC, Schneider MF, Cole SR, Levine AM, Cohen M, DeHovitz J, Young M, Justman JE (2008). Antiretroviral therapy exposure and insulin resistance in the Women's Interagency HIV study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 49(4), 369-76. PMC2889144
Journal Article
Reduced dNTP binding affinity of 3TC-resistant M184I HIV-1 reverse transcriptase variants responsible for viral infection failure in macrophage
J Biol Chem
2008
4-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18218633
We characterized HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) variants either with or without the (-)-2',3'-deoxy-3'-thiacytidine-resistant M184I mutation isolated from a single HIV-1 infected patient. First, unlike variants with wild-type M184, M184I RT variants displayed significantly reduced DNA polymerase activity at low dNTP concentrations, which is indicative of reduced dNTP binding affinity. Second, the M184I variant displayed a approximately 10- to 13-fold reduction in dNTP binding affinity, compared with the Met-184 variant. However, the k(pol) values of these two RTs were similar. Third, unlike HIV-1 vectors with wild-type RT, the HIV-1 vector harboring M184I RT failed to transduce cell types containing low dNTP concentrations, such as human macrophage, likely due to the reduced DNA polymerization activity of the M184I RT under low cellular dNTP concentration conditions. Finally, we compared the binary complex structures of wild-type and M184I RTs. The Ile mutation at position 184 with a
10.1074/jbc.M710149200
18218633
PMC2431026
Amino Acid Substitution Cell Line DNA, Viral/biosynthesis/genetics Deoxyribonucleotides/*metabolism *Drug Resistance, Viral/genetics HIV Infections/*enzymology/genetics HIV Reverse Transcriptase/genetics/*metabolism HIV-1/*enzymology/genetics Humans Lamivudine/pharmacology Macrophages/*metabolism/virology *Mutation, Missense Protein Structure, Quaternary/genetics Protein Structure, Secondary/genetics Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/pharmacology
Jamburuthugoda VK, Santos-Velazquez JM, Skasko M, Operario DJ, Purohit V, Chugh P, Szymanski EA, Wedekind JE, Bambara RA, Kim B (2008). Reduced dNTP binding affinity of 3TC-resistant M184I HIV-1 reverse transcriptase variants responsible for viral infection failure in macrophage. J Biol Chem, 283(14), 9206-16. PMC2431026
Journal Article
Anal Cancer Screening: Barriers and facilitators among ethnically diverse gay, bisexual, transgender, and other men who have sex with men
J Gay Lesbian Soc Serv
2008
10/1/2008
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21165164
Knowledge and beliefs about anal cancer screening among gay and other men who have sex with men remains unclear, despite data that suggests significant risk for intra-anal HPV-related cancers. Nevertheless, community-based screening activities may be most effective when stake-holder perspectives are addressed. We conducted four focus groups among 16 male and 3 female health care advocates experienced in working with diverse gay and other men who have sex with men in Los Angeles. Barriers to anal cancer screening included lack of awareness, stigma, psychological and physical discomfort, the anus as hidden/private, primary concern with HIV, and men's lack of healthcare seeking. Facilitators were community screening sites, novel strategies such as home testing, health care system changes and targeted educational campaigns, which may increase anal cancer awareness and screening among ethnically diverse men who have sex with men
10.1080/10538720802310733
21165164
PMC3002049
Anal cancer screening Anus beliefs bisexual cancer change Female health Hiv Los Angeles Male psychological research Risk screening sex testing
Newman PA, Roberts KJ, Masongsong E, Wiley DJ (2008). Anal Cancer Screening: Barriers and facilitators among ethnically diverse gay, bisexual, transgender, and other men who have sex with men. J Gay Lesbian Soc Serv, 20(4), 328-353. PMC3002049
Journal Article
Anal cancer screening behaviors and intentions in men who have sex with men
J Gen Intern Med
2008
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18618198
BACKGROUND: The incidence of anal cancer has increased in the past decade, especially among men who have sex with men (MSM) and HIV-infected individuals. There is controversy about whether to routinely screen for anal cancer in MSM. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether current anal cancer screening behaviors, intention, and concern differ by HIV serostatus and to identify characteristics of men who intend to seek anal cancer screening. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: Cross-sectional analysis of data collected from 901 HIV-infected and 1,016 HIV-uninfected MSM from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) in 2005-2006. MEASUREMENTS: Self-reported anal cancer screening history, attitudes, and intentions. RESULTS: A history of anal warts was relatively common in these men (39%), whereas having a recent anal Pap test (5%), intention to seek anal cancer screening in the next 6 months (12%), and concern about anal cancer (8.5%) were less common. Intention to seek anal cancer screening was associated wi
10.1007/s11606-008-0698-6
18618198
PMC2518019
Adult Anus Neoplasms/complications/*diagnosis/psychology Condylomata Acuminata/complications/*diagnosis/psychology Cross-Sectional Studies HIV Infections/complications Homosexuality, Male/*psychology Humans Intention Male Middle Aged Patient Acceptance of Health Care/*psychology Retrospective Studies
D'Souza G, Cook RL, Ostrow D, Johnson-Hill LM, Wiley D, Silvestre T (2008). Anal cancer screening behaviors and intentions in men who have sex with men. J Gen Intern Med, 23(9), 1452-7. PMC2518019
Journal Article
Telomerase-based pharmacologic enhancement of antiviral function of human CD8+ T lymphocytes
J Immunol
2008
15-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18981163
Telomerase reverse transcribes telomere DNA onto the ends of linear chromosomes and retards cellular aging. In contrast to most normal somatic cells, which show little or no telomerase activity, immune cells up-regulate telomerase in concert with activation. Nevertheless, during aging and chronic HIV-1 infection, there are high proportions of dysfunctional CD8(+) CTL with short telomeres, suggesting that telomerase is limiting. The present study shows that exposure of CD8(+) T lymphocytes from HIV-infected human donors to a small molecule telomerase activator (TAT2) modestly retards telomere shortening, increases proliferative potential, and, importantly, enhances cytokine/chemokine production and antiviral activity. The enhanced antiviral effects were abrogated in the presence of a potent and specific telomerase inhibitor, suggesting that TAT2 acts primarily through telomerase activation. Our study is the first to use a pharmacological telomerase-based approach to enhance immune funct
10.4049/jimmunol.181.10.7400
18981163
PMC2682219
CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*drug effects/immunology Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay HIV Infections/*metabolism Humans Interferon-gamma/drug effects/metabolism Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/drug effects/metabolism Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/drug effects/metabolism Oligonucleotides Oligopeptides/pharmacology Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Sapogenins/*pharmacology Telomerase/*drug effects/metabolism
Fauce SR, Jamieson BD, Chin AC, Mitsuyasu RT, Parish ST, Ng HL, Kitchen CM, Yang OO, Harley CB, Effros RB (2008). Telomerase-based pharmacologic enhancement of antiviral function of human CD8+ T lymphocytes. J Immunol, 181(10), 7400-6. PMC2682219
Journal Article
Homeostasis of the naive CD4+ T cell compartment during aging
J Immunol
2008
1-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18209045
Despite thymic involution, the number of naive CD4(+) T cells diminishes slowly during aging, suggesting considerable peripheral homeostatic expansion of these cells. To investigate the mechanisms behind, and consequences of, naive CD4+ T cell homeostasis, we evaluated the age-dependent dynamics of the naive CD4+ T cell subsets CD45RA+CD31+ and CD45RA+CD31-. Using both a cross-sectional and longitudinal study design, we measured the relative proportion of both subsets in individuals ranging from 22 to 73 years of age and quantified TCR excision circle content within those subsets as an indicator of proliferative history. Our findings demonstrate that waning thymic output results in a decrease in CD45RA+CD31+ naive CD4+ T cells over time, although we noted considerable individual variability in the kinetics of this change. In contrast, there was no significant decline in the CD45RA+CD31- naive CD4+ T cell subset due to extensive peripheral proliferation. Our longitudinal data are the fi
10.4049/jimmunol.180.3.1499
18209045
PMC2940825
Adult Aged Aging/*immunology CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology Female Homeostasis Humans Leukocyte Common Antigens/analysis Male Middle Aged Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/analysis Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism T-Lymphocyte Subsets/*immunology Telomere/metabolism Thymus Gland/immunology
Kilpatrick RD, Rickabaugh T, Hultin LE, Hultin P, Hausner MA, Detels R, Phair J, Jamieson BD (2008). Homeostasis of the naive CD4+ T cell compartment during aging. J Immunol, 180(3), 1499-507. PMC2940825
Journal Article
Response to comment on 'Homeostasis of the naive CD4+ T cell compartment during aging' [letter]
J Immunol
2008
5/15/2008
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18453557
10.4049/jimmunol.180.10.6437
18453557
Aging Antigens Antigens,CD31 CD4+ CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes Homeostasis Humans immunology letter metabolism response t cell T-Lymphocyte Subsets
Thiel A, Kohler S (2008). Response to comment on 'Homeostasis of the naive CD4+ T cell compartment during aging' [letter]. J Immunol, 180(10), 6437.
Journal Article
Interaction between RANTES promoter variant and CCR5Delta32 favors recovery from hepatitis B
J Immunol
2008
12/1/2008
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19017985
Recovery from acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection occurs in 95% of adult-acquired infections. A 32-bp deletion in CCR5 (CCR5Delta32), which encodes for a nonfunctional receptor, increases the likelihood of recovery. Using 181 subjects with persistent HBV infection and 316 who had recovered, we tested the hypothesis that an epistatic interaction between functional polymorphisms in RANTES (a CCR5 ligand) and CCR5 impacts recovery. Specific models designed to assess individual contributions of compound genotypes demonstrated that the only combination associated with recovery from an HBV infection was RANTES -403A with CCR5Delta32 (odds ratio 0.36, p = 0.02). Because the phenotypic consequence of -403A is reported to be higher levels of RANTES, we propose a model in which excess RANTES in combination with low CCR5 favors recovery from an HBV infection, which will require validation through functional testing
10.4049/jimmunol.181.11.7944
19017985
PMC2650505
Acute Disease Adolescent Adult Baltimore Base Sequence Chemokine CCL5 Child Child,Preschool Cohort Studies Epistasis,Genetic Female genetics Genotype hepatitis Hepatitis B Hepatitis B Virus Human Humans immunology infection infections Male model Models,Genetic multicenter Multicenter Studies Odds Ratio Promoter Regions,Genetic Rantes Receptors,CCR5 research Sequence Deletion study support testing United States virus
Thio CL, Astemborski J, Thomas R, Mosbruger T, Witt MD, Goedert JJ, Hoots K, Winkler C, Thomas DL, Carrington M (2008). Interaction between RANTES promoter variant and CCR5Delta32 favors recovery from hepatitis B. J Immunol, 181(11), 7944-7947. PMC2650505
Journal Article
HIV-1 tropism, disease progression, and clinical management
J Infect Dis
2008
15-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18783314
10.1086/591624
18783314
Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use CD4 Lymphocyte Count Disease Progression HIV Antibodies/blood HIV Infections/*drug therapy/immunology/*physiopathology/virology HIV-1/immunology/*metabolism/*pathogenicity Humans Male Receptors, CCR5/metabolism Receptors, CXCR4/*metabolism
Burger H, Hoover D (2008). HIV-1 tropism, disease progression, and clinical management. J Infect Dis, 198(8), 1095-7.
Journal Article
HIV-1 variation before seroconversion in men who have sex with men: analysis of acute/early HIV infection in the multicenter AIDS cohort study
J Infect Dis
2008
1-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18419538
Understanding the characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) necessary for infection in a new host is a critical goal for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) research. We studied the characteristics of HIV-1 envelope genes in 38 men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study cohort before seroconversion. We found a range of diversity (0.2%-5.6% [median, 0.86%]), V1-V2 loop length (58-93 aa), and potential N-linked glycosylation sites (n = 2-9). However, at least 46% of the men had replicating virus that appeared to have been derived from a single viral variant. Nearly all variants were predicted to be CCR5 tropic. We found no correlation between these viral characteristics and the HIV outcomes of time to clinical AIDS or death and/or a CD4 cell count <200 cells/microL.
10.1086/529206
18419538
PMC3419593
Adolescent Adult CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cluster Analysis Cohort Studies Genotype Glycosylation HIV Infections/*virology HIV-1/*classification/*isolation & purification/pathogenicity Homosexuality Humans Male Middle Aged Phylogeny Polymorphism, Genetic RNA, Viral/genetics Receptors, CCR5/metabolism Sequence Analysis, DNA Sequence Homology Time Factors env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/*genetics
Gottlieb GS, Heath L, Nickle DC, Wong KG, Leach SE, Jacobs B, Gezahegne S, van 't Wout AB, Jacobson LP, Margolick JB, Mullins JI (2008). HIV-1 variation before seroconversion in men who have sex with men: analysis of acute/early HIV infection in the multicenter AIDS cohort study. J Infect Dis, 197(7), 1011-5. PMC3419593
Journal Article
CD8(+) T cell activation in women coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and hepatitis C virus
J Infect Dis
2008
15-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18444798
Immune activation is a hallmark of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and impacts innate and adaptive immunity. Individuals coinfected with HIV-1 and hepatitis C virus (HCV) may have increased immune activation early in HIV disease because of a high HCV antigen load in tissues such as the liver. We evaluated T cell markers of activation and maturation in women with or without HIV-1 infection, by HCV antibody and HCV RNA status. We found increased percentages of activated CD8(+) T cells (i.e., CD8(+)HLA-DR(+)38(+) cells and CD8(+)CD28(+)HLA-DR(+) cells) but not of CD4(+) T cells among women who tested positive for HIV-1, HCV antibody, and HCV RNA, compared with HIV-1-positive women who tested negative for HCV antibody. Because CD8(+) T cell activation is related to HIV-1 disease progression, these data may have implications for the medical management of patients coinfected with HIV-1 and HCV.
10.1086/587696
18444798
PMC2443164
ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1/analysis Adult CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology Female Flow Cytometry HIV Infections/*complications/*immunology/virology HIV-1/isolation & purification HLA-DR Antigens/analysis Hepacivirus/isolation & purification Hepatitis C Antibodies/blood Hepatitis C, Chronic/*complications/*immunology/virology Humans Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology Membrane Glycoproteins/analysis RNA, Viral/blood
Kovacs A, Al-Harthi L, Christensen S, Mack W, Cohen M, Landay A (2008). CD8(+) T cell activation in women coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and hepatitis C virus. J Infect Dis, 197(10), 1402-7. PMC2443164
Journal Article
Chronic kidney disease incidence, and progression to end-stage renal disease, in HIV-infected individuals: a tale of two races
J Infect Dis
2008
1-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18422458
BACKGROUND: Little is known about the racial differences in the incidence and progression of HIV-related chronic kidney disease (CKD) that underlie African American-white disparities in HIV-related end-stage renal disease (ESRD). METHODS: In a cohort in Baltimore, Maryland, we measured CKD incidence, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) slope, and progression to ESRD in 3332 African American and 927 white HIV-infected subjects. RESULTS: A total of 284 subjects developed CKD, 100 (35%) of whom subsequently developed ESRD. African American subjects were at slightly increased risk for incident CKD, compared with white subjects (hazard ratio [HR], 1.9 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.2-2.8]). However, once CKD had commenced, the African American subjects developed ESRD markedly faster than did the white subjects (HR, 17.7 [95% CI, 2.5-127.0]), and, correspondingly, their GFR decline after diagnosis of CKD was 6-fold more rapid (P < .001). In the subset of African American subjects for whom kid
10.1086/587994
18422458
PMC2553209
AIDS-Associated Nephropathy/*ethnology Adult African Americans Baltimore/epidemiology European Continental Ancestry Group Female Glomerular Filtration Rate Humans Incidence Kidney Failure, Chronic/*epidemiology/*ethnology Male Middle Aged Time Factors
Lucas GM, Lau B, Atta MG, Fine DM, Keruly J, Moore RD. (2008). Chronic kidney disease incidence, and progression to end-stage renal disease, in HIV-infected individuals: a tale of two races. J Infect Dis, 197(11), 1548-57. PMC2553209
Journal Article
NIHMS67612
Emergence and persistence of CXCR4-tropic HIV-1 in a population of men from the multicenter AIDS cohort study
J Infect Dis
2008
15-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18783316
We examined the emergence of CXCR4 (i.e., X4) tropism in 67 male human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) seroconverters from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) who were selected to reflect the full spectrum of rates of HIV-1 disease progression. A mean of 10 serial samples per donor were evaluated by a laboratory-validated, commercially available assay to determine phenotypic coreceptor use. A total of 52% of men had dual- or mixed-tropic HIV-1 detected at 1 or more of the time points tested. Use of X4 by HIV-1 was detected more frequently among men who developed AIDS (defined as a CD4(+) T cell count of <200 cells/muL and/or an AIDS-defining illness) < or =11 years after seroconversion than among those who did not (P = .005), as well as among men who exhibited a total T cell count decline (i.e., a CD3(+) inflection point), compared with those who did not (P = .03). For men in whom both X4 virus and an inflection point were detected, emergence of X4 virus preceded the inflect
10.1086/591623
18783316
PMC2753263
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*epidemiology/immunology/physiopathology/virology Adult CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Disease Progression HIV Antibodies/*blood HIV Infections/*epidemiology/immunology/physiopathology/virology *HIV-1/immunology/metabolism/pathogenicity Humans Male Prevalence Receptors, CXCR4/metabolism
Shepherd JC, Jacobson LP, Qiao W, Jamieson BD, Phair JP, Piazza P, Quinn TC, Margolick JB (2008). Emergence and persistence of CXCR4-tropic HIV-1 in a population of men from the multicenter AIDS cohort study. J Infect Dis, 198(8), 1104-12. PMC2753263
Journal Article
Comparison of the diversity of the vaginal microbiota in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women with or without bacterial vaginosis
J Infect Dis
2008
15-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18717638
BACKGROUND: Whether human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with a change in the diversity of genital microbiota in women was investigated. METHODS: Amplicon length heterogeneity polymerase chain reaction (LH-PCR) analysis and pyrosequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene were used to analyze the diversity of the microbiota in HIV-positive (HIV(+)) and HIV-negative (HIV(-)) women with or without bacterial vaginosis (BV). RESULTS: LH-PCR analysis revealed significantly more microbiota diversity in BV-positive (BV(+)) women than in BV-negative (BV(-)) women, but no significant difference was noted between HIV(+) women and HIV(-) women. Pyrosequencing revealed that Lactobacillus organisms constituted a median of 96% of the bacteria in BV(-) women. BV(+) women had a significantly higher number of taxa found at > or =1% of the total genital microbiota (median, 11 taxa). Common taxa in BV(+) women were Prevotella, Megasphaera, Gardnerella, Coriobacterineae, Lachnospira, and
10.1086/591942
18717638
PMC2800037
Bacteria/*classification/genetics/*isolation & purification DNA, Bacterial/analysis/isolation & purification Female *HIV Infections/complications/virology Humans Lactobacillus/classification/genetics/isolation & purification Phylogeny Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics Sequence Analysis, DNA/*methods Vagina/*microbiology/virology *Vaginosis, Bacterial/complications/microbiology
Spear GT, Sikaroodi M, Zariffard MR, Landay AL, French AL, Gillevet PM (2008). Comparison of the diversity of the vaginal microbiota in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women with or without bacterial vaginosis. J Infect Dis, 198(8), 1131-40. PMC2800037
Journal Article
Associations of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF-binding protein-3 with HIV disease progression in women
J Infect Dis
2008
15-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18177247
BACKGROUND: The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis has been hypothesized to influence the rate of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progression. This premise is based largely on laboratory models showing that IGF-I stimulates thymic growth and increases lymphocyte numbers and that IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-3 has an opposing effect, inhibiting hematopoietic stem cell development. METHODS: We studied 1422 HIV-infected women enrolled in a large cohort that entailed semiannual follow-up (initiated in 1994). Baseline serum samples were tested for IGF-I and IGFBP-3 to determine their associations with incident clinical acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and CD4+ T cell count decline prior to April 1996 (before the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy [HAART]). RESULTS: Low IGF-I levels (Ptrend= .02) and high IGFBP-3 levels (Ptrend= .02) were associated with rapid CD4+ T cell count decline. Only IGFBP-3, however, was significantly associated with AIDS incidence (ha
10.1086/524848
18177247
PMC3127259
Adult Cohort Studies Disease Progression Female HIV Infections/blood/epidemiology/*physiopathology/virology HIV-1/*pathogenicity Humans Incidence Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3/*blood Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/*metabolism Logistic Models Middle Aged Proportional Hazards Models Women's Health
Strickler HD, Fazzari M, Kovacs A, Isasi C, Napolitano LA, Minkoff H, Gange S, Young M, Sharp GB, Kaplan RC, Cohen M, Gunter MJ, Harris TG, Yu H, Schoenbaum E, Landay AL, Anastos K (2008). Associations of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF-binding protein-3 with HIV disease progression in women. J Infect Dis, 197(2), 319-27. PMC3127259
Journal Article
Maturation of dendritic cells for enhanced activation of anti-HIV-1 CD8(+) T cell immunity
J Leukoc Biol
2008
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18364435
Maturation of dendritic cells (DC) to enhance their capacity to activate T cell immunity to HIV-1 is a key step in immunotherapy of HIV-1 infection with DC. We compared maturation of DC derived from HIV-1-uninfected subjects and infected subjects on antiretroviral therapy (ART) or ART naive by CD40 ligand (CD40L) and combinations of TLR3 ligand polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] and inflammatory cytokines IFN-gamma, IFN-alpha, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha. The greatest levels of virus-specific IFN-gamma production by CD8(+) T cells were stimulated by DC treated with CD40L, followed by DC treated with the poly(I:C)-cytokine combination. The highest levels of IL-12p70 were produced by DC treated with CD40L + IFN-gamma, followed by CD40L and the poly(I:C)-cytokine combination. Neutralization of IL-12p70 indicated that it was only partially involved in direct enhancement of antiviral CD8(+) T cell activity. DC stimulation of antiviral CD8(+) T cell reactivity was enhanced by activated
10.1189/jlb.1107795
18364435
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy/immunology CD40 Ligand/pharmacology CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology Dendritic Cells/*physiology HIV-1/*immunology Humans Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis Interleukin-12/biosynthesis/pharmacology *Lymphocyte Activation Toll-Like Receptor 3/physiology
Huang XL, Fan Z, Borowski L, Rinaldo CR (2008). Maturation of dendritic cells for enhanced activation of anti-HIV-1 CD8(+) T cell immunity. J Leukoc Biol, 83(6), 1530-40.
Journal Article
High-grade cervical disease in adolescents with HIV
J Low Genit Tract Dis
2008
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18596461
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the risk of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) in adolescents with HIV. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Review of cervical cytology and biopsy results from women aged 20 years and younger obtained within 3 years of enrollment in a prospective multicenter study. RESULTS: At enrollment, none of 132 adolescent participants (45 HIV seropositive and 87 seronegative) had HSIL or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or 3 (CIN 2,3). Eight (7%) of 123 women with follow-up developed high-grade disease after a median of 2.6 years of observation. The incidence of HSIL/CIN 2,3 was 2.7/100 person-years (4.8/100 person-years in HIV seropositive and 1.6/100 person-years in HIV seronegative women; relative risk = 3.1; 95% CI = 0.76-12.74; p =.13). No cancers were found in adolescents during the study. CONCLUSIONS: The low incidence of HSIL or CIN 2,3 in adolescents suggests that optimal management is careful observation rather than preventive treatment of low-grade a
10.1097/LGT.0b013e318160b9a5
18596461
PMC4507508
Adolescent Adult Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia/*epidemiology Female HIV Seropositivity/*epidemiology Humans Incidence Prevalence Prospective Studies Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/*epidemiology
Massad LS, Evans CT, D'Souza G, Darragh T, Minkoff H, Henry D, Goparaju L, Muderspach LI, Watts DH (2008). High-grade cervical disease in adolescents with HIV. J Low Genit Tract Dis, 12(3), 199-203. PMC4507508
Journal Article
Vaginal IL-8 levels are positively associated with Candida albicans and inversely with lactobacilli in HIV-infected women
J Reprod Immunol
2008
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18243333
IL-8/CXCL8 is induced during infections, but has not been reported for Candida albicans colonization of the female genital tract. Cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples were collected from 406 HIV-infected women. IL-8 levels were evaluated by ELISA and compared with levels of C. albicans detected by potassium hydroxide (KOH) and PCR. Levels of lactobacilli, Gardnerella vaginalis and Mycoplasma hominis were also determined by PCR. IL-8 was significantly higher in samples from women with Candida, and regression analysis showed a positive association between IL-8 and Candida. In contrast, there was an inverse relationship between lactobacilli and IL-8. G. vaginalis and M. hominis were not significantly associated with IL-8. This study has shown an association between C. albicans and levels of IL-8 in mucosal genital fluid.
10.1016/j.jri.2007.11.001
18243333
PMC2413097
*Candida albicans/immunology Candidiasis/etiology/*immunology Female Gardnerella vaginalis/immunology HIV Infections/complications/*immunology Humans Interleukin-8/*immunology *Lactobacillus/immunology Mycoplasma hominis/immunology Vagina/*immunology
Spear GT, Zariffard MR, Cohen MH, Sha BE (2008). Vaginal IL-8 levels are positively associated with Candida albicans and inversely with lactobacilli in HIV-infected women. J Reprod Immunol, 78(1), 76-9. PMC2413097
Journal Article
Defective response to Toll-like receptor 3 and 4 ligands by activated monocytes in chronic hepatitis C virus infection
J Viral Hepat
2008
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18184197
Toll-like receptors (TLR) have a critical role in innate immunity against pathogens. We investigated the cytokine response to TLR stimulation in peripheral blood cells of subjects infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and/or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the Women Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) cohort. Interleukin (IL)-6 in response to TLR3 and TLR4 ligands such as polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid and lipopolysaccharide was significantly compromised in HCV-infected women. High spontaneous secretion of IL-6 suggested pre-existing cell activation as a factor mediating reduced responses to TLR3 and TLR4 stimulation. To a lesser extent, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and IL-1beta responses to TLR stimulation were also compromised. Monocytes, but not B cells or NK cells, were identified as the cell population spontaneously secreting cytokines and also as the cells responding to TLR stimulation. These results highlight a functional defect in antigen-presenting cells of women with HCV infe
10.1111/j.1365-2893.2007.00904.x
18184197
PMC3118839
Antigen-Presenting Cells Cross-Sectional Studies Cytokines/biosynthesis Female HIV-1/immunology Hepacivirus/*immunology/physiology Hepatitis C, Chronic/complications/immunology/*pathology/virology Humans Interleukin-6/immunology Ligands Monocytes/drug effects/*metabolism/virology Toll-Like Receptor 3/*metabolism Toll-Like Receptor 4/*metabolism
Villacres MC, Literat O, DeGiacomo M, Du W, Frederick T, Kovacs A (2008). Defective response to Toll-like receptor 3 and 4 ligands by activated monocytes in chronic hepatitis C virus infection. J Viral Hepat, 15(2), 137-44. PMC3118839
Journal Article
Human herpesvirus 8 infects and replicates in primary cultures of activated B lymphocytes through DC-SIGN
J Virol
2008
May-08
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18337571
Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is the etiological agent of Kaposi's sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma, and some forms of multicentric Castleman's disease. Although latent HHV-8 DNA can be detected in B cells from persons with these cancers, there is little information on the replication of HHV-8 in B cells. Indeed, B cells are relatively resistant to HHV-8 infection in vitro. We have recently shown that DC-SIGN, a C-type lectin first identified on dendritic cells (DC), is an entry receptor for HHV-8 on DC and macrophages. We have also demonstrated previously that B lymphocytes from peripheral blood and tonsils express DC-SIGN and that this expression increases after B-cell activation. Here we show that activated blood and tonsillar B cells can be productively infected with HHV-8, as measured by an increase in viral DNA, the expression of viral lytic and latency proteins, and the production of infectious virus. The infection of B cells with HHV-8 was blocked by the pretreatment of the cel
10.1128/JVI.01587-07
18337571
PMC2346758
activation agent Antibodies antibody B cells B-Lymphocytes blood cancer cells Dendritic Cells Disease Dna health HHV-8 histocompatibility Human human herpesvirus In Vitro infection infectious diseases information Kaposi's sarcoma latency lymphocyte Lymphocytes lymphoma macrophage Macrophages Major Histocompatibility Complex microbiology Pittsburgh proteins Public Health research support Tonsil virus
Rappocciolo G, Hensler HR, Jais M, Reinhart TA, Pegu A, Jenkins FJ, Rinaldo CR (2008). Human herpesvirus 8 infects and replicates in primary cultures of activated B lymphocytes through DC-SIGN. J Virol, 82(10), 4793-4806. PMC2346758
Journal Article
Child Care Arrangements of Children Orphaned by HIV/AIDS
Journal of HIV/AIDS & Social Services
2008
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1300/j187v02n02_02
10.1300/J187v02n02_02
Judith A. Cook, Andrew M. Boxer, Jane Burke, Mardge H. Cohen, Kathleen Weber, Proshat Shekarloo, Heidi Lubin, Lynn Owens Mock (2008). Child Care Arrangements of Children Orphaned by HIV/AIDS. Journal of HIV/AIDS & Social Services, 2(2), 20-May.
Journal Article
Detection of HIV-1 p24 Gag in plasma by a nanoparticle-based bio-barcode-amplification method
Nanomedicine (Lond)
2008
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18510425
BACKGROUND: Detection of HIV-1 in patients is limited by the sensitivity and selectivity of available tests. The nanotechnology-based bio-barcode-amplification method offers an innovative approach to detect specific HIV-1 antigens from diverse HIV-1 subtypes. We evaluated the efficacy of this protein-detection method in detecting HIV-1 in men enrolled in the Chicago component of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). METHODS: The method relies on magnetic microparticles with antibodies that specifically bind the HIV-1 p24 Gag protein and nanoparticles that are encoded with DNA and antibodies that can sandwich the target protein captured by the microparticle-bound antibodies. The aggregate sandwich structures are magnetically separated from solution, and treated to remove the conjugated barcode DNA. The DNA barcodes (hundreds per target) were identified by a nanoparticle-based detection method that does not rely on PCR. RESULTS: Of 112 plasma samples from HIV-1-infected subjects, 111
10.2217/17435889.3.3.293
18510425
PMC2821699
Biological Assay/methods Blood Chemical Analysis/*methods HIV Core Protein p24/*blood HIV Infections/*blood Humans Immunoassay/*methods *Immunomagnetic Separation Nanoparticles/*chemistry/*ultrastructure Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques/methods
Kim EY, Stanton J, Korber BT, Krebs K, Bogdan D, Kunstman K, Wu S, Phair JP, Mirkin CA, Wolinsky SM (2008). Detection of HIV-1 p24 Gag in plasma by a nanoparticle-based bio-barcode-amplification method. Nanomedicine (Lond), 3(3), 293-303. PMC2821699
Journal Article
Impact of early sexual debut on gay men's tobacco use
Nicotine Tob Res
2008
Nov-08
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18988071
Young men's sexual experiences with men are different from their sexual experiences with women because of homophobia. Early sexual debut with another man could lead to tobacco use as a result. The study assessed 691 HIV-negative gay men recruited from southwestern Pennsylvania. Early sexual experiences with men and women were associated with participants' smoking behaviors. It is thought that the early sexual debut with men may place these individuals at risk for homophobia as well as for being socialized in environments that will influence their smoking behavior. To be effective, tobacco control programs need to be culturally competent regarding issues that affect gay men
10.1080/14622200802409982
18988071
Adult Affect behavior Coitus control Disease epidemiology gay men Homosexuality,Male Humans infectious diseases Interpersonal Relations Male microbiology Pennsylvania Pittsburgh psychology Questionnaires research Risk Risk-Taking sexual Sexual Partners Smoking statistics & numerical data study support Tobacco Use Disorder women
Lombardi E, Silvestre AJ, Janosky JE, Fisher G, Rinaldo C (2008). Impact of early sexual debut on gay men's tobacco use. Nicotine Tob Res, 10(11), 1591-1595.
Journal Article
Squamous cervical lesions in women with human immunodeficiency virus: long-term follow-up
Obstet Gynecol
2008
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18515523
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the frequency of and trends in abnormal Pap test results in women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and HIV-uninfected women. METHODS: In a cohort study of HIV-infected and uninfected women, Pap tests were obtained every 6 months. Results of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) or worse were considered abnormal. RESULTS: Over a median of 8.4 years, 23,843 Pap tests were obtained from 1,931 HIV-positive women with 6,828 Pap tests from 533 HIV-negative women (13 women seroconverted during the study). Among women with HIV, Pap test results were ASC-US in 4,462 (19%), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) in 3,199 (13%), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) in 267 (1%), and cancer in 11 (0.05%). The incidence of abnormal Pap test results was 179 in 1,000 person-years for HIV-positive and 75 in 1,000 person-years for HIV-negative women (incidence rate ratio 2.4, 95% confidence interval 2.0-2.8). The incidence of H
10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181744619
18515523
Adult Cervix Uteri/*pathology Female Follow-Up Studies HIV Infections/*pathology HIV Seropositivity/pathology Humans Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology Vaginal Smears
Massad LS, Seaberg EC, Wright RL, Darragh T, Lee YC, Colie C, Burk R, Strickler HD, Watts DH. (2008). Squamous cervical lesions in women with human immunodeficiency virus: long-term follow-up. Obstet Gynecol, 111(6), 1388-93.
Journal Article
Association between living with children and adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy in the Women's Interagency HIV Study
Pediatrics
2008
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18381507
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this work was to evaluate whether living with children adversely affects adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected women. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study between October 1998 and September 2005. The study outcome was > or = 95% adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy evaluated at 5832 semiannual visits among 1366 HIV-infected women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. The primary exposure defined at the visit immediately before outcome ascertainment was the number of children < or = 18 years of age reported living in the household. RESULTS: The percentage of women who reported > or = 2 children in the household who also reported > or = 95% adherence ranged from 68% to 75% compared with adherence when either 1 child or no children were reported. Each additional child reported living in the household was associated with a 6% decrease in the odds of > or = 95% adherence. CONCLUSION: The impact o
10.1542/peds.2007-1586
18381507
PMC2651400
Adolescent Analysis of Variance Anti-HIV Agents/*administration & dosage Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*methods Child Child, Preschool Cohort Studies Drug Administration Schedule Female Follow-Up Studies HIV Infections/diagnosis/*drug therapy Humans Incidence Male Mother-Child Relations Multivariate Analysis *Parenting Patient Compliance/*statistics & numerical data Prospective Studies Sensitivity and Specificity Severity of Illness Index
Merenstein DJ, Schneider MF, Cox C, Schwartz R, Weber K, Robison E, Gandhi M, Richardson J, Plankey MW (2008). Association between living with children and adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Pediatrics, 121(4), e787-93. PMC2651400
Journal Article
Lack of evidence for changing virulence of HIV-1 in North America
PLoS One
2008
6-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18253479
BACKGROUND: Several long-term cohort studies and in-vitro fitness assays have resulted in inconsistent reports on changes in HIV-1 virulence, including reports of decreasing, stable, and increasing virulence over the course of the AIDS pandemic. We tested the hypothesis of changing HIV-1 virulence by examining trends in prognostic clinical markers of disease progression from 1984 to 2005 among nearly 400 antiretroviral-naive participants in the United States Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), a longitudinal study of HIV infection in men who have sex with men (MSM). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Because clinical AIDS endpoints could not be used (due to antiretroviral therapies and prophylaxis), three prognostic markers of disease progression were used as proxies for HIV-1 virulence: plasma viral RNA load and CD4+ T cell count at "set point" (between approximately 9 and approximately 15 months after seroconversion), and rate of CD4 cell decline within three years after seroconversio
10.1371/journal.pone.0001525
18253479
PMC2211407
Adult Biomarkers/analysis CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Disease Progression HIV Infections/epidemiology HIV Seropositivity HIV-1/*pathogenicity Humans Male Middle Aged North America Prognosis RNA, Viral/blood United States Viral Load/*trends Virulence
Herbeck JT, Gottlieb GS, Li X, Hu Z, Detels R, Phair J, Rinaldo C, Jacobson LP, Margolick JB, Mullins JI (2008). Lack of evidence for changing virulence of HIV-1 in North America. PLoS One, 3(2), e1525. PMC2211407
Journal Article
Liver steatosis: investigation of opposed-phase T1-weighted liver MR signal intensity loss and visceral fat measurement as biomarkers
Radiology
2008
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18796674
PURPOSE: To investigate if opposed-phase T1-weighted and fat-suppressed T2-weighted liver signal intensity (SI) loss and visceral fat measurement at magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and body mass index (BMI) are correlated with grade of liver steatosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related liver disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Committee on Human Research approval and patient consent were obtained for this HIPAA-compliant study. Fifty-two patients (15 men, 37 women) with NAFLD (n = 29) or HCV and HIV-related liver disease (n = 23) underwent prospective contemporaneous MR imaging and liver biopsy. Liver SI loss was measured on opposed-phase T1-weighted and fat-suppressed T2-weighted MR images. Visceral fat area was measured at three levels on water-suppressed T1-weighted MR images (n = 44). Spearman rank correlation coefficients and recursive partitioning were used to examine correlations. RESULT
10.1148/radiol.2491071375
18796674
PMC2657853
Adolescent Adult Aged *Biomarkers Biopsy Body Mass Index Child Fatty Liver/complications/*diagnosis/pathology Female HIV Infections/complications Hepatitis C/complications Humans Intra-Abdominal Fat/*anatomy & histology *Liver/pathology Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods Male Middle Aged Prospective Studies
Bahl M, Qayyum A, Westphalen AC, Noworolski SM, Chu PW, Ferrell L, Tien PC, Bass NM, Merriman RB (2008). Liver steatosis: investigation of opposed-phase T1-weighted liver MR signal intensity loss and visceral fat measurement as biomarkers. Radiology, 249(1), 160-6. PMC2657853
Journal Article
Sensitive analysis of anti-HIV drugs, efavirenz, lopinavir and ritonavir, in human hair by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry
Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom
2008
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18837069
A highly sensitive and selective method using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) was developed and validated for the measurement of three antiretroviral agents, efavirenz, lopinavir and ritonavir, in human hair. Hair samples from adherent HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapies were cut into about 1 mm length segments and drugs were extracted by first shaking the samples with methanol in a 37 degrees C water bath overnight (>14 h), followed by methyl tert-butyl ether/ethyl acetate (1:1) extraction under weak alkaline conditions. The extracted lopinavir and ritonavir were separated by reversed-phase chromatography and detected by tandem mass spectrometry in electrospray positive ionization mode with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), while efavirenz was monitored in negative ionization MRM mode. This method was validated from 0.01 to 4.0 ng/mg hair for ritonavir and 0.05-20 ng/mg hair for lopinavir and efavirenz by using 2 mg of a human hai
10.1002/rcm.3750
18837069
PMC2669487
Anti-HIV Agents/*analysis Benzoxazines/*analysis Case-Control Studies Chromatography, Liquid/*methods Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Hair/*chemistry Humans Lopinavir Pyrimidinones/*analysis Quality Control Reference Standards Reproducibility of Results Ritonavir/*analysis Sensitivity and Specificity Solutions/chemistry Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization/methods Tandem Mass Spectrometry/*methods
Huang Y, Gandhi M, Greenblatt RM, Gee W, Lin ET, Messenkoff N (2008). Sensitive analysis of anti-HIV drugs, efavirenz, lopinavir and ritonavir, in human hair by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom, 22(21), 3401-9. PMC2669487
Journal Article
The generalized F distribution: an umbrella for parametric survival analysis
Stat Med
2008
20-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18407568
In a recent tutorial my colleagues and I advocated the generalized gamma (GG) distribution as a platform for parametric survival analysis. The GG family includes all four of the common types of hazard functions, making it particularly useful for estimating individual hazard functions as well as both relative hazards and relative times. In addition, the GG includes most of the commonly used parametric survival distributions. Survival analysis based on the GG distribution is practical since regression models are available in commonly used statistical packages. It is well known that the GG is contained in an even larger family, the generalized F (GF) distribution, which also includes the log logistic. The GF thus provides additional flexibility for parametric modeling. In this paper we discuss the GF family from this perspective. We provide a characterization of the hazard functions of the GF, showing that, except for the GG, the available hazard functions are limited to decreasing and ar
10.1002/sim.3292
18407568
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy/mortality Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use Humans *Proportional Hazards Models *Survival Analysis
C. Cox (2008). The generalized F distribution: an umbrella for parametric survival analysis. Stat Med, 27(21), 4301-12.
Journal Article
Evaluating competing adverse and beneficial outcomes using a mixture model
Stat Med
2008
20-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18416435
A competing risk framework occurs when individuals have the potential to experience only one of the several mutually exclusive outcomes. Standard survival methods often overestimate the cumulative incidence of events when competing events are censored. Mixture distributions have been previously applied to the competing risk framework to obtain inferences regarding the subdistribution of an event of interest. Often the competing event is treated as a nuisance, but it may be of interest to compare adverse events against the beneficial outcome when dealing with an intervention. In this paper, methods for using a mixture model to estimate an adverse-benefit ratio curve (ratio of the cumulative incidence curves for the two competing events) and the ratio of the subhazards for the two competing events are presented. A parametric approach is described with some remarks for extending the model to include uncertainty in the event type that occurred, left truncation in order to allow for time-de
10.1002/sim.3293
18416435
PMC2551745
Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/standards Drug Therapy/standards Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions HIV/immunology HIV Infections/drug therapy/immunology Humans Models, Biological *Models, Statistical *Risk Assessment *Survival Analysis
Lau B, Cole SR, Moore RD, Gange SJ (2008). Evaluating competing adverse and beneficial outcomes using a mixture model. Stat Med, 27(21), 4313-27. PMC2551745
Journal Article
A Bayesian analysis of doubly censored data using a hierarchical Cox model
Stat Med
2008
Jan-08
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17694594
Two common statistical problems in pooling survival data from several studies are addressed. The first problem is that the data are doubly censored in that the origin is interval censored and the endpoint event may be right censored. Two approaches to incorporate the uncertainty of interval-censored origins are developed, and then compared with more usual analyses using imputation of a single fixed value for each origin. The second problem is that the data are collected from multiple studies and it is likely that heterogeneity exists among the study populations. A random-effects hierarchical Cox proportional hazards model is therefore used.The scientific problem motivating this work is a pooled survival analysis of data sets from three studies to examine the effect of GB virus type C (GBV-C) coinfection on survival of HIV-infected individuals. The time of HIV infection is the origin and for each subject this time is unknown, but is known to lie later than the last time at which the sub
10.1002/sim.3002
17694594
PMC7476730
analysis Cities data sets Hiv HIV infection infection Iowa model population statistical study survival Survival Analysis Time virus
Zhang W, Chaloner K, Cowles MK, Zhang Y, Stapleton JT (2008). A Bayesian analysis of doubly censored data using a hierarchical Cox model. Stat Med, 27(4), 529-542. PMC7476730
Journal Article
Detecting AIDS restriction genes: from candidate genes to genome-wide association discovery
Vaccine
2008
6-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18325640
The screening of common genetic polymorphisms among candidate genes for AIDS pathology in HIV exposed cohort populations has led to the description of 20 AIDS restriction genes (ARGs), variants that affect susceptibility to HIV infection or to AIDS progression. The combination of high-throughput genotyping platforms and the recent HapMap annotation of some 3 million human SNP variants has been developed for and applied to gene discovery in complex and multi-factorial diseases. Here, we explore novel computational approaches to ARG discovery which consider interacting analytical models, various genetic influences, and SNP-haplotype/LD structure in AIDS cohort populations to determine if these ARGs could have been discovered using an unbiased genome-wide association approach. The procedures were evaluated by tracking the performance of haplotypes and SNPs within ARG regions to detect genetic association in the same AIDS cohort populations in which the ARGs were originally discovered. The
10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.12.054
18325640
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*genetics Cohort Studies Computational Biology/*methods Data Interpretation, Statistical *Genetic Predisposition to Disease *Genome, Human *hiv-1 Haplotypes Humans Linkage Disequilibrium Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide Sequence Analysis, DNA
Hutcheson HB, Lautenberger JA, Nelson GW, Pontius JU, Kessing BD, Winkler CA, Smith MW, Johnson R, Stephens R, Phair J, Goedert JJ, Donfield S, O'Brien SJ (2008). Detecting AIDS restriction genes: from candidate genes to genome-wide association discovery. Vaccine, 26(24), 2951-65.
Journal Article
Early and delayed benefits of HIV-1 suppression: timeline of recovery of innate immunity effector cells
AIDS
2007
30-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17255736
OBJECTIVE: The kinetics of recovery for innate immune effectors following antiretroviral therapy are unknown. DESIGN AND METHODS: Multiple sequential cryopreserved samples (viremic and ART-suppressed) from 66 patients enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study or Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study cohorts (median follow-up, 700 days) were analyzed to determine natural killer, dendritic and T-cell changes by flow cytometry. Functional parameters were also measured in a subset of samples. Changes over time were analyzed by mixed-effect modeling based on a linear spline with a single knot at 270 days. RESULTS: Following viral suppression, a rapid rise in CD4 and white blood cell counts and a decline in T-cell activation were confirmed. However, natural killer cell subsets increased after 270 days of therapy, with a negative effect by baseline CD4%. CD123+ plasmacytoid but not myeloid dendritic cells showed a trend to increase during the first 270 days with a positive effect of baseline CD4%
10.1097/QAD.0b013e328012b85f
17255736
Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Dendritic Cells/immunology Female HIV Infections/drug therapy/*immunology *hiv-1 Humans Immunity, Cellular Immunity, Innate Killer Cells, Natural/immunology Lymphocyte Activation/immunology Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed Male T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology Time Factors
Azzoni L, Chehimi J, Zhou L, Foulkes AS, June R, Maino VC, Landay A, Rinaldo C, Jacobson LP, Montaner LJ (2007). Early and delayed benefits of HIV-1 suppression: timeline of recovery of innate immunity effector cells. AIDS, 21(3), 293-305.
Journal Article
The cost effectiveness of antiretroviral treatment strategies in resource-limited settings
AIDS
2007
19-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17545710
BACKGROUND: Optimal resource allocation for antiretroviral treatment (ART) in developing countries requires assessment of different strategies for drug treatment and laboratory monitoring. OBJECTIVES: To compare costs and outcomes for 10 000 simulated HIV-infected patients followed every 6 months for 10 years in a limited-resource setting. METHOD: Five nested strategies, with and without the availability of a second-line treatment regimen, were simulated: (a) no ART (NO ART); (b) with ART but without any laboratory markers of HIV other than positive serology (ART ONLY); (c) ART plus total lymphocyte count (TLC); (d) ART plus CD4 cell counts (CD4); and (e) ART plus CD4 cell count plus viral load measurement (VL). Baseline prices of CD4 cell count and viral load measurements were $5.00 and $25.00 per test, respectively. RESULTS: With no second-line treatment available, treating 10 000 patients with ART ONLY compared with NO ART would cost $14.49 million [95% confidence interval (CI), 14.
10.1097/QAD.0b013e328137709e
17545710
Algorithms Anti-Retroviral Agents/economics/*therapeutic use CD4 Lymphocyte Count Computer Simulation Cost-Benefit Analysis/methods Developing Countries HIV Infections/*drug therapy/economics Health Care Costs Humans Lymphocyte Count Quality-Adjusted Life Years Viral Load
Bishai D, Colchero A, Durack DT (2007). The cost effectiveness of antiretroviral treatment strategies in resource-limited settings. AIDS, 21(10), 1333-40.
Journal Article
Longitudinal increases in waist circumference are associated with HIV-serostatus, independent of antiretroviral therapy
AIDS
2007
20-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17690571
BACKGROUND: The relative contributions of the different classes of antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV infection per se, and aging to body shape changes in HIV-infected patients have not been clearly defined in longitudinal studies. METHODS: Since September 1999, men enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study have undergone measurements of body mass index (BMI) and body circumferences at each semi-annual visit. The effect of HIV-serostatus and cumulative exposure to the three major ART classes on changes in anthropomorphic measurements occurring between 1999 and 2004 among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected men were determined using linear mixed effects regression models. RESULTS: At baseline, average BMI and circumference measurements were greater in HIV-uninfected men (n = 392) than HIV-infected men (n = 661) (BMI, 27.3 versus 25.3 kg/m; waist, 96.4 versus 90.2 cm; hip 101.3 versus 95 cm, thigh 54.1 versus 50.8 cm; arm 33.3 versus 31.7 cm, P < 0.001 for each comparison). Cumulative nuc
10.1097/QAD.0b013e328270356a
17690571
Adult Anthropometry/methods Anti-HIV Agents/adverse effects/therapeutic use Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active *Body Constitution/drug effects Body Mass Index Follow-Up Studies HIV Protease Inhibitors/adverse effects/therapeutic use HIV Seropositivity/drug therapy/*pathology HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome/chemically induced/pathology Humans Male Middle Aged Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/adverse effects/therapeutic use
Brown TT, Chu H, Wang Z, Palella FJ, Kingsley L, Witt MD, Dobs AS (2007). Longitudinal increases in waist circumference are associated with HIV-serostatus, independent of antiretroviral therapy. AIDS, 21(13), 1731-8.
Journal Article
Elevated expression of activation induced cytidine deaminase in peripheral blood mononuclear cells precedes AIDS-NHL diagnosis
AIDS
2007
12-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18090274
Non-Hodgkin's B cell lymphoma (NHL) is a common cancer in HIV infection. Many NHL are thought to result from errors in class switch recombination and/or somatic hypermutation, processes that occur in germinal center B cells, and require the activity of activation induced cytidine deaminase (AID). Since NHL is a common cancer in HIV infection, and expression of AID could contribute to the development of NHL, we hypothesized that AID expression would be elevated in those who went on to develop AIDS-associated NHL (AIDS-NHL). AID mRNA levels were measured by TaqMan RT-PCR in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, obtained prior to AIDS-NHL diagnosis, from 16 HIV-infected subjects who developed AIDS-NHL, and from control subjects (AIDS but no NHL, and HIV-negative subjects). PBMC AID expression was markedly elevated in those who developed AIDS-NHL, when compared to AIDS and HIV-negative controls. Additionally, AID expression was seen to differ depending on NHL subtype, with the highest levels
10.1097/QAD.0b013e3282ef9f59
18090274
Adult B-Lymphocytes/*enzymology California Case-Control Studies Cell Transformation, Viral Cohort Studies Cytidine Deaminase/*genetics Enzyme Induction *Gene Expression Regulation, Viral Humans Lymphocyte Activation Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/*enzymology Lymphoma, B-Cell/*enzymology Male RNA, Viral/blood Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Statistics, Nonparametric
Epeldegui M, Breen EC, Hung YP, Boscardin WJ, Detels R, Martínez-Maza O (2007). Elevated expression of activation induced cytidine deaminase in peripheral blood mononuclear cells precedes AIDS-NHL diagnosis. AIDS, 21(17), 2265-70.
Journal Article
Association of cutaneous anergy with human papillomavirus and cervical neoplasia in HIV-seropositive and seronegative women
AIDS
2007
12-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17721101
OBJECTIVE: Cutaneous anergy testing evaluates delayed type hypersensitivity responses and is, in essence, an in-vivo measure of cell-mediated immune function at an epithelial surface. This study assessed the relationship of anergy test results with cervical infection by human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical neoplasia in HIV-seropositive and seronegative women. METHODS: HIV-seropositive (n = 1029) and HIV-seronegative (n = 272) women enrolled in a long-term cohort study were followed semi-annually with HPV-DNA testing and cytology. Anergy was defined as unresponsiveness to Candida albicans, tetanus toxoid, and mumps antigen. RESULTS: Anergy was associated with the prevalent detection of squamous intraepithelial lesions [SIL; adjusted odds ratio 1.70; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16-2.48] in multivariable logistic regression models, and with the incident detection of oncogenic HPV (adjusted hazard ratio 1.24; 95% CI 0.99-1.56) in multivariable Cox regression models. These models adju
10.1097/QAD.0b013e3282c3a945
17721101
Adult CD4 Lymphocyte Count Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/complications/epidemiology/immunology Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia/complications/epidemiology/immunology Female HIV Seronegativity/immunology HIV Seropositivity/complications/epidemiology/*immunology Humans Hypersensitivity, Delayed/complications/epidemiology/*immunology Immunity, Cellular/immunology Incidence Middle Aged Papillomavirus Infections/complications/epidemiology/*immunology Prevalence Prospective Studies RNA, Viral/analysis Skin/immunology Uterine Cervical Diseases/complications/epidemiology/*immunology Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/complications/epidemiology/*immunology
Harris TG, Burk RD, Xue X, Anastos K, Minkoff H, Massad LS, Young MA, Levine AM, Gange SJ, Watts DH, Palefsky JM, Strickler HD (2007). Association of cutaneous anergy with human papillomavirus and cervical neoplasia in HIV-seropositive and seronegative women. AIDS, 21(14), 1933-41.
Journal Article
Correlates of prevalent hypertension in a large cohort of HIV-infected women: Women's Interagency HIV Study
AIDS
2007
30-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18025894
Correlates of hypertension were assessed in 1266 HIV-positive and 368 HIV-negative women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Hypertension prevalence was similar in HIV-positive and HIV-negative women (26 versus 28%, P = 0.38). Factors associated with hypertension included increasing age (P < 0.0001), African-American race (P < 0.0001), and body mass index greater than 30 kg/m (P < 0.0001), whereas current pregnancy was protective (P < 0.04). HIV infection, CD4 cell count, HIV-1 viral load, and antiretroviral therapy were not associated with hypertension.
10.1097/QAD.0b013e3282f15f7b
18025894
Adult Age Factors Body Mass Index Female HIV Infections/*complications/epidemiology *hiv-1 Humans Hypertension/*complications/epidemiology Middle Aged Prevalence Risk Factors United States/epidemiology
Khalsa A, Karim R, Mack WJ, Minkoff H, Cohen M, Young M, Anastos K, Tien PC, Seaberg E, Levine AM (2007). Correlates of prevalent hypertension in a large cohort of HIV-infected women: Women's Interagency HIV Study. AIDS, 21(18), 2539-41.
Journal Article
Identification of a novel hepatitis B virus precore/core deletion mutant in HIV/hepatitis B virus co-infected individuals
AIDS
2007
20-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17690567
OBJECTIVES: Although HAART has resulted in improved health outcomes for most HIV-infected individuals, liver failure has emerged as a major cause of morbidity and mortality in people co-infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV). In HBV mono-infected individuals, core deletion mutants are associated with more aggressive liver disease. As HIV accelerates HBV liver disease progression, we hypothesized that HIV-HBV co-infected individuals have increased frequency of core mutations including deletions. To test this hypothesis, we have analysed genome-length sequences of HBV DNA from patients both prior to and during antiviral therapy. SETTING: Prospective HIV/HBV co-infected cohort study. METHODS: Genomic length HBV DNA was amplified by PCR from the serum samples of ten HIV/HBV co-infected individuals and five HBV mono-infected individuals prior to the commencement of lamivudine therapy and again after nine to 74 months of treatment. The complete genomes were sequenced and in order to further a
10.1097/QAD.0b013e32826fb305
17690567
Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use DNA, Viral/blood/genetics *Gene Deletion Genome, Viral HIV Infections/*complications/drug therapy Hepatitis B virus/*genetics/isolation & purification Hepatitis B, Chronic/*complications/drug therapy/virology Humans Lamivudine/therapeutic use Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods Prospective Studies Sequence Analysis, DNA/methods Viral Core Proteins/*genetics
Revill PA, Littlejohn M, Ayres A, Yuen L, Colledge D, Bartholomeusz A, Sasaduesz J, Lewin SR, Dore GJ, Matthews GV, Thio CL, Locarnini SA (2007). Identification of a novel hepatitis B virus precore/core deletion mutant in HIV/hepatitis B virus co-infected individuals. AIDS, 21(13), 1701-10.
Journal Article
Memantine and HIV-associated cognitive impairment: a neuropsychological and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study
AIDS
2007
12-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17721095
OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety and efficacy of memantine, an uncompetitive antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor as treatment of HIV-associated cognitive impairment. METHODS: This was a Phase II randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial within the Adult AIDS Clinical Trials Group. One-hundred and forty HIV-infected adults with mild to severe AIDS dementia complex receiving stable antiretroviral therapy were enrolled. Memantine was initiated at 10 mg daily escalated to 40 mg daily, or up to the maximum tolerated dose and continued for 16 weeks (primary evaluation visit) followed by a 4-week washout period and re-evaluation at week 20. Changes in cognitive performance were measured as percent change from baseline to week 16 in the average of eight neuropsychological test scores (NPZ-8). Brain metabolism was measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy in a subgroup of subjects. RESULTS: Sixty-one percent of subjects in the memantine group and 85% in the pl
10.1097/QAD.0b013e32813384e8
17721095
Adult Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use Brain/drug effects/metabolism Cognition Disorders/complications/*drug therapy Double-Blind Method Drug Therapy, Combination Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists/adverse effects/*therapeutic use Female HIV Infections/*complications Humans Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods Male Memantine/adverse effects/*therapeutic use Middle Aged Neuropsychological Tests RNA, Viral/blood/cerebrospinal fluid Treatment Outcome
Schifitto G, Navia BA, Yiannoutsos CT, Marra CM, Chang L, Ernst T, Jarvik JG, Miller EN, Singer EJ, Ellis RJ, Kolson DL, Simpson D, Nath A, Berger J, Shriver SL, Millar LL, Colquhoun D, Lenkinski R, Gonzalez RG, Lipton SA; Adult AIDS Clinical Trial Group (ACTG) 301; 700 Teams; HIV MRS Consortium (2007). Memantine and HIV-associated cognitive impairment: a neuropsychological and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. AIDS, 21(14), 1877-86.
Journal Article
Antiretroviral therapy exposure and incidence of diabetes mellitus in the Women's Interagency HIV Study
AIDS
2007
20-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17690572
OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in a nationally representative cohort of HIV-infected women and a comparison group of HIV-uninfected women. DESIGN: A prospective study between October 2000 and March 2006 of 2088 participants from the Women's Interagency HIV Study who did not have evidence of DM at enrollment (1524 HIV infected and 564 HIV uninfected). METHODS: Incident DM was defined as either having fasting glucose > or = 1.26 g/l, reporting antidiabetic medication, or reporting DM diagnosis (with subsequent confirmation by fasting glucose > or = 1.26 g/l or reported antidiabetic medication); all were assessed at semi-annual study visits. RESULTS: DM developed in 116 HIV-infected and 36 HIV-uninfected women over 6802 person-years. HIV-infected women reporting no recent antiretroviral therapy had a DM incidence rate of 1.53/100 person-years; those reporting HAART containing a protease inhibitor (PI) had a rate of 2.50/100 person-years and those reporting
10.1097/QAD.0b013e32827038d0
17690572
Adult Anthropometry Anti-HIV Agents/*adverse effects Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/adverse effects Blood Glucose/metabolism Body Constitution Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*chemically induced/epidemiology Drug Administration Schedule Epidemiologic Methods Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/epidemiology *hiv-1 Humans Middle Aged United States/epidemiology
Tien PC, Schneider MF, Cole SR, Levine AM, Cohen M, DeHovitz J, Young M, Justman JE (2007). Antiretroviral therapy exposure and incidence of diabetes mellitus in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. AIDS, 21(13), 1739-45.
Journal Article
HIV status, trust in health care providers, and distrust in the health care system among Bronx women
AIDS Care
2007
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17364403
Trust in health care providers and the health care system are essential. This study examined factors associated with trust in providers and distrust in the health care system among minority HIV-positive and -negative women. Interviews were conducted and laboratory tests performed with 102 women from the Women's Interagency HIV Study Bronx site. Interviews collected information about trust in providers, distrust in the system, substance use, mental health symptoms and medications, and sociodemographic characteristics. Many reported distrust of the health care system related to HIV, and most reported trust in their providers. On linear regression analyses, characteristics associated with distrust in the health care system included depressive symptoms (beta=0.48, p<0.05). Characteristics associated with trust in providers included HIV-positive status (beta=0.35, p<0.05), taking mental health medications (beta=0.39, p<0.05), and having a white provider (beta=0.36, p<0.05). Despite distrust
10.1080/09540120600774263
17364403
Adult Female HIV Infections/epidemiology/*psychology/therapy Health Personnel/*psychology Health Status Humans Middle Aged New York/epidemiology *Professional-Patient Relations Trust/*psychology
Cunningham CO, Sohler NL, Korin L, Gao W, Anastos K (2007). HIV status, trust in health care providers, and distrust in the health care system among Bronx women. AIDS Care, 19(2), 226-34.
Journal Article
Acquisition of new sexual partners among women with HIV infection: patterns of disclosure and sexual behavior within new partnerships
AIDS Educ Prev
2007
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17411417
UNLABELLED: This study describes the sexual behavior of HIV-positive women within new versus more established relationships and determines whether beliefs about HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART) impact these behaviors. The Women's Interagency HIV Study is a longitudinal cohort study of HIV among women in the United States. Sexually active HIV-positive women (N = 1,090) completed interviews on beliefs and behaviors at 6-month intervals. Data were analyzed for the period between April 2002 and March 2003. Of 1,517 sexual partners reported, 32% were newly acquired within the previous 6 months. As compared with more established sexual relationships, newer partnerships were characterized by greater condom use consistency (odds ratio = 1.8, 95% confidence interval = 1.4 -2.3). Holding beliefs that ART is protective for HIV transmission impacted the relationship between partner type and condom use. In established relationships, 63% reported consistent condom use if they believed that ART is no
10.1521/aeap.2007.19.2.151
17411417
Adult Cohort Studies Female *HIV Infections Humans Interviews as Topic Longitudinal Studies Middle Aged *Sexual Behavior *Sexual Partners *Truth Disclosure United States Urban Population
Wilson TE, Feldman J, Vega MY, Gandhi M, Richardson J, Cohen MH, McKaig R, Ostrow D, Robison E, Gange SJ (2007). Acquisition of new sexual partners among women with HIV infection: patterns of disclosure and sexual behavior within new partnerships. AIDS Educ Prev, 19(2), 151-9.
Journal Article
Antiretroviral therapies associated with lipoatrophy in HIV-infected women
AIDS Patient Care STDS
2007
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17518522
We previously demonstrated that HIV infection is associated with peripheral and central lipoatrophy in women. We now describe the association of specific antiretroviral drugs (ARV) with body fat changes over a four-year period from 1999 to 2003. 775 HIV-positive and 205 HIV-negative women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study with anthropometric measurements, weight, bioelectric impedance analysis and ARV collected semiannually were included in analysis. Exposure to ARV was defined as report of use for 3 consecutive semiannual study visits. The average 6-month change in weight, percent total body fat, and circumference measurements (i.e., hip, waist, chest, arm, and thigh) was compared between those exposed and those unexposed to the specific ARV for any of the same three consecutive visits. Weight, percent total body fat, and hip, waist, thigh, chest, and arm circumferences decreased in HIV-positive women, but increased in HIV-negative women on average for every six-month interval over
10.1089/apc.2006.128
17518522
PMC3133726
Adiposity Adult Anthropometry Anti-HIV Agents/*adverse effects Case-Control Studies Didanosine/adverse effects Female HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome/*chemically induced Humans Prospective Studies
Tien PC, Barrón Y, Justman JE, Hyman C, Cohen MH, Young M, Kovacs A, Cole SR (2007). Antiretroviral therapies associated with lipoatrophy in HIV-infected women. AIDS Patient Care STDS, 21(5), 297-305. PMC3133726
Journal Article
Structural basis for coreceptor selectivity by the HIV type 1 V3 loop
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2007
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17411375
The third variable region (V3) of the HIV-1 surface glycoprotein, gp120, plays a central role in the interaction of the virus envelope with the cell surface chemokine receptors, triggering membrane fusion and virus entry into human lymphocytes and macrophages. The CXCR4 and CCR5 chemokine receptors are used by "X4-tropic" and "R5-tropic" viruses, respectively. Recently, the crown of the V3 loop was shown to bear a close structural homology to the beta2-beta3 loop in the CXC and CC chemokines, the natural ligands of CXCR4 and CCR5, respectively. This homology can serve as the foundation for 3D molecular modeling of the V3 loops from primary isolates whose coreceptor usage was experimentally defined. The modeling revealed a charged "patch" on the surface of V3 that correlates with coreceptor usage. This V3 surface patch is positively charged in X4-tropic viruses and negatively charged or neutral in R5-tropic viruses, and is formed by two amino acids, at position 11 and at position 24 or
10.1089/aid.2006.0130
17411375
Chemokines, CC/*chemistry Chemokines, CXC/*chemistry HIV Envelope Protein gp120/*chemistry HIV-1/*metabolism/pathogenicity Humans Peptide Fragments/*chemistry Receptors, CCR5/physiology Receptors, CXCR4/physiology *Sequence Alignment *Sequence Analysis, Protein Structure-Activity Relationship
Cardozo T, Kimura T, Philpott S, Weiser B, Burger H, Zolla-Pazner S (2007). Structural basis for coreceptor selectivity by the HIV type 1 V3 loop. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 23(3), 415-26.
Journal Article
Interval and clinical cohort studies: epidemiological issues
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2007
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17604539
Cohort studies based upon clinic populations and medical records are becoming more abundant due in part to an increasing trend toward electronic medical records and advancement in information technology. This design has been utilized in the HIV setting to great success and involves following individuals as they access medical care. These clinical cohort designs have not been compared to the classic interval cohort design in which individuals are followed at specified intervals that are unrelated to the participants' ongoing health care. The interval and clinical cohort designs are distinguished and the advantages and disadvantages inherent in each design are discussed.
10.1089/aid.2006.0171
17604539
*Bias *Cohort Studies *Epidemiologic Research Design HIV Infections/*epidemiology Humans Medical Records Systems, Computerized Patient Selection Retrospective Studies
Lau B, Gange SJ, Moore RD (2007). Interval and clinical cohort studies: epidemiological issues. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 23(6), 769-76.
Journal Article
Characterization of gp120 Hydrolysis by IgA Antibodies from Humans without HIV Infection
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2007
Dec-07
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18160012
Antibody hydrolysis of the superantigenic gp120 site and HIV-1 neutralization was studied as a potential anti-HIV mechanism in uninfected humans. gp120 hydrolysis by purified serum and salivary antibodies was determined by electrophoresis and peptide sequencing, the proteolytic mechanism was analyzed using electrophilic peptide analogs, and viral neutralization was studied using peripheral blood mononuclear cells as hosts. Polyclonal and monoclonal IgA but not IgG preparations selectively catalyzed the cleavage of HIV gp120 at rates sufficient to predict biologically relevant protection against the virus. The IgA hydrolytic reaction proceeded by noncovalent recognition of gp120 residues 421-433, a component of the superantigenic site of gp120, coordinated with peptide bond cleavage via a serine protease-like mechanism. The Lys-432-Ala-433 bond was one of the cleavage sites. Infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells by a primary isolate of HIV was neutralized by the IgA but not Ig
10.1089/aid.2007.0081
18160012
Antibodies antibody blood cells gp120 Hiv HIV infection Hiv-1 Human Humans IgA Igg immunology infection Laboratories pathology research resistance sera virus
Planque S, Mitsuda Y, Taguchi H, Salas M, Morris MK, Nishiyama Y, Kyle R, Okhuysen P, Escobar M, Hunter R, Sheppard HW, Hanson C, Paul S. (2007). Characterization of gp120 Hydrolysis by IgA Antibodies from Humans without HIV Infection. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 23(12), 1541-1554.
Journal Article
Delayed reconstitution of CD4+ iNKT cells after effective HIV type 1 therapy
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2007
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17678476
CD1d-restricted natural killer T (iNKT) cells are increasingly recognized as key immunoregulatory cells linking innate and adaptive immunity. These fall into functionally distinct CD4+ versus CD4- subsets that are believed to steer cellular immunity toward tolerigenic/atopic versus proinflammatory phenotypes, respectively. Preferential depletion of the CD4+ subset has been observed in HIV-1 infection, but the repletion of these cells after antiretroviral therapy has not been examined in detail. T lymphocytes, CD8+ lymphocyte activation, viremia, and iNKT cell subsets in peripheral blood were compared between 18 HIV-1-uninfected (Control) and 18 seropositive (SP) men initially not on suppressive antiretroviral therapy. Compared to the Control group, the SP group demonstrated reduction of CD4+ and lesser reduction of CD4- iNKT cells at baseline. After initiation of suppressive antiretroviral treatment, the SP CD4+ iNKT cell levels remained unchanged after a year and increased by 2 years,
10.1089/aid.2006.0253
17678476
Anti-Retroviral Agents/*immunology CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects/*immunology/virology Case-Control Studies Drug Therapy, Combination HIV Infections/drug therapy/*immunology HIV-1/drug effects/*immunology Humans Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects/*immunology/virology Lymphocyte Subsets/drug effects/immunology Male Retrospective Studies
Yang OO, Wilson SB, Hultin LE, Detels R, Hultin PM, Ibarrondo FJ, Jamieson BD (2007). Delayed reconstitution of CD4+ iNKT cells after effective HIV type 1 therapy. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 23(7), 913-22.
Journal Article
Injection drug use and patterns of highly active antiretroviral therapy use: an analysis of ALIVE, WIHS, and MACS cohorts
AIDS Res Ther
2007
6-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17553140
BACKGROUND: Sustained use of antiretroviral therapy has been consistently shown to be one of the primary predictors of long-term effectiveness. Switching and discontinuation reflect patient and provider decisions that may limit future treatment options. In this study, we utilize data reported at semi-annual study visits from three prospective cohort studies, the AIDS Link to IntraVenous Exposure (ALIVE), the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), and the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), to investigate determinants of HAART modification with a particular focus on reported injection drug use (IDU). METHODS: Longitudinal data collected between 1996 and 2004 contributed from 2,266 participants (37% with a reported history of IDU) who reported initiating their first HAART regimen during follow-up were utilized. Separate proportional-hazards models were used to identify factors measured prior to HAART-initiation associated with the time to first HAART discontinuation and first switch of
10.1186/1742-6405-4-12
17553140
PMC1892565
Morris JD, Golub ET, Mehta SH, Jacobson LP, Gange SJ (2007). Injection drug use and patterns of highly active antiretroviral therapy use: an analysis of ALIVE, WIHS, and MACS cohorts. AIDS Res Ther, 4(), 12. PMC1892565
Journal Article
Confidence intervals for biomarker-based human immunodeficiency virus incidence estimates and differences using prevalent data
Am J Epidemiol
2007
1-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17056640
Prevalent biologic specimens can be used to estimate human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) incidence using a two-stage immunologic testing algorithm that hinges on the average time, T, between testing HIV-positive on highly sensitive enzyme immunoassays and testing HIV-positive on less sensitive enzyme immunoassays. Common approaches to confidence interval (CI) estimation for this incidence measure have included 1) ignoring the random error in T or 2) employing a Bonferroni adjustment of the box method. The authors present alternative Monte Carlo-based CIs for this incidence measure, as well as CIs for the biomarker-based incidence difference; standard approaches to CIs are typically appropriate for the incidence ratio. Using American Red Cross blood donor data as an example, the authors found that ignoring the random error in T provides a 95% CI for incidence as much as 0.26 times the width of the Monte Carlo CI, while the Bonferroni-box method provides a 95% CI as much as 1.57 times the
10.1093/aje/kwj344
17056640
Algorithms Biomarkers Blood Donors Computer Simulation *Confidence Intervals Female HIV Infections/blood/*epidemiology/virology HIV Seropositivity/blood/*epidemiology HIV Seroprevalence HIV-1/*immunology Humans Immunoenzyme Techniques Incidence Male Meta-Analysis as Topic Models, Statistical *Monte Carlo Method San Francisco/epidemiology Trinidad and Tobago/epidemiology United States/epidemiology
Cole SR, Chu H, Brookmeyer R (2007). Confidence intervals for biomarker-based human immunodeficiency virus incidence estimates and differences using prevalent data. Am J Epidemiol, 165(1), 94-100.
Journal Article
Determining the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on changes in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA viral load using a marginal structural left-censored mean model
Am J Epidemiol
2007
15-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17478436
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) dramatically reduces the load of circulating human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) by blocking replication at multiple points in the viral life cycle, but the long-term effect of HAART on viral load remains unclear. In the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and the Women's Interagency HIV Study, 918 HIV-1-infected men and women who were not using antiretroviral therapy were followed for a median of 5.8 years between 1996 and 2005. Follow-up yielded 3,629 person-years of observation, during which 286 (31%) of the participants initiated HAART. A marginal structural left-censored linear model for semiannual repeated assessments of viral load showed a 1.9 log(10) decrease in viral load after HAART initiation as compared with nonuse (95% confidence interval: 1.7, 2.2), which remained stable over the course of follow-up but was stronger among men (interaction p < 0.001). This association was attenuated by 10% when the authors ignored the left-cen
10.1093/aje/kwm047
17478436
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*drug therapy Adult *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic Female HIV-1/*drug effects Humans *Linear Models Longitudinal Studies Male Multicenter Studies as Topic RNA, Viral/*drug effects United States *Viral Load
Cole SR, Hernán MA, Anastos K, Jamieson BD, Robins JM (2007). Determining the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on changes in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA viral load using a marginal structural left-censored mean model. Am J Epidemiol, 166(2), 219-27.
Journal Article
Effect of tuberculosis on the survival of women infected with human immunodeficiency virus
Am J Epidemiol
2007
15-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17339383
Evidence regarding the effect of tuberculosis (TB) disease on progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease is inconclusive. The authors estimated the effect of time-varying incident TB on time to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related mortality using a joint marginal structural Cox model. Between 1995 and 2002, 1,412 HIV type 1 (HIV-1)-infected women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study were followed for a median of 6 years. Twenty-nine women incurred incident TB, and 222 died of AIDS-related causes. Accounting for age, CD4 cell count, HIV-1 RNA level, serum albumin level, and non-TB AIDS at study entry, as well as for time-varying CD4 cell count, CD4 cell count nadir, HIV-1 RNA level, peak HIV-1 RNA level, serum albumin level, HIV-related symptoms, non-TB AIDS, anti-Pneumocystis jiroveci prophylaxis, antiretroviral therapy, and household income, the hazard ratio for AIDS-related death comparing time after incident TB with time before incident TB was 4.
10.1093/aje/kwk116
17339383
Adult *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Female HIV Infections/complications/drug therapy/*mortality *hiv-1 Humans Prospective Studies Tuberculosis/complications/*mortality United States/epidemiology
López-Gatell H, Cole SR, Hessol NA, French AL, Greenblatt RM, Landesman S, Preston-Martin S, Anastos K (2007). Effect of tuberculosis on the survival of women infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Am J Epidemiol, 165(10), 1134-42.
Journal Article
Live birth patterns among human immunodeficiency virus-infected women before and after the availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy
Am J Obstet Gynecol
2007
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17547887
OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to investigate the relationship between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and childbearing before and after the availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). METHODS: Enrollment in the Women's Interagency HIV study took place in 1994-1995 (pre-HAART era) and again in 2001-2002 (HAART era). Live birth rates prior to enrollment were compared between treatment era cohorts for HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women aged 15-44 years using Poisson regression. For HIV-infected women, we included live births between HIV diagnosis date and study entry; the HAART era cohort included only women diagnosed with HIV in 1996 and afterward. RESULTS: Among HIV-infected women, the HAART era live birth rate was 150% higher than in the pre-HAART era (P = .001) vs a 5% increase among HIV-uninfected women. The rate of increase in live birth rate was higher for women > or = 35 years old (vs younger than 25 years, P = .02), and with more than
10.1016/j.ajog.2007.01.005
17547887
PMC1949426
Adolescent Adult *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active *Birth Rate CD4 Lymphocyte Count Educational Status Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/epidemiology Humans Maternal Age Pregnancy Prospective Studies Substance Abuse, Intravenous/epidemiology United States/epidemiology
Sharma A, Feldman JG, Golub ET, Schmidt J, Silver S, Robison E, Minkoff H. (2007). Live birth patterns among human immunodeficiency virus-infected women before and after the availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 196(6), 541 e1-6. PMC1949426
Journal Article
The association of bone mineral density with HIV infection and antiretroviral treatment in women
Antivir Ther
2007
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18018763
BACKGROUND: Low bone mineral density (BMD) has been reported in HIV-infected women and men. METHODS: We analysed cross-sectional BMD measured by regional dual X-ray absorptiometry at the lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN) in 152 HIV-negative and 274 HIV-positive (HIV+) women, adjusted for traditional low BMD risk factors. RESULTS: BMD was significantly lower in protease inhibitor (PI) users than in all other groups, and highest in HIV-negative women. In multivariate analyses the prevalence of T-score < -1.0 was significantly higher in the HIV+ women naive to antiretroviral therapy (ART; odds ratio [OR] 4.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.61, 11.8) and the women receiving PI-containing HAART (OR 3.72, CI 1.43, 9.68), with a non-significant difference in non-PI HAART users (OR 2.43, CI 0.92, 6.45), compared with HIV-negative women. In pair-wise adjusted comparisons, BMD was lower in ART-naive than in HIV-negative women (1.22 versus 1.30 g/cm2 at LS; P = 0.004), in PI compared with
10.1590/S0004-27302010000200008
18018763
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Bone Density/*drug effects Cohort Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/physiopathology/virology *hiv-1 Humans Risk Factors
Anastos K, Lu D, Shi O, Mulligan K, Tien PC, Freeman R, Cohen MH, Justman J, Hessol NA (2007). The association of bone mineral density with HIV infection and antiretroviral treatment in women. Antivir Ther, 12(7), 1049-58.
Journal Article
Demystifying optimal dynamic treatment regimes
Biometrics
2007
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17688497
A dynamic regime is a function that takes treatment and covariate history and baseline covariates as inputs and returns a decision to be made. Murphy (2003, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B 65, 331-366) and Robins (2004, Proceedings of the Second Seattle Symposium on Biostatistics, 189-326) have proposed models and developed semiparametric methods for making inference about the optimal regime in a multi-interval trial that provide clear advantages over traditional parametric approaches. We show that Murphy's model is a special case of Robins's and that the methods are closely related but not equivalent. Interesting features of the methods are highlighted using the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and through simulation.
10.1111/j.1541-0420.2006.00686.x
17688497
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy/immunology Algorithms Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage/therapeutic use Biometry CD4 Lymphocyte Count Clinical Trials as Topic/*statistics & numerical data Cohort Studies Humans *Models, Statistical Multicenter Studies as Topic/statistics & numerical data Random Allocation Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/statistics & numerical data Time Factors Zidovudine/administration & dosage/therapeutic use
Moodie EE, Richardson TS, Stephens DA (2007). Demystifying optimal dynamic treatment regimes. Biometrics, 63(2), 447-55.
Journal Article
Prospective accuracy for longitudinal markers
Biometrics
2007
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17688486
In this article we focus on appropriate statistical methods for characterizing the prognostic value of a longitudinal clinical marker. Frequently it is possible to obtain repeated measurements. If the measurement has the ability to signify a pending change in the clinical status of a patient then the marker has the potential to guide key medical decisions. Heagerty, Lumley, and Pepe (2000, Biometrics 56, 337-344) proposed characterizing the diagnostic accuracy of a marker measured at baseline by calculating receiver operating characteristic curves for cumulative disease or death incidence by time t. They considered disease status as a function of time, D(t) = 1(T<or=t), for a clinical event time T. In this article we aim to address the question of how well Y(s), a diagnostic marker measured at time s(s>or= 0, after the baseline time) can discriminate between people who become diseased and those who do not in a subsequent time interval [s, t]. We assume the disease status is derived fro
10.1111/j.1541-0420.2006.00726.x
17688486
Biomarkers/*analysis Biometry/*methods CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies HIV Infections/immunology Humans Longitudinal Studies Male Multivariate Analysis Prognosis Prospective Studies ROC Curve
Zheng Y, Heagerty PJ (2007). Prospective accuracy for longitudinal markers. Biometrics, 63(2), 332-41.
Journal Article
Estimating past hepatitis C infection risk from reported risk factor histories: implications for imputing age of infection and modeling fibrosis progression
BMC Infect Dis
2007
10-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18070362
BACKGROUND: Chronic hepatitis C virus infection is prevalent and often causes hepatic fibrosis, which can progress to cirrhosis and cause liver cancer or liver failure. Study of fibrosis progression often relies on imputing the time of infection, often as the reported age of first injection drug use. We sought to examine the accuracy of such imputation and implications for modeling factors that influence progression rates. METHODS: We analyzed cross-sectional data on hepatitis C antibody status and reported risk factor histories from two large studies, the Women's Interagency HIV Study and the Urban Health Study, using modern survival analysis methods for current status data to model past infection risk year by year. We compared fitted distributions of past infection risk to reported age of first injection drug use. RESULTS: Although injection drug use appeared to be a very strong risk factor, models for both studies showed that many subjects had considerable probability of having been
10.1186/1471-2334-7-145
18070362
PMC2238758
Adult Age of Onset Aged Antibodies, Viral/analysis Cross-Sectional Studies *Disease Progression Female Fibrosis/epidemiology Hepacivirus/immunology Hepatitis C/complications/*epidemiology Humans Infections/*epidemiology Likelihood Functions Liver/*pathology Male Middle Aged *Models, Biological Probability Risk Factors Substance Abuse, Intravenous/complications/epidemiology Survival Analysis
Bacchetti P, Tien PC, Seaberg EC, O'Brien TR, Augenbraun MH, Kral AH, Busch MP, Edlin BR (2007). Estimating past hepatitis C infection risk from reported risk factor histories: implications for imputing age of infection and modeling fibrosis progression. BMC Infect Dis, 7(), 145. PMC2238758
Journal Article
Within-individual stability of obesity-related biomarkers among women
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
2007
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17548700
OBJECTIVE: Novel biomarkers including proinflammatory cytokines and adipokines are being explored as potential mediators of cancer and other obesity-related conditions. Prospective studies linking biomarker levels with disease outcomes often measure biomarkers at a single time point and assume that the within-individual variation in levels is small compared with the interindividual variation. However, this assumption is seldom tested. METHODS: This study examined the within-individual stability over time of plasma adiponectin, resistin, leptin, plasma activator inhibitor type 1, hepatocyte growth factor, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6, and insulin among healthy young women. RESULTS: The study included 17 women (9 Black non-Hispanic, 2 Black Hispanic, 2 White Hispanic, and 4 other race/ethnicity) with mean age of 32.3 years, mean body mass index of 31.2 kg/m2, and 76% prevalence of smoking. Analysis of intraclass correlation (ICC) suggested high to moderate correlation over
10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-06-1089
17548700
Adult Biomarkers/*blood Female Humans Obesity/*blood Smoking *Specimen Handling
Kaplan RC, Ho GY, Xue X, Rajpathak S, Cushman M, Rohan TE, Strickler HD, Scherer PE, Anastos K (2007). Within-individual stability of obesity-related biomarkers among women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 16(6), 1291-3.
Journal Article
HIV type 1 superinfection with a dual-tropic virus and rapid progression to AIDS: a case report
Clin Infect Dis
2007
15-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17638203
BACKGROUND: The occurrence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) superinfection has implications for vaccine development and our understanding of HIV pathogenesis and transmission. METHODS AND RESULTS: We describe a subject from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study who was superinfected with a dual-tropic (CXCR4/CCR5-utilizing) HIV-1 subtype B strain between 0.8 and 1.3 years after seroconversion who had rapid progression to AIDS; the subject developed Pneumocystis pneumonia 3.4 years after seroconversion, as well as multiple other opportunistic infections. The superinfecting strain rapidly became the predominant population virus, suggesting that the initial and superinfecting viruses in this individual differed in virulence. However, we found no molecular epidemiological evidence in the HIV database to suggest that this strain had been found in other individuals. In addition, this subject's HIV-1 viral load and pattern of human leukocyte antigen and coreceptor polymorphisms only
10.1086/520024
17638203
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnosis/*virology Adult CD4 Lymphocyte Count Disease Progression HIV Infections/diagnosis/*virology HIV-1/*classification/genetics/isolation & purification Humans Male Phylogeny Superinfection/*diagnosis/virology Viral Load
Gottlieb GS, Nickle DC, Jensen MA, Wong KG, Kaslow RA, Shepherd JC, Margolick JB, Mullins JI (2007). HIV type 1 superinfection with a dual-tropic virus and rapid progression to AIDS: a case report. Clin Infect Dis, 45(4), 501-9.
Journal Article
Mortality among participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and the Women's Interagency HIV Study
Clin Infect Dis
2007
15-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17173233
BACKGROUND: Many studies that have reported decreases in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related mortality since the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) have also reported steady increases in non-HIV-related mortality over the same time periods. We examined temporal trends and risk factors for accident- and injury-related mortality among HIV-infected and -uninfected participants in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) and the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). METHODS: Information on causes of death was recorded for all participants in the MACS and WIHS cohort studies who died, and causes of death were categorized as accident- or injury-related deaths or not. Mortality rates were calculated by time periods, prior to the widespread use of HAART (before 1997) and after (1997-2002), and risk factors. RESULTS: Cause of death information was available for 619 women in the WIHS who died (during the period 1994-2002) and 1830 men in the MACS who died (during the p
10.1086/510488
17173233
Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*mortality Humans Male Multivariate Analysis Risk Factors
Hessol NA, Kalinowski A, Benning L, Mullen J, Young M, Palella F, Anastos K, Detels R, Cohen MH. (2007). Mortality among participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Clin Infect Dis, 44(2), 287-94.
Journal Article
Ten-year predicted coronary heart disease risk in HIV-infected men and women
Clin Infect Dis
2007
15-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17879928
BACKGROUND: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), in addition to traditional vascular risk factors, may affect coronary heart disease (CHD) risk in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. METHODS: Among HIV-infected (931 men and 1455 women) and HIV-uninfected (1099 men and 576 women) adults, the predicted risk of CHD was estimated on the basis of age, sex, lipid and blood pressure levels, the presence of diabetes, and smoking status. RESULTS: Among HIV-infected men, 2% had moderate predicted risk of CHD (10-year CHD risk, 15%-25%), and 17% had high predicted risk (10-year CHD risk of > or = 25% or diabetes). Among HIV-infected women, 2% had moderate predicted CHD risk, and 12% had high predicted CHD risk. Compared with users of protease inhibitor-based HAART, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for moderate-to-high risk of CHD was significantly lower among HAART-naive individuals (OR, 0.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.36-0.89). Users of HAART that was not pr
10.1086/521935
17879928
Adult Age Factors *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Blood Pressure Body Mass Index Coronary Disease/*epidemiology Diabetes Mellitus Female HIV Infections/*complications/*drug therapy HIV Protease Inhibitors/therapeutic use Humans Income Lipids/blood Male Middle Aged Risk Assessment Sex Factors Smoking
Kaplan RC, Kingsley LA, Sharrett AR, Li X, Lazar J, Tien PC, Mack WJ, Cohen MH, Jacobson L, Gange SJ (2007). Ten-year predicted coronary heart disease risk in HIV-infected men and women. Clin Infect Dis, 45(8), 1074-81.
Journal Article
Patterns and predictors of changes in adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy: longitudinal study of men and women
Clin Infect Dis
2007
15-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17968839
BACKGROUND: Adherence to therapy is a dynamic behavior. However, few studies have identified factors associated with changes in adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) among men and women. METHODS: From 1999 through 2004, self-reported adherence to HAART was recorded twice yearly as part of 2 prospective cohort studies. At each study visit, participants were categorized as being 100% adherent if they reported full adherence with their HAART regimen over the past 4 days (for men) and 3 days (for women). Repeated-measures logistic regression models were used to identify predictors for changes in adherence between consecutive visits. RESULTS: Of the participants, 640 men and 1304 women contributed 2803 and 5972 visit-pairs, respectively. Among white men, the prevalence of 100% adherence decreased from 91% in 1998 to 80% in 2003. Among women and African American men, the prevalence of full adherence was lower (75% and 77% on average, respectively) and stable over time (P>
10.1086/522762
17968839
Adult Alcohol Drinking *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Biomarkers Continental Population Groups Depression Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy Humans Logistic Models Longitudinal Studies Male Risk Factors Sex Factors Treatment Refusal/*statistics & numerical data
Lazo M, Gange SJ, Wilson TE, Anastos K, Ostrow DG, Witt MD, Jacobson LP (2007). Patterns and predictors of changes in adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy: longitudinal study of men and women. Clin Infect Dis, 45(10), 1377-85.
Journal Article
The effect of antiretroviral therapy on secondary transmission of HIV among men who have sex with men
Clin Infect Dis
2007
4/15/2007
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17366461
BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) reduces human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA load and the probability of transmitting HIV to an HIV-uninfected partner. However, the potential reduction in secondary transmission associated with ART may be offset by the longer duration of infectiousness. METHODS: To estimate the effects of ART on the secondary transmission of HIV among men who have sex with men, we used a previously published state-transition model of HIV disease to simulate the clinical and virologic course of HIV infection among 2 cohorts of men who have sex with men: (1) a cohort of individuals who were not receiving ART and (2) a cohort of individuals treated with US guideline-concordant ART. The model tracked the number of acts of unprotected insertive anal intercourse, transmission risk per act as determined by HIV RNA level, and the number of secondary cases generated in each cohort. RESULTS: The estimated mean number of secondary transmissions from an HIV-infected indi
10.1086/512816
17366461
PMC2365722
agent Anti-Retroviral Agents antiretroviral therapy behavior Boston case cases clinical cohort Disease Disease Transmission,Infectious drug therapy duration effects epidemiology health Hiv HIV Infections Homosexuality,Male Human human immunodeficiency virus Humans immunodeficiency infection Male methods model prevention & control Probability Public Health research Risk Risk-Taking support therapeutic use therapies therapy transmission treatment virus
McCormick AW, Walensky RP, Lipsitch M, Losina E, Hsu H, Weinstein MC, Paltiel AD, Freedberg KA, Seage GR 3rd (2007). The effect of antiretroviral therapy on secondary transmission of HIV among men who have sex with men. Clin Infect Dis, 44(8), 1115-1122. PMC2365722
Journal Article
Prevalence and long-term effects of occult hepatitis B virus infection in HIV-infected women
Clin Infect Dis
2007
15-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17712758
Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is of concern in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons. We observed that 2% of 400 HIV-infected women with antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen alone had occult HBV infection (i.e., detectable HBV DNA in the absence of HBV surface antigen). CD4 cell counts of <200 cells/mm3 were more common among occult HBV-infected women than among those without occult HBV infection. Aminotransferase levels did not appear to be associated with being positive for HBV DNA.
10.1086/520989
17712758
PMC4142488
Adult CD4 Lymphocyte Count DNA, Viral/genetics Female HIV Infections/*complications Hepatitis B/complications/*epidemiology Hepatitis B Antibodies/immunology Hepatitis B Core Antigens/immunology Hepatitis B virus/genetics/immunology/*pathogenicity Humans Middle Aged Prevalence Prospective Studies Time Factors United States/epidemiology
Tsui JI, French AL, Seaberg EC, Augenbraun M, Nowicki M, Peters M, Tien PC (2007). Prevalence and long-term effects of occult hepatitis B virus infection in HIV-infected women. Clin Infect Dis, 45(6), 736-40. PMC4142488
Journal Article
Dendritic cell function during chronic hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection
Clin Vaccine Immunol
2007
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17634507
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection can persist despite HCV-specific T-cell immunity and can have a more aggressive course in persons coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Defects in antigen-presenting, myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) could underlie this T-cell dysfunction. Here we show that monocyte-derived DCs from persons with chronic HCV infection, with or without HIV-1 coinfection, being treated with combination antiretroviral therapy produced lower levels of interleukin 12 (IL-12) p70 in response to CD40 ligand (CD40L), whereas the expression of DC surface activation and costimulatory molecules was unimpaired. The deficiency in IL-12 production could be overcome by addition of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) with CD40L, resulting in very high, comparable levels of IL-12 production by DCs from HCV- and HIV-1-infected subjects. Smaller amounts of IL-12 p70 were produced by DCs treated with the immune modulators tumor necrosis factor alpha and IL-1beta, with or witho
10.1128/CVI.00141-07
17634507
PMC2043301
CD40 Ligand/immunology Dendritic Cells/drug effects/*immunology HIV Infections/*complications/*immunology/virology HIV-1/*immunology Hepacivirus/*immunology Hepatitis C, Chronic/*complications/*immunology/virology Humans Immunotherapy Interferon-gamma/immunology/pharmacology Interleukin-12/immunology Interleukin-1beta/pharmacology Interleukins/biosynthesis/immunology Lymphocyte Activation/genetics/immunology T-Lymphocytes/immunology Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology
Fan Z, Huang XL, Kalinski P, Young S, Rinaldo CR Jr (2007). Dendritic cell function during chronic hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. Clin Vaccine Immunol, 14(9), 1127-37. PMC2043301
Journal Article
CD27 and CD57 expression reveals atypical differentiation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific memory CD8+ T cells
Clin Vaccine Immunol
2007
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17079436
The failure of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific CD8+ T cells to control chronic HIV-1 infection could be due to the progressive loss of their capacities to undergo normal memory effector differentiation. We characterized and compared the expressions of CD27, CD28, CD57, and CD62L by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-, cytomegalovirus (CMV)-, and HIV-1-specific CD8+ T cells by six-color, eight-parameter flow cytometry. In contrast to the maturation of EBV- and CMV-specific memory CD8+ T cells, we found that HIV-1-specific CD8+ T cells did not display coordinated down-regulation of CD27 and up-regulation of CD57 and accumulated in an atypical CD27(high) CD57(low) subset. Moreover, the accumulation of CD27(high) CD57(low) HIV-1-specific CD8+ T cells was positively correlated with HIV-1 plasma viremia. The differentiation of HIV-1-specific CD8+ T cells to an effector subset is therefore impaired during chronic HIV-1 infection. This lack of normal CD8+ T-cell differentiation coul
10.1128/CVI.00250-06
17079436
PMC1797708
Adult Aged CD57 Antigens/genetics/immunology/*metabolism CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/metabolism/virology Cell Differentiation/immunology Cytomegalovirus Infections/genetics/immunology Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/genetics/immunology Female Gene Expression/genetics HIV Infections/genetics/*immunology HIV-1/genetics/*immunology Humans Immunologic Memory Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology Male Middle Aged Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 7/genetics/immunology/*metabolism Viremia
Hoji A, Connolly NC, Buchanan WG, Rinaldo CR Jr (2007). CD27 and CD57 expression reveals atypical differentiation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific memory CD8+ T cells. Clin Vaccine Immunol, 14(1), 74-80. PMC1797708
Journal Article
Assessing immunophenotyping performance: proficiency-validation for adopting improved flow cytometry methods
Cytometry B Clin Cytom
2007
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17205569
BACKGROUND: The continuous improvement and evolution of immune cell phenotyping requires periodic upgrading of laboratory methods and technology. Flow cytometry laboratories that are participating in research protocols sponsored by the NIAID are required to perform "switch" studies to validate performance before methods for T-cell subset analysis can be changed. METHODS: Switch studies were conducted among the four flow cytometry laboratories of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), comparing a 2-color, lyse-wash method and a newer, 3-color, lyse no-wash method. Two of the laboratories twice failed to satisfy the criteria for acceptable differences from the previous method. Rather than repeating more switch studies, these laboratories were allowed to adopt the 3-color, lyse no-wash method. To evaluate the impact of the switch to the new method at these two sites, their results with the new method were evaluated within the context of all laboratories participating in the NIH-NIAID-D
10.1002/cyto.b.20176
17205569
PMC4100219
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnosis/immunology Antigens, Surface/immunology Cohort Studies Flow Cytometry/*methods/trends Humans Immunophenotyping/*methods/standards/trends Observer Variation Predictive Value of Tests Quality Control Reproducibility of Results T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
Hultin LE, Menendez FA, Hultin PM, Jamieson BD, O'Gorman MR, Borowski L, Matud JL, Denny TN, Margolick JB (2007). Assessing immunophenotyping performance: proficiency-validation for adopting improved flow cytometry methods. Cytometry B Clin Cytom, 72(4), 249-55. PMC4100219
Journal Article
Illicit drug use, depression and their association with highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-positive women
Drug Alcohol Depend
2007
15-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17291696
BACKGROUND: We examined the interaction of illicit drug use and depressive symptoms, and how they affect the subsequent likelihood of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) use among women with HIV/AIDS. METHODS: Subjects included 1710 HIV-positive women recruited from six sites in the U.S. including Brooklyn, Bronx, Chicago, Los Angeles, San Francisco/Bay Area, and Washington, DC. Cases of probable depression were identified using depressive symptom scores on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Crack, cocaine, heroin, and amphetamine use were self-reported at 6-month time intervals. We conducted multivariate random logistic regression analysis of data collected during 16 waves of semiannual interviews conducted from April 1996 through March 2004. RESULTS: We found an interaction effect between illicit drug use and depression that acted to suppress subsequent HAART use, controlling for virologic and immunologic indicators, socio-demographic variables, time, and
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.12.002
17291696
PMC4009351
Adolescent Adult Aged Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/psychology/*statistics & numerical data Cohort Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Depressive Disorder/*epidemiology/psychology Female HIV Seropositivity/drug therapy/*epidemiology/psychology Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice Humans *Illicit Drugs Likelihood Functions Longitudinal Studies Middle Aged Patient Acceptance of Health Care/psychology/statistics & numerical data Statistics as Topic Substance-Related Disorders/*epidemiology/psychology United States Utilization Review/statistics & numerical data
Cook JA, Grey DD, Burke-Miller JK, Cohen MH, Vlahov D, Kapadia F, Wilson TE, Cook R, Schwartz RM, Golub ET, Anastos K, Ponath C, Goparaju L, Levine AM (2007). Illicit drug use, depression and their association with highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-positive women. Drug Alcohol Depend, 89(1), 74-81. PMC4009351
Journal Article
Telomerase induction in T cells: a cure for aging and disease?
Exp Gerontol
2007
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17182206
Cells of the immune system are unique among normal somatic cells in that they have the capacity to upregulate the telomere-extending enzyme, telomerase, albeit in a precisely controlled fashion. Kinetic analysis of telomerase activity in long-term T cell cultures has documented that the high level of telomerase induced in concert with activation reaches a peak at 3-5 days, then declines by 3 weeks. The process is recapitulated during secondary antigenic stimulation, but by the third, and all subsequent stimulations in vitro, CD8 T cells are unable to upregulate telomerase. Cell division in the absence of telomerase activity results in progressive telomere shortening, and ultimately, the DNA damage/cell cycle arrest that is signaled by critically short telomeres. Cultures of senescent CD8 T cells show altered cytokine patterns, resistance to apoptosis, and absence of expression of the CD28 costimulatory receptor. CD8 T cells with these and other features of replicative senescence accumu
10.1016/j.exger.2006.11.005
17182206
PMC1913844
Aging/*physiology Antigens, CD/genetics CD28 Antigens/genetics CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology/enzymology/immunology Cell Division Cellular Senescence/immunology/physiology Humans Immune System Diseases/*enzymology Kinetics T-Lymphocytes/cytology/enzymology/*immunology Telomerase/*biosynthesis
R. B. Effros (2007). Telomerase induction in T cells: a cure for aging and disease?. Exp Gerontol, 42(5), 416-20. PMC1913844
Journal Article
Biologic markers of ovarian reserve and reproductive aging: application in a cohort study of HIV infection in women
Fertil Steril
2007
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17418155
OBJECTIVE: To compare Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS) levels in serum obtained during the early follicular phase to those obtained randomly during the menstrual cycle. To determine whether HIV infection influences early follicular MIS levels, an early marker of ovarian aging. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. SETTING: Women's Interagency HIV Study, a multicenter prospective study. PATIENT(S): Serum samples obtained from 263 (187 HIV infected and 76 uninfected) participants of the Women's Interagency HIV Study who reported menstrual bleeding during the preceding 6 months and who were not taking exogenous hormones. INTERVENTION(S): Early follicular (cycle days 2-5) MIS samples were compared with serum samples that had been obtained without regard to menstrual cycle phase. Comparison samples were obtained within 6 weeks before or within 3 to 6 months after the early follicular samples. Early follicular FSH, E(2), inhibin B, and MIS levels were also compared between the HIV infected an
10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.01.122
17418155
PMC2682326
Adult Aging/blood/*physiology Anti-Mullerian Hormone/analysis/*blood Biomarkers/analysis/blood Cohort Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Female Follicular Phase/blood Follow-Up Studies HIV Infections/blood/*physiopathology *hiv-1 Humans Ovary/*physiology Prospective Studies Reproduction/*physiology
Seifer DB, Golub ET, Lambert-Messerlian G, Springer G, Holman S, Moxley M, Cejtin H, Nathwani N, Anastos K, Minkoff H, Greenblatt RM (2007). Biologic markers of ovarian reserve and reproductive aging: application in a cohort study of HIV infection in women. Fertil Steril, 88(6), 1645-52. PMC2682326
Journal Article
Hepatitis C virus quasispecies in HIV-infected women: role of injecting drug use and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)
Hepatology
2007
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17659581
UNLABELLED: Despite the high frequency of HCV and HIV coinfection, little is known about HCV quasispecies in HIV-positive patients. The current analysis included 236 HIV+/anti-HCV+ women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). Hypervariable region 1 of the second envelope gene was analyzed by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP). The relationship between the HCV quasispecies and clinical and demographic features were analyzed in multivariate models. Age over 40 years and high HCV RNA load were the only factors significantly associated with quasispecies complexity, assessed as the number of SSCP bands. High HIV and HCV plasma loads were associated with quasispecies stability over time, as reflected by stable SSCP band patterns. However, women who were actively injecting drugs were 3 times more likely to experience quasispecies changes than their noninjecting counterparts. No affect on HCV quasispecies dynamics was noted in relation to CD4 count or highly active a
10.1002/hep.21715
17659581
PMC3508063
Adult *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active CD4 Lymphocyte Count Female HIV Infections/drug therapy/immunology/*virology Hepacivirus/classification/*isolation & purification Humans Middle Aged Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational RNA, Viral/blood Substance Abuse, Intravenous/*complications Viral Load
Laskus T, Wilkinson J, Karim R, Mack W, Radkowski M, deGiacomo M, Nasseri J, Chen Z, Xu J, Kovacs A (2007). Hepatitis C virus quasispecies in HIV-infected women: role of injecting drug use and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Hepatology, 46(2), 359-70. PMC3508063
Journal Article
Selegiline transdermal system (STS) for HIV-associated cognitive impairment: open-label report of ACTG 5090
HIV Clin Trials
2007
Nov-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18042509
OBJECTIVE: To assess the long-term safety (primary aim) and efficacy (secondary aim) of the MAO-B inhibitor Selegiline Transdermal System (STS) for the treatment of HIV-associated cognitive impairment. BACKGROUND: HIV infection is associated with increased oxidative stress. In vitro and animal studies have shown that selegiline can reduce oxidative stress levels while enhancing the synthesis of neurotrophic factors. We conducted and reported a 24-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study with STS in HIV-infected individuals with cognitive impairment (ACTG 5090). We now report the results of the 24-week open-label follow-up. METHOD: Subjects received either 3 mg/24 h or 6 mg/24 h STS daily. The primary efficacy endpoint was changes in the mean of z scores of six neuropsychological tests (NPZ-6). Additional outcomes included NPZ-8 and NPZ scores by cognitive domain. RESULTS: 86 subjects were enrolled. There were few severe adverse experiences (n = 13). There was no significant change
10.1310/hct0806-437
18042509
Administration, Cutaneous Adult Cognition Disorders/*drug therapy Female HIV Infections/*complications Humans Male Middle Aged Neuropsychological Tests/statistics & numerical data Selegiline/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*therapeutic use
Evans SR, Yeh TM, Sacktor N, Clifford DB, Simpson D, Miller EN, Ellis RJ, Valcour V, Marra CM, Millar L, Schifitto G; AIDS Clinical Trials Group and the Neurologic AIDS Research Consortium (2007). Selegiline transdermal system (STS) for HIV-associated cognitive impairment: open-label report of ACTG 5090. HIV Clin Trials, 8(6), 437-46.
Journal Article
Longitudinal changes in serum lipids among HIV-infected men on highly active antiretroviral therapy
HIV Med
2007
Jul-07
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17561873
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to describe longitudinal changes in serum lipids among HIV-infected men receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) with long-term follow-up. METHODS: A total of 304 HIV-infected men who initiated HAART and who had serum lipid measurements prior to and for up to 7 years after HAART initiation were identified from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Mean levels of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were examined at biannual time-points. RESULTS: Significant lipid changes were seen within 0.5 years of HAART initiation but increases in TC (+1.09 mmol/L), LDL-C (+0.57 mmol/L), HDL-C (+0.16 mmol/L) and non-HDL-C (+0.91 mmol/L) reached peak levels 2-3 years after HAART initiation. Declines in serum TC, LDL-C and non-HDL-C in subsequent years occurred concurrently with a substantial increase in use of lipid-lowering medications (from 1% usage pre-HAART to 43%
10.1111/j.1468-1293.2007.00470.x
17561873
AIDS antiretroviral therapy change Cholesterol cohort Cohort Studies cohort study effects follow-up HAART Lipids longitudinal MACS measurement methods multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Pittsburgh research Risk sera study support therapies therapy toxicity treatment
Riddler SA, Li X, Chu H, Kingsley LA, Dobs A, Evans R, Palella F, Visscher B, Chmiel JS, Sharrett A (2007). Longitudinal changes in serum lipids among HIV-infected men on highly active antiretroviral therapy. HIV Med, 8(5), 280-287.
Journal Article
Peripheral arterial disease in HIV-infected and uninfected women
HIV Med
2007
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17944689
OBJECTIVE: Although HIV infection has been associated with increased risk of subclinical atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events, peripheral arterial disease (PAD) has not been assessed in HIV-infected patients. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of, and risk factors for, PAD using ankle-brachial index (ABI) measurement in HIV-infected and uninfected women. METHODS: ABI was determined for 335 participants in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). A cross-sectional analysis was conducted to determine factors associated with high (>or=1.40) ABI. RESULTS: The prevalence of low ABI (<or=0.9) was 0.9% (n=3) and the prevalence of high ABI (>or=1.40) was 6.9% (n=23). The prevalence of low ABI was too low to allow risk factor analysis. On multivariate analysis, factors associated with high ABI were current cigarette smoking [adjusted odds ratio (OR(adj)) 2.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.99-6.43], being underweight (OR(adj) 11.0, 95% CI 1.61-75.63) and being ov
10.1111/j.1468-1293.2007.00509.x
17944689
Adult Ankle Blood Pressure Brachial Artery/diagnostic imaging Cardiovascular Diseases/*prevention & control Cross-Sectional Studies Female HIV Infections/*complications Humans Odds Ratio Peripheral Vascular Diseases/diagnostic imaging/*etiology Risk Assessment Risk Factors Ultrasonography
Sharma A, Holman S, Pitts R, Minkoff HL, Dehovitz JA, Lazar J (2007). Peripheral arterial disease in HIV-infected and uninfected women. HIV Med, 8(8), 555-60.
Journal Article
Correlates of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte counts in high-risk immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seronegative women enrolled in the women's interagency HIV study (WIHS)
Hum Immunol
2007
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17462501
Studies of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection often compare values from HIV-uninfected controls, including CD4 and CD8 lymphocyte counts. Nonetheless, little is known regarding factors associated with CD4 and CD8 cell numbers in HIV-uninfected individuals. To ascertain potential factors associated with differences in CD4 and CD8 cells among HIV negative women, we studied these cells in a group of 953 women, enrolled as HIV-negative comparators in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Using standard techniques, we measured CD4 and CD8 cells obtained during study-related visits every six months through visit 20 (maximum of 9.5 years). Results were correlated with demographic and behavioral factors, and data were analyzed using a multiple linear regression approach with generalized estimating equations. At baseline, the median age was 32.4 years, body mass index (BMI) was 26.4 kg/m(2), CD4 cell count was 1010 (range 214-2705)/microL, and CD8 cell count was 542 (range 72-2448)/micro
10.1016/j.humimm.2007.01.007
17462501
Adolescent Adult African Americans Age Factors Alcohol Drinking/immunology Body Mass Index CD4 Lymphocyte Count CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*cytology CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*cytology European Continental Ancestry Group Female *HIV Seronegativity Hepatitis C/immunology Hispanic Americans Humans Linear Models Lymphocyte Count Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis Sexual Partners Smoking/immunology Substance Abuse, Intravenous/immunology
Nowicki MJ, Karim R, Mack WJ, Minkoff H, Anastos K, Cohen M, Greenblatt RM, Young MA, Gange SJ, Levine AM (2007). Correlates of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte counts in high-risk immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seronegative women enrolled in the women's interagency HIV study (WIHS). Hum Immunol, 68(5), 342-9.
Journal Article
A mutation in KIR3DS1 that results in truncation and lack of cell surface expression
Immunogenetics
2007
Oct-07
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17687550
The KIR gene cluster exhibits a high degree of polymorphism in terms of gene content as well as allelic polymorphism, and data suggest that it is evolving rapidly. The KIR3DL1 locus is one of the most polymorphic loci within this cluster and is unique in that it encodes an activating receptor KIR3DS1, as well as multiple inhibitory KIR3DL1 allotypes. Because KIR3DS1 has been implicated in a number of diseases, we tested for the presence of KIR3DS1 variants that might affect its expression and activating capacity. Preliminary FACS analysis indicated that indeed some individuals with the KIR3DS1 allele showed no cell surface expression of the molecule. Sequencing analysis identified a variant with a complex deletion/substitution mutation in exon 4 (which encodes the D1 extracellular domain), resulting in a premature stop codon. We subsequently genotyped 3,960 unrelated individuals and determined the frequencies of this allele across geographically distinct world populations. The data ind
10.1007/s00251-007-0240-8
17687550
Affect Alleles analysis Base Sequence Cell Membrane Codon,Terminator Disease Exons Gene Expression Regulation Gene Frequency genetics Geography Haplotypes Humans immunology Killer Cells,Natural Laboratories Molecular Sequence Data Multigene Family Mutation population Protein Structure,Tertiary Receptors,KIR3DS1 research support truncation Variation (Genetics)
Martin MP, Pascal V, Yeager M, Phair J, Kirk GD, Hoots K, O'Brien SJ, Anderson SK, Carrington M (2007). A mutation in KIR3DS1 that results in truncation and lack of cell surface expression. Immunogenetics, 59(10), 823-829.
Journal Article
Six-month natural history of oral versus cervical human papillomavirus infection
Int J Cancer
2007
1-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17354235
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is etiologically associated with a subset of oral cancers, and yet, the natural history of oral HPV infection remains unexplored. The feasibility of studying oral HPV natural history was evaluated by collecting oral rinse samples on 2 occasions at a 6-month interval from 136 HIV-positive and 63 HIV-negative participants. Cervical vaginal lavage samples were concurrently collected for comparison. HPV genomic DNA was detected in oral and cervical samples by consensus primer PCR and type-specified for 37 HPV types. The six-month cumulative prevalence of oral HPV infection was significantly less than for cervical infection (p < 0.0001). HIV-positive women were more likely than HIV-negative women to have an oral (33 vs. 15%, p = 0.016) or cervical (78 vs. 51%, p < 0.001) infection detected. Oral HPV infections detected at baseline were as likely as cervical infections to persist to 6 months among HIV-negative (60% vs. 51%, p = 0.70) and HIV-positive (55%
10.1002/ijc.22667
17354235
Adult Alphapapillomavirus/pathogenicity/*physiology Female HIV Infections/blood/epidemiology/virology Humans Middle Aged Mouth Diseases/blood/*epidemiology/pathology/*virology Papillomavirus Infections/blood/*epidemiology/pathology/*virology Time Factors Uterine Cervical Diseases/blood/*epidemiology/pathology/*virology
D'Souza G, Fakhry C, Sugar EA, Seaberg EC, Weber K, Minkoff HL, Anastos K, Palefsky JM, Gillison ML (2007). Six-month natural history of oral versus cervical human papillomavirus infection. Int J Cancer, 121(1), 143-50.
Journal Article
Cohort profile: the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD)
Int J Epidemiol
2007
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17213214
10.1093/ije/dyl286
17213214
PMC2820873
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnosis/*epidemiology Canada/epidemiology Cohort Studies Female Humans Male Research/organization & administration/statistics & numerical data *Research Design United States/epidemiology
Gange SJ, Kitahata MM, Saag MS, Bangsberg DR, Bosch RJ, Brooks JT, Calzavara L, Deeks SG, Eron JJ, Gebo KA, Gill MJ, Haas DW, Hogg RS, Horberg MA, Jacobson LP, Justice AC, Kirk GD, Klein MB, Martin JN, McKaig RG, Rodriguez B, Rourke SB, Sterling TR, Freeman AM, Moore RD (2007). Cohort profile: the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD). Int J Epidemiol, 36(2), 294-301. PMC2820873
Journal Article
Association of serum lipid levels with HIV serostatus, specific antiretroviral agents, and treatment regimens
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2007
1-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17460470
BACKGROUND: The effects of HIV infection, highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), and specific antiretroviral agents on lipoproteins in women are not well described. METHODS: In a cross-sectional substudy of the Women's Interagency HIV Study with 623 HIV-negative and 1556 HIV-positive women (636 untreated, 419 on non-protease inhibitor [PI] HAART, and 501 on PI-containing HAART), we performed multivariate analyses of associations among fasting lipoprotein levels, HIV infection, and HAART. RESULTS: Untreated HIV-positive women had lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and higher triglycerides (TGs) but not lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) than HIV-negative women and were the most likely to have unfavorable HDL-C by National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) guidelines. PI HAART users had higher LDL-C than untreated HIV-infected women (107 vs. 100 mg/dL, P = 0.0006) and were the most likely to have unfavorable LDL-C and TGs by NCEP guidelines. HIV-n
10.1097/QAI.0b013e318042d5fe
17460470
Adenine/adverse effects/analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use Adult African Continental Ancestry Group/statistics & numerical data Anti-HIV Agents/*adverse effects/*therapeutic use Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/adverse effects Benzoxazines/adverse effects/therapeutic use Cholesterol/blood Cross-Sectional Studies Didanosine/adverse effects/therapeutic use Dideoxynucleosides/adverse effects/therapeutic use Drug Therapy, Combination European Continental Ancestry Group/statistics & numerical data Fasting Female HIV Infections/drug therapy/metabolism HIV Protease Inhibitors/adverse effects/therapeutic use *HIV Seronegativity *HIV Seropositivity/drug therapy Hiv-1 Hispanic Americans/statistics & numerical data Humans Indinavir/adverse effects/therapeutic use Lamivudine/adverse effects/therapeutic use Lipids/*blood Lipoproteins, HDL/blood Lipoproteins, LDL/blood Multivariate Analysis Nelfinavir/adverse effects/therapeutic use Nevirapine/adverse effects/therapeutic use Organophosphonat
Anastos K, Lu D, Shi Q, Tien PC, Kaplan RC, Hessol NA, Cole S, Vigen C, Cohen M, Young M, Justman J (2007). Association of serum lipid levels with HIV serostatus, specific antiretroviral agents, and treatment regimens. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 45(1), 34-42.
Journal Article
Risk of non-AIDS-related mortality may exceed risk of AIDS-related mortality among individuals enrolling into care with CD4+ counts greater than 200 cells/mm3
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2007
1-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17075385
OBJECTIVE: To quantify cause-specific mortality risk attributable to non-AIDS-related and AIDS-related causes before and after the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). METHODS: Competing-risk methods were used to determine the cumulative AIDS-related and non-AIDS-related risk of mortality between 1990 and the end of 2003 in the Johns Hopkins HIV Clinical Cohort, a prospective cohort study. RESULTS: Beginning in 1997 with the introduction of HAART, all-cause mortality declined and has remained stable at approximately 39 deaths per 1000 person-years. AIDS-related mortality continued to decline in this period (P = 0.008), whereas non-AIDS-related mortality increased (P < 0.001). Using competing-risk methods, the risk of dying attributable to AIDS-related causes remains significantly higher than the risk of dying attributable to non-AIDS-related causes for patients with a CD4 count <or=200 cells/mm in the HAART era. For those with a CD4 count >200 cells/mm, however, non-
10.1097/01.qai.0000247229.68246.c5
17075385
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*drug therapy/immunology/*mortality Adult *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active *CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cause of Death Cohort Studies Female Humans Male *Mortality Prospective Studies
Lau B, Gange SJ, Moore RD (2007). Risk of non-AIDS-related mortality may exceed risk of AIDS-related mortality among individuals enrolling into care with CD4+ counts greater than 200 cells/mm3. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 44(2), 179-87.
Journal Article
Hysterectomy among women with HIV: indications and incidence
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2007
15-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17259909
OBJECTIVE: To describe hysterectomy rates and indications among women with HIV and to compare them with at-risk HIV-seronegative women. METHODS: Reports of hysterectomy were collected from 3752 participants in a prospective cohort study of women with HIV and comparison uninfected women. Available operative notes were retrieved and abstracted. Comparisons were made using the Fisher exact, chi, Wilcoxon 2-sample, and Student's t tests. RESULTS: Incident hysterectomy was performed for 106 (4.5%) of 2361 HIV-seropositive women, most often for cervical neoplasia, and for 24 (2.9%) of 837 HIV-seronegative women (P = 0.04). The incidence of hysterectomy was 7.7 per 1000 person-years for HIV-seropositive women and 5.3 per 1000 person-years for HIV-seronegative women (P = 0.09). HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative women undergoing incident hysterectomy were similar, except for a higher likelihood of an abnormal preoperative Papanicolaou test result in the former (P = 0.001). Surgical indicati
10.1097/QAI.0b013e318032387a
17259909
Cohort Studies Female Genital Diseases, Female/complications/surgery HIV Infections/*surgery HIV Seronegativity HIV Seropositivity/complications Humans *Hysterectomy/statistics & numerical data Pregnancy Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/surgery Prospective Studies United States
Massad LS, Evans C, Weber K, Cejtin HE, Golub ET, DiGilio K, Alpern A, Watts DH (2007). Hysterectomy among women with HIV: indications and incidence. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 44(5), 566-8.
Journal Article
Cervical shedding of HIV-1 RNA among women with low levels of viremia while receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2007
1-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17106279
BACKGROUND: Among women with low or undetectable quantities of HIV-1 RNA in plasma, factors associated with genital HIV-1 RNA shedding, including choice of treatment regimen, are poorly characterized. METHODS: We measured HIV-1 RNA in cervical swab specimens obtained from participants in the Women's Interagency HIV Study who had concurrent plasma viral RNA levels <500 copies/mL, and we assessed factors associated with genital HIV shedding. The study was powered to determine the relative effects of antiretroviral protease inhibitors (PIs) versus nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) on viral RNA shedding. RESULTS: Overall, 44 (15%) of 290 women had detectable HIV-1 RNA in cervical specimens. In the final multivariate model, shedding was independently associated with NNRTI (vs. PI) use (odds ratio [OR], 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.24, 1.13 to 4.45) and illicit drug use (OR, 95% CI: 2.41, 0.96 to 5.69). CONCLUSIONS: This is the largest study to define risks for genit
10.1097/01.qai.0000248352.18007.1f
17106279
PMC3126662
Adult *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Cervix Uteri/*virology Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/virology HIV Protease Inhibitors/therapeutic use Humans RNA, Viral/*blood Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/therapeutic use Viremia/diagnosis/*physiopathology *Virus Shedding
Neely MN, Benning L, Xu J, Strickler HD, Greenblatt RM, Minkoff H, Young M, Bremer J, Levine AM, Kovacs A (2007). Cervical shedding of HIV-1 RNA among women with low levels of viremia while receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 44(1), 38-42. PMC3126662
Journal Article
The relationship between methamphetamine and popper use and risk of HIV seroconversion in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2007
5/1/2007
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17325605
BACKGROUND:: The association between methamphetamine use and HIV seroconversion for men who have sex with men (MSM) was examined using longitudinal data from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. METHODS:: Seronegative (n = 4003) men enrolled in 1984 to 1985, 1987 to 1991, and 2001 to 2003 were identified. Recent methamphetamine and popper use was determined at the current or previous visit. Time to HIV seroconversion was the outcome of interest. Covariates included race/ethnicity, cohort, study site, educational level, number of sexual partners, number of unprotected insertive anal sexual partners, number of unprotected receptive anal sexual partners, insertive rimming, cocaine use at the current or last visit, ecstasy use at the current or last visit, any needle use since the last visit, Center for Epidemiologic Study of Depression symptom checklist score >16 since the last visit, and alcohol consumption. RESULTS:: After adjusting for covariates, there was a 1.46 (95% confidence interva
10.1097/QAI.0b013e3180417c99
17325605
PMC3486782
AIDS alcohol Baltimore behavior Chicago cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Depression Disease drug use epidemiology health Hiv Human infectious diseases longitudinal longitudinal data Los Angeles MACS methods MSM multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study outcome Pittsburgh prevention Public Health Risk seroconversion seronegative sex sexual Sexual Partners sexual risk behavior study
Plankey MW, Ostrow DG, Stall R, Cox C, Li X, Peck JA, Jacobson LP (2007). The relationship between methamphetamine and popper use and risk of HIV seroconversion in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 45(1), 85-92. PMC3486782
Journal Article
Relation of stavudine discontinuation to anthropometric changes among HIV-infected women
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2007
1-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17091021
OBJECTIVE: To characterize changes in regional anthropometry associated with stavudine exposure and discontinuation. DESIGN: Seven hundred thirty-four HIV-infected participants who reported using stavudine (574 of whom later discontinued stavudine) and 698 HIV-uninfected participants from the Women's Interagency HIV Study provided anthropometrics at 8706 semiannual visits between July 1999 and March 2005. METHODS: Changes in weight, waist, chest, upper arm, hip, and midthigh circumferences were evaluated using linear regression with generalized estimating equations. RESULTS: HIV-uninfected women demonstrated increases in regional anthropometry at every body site, whereas HIV-infected women demonstrated decreases in weight and circumferences of the waist, chest, hip, and thigh. A smaller annual decrease in hip circumference was seen after discontinuing stavudine for >2.25 years compared with the decrease observed while on stavudine (P = 0.01). Discontinuing stavudine for >2.25 years was
10.1097/01.qai.0000248353.56125.43
17091021
Adult *Anthropometry Anti-HIV Agents/*administration & dosage/adverse effects Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/etiology/metabolism HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome/blood/chemically induced/pathology Hip/anatomy & histology Humans Stavudine/*administration & dosage/adverse effects
Tien PC, Schneider MF, Cole SR, Justman JE, French AL, Young M, DeHovitz J, Nathwani N, Brown TT (2007). Relation of stavudine discontinuation to anthropometric changes among HIV-infected women. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 44(1), 43-8.
Journal Article
Association between complementary and alternative medicine use and adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy in the Women's Interagency HIV Study
J Altern Complement Med
2007
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18166114
10.1089/acm.2007.0590
18166114
Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/psychology/*statistics & numerical data Complementary Therapies/*statistics & numerical data Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/epidemiology/psychology *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice Humans Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis Patient Compliance/*statistics & numerical data Quality of Life Social Support Women's Health
Liu C, Lerch V, Weber K, Schneider MF, Sharp GB, Gorapaju L, Sharma A, Levine A, Gandhi M, Merenstein D (2007). Association between complementary and alternative medicine use and adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. J Altern Complement Med, 13(10), 1053-6.
Journal Article
The generalizability of neurocognitive test/retest data derived from a nonclinical sample for detecting change among two HIV+ cohorts
J Clin Exp Neuropsychol
2007
Aug-07
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17691040
Objective methods for determining clinically relevant neurocognitive change are useful for clinicians and researchers, but the utility of such methods requires validation studies in order to assess their accuracy among target populations. We examined the generalizability of regression equations and reliable change indexes (RCI) derived from a healthy sample to two HIV-infected samples, one similar in demographic makeup to the normative group and the other dissimilar. Measures administered at baseline and follow-up included the Trail Making Test, Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT), Grooved Pegboard, and Digit Span. Frequencies of decline, improvement, or stability were determined for each measure. Among the demographically similar clinical cohort, elevated rates of decline among more immunologically impaired participants were indicated by simple regression method on measures of psychomotor speed and attention, while RCI addressing practice effects (RCI-PE) indicated improveme
10.1080/13803390600920471
17691040
PMC2863993
AIDS Attention change clinical cohort effects follow-up Los Angeles methods neurology population research study support
Levine AJ, Hinkin CH, Miller EN, Becker JT, Selnes OA, Cohen BA (2007). The generalizability of neurocognitive test/retest data derived from a nonclinical sample for detecting change among two HIV+ cohorts. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol, 29(6), 669-678. PMC2863993
Journal Article
Awareness of hepatitis C infection among women with and at risk for HIV
J Gen Intern Med
2007
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17924170
BACKGROUND: Treatment guidelines recommend all HIV/HCV-co-infected persons be considered for hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment, yet obstacles to testing and accessing treatment for HCV continue for women. OBJECTIVE: To assess awareness of HCV, and describe diagnostic referrals and HCV treatment among women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). DESIGN: Prospective epidemiologic cohort. PARTICIPANTS: Of 3,768 HIV-infected and uninfected women in WIHS, 1,166 (31%) were HCV antibody positive. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Awareness of HCV infection and probability of referrals for diagnostic evaluations and treatment using logistic regression. Follow-up HCV information was available for 681 (390 died, 15 withdrew, 80 missed visit) in 2004. Of these 681, 522 (76.7%) reported knowing their HCV diagnosis. Of these, 247 of 522 (47.3%) stated their providers recommended a liver biopsy, whereas 139 of 247 or 56.3% reported having a liver biopsy. A total of 170 of 522 (32.6%) reported bei
10.1007/s11606-007-0395-x
17924170
PMC2219830
Adult African Americans/education/psychology Comorbidity European Continental Ancestry Group/education/psychology Female HIV Infections/*epidemiology/ethnology/virology *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice *Healthcare Disparities Hepatitis C/*diagnosis/*epidemiology/ethnology/virology Hepatitis C Antibodies/blood Hispanic Americans/education/psychology Humans Middle Aged *Practice Patterns, Physicians' Prospective Studies Referral and Consultation/statistics & numerical data Risk Factors United States/epidemiology
Cohen MH, Grey D, Cook JA, Anastos K, Seaberg E, Augenbraun M, Burian P, Peters M, Young M, French A (2007). Awareness of hepatitis C infection among women with and at risk for HIV. J Gen Intern Med, 22(12), 1689-94. PMC2219830
Journal Article
HIV-1 infection is associated with an earlier occurrence of a phenotype related to frailty
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci
2007
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18000149
BACKGROUND: Older healthy and HIV-infected adults exhibit physiological similarities. Frailty is a clinical syndrome associated with aging that identifies a subset of older adults at high risk of mortality and other outcomes. We investigated whether HIV infection increases the prevalence of a frailty-related phenotype (FRP) that approximates a clinical definition of frailty. METHODS: We first defined the FRP and assessed its prevalence among HIV-uninfected men followed in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) between 1994 and 2004. Using repeated measurements logistic regression models, we then assessed the association between FRP and HIV infection before the era of highly active antiretroviral therapies, adjusting for covariates among HIV-uninfected (N = 1905) and incident HIV cases (N = 245). RESULTS: HIV infection was strongly associated with FRP prevalence. Compared to HIV-uninfected men of similar age, ethnicity and education, HIV-infected men were more likely to have the FRP f
10.1093/gerona/62.11.1279
18000149
Adult Aged *Frail Elderly HIV Infections/*physiopathology *hiv-1 Humans Male Middle Aged Phenotype Prevalence
Desquilbet L, Jacobson LP, Fried LP, Phair JP, Jamieson BD, Holloway M, Margolick JB; Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (2007). HIV-1 infection is associated with an earlier occurrence of a phenotype related to frailty. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 62(11), 1279-86.
Journal Article
FcgammaRIIa genotype predicts progression of HIV infection
J Immunol
2007
1-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18025239
Polymorphisms in FcgammaR genes are associated with susceptibility to or severity of a number of autoimmune and infectious diseases. We found that HIV-infected men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study with the FcgammaRIIa RR genotype progressed to a CD4(+) cell count of <200/mm(3) at a faster rate than individuals with the RH or HH genotypes (relative hazard = 1.6; p = 0.0001). However, progression to AIDS (using the broad definition of either a CD4(+) cell count <200/mm(3) or development of an AIDS-defining illness) was less impacted by FcgammaRIIa genotype, largely because HH homozygotes had an increased risk of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia as an AIDS-defining illness. We also showed that chronically infected subjects develop a substantial anti-gp120-specific IgG2 response. Moreover, HIV-1 immune complexes are more efficiently internalized by monocytes from HH subjects compared with RR subjects, likely because of the presence of IgG2 in the complexes. Finally, the FcgammaRIIIa F/V
10.4049/jimmunol.179.11.7916
18025239
Adult Antigens, CD/*genetics CD4 Lymphocyte Count CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/virology Cohort Studies Disease Progression Genotype HIV/immunology HIV Infections/*diagnosis/*genetics/immunology Humans Male Middle Aged Predictive Value of Tests Receptors, IgG/*genetics Risk Factors
Forthal DN, Landucci G, Bream J, Jacobson LP, Phan TB, Montoya B (2007). FcgammaRIIa genotype predicts progression of HIV infection. J Immunol, 179(11), 7916-23.
Journal Article
FcgRIIa genotype predicts progression of HIV infection
J Immunol
2007
12/1/2007
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18025239
Polymorphisms in FcgammaR genes are associated with susceptibility to or severity of a number of autoimmune and infectious diseases. We found that HIV-infected men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study with the FcgammaRIIa RR genotype progressed to a CD4(+) cell count of <200/mm(3) at a faster rate than individuals with the RH or HH genotypes (relative hazard = 1.6; p = 0.0001). However, progression to AIDS (using the broad definition of either a CD4(+) cell count <200/mm(3) or development of an AIDS-defining illness) was less impacted by FcgammaRIIa genotype, largely because HH homozygotes had an increased risk of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia as an AIDS-defining illness. We also showed that chronically infected subjects develop a substantial anti-gp120-specific IgG2 response. Moreover, HIV-1 immune complexes are more efficiently internalized by monocytes from HH subjects compared with RR subjects, likely because of the presence of IgG2 in the complexes. Finally, the FcgammaRIIIa F/V
10.4049/jimmunol.179.11.7916
18025239
AIDS Cell Count cohort Cohort Studies cohort study definition Disease Disease Progression Genotype Hiv HIV infection Hiv-1 Homozygote illness immune infection infectious diseases Kaposi's sarcoma Monocytes multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study pathogenesis pneumonia progression research response Risk study support
Forthal DN, Landucci G, Bream J, Jacobson LP, Phan TB, Montoya B (2007). FcgRIIa genotype predicts progression of HIV infection. J Immunol, 179(11), 7916-7923.
Journal Article
Development and implementation of a direct detection, quantitation and validation system for class I MHC self-peptide epitopes
J Immunol Methods
2007
10-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17134715
Gene and protein expression studies demonstrate that viral-infected and malignant cells undergo a complex series of transcriptional and translational changes. As class I MHC molecules reflect the proteome (and changes therein) by presenting intracellular peptide epitopes, the development of a direct discovery and validation technology for the identification of these epitopes is needed. We developed our technology using HIV-1-infected cells as a model. A combination of hollow fiber class I HLA protein production and mass spectrometric epitope analysis indicated a 3-fold increase in the host-peptide VLMTEDIKL(720-728), [eIF4G((720))] presented by the HLA-A*0201 of HIV-1-infected cells. This peptide is derived from the host-protein translation of eukaryotic initiation factor 4-gamma (eIF4G) that plays a pivotal role in cellular protein synthesis. Direct confirmation of expression of this self-encoded antigen was performed through development of a T cell receptor mimic (TCRm) monoclonal an
10.1016/j.jim.2006.09.019
17134715
Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology Antibody Specificity/immunology Antigen-Antibody Reactions/immunology Autoantigens/*analysis/immunology Binding, Competitive/immunology CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/virology Cell Line, Tumor Epithelial Cells/immunology Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/*analysis/immunology Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4G/immunology Flow Cytometry HIV-1/immunology HLA-A Antigens/immunology HLA-A2 Antigen Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/*immunology Humans Kinetics Mass Spectrometry Peptide Fragments/analysis/immunology Peptides/*analysis/immunology T-Lymphocytes/immunology/virology
Weidanz JA, Piazza P, Hickman-Miller H, Woodburn D, Nguyen T, Wahl A, Neethling F, Chiriva-Internati M, Rinaldo CR, Hildebrand WH (2007). Development and implementation of a direct detection, quantitation and validation system for class I MHC self-peptide epitopes. J Immunol Methods, 318(2-Jan), 47-58.
Journal Article
Isolated hepatitis B core antibody is associated with HIV and ongoing but not resolved hepatitis C virus infection in a cohort of US women
J Infect Dis
2007
15-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17436223
To characterize predictors of isolated hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and HIV-uninfected women, we compared 702 women with anti-HBc and hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) with 490 women with isolated anti-HBc (1.8% of whom had detectable hepatitis B virus [HBV] DNA). Factors independently associated with isolated anti-HBc without viremia were detectable hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA, HIV positivity, history of injection drug use, >10 lifetime sex partners, and HIV RNA level >100,000 copies/mL. Anti-HBs levels were lower among anti-HCV-positive women. Isolated anti-HBc was rarely explained by occult HBV in this cohort but may be explained by the influence of viral coinfections on anti-HBs level or durability.
10.1086/515578
17436223
PMC3133731
Adult Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/*complications/epidemiology Hepacivirus/isolation & purification Hepatitis B Antibodies/*blood Hepatitis B Core Antigens/*analysis/*immunology Hepatitis C/*complications/epidemiology Humans Prevalence Prospective Studies United States/epidemiology Viral Load
French AL, Operskalski E, Peters M, Strickler HD, Tien PC, Sharp GB, Glesby MJ, Young M, Augenbraun M, Seaberg E, Kovacs A (2007). Isolated hepatitis B core antibody is associated with HIV and ongoing but not resolved hepatitis C virus infection in a cohort of US women. J Infect Dis, 195(10), 1437-42. PMC3133731
Journal Article
Estimating the benefit of an HIV-1 vaccine that reduces viral load set point
J Infect Dis
2007
15-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17230414
Vaccines designed to induce cell-mediated immune responses against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 are being developed. Such vaccines are unlikely to provide sterilizing immunity but may be associated with reduced viral set points after infection. We modeled the potential impact of a vaccine that reduces viral set point after infection, using natural history data from 311 HIV-1 seroconverters. Log-normal parametric regression models were used to estimate the log median time to events of interest. Relative times were estimated for those with viral load set points of 30,000 copies/mL (reference group) versus those with lower viral set points. The time to key clinical events in the course of HIV-1 disease progression was significantly extended for those with viral set points 0.5-1.25 log(10) copies/mL lower than the reference group. By quantifying the anticipated clinical benefits associated with a reduction in viral set point, these findings support the use of virologic end points i
10.1086/510909
17230414
AIDS Vaccines/*immunology Cohort Studies Disease Progression HIV Infections/*immunology/therapy/*virology HIV-1/*immunology/*physiology Humans Male Regression Analysis Time Factors *Viral Load
Gupta SB, Jacobson LP, Margolick JB, Rinaldo CR, Phair JP, Jamieson BD, Mehrotra DV, Robertson MN, Straus WL (2007). Estimating the benefit of an HIV-1 vaccine that reduces viral load set point. J Infect Dis, 195(4), 546-50.
Journal Article
Good news for women living with HIV
J Infect Dis
2007
1-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17763315
10.1086/520821
17763315
Animals *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Disease Progression Female *HIV Infections/drug therapy/immunology/physiopathology/virology HIV-1/drug effects Humans Infant, Newborn Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention & control Mice Pregnancy *Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/drug therapy/immunology/physiopathology/virology
K. Anastos (2007). Good news for women living with HIV. J Infect Dis, 196(7), 971-3.
Journal Article
HIV-1 drug resistance in variants from the female genital tract and plasma
J Infect Dis
2007
15-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17230413
BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) drug-resistance mutations may arise in a fraction of viral variants, and these variants may differ between compartments, including the genital tract and blood. METHODS: We studied 14 women with detectable HIV-1 in both the genital tract and plasma despite antiretroviral treatment. We obtained HIV-1 RNA sequences from 280 unique viral variants and then determined the resistance genotype and the predicted phenotype (Virtual Phenotype; Virco BVBA) of each variant. RESULTS: Eight patients (57%) displayed mutations conferring high-level HIV-1 drug resistance. Although we observed differences in specific mutations among viral variants, 13 of the 14 women showed highly concordant HIV-1 genotypic and predicted phenotypic resistance patterns in the 2 compartments. In 1 patient, resistance mutations appeared only in plasma; all variants in her genital tract, which displayed a low viral load, were susceptible. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest
10.1086/510855
17230413
Adult Amino Acid Substitution Anti-HIV Agents/*pharmacology Drug Resistance, Viral/*genetics Female Genitalia, Female/*virology Genotype HIV Infections/drug therapy/*virology HIV Protease/genetics HIV Reverse Transcriptase/genetics HIV-1/classification/*drug effects/*genetics/isolation & purification Humans Middle Aged Molecular Sequence Data Mutation, Missense Phylogeny Plasma/virology RNA, Viral/genetics Sequence Analysis, DNA Sequence Homology
Kemal KS, Burger H, Mayers D, Anastos K, Foley B, Kitchen C, Huggins P, Schroeder T, Picchio G, Back S, Gao W, Meyer WA 3rd, Weiser B (2007). HIV-1 drug resistance in variants from the female genital tract and plasma. J Infect Dis, 195(4), 535-45.
Journal Article
Negative-strand hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from anti-HCV-positive/HIV-infected women
J Infect Dis
2007
1-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17152016
BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been reported to replicate in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), particularly in patients coinfected with HCV and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, there are limited data regarding the prevalence of and the factors associated with extrahepatic replication. METHODS: The presence of negative-strand HCV RNA in PBMCs was evaluated by a strand-specific assay for 144 anti-HCV-positive/HIV-infected women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. One to 5 PBMC samples obtained from each woman were tested. Multivariate analyses were used to assess for associations with the clinical and demographic characteristics of the women. RESULTS: Negative-strand HCV RNA was detected in 78 (25%) of 315 specimens, and, for 61 women (42%), > or = 1 specimen was found to have positive results. The presence of negative-strand HCV RNA in PBMCs was significantly positively associated with an HCV RNA plasma level of > or = 6.75 log copies/mL (P=.04)
10.1086/509897
17152016
PMC3319123
Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/*complications/virology Hepacivirus/genetics/*isolation & purification Hepatitis C/*immunology Humans Leukocytes, Mononuclear/*virology RNA, Viral/*blood/genetics/isolation & purification
Laskus T, Operskalski EA, Radkowski M, Wilkinson J, Mack WJ, deGiacomo M, Al-Harthi L, Chen Z, Xu J, Kovacs A (2007). Negative-strand hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from anti-HCV-positive/HIV-infected women. J Infect Dis, 195(1), 124-33. PMC3319123
Journal Article
Outcomes after treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia among women with HIV
J Low Genit Tract Dis
2007
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17415113
OBJECTIVE: To describe outcomes after treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in women with HIV. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Women in two prospective cohort studies, the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) and the HIV Epidemiology Research Study (HERS), were followed every 6 months after treatment of CIN using human papillomavirus (HPV) testing and cytology with colposcopy as indicated. Identification of CIN or a squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) within 6 months was defined as treatment failure and later disease as recurrence. RESULTS: Follow-up was available for 170 HIV-seropositive and 15 HIV-seronegative women. Treatment failed in 84 (45%) women (79 HIV seropositive and 5 HIV seronegative). Failure was more likely in women with lower CD4 counts (CD4 < 200 cells/microL: odds ratio [OR] = 2.96; 95% CI = 1.4-6.2) and detectable HPV DNA (OR 8.20; 95% CI = 1.8-37.4; p = .01). After successful treatment, recurrence-free probabilities at 1,2, 3, and 5 years were .79, .64, .49
10.1097/01.lgt.0000245038.06977.a7
17415113
Adult CD4 Lymphocyte Count Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/complications/pathology/*therapy/virology Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia/complications/pathology/*therapy/virology Cohort Studies Colposcopy DNA, Viral/isolation & purification Disease-Free Survival Female Follow-Up Studies HIV Infections/*complications/immunology HIV Seronegativity HIV Seropositivity/complications Humans Kaplan-Meier Estimate Middle Aged Odds Ratio Papillomaviridae/genetics Proportional Hazards Models Prospective Studies Recurrence Risk Assessment Time Factors Treatment Failure Treatment Outcome United States Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/complications/pathology/*therapy/virology
Massad LS, Fazzari MJ, Anastos K, Klein RS, Minkoff H, Jamieson DJ, Duerr A, Celentano D, Gange S, Cu-Uvin S, Young M, Watts DH, Levine AM, Schuman P, Harris TG, Strickler HD (2007). Outcomes after treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia among women with HIV. J Low Genit Tract Dis, 11(2), 90-7.
Journal Article
Analysis of standard methods for diagnosing vaginitis: HIV infection does not complicate the diagnosis of vaginitis
J Low Genit Tract Dis
2007
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17917568
OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine whether the standard diagnostic methods for vaginitis behave similarly among HIV-infected and at-risk seronegative women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed pairwise comparisons over time (1994-2003) for the different diagnostic methods for bacterial vaginosis (BV) (Nugent score and Amsel criteria), vulvovaginal candidiasis (potassium hydroxide smear and Pap smear), and trichomoniasis (culture, wet mount, and Pap smear) among HIV-infected and at-risk HIV seronegative women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study cohort. We stratified subjects by HIV status and among the HIV-infected women by CD4+ cell count strata. RESULTS: For BV and trichomoniasis, kappa statistics comparing clinical diagnostic methods to laboratory-based methods improved after the first year. Significant differences in overall kappa statistics between HIV-infected and at-risk HIV-seronegative women were found only for vulvovaginal candidiasis where potassium hydroxide smear and Pap sm
10.1097/LGT.0b013e318033dfed
17917568
Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal/*diagnosis/epidemiology Comorbidity Cytological Techniques Female HIV Infections/epidemiology Humans Incidence Matched-Pair Analysis Papanicolaou Test Sensitivity and Specificity Trichomonas Infections/*diagnosis/epidemiology Vaginal Smears Vaginosis, Bacterial/*diagnosis/epidemiology
Sha BE, Gawel SH, Hershow RC, Passaro D, Augenbraun M, Darragh TM, Stek A, Golub ET, Mph LC, Moxley MD, Weber KM, Watts DH (2007). Analysis of standard methods for diagnosing vaginitis: HIV infection does not complicate the diagnosis of vaginitis. J Low Genit Tract Dis, 11(4), 240-50.
Journal Article
Proton MRS and neuropsychological correlates in AIDS dementia complex: evidence of subcortical specificity
J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci
2007
Summer
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17827413
Few studies have described the metabolic substrates underlying neuropsychological performance in HIV infection or examined the specificity of these relationships. The authors performed magnetic resonance spectroscopic and neuropsychological evaluations on 61 patients with AIDS dementia complex (stages 1-3) and 39 HIV-positive neurologically asymptomatic individuals. N-acetylaspartate, a marker of mature neurons, choline and myoinositol, both markers of gliosis, and creatine, a reference marker, were measured in the basal ganglia, frontal white matter, and parietal cortex. The neuropsychological evaluation consisted of tests that measured gross and fine motor skills, psychomotor function, information processing speed, and verbal memory. The authors examined performance on individual subtests and an aggregate Z score based on eight subtests (NPZ-8), adjusted for age and education. The NPZ-8 was significantly higher in subjects with greater N-acetylaspartate/creatine in the frontal white
10.1176/jnp.2007.19.3.283
17827413
AIDS Dementia Complex/*diagnosis/*physiopathology Antiparkinson Agents/therapeutic use Aspartic Acid/analogs & derivatives/metabolism Basal Ganglia/drug effects/physiopathology Creatine/metabolism Female Humans *Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Male Memantine/therapeutic use Memory Motor Skills *Neuropsychological Tests *Protons Retrospective Studies Statistics, Nonparametric Verbal Behavior
Paul RH, Yiannoutsos CT, Miller EN, Chang L, Marra CM, Schifitto G, Ernst T, Singer E, Richards T, Jarvik GJ, Price R, Meyerhoff DJ, Kolson D, Ellis RJ, Gonzalez G, Lenkinski RE, Cohen RA, Navia BA (2007). Proton MRS and neuropsychological correlates in AIDS dementia complex: evidence of subcortical specificity. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci, 19(3), 283-92.
Journal Article
CCR5Delta32 protein expression and stability are critical for resistance to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in vivo
J Virol
2007
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17522201
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection of individuals carrying the two alleles of the CCR5Delta32 mutation (CCR5(-/-)) has rarely been reported, but how the virus overcomes the CCR5Delta32 protective effect in these cases has not been delineated. We have investigated this in 6 infected (HIV(+)) and 25 HIV(-) CCR5(-/-) individuals. CD4(+) T lymphocytes isolated from HIV(-) CCR5(-/-) peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) showed lower levels of CXCR4 expression that correlated with lower X4 Env-mediated fusion. Endogenous CCR5Delta32 protein was detected in all HIV(-) CCR5(-/-) PBMC samples (n = 25) but not in four of six unrelated HIV(+) CCR5(-/-) PBMC samples. Low levels were detected in another two HIV(+) CCR5(-/-) PBMC samples. The expression of adenovirus 5 (Ad5)-encoded CCR5Delta32 protein restored the protective effect in PBMCs from three HIV(+) CCR5(-/-) individuals but failed to restore the protective effect in PBMCs isolated from another three HIV(+) CCR5(-/-
10.1128/JVI.00068-07
17522201
PMC1951285
Alleles Gene Products, env/genetics/metabolism Genotype *HIV Infections HIV-1/*metabolism Humans Leukocytes, Mononuclear/cytology/metabolism Mutation Receptors, CCR5/genetics/*metabolism Receptors, CXCR4/genetics/metabolism Virus Internalization
Agrawal L, Jin Q, Altenburg J, Meyer L, Tubiana R, Theodorou I, Alkhatib G (2007). CCR5Delta32 protein expression and stability are critical for resistance to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in vivo. J Virol, 81(15), 8041-9. PMC1951285
Journal Article
Escape from the dominant HLA-B27-restricted cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response in Gag is associated with a dramatic reduction in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication
J Virol
2007
Nov-07
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17804494
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27-positive subjects are uncommon in their ability to control infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). However, late viral escape from a narrowly directed immunodominant Gag-specific CD8(+) T-lymphocyte (CTL) response has been linked to AIDS progression in these individuals. Identifying the mechanism of the immune-mediated control may provide critical insights into HIV-1 vaccine development. Here, we illustrate that the CTL escape mutation R(264)K in the HLA-B27-restricted KK10 epitope in the capsid resulted in a significant defect in viral replication in vitro. The R(264)K variant was impaired in generating late reverse transcription products, indicating that replication was blocked at a postentry step. Notably, the R(264)K mutation was associated in vivo with the development of a rare secondary mutation, S(173)A, which restored viral replication in vitro. Furthermore, infectivity of the R(264)K variant was rescued by the addition of c
10.1128/JVI.01543-07
17804494
PMC2169010
AIDS Amino Acid Sequence analysis Boston Capsid Cell Line control Cyclophilin A Cyclosporine cytotoxic Epitopes gag Gene Products,Human Immunodeficiency Virus genetics Hiv HIV infection HIV Infections Hiv-1 HLA-B27 Antigen Human human immunodeficiency virus Humans immunodeficiency Immunodominant Epitopes immunology In Vitro infection maintenance Molecular Sequence Data Mutation pharmacology physiology progression research response support T-Lymphocytes,Cytotoxic vaccine virus Virus Replication
Schneidewind A, Brockman MA, Yang R, Adam RI, Li B, Le Gall S, Rinaldo CR, Craggs SL, Allgaier RL, Power KA, Kuntzen T, Tung CS, LaBute MX, Mueller SM, Harrer T, McMichael AJ, Goulder PJ, Aiken C, Brander C, Kelleher AD, Allen TM (2007). Escape from the dominant HLA-B27-restricted cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response in Gag is associated with a dramatic reduction in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication. J Virol, 81(22), 12382-12393. PMC2169010
Journal Article
Genetic protection against hepatitis B virus conferred by CCR5Delta32: Evidence that CCR5 contributes to viral persistence
J Virol
2007
Jan-07
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17079285
Recovery from acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection requires a broad, vigorous T-cell response, which is enhanced in mice when chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) is missing. To test the hypothesis that production of a nonfunctional CCR5 (CCR5Delta32 [a functionally null allele containing a 32-bp deletion]) increases the likelihood of recovery from hepatitis B in humans, we studied 526 persons from three cohorts in which one person with HBV persistence was matched to two persons who recovered from an HBV infection. Recovery or persistence was determined prior to availability of lamivudine. We determined genotypes for CCR5Delta32 and for polymorphisms in the CCR5 promoter and in coding regions of the neighboring genes, chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) and chemokine receptor-like 2 (CCRL2). Allele and haplotype frequencies were compared among the 190 persons with viral recovery and the 336 with persistence by use of conditional logistic regression. CCR5Delta32 reduced the risk of developing a persi
10.1128/JVI.01897-06
17079285
PMC1797425
Adult Alleles Baltimore Case-Control Studies cohort deficiency Genetic Predisposition to Disease genetics Genotype hepatitis Hepatitis B Hepatitis B Virus Hepatitis B,Chronic Human human immunodeficiency virus Humans immune immune response immunodeficiency immunology infection Lamivudine Male Maryland Mice multicenter Multicenter Studies Odds Ratio outcome pathogenicity physiology Polymorphism,Genetic Receptors,CCR5 research response Risk study support t cell treatment virology virus
Thio CL, Astemborski J, Bashirova A, Mosbruger T, Greer S, Witt MD, Goedert JJ, Hilgartner M, Majeske A, O'Brien SJ, Thomas DL, Carrington M (2007). Genetic protection against hepatitis B virus conferred by CCR5Delta32: Evidence that CCR5 contributes to viral persistence. J Virol, 81(2), 441-445. PMC1797425
Journal Article
Contraceptive use among U.S. women with HIV
J Womens Health (Larchmt)
2007
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17627401
OBJECTIVE: To describe trends in and correlates of use of contraception and sterilization among women with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). METHODS: This was a longitudinal cohort study of HIV-infected and uninfected women at risk for pregnancy, including structured questions on contraceptive use every 6 months. Proportions of women using contraception were calculated. Multivariate generalized estimating equation models were applied, and correlates of use were determined using logistic regression. Sterilization was assessed using a Kaplan-Meyer plot. RESULTS: Across 26,832 visits among 2784 women from 1994 to 2005, barrier methods were used at 30.5%-36.3% of visits, sterilization at 21.8%-26.5%, hormones at <10%, and no contraception at >30%. Dual use of barrier and hormones or barrier and spermicide was uncommon. In multivariable analysis, HIV serostatus was not correlated with barrier use (OR 1.10, 95% CI 0.96-1.26, p = 0.18 compared with no method), but hormonal contraception
10.1089/jwh.2006.0204
17627401
Adult Cohort Studies Confidence Intervals Contraception/*statistics & numerical data Contraception Behavior/*statistics & numerical data Female HIV Infections/*epidemiology HIV Seronegativity HIV Seropositivity/epidemiology *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice Humans Longitudinal Studies Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis Odds Ratio Pregnancy Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology/*prevention & control Safe Sex/statistics & numerical data Surveys and Questionnaires United States/epidemiology Unsafe Sex/statistics & numerical data
Massad LS, Evans CT, Wilson TE, Golub ET, Sanchez-Keeland L, Minkoff H, Weber K, Watts DH (2007). Contraceptive use among U.S. women with HIV. J Womens Health (Larchmt), 16(5), 657-66.
Journal Article
Presenting plasma HIV RNA level and rate of CD4 T-cell decline
JAMA
2007
28-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17327518
10.1001/jama.297.8.805-a
17327518
*CD4 Lymphocyte Count Disease Progression HIV/genetics/*physiology HIV Infections/*immunology/virology HIV-1/physiology HIV-2/physiology Humans RNA, Viral/blood *Viral Load Virus Replication
Gottlieb GS, Hawes SE, Nickle DC, Herbeck JT, Kiviat NB, Mullins JI, Sow PS (2007). Presenting plasma HIV RNA level and rate of CD4 T-cell decline. JAMA, 297(8), 805; author reply 806-7.
Journal Article
Prognostic value of HIV-1 RNA, CD4 cell count, and CD4 Cell count slope for progression to AIDS and death in untreated HIV-1 infection
JAMA
2007
6-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17551128
10.1001/jama.297.21.2349
17551128
*Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome *CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Disease Progression HIV Infections/immunology/*mortality/virology *HIV-1/genetics/isolation & purification Humans Prognosis RNA, Viral/*blood Viral Load
Mellors JW, Margolick JB, Phair JP, Rinaldo CR, Detels R, Jacobson LP, Muñoz A (2007). Prognostic value of HIV-1 RNA, CD4 cell count, and CD4 Cell count slope for progression to AIDS and death in untreated HIV-1 infection. JAMA, 297(21), 2349-50.
Journal Article
Obesity and immune cell counts in women
Metabolism
2007
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17570264
Obesity is common in women and is associated with a number of adverse health outcomes including cardiovascular disease, infectious diseases, and cancer. We explore the relationship between obesity and immune cell counts in women in a longitudinal study of 322 women from 1999 through 2003 enrolled as HIV-negative comparators in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Body mass index (BMI, kg/m(2)) was categorized as normal weight (BMI 18.5-24.9), overweight (BMI 25-29.9), obese (BMI 30-34.9), and morbidly obese (BMI >/=35). CD4 and CD8 counts and percents and total lymphocyte and white blood cell (WBC) counts were measured annually using standardized techniques. A mixed model repeated measures analysis was performed using an autoregressive correlation matrix. At the index visit, 61% of women were African American; mean age was 35 years, and median BMI was 29 kg/m(2). Immunologic parameters were in the reference range (median CD4 count, 995 cells/mm(3); CD8 count, 488 cells/mm(3); total lymph
10.1016/j.metabol.2007.03.008
17570264
PMC1939725
Body Mass Index *CD4 Lymphocyte Count CD4-CD8 Ratio CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology Female Humans *Leukocyte Count Lymphocyte Count Obesity/*immunology
Womack J, Tien PC, Feldman J, Shin JH, Fennie K, Anastos K, Cohen MH, Bacon MC, Minkoff H (2007). Obesity and immune cell counts in women. Metabolism, 56(7), 998-1004. PMC1939725
Journal Article
Innate partnership of HLA-B and KIR3DL1 subtypes against HIV-1
Nat Genet
2007
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17496894
Allotypes of the natural killer (NK) cell receptor KIR3DL1 vary in both NK cell expression patterns and inhibitory capacity upon binding to their ligands, HLA-B Bw4 molecules, present on target cells. Using a sample size of over 1,500 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)+ individuals, we show that various distinct allelic combinations of the KIR3DL1 and HLA-B loci significantly and strongly influence both AIDS progression and plasma HIV RNA abundance in a consistent manner. These genetic data correlate very well with previously defined functional differences that distinguish KIR3DL1 allotypes. The various epistatic effects observed here for common, distinct KIR3DL1 and HLA-B Bw4 combinations are unprecedented with regard to any pair of genetic loci in human disease, and indicate that NK cells may have a critical role in the natural history of HIV infection.
10.1038/ng2035
17496894
PMC4135476
Alleles Cohort Studies Disease Progression HIV Infections/genetics/*immunology/metabolism HIV-1/*genetics HLA-B Antigens/genetics/immunology/*metabolism Humans Immunity, Innate Killer Cells, Natural/immunology RNA, Viral/blood/genetics Receptors, Immunologic/genetics/immunology/*metabolism Receptors, KIR Receptors, KIR3DL1 Viral Load
Martin MP, Qi Y, Gao X, Yamada E, Martin JN, Pereyra F, Colombo S, Brown EE, Shupert WL, Phair J, Goedert JJ, Buchbinder S, Kirk GD, Telenti A, Connors M, O'Brien SJ, Walker BD, Parham P, Deeks SG, McVicar DW, Carrington M (2007). Innate partnership of HLA-B and KIR3DL1 subtypes against HIV-1. Nat Genet, 39(6), 733-40. PMC4135476
Journal Article
HIV-1 over time: fitness loss or robustness gain?
Nat Rev Microbiol
2007
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17703224
10.1038/nrmicro1594-c1
17703224
Animals Evolution, Molecular HIV Infections/immunology/*virology HIV-1/genetics/*pathogenicity Humans Models, Theoretical Mutation Virulence
Rolland M, Brander C, Nickle DC, Herbeck JT, Gottlieb GS, Campbell MS, Maust BS, Mullins JI (2007). HIV-1 over time: fitness loss or robustness gain?. Nat Rev Microbiol, 5(9), C1.
Journal Article
HIV-related peripheral neuropathy and glucose dysmetabolism: study of a public dataset
Neuroepidemiology
2007
2007
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17940344
AIMS AND METHODS: The authors analyzed the public dataset of Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study to examine the association of glucose dysmetabolism with HIV-related peripheral neuropathy. RESULTS: Among 5,622 participants in the data, 282 (5%) had peripheral neuropathy, of which 225 had sensory neuropathy. Of 225 participants with sensory neuropathy, 191 (84.8%) had exposure to highly active antiretroviral therapy. Of 225 with sensory neuropathy, 46 had fasting sugars measured; 26 of them (56.5%) had either impaired fasting glucose (fasting glucose >or=110 mg/dl) or diabetes (fasting glucose >or=126 mg/dl). Among 693 participants without neuropathy, who had fasting sugars measured, 441 (63.7%) had glucose dysmetabolism (p = 0.33). The mean HbA(1c) levels in participants with sensory neuropathy (5.1 +/- 1.02, n = 51) were significantly higher than in those without sensory neuropathy (4.8 +/- 0.6, n = 164, p = 0.02), though its clinical relevance is unclear. Among 739 participants who had fas
10.1159/000109826
17940344
Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Cohort Studies Databases, Factual Feasibility Studies Female Glucose Metabolism Disorders/*epidemiology HIV Infections/*complications/drug therapy Humans Male Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/complications/*epidemiology/virology Pilot Projects
Sheth SG, Rao CV, Tselis A, Lewis RA (2007). HIV-related peripheral neuropathy and glucose dysmetabolism: study of a public dataset. Neuroepidemiology, 29(2-Jan), 121-4.
Journal Article
Longitudinally preserved psychomotor performance in long-term asymptomatic HIV-infected individuals
Neurology
2007
11-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17914066
BACKGROUND: Recent case reports have suggested that some asymptomatic HIV-infected individuals can develop CNS disturbances despite intact immunologic functioning and long-term suppression of plasma HIV concentrations to undetectable levels. This possibility has not yet been systematically studied longitudinally. METHODS: Using longitudinal data from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, we investigated neuropsychological performance in long-term asymptomatic HIV-infected men who have sex with men. Performance over a 5-year period on the Symbol Digit Modalities test and the Trail Making Tests were compared in three HIV-positive asymptomatic groups [defined as 1) highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) treated with undetectable viral loads (n = 83), 2) AIDS-free for more than 15 years without HAART (n = 29), and 3) absence of clinical AIDS or CD4(+) lymphocyte count below 200 cells/muL at the beginning and end of the study period (n = 233)] and in HIV-negative controls (n = 237). Data
10.1212/01.WNL.0000277520.94788.82
17914066
Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/trends Cohort Studies HIV Infections/blood/epidemiology/*psychology HIV Seropositivity/blood/diagnosis Humans Longitudinal Studies Male Middle Aged *Psychomotor Performance/physiology Time
Cole MA, Margolick JB, Cox C, Li X, Selnes OA, Martin EM, Becker JT, Aronow HA, Cohen B, Sacktor N, Miller EN; Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (2007). Longitudinally preserved psychomotor performance in long-term asymptomatic HIV-infected individuals. Neurology, 69(24), 2213-20.
Journal Article
A multicenter trial of selegiline transdermal system for HIV-associated cognitive impairment
Neurology
2007
25-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17652642
BACKGROUND: Cognitive impairment continues to be a significant neurologic complication of HIV infection and has been associated with oxidative stress-induced neuronal injury. Selegiline is an MAO-B inhibitor with antioxidant and neurotrophic properties. This rationale has led to the design and implementation of this Selegiline Transdermal System (STS) study with the primary aims of assessing safety and tolerability of STS as well as improvement in cognitive performance. METHODS: HIV-1 infected individuals with impaired cognitive functioning were enrolled in this placebo-controlled, three-arm study of STS across 17 sites. Cognitive impairment was determined using a standard battery of neuropsychological tests. Subjects were randomized to receive STS 3 mg/24 hours, STS 6 mg/24 hours, or matching placebo patches daily. The primary efficacy endpoint was defined as the change in neuropsychological composite Z-score (NPZ-6) from baseline to week 24. Measures of safety included frequencies of
10.1212/01.wnl.0000268487.78753.0f
17652642
AIDS Dementia Complex/diagnosis/*drug therapy/psychology Adult Aged Antioxidants/*administration & dosage Brain/drug effects/physiopathology/virology Cytoprotection/*drug effects/physiology Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nerve Degeneration/drug therapy/prevention & control/virology Neuroprotective Agents/*administration & dosage/adverse effects Neuropsychological Tests Placebos Selegiline/*administration & dosage/adverse effects Treatment Failure
Schifitto G, Zhang J, Evans SR, Sacktor N, Simpson D, Millar LL, Hung VL, Miller EN, Smith E, Ellis RJ, Valcour V, Singer E, Marra CM, Kolson D, Weihe J, Remmel R, Katzenstein D, Clifford DB; ACTG A5090 Team (2007). A multicenter trial of selegiline transdermal system for HIV-associated cognitive impairment. Neurology, 69(13), 1314-21.
Journal Article
Polymorphisms of CUL5 are associated with CD4+ T cell loss in HIV-1 infected individuals
PLoS Genet
2007
26-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17257057
Human apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3 (Apobec3) antiretroviral factors cause hypermutation of proviral DNA leading to degradation or replication-incompetent HIV-1. However, HIV-1 viral infectivity factor (Vif) suppresses Apobec3 activity through the Cullin 5-Elongin B-Elongin C E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. We examined the effect of genetic polymorphisms in the CUL5 gene (encoding Cullin 5 protein) on AIDS disease progression in five HIV-1 longitudinal cohorts. A total of 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spanning 93 kb in the CUL5 locus were genotyped and their haplotypes inferred. A phylogenetic network analysis revealed that CUL5 haplotypes were grouped into two clusters of evolutionarily related haplotypes. Cox survival analysis and mixed effects models were used to assess time to AIDS outcomes and CD4(+) T cell trajectories, respectively. Relative to cluster I haplotypes, the collective cluster II haplotypes were associated with more rapid
10.1371/journal.pgen.0030019
17257057
PMC1781497
African Americans Base Sequence CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*cytology Cohort Studies Cullin Proteins/*genetics DNA Primers HIV Infections/*immunology Hiv-1 Haplotypes Humans Linkage Disequilibrium Longitudinal Studies *Lymphocyte Depletion Multigene Family *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
An P, Duggal P, Wang LH, O'Brien SJ, Donfield S, Goedert JJ, Phair J, Buchbinder S, Kirk GD, Winkler CA (2007). Polymorphisms of CUL5 are associated with CD4+ T cell loss in HIV-1 infected individuals. PLoS Genet, 3(1), e19. PMC1781497
Journal Article
Regulatory polymorphisms in the cyclophilin A gene, PPIA, accelerate progression to AIDS
PLoS Pathog
2007
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17590083
Human cyclophilin A, or CypA, encoded by the gene peptidyl prolyl isomerase A (PPIA), is incorporated into the HIV type 1 (HIV-1) virion and promotes HIV-1 infectivity by facilitating virus uncoating. We examined the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes within the PPIA gene on HIV-1 infection and disease progression in five HIV-1 longitudinal history cohorts. Kaplan-Meier survival statistics and Cox proportional hazards model were used to assess time to AIDS outcomes. Among eight SNPs tested, two promoter SNPs (SNP3 and SNP4) in perfect linkage disequilibrium were associated with more rapid CD4(+) T-cell loss (relative hazard = 3.7, p = 0.003) in African Americans. Among European Americans, these alleles were also associated with a significant trend to more rapid progression to AIDS in a multi-point categorical analysis (p = 0.005). Both SNPs showed differential nuclear protein-binding efficiencies in a gel shift assay. In addition, one SNP (SNP5) located in
10.1371/journal.ppat.0030088
17590083
PMC1894826
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*etiology/genetics/immunology Base Sequence CD4 Lymphocyte Count Carrier Proteins/genetics Cyclophilin A/*genetics Disease Progression Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay Genetic Predisposition to Disease *hiv-1 Haplotypes Humans Linkage Disequilibrium Molecular Sequence Data *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
An P, Wang LH, Hutcheson-Dilks H, Nelson G, Donfield S, Goedert JJ, Rinaldo CR, Buchbinder S, Kirk GD, O'Brien SJ, Winkler CA (2007). Regulatory polymorphisms in the cyclophilin A gene, PPIA, accelerate progression to AIDS. PLoS Pathog, 3(6), e88. PMC1894826
Journal Article
Macrolide use and the risk of vascular disease in HIV-infected men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
Sex Health
2007
Jun-07
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17524289
BACKGROUND: There has been increasing concern that HIV-infected individuals may be more at risk for cardiovascular events in the highly-active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era. This study examined the risk of thromboembolic events in HIV-infected and non-infected individuals and the effect of macrolide prophylaxis on those outcomes. METHODS: A subcohort analysis was undertaken using data collected in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study to examine the relative risk of vascular events (myocardial infarction, unstable angina and ischaemic stroke). Cox proportional hazard model using age as the time scale with time varying cofactors obtained at each semi-annual visit were used to assess the independent effect of macrolide use. RESULTS: Controlling for other significant effects including race and smoking, HIV-infection was not independently associated with vascular events. Increased risk was observed among those who used HAART (relative hazard 1.09, 95% confidence intervals 1.00-1.19 in mul
10.1071/sh06052
17524289
age AIDS analysis antiretroviral therapy Australia cofactors cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Confidence Intervals Disease effects HAART HIV infection infectious diseases methods model multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Myocardial Infarction outcome pathogenesis prophylaxis research Risk Risk Factors Smoking study support therapies therapy treatment
Woolley IJ, Li X, Jacobson LP, Palella FJ, Ostergaard L (2007). Macrolide use and the risk of vascular disease in HIV-infected men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Sex Health, 4(2), 111-119.
Journal Article
Parametric survival analysis and taxonomy of hazard functions for the generalized gamma distribution
Stat Med
2007
15-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17342754
The widely used Cox proportional hazards regression model for the analysis of censored survival data has limited utility when either hazard functions themselves are of primary interest, or when relative times instead of relative hazards are the relevant measures of association. Parametric regression models are an attractive option in situations such as this, although the choice of a particular model from the available families of distributions can be problematic. The generalized gamma (GG) distribution is an extensive family that contains nearly all of the most commonly used distributions, including the exponential, Weibull, log normal and gamma. More importantly, the GG family includes all four of the most common types of hazard function: monotonically increasing and decreasing, as well as bathtub and arc-shaped hazards. We present here a taxonomy of the hazard functions of the GG family, which includes various special distributions and allows depiction of effects of exposures on haza
10.1002/sim.2836
17342754
*Classification Cohort Studies Data Interpretation, Statistical Female HIV Infections Humans Interviews as Topic Male Multicenter Studies as Topic *Proportional Hazards Models *Survival Analysis United States
Cox C, Chu H, Schneider MF, Muñoz A (2007). Parametric survival analysis and taxonomy of hazard functions for the generalized gamma distribution. Stat Med, 26(23), 4352-74.
Journal Article
Alcohol, tobacco, and drug use among gay and bisexual men
Unequal Opportunities: Health Disparities Affecting Gay and Bisexual Men in the United States
2007
alcohol bisexual bisexual men drug use health United States
Book Section
Antiviral activity of a Rac GEF inhibitor characterized with a sensitive HIV/SIV fusion assay
Virology
2007
10-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17640696
A virus-dependent fusion assay was utilized to examine the activity of a panel of HIV-1, -2, and SIV isolates of distinct coreceptor phenotypes. This assay allowed identification of entry inhibitors, and characterization of an antagonist of a Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor, as an inhibitor of HIV-mediated fusion.
10.1016/j.virol.2007.06.022
17640696
PMC2174213
Cell Line Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors/*antagonists & inhibitors HIV Fusion Inhibitors/*pharmacology HIV-1/*drug effects HIV-2/*drug effects Humans Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/*drug effects Virus Internalization/drug effects rac GTP-Binding Proteins/*antagonists & inhibitors
Pontow S, Harmon B, Campbell N, Ratner L (2007). Antiviral activity of a Rac GEF inhibitor characterized with a sensitive HIV/SIV fusion assay. Virology, 368(1), 6-Jan. PMC2174213
Journal Article
Human papillomavirus types among women infected with HIV: a meta-analysis
AIDS
2006
28-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17117020
BACKGROUND: HIV-positive women have a high prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and are infected with a broader range of HPV types than HIV-negative women. It is not known to what extent these different types are associated with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) and cancer. METHODS: Meta-analysis of HPV type-specific prevalence among HIV-positive women, stratified by geographical region and by cervical cytology: normal, atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance/low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (ASCUS/LSIL) or HSIL. RESULTS: In 20 studies, 5578 HIV-positive women were identified, largely from North America but also Africa, Asia, Europe and South/Central America. For 3230 with no cytological abnormalities, prevalence was 36.3% for any HPV and 11.9% for multiple HPV types. The six most common high-risk HPV types were 16 (4.5%), 58 (3.6%), 18 (3.1%), 52 (2.8%), 31 (2.0%) and 33 (2.0%). HPV16 was also the most common type in 2053 HIV-posit
10.1097/01.aids.0000253361.63578.14
17117020
Africa/epidemiology Americas/epidemiology Asia/epidemiology Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/complications/epidemiology/virology Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia/complications/epidemiology/virology Europe/epidemiology Female HIV Seropositivity/complications/*epidemiology/virology Humans Papillomavirus Infections/complications/*epidemiology Precancerous Conditions/complications/epidemiology/virology Prevalence Risk Factors Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/complications/*epidemiology/virology
G. M. G. Clifford, M. A., Franceschi, S., Hpv,, H. I. V. Study Group (2006). Human papillomavirus types among women infected with HIV: a meta-analysis. AIDS, 20(18), 2337-44.
Journal Article
Characteristics of drug resistant HBV in an international collaborative study of HIV-HBV-infected individuals on extended lamivudine therapy
AIDS
2006
4-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16549970
BACKGROUND: Little is known about the prevalence and pattern of hepatitis B virus (HBV) mutations in HIV/HBV co-infected individuals on long-term lamivudine (3TC) therapy. METHODS: HBV polymerase/envelope/basal core promoter/pre-core sequences from 81 HIV-HBV co-infected persons who received at least 6 months 3TC were compared to HBV reference sequences. Host and viral characteristics associated with HBV mutations were determined. RESULTS: HBV viraemia was detected in 53 persons (65%) and was associated with lower CD4 cell count nadir and higher HIV RNA at the time of testing but not with 3TC duration. Known 3TC-resistant mutations occurred in 50% and 94% of viremic patients with < 2 years and > 4 years 3TC, respectively. The CD4 cell count at testing was significantly higher in those with 3TC-resistant mutations. The triple polymerase mutant (rtL173V, rtL180M, rtM204V), which behaves as a vaccine escape mutant in vitro, occurred in 17% of viraemic patients. Polymerase mutations that m
10.1097/01.aids.0000218550.85081.59
16549970
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active CD4 Lymphocyte Count Drug Resistance, Viral/genetics Genes, pol/genetics HIV Infections/*complications/drug therapy/immunology Hepatitis B/*complications/drug therapy/virology Hepatitis B virus/*drug effects/genetics/isolation & purification Humans Immune Tolerance Lamivudine/*therapeutic use Male Middle Aged Mutation Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/therapeutic use Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics Viral Load Viremia/virology
G. V. B. Matthews, A., Locarnini, S., Ayres, A., Sasaduesz, J., Seaberg, E., Cooper, D. A., Lewin, S., Dore, G. J., Thio, C. L. (2006). Characteristics of drug resistant HBV in an international collaborative study of HIV-HBV-infected individuals on extended lamivudine therapy. AIDS, 20(6), 863-70.
Journal Article
Effectiveness of highly-active antiretroviral therapy by race/ethnicity
AIDS
2006
13-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16847408
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of HAART by race/ethnicity. DESIGN: Prospective multicenter cohort study. METHODS: We studied 991 African-Americans and 911 European-Americans enrolled in the United States Military's Tri-Service AIDS Clinical Consortium Natural History Study who had dates of HIV seroconversion known within 5 years and followed between 1990 and 2002. We determined the rate of disease progression to AIDS and death for subjects in this cohort. Multivariable models evaluated race, pre-HAART (1990-1995) and HAART (1996-2002) eras, age, gender and military service. RESULTS: In the pre-HAART era, African-Americans had a statistically nonsignificant trend towards better outcomes: the relative hazards (RH) of AIDS and death for African-Americans compared to European-Americans were 0.85 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.68-1.05] and 0.77 (95% CI, 0.55-1.08), respectively. In the HAART era, outcomes were similar by race: 1.17 (95% CI, 0.86-1.61) for AIDS and 1.11 (95% CI,
10.1097/01.aids.0000237369.41617.0f
16847408
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/ethnology Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/ethnology Adult African Americans *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active CD4 Lymphocyte Count Disease Progression Epidemiologic Methods European Continental Ancestry Group Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*ethnology HIV Seropositivity/ethnology *hiv-1 Humans Male Military Personnel Treatment Outcome United States/epidemiology
M. J. W. Silverberg, S. A., Milazzo, M. J., McKaig, R. G., Williams, C. F., Agan, B. K., Armstrong, A. W., Gange, S. J., Hawkes, C., O'Connell, R. J., Ahuja, S. K., Dolan, M. J., Tri-Service, Aids Clinical Consortium Natural History Study Group (2006). Effectiveness of highly-active antiretroviral therapy by race/ethnicity. AIDS, 20(11), 1531-8.
Journal Article
Herpes simplex virus infection in women in the WIHS: epidemiology and effect of antiretroviral therapy on clinical manifestations
AIDS
2006
24-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16603858
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of infection with herpes simplex virus types 1 (HSV-1) and 2 (HSV-2) among women with and at high risk for HIV infection, and to evaluate the effect of HAART on the recurrence of genital lesions. METHODS: We evaluated the epidemiology and clinical manifestations associated with HSV-1 and HSV-2 among 1796 HIV-infected and 476 HIV-uninfected women enrolled in a multisite cohort study. Serum antibodies to HSV-1 and HSV-2 at baseline and self-reported history of genital herpes, reports of recent genital sores and presence of genital ulcers on examination, and use of HAART regimen at each study visit were analyzed. RESULTS: Reactivity to HSV-1 only and HSV-2 only was detected in 18% and 20% of HIV-infected, and in 28% and 18% of HIV-uninfected participants respectively; 58% of HIV-infected women and 45% of HIV-uninfected women were seropositive for both HSV types. Reactivity to HSV-2 was associated with increasing age, more male sexual partners, earlie
10.1097/01.aids.0000222078.75867.77
16603858
Adolescent Adult Antibodies, Viral/analysis Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*methods CD4 Lymphocyte Count Female HIV Infections/drug therapy/*epidemiology/ethnology HIV-1/*immunology Herpes Genitalis/*epidemiology/ethnology/immunology Herpesvirus 1, Human/immunology Herpesvirus 2, Human/immunology Humans Male Middle Aged Prevalence Prospective Studies Sexual Behavior Sexual Partners Socioeconomic Factors Ulcer/epidemiology/ethnology/immunology United States/epidemiology
N. B. Ameli, P., Morrow, R. A., Hessol, N. A., Wilkin, T., Young, M., Cohen, M., Minkoff, H., Gange, S. J., Greenblatt, R. M. (2006). Herpes simplex virus infection in women in the WIHS: epidemiology and effect of antiretroviral therapy on clinical manifestations. AIDS, 20(7), 1051-8.
Journal Article
Cohort- and time-specific associations of CTLA4 genotypes with HIV-1 disease progression
AIDS
2006
1-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16868438
BACKGROUND: CTLA4 in the chromosome 2q33 region encodes cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) associated antigen 4, which downregulates CTL responses. We examined the relationships between common CTLA4 variants and several outcomes of HIV-1 infection in adults and adolescents. METHODS: We studied 765 HIV-1-infected persons: 558 Caucasian seroconverters from three cohorts (MACS, ACS, and DCG) and 207 infected adolescents (mostly female) from another cohort (REACH) of mixed ethnicity. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in CTLA4 promoter (-1147C/T, -658C/T, -318C/T), coding sequence (49A/G) and the 3' untranslated region (CT60A/G) were resolved by PCR-based techniques. Repeated measures and survival analyses were used to test allelic and haplotypic associations with HIV-1 viral load (VL) and time to AIDS, respectively. RESULTS: Individuals carrying -318T or the (-1147) T-(-318) T haplotype had elevated HIV-1 VL in MACS and REACH but reduced VL in DCG and ACS participants. Time-dependent associations
10.1097/01.aids.0000238403.08497.3f
16868438
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/genetics/immunology Adolescent Adult Antigens, CD Antigens, Differentiation/*genetics/immunology CD4 Lymphocyte Count CTLA-4 Antigen Cohort Studies Disease Progression Female Genotype HIV Infections/*genetics/immunology HIV-1/*genetics/immunology Haplotypes/genetics Humans Immunosuppressive Agents/*immunology Male Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics Viral Load
W. L. Shao, A., Dorak, M. T., Penman-Aguilar, A., Wilson, C. M., Margolick, J. B., Goedert, J. J., Prins, M., Tang, J., Kaslow, R. A. (2006). Cohort- and time-specific associations of CTLA4 genotypes with HIV-1 disease progression. AIDS, 20(12), 1583-90.
Journal Article
Effects of treated and untreated depressive symptoms on highly active antiretroviral therapy use in a US multi-site cohort of HIV-positive women
AIDS Care
2006
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16338766
This study examines the effects of treated and untreated depressive symptoms on the likelihood of utilization of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) among a multi-site cohort of HIV-infected women who screened positive for probable depression. Data were collected biannually from 1996 through 2001 in a prospective cohort study. Random-effects regression analysis was used to estimate the longitudinal effects of mental health treatment on the probability of HAART utilization, controlling for clinical indicators (CD4 count, viral load), demographic features (race/ethnicity, income), and behavioural factors (recent crack, cocaine, or heroin use). Use of antidepressants plus mental health therapy, or use of mental health therapy alone significantly increased the probability of HAART utilization, compared to receiving no depression treatment. Use of antidepressants alone did not differ significantly from receiving no depression treatment. African American women and those who used cra
10.1080/09540120500159284
16338766
Adolescent Adult Aged Analysis of Variance Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*psychology Cohort Studies Counseling Depression/*therapy Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/psychology Humans Mental Health Services/statistics & numerical data Middle Aged Patient Compliance/*statistics & numerical data Prospective Studies Regression Analysis Self Disclosure United States
J. A. G. Cook, D., Burke-Miller, J., Cohen, M. H., Anastos, K., Gandhi, M., Richardson, J., Wilson, T., Young, M. (2006). Effects of treated and untreated depressive symptoms on highly active antiretroviral therapy use in a US multi-site cohort of HIV-positive women. AIDS Care, 18(2), 93-100.
Journal Article
Factors associated with poor immunologic response to virologic suppression by highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected women
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2006
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16545008
Virologic response to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) typically results in a substantial rise in CD4 cell counts. We investigated factors associated with poor CD4 response among HIV-infected women followed at 6-monthly intervals in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Women with nadir CD4 counts < 350 cells/mm3 who achieved at least 6 months of plasma HIV RNA < 400 copies/ml were studied. Demographic, clinical, and treatment factors were compared between immunologic nonresponders, defined as the lower quartile of CD4 count change after two visits with virologic suppression (< 56 cell/mm3; n = 38), and the remaining group of responders (n = 115). Immunologic nonresponders had lower baseline HIV RNA levels and higher CD4 counts, more frequently used HAART 6 months prior to achieving consistent viral suppression, and more commonly had HIV RNA levels > 80 but < 400 copies/mL at both suppressive visits (21 vs. 7.8%, p = 0.024). In multivariate analysis, higher CD4 count and lower
10.1089/aid.2006.22.222
16545008
PMC3126664
Adult *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active CD4 Lymphocyte Count CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes Cohort Studies Female Follow-Up Studies HIV Infections/*drug therapy/virology HIV-1/*drug effects Humans Multicenter Studies as Topic Multivariate Analysis Prospective Studies RNA, Viral/blood Time Factors Treatment Outcome United States/epidemiology Viral Load
C. M. H. Vaamonde, D. R., Anastos, K., Tan, T., Shi, Q., Gao, W., Kovacs, A., Cohen, M., DeHovitz, J., Glesby, M. J. (2006). Factors associated with poor immunologic response to virologic suppression by highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected women. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 22(3), 222-31. PMC3126664
Journal Article
Longitudinal assessment of de novo T cell production in relation to HIV-associated T cell homeostasis failure
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2006
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16796525
Loss of circulating CD4+ T cells in HIV-1 disease is balanced by CD8+ lymphocytosis to maintain normal CD3+ T cell counts [blind T cell homeostasis (TCH)]. However, for unknown reasons TCH generally fails 1.5-2.5 years before clinically defined AIDS. We investigated whether TCH failure was associated with changes in thymic production of T cells. Using specimens stored prospectively in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), we measured expression of signal-joint T cell receptor excision circles (sjTRECs), a marker for thymic T cell production, and the fraction of proliferating naive and memory T cells during a 6-8 year period bracketing TCH failure. Segmented regression modeling assessed (1) rates of change in TREC levels before and after TCH failure, and (2) whether these were affected by cellular proliferation, which may dilute sjTREC levels. TCH failure was associated with a large decline in sjTREC (median 1109-fold, p = 0.028); the rate of this decline was only slightly affected
10.1089/aid.2006.22.501
16796525
PMC2365916
CD3 Complex/*metabolism Cohort Studies HIV Infections/immunology/*physiopathology HIV-1/pathogenicity Homeostasis/*immunology Humans Immunologic Memory Lymphocyte Activation Male Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism T-Lymphocytes/cytology/*immunology Thymus Gland/cytology/physiopathology Time Factors
P. K. D. Chattopadhyay, D. C., Gange, S. J., Chadwick, K. R., Hellerstein, M., Margolick, J. B. (2006). Longitudinal assessment of de novo T cell production in relation to HIV-associated T cell homeostasis failure. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 22(6), 501-7. PMC2365916
Journal Article
Activation of HIV type 1 specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes from semen by HIV type 1 antigen-presenting dendritic cells and IL-12
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2006
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16438651
Seminal HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) could provide an important immune defense against local HIV-1 infection, and be important in impeding the spread of HIV-1 infection. In this study, we demonstrate that autologous blood-derived dendritic cells (DCs) loaded in vitro with synthetic HIV-1 peptides representing known CTL epitopes activated HLA class I restricted, anti-HIV-1 CTLs and interferon gamma responses in seminal CD8+ T cells from subjects with chronic HIV-1 infection on antiretroviral therapy. CTLs specific for the same HLA-restricted epitopes were detected in semen and blood of the same individuals by stimulation with peptide-loaded DCs. Anti-HIV-1 CTL responses from semen were enhanced by stimulation with DCs loaded with HIV-1 peptides and interleukin 12. Our results suggest that blood-derived DCs have HIV-1 antigen-presenting capacity for seminal CTL in HIV-1-infected subjects. The DC-T cell system can serve as a model for immunotherapy of HIV-1 infection in t
10.1089/aid.2006.22.93
16438651
Antigen-Presenting Cells/*immunology Dendritic Cells/*immunology/virology HIV Infections/immunology/physiopathology HIV-1/*immunology Humans Interleukin-12/metabolism/*pharmacology Lymphocyte Activation/*drug effects/immunology Male Semen/*cytology/immunology T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*immunology/virology
X. L. F. Huang, Z., Gupta, P., Rinaldo, C. R., Jr. (2006). Activation of HIV type 1 specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes from semen by HIV type 1 antigen-presenting dendritic cells and IL-12. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 22(1), 93-8.
Journal Article
Assessing the effect of HAART on change in quality of life among HIV-infected women
AIDS Res Ther
2006
20-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16549012
BACKGROUND: The impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on health-related quality of life (QOL) of HIV-1 infected individuals in large prospective cohorts has not been well studied. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of HAART on QOL by comparing HIV-infected women using HAART with HIV-infected women remaining HAART naive in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), a multicenter prospective cohort study begun in 1994 in the US. METHODS: A 1:1 matching with equivalent (<or= 0.1%) propensity scores for predicting HAART initiation was implemented and 458 pairs were obtained. HAART effects were assessed using pattern mixture models. The changes of nine QOL domain scores and one summary score derived from a shortened version of the MOS-HIV from initial values were used as study outcomes. RESULTS: The background covariates of the treatment groups were well-balanced after propensity score matching. The 916 matched subjects had a mean age of 38.5 years and 42% had a history of AIDS
10.1186/1742-6405-3-6
16549012
PMC1459186
C. W. Liu, K., Robison, E., Hu, Z., Jacobson, L. P., Gange, S. J. (2006). Assessing the effect of HAART on change in quality of life among HIV-infected women. AIDS Res Ther, 3(), 6. PMC1459186
Journal Article
Smoking and time to clearance of human papillomavirus infection in HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative women
Am J Epidemiol
2006
15-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16775041
Persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection seems central to cervical carcinogenesis. Smoking is associated with cervical cancer in HPV DNA-positive women, but its association with HPV persistence is unclear, particularly with respect to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) serostatus. The authors evaluated smoking and HPV clearance by HIV serostatus among 801 women from the HIV Epidemiology Research Study (United States, 1993-2000). Type-specific HPV duration was defined as the interval between initial MY09/11 polymerase chain reaction positivity and the first of two consecutive HPV-negative study visits. Hazard ratios adjusted for study site and risk behaviors (sexual activity or injection drug use) were estimated using Cox regression. This analysis included 522 HIV-seropositive and 279 HIV-seronegative women (median follow-up, 4.4 years). Ever smoking was associated with reduced clearance of high-risk HPV in HIV-seronegative women (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.51, 95% confidence interval
10.1093/aje/kwj165
16775041
Adult Female *HIV Seronegativity *HIV Seropositivity Humans Papillomaviridae/*isolation & purification Papillomavirus Infections/*epidemiology Polymerase Chain Reaction Proportional Hazards Models Risk Factors Smoking/*epidemiology United States/epidemiology
J. S. Koshiol, J., Jamieson, D. J., Marshall, S. W., Duerr, A., Heilig, C. M., Shah, K. V., Klein, R. S., Cu-Uvin, S., Schuman, P., Celentano, D., Smith, J. S. (2006). Smoking and time to clearance of human papillomavirus infection in HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative women. Am J Epidemiol, 164(2), 176-83.
Journal Article
Effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on multiple AIDS-defining illnesses among male HIV seroconverters
Am J Epidemiol
2006
15-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16371516
The effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on multiple acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining illnesses remains unclear. Between 1984 and 2005, 573 male human immunodeficiency virus seroconverters in four US urban centers were followed for a median of 9.7 years. During follow-up, 345, 113, 50, and 65 men incurred 0, 1, 2, and >2 AIDS-defining illnesses, respectively. The authors extend the Cox proportional hazards model to determine whether the effect of HAART, as measured by calendar periods, persists beyond the first AIDS-defining illness. After adjustment for race and age at seroconversion, the hazards of a first through third AIDS-defining illness in the HAART calendar period (beyond July 1995) were 0.31 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.21, 0.46), 0.39 (95% CI: 0.22, 0.74), and 0.33 (95% CI: 0.14, 0.79), respectively, relative to the monotherapy and combination therapy reference calendar period (January 1990-July 1995) and therefore did not attenuate wit
10.1093/aje/kwj045
16371516
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*epidemiology/*prevention & control Adult *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Follow-Up Studies HIV Infections/blood/*drug therapy/physiopathology HIV Seropositivity/*blood HIV-1/*drug effects Humans Male Outcome Assessment, Health Care Proportional Hazards Models Prospective Studies Survival Analysis Time Factors United States/epidemiology
L. E. C. Cain, S. R., Chmiel, J. S., Margolick, J. B., Rinaldo, C. R., Jr., Detels, R. (2006). Effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on multiple AIDS-defining illnesses among male HIV seroconverters. Am J Epidemiol, 163(4), 310-5.
Journal Article
Genetic variation in the CCL18-CCL3-CCL4 chemokine gene cluster influences HIV Type 1 transmission and AIDS disease progression
Am J Hum Genet
2006
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16773571
CCL3 (MIP-1 alpha), CCL4 (MIP-1 beta), and CCL18 (DC-CK1/PARC/AMAC-1) are potent chemoattractants produced by macrophages, natural killer cells, fibroblasts, mast cells, CD4(+) T cells, and CD8(+) T cells. CCL3 and CCL4 are natural ligands for the primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) coreceptor CCR5 and are also known to activate and enhance the cytotoxicity of natural killer cells. Genomic DNAs from >3,000 participants enrolled in five United States-based natural-history cohorts with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) were genotyped for 21 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a 47-kb interval on chromosome 17q12 containing the genes CCL3, CCL4, and CCL18. All 21 SNPs were polymorphic in African Americans (AAs), whereas 7 of the 21 had minor-allele frequencies <0.01 in European Americans (EAs). Substantial linkage disequilibrium was observed in a 37-kb interval containing 17 SNPs where many pairwise D' values exceeded 0.70 in both racial groups, but particula
10.1086/505331
16773571
PMC1474130
Chemokine CCL3 Chemokine CCL4 Chemokines, CC/*genetics Cohort Studies Disease Progression *Genetic Variation HIV Infections/physiopathology/*transmission Hiv-1 Humans Linkage Disequilibrium Longitudinal Studies Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins/*genetics *Multigene Family Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
W. S. L. Modi, J., An, P., Scott, K., Goedert, J. J., Kirk, G. D., Buchbinder, S., Phair, J., Donfield, S., O'Brien, S. J., Winkler, C. (2006). Genetic variation in the CCL18-CCL3-CCL4 chemokine gene cluster influences HIV Type 1 transmission and AIDS disease progression. Am J Hum Genet, 79(1), 120-8. PMC1474130
Journal Article
Recruiting minority men who have sex with men for HIV research: results from a 4-city campaign
Am J Public Health
2006
Jun-06
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16670218
We describe the efforts of a 4-city campaign to recruit Black and Hispanic men who have sex with men into an established HIV epidemiological study. The campaign used community organizing principles and a social marketing model that focused on personnel, location, product, costs and benefits, and promotion. The campaign was developed at the community, group, and individual levels to both increase trust and reduce barriers.The proportion of Hispanic men recruited during the 2002-2003 campaign doubled compared with the 1987 campaign, and the proportion and number of White men decreased by 20%. The proportion of Black men decreased because of the large increase in Hispanic men, although the number of Black men increased by 56%.Successful recruitment included training recruitment specialists, involving knowledgeable minority community members during planning, and having an accessible site with convenient hours
10.2105/AJPH.2005.072801
16670218
PMC1470616
costs Hiv model Pittsburgh recruitment research sex study
A. J. H. Silvestre, J.B., Johnson, L.M., Houston, C., Witt, M., Jacobson, L., Ostrow, D. (2006). Recruiting minority men who have sex with men for HIV research: results from a 4-city campaign. Am J Public Health, 96(6), 1020-1027. PMC1470616
Journal Article
Association of cigarette smoking with HIV prognosis among women in the HAART era: a report from the women's interagency HIV study
Am J Public Health
2006
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16670229
OBJECTIVE: We assessed the association of cigarette smoking with the effectiveness of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) among low-income women. METHODS: Data were analyzed from the Women's Interagency HIV Study, a multisite longitudinal study up to 7.9 years for 924 women representing 72% of all women who initiated HAART between July 1, 1995, and September 30, 2003. RESULTS: When Cox's regression was used after control for age, race, hepatitis C infection, illicit drug use, previous antiretroviral therapy, and previous AIDS, smokers on HAART had poorer viral responses (hazard ratio [HR]=0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.67, 0.93) and poorer immunologic response (HR=0.85; 95% CI=0.73, 0.99). A greater risk of virologic rebound (HR=1.39; 95% CI=1.06, 1.69) and more frequent immunologic failure (HR=1.52; 95% CI=1.18, 1.96) were also observed among smokers. There was a higher risk of death (HR=1.53; 95% CI=1.08, 2.19) and a higher risk of developing AIDS (HR=1.36; 95% CI=1.07
10.2105/AJPH.2005.062745
16670229
PMC1470629
Adolescent Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*statistics & numerical data Biomarkers/blood CD4 Lymphocyte Count Disease Progression Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/mortality/pathology Hiv-1 Humans Kaplan-Meier Estimate Longitudinal Studies Patient Compliance Poverty Prognosis Proportional Hazards Models Smoking/*adverse effects/*epidemiology Treatment Failure *Treatment Outcome Urban Health Viral Load
J. G. M. Feldman, H., Schneider, M. F., Gange, S. J., Cohen, M., Watts, D. H., Gandhi, M., Mocharnuk, R. S., Anastos, K. (2006). Association of cigarette smoking with HIV prognosis among women in the HAART era: a report from the women's interagency HIV study. Am J Public Health, 96(6), 1060-5. PMC1470629
Journal Article
Longitudinal relationships between use of highly active antiretroviral therapy and satisfaction with care among women living with HIV/AIDS
Am J Public Health
2006
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16670232
OBJECTIVES: We used longitudinal data to examine the roles of 4 dimensions of patient satisfaction as both predictors and outcomes of use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) among women in the United States with HIV/AIDS. METHODS: Generalized estimating equations were used to analyze time-lagged satisfaction-HAART relationships over 8 years in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. RESULTS: Multivariate models showed that, over time, HAART use was associated with higher patient satisfaction with care in general, with providers, and with access/convenience of care; however, patient satisfaction was not associated with subsequent HAART use. Symptoms of depression and poor health-related quality of life were associated with less satisfaction with care on all 4 dimensions assessed, whereas African American race/ethnicity, illegal drug use, and fewer primary care visits were associated with less HAART use. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that dissatisfaction with care is not a rea
10.2105/AJPH.2005.061929
16670232
PMC1470631
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy/psychology Adult Aged Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*statistics & numerical data Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/psychology Health Care Surveys Humans Longitudinal Studies Middle Aged Patient Satisfaction/*statistics & numerical data *Quality of Health Care Sickness Impact Profile United States Women's Health Services/*standards
J. K. C. Burke-Miller, J. A., Cohen, M. H., Hessol, N. A., Wilson, T. E., Richardson, J. L., Williams, P., Gange, S. J. (2006). Longitudinal relationships between use of highly active antiretroviral therapy and satisfaction with care among women living with HIV/AIDS. Am J Public Health, 96(6), 1044-51. PMC1470631
Journal Article
Nrf2 regulates an adaptive response protecting against oxidative damage following diquat-mediated formation of superoxide anion
Arch Biochem Biophys
2006
1-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16962985
Mouse embryonic fibroblasts derived from Nrf2-/- mice (N0) and Nrf2+/+ mice (WT) have been used to characterize both basal and diquat (DQ)-induced oxidative stress levels and to examine Nrf2 activation during exposure to DQ-generated superoxide anion. Microarray analysis revealed that N0 cells have similar constitutive mRNA expression of genes responsible for the direct metabolism of reactive oxygen species but decreased expression of genes responsible for the production of reducing equivalents, repair of oxidized proteins and defense against lipid peroxidation, compared to WT cells. Nonetheless, the basal levels of ROS flux and oxidative damage biomarkers in WT and N0 cells were not different. Diquat dibromide (DQ), a non-electrophilic redox cycling bipyridylium herbicide, was used to generate intracellular superoxide anion. Isolated mitochondria from both cell lines exposed to DQ produced equivalent amounts of ROS, indicating a similar cellular capacity to generate ROS. However, N0 c
10.1016/j.abb.2006.08.005
16962985
PMC1851923
Adaptation, Physiological/drug effects/physiology Animals Cells, Cultured Cytoprotection/drug effects/physiology Diquat/*administration & dosage Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Fibroblasts/drug effects/*metabolism Mice Mice, Inbred ICR Mice, Knockout NF-E2-Related Factor 2/*metabolism Oxidative Stress/drug effects/*physiology Reactive Oxygen Species/*metabolism Superoxides/*metabolism
W. O. W. Osburn, N., Misra, V., Nilles, T., Biswal, S., Trush, M. A., Kensler, T. W. (2006). Nrf2 regulates an adaptive response protecting against oxidative damage following diquat-mediated formation of superoxide anion. Arch Biochem Biophys, 454(1), 15-Jul. PMC1851923
Journal Article
NIHMS12764
C-reactive protein is a marker for human immunodeficiency virus disease progression
Arch Intern Med
2006
1/9/2006
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16401812
BACKGROUND: Limited data on acute-phase C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection exist. METHODS: We obtained a single measurement of CRP from 513 HIV-infected men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study to examine the association between CRP and immune suppression and progression to AIDS. We estimated changes in CRP during the course of HIV infection in 81 of these individuals using specimens collected from October 1, 1984, to December 31, 1996. RESULTS: The cross-sectional associations between log(10) CRP were correlated inversely with CD4 lymphocyte counts (r=-0.17; P<.001) and directly with log10 HIV RNA levels (r=0.20; P<.001). Levels of CRP of more than 2.3 mg/L were associated with a decreased time to the development of AIDS (relative time to AIDS, 0.36; P<.001) compared with individuals with CRP levels of 1.2 mg/L or less, which remained significant after adjustment for CD4 lymphocyte counts and HIV RNA and hemoglobin concentrations. Levels of
10.1001/archinte.166.1.64
16401812
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Adult AIDS analysis Baltimore Biological Markers blood C-Reactive Protein category: disease progression CD4 CD4 Lymphocyte Count change cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Comparative Study Confidence Intervals cross-sectional Disease Disease Progression Hiv HIV infection Human human immunodeficiency virus Humans immune immune suppression immunodeficiency immunology infection lymphocyte Lymphocyte Count lymphocyte counts Male marker markers measurement methods multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Multicenter Studies Multivariate Analysis Predictive Value of Tests progression Proportional Hazards Models Research Support,N.I.H.,Extramural Rna Rna,Viral study Time Factors Viral Load virus
B. S. Lau, A.R., Kingsley, L.A., Post, W., Palella, F.J., Visscher, B., Gange, S.J. (2006). C-reactive protein is a marker for human immunodeficiency virus disease progression. Arch Intern Med, 166(1), 64-70.
Journal Article
Estimating biomarker-based HIV incidence using prevalence data in high risk groups with missing outcomes
Biom J
2006
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17094342
The novel two-step serologic sensitive/less sensitive testing algorithm for detecting recent HIV seroconversion (STARHS) provides a simple and practical method to estimate HIV-1 incidence using cross-sectional HIV seroprevalence data. STARHS has been used increasingly in epidemiologic studies. However, the uncertainty of incidence estimates using this algorithm has not been well described, especially for high risk groups or when missing data is present because a fraction of sensitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) positive specimens are not tested by the less sensitive EIA. Ad hoc methods used in practice provide incorrect confidence limits and thus may jeopardize statistical inference. In this report, we propose maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods for correctly estimating the uncertainty in incidence estimates obtained using prevalence data with a fraction missing, and extend the methods to regression settings. Using a study of injection drug users participating in a drug detoxification
10.1002/bimj.200510267
17094342
*Bayes Theorem Cross-Sectional Studies HIV Antibodies/blood HIV Infections/blood/*epidemiology/virology HIV Seropositivity/*blood/*epidemiology HIV-1/*isolation & purification Humans Immunoenzyme Techniques Incidence *Likelihood Functions New York City/epidemiology Prevalence Sensitivity and Specificity Seroepidemiologic Studies Substance Abuse, Intravenous/virology
H. C. Chu, S. R. (2006). Estimating biomarker-based HIV incidence using prevalence data in high risk groups with missing outcomes. Biom J, 48(5), 772-9.
Journal Article
Attributable risk function in the proportional hazards model for censored time-to-event
Biostatistics
2006
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16478758
Time-to-event endpoints are often used in clinical and epidemiological studies to evaluate disease association with hazardous exposures. In the statistical literature of time-to-event analysis, such association is usually measured by the hazard ratio in the proportional hazards model. In public health, it is also of important interest to assess the excess risk attributable to an exposure in a given population. In this article, we extend the notion of 'population attributable fraction' for the binary outcomes to the attributable risk function for the event times in prospective studies. A simple estimator of the time-varying attributable risk function is proposed under the proportional hazards model. Its inference procedures are established. Monte-Carlo simulation studies are conducted to evaluate its validity and performance. The proposed methodology is motivated and demonstrated by the data collected in a multicenter acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cohort study to estimate th
10.1093/biostatistics/kxj023
16478758
Biometry/methods Cohort Studies Computer Simulation HIV Infections/etiology Hiv-1 Humans Male *Proportional Hazards Models Prospective Studies *Risk Time Factors
Y. Q. H. Chen, C., Wang, Y. (2006). Attributable risk function in the proportional hazards model for censored time-to-event. Biostatistics, 7(4), 515-29.
Journal Article
Long-lasting CCR5 internalization by antibodies in a subset of long-term nonprogressors: a possible protective effect against disease progression
Blood
2006
15-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16522810
Exposure to HIV-1 does not necessarily result in infection and progression toward disease, thus suggesting that the control of viral infection may be achieved. Antibodies to CCR5 have been detected in HIV-exposed but uninfected subjects (ESNs); thus, these antibodies could be involved in HIV protection. To assess whether anti-CCR5 antibodies may also contribute to slow HIV disease progression, we searched for anti-CCR5 antibodies in 497 subjects, including 85 long-term nonprogressors (LTNPs), 70 progressors, 135 HIV(+) patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), and 207 seronegative donors. We found anti-CCR5 antibodies in a fraction of the LTNPs(23.5%) but not in the other populations studied (P < .001). These antibodies recognized a conformational epitope within the first extramembrane loop of CCR5, and they induced a stable and long-lasting downregulation of CCR5 on the surface of T lymphocytes, which inhibited HIV entry. In addition, CD4(+) lymphocytes from
10.1182/blood-2005-06-2463
16522810
PMC1895813
AIDS Vaccines/immunology Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/blood/drug therapy/*immunology Antibody Specificity/immunology Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Autoantibodies/blood/*immunology CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/virology Disease Progression Down-Regulation/immunology Endocytosis/*immunology Epitopes/*immunology Female HIV Seropositivity/blood/drug therapy/*immunology Humans Immunologic Capping/immunology Male Protein Structure, Tertiary Receptors, CCR5/blood/*immunology
C. W. Pastori, B., Barassi, C., Uberti-Foppa, C., Ghezzi, S., Longhi, R., Calori, G., Burger, H., Kemal, K., Poli, G., Lazzarin, A., Lopalco, L. (2006). Long-lasting CCR5 internalization by antibodies in a subset of long-term nonprogressors: a possible protective effect against disease progression. Blood, 107(12), 4825-33. PMC1895813
Journal Article
Risk of breast, ovary, and uterine corpus cancers among 85,268 women with AIDS
Br J Cancer
2006
4-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16868538
By linking HIV/AIDS and cancer surveillance data in 12 US regions, breast and reproductive cancer risks with AIDS were compared to those in the general population. Trends in standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were assessed by CD4 count, AIDS-relative time, and calendar time. Standardized incidence ratios were indirectly adjusted for cancer risk factors using data from AIDS cohort participants and the general population. With AIDS, 313 women developed breast cancer (SIR 0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.62-0.77), 42 developed ovary cancer (SIR 1.05, 95% CI, 0.75-1.42), and 31 developed uterine corpus cancer (SIR 0.57, 95% CI, 0.39-0.81). Uterine cancer risk was reduced significantly after age 50 (SIR 0.33). Breast cancer risk was reduced significantly both before (SIR 0.71) and after (SIR 0.66) age 50, and was lower for local or regional (SIR 0.54) than distant (SIR 0.89) disease. Breast cancer risk varied little by CD4 count (Ptrend=0.47) or AIDS-relative time (Ptrend=0.14) or aft
10.1038/sj.bjc.6603282
16868538
PMC2360686
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*complications Age Factors Breast Neoplasms/*epidemiology Continental Population Groups Female Humans Incidence Menopause Middle Aged Ovarian Neoplasms/*epidemiology Poisson Distribution Registries Risk United States/epidemiology Uterine Neoplasms/*epidemiology
J. J. S. Goedert, C., McNeel, T. S., Hessol, N. A., Rabkin, C. S., Engels, E. A., Hiv Aids Cancer Match Study (2006). Risk of breast, ovary, and uterine corpus cancers among 85,268 women with AIDS. Br J Cancer, 95(5), 642-8. PMC2360686
Journal Article
Longitudinal analysis of clinical markers following antiretroviral therapy initiated during acute or early HIV type 1 infection
Clin Infect Dis
2006
1-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16511771
BACKGROUND: Treatment of acute human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection may have unique immunologic, virological, and clinical benefits. However, the timing of treatment, optimal starting regimens, and expected response to therapy have not been defined.Methods. One hundred two subjects treated during acute and early HIV-1 infection were observed prospectively to determine the effect of time elapsed before initiation of therapy on time to virological suppression and absolute CD4+ cell count. Subjects were divided into pre- and postseroconversion groups on the basis of HIV-1 antibody status at the time of initiation of treatment. Absolute CD4+ cell counts were compared between these groups and with those of historical untreated persons who had experienced seroconversion. Potential predictors of time to virological suppression and CD4+ cell count at > or =12 months were assessed. RESULTS: Ninety-nine (97%) of 102 subjects achieved virological suppression. The median time to s
10.1086/500410
16511771
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*drug therapy/immunology/virology Acute Disease Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use CD4 Lymphocyte Count Female *hiv-1 Humans Longitudinal Studies Male Proportional Hazards Models Prospective Studies Viral Load
S. M. Kassutto, K., Johnston, M. N., Robbins, G. K., Burgett, N. C., Sax, P. E., Cohen, D., Pae, E., Davis, B., Zachary, K., Basgoz, N., D'Agata E, M., DeGruttola, V., Walker, B. D., Rosenberg, E. S. (2006). Longitudinal analysis of clinical markers following antiretroviral therapy initiated during acute or early HIV type 1 infection. Clin Infect Dis, 42(7), 1024-31.
Journal Article
Tuberculin skin test conversion and reactivity rates among adults with and without human immunodeficiency virus in urban settings in Ethiopia
Clin Vaccine Immunol
2006
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16829616
To investigate whether low CD4+ T-cell counts in healthy and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected Ethiopians influence tuberculosis (TB) immunological memory, tuberculin skin test (TST) conversion and reactivity rates were investigated among adults with and without HIV infection in urban settings in Ethiopia. Reaction to the TST was analyzed with purified protein derivative by the Mantoux technique. A total of 1,286 individuals with TST results of > or = 5-mm (n = 851) and < or = 4-mm (n = 435) induration diameters were included. Individuals with < or = 4-mm induration sizes were followed up for 21.4 +/- 9.5 months (mean +/- standard deviation) to observe skin test conversion. The overall TST reactivity (> or = 5-mm induration diameter) was 66.2% (n = 851). Reactivity was significantly lower among HIV-positive persons (40.5%) than among HIV-negative persons (68.7%) (P < 0.001). Of the above persons, 32 incident TB patients were checked for their TST status 13.05 +/- 11.1 months
10.1128/CVI.00098-06
16829616
PMC1489564
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis/microbiology/prevention & control Adult CD4 Lymphocyte Count Ethiopia Female HIV Infections/*complications/immunology Humans Male *Mycobacterium tuberculosis *Tuberculin Test/methods Tuberculosis/*diagnosis/microbiology/prevention & control *Urban Population
B. W. Tegbaru, D., Messele, T., Legesse, M., Mekonnen, Y., Miedema, F., van Baarle, D. (2006). Tuberculin skin test conversion and reactivity rates among adults with and without human immunodeficiency virus in urban settings in Ethiopia. Clin Vaccine Immunol, 13(7), 784-9. PMC1489564
Journal Article
Serological detection of human papillomavirus type 16 infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and high-risk HIV-negative women
Clin Vaccine Immunol
2006
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16603621
Serial measurement of antibodies has not been used to provide evidence of active viral replication of human papillomavirus (HPV). Serum specimens from sequential study visits contributed by 642 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and 116 HIV-negative participants enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study were used to detect significant rises in HPV type 16 (HPV-16) antibody levels. Factors associated with a significant rise were identified using multivariable logistic regression models with generalized estimating equations. Among HIV-positive women, 8.3% of 1,997 pairs showed antibody rises, compared to 6.1% of 361 pairs among HIV-negative women (P = 0.191). For HIV-positive women, rises were associated with current (odds ratio [OR], 23.4; P < 0.001) or past (OR, 8.9; P < 0.001) HPV-16 infection relative to never being HPV-16 infected and with CD4+ cell counts (OR per 100-cell increase, 0.8; P < 0.001) but not with sexual behavior. For HIV-negative women, rises were associa
10.1128/CVI.13.4.511-519.2006
16603621
PMC1459636
Antibodies, Viral/*blood Biomarkers/blood Cohort Studies Female HIV/*immunology HIV Antibodies/blood HIV Infections/immunology/virology HIV Seronegativity/*immunology HIV Seropositivity/*immunology/virology Human papillomavirus 16/*immunology Humans Male Papillomavirus Infections/*diagnosis/*epidemiology/immunology Prospective Studies Risk Factors Virus Replication/immunology
M. J. S. Silverberg, M. F., Silver, B., Anastos, K. M., Burk, R. D., Minkoff, H., Palefsky, J., Levine, A. M., Viscidi, R. P. (2006). Serological detection of human papillomavirus type 16 infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and high-risk HIV-negative women. Clin Vaccine Immunol, 13(4), 511-9. PMC1459636
Journal Article
Brain Reserve: HIV Morbidity and Mortality
Cognitive Reserve: Theory and Applications
2006
application Brain Cognition cognitive Hiv Morbidity mortality neurology neuropsychology study
Book Section
A general approach for sample size and statistical power calculations assessing of interventions using a mixture model in the presence of detection limits
Contemp Clin Trials
2006
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16769254
A zero-inflated log-normal mixture model (which assumes that the data has a probability mass at zero and a continuous response for values greater than zero) with left censoring due to assay measurements falling below detection limits has been applied to compare treatment groups in randomized clinical trials and observational cohort studies. The sample size calculation (for a given type I error rate and a desired statistical power) has not been studied for this type of data under the assumption of equal proportions of true zeros in the treatment and control groups. In this article, we derive the sample sizes based on the expected differences between the non-zero values of individuals in treatment and control groups. Methods for calculation of statistical power are also presented. When computing the sample sizes, caution is needed as some irregularities occur, namely that the location parameter is sometimes underestimated due to the mixture distribution and left censoring. In such cases,
10.1016/j.cct.2006.04.007
16769254
Anticarcinogenic Agents/therapeutic use Clinical Trials as Topic/*methods *Computer Simulation Humans *Models, Statistical Monte Carlo Method Neoplasms/prevention & control Pyrazines/therapeutic use *Sample Size
L. C. Nie, H., Cole, S. R. (2006). A general approach for sample size and statistical power calculations assessing of interventions using a mixture model in the presence of detection limits. Contemp Clin Trials, 27(5), 483-91.
Journal Article
Pathogenesis of AIDS lymphoma: role of oncogenic viruses and B cell activation-associated molecular lesions
Curr Opin Oncol
2006
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16894291
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: We discuss recently published studies that elucidate the pathogenesis of AIDS-associated lymphoma. RECENT FINDINGS: Several recent reports have provided valuable new information on the role of gamma-herpesviruses in the pathogenesis of AIDS-associated lymphoma. In addition to this, significant new information has become available on how B cell activation-associated DNA-modifying events, involving activation-induced cytidine deaminase and DNA polymerase-eta, contribute to the molecular lesions that result in AIDS-associated lymphoma. In particular, new evidence that oncogenic viruses can directly induce activation-induced cytidine deaminase expression and oncogene mutation in human B cells is of central relevance to better understanding the pathogenesis of AIDS-associated lymphoma. SUMMARY: New information provides insights into the contributions of immune dysfunction and oncogenic virus infection to pathogenesis of AIDS-associated lymphoma, and may lead to new potent
10.1097/01.cco.0000239882.23839.e5
16894291
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Cytidine Deaminase/metabolism DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/metabolism HIV Infections/*complications/enzymology Humans Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/*genetics/metabolism/*virology Lymphoma, B-Cell/*genetics/virology Oncogenic Viruses/*pathogenicity
M. W. Epeldegui, D. P., Martinez-Maza, O. (2006). Pathogenesis of AIDS lymphoma: role of oncogenic viruses and B cell activation-associated molecular lesions. Curr Opin Oncol, 18(5), 444-8.
Journal Article
Structured treatment interruptions following immediate initiation of HAART in eight patients with acute HIV-1 seroconversion
Eur J Med Res
2006
31-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16899420
BACKGROUND: The immunological and clinical benefits of structured treatment interruptions (STIs) during primary HIV-1 infection remain largely unclear. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eight patients identified during primary HIV-1 infection were immediately treated with HAART and underwent subsequent STIs after reaching complete viral suppression of HIV-RNA in peripheral plasma. HAART was re-initiated if either HIV-1 RNA >5000 copies/ml, CD4-cells <200 cells/microl or symptomatic HIV-1 disease was observed. RESULTS: After treatment discontinuation, four of eight patients were able to persistently control HIV-1 viremia below 5000 copies/ml until the last time point of follow-up (median 3 years). CD4-cell counts were within the interquartile range of untreated individuals compared to historical reference data from the MACS cohort. In the remaining study subjects persistent virological control was not reached despite repeated STIs. Moreover, compared to the MACS cohort repetitive virological failur
16899420
Acute Disease Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/methods CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology Drug Therapy, Combination Female Follow-Up Studies HIV Seropositivity/*drug therapy/immunology/virology HIV-1/*genetics Histocompatibility Testing Humans Lamivudine/therapeutic use Lopinavir Male Pyrimidinones/therapeutic use RNA, Viral/*genetics Retrospective Studies Stavudine/therapeutic use Treatment Outcome Zidovudine/therapeutic use
M. L. Vogel, M., Kaufmann, D. E., Mui, S. K., Altfeld, M., Voigt, E., Ahlenstiel, G., Kupfer, B., Walker, B., Spengler, U., Rockstroh, J. K. (2006). Structured treatment interruptions following immediate initiation of HAART in eight patients with acute HIV-1 seroconversion. Eur J Med Res, 11(7), 273-8.
Journal Article
Saliva can mediate HIV-1-specific antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol
2006
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16978244
HIV is not usually transmitted by saliva from HIV-1-infected individuals. Antiviral substances in saliva responsible for this may include HIV-1-specific antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). We evaluated saliva ADCC titers of 62 HIV-1-infected women from the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) and 55 uninfected individuals. HIV-1-infected women were less likely to have ADCC activity in saliva than in serum or cervical lavage fluid (CVL). 24% of HIV-1-positive women and a similar percentage of uninfected women had HIV-1-specific saliva ADCC activity. A significant amount of saliva ADCC activity in infected women was HIV-gp120-specific. These studies demonstrate that HIV-specific ADCC activity can be present in saliva. This activity may contribute to host defence against initial infection with HIV.
10.1111/j.1574-695X.2006.00146.x
16978244
Antibody Specificity Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology Female HIV Antibodies/*immunology HIV Envelope Protein gp120/immunology HIV Infections/*immunology/virology HIV-1/*immunology Humans Immunoglobulin A/immunology Prospective Studies Saliva/*immunology/virology Viral Load
J. S. N. Kim, P., Landay, A. L., Alves, M., Cohn, M. H., Bremer, J. W., Baum, L. L. (2006). Saliva can mediate HIV-1-specific antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol, 48(2), 267-73.
Journal Article
Human immunodeficiency virus and infertility services: the glass is half full
Fertil Steril
2006
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16595199
Human immunodeficiency virus-infected couples have demonstrated a strong desire to be parents. Despite the willingness of some reproductive endocrinologists to provide services to them, a number of barriers to access still confront infertile HIV-infected individuals.
10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.07.1332
16595199
Female HIV Infections/*complications *Health Services Accessibility Humans Infertility, Female/*complications/*therapy
H. Minkoff (2006). Human immunodeficiency virus and infertility services: the glass is half full. Fertil Steril, 85(2), 290-2; discussion 301.
Journal Article
The association of serum ferritin and transferrin receptor concentrations with mortality in women with human immunodeficiency virus infection
Haematologica
2006
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16704960
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Whether degree of iron stores influences progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease is controversial. We studied the relationship of indirect measures of iron stores with mortality in highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)-naive participants from the Women's Interagency HIV Study. DESIGN AND METHODS: One hundred and fifty-eight HIV-infected women who died before July 1996 were individually matched by CD4+ cell count (within +/- 50 cells/mL) and HIV RNA level (within +/- 0.50 log10 copies/mL) to 154 controls. Serum ferritin and transferrin receptor concentrations were measured in 151 pairs of women. Results. Using multivariable conditional logistic regression models that were adjusted for self-reported antiretroviral therapy use, age, smoking status, ethnicity, hemoglobin concentration, C-reactive protein and aspartate amino transferase, a log10 increase in baseline serum ferritin concentration was associated with a 1.67-fold increase in t
16704960
CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Disease Progression Female Ferritins/*blood HIV/genetics/isolation & purification HIV Infections/*blood/immunology/mortality Humans Prospective Studies Receptors, Transferrin/*blood Reference Values Viral Load
V. R. O. Gordeuk, G., Schneider, M. F., Dawkins, F. W., Delapenha, R., Voloshin, Y., von Wyl, V., Bacon, M., Minkoff, H., Levine, A., Cohen, M., Greenblatt, R. M. (2006). The association of serum ferritin and transferrin receptor concentrations with mortality in women with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Haematologica, 91(6), 739-43.
Journal Article
Effect of early and late GB virus C viraemia on survival of HIV-infected individuals: a meta-analysis
HIV Med
2006
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16494631
OBJECTIVES: To conduct a meta-analysis to synthesize the evidence regarding the effect of co-infection with GB virus C (GBV-C) on survival of HIV-infected individuals, and to estimate the effect. METHODS: A Bayesian meta-analysis was conducted to synthesize evidence from eligible studies. Prospective survival studies of HIV-1-infected individuals, with outcome defined as time from baseline to all-cause death, were included and classified by whether GBV-C status was determined in early or late HIV disease. The primary measure was the hazard ratio (HR) of death for HIV-infected individuals with GBV-C infection versus those without GBV-C infection. RESULTS: Eleven studies from eight publications met the inclusion criteria. For studies with GBV-C status measured 2 years or less after HIV seroconversion (912 subjects), the combined HR was 0.88 [95% credible interval (CI) 0.30, 1.50]. For studies with GBV-C status measured more than 2 years after HIV seroconversion (1294 subjects), the combi
10.1111/j.1468-1293.2006.00366.x
16494631
Adult Bayes Theorem Female Flaviviridae Infections/mortality/*virology *GB virus C HIV Infections/mortality/*virology HIV Seropositivity *hiv-1 Hepatitis, Viral, Human/mortality/*virology Humans Male Proportional Hazards Models Survival Rate Time Factors Viral Load Viremia
W. C. Zhang, K., Tillmann, H. L., Williams, C. F., Stapleton, J. T. (2006). Effect of early and late GB virus C viraemia on survival of HIV-infected individuals: a meta-analysis. HIV Med, 7(3), 173-80.
Journal Article
Combined analysis of retrospective and prospective occurrences in cohort studies: HIV-1 serostatus and incident pneumonia
Int J Epidemiol
2006
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16936292
BACKGROUND: The authors show how information collected on retrospective occurrence times may be combined with prospective occurrence times in the analysis of recurrent events from cohort studies. METHODS: We demonstrate how the observed data can be expanded from one to two records per participant and account for the within-individual dependence when estimating variances. We illustrate our methods using data from the Women's Interagency HIV Study, which recorded 384 retrospective and 352 prospective occurrences of pneumonia in 9478 retrospective and 7857 prospective person-years among 2610 adult women. RESULTS: The hazard of non-Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia among the 2056 HIV-1 infected women was 2.24 times (95% confidence limits: 1.74, 2.89) that of the 554 uninfected women, independent of age. This hazard ratio was homogeneous across retrospective and prospective occurrences (P for interaction = 0.96) and combining occurrence types increased the precision by reducing the standard er
10.1093/ije/dyl176
16936292
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/epidemiology Adult Age Distribution Female HIV Seropositivity/*epidemiology *hiv-1 Humans Incidence Models, Statistical Pneumonia/*epidemiology Prospective Studies Recurrence Retrospective Studies Risk Factors United States/epidemiology
S. R. C. Cole, H., Allison, P. D., Gange, S. J. (2006). Combined analysis of retrospective and prospective occurrences in cohort studies: HIV-1 serostatus and incident pneumonia. Int J Epidemiol, 35(6), 1442-6.
Journal Article
Multiple-imputation for measurement-error correction
Int J Epidemiol
2006
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16709616
BACKGROUND: There are many methods for measurement-error correction. These methods remain rarely used despite the ubiquity of measurement error. METHODS: Treating measurement error as a missing-data problem, the authors show how multiple-imputation for measurement-error (MIME) correction can be done using SAS software and evaluate the approach with a simulation experiment. RESULTS: Based on hypothetical data from a planned cohort study of 600 children with chronic kidney disease, the estimated hazard ratio for end-stage renal disease from the complete data was 2.0 [95% confidence limits (95% CL) 1.4, 2.8] and was reduced to 1.5 (95% CL 1.1, 2.1) using a misclassified exposure of low glomerular filtration rate at study entry (sensitivity of 0.9 and specificity of 0.7). The MIME correction hazard ratio was 2.0 (95% CL 1.2, 3.3), the regression calibration (RC) hazard ratio was 2.0 (95% CL 1.1, 3.7), and restriction to a 25% validation substudy yielded a hazard ratio of 2.0 (95% CL 1.0, 3
10.1093/ije/dyl097
16709616
*Bias Child Cohort Studies *Computer Simulation *Data Interpretation, Statistical *Epidemiologic Research Design Humans Kidney Failure, Chronic Monte Carlo Method Odds Ratio Proportional Hazards Models Reproducibility of Results Risk Sensitivity and Specificity
S. R. C. Cole, H., Greenland, S. (2006). Multiple-imputation for measurement-error correction. Int J Epidemiol, 35(4), 1074-81.
Journal Article
Progressive prothrombotic state in women with advancing HIV disease
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2006
15-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16837864
BACKGROUND: HIV-infected patients are at increased risk for venous thrombotic events (VTEs). We sought to determine if advancing stages of HIV were associated with coagulation abnormalities that could predispose to VTE. METHODS: Functional protein S, factor VIII activity, and lupus anticoagulant were assayed in 144 participants of the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Women with conditions associated with VTE (cancer, pregnancy, hormone use, acute infection, cancer, and autoimmune disease) were excluded. Subjects included 34 women with history of clinical AIDS, 11 with immunologic AIDS (CD4 count, <200 cells/dL), 49 with asymptomatic HIV, and 50 HIV-negative comparators. RESULTS: We found progressive decreases in protein S, when comparing HIV-negative women (median, 76%) to women with asymptomatic HIV (median, 67%), immunologic AIDS (median, 62%), or clinical AIDS (median, 46%; P < 0.0001). Similarly, advancing HIV was associated with stepwise increases in factor VIII, from a median of 11
10.1097/01.qai.0000230320.78288.79
16837864
Adult Blood Coagulation Disorders/*etiology Factor VIII/analysis Female HIV Infections/blood/*complications Humans Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor/blood Protein S/analysis Venous Thrombosis/*etiology
A. M. V. Levine, C., Gravink, J., Mack, W., Watts, C. H., Liebman, H. A. (2006). Progressive prothrombotic state in women with advancing HIV disease. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 42(5), 572-7.
Journal Article
Predictors for lower quality of life in the HAART era among HIV-infected men
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2006
8/1/2006
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16810114
BACKGROUND: In the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), maximizing health-related quality of life (QOL) has become a high priority of long-term management of HIV-infected individuals. Modifiable determinants of lower QOL should be identified for interventions specifically targeted to the HAART-using individuals to improve their QOL. OBJECTIVE: To identify the predictors for lower QOL among HAART-using study participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, a longitudinal study of HIV infection among homosexual and bisexual men in 4 cities. METHODS: In the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, 636 HAART-using subjects had QOL data before HAART initiation and at least 2 consecutive QOL measurements after HAART initiation to visit 40 (April 2004). Variables of sociodemographics, individual risk behaviors, social support, biological markers, HIV-related medication use and clinical outcome indicators preceding the study outcomes, the physical health summary score and the mental he
10.1097/01.qai.0000225730.79610.61
16810114
age AIDS alcohol Alcohol Drinking antiretroviral therapy Antiretroviral Therapy,Highly Active Baltimore behavior Biological Markers bisexual bisexual men Cities clinical cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Depression Disease drug therapy drug use HAART health Hiv HIV infection HIV Infections homosexual Humans infection longitudinal Longitudinal Studies Male management marker markers measurement medication use Mental Health methods model multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study outcome physiopathology predictor predictors Public Health Quality of Life Research Support,N.I.H.,Extramural Risk Risk Factors sexual Sexual Partners Social Support study support therapies therapy treatment
C. J. Liu, L., Ostrow, D., Silvestre, A., Visscher, B., Jacobson, L.P. (2006). Predictors for lower quality of life in the HAART era among HIV-infected men. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 42(4), 470-477.
Journal Article
The occurrence of vaginal infections among HIV-infected and high-risk HIV-uninfected women: longitudinal findings of the women's interagency HIV study
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2006
1-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16951644
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate changes over time in rates of bacterial vaginosis (BV), trichomoniasis (TV), and yeast vaginitis (YV) among HIV-infected and similar HIV-uninfected women. METHODS: Two thousand fifty-six HIV-infected women and 554 HIV-uninfected women were evaluated semiannually from 1994 until March 2003 in a prospective cohort study. BV was diagnosed by Gram stain, TV by wet mount, and YV by symptoms with microscopically visible hyphae or positive culture. Trends were assessed using Poisson models. RESULTS: At baseline, BV was present in 42.8% and 47.0% of HIV-infected and uninfected women (P = 0.21), TV in 6.1% and 7.8% (P = 0.17), and YV in 10.0% and 3.8% (P < 0.001). Over time, rates of BV and TV decreased significantly in both groups, whereas rates of YV declined only among HIV-infected women. Risk of BV was not associated with HIV status, whereas HIV-infected women had a lower risk of TV. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) use was associated with decreased risk
10.1097/01.qai.0000242448.90026.13
16951644
Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/*complications Humans Longitudinal Studies Prospective Studies *Risk-Taking Trichomonas Vaginitis/epidemiology/pathology Vaginal Diseases/*complications/microbiology Vaginal Smears
D. H. S. Watts, G., Minkoff, H., Hillier, S. L., Jacobson, L., Moxley, M., Justman, J., Cejtin, H., O'Connell, C., Greenblatt, R. M. (2006). The occurrence of vaginal infections among HIV-infected and high-risk HIV-uninfected women: longitudinal findings of the women's interagency HIV study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 43(2), 161-8.
Journal Article
High sensitivity C-reactive protein and response to highly active antiretroviral therapy in women with HIV-1 infection
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2006
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16639356
10.1097/01.qai.0000219782.35421.f0
16639356
*Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active C-Reactive Protein/*metabolism Disease Progression Female HIV Infections/blood/*drug therapy Humans Treatment Outcome Viral Load
J. A. F. Dehovitz, J. G., Holman, S., Minkoff, H. (2006). High sensitivity C-reactive protein and response to highly active antiretroviral therapy in women with HIV-1 infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 42(3), 383-4.
Journal Article
Impact of inversion of the CD4/CD8 ratio on the natural history of HIV-1 infection
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2006
15-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16868499
BACKGROUND: HIV-1 infection is characterized by an inverted CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio, but the distribution of inversions over time after seroconversion and whether delay of inversion is associated with a favorable prognosis are not known. METHODS: T-cell counts and clinical outcomes among men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study who had incident HIV-1 infection before December 31, 1995 were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards methods. Results were also analyzed by time-dependent multivariate methods to adjust for CD4 lymphocyte counts, viral loads, age, race, and polymorphisms in host chemokine receptor genes (CCR5-Delta32 and CCR2-64I). RESULTS: Among 424 cases whose date of seroconversion was known to within +/-4.5 months, 317, 52, and 55 inverted their CD4/CD8 ratio within less than 1, 1 to 2, and more than 2 years of seroconversion, respectively. Longer time to inversion was significantly associated with longer time to AIDS, even after adjusting for CD4 lymphocyte cou
10.1097/01.qai.0000223028.55080.9d
16868499
Adult *CD4-CD8 Ratio Cohort Studies Disease Progression HIV Infections/*immunology/*physiopathology HIV Long-Term Survivors HIV Seropositivity *hiv-1 Humans Male Statistics as Topic Time Factors
J. B. G. Margolick, S. J., Detels, R., O'Gorman, M. R., Rinaldo, C. R., Jr., Lai, S. (2006). Impact of inversion of the CD4/CD8 ratio on the natural history of HIV-1 infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 42(5), 620-6.
Journal Article
Genotypic resistance and immunologic outcomes among HIV-1-infected women with viral failure
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2006
1-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16340476
OBJECTIVES: To describe the prevalence of specific protease inhibitor (PI) and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) resistance mutations and the relationship between the presence of these mutations and immunologic outcomes following PI/NNRTI initiation among a cohort of HIV-1-infected women. METHODS: Viral genotypic resistance testing was done for 366 women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study at the visit immediately prior to 1st reported use of PI or NNRTI (baseline) and at the visit approximately 1 year after PI/NNRTI initiation. We modeled the changes in CD4+ T-cell counts and HIV RNA levels approximately 1 year after therapy initiation as a function of baseline and follow-up markers, type of antiretroviral therapy used, and resistance mutations. RESULTS: At baseline, 52% of women showed only nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) mutations, 38% showed no mutations, and 10% showed PI or NNRTI mutations. Only 40% of women showed viral response (H
10.1097/01.qai.0000174652.40782.4e
16340476
CD4 Lymphocyte Count Drug Resistance, Viral/*genetics Female Genotype HIV Infections/*drug therapy/immunology HIV-1/drug effects/enzymology/*genetics/isolation & purification Humans Mutation RNA, Viral/blood/isolation & purification RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/genetics Treatment Failure Treatment Outcome Viral Load
S. J. S. Gange, M. F., Grant, R. M., Liegler, T., French, A., Young, M., Anastos, K., Wilson, T. E., Ponath, C., Greenblatt, R. (2006). Genotypic resistance and immunologic outcomes among HIV-1-infected women with viral failure. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 41(1), 68-74.
Journal Article
Longitudinal anthropometric changes in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected men
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2006
1-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16980910
BACKGROUND: Although morphologic abnormalities are common among HIV-infected persons receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), longitudinal comparative body shape changes among HAART-treated HIV-infected men versus HIV-seronegative men of similar age remain unclear. METHODS: Since September 1999, men enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study underwent body mass index (BMI) and circumference measurements of the waist, hip, thigh, and arm at each semiannual visit. Changes in these measurements that occurred between 1999 and 2003 among HIV-infected men were compared with measurements of HIV-seronegative men using linear mixed effects regression models. The HIV-infected men were further stratified by treatment group (no antiretroviral therapy [ART], monotherapy or combination [mono/combo] ART, or HAART). Analyses were adjusted for age, nadir CD4 cell count, and BMI (for circumference measurements). RESULTS: Over the 4-year observation period, mean BMI increased significan
10.1097/01.qai.0000243052.73321.8e
16980910
*Anthropometry Anti-HIV Agents/*adverse effects Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Body Composition/*physiology Body Mass Index Body Weight/drug effects Cohort Studies HIV Infections/*drug therapy/etiology/metabolism HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome/blood/chemically induced/pathology Hip/anatomy & histology Humans Linear Models Longitudinal Studies Male Middle Aged Prospective Studies
T. W. Brown, Z., Chu, H., Palella, F. J., Kingsley, L., Witt, M. D., Dobs, A. S. (2006). Longitudinal anthropometric changes in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected men. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 43(3), 356-62.
Journal Article
Use of a multiantigen detection algorithm for diagnosis of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection
J Clin Microbiol
2006
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17021103
The ability to readily and accurately diagnose Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV, or human herpesvirus 8) infection in individuals remains a demanding task. Among the available diagnostic methods, sensitivities and specificities range widely, and many are inadequate for large-scale screening studies. We examined a serological algorithm for detecting KSHV in human sera having high sensitivity and specificity. This method uses previously described open reading frame (ORF) K8.1 and ORF65 peptide-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and a novel purified recombinant full-length LANA1 protein. We generated two multiantigen algorithms: one that maximized sensitivity and one that maximized specificity. These serological algorithms were then used to evaluate seroprevalence rates among populations of clinical and epidemiological importance. The serological algorithms yielded sensitivities of 96% and 93% and specificities of 94% and 98% for the more sensitive and specific algorith
10.1128/JCM.00191-06
17021103
PMC1594766
*Algorithms Antigens, Viral/*analysis Blood Donors Case-Control Studies Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods Female HIV Infections/complications Herpesvirus 8, Human/*isolation & purification Humans Male Odds Ratio Sarcoma, Kaposi/*diagnosis/*virology Sensitivity and Specificity Seroepidemiologic Studies
A. S. P. Laney, J. S., Manzi, S. M., Kingsley, L. A., Chang, Y., Moore, P. S. (2006). Use of a multiantigen detection algorithm for diagnosis of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection. J Clin Microbiol, 44(10), 3734-41. PMC1594766
Journal Article
Relationship between prevalent oral and cervical human papillomavirus infections in human immunodeficiency virus-positive and -negative women
J Clin Microbiol
2006
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17021055
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is an etiologic agent for both oropharyngeal and cervical cancers, yet little is known about the interrelationship between oral and cervical HPV infections. Therefore, we compared the prevalences and type distributions of oral and cervical HPV infections and evaluated infection concordance in a cross-sectional study within the Women's Interagency HIV Study cohort. Oral rinse and cervical-vaginal lavage samples were concurrently collected from a convenience sample of 172 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and 86 HIV-negative women. HPV genomic DNA was detected by PGMY09/11 L1 consensus primer PCR and type specified by reverse line blot hybridization for 37 HPV types and beta-globin. Only 26 of the 35 HPV types found to infect the cervix were also found within the oral cavity, and the type distribution for oral HPV infections appeared distinct from that for cervical infections (P<0.001). Oral HPV infections were less common than cervical infections for
10.1128/JCM.01321-06
17021055
PMC1698387
Cervix Uteri/*virology Cross-Sectional Studies DNA, Viral/analysis/genetics Female HIV Infections/*complications Humans Mouth/*virology Mouth Diseases/complications/*epidemiology/virology Nucleic Acid Hybridization/methods Papillomaviridae/classification/*isolation & purification Papillomavirus Infections/complications/*epidemiology/virology Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods Prevalence Uterine Cervical Diseases/complications/*epidemiology/virology
C. D. S. Fakhry, G., Sugar, E., Weber, K., Goshu, E., Minkoff, H., Wright, R., Seaberg, E., Gillison, M. (2006). Relationship between prevalent oral and cervical human papillomavirus infections in human immunodeficiency virus-positive and -negative women. J Clin Microbiol, 44(12), 4479-85. PMC1698387
Journal Article
Effect of primer selection on estimates of GB virus C (GBV-C) prevalence and response to antiretroviral therapy for optimal testing for GBV-C viremia
J Clin Microbiol
2006
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16954234
GB virus C (GBV-C; also called hepatitis G virus) is a common cause of infection associated with prolonged survival among HIV-infected individuals. The prevalences of GBV-C viremia vary widely in different studies, and there has been poor agreement among different laboratories performing GBV-C RNA detection in quality control studies. To determine the optimal method of measuring GBV-C RNA in clinical samples, samples obtained from 939 HIV-infected subjects were studied using reverse transcription (RT)-PCR methods amplifying four separate regions of the GBV-C genome. Primers amplifying the E2 coding region were 100% specific; however, their sensitivity was only 76.6%. In contrast, primers amplifying three additional conserved regions of the GBV-C genome (the 5' nontranslated region and the nonstructural protein-coding regions 3 and 5A) were more sensitive but produced higher rates of false-positive results. Using low-specificity primer sets influenced the significance of association bet
10.1128/JCM.02663-05
16954234
PMC1594694
Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use Antibodies, Viral/blood *DNA Primers Drug Therapy, Combination Female Flaviviridae Infections/*drug therapy/*epidemiology/virology GB virus C/genetics/*isolation & purification HIV Infections/complications/drug therapy Humans Prevalence RNA, Viral/analysis/isolation & purification Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/therapeutic use Sensitivity and Specificity Treatment Outcome Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics/immunology Viremia/*drug therapy/*epidemiology/virology
I. E. A. Souza, J. B., Xiang, J., Klinzman, D., Diaz, R., Zhang, S., Chaloner, K., Zdunek, D., Hess, G., Williams, C. F., Benning, L., Stapleton, J. T. (2006). Effect of primer selection on estimates of GB virus C (GBV-C) prevalence and response to antiretroviral therapy for optimal testing for GBV-C viremia. J Clin Microbiol, 44(9), 3105-13. PMC1594694
Journal Article
Bimodal virological response to antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection: an application using a mixture model with left censoring
J Epidemiol Community Health
2006
Sep-06
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16905728
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess whether HIV RNA levels (log(10) scale) in highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) treated population have a bimodal distribution, suggesting optimal or suboptimal response to HAART. METHODS: The study population from two ongoing cohort studies comprised 564 men (4785 person visits) and 1173 women (8675 person visits) with known dates of HAART initiation and with HIV RNA measurements before and after initiation. Values below detection limit of assays were treated in the analysis as left censored. Maximum likelihood methods were used to estimate parameters and to determine possible bimodality of HIV RNA distributions. RESULTS: A two component mixture model fitted HIV RNA levels significantly better than did a single component distribution at different years from HAART initiation in both therapy experienced and therapy naive patients. In the fifth year after HAART initiation, 32% of men and 44% of women had HIV RNA in the higher component with medians of 52
10.1136/jech.2005.044644
16905728
PMC2566033
analysis antiretroviral therapy application assay Baltimore censoring cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Education epidemiology Genotype HAART health Hiv HIV infection infection measurement methods model Patient Education population Public Health response Rna study therapies therapy treatment women
X. C. Li, H., Gallant, J.E., Hoover, D.R., Mack, W.J., Chmiel, J.S., Muñoz, A. (2006). Bimodal virological response to antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection: an application using a mixture model with left censoring. J Epidemiol Community Health, 60(9), 811-818. PMC2566033
Journal Article
DC-SIGN is a receptor for human herpesvirus 8 on dendritic cells and macrophages
J Immunol
2006
2/1/2006
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16424204
Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) causes Kaposi's sarcoma and pleural effusion lymphoma. In this study, we show that dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3 grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN; CD209) is a receptor for HHV-8 infection of myeloid DCs and macrophages. DC-SIGN was required for virus attachment to these cells and DC-SIGN-expressing cell lines. HHV-8 binding and infection were blocked by anti-DC-SIGN mAb and soluble DC-SIGN, and mannan, a natural ligand for DC-SIGN. Infection of DCs and macrophages with HHV-8 led to production of viral proteins, with little production of viral DNA, similar to HHV-8 infection of vascular endothelial cells. Infection of DCs resulted in down-regulation of DC-SIGN, a decrease in endocytic activity, and an inhibition of Ag stimulation of CD8+ T cells. We propose that DC-SIGN serves as a portal for immune dysfunction and oncogenesis caused by HHV-8 infection
10.4049/jimmunol.176.3.1741
16424204
Adult Antibodies Antibodies,Monoclonal antibody CD8+ Cell Adhesion Molecules Cell Line Cell Line,Transformed cells Dendritic Cells Disease Dna Down-Regulation genetics health Herpesviridae Infections Herpesvirus 8,Human HHV-8 Human human herpesvirus Humans immune immune dysfunction immunology infection infectious diseases Integrin alpha3beta1 K562 Cells Kaposi's sarcoma Lectins,C-Type lymphoma macrophage Macrophages Mannans metabolism microbiology physiology Pittsburgh proteins Public Health Receptors,Cell Surface Receptors,Virus Research Support,N.I.H.,Extramural study t cell t-cells Viral Proteins virology virus
G. J. Rappocciolo, F.J., Hensler, H.R., Piazza, P., Jais, M., Borowski, L., Watkins, S.C., Rinaldo, C.R., Jr. (2006). DC-SIGN is a receptor for human herpesvirus 8 on dendritic cells and macrophages. J Immunol, 176(3), 1741-1749.
Journal Article
Repeat-region polymorphisms in the gene for the dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin-related molecule: effects on HIV-1 susceptibility
J Infect Dis
2006
1-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16453266
In 1716 individuals--801 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-seropositive individuals, 217 high-risk HIV-1-seronegative individuals, and 698 general HIV-1-seronegative individuals--from a Seattle cohort and a Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study cohort, the association between HIV-1 susceptibility and repeat-region polymorphisms in the gene for the dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin-related molecule (DC-SIGNR) was investigated; 16 genotypes were found in the DC-SIGNR repeat region. The DC-SIGNR homozygous 7/7 repeat was found to be associated with an increased risk of HIV-1 infection (17.5% in high-risk HIV-1-seronegative individuals vs. 28.5% in HIV-1-seropositive individuals; P=.0015), whereas the DC-SIGNR heterozygous 7/5 repeat tended to be correlated with resistance to HIV-1 infection (35.5% in high-risk HIV-1-seronegative individuals vs. 27.6% in HIV-1-seropositive individuals; P=.0291). These findings suggest that DC-SIGNR polymorphisms may
10.1086/499820
16453266
Cell Adhesion Molecules/*genetics Cohort Studies *Genetic Predisposition to Disease Genotype HIV Infections/*genetics HIV Seropositivity *HIV-1/immunology Humans Lectins, C-Type/*genetics *Polymorphism, Genetic Receptors, Cell Surface/*genetics Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid/*genetics
H. C. Liu, M., Wang, C., Holte, S., Lee, J., Greene, B., Hladik, F., Koelle, D. M., Wald, A., Kurosawa, K., Rinaldo, C. R., Celum, C., Detels, R., Corey, L., McElrath, M. J., Zhu, T. (2006). Repeat-region polymorphisms in the gene for the dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin-related molecule: effects on HIV-1 susceptibility. J Infect Dis, 193(5), 698-702.
Journal Article
Evaluating the impact of hepatitis C virus (HCV) on highly active antiretroviral therapy-mediated immune responses in HCV/HIV-coinfected women: role of HCV on expression of primed/memory T cells
J Infect Dis
2006
1-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16586355
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of hepatitis C virus (HCV) on the immune system before receipt of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and on immune recovery after receipt of HAART among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/HCV-coinfected women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. METHODS: The study included 294 HIV-infected women who initiated HAART and attended 2 follow-up visits. The women were grouped on the basis of positive HCV antibody and HCV RNA tests. There were 148 women who were HCV antibody negative, 34 who were HCV antibody positive but RNA negative, and 112 who were HCV antibody and RNA positive. Immune recovery was measured by flow-cytometric assessment for markers of activation and maturation on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Data analysis used repeated measures of variance.Results. HIV/HCV coinfection is associated with an increased number of CD4+ and CD8+ primed/memory T cells. HIV/HCV coinfection, however, did not affect any further decreases in CD4+ or CD
10.1086/500843
16586355
PMC3126663
Adolescent Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use Antigens, CD/analysis Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Biomarkers/analysis CD4 Lymphocyte Count CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/virology CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/virology Female HIV Infections/complications/*drug therapy/*immunology Hepacivirus/*immunology Hepatitis C, Chronic/complications/immunology/virology Humans Immunologic Memory Treatment Outcome
L. V. Al-Harthi, J., Du, W., Wright, D., Nowicki, M., Frederick, T., Landay, A., Kovacs, A. (2006). Evaluating the impact of hepatitis C virus (HCV) on highly active antiretroviral therapy-mediated immune responses in HCV/HIV-coinfected women: role of HCV on expression of primed/memory T cells. J Infect Dis, 193(9), 1202-10. PMC3126663
Journal Article
The Bolger conference on PDE-5 inhibition and HIV risk: implications for health policy and prevention
J Sex Med
2006
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17100928
INTRODUCTION: Recent reports have linked the use of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) inhibitors with increased rates of high-risk sexual behavior and HIV transmission in some individuals. AIM: A National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)-funded, multidisciplinary conference was convened to evaluate scientific research, clinical and ethical considerations, and public policy implications of this topic. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Published and unpublished findings on effects of PDE-5 inhibitors on sexual behavior; published guidelines and management recommendations. METHODS: Leading investigators in relevant disciplines (e.g., public health, epidemiology, medical ethics, urology, psychology) participated in a 2-day meeting, including representatives of government, scientific, and regulatory agencies (the Centers for Disease Control, Food and Drug Administration, NIMH, and the National Institute on Drug Abuse). Panelists provided critical reviews of substantive areas of research, followed by q
10.1111/j.1743-6109.2006.00323.x
17100928
3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases/*antagonists & inhibitors Erectile Dysfunction/drug therapy Female HIV Infections/*prevention & control *Health Policy Homosexuality, Male Humans Male Primary Prevention/*organization & administration *Risk-Taking Sex Education/organization & administration *Sexual Behavior Sexually Transmitted Diseases/prevention & control Societies, Medical
R. C. C. Rosen, J. A., Ehrhardt, A. A., Burnett, A. L., Lue, T. F., McKenna, K., Heiman, J. R., Schwarcz, S., Ostrow, D. G., Hirshfield, S., Purcell, D. W., Fisher, W. A., Stall, R., Halkitis, P. N., Latini, D. M., Elford, J., Laumann, E. O., Sonenstein, F. L., Greenblatt, D. J., Kloner, R. A., Lee, J., Malebranche, D., Janssen, E., Diaz, R., Klausner, J. D., Caplan, A. L., Jackson, G., Shabsigh, R., Khalsa, J. H., Stoff, D. M. (2006). The Bolger conference on PDE-5 inhibition and HIV risk: implications for health policy and prevention. J Sex Med, 3(6), 960-975.
Journal Article
Aging and HIV infection
J Urban Health
2006
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16736353
With the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in mid-1995, the prognosis for HIV-infected individuals has brightened dramatically. However, the conjunction of potent antiviral therapy and longer life expectancy may engender a variety of health risks that, heretofore, HIV specialists have not had to confront. The long-term effects of HIV infection itself and exposure to antiretroviral agents is unknown. Several aspects of aging, including psychiatric disease, neurocognitive impairment, and metabolic and hormonal disorders, may be influenced by chronic exposure to HIV and/or HIV therapeutics. In this paper, we discuss the health issues confronting HIV-infected older adults and areas for future research.
10.1007/s11524-005-9005-6
16736353
PMC2258332
Aging/*physiology/psychology Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use Endocrine System Diseases/etiology *HIV Infections/complications/diagnosis/drug therapy Humans Mental Disorders/complications Metabolic Diseases/etiology Middle Aged Risk-Taking
R. K. Kohli, R. S., Schoenbaum, E. E., Anastos, K., Minkoff, H., Sacks, H. S. (2006). Aging and HIV infection. J Urban Health, 83(1), 31-42. PMC2258332
Journal Article
Consistent effects of TSG101 genetic variability on multiple outcomes of exposure to human immunodeficiency virus type 1
J Virol
2006
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16809281
Tumor susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101) encodes a host cellular protein that is appropriated by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in the budding process of viral particles from infected cells. Variation in the coding or noncoding regions of the gene could potentially affect the degree of TSG101-mediated release of viral particles. While the coding regions of the gene were found to lack nonsynonymous variants, two polymorphic sites in the TSG101 5' area were identified that were associated with the rate of AIDS progression among Caucasians. These single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), located at positions -183 and +181 relative to the translation start, specify three haplotypes termed A, B, and C, which occur at frequencies of 67%, 21%, and 12%, respectively. Haplotype C is associated with relatively rapid AIDS progression, while haplotype B is associated with slower disease progression. Both effects were dominant over the intermediate haplotype A. The haplotypes also demonstr
10.1128/jvi.00094-06
16809281
PMC1489017
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/blood/*genetics CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/virology Cohort Studies DNA-Binding Proteins/*genetics Disease Progression Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport Female Gene Frequency/*genetics *hiv-1 Haplotypes/genetics Humans Male Open Reading Frames/*genetics *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide Time Factors Transcription Factors/*genetics Viral Load Virus Shedding/genetics
A. A. B. Bashirova, G., Qi, Y., Hutcheson, H., Yamashita, T., Johnson, R. C., Cheng, J., Alter, G., Goedert, J. J., Buchbinder, S., Hoots, K., Vlahov, D., May, M., Maldarelli, F., Jacobson, L., O'Brien S, J., Telenti, A., Carrington, M. (2006). Consistent effects of TSG101 genetic variability on multiple outcomes of exposure to human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Virol, 80(14), 6757-63. PMC1489017
Journal Article
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 env evolves toward ancestral states upon transmission to a new host
J Virol
2006
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16439520
Selecting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) sequences for inclusion within vaccines has been a difficult problem, as circulating HIV strains evolve relentlessly and become increasingly divergent over time. We report an assessment of this divergence from three perspectives: (i) across different hosts as a function of time of infection, (ii) between donors and recipients in known transmission pairs, and (iii) within individual hosts over time in relation to the initially replicating virus and to the deduced ancestral sequence of the intrahost viral population. Surprisingly, we consistently found less divergence between viruses from different individuals sampled in primary infection than in individuals sampled at more advanced stages of illness. Furthermore, longitudinal analysis of intrahost divergence revealed a 2- to 3-year period of evolution toward a common ancestral sequence at the start of infection, indicating that HIV recovers certain ancestral features when infecting a new host
10.1128/JVI.80.4.1637-1644.2006
16439520
PMC1367147
*Evolution, Molecular Gene Products, env/genetics *Genes, env *Genetic Variation Genome, Viral HIV Infections/*virology HIV-1/classification/*genetics/*physiology Humans Phylogeny Sequence Analysis, DNA Time Factors
J. T. N. Herbeck, D. C., Learn, G. H., Gottlieb, G. S., Curlin, M. E., Heath, L., Mullins, J. I. (2006). Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 env evolves toward ancestral states upon transmission to a new host. J Virol, 80(4), 1637-44. PMC1367147
Journal Article
Effects of HIV infection and its treatment on self-reported menstrual abnormalities in women
J Womens Health (Larchmt)
2006
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16796486
OBJECTIVE: To describe menstrual abnormalities among women with HIV. METHODS: Women in a multicenter prospective cohort study of HIV natural history reported menstrual abnormalities every 6-months between October 1994 and September 2002. Logistic regression and Cox proportional-hazards models were applied. RESULTS: The prevalence and incidence of menstrual abnormalities were <20%. HIV serostatus was not associated with prevalent menstrual abnormalities, but in HIV-seropositive women, higher CD4 counts were associated with fewer problems: compared with women with CD4 counts <200/mm3, in women with counts 200-500/mm3, odds ratio (OR) for amenorrhea was 0.55, p = 0.02, and for oligomenorrhea was 0.54, p = 0.0003; for women with counts >500/mm3, OR for amenorrhea was 0.67, p = 0.14, and for oligomenorrhea was 0.55, p = 0.001. HIV serostatus was not associated with incident abnormalities. Highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) use was not associated with prevalent abnormalities, but
10.1089/jwh.2006.15.591
16796486
Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active CD4 Lymphocyte Count Comorbidity Confidence Intervals Female HIV Infections/drug therapy/*epidemiology *HIV Seronegativity HIV Seropositivity/epidemiology Humans Incidence Menstruation Disturbances/*epidemiology Multicenter Studies as Topic Odds Ratio Prevalence Prospective Studies Risk Factors Surveys and Questionnaires *Women's Health
L. S. E. Massad, C. T., Minkoff, H., Watts, D. H., Greenblatt, R. M., Levine, A. M., Anastos, K., Young, M., Seifer, D. B., Golub, E., Cohen, M. (2006). Effects of HIV infection and its treatment on self-reported menstrual abnormalities in women. J Womens Health (Larchmt), 15(5), 591-8.
Journal Article
Predictive value of plasma HIV RNA level on rate of CD4 T-cell decline in untreated HIV infection
JAMA
2006
27-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17003398
CONTEXT: Plasma human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA level predicts HIV disease progression, but the extent to which it explains the variability in rate of CD4 cell depletion is poorly characterized. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the proportion of variability in rate of CD4 cell loss predicted by presenting plasma HIV RNA levels in untreated HIV-infected persons. DESIGN: Repeated-measures analyses of 2 multicenter cohorts, comprising observations beginning on May 12, 1984, and ending on August 26, 2004. Analyses were conducted between August 2004 and March 2006. SETTING: Two cohorts of HIV-infected persons: patients followed up at 4 US teaching medical institutions or participating in either the Research in Access to Care for the Homeless Cohort (REACH) or the San Francisco Men's Health Study (SFMHS) cohorts and participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) cohort. PARTICIPANTS: Antiretroviral treatment-naive, chronically HIV-infected persons (n = 1289 and n = 1512 for each of th
10.1001/jama.296.12.1498
17003398
Adult *CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Disease Progression Female HIV/genetics HIV Infections/*immunology/virology Humans Male RNA, Viral/blood *Viral Load
B. S. Rodriguez, A. K., Cheruvu, V. K., Mackay, W., Bosch, R. J., Kitahata, M., Boswell, S. L., Mathews, W. C., Bangsberg, D. R., Martin, J., Whalen, C. C., Sieg, S., Yadavalli, S., Deeks, S. G., Lederman, M. M. (2006). Predictive value of plasma HIV RNA level on rate of CD4 T-cell decline in untreated HIV infection. JAMA, 296(12), 1498-506.
Journal Article
A novel pattern of lipoaccumulation in HIV-infected men
JAMA
2006
16-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16905782
10.1001/jama.296.7.766
16905782
Adult HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome/*physiopathology Humans Male Middle Aged
F. J. Palella, Jr., Chmiel, J. S., Riddler, S. A., Calhoun, B., Dobs, A., Visscher, B., Kingsley, L. (2006). A novel pattern of lipoaccumulation in HIV-infected men. JAMA, 296(7), 766-8.
Journal Article
Effects of human immunodeficiency virus on protracted amenorrhea and ovarian dysfunction
Obstet Gynecol
2006
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17138776
OBJECTIVE: To characterize ovarian failure and prolonged amenorrhea from other causes in women who are both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive and seronegative. METHODS: This was a cohort study nested in the Women's Interagency HIV Study, a multicenter U.S. study of HIV infection in women. Prolonged amenorrhea was defined as no vaginal bleeding for at least 1 year. A serum follicle stimulating hormone more than 25 milli-International Units/mL and prolonged amenorrhea were used to define ovarian failure. Logistic regressions, chi2, and t tests were performed to estimate relationships between HIV-infection and cofactors with both ovarian failure and amenorrhea from other causes. RESULTS: Results were available for 1,431 women (1,139 HIV seropositive and 292 seronegative). More than one half of the HIV positive women with prolonged amenorrhea of at least 1 year did not have ovarian failure. When adjusted for age, HIV seropositive women were about three times more likely than
10.1097/01.AOG.0000245442.29969.5c
17138776
Adolescent Adult Amenorrhea/*complications Cohort Studies Female HIV Seronegativity HIV Seropositivity/*complications Humans Middle Aged Primary Ovarian Insufficiency/*complications Risk Factors
H. E. K. Cejtin, A., Bacchetti, P., Taylor, R. N., Watts, D. H., Kim, S., Massad, L. S., Preston-Martin, S., Anastos, K., Moxley, M., Minkoff, H. L. (2006). Effects of human immunodeficiency virus on protracted amenorrhea and ovarian dysfunction. Obstet Gynecol, 108(6), 1423-31.
Journal Article
Relationship of pregnancy to human papillomavirus among human immunodeficiency virus-infected women
Obstet Gynecol
2006
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17012459
OBJECTIVE: Because parity is a reported risk factor for cervical cancer, we sought to estimate the effects of pregnancy on the prevalence, incident detection, and copy number of human papillomavirus (HPV) among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women, patients at high risk for cervical cancer. METHODS: Human immunodeficiency virus-infected women who had a pregnancy in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (n = 178) and the Women and Infants Transmission Study (n = 450) underwent serial type-specific HPV DNA testing using MY09/MY11 polymerase chain reaction. During pregnancy and during the prepregnancy and postpregnancy periods, we assessed HPV prevalence, incident detection, and HPV copy number (estimated using hybridization signal strength) of both oncogenic and nononcogenic HPV. All binary-regression analyses incorporated generalized estimating equations to address the repeated observations of the same women over time, and were further adjusted for parity, gestational age, smok
10.1097/01.AOG.0000236447.81813.c3
17012459
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/*epidemiology Adult DNA, Viral/analysis Female HIV Infections/*complications Humans Papillomaviridae/genetics/*isolation & purification Papillomavirus Infections/*epidemiology Pregnancy Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/*epidemiology Prevalence Regression Analysis Smoking/adverse effects
H. S. Minkoff, X., Watts, D. H., Leighty, R., Hershow, R., Palefsky, J., Tuomala, R., Neu, N., Zorrilla, C. D., Paul, M., Strickler, H. (2006). Relationship of pregnancy to human papillomavirus among human immunodeficiency virus-infected women. Obstet Gynecol, 108(4), 953-60.
Journal Article
DC-SIGN on B lymphocytes is required for transmission of HIV-1 to T lymphocytes
PLoS Pathog
2006
Jul-06
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16839201
Infection of T cells by HIV-1 can occur through binding of virus to dendritic cell (DC)-specific ICAM-3 grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) on dendritic cells and transfer of virus to CD4+ T cells. Here we show that a subset of B cells in the blood and tonsils of normal donors expressed DC-SIGN, and that this increased after stimulation in vitro with interleukin 4 and CD40 ligand, with enhanced expression of activation and co-stimulatory molecules CD23, CD58, CD80, and CD86, and CD22. The activated B cells captured and internalized X4 and R5 tropic strains of HIV-1, and mediated trans infection of T cells. Pretreatment of the B cells with anti-DC-SIGN monoclonal antibody blocked trans infection of T cells by both strains of HIV-1. These results indicate that DC-SIGN serves as a portal on B cells for HIV-1 infection of T cells in trans. Transmission of HIV-1 from B cells to T cells through this DC-SIGN pathway could be important in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection
10.1371/journal.ppat.0020070
16839201
PMC1500807
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome activation analysis Antibodies antibody Antigens Antigens,CD B cells B-Lymphocytes blood Blood Cells CD4+ CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes CD40 Ligand Cell Adhesion Molecules cells chemistry Dendritic Cells Disease drug effects etiology genetics health HIV Infections Hiv-1 HIV-1 infection Human Humans immunology In Vitro infection infectious diseases Interleukin-4 Lectins,C-Type lymphocyte Lymphocyte Activation Lymphocytes metabolism microbiology pathogenesis pathogenicity pathology Pennsylvania pharmacology physiology physiopathology Pittsburgh Protein Binding Public Health Receptors,Cell Surface Research Support,N.I.H.,Extramural Rna RNA,Messenger t cell t lymphocytes t-cells T-Lymphocytes Tonsil transmission virology virus
G. P. Rappocciolo, P., Fuller, C.L., Reinhart, T.A., Watkins, S.C., Rowe, D.T., Jais, M., Gupta, P., Rinaldo, C.R. (2006). DC-SIGN on B lymphocytes is required for transmission of HIV-1 to T lymphocytes. PLoS Pathog, 2(7), e70. PMC1500807
Journal Article
KIR/HLA Pleiotropism: Protection against Both HIV and Opportunistic Infections
PLoS Pathog
2006
8/18/2006
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16933987
The compound genotype KIR3DS1/HLA-B Bw4-80I, which presumably favors natural killer cell activation, has been implicated in protection against HIV disease. We show that this genotype confers dual protection over the course of HIV disease; early direct containment of HIV viral load, and late specific defense against opportunistic infections, but not AIDS-related malignancies. The double protection of KIR3DS1/Bw4-80I in an etiologically complex disease such as AIDS, along with the disease specificity of its effects is conceptually novel and underscores the intricacy of host immunogenetics against HIV/AIDS
10.1371/journal.ppat.0020079
16933987
PMC1550271
activation AIDS AIDS-related Disease effects Genotype Hiv HIV/AIDS infection infections opportunistic Opportunistic Infections Viral Load
Y. M. Qi, M.P., Gao, X., Jacobson, L., Goedert, J.J., Buchbinder, S., Kirk, G.D., O'Brien, S.J., Trowsdale, J., Carrington, M. (2006). KIR/HLA Pleiotropism: Protection against Both HIV and Opportunistic Infections. PLoS Pathog, 2(8), 741-745. PMC1550271
Journal Article
Detection of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) in normal prostates
Prostate
2006
1-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16705741
BACKGROUND: Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) DNA has been detected in semen and prostatic tissues in some, but not all reports. We have analyzed prostate tissues from HHV-8 seropositive men for the expression of viral proteins and determined if expression of these proteins are associated with increased inflammation. METHODS: Paraffin sections of non-cancerous prostates from HHV-8 seropositive (n = 16) and seronegative (n = 2) men who died with AIDS were screened for expression of three viral proteins by immunohistochemistry. Levels of inflammation were determined by expression of CD68 and CD20. Cellular proliferation was determined by expression of Ki67. RESULTS: Among the 16 HHV-8 seropositive cases, 68.9% (11/16) (95% C.I. = 0.41-0.89) were positive for HHV-8 protein expression, while the 2 seronegative patients showed no HHV-8 protein expression. There was increased inflammation among HHV-8 positive prostates. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that HHV-8 is present in normal prostat
10.1002/pros.20459
16705741
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/metabolism Adult Antigens, CD/metabolism Antigens, CD20/metabolism Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism Antigens, Viral/metabolism Gene Expression Profiling Gene Expression Regulation, Viral Glycoproteins/metabolism Herpesviridae Infections/immunology/*metabolism/pathology Herpesvirus 8, Human/*metabolism Humans Immunohistochemistry Inflammation Interleukin-6/metabolism Male Middle Aged Nuclear Proteins/metabolism Prostate/*metabolism/pathology/*virology Prostatic Diseases/immunology/metabolism/virology Viral Proteins/*metabolism
J. D. J. Montgomery, L. P., Dhir, R., Jenkins, F. J. (2006). Detection of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) in normal prostates. Prostate, 66(12), 1302-10.
Journal Article
Impacts of HIV infection and HAART use on quality of life
Qual Life Res
2006
Aug-06
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16900275
BACKGROUND: Studies have shown the detrimental effect of HIV disease on quality of life (QOL). Changes in QOL related to the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) have been inconsistent and it is unknown how QOL after HAART compares to pre-infection levels. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the impacts of becoming HIV infected and using HAART on QOL within individuals followed in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). METHODS: Using the standard Medical Outcome Study SF-36 form, QOL data were collected pre-seroconversion, post-seroconversion but before HAART initiation, and after HAART initiation for 68 seroconverters. The QOL physical health summary score (PHS) and mental health summary score (MHS) were used as outcomes. The effects of HIV infection and HAART use on QOL summary scores were determined using random effects mixed linear models after controlling for possible confounders. The clinical significance of QOL change was assessed using the
10.1007/s11136-005-5913-x
16900275
AIDS antiretroviral therapy Baltimore change clinical cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Disease effects HAART health Hiv HIV infection infection Linear Models MACS Mental Health methods model multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study outcome Public Health Quality of Life seroconversion study therapies therapy
C. O. Liu, D., Detels, R., Hu, Z., Johnson, L., Kingsley, L., Jacobson, L.P. (2006). Impacts of HIV infection and HAART use on quality of life. Qual Life Res, 15(6), 941-949.
Journal Article
Sample size and statistical power assessing the effect of interventions in the context of mixture distributions with detection limits
Stat Med
2006
15-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16456897
Often in randomized clinical trials and observational cohort studies, a non-negative continuously distributed response variable is measured in treatment and control groups. In the presence of true zeros for the response variable, a two-part zero-inflated log-normal model (which assumes that the data has a probability mass at zero and a continuous response for values greater than zero) is usually recommended. However, in some environmental health and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) studies, quantitative assays for metabolites of toxicants, or quantitative HIV RNA measurements are subject to left-censoring due to values falling below the limit of detection (LD). Here, a zero-inflated log-normal mixture model is often suggested since true zeros are indistinguishable from left-censored values due to the LD. When the probabilities of true zeros in the two groups are not restricted to be equal, the information contributed by values falling below LD is used only to estimate the probability
10.1002/sim.2503
16456897
Aflatoxin M1/urine Cohort Studies Computer Simulation Drug Evaluation/*methods Food Contamination/analysis Humans *Models, Statistical Monte Carlo Method Pyrazines/pharmacology Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/*methods *Sample Size Sensitivity and Specificity
H. N. Chu, L., Cole, S. R. (2006). Sample size and statistical power assessing the effect of interventions in the context of mixture distributions with detection limits. Stat Med, 25(15), 2647-57.
Journal Article
Model-based estimation of the attributable risk in case-control and cohort studies
Stat Methods Med Res
2006
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17260927
In a comprehensive review, Benichou recently discussed adjusted estimators of the attributable risk (AR). Among these are model-based estimates, where adjustment for confounding factors is based on a regression model. Different model-based approaches have been developed for case-control and cohort studies. The purpose of this article is to provide a detailed review and illustration of model-based methods for both types of sampling. For case-control studies, we show that two previously proposed approaches for the common case of a logistic regression model are in fact identical. This allows a unified approach to the estimation of the adjusted AR, which also accommodates stratified sampling. For cohort studies, a loglinear model is proposed for the case where cross-sectional sampling allows estimation of the prevalence of exposure; the approach can also be used for stratified sampling when the prevalence is known or can be estimated. For both designs, the standard error of the adjusted AR
10.1177/0962280206071930
17260927
PMC3462467
*Case-Control Studies *Cohort Studies Humans Logistic Models Models, Statistical Prospective Studies Risk Assessment/*statistics & numerical data
C. Cox (2006). Model-based estimation of the attributable risk in case-control and cohort studies. Stat Methods Med Res, 15(6), 611-25. PMC3462467
Journal Article
Elevated serum soluble CD30 precedes the development of AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin's B cell lymphoma
Tumour Biol
2006
4/27/2006
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16651853
CD30, first described as the Ki antigen on malignant B cells in Hodgkin's lymphoma, is also expressed on normal activated B and T cells. It can be cleaved from the cell surface and detected in normal serum as soluble CD30 (sCD30), where it can be an indicator of levels of immune activation. In a cross-sectional study utilizing archived sera at a time point close to but preceding a diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-associated non-Hodgkin's B cell lymphoma, AIDS lymphoma subjects (n = 49) showed elevated mean levels of sCD30 compared to controls with AIDS but no malignancy (n = 44, p < 0.01), HIV-infected but relatively healthy (n = 47, p < 0.001), or HIV-seronegative controls (n = 44, p < 0.001). Serum sCD30 was significantly correlated to serum levels of the B cell cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, and sCD23, but only among lymphoma subjects (p < or = 0.05). Correlations between sCD30 and other markers of immune system activation were seen among all HIV-infect
10.1159/000093022
16651853
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/physiopathology Antigens, CD/blood Biomarkers CD4 Lymphocyte Count HIV Infections/physiopathology Humans Interleukins/blood Ki-1 Antigen/*blood Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/blood/*immunology/mortality Lymphoma, B-Cell/blood/*immunology/mortality Predictive Value of Tests Survival Analysis
E. C. F. Breen, S., Epeldegui, M., Boscardin, W. J., Detels, R., Martinez-Maza, O. (2006). Elevated serum soluble CD30 precedes the development of AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin's B cell lymphoma. Tumour Biol, 27(4), 187-94.
Journal Article
Transience of vaccine-induced HIV-1-specific CTL and definition of vaccine "response"
Vaccine
2006
24-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16545508
Many vaccine approaches emphasize producing HIV-1-specific CD8+ T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses. Towards this goal, many studies simply classify vaccinees as "responders" or "nonresponders," based on arbitrary cutoff criteria. HIV-1-uninfected participants receiving the TBC-3B vaccine were assessed for HIV-1-specific CTL by interferon-gamma ELISpot, and compared to HIV-1-infected control subjects not on antiretroviral therapy. Vaccinees also were tested for HIV-1-specific antibody responses and generalized CD8+ T-lymphocyte activation. Different criteria for vaccine "responder" status were applied to the measured CTL values. The vaccinees showed evidence of vaccine exposure by CD8+ T-lymphocyte activation and HIV-1-specific antibodies. Considering any single positive HIV-1-specific CTL measurement a vaccine "response," all vaccinees could be classified as "responders," but even slight increases in the stringency of response criteria resulted in a steep decline of the "response" rate. In c
10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.02.023
16545508
AIDS Vaccines/*immunology Adult Aged CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology HIV Antibodies/blood HIV-1/*immunology Humans Lymphocyte Activation Middle Aged T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*immunology Vaccination
B. D. I. Jamieson, F. J., Wong, J. T., Hausner, M. A., Ng, H. L., Fuerst, M., Price, C., Shih, R., Elliott, J., Hultin, P. M., Hultin, L. E., Anton, P. A., Yang, O. O. (2006). Transience of vaccine-induced HIV-1-specific CTL and definition of vaccine "response". Vaccine, 24(17), 3426-31.
Journal Article
Minimization of genetic distances by the consensus, ancestral, and center-of-tree (COT) sequences for HIV-1 variants within an infected individual and the design of reagents to test immune reactivity
Virology
2006
10-May
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16545415/
Eliciting maximal immune responses to highly divergent viruses is a challenge and a focus in AIDS vaccine development. Another challenge is to identify the immune correlates of protective immunity. Recent AIDS vaccine design approaches attempt to use reconstructed centralized viral sequences that minimize genetic differences to circulating viruses. Using these approaches, we derive and analyze consensus (CON), ancestral (ANC), and center-of-tree (COT) sequences to represent intra-individual HIV-1 env variants encoding a range of diversities and phylogenetic structures. Each reconstructed sequence significantly minimized genetic distances to extant sequences throughout the first 5 years of infection of an individual. Interestingly, ANC sequences diverged and were not significantly better than extant sequences in minimizing genetic distances at later stages of infection and disease, likely due to the development of a substantially asymmetric phylogeny. COT or CON sequences derived from a
10.1016/virol.2005.11.055
16545415
hiv-1 hcv quasispecies genetic variation immune response cytotoxic t lymphocytes vaccine antibodies immunotherapy human-immunodeficiency-virus t-cell responses retroviral shuttle vector single replication cycle type-1 infection envelope glycoprotein reverse-transcriptase lymphocyte responses mutational hotspots positive selection
G. S. C. Kesturu, B. A., Liu, Y., Heath, L., Shaikh, O. S., Rinaldo, C. R., Shankarappa, R. (2006). Minimization of genetic distances by the consensus, ancestral, and center-of-tree (COT) sequences for HIV-1 variants within an infected individual and the design of reagents to test immune reactivity. Virology, 348(2), 437-448.
Journal Article
Effects of human TRIM5alpha polymorphisms on antiretroviral function and susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus infection
Virology
2006
10-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16887163
TRIM5alpha acts on several retroviruses, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1), to restrict cross-species transmission. Using natural history cohorts and tissue culture systems, we examined the effect of polymorphism in human TRIM5alpha on HIV-1 infection. In African Americans, the frequencies of two non-coding SNP variant alleles in exon 1 and intron 1 of TRIM5 were elevated in HIV-1-infected persons compared with uninfected subjects. By contrast, the frequency of the variant allele encoding TRIM5alpha 136Q was relatively elevated in uninfected individuals, suggesting a possible protective effect. TRIM5alpha 136Q protein exhibited slightly better anti-HIV-1 activity in tissue culture than the TRIM5alpha R136 protein. The 43Y variant of TRIM5alpha was less efficient than the H43 variant at restricting HIV-1 and murine leukemia virus infections in cultured cells. The ancestral TRIM5 haplotype specifying no observed variant alleles appeared to be protective against infection, an
10.1016/j.virol.2006.06.031
16887163
Adolescent Adult African Americans/genetics Amino Acid Substitution Animals Carrier Proteins/*genetics/physiology Cell Line Child Child, Preschool Disease Susceptibility Dogs Exons Gene Frequency Green Fluorescent Proteins/analysis/genetics HIV Infections/*genetics/*immunology HIV-1/growth & development Haplotypes Humans Infant Infant, Newborn Introns Leukemia Virus, Murine/growth & development Logistic Models *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
H. A. Javanbakht, P., Gold, B., Petersen, D. C., O'Huigin, C., Nelson, G. W., O'Brien, S. J., Kirk, G. D., Detels, R., Buchbinder, S., Donfield, S., Shulenin, S., Song, B., Perron, M. J., Stremlau, M., Sodroski, J., Dean, M., Winkler, C. (2006). Effects of human TRIM5alpha polymorphisms on antiretroviral function and susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus infection. Virology, 354(1), 15-27.
Journal Article
The relationship between non-injection drug use behaviors on progression to AIDS and death in a cohort of HIV seropositive women in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy use
Addiction
2005
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15955015
AIMS: To evaluate the effects of longitudinal patterns and types of non-injection drug use (NIDU) on HIV progression in the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era. DESIGN: Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), a prospective cohort study conducted at six US sites. METHODS: Data were collected semi-annually from 1994 to 2002 on 1046 HIV(+) women. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to estimate relative hazards for developing AIDS and for death by pattern and type of NIDU. FINDINGS: During follow-up, 285 AIDS events and 287 deaths, of which 177 were AIDS-related, were reported. At baseline, consistent and former NIDU was associated with CD4(+) counts of < 200 cells/microl (43% and 46%, respectively) and viral load > 40,000 copies/ml (53% and 55%, respectively). Consistent NIDU reported less HAART use (53%) compared with other NIDU patterns. Stimulant use was associated with CD4(+) cell counts of < 200 cells/microl (53%) and lower HAART initiation (63%) compar
10.1111/j.1360-0443.2005.01098.x
15955015
PMC3128378
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/mortality/*therapy/virology Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Disease Progression Female HIV Seropositivity/mortality/therapy/virology Humans Middle Aged Proportional Hazards Models Prospective Studies Substance-Related Disorders/*mortality
F. C. Kapadia, J. A., Cohen, M. H., Sohler, N., Kovacs, A., Greenblatt, R. M., Choudhary, I., Vlahov, D. (2005). The relationship between non-injection drug use behaviors on progression to AIDS and death in a cohort of HIV seropositive women in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy use. Addiction, 100(7), 990-1002. PMC3128378
Journal Article
Brain deposition of beta-amyloid is a common pathologic feature in HIV positive patients
AIDS
2005
4-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15750394
BACKGROUND: We planned to analyze the prevalence and distribution of beta-amyloid deposition in the HIV+ brain in the HAART era. Our working hypothesis is that long term survival, aging and the secondary effects of HAART may contribute to increased beta-amyloid accumulation in this patient population. METHODS: Paraffin embedded archival brain autopsy tissues were assessed by immunocytochemistry for beta-amyloid. Detailed in-vivo neuro-behavioral assessments and ApoE genotyping were available for a subset of the studied population. RESULTS: Immunoreactivity with the antibodies 4G8 and 6E10 was found predominantly in neuronal soma and dystrophic axonal processes. Extracellular, often perivascular plaques were also identified in many cases. CONCLUSIONS: We propose that prolonged HAART and aging may contribute to an overall increase in amyloid deposition, potentially mediated by inhibition of insulin degradation enzyme (IDE) or disruption of the axonal transport of the amyloid precursor pr
10.1097/01.aids.0000161770.06158.5c
15750394
Adult Aged Amyloid beta-Peptides/*metabolism Amyloidosis/metabolism/*virology Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/adverse effects Brain Diseases/metabolism/*virology Female HIV Infections/*complications/drug therapy/metabolism Humans Male Middle Aged Paraffin Embedding
D. A. M. Green, E., Vinters, H. V., Beizai, P., Moore, D. J., Achim, C. L. (2005). Brain deposition of beta-amyloid is a common pathologic feature in HIV positive patients. AIDS, 19(4), 407-11.
Journal Article
Elevated levels of soluble CD44 precede the development of AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphoma
AIDS
2005
14-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16184051
10.1097/01.aids.0000184924.04983.7c
16184051
Biomarkers, Tumor/*blood HIV Infections/immunology Homosexuality Humans Hyaluronan Receptors/*blood Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/*immunology Lymphoma, B-Cell/*immunology Male
E. C. E. Breen, M., Boscardin, W. J., Widney, D. P., Detels, R., Martinez-Maza, O. (2005). Elevated levels of soluble CD44 precede the development of AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphoma. AIDS, 19(15), 1711-2.
Journal Article
Association between highly active antiretroviral therapy and hypertension in a large cohort of men followed from 1984 to 2003
AIDS
2005
6/10/2005
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15905677
OBJECTIVE:UO1-AI-35041: To examine the impact of HIV infection and highly active antiretroviral therapy on systolic and diastolic hypertension. DESIGN: Cohort study with semi-annual assessment of the outcome. METHODS: We studied 5578 participants of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study with blood pressure measurements obtained between 1984 and 2003. The primary outcomes were systolic hypertension (SH; systolic blood pressure > 140 mmHg) and diastolic hypertension (DH; diastolic blood pressure > 90 mmHg). Statistical analyses were performed using multiple logistic regression with robust variance estimation. RESULTS: Of the 84 813 person-visits available for analysis, 7.3 and 8.0% showed SH and DH, respectively. Controlling for age, race, body mass index, and smoking, HIV positive men not taking antiretroviral therapy were significantly less likely than HIV negative men to have SH [odds ratio (OR), 0.79; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.70-0.89], as were men taking mono/combination therapy (
10.1097/01.aids.0000171410.76607.f8
15905677
Adult adverse effects age AIDS analysis antiretroviral therapy Antiretroviral Therapy,Highly Active Baltimore blood Blood Pressure Body Mass Index category: clinical/epidemiological chemically induced cohort Cohort Studies cohort study control drug therapy Epidemiologic Methods epidemiology estimation HAART health Hiv HIV infection HIV Infections Humans Hypertension infection Male Maryland measurement methods Middle Aged multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Multicenter Studies outcome Pressure Prevalence Public Health Research Support,N.I.H.,Extramural Research Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. Risk Smoking statistical study therapies therapy United States
E. C. M. Seaberg, A., Lu, M., Detels, R., Margolick, J.B., Riddler, S.A., Williams, C.M., Phair, J.P. (2005). Association between highly active antiretroviral therapy and hypertension in a large cohort of men followed from 1984 to 2003. AIDS, 19(9), 953-960.
Journal Article
Neuropsychological functioning in a cohort of HIV- and hepatitis C virus-infected women
AIDS
2005
14-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16184036
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the neurocognitive function in 220 women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), a study of disease progression in women living with HIV/AIDS and in HIV-negative controls. METHODS: We evaluated the prevalence of abnormal neuropsychological (NP) results in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive compared with HCV-negative women in combination with HIV serostatus. RESULTS: NP impairment was significantly higher for HCV-positive women in comparison with HCV-negative women [odds ratio (OR), 2.03; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.17-3.51]. Women co-infected with HCV and HIV demonstrated greater abnormal NP performance than those not infected with either, particularly if there was evidence of CD4 T-lymphocyte immunosuppression [> 200 x 10(6) CD4 cells/l (OR, 3.48; 95% CI, 1.49-8.15) and < or = 200 x 10(6) CD4 cells/l (OR, 5.38; 95% CI, 1.46-19.84)]. Women who were HCV-positive/HIV-positive and not taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) were more likely (OR, 7.03; 95
10.1097/01.aids.0000186824.53359.62
16184036
Adult Age Factors Aging/psychology Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use Cognition Disorders/*virology Female HIV Infections/complications/drug therapy/*psychology Hepatitis C/complications/*psychology Humans Intelligence Middle Aged Neuropsychological Tests Risk Factors
J. L. N. Richardson, M., Danley, K., Martin, E. M., Cohen, M. H., Gonzalez, R., Vassileva, J., Levine, A. M. (2005). Neuropsychological functioning in a cohort of HIV- and hepatitis C virus-infected women. AIDS, 19(15), 1659-67.
Journal Article
Eligibility criteria for HIV clinical trials and generalizability of results: the gap between published reports and study protocols
AIDS
2005
4-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16227797
OBJECTIVE: Applicability of randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT) results to 'real world' situations is dependent on the comparability of trial participants to general patient populations. A full disclosure of criteria employed for trial enrollment is necessary for clinicians to assess generalizability. We sought to assess both the impact on generalizability and the disclosure rate of enrollment criteria for 32 major HIV RCTs in the AIDS Clinical Trial Group (ACTG) and Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS (CPCRA) trial networks. DESIGN AND METHODS: Eligibility criteria were compared in complete protocols to criteria listed in publications from these 32 NIH-funded HIV RCTs. We then applied these criteria to the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), the largest cohort study of HIV-infected women in the US. RESULTS: When applied to WIHS, eligibility criteria from protocols excluded 0-67.6% (median 42%) of WIHS participants (50.6% excluded from ACTG trials). Eligibility cr
10.1097/01.aids.0000189866.67182.f7
16227797
Clinical Protocols Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy Humans *Patient Selection Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/*methods
M. A. Gandhi, N., Bacchetti, P., Sharp, G. B., French, A. L., Young, M., Gange, S. J., Anastos, K., Holman, S., Levine, A., Greenblatt, R. M. (2005). Eligibility criteria for HIV clinical trials and generalizability of results: the gap between published reports and study protocols. AIDS, 19(16), 1885-96.
Journal Article
Patterns of the hazard of death after AIDS through the evolution of antiretroviral therapy: 1984-2004
AIDS
2005
18-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16260908
OBJECTIVE: To characterize changing survival patterns after development of clinical AIDS from 1984 to 2004, when different antiretroviral therapies were being introduced. DESIGN: Cohort of homosexual men since 1984 and cohort of women since 1994. METHODS: A total of 1504 men and 461 women were followed for all-cause mortality after an incident AIDS diagnosis. Relative hazards of death and relative times to death were determined in five therapy eras: no/monotherapy (July 1984-December 1989), monotherapy/combination therapy (January 1990-December 1994), HAART introduction (January 1995-June 1998), short-term stable HAART use (July 1998-June 2001), and moderate-term stable HAART use (July 2001-December 2003). RESULTS: A total of 1057 (54%) study participants died. The time at which 25% of individuals died after an AIDS diagnosis increased significantly from 0.56 years [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.50-0.64] in the no/monotherapy era to 0.74 (95% CI, 0.67-0.82), 1.78 (95% CI, 1.29-2.44),
10.1097/01.aids.0000189864.90053.22
16260908
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/immunology/mortality Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy/immunology/*mortality Anti-Retroviral Agents/*therapeutic use Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/methods CD4 Lymphocyte Count/methods Cohort Studies Drug Resistance, Viral Drug Therapy, Combination Female Homosexuality, Male Humans Male RNA, Viral/analysis Survival Analysis Treatment Outcome Virus Replication
M. F. G. Schneider, S. J., Williams, C. M., Anastos, K., Greenblatt, R. M., Kingsley, L., Detels, R., Munoz, A. (2005). Patterns of the hazard of death after AIDS through the evolution of antiretroviral therapy: 1984-2004. AIDS, 19(17), 2009-18.
Journal Article
Sex and the course of HIV infection in the pre- and highly active antiretroviral therapy eras
AIDS
2005
4-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15750389
We reviewed the available literature on the potential effects of sex on the course of HIV infection and found that there is little evidence for sex differences in the rate of disease progression in the pre-highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and HAART era. Compared to men, women appeared to have lower HIV RNA levels and higher CD4 cell counts shortly after infection with HIV, but studies were inconclusive regarding whether these differences diminish over time. Differences in viral load or CD4+ cell count might cause women to delay initiation of HAART. Nonetheless, we found no substantial sex difference in the benefit of antiretroviral therapy. The studies we reviewed failed to find any harmful effect of pregnancy on HIV disease progression. With the availability of effective antiretroviral agents, HIV-infected women have increasingly decided to have children. Conflicting results exist on the effect of HAART on regression of cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN). Unlike CIN
10.1097/01.aids.0000161765.75663.27
15750389
*Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active CD4 Lymphocyte Count Disease Progression Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/immunology/virology *hiv-1 Humans Male Pregnancy Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/drug therapy/immunology/virology Sex Factors
M. M. Prins, L., Hessol, N. A. (2005). Sex and the course of HIV infection in the pre- and highly active antiretroviral therapy eras. AIDS, 19(4), 357-70.
Journal Article
Clonal breadth of the HIV-1-specific T-cell receptor repertoire in vivo as determined by subtractive analysis
AIDS
2005
10-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15905669
OBJECTIVE: Although the epitopic breadth of HIV-1-specific CD8 T lymphocyte (CTL) responses has been described, the T cell receptor (TCR) diversity of virus-specific cells remains poorly defined. DESIGN AND METHODS: To address this issue, we applied a novel technique for subtractive analysis of the HIV-1-specific CTL repertoire, combining specific deletion of peptide-specific cells by 5-fluorouracil with TCR spectratyping to identify clonal breadth of CTL recognizing individual peptides. RESULTS: Comprehensive analysis of an infected individual reveals that nine identified HIV-1-specific responses are comprised of at least 38 distinct T-cell clones (ranging from two to 10 distinct clones per epitope). CONCLUSION: Given the potentially crucial role of T-cell receptor breadth for viral recognition and avoidance of escape, this subepitopic analysis of CTL may offer an important measure of cellular immunity for pathogenesis and vaccine studies.
10.1097/01.aids.0000171402.00372.c2
15905669
CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology Clonal Deletion Clone Cells/immunology Complementarity Determining Regions/immunology Cytotoxicity, Immunologic Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology Flow Cytometry/methods HIV Infections/*immunology *hiv-1 Humans Immunity, Cellular Male Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*immunology Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
M. S. S. Killian, R. L., Kilpatrick, S., Hausner, M. A., Jamieson, B. D., Yang, O. O. (2005). Clonal breadth of the HIV-1-specific T-cell receptor repertoire in vivo as determined by subtractive analysis. AIDS, 19(9), 887-96.
Journal Article
Cumulative exposure to nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors is associated with insulin resistance markers in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
AIDS
2005
2-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16103768
OBJECTIVE: To estimate insulin resistance and its relationship to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in a cohort of HIV-infected persons with comparison to HIV-seronegative controls. DESIGN: Prospective cohort of 533 HIV-infected and 755 HIV-seronegative men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study evaluated at 6-month intervals between 1999 and 2003. METHODS: Recent ART exposure was assessed by type of treatment in the preceding 6 months [i.e., no ART, monotherapy, combination ART, or highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) with and without a protease inhibitor (PI)]. Cumulative exposure was determined for the three major ART classes and for individual medications within each class. Two endpoints, a modified QUICKI index, 100 x 1/[log10(glucose) + log10(insulin)] and fasting hyperinsulinemia (insulin > 15 microU/ml), were assessed. All statistical models were adjusted for age, body mass index, race, nadir CD4 cell count, hepatitis C serostatus and family history of diabetes mellitus. RESUL
10.1097/01.aids.0000181011.62385.91
16103768
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*adverse effects Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/adverse effects Body Mass Index Drug Therapy, Combination Fasting/blood HIV Infections/blood/*drug therapy/physiopathology HIV Protease Inhibitors/adverse effects Humans Hyperinsulinism/chemically induced *Insulin Resistance Male Prospective Studies Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/*adverse effects
T. T. L. Brown, X., Cole, S. R., Kingsley, L. A., Palella, F. J., Riddler, S. A., Chmiel, J. S., Visscher, B. R., Margolick, J. B., Dobs, A. S. (2005). Cumulative exposure to nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors is associated with insulin resistance markers in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. AIDS, 19(13), 1375-83.
Journal Article
Relationship of U1 cell HIV-stimulatory activity to bacterial vaginosis and HIV genital tract virus load
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2005
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16386111
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) has been associated with HIV sexual transmission and increased levels of genital tract HIV RNA. We postulated that BV induces the appearance of substances in the genital tract that stimulate HIV expression locally. To test this, we measured HIV RNA levels in genital mucosal fluid from women with or without BV (defined by Nugent score) and compared them with the ability of those fluids to stimulate HIV expression in the chronically HIV-infected monocytic line U1. The U1 activity was significantly higher in women with BV (median = 1320 pg/ml p24) than in women with normal flora (median = 103 pg/ml p24, p = 0.0001). However, levels of the U1 activity were not significantly associated with levels in the genital tract of HIV RNA. Levels of the U1 activity were also not associated with levels of Gardnerella vaginalis or Mycoplasma hominis in genital fluids, suggesting these bacteria were not the source of the activity. Thus, while these data show a strong association
10.1089/aid.2005.21.945
16386111
Cell Line Colony Count, Microbial Female Gardnerella vaginalis/isolation & purification Genitalia, Female/microbiology/*virology HIV/genetics/*physiology HIV Core Protein p24/analysis HIV Infections/*complications Humans Monocytes/*virology Mycoplasma hominis/isolation & purification RNA, Viral/*analysis Vaginosis, Bacterial/*complications Viral Load
M. R. S. Zariffard, B. E., Wang, Q. J., Chen, H. Y., Bremer, J., Cohen, M. H., Spear, G. T. (2005). Relationship of U1 cell HIV-stimulatory activity to bacterial vaginosis and HIV genital tract virus load. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 21(11), 945-8.
Journal Article
Individual variation in CD4 cell count trajectory among human immunodeficiency virus-infected men and women on long-term highly active antiretroviral therapy: an application using a Bayesian random change-point model
Am J Epidemiol
2005
15-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16135508
The authors evaluated population- and individual-level CD4-positive T-lymphocyte (CD4 cell) count trajectories over a 7-year period (July 1995-March 2004) following initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and the Women's Interagency HIV Study. The study population included 404 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected men and 609 HIV-infected women who 1) had a CD4 cell count measurement available from their last pre-HAART study visit, 2) provided at least four post-HAART CD4 cell count measurements, and 3) reported HAART usage for at least 80% of the post-HAART visits. The CD4 cell count trajectory was analyzed by means of a Bayesian random change-point model. The results indicated that CD4 cell count trajectories for long-term frequent HAART users can be well modeled with change points at both the population and individual levels. At the population level, regardless of CD4 cell count before HAART initiation, the gains in CD4 c
10.1093/aje/kwi268
16135508
Adult *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Bayes Theorem CD4 Lymphocyte Count Female Follow-Up Studies HIV Antibodies/immunology HIV Infections/drug therapy/epidemiology/*immunology *HIV-1/genetics/immunology Humans Male Prevalence Prospective Studies RNA, Viral/genetics United States/epidemiology
H. G. Chu, S. J., Yamashita, T. E., Hoover, D. R., Chmiel, J. S., Margolick, J. B., Jacobson, L. P. (2005). Individual variation in CD4 cell count trajectory among human immunodeficiency virus-infected men and women on long-term highly active antiretroviral therapy: an application using a Bayesian random change-point model. Am J Epidemiol, 162(8), 787-97.
Journal Article
Hormonal contraceptive use and the effectiveness of highly active antiretroviral therapy
Am J Epidemiol
2005
1-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15840621
The role of hormonal contraceptive use in the effectiveness of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was examined among participants in the Women's Interagency HIV Study who were followed from HAART initiation to 2001. Propensity score selection was used to match 77 hormonal contraceptive users with 77 nonusers on age, race, and pre-HAART CD4-positive T-lymphocyte (CD4+ cell) count and viral load. The authors compared hormonal contraceptive users and nonusers with regard to the CD4+ cell count and viral load responses to HAART upon initiation. Proportional hazards analyses were used to assess the effect of hormonal contraceptive use on times to increases in CD4+ cell count of 50 cells/mm(3) and 100 cells/mm(3) and achievement of an undetectable viral load. There were no statistically significant differences in CD4+ cell counts and log viral load responses by hormone use after HAART initiation, except in log viral load at the third visit after initiation (p = 0.047). Time-depende
10.1093/aje/kwi116
15840621
Adult *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active *CD4 Lymphocyte Count Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal/administration & dosage/*pharmacology Drug Interactions Female HIV Infections/blood/*drug therapy/immunology Humans Middle Aged Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/*therapeutic use Viral Load
J. H. G. Chu, S. J., Anastos, K., Minkoff, H., Cejtin, H., Bacon, M., Levine, A., Greenblatt, R. M. (2005). Hormonal contraceptive use and the effectiveness of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Am J Epidemiol, 161(9), 881-90.
Journal Article
Marginal structural models for estimating the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy initiation on CD4 cell count
Am J Epidemiol
2005
1-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16076835
The effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on the evolution of CD4-positive T-lymphocyte (CD4 cell) count among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive participants was estimated using inverse probability-of-treatment-and-censoring (IPTC)-weighted estimation of a marginal structural model. Of 1,763 eligible participants from two US cohort studies followed between 1996 and 2002, 60 percent initiated HAART. The IPTC-weighted estimate of the difference in mean CD4 cell count at 1 year among participants continuously treated versus those never treated was 71 cells/mm3 (95% confidence interval: 47.5, 94.6), which agrees with the reported results of randomized experiments. The corresponding estimate from a standard generalized estimating equations regression model that included baseline and most recent CD4 cell count and HIV type 1 RNA viral load as regressors was 26 cells/mm3 (95% confidence interval: 17.7, 34.3). These results indicate that nonrandomized studies of HIV
10.1093/aje/kwi216
16076835
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*drug therapy Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*statistics & numerical data Bias CD4 Lymphocyte Count/*statistics & numerical data Causality Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic Disease Progression Female Humans Male *Models, Statistical
S. R. H. Cole, M. A., Margolick, J. B., Cohen, M. H., Robins, J. M. (2005). Marginal structural models for estimating the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy initiation on CD4 cell count. Am J Epidemiol, 162(5), 471-8.
Journal Article
Application of case-crossover and case-time-control study designs in analyses of time-varying predictors of T-cell homeostasis failure
Ann Epidemiol
2005
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15652719
PURPOSE: To evaluate the association of sexual behavior and recreational drug exposures with T-cell homeostasis failure (TCHF), which corresponds to the onset of a rapid decline in an individual's T lymphocyte count, which occurs on average approximately 1.75 years prior to an initial diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). METHODS: A case-crossover design and a case-time-control design, both nested within the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study of 4954 homosexual and bisexual men initiated in 1983. RESULTS: In the case-crossover analysis, use of both recreational drugs and hashish were found to be protective against TCHF (odds ratios < or = 0.41), based on comparisons with four earlier control periods. However, a significant decreasing trend in the prevalence of these exposures was observed over time, thus motivating the implementation of the case-time-control design. Using the latter approach, the associations of drug use (odds ratio=0.53; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.22
10.1016/j.annepidem.2004.05.002
15652719
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology Adult Case-Control Studies Cohort Studies Cross-Over Studies Homeostasis Homosexuality, Male Humans Male Research Design Substance-Related Disorders T-Lymphocytes/*immunology Time Factors
M. F. G. Schneider, S. J., Margolick, J. B., Detels, R., Chmiel, J. S., Rinaldo, C., Armenian, H. K. (2005). Application of case-crossover and case-time-control study designs in analyses of time-varying predictors of T-cell homeostasis failure. Ann Epidemiol, 15(2), 137-44.
Journal Article
Antiretroviral therapy and the prevalence and incidence of diabetes mellitus in the multicenter AIDS cohort study
Arch Intern Med
2005
23-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15911733
BACKGROUND: The risk of diabetes mellitus (DM) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has not been well defined. METHODS: We conducted an analysis in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study to determine the prevalence and incidence of DM in this cohort of HIV-infected and HIV-seronegative men. Prevalence analysis included 1278 men (710 HIV seronegative and 568 HIV infected, 411 receiving HAART) with fasting glucose concentration determinations at baseline. Incidence analysis included 680 of these 1278 men who at the baseline visit had a fasting glucose concentration of 98 mg/dL (5.4 mmol/L) or less, no self-reported history of DM, and no self-reported use of antidiabetic medication. Diabetes mellitus was defined as a fasting glucose concentration of 126 mg/dL (7 mmol/L) or higher, self-reported diagnosis of DM, or self-reported use of antidiabetic medication. RESULTS: Fifty-seven (14%) of the 411 HIV-infected men using H
10.1001/archinte.165.10.1179
15911733
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications/*drug therapy/virology Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*adverse effects Blood Glucose/metabolism CD4 Lymphocyte Count Confidence Intervals Diabetes Mellitus/blood/chemically induced/*epidemiology Follow-Up Studies Glucose Tolerance Test HIV/immunology HIV Antibodies/immunology Humans Incidence Male Middle Aged Prevalence Retrospective Studies Risk Factors United States/epidemiology
T. T. C. Brown, S. R., Li, X., Kingsley, L. A., Palella, F. J., Riddler, S. A., Visscher, B. R., Margolick, J. B., Dobs, A. S. (2005). Antiretroviral therapy and the prevalence and incidence of diabetes mellitus in the multicenter AIDS cohort study. Arch Intern Med, 165(10), 1179-84.
Journal Article
The Women's Interagency HIV Study: an observational cohort brings clinical sciences to the bench
Clin Diagn Lab Immunol
2005
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16148165
10.1128/CDLI.12.9.1013-1019.2005
16148165
PMC1235804
Cohort Studies *Databases, Factual Female HIV Infections/*epidemiology Humans *Women's Health
M. C. v. W. Bacon, V., Alden, C., Sharp, G., Robison, E., Hessol, N., Gange, S., Barranday, Y., Holman, S., Weber, K., Young, M. A. (2005). The Women's Interagency HIV Study: an observational cohort brings clinical sciences to the bench. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol, 12(9), 1013-9. PMC1235804
Journal Article
The role of substance abuse in HIV disease progression: reconciling differences from laboratory and epidemiologic investigations
Clin Infect Dis
2005
1-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16142670
From the onset of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, the use of licit and illicit drugs has been investigated for its potential impact on HIV disease progression. Findings from a large number of laboratory-based studies indicate that drug abuse may exacerbate HIV disease progression; however, epidemiological studies have shown mixed results. This article presents a review of findings from both laboratory-based and epidemiologic investigations. In addition, we provide a careful evaluation of methodological strengths and limitations inherent to both study designs in order to provide a more nuanced understanding of how these findings may complement one another.
10.1086/433175
16142670
Animals *Disease Progression HIV Infections/*complications/*epidemiology Humans Substance-Related Disorders/*complications/*epidemiology
F. V. Kapadia, D., Donahoe, R. M., Friedland, G. (2005). The role of substance abuse in HIV disease progression: reconciling differences from laboratory and epidemiologic investigations. Clin Infect Dis, 41(7), 1027-34.
Journal Article
Relationship of HIV RNA and cytokines in saliva from HIV-infected individuals
FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol
2005
1-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16051064
We measured levels of six cytokines and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA in saliva from HIV-seropositive individuals and compared salivary cytokine levels in HIV-seropositives and seronegatives. All of the six tested cytokines were detected in saliva although interleukin-1beta, interferon-gamma and interleukin-10 were detected more frequently (90%, 68% and 61% of samples, respectively) than interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptor II (2-17%). There was no significant association between cytokine levels in saliva and plasma suggesting that cytokines were produced locally. Interferon-gamma levels were significantly higher in saliva from HIV-seropositives when compared to seronegatives while interleukin-10 levels were lower in seropositive saliva. Interleukin-10 levels were higher in individuals with low CD4 counts in the seropositive group. HIV RNA was detected in 29% of saliva samples from seropositives and there was a significant correla
10.1016/j.femsim.2005.03.002
16051064
CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cytokines/blood/*metabolism HIV Infections/*immunology/*virology HIV Seronegativity/immunology HIV Seropositivity/immunology/virology HIV-1/*isolation & purification Humans Interleukin-1/metabolism Interleukin-10/metabolism Interleukin-6/metabolism RNA, Viral/blood/*metabolism Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/metabolism Saliva/*immunology/*virology Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
G. T. A. Spear, M. E., Cohen, M. H., Bremer, J., Landay, A. L. (2005). Relationship of HIV RNA and cytokines in saliva from HIV-infected individuals. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol, 45(2), 129-36.
Journal Article
Haplotype analysis of the SDF-1 (CXCL12) gene in a longitudinal HIV-1/AIDS cohort study
Genes Immun
2005
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16177829
The stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) chemokine gene encodes the only natural ligand for CXCR4, the coreceptor for the pathogenic X4 HIV-1 strains. A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the 3' untranslated region (SDF1-3'A=rs1801157) of SDF-1 was reported to be protective against infection and progression in some, but not other, epidemiological studies. To identify additional alleles that may influence HIV-1 infection and progression to AIDS, nine SNPs (including rs1801157) spanning 20.2 kb in and around the SDF-1 gene were genotyped in over 3000 African American (AA) and European American (EA) participants enrolled in five longitudinal HIV-1/AIDS natural cohort studies. Six or five haplotypes were present at frequencies greater than 5% in AA or EA, respectively. Six of the nine SNPs occur on only one common haplotype (>5%), while the remaining three SNPs were found on multiple haplotypes, suggesting a complex history of recombination. Among EA, rs754618 was associated with an incre
10.1038/sj.gene.6364258
16177829
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology/*genetics/mortality Adolescent Adult African Americans/genetics/statistics & numerical data Alleles Chemokine CXCL12 Chemokines, CXC/*genetics Child Cohort Studies Disease Progression European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics/statistics & numerical data Female Gene Frequency HIV Infections/epidemiology/*genetics HIV-1/*genetics *Haplotypes Humans Longitudinal Studies Male Odds Ratio Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide Risk Factors Survival Analysis United States/epidemiology
W. S. S. Modi, K., Goedert, J. J., Vlahov, D., Buchbinder, S., Detels, R., Donfield, S., O'Brien S, J., Winkler, C. (2005). Haplotype analysis of the SDF-1 (CXCL12) gene in a longitudinal HIV-1/AIDS cohort study. Genes Immun, 6(8), 691-8.
Journal Article
Human CD8+ T cells specific for influenza A virus M1 display broad expression of maturation-associated phenotypic markers and chemokine receptors
Immunology
2005
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15885130
To define the role of memory T cells in a non-persistent viral infection, we have delineated the phenotype of memory CD8+ T cells specific for influenza A virus (FluA; matrix protein M158-66) based on the expression of several memory/effector lineage markers and relevant chemokine receptors. We found a majority of FluA-specific CD8+ T cells expressed CD27 and CD28, and variably expressed CD45RA, CD62L, CD94 and granzyme A. A majority of FluA-specific CD8+ T cells expressed high levels of CXCR3, and moderate levels of CCR5 and CXCR4, whereas a limited proportion expressed CCR7, CCR6 and CXCR5. A phenotypic profile based on these observations showed that there are both immature and mature memory CD8+ T cells specific for FluA.
10.1111/j.1365-2567.2005.02135.x
15885130
PMC1782154
Adult Antigens, CD/metabolism CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology Cell Differentiation/immunology Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology Humans Immunologic Memory/immunology Immunophenotyping Influenza A virus/*immunology Influenza, Human/*immunology Male Middle Aged Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism Receptors, Chemokine/*metabolism T-Lymphocyte Subsets/*immunology
A. R. Hoji, C. R., Jr. (2005). Human CD8+ T cells specific for influenza A virus M1 display broad expression of maturation-associated phenotypic markers and chemokine receptors. Immunology, 115(2), 239-45. PMC1782154
Journal Article
How condom use, number of receptive anal intercourse partners and history of external genital warts predict risk for external anal warts
Int J STD AIDS
2005
Mar-05
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15829020
Few analytic opportunities have allowed us to evaluate the role that specific sexual acts and male latex condoms play in the acquisition of external anal warts (EAW) using longitudinal data. The acquisition of EAWs occurs from epithelial contact with other HPV-infected surfaces, and hence is dependent upon sexual behaviour. Our objectives were to classify the relative importance of condom use, receptive anal intercourse (RAI) and prior history of EGWs on acquisition of EAWs. The observational Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study followed 2925 men over nine semiannual study visits for behavioural and physical examinations with laboratory testing. The main outcome measure was the occurrence of examiner-diagnosed EAWs in a homosexual population. EAWs were diagnosed among 10% of men studied across 22,157 visits reviewed for this study. Men with history of EGWs were more likely than those previously unaffected to have developed EAWs (cOR = 2.4 (2.0, 2.9)), as were men who reported multiple anorece
10.1258/0956462053420176
15829020
AIDS anal intercourse category: clinical/epidemiological cohort Cohort Studies cohort study condom Condoms Education effects history homosexual Laboratories Latex longitudinal longitudinal data Los Angeles Male multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study nursing outcome Patient Education Physical Examination population Recurrence Risk Risk Factors sexual Sexual Partners study testing
D. J. H. Wiley, D.M., Elashoff, D., Silverberg, M.J., Kaestle, C., Cook, R.L., Heilemann, M., Johnson, L. (2005). How condom use, number of receptive anal intercourse partners and history of external genital warts predict risk for external anal warts. Int J STD AIDS, 16(3), 203-211.
Journal Article
Oral glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity are unaffected by HIV infection or antiretroviral therapy in overweight women
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2005
1-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15851914
OBJECTIVE: To assess the frequency of diabetes, prediabetes, and insulin resistance among a subset of participants in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). DESIGN: Cross-sectional substudy nested within a prospective multicenter cohort study. Women underwent 75 g oral glucose tolerance testing. Diagnoses of diabetes and prediabetes were made according to the American Diabetes Association criteria, and insulin resistance was determined by area under the curve insulin and homeostasis model assessment values. SETTING: Six urban clinical sites in the United States (Brooklyn, NY; Bronx, NY; Washington, DC; Chicago, IL; San Francisco, CA; Los Angeles, CA) participate in the entire WIHS. The Bronx, NY, and San Francisco, CA, WIHS sites participated in this substudy. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 258 women, 88 HIV negative, 74 HIV positive not on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), and 96 HIV positive taking HAART were enrolled in the study. MAIN OUTCOMES: Prevalence of diabetes, pred
10.1097/01.qai.0000147659.80642.5a
15851914
Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use Blood Glucose/*metabolism Cross-Sectional Studies Diabetes Mellitus/*epidemiology Female Glucose Tolerance Test HIV Infections/*blood/*drug therapy Humans Insulin/*pharmacology Obesity/*blood Prediabetic State/*epidemiology Prevalence Prospective Studies United States
A. S. Danoff, Q., Justman, J., Mulligan, K., Hessol, N., Robison, E., Lu, D., Williams, T., Wichienkuer, P., Anastos, K., Women's Interagency, H. I. V. Study (2005). Oral glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity are unaffected by HIV infection or antiretroviral therapy in overweight women. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 39(1), 55-62.
Journal Article
Use of total lymphocyte count and hemoglobin concentration for monitoring progression of HIV infection
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2005
8/15/2005
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16044017
BACKGROUND: Prognostic markers for HIV monitoring are needed for resource-limited regions. Prior research has demonstrated rapid declines in total lymphocyte count (TLC) and hemoglobin levels before AIDS, but the prognostic accuracy of these declines has not been examined prospectively. METHODS: Longitudinal TLC and hemoglobin data from men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) before the introduction of potent HIV therapy were used to identify the first time when the TLC was </=1200 cells/mm, TLC declined by >33% per year, and hemoglobin declined by >11.6% per year. The prognostic value of these declines for AIDS was evaluated by Cox regression models and Kaplan-Meier survival curves. RESULTS: Rapid declines in TLC or hemoglobin were associated with progression to AIDS (relative hazard [RH] = 4.70, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.23-6.86 for TLC; RH = 5.55, 95% CI: 3.69-8.36 for hemoglobin). The World Health Organization criterion for initiating therapy, a TLC </=1200 cells/mm,
16044017
AIDS Baltimore category: disease progression Chicago cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Disease epidemiology health Hiv HIV infection immunology infection infectious diseases longitudinal Los Angeles lymphocyte Lymphocyte Count MACS marker markers methods microbiology model multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Pittsburgh progression Public Health research study support survival therapies therapy World Health
B. G. Lau, S.J., Phair, J.P., Riddler, S.A., Detels, R., Margolick, J.B. (2005). Use of total lymphocyte count and hemoglobin concentration for monitoring progression of HIV infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 39(5), 620-625.
Journal Article
Methylation of human papillomavirus genomes in cells of anal epithelia of HIV-infected men
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2005
1-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15905729
Intra-anal malignancies disproportionately affect individuals who engage in anal intercourse because of infection with human papillomaviruses (HPVs), with an increased risk attributed to infection with HIV because of a declining immunity against HPVs. Long-term persistence of HPVs suggests yet other mechanisms that determine the clinical outcome, however. Because methylation of HPV DNA represses oncogene expression in cervical samples, we investigated whether this mechanism also occurs in HIV-positive men and studied the methylation of CpG dinucleotides overlapping with the HPV-16 enhancer and promoter in 16 anal samples. Similar to cervical infections, the average methylation frequency was 12.3%, with heterogeneities between clones from different and the same samples. In low-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN), methylation was high in CpGs overlapping the viral enhancer but rare in promoter positions, whereas methylation was high in promoter regions in high-grade AIN, especiall
15905729
Anal Canal/virology Base Sequence Biopsy *DNA Methylation DNA Primers DNA, Viral/genetics/isolation & purification Dinucleoside Phosphates/analysis Enhancer Elements, Genetic *Genome, Viral HIV Infections/*complications Homosexuality, Male Humans Intestinal Mucosa/pathology/*virology Male Papillomaviridae/*genetics Polymerase Chain Reaction Virus Latency Virus Replication
D. J. H. Wiley, J., Rao, J. Y., Chang, C., Goetz, M., Poulter, M., Masongsong, E., Chang, C. I., Bernard, H. U. (2005). Methylation of human papillomavirus genomes in cells of anal epithelia of HIV-infected men. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 39(2), 143-51.
Journal Article
Meta-analysis of high-risk sexual behavior in persons aware and unaware they are infected with HIV in the United States: implications for HIV prevention programs
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2005
8/1/2005
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16010168
OBJECTIVES: To compare the prevalence of high-risk sexual behaviors in HIV persons aware of their serostatus with that in HIV persons unaware of their status in the United States and to discuss implications for HIV prevention programs. METHODS: A meta-analysis was conducted on 11 independent findings. Six findings compared HIV(+) aware persons with independent groups of HIV(+) unaware persons (between-group comparisons), and 5 findings compared seroconverting individuals before and after being notified of their HIV status (within-subject comparisons). Outcomes were self-reported unprotected anal or vaginal intercourse (UAV) during specified recall periods. RESULTS: The analysis integrating all 11 findings indicated that the prevalence of UAV with any partner was an average of 53% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 45%-60%) lower in HIV persons aware of their status relative to HIV(+) persons unaware of their status. There was a 68% reduction (95% CI: 59%-76%) after adjusting the data of th
10.1097/01.qai.0000151079.33935.79
16010168
Adolescent Adult analysis behavior category: behavior CDC control Counseling Disease epidemiology Female Health Knowledge,Attitudes,Practice high-risk Hiv HIV Infections HIV/AIDS Humans Male methods outcome Prevalence prevention prevention & control Recall Risk-Taking self-reported serostatus sexual sexual behavior study testing United States women
G. C. Marks, N., Senterfitt, J.W., Janssen, R.S. (2005). Meta-analysis of high-risk sexual behavior in persons aware and unaware they are infected with HIV in the United States: implications for HIV prevention programs. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 39(4), 446-453.
Journal Article
Fat distribution in HIV-infected women in the United States: DEXA substudy in the Women's Interagency HIV Study
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2005
1-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15608519
Surveys in HIV-infected men on antiretroviral therapy (ART) consistently demonstrate decreased levels of peripheral fat, with variable effects on central fat. This substudy of the Women's Interagency HIV Study was undertaken to examine fat distribution in a well-characterized cohort of HIV-positive and HIV-negative women in the United States. Whole-body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scanning with standardized regional analysis was performed in 271 nonpregnant women. Results were compared in the following groups: HIV negative (n = 88); and HIV positive on no ART (n = 70), highly active ART with a protease inhibitor (HAART/PI) (n = 48), or non-PI-containing HAART (n = 53). The groups were well matched with respect to race, with the majority of women coming from racial/ethnic minorities. The majority of both HIV-positive and HIV-negative women were overweight (body mass index [BMI] >/=25 kg/m), and many were obese (BMI >30 kg/m). Leg fat in both groups on HAART was significantly lower
10.1097/00126334-200501010-00004
15608519
Absorptiometry, Photon Adipose Tissue/*pathology Adult Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use Body Composition Body Mass Index Case-Control Studies Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/drug therapy/*pathology Humans Multivariate Analysis Prospective Studies United States
K. A. Mulligan, K., Justman, J., Freeman, R., Wichienkuer, P., Robison, E., Hessol, N. A. (2005). Fat distribution in HIV-infected women in the United States: DEXA substudy in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 38(1), 18-22.
Journal Article
The association of race, sociodemographic, and behavioral characteristics with response to highly active antiretroviral therapy in women
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2005
15-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16044004
OBJECTIVE: To determine the association of race with clinical and laboratory outcomes after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in HIV-1-infected women in the United States. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 961 HIV-1-infected women participating in the Women's Interagency HIV Study initiating HAART between July 1, 1995 and September 30, 2003. RESULTS: Over a median of 5.1 years of follow-up, in univariate Cox regression analyses, white women were more likely than African American women to attain a virologic response (relative hazard [RH]=1.34, P=0.005), less likely to experience viral rebound (RH=0.76, P=0.051), and less likely to die (RH=0.63, P=0.040). There were no significant differences, however, among racial groups in outcomes after adjustment for pre-HAART CD4, HIV-1 RNA, history of AIDS-defining illness, age, antiretroviral therapy use, baseline HIV-1 exposure category, and post-HAART behavioral and clinical variables assoc
16044004
Adult *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Cohort Studies Depression/complications Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*ethnology/psychology Humans Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis Patient Compliance Prospective Studies Socioeconomic Factors
K. S. Anastos, M. F., Gange, S. J., Minkoff, H., Greenblatt, R. M., Feldman, J., Levine, A., Delapenha, R., Cohen, M., Women's Interagency, H. I. V. Study Collaborative Group (2005). The association of race, sociodemographic, and behavioral characteristics with response to highly active antiretroviral therapy in women. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 39(5), 537-44.
Journal Article
Increased circulating interleukin-7 levels in HIV-1-infected women
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2005
15-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16284535
Sex-based differences in CD4 T-cell (CD4) counts are well recognized, but the basis for these differences has not been identified. Conceivably, homeostatic factors may play a role in this process by regulating T-cell maintenance and repletion. Interleukin (IL)-7 is essential for normal T-cell production and homeostasis. We hypothesized that differences in IL-7 might contribute to sex-based differences in CD4 counts. Circulating IL-7 levels were analyzed in 299 HIV-1-infected women and men. Regression analysis estimated that IL-7 levels were 40% higher in women than in men (P = 0.0032) after controlling for CD4 count, age, and race. Given the important role of IL-7 in T-cell development and homeostasis, these findings suggest that higher IL-7 levels may contribute to higher CD4 counts in women.
10.1097/01.qai.0000187442.53708.b4
16284535
PMC3119025
Adult Aged CD4 Lymphocyte Count CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology Female HIV Infections/*immunology/virology HIV-1/pathogenicity Humans Interleukin-7/*blood Male Middle Aged Regression Analysis Sex Characteristics
L. A. B. Napolitano, T. D., Bacchetti, P., Barron, Y., French, A. L., Kovacs, A., Anastos, K., Young, M., McCune, J. M., Greenblatt, R. M. (2005). Increased circulating interleukin-7 levels in HIV-1-infected women. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 40(5), 581-4. PMC3119025
Journal Article
Factors and temporal trends associated with highly active antiretroviral therapy discontinuation in the Women's Interagency HIV Study
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2005
1-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15764968
We characterized factors and temporal trends associated with discontinuation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) among 936 HIV-infected women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. A multivariate analysis of post-HAART initiation exposures found that high HIV RNA levels (relative hazard [RH] = 1.36, P < 0.001) and high depressive symptom scores (RH = 1.53, P = 0.012) were associated with HAART discontinuation. The adjusted hazard of discontinuation was higher in the 2 most recent calendar periods compared with the first (RH = 1.61, P = 0.026; RH = 1.56, P = 0.074, respectively). The increasing risk of HAART discontinuation in recent calendar periods and changes in the clinical factors associated with discontinuation reflect ongoing and dynamic shifts in the approach to HAART utilization.
10.1097/01.qai.0000138160.91568.19
15764968
*Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Drug Therapy/trends Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*psychology Humans *Patient Compliance Proportional Hazards Models *Treatment Refusal *Women's Health
L. T. Ahdieh-Grant, P. M., Schneider, M. F., Anastos, K., Cohen, M., Khalsa, A., Minkoff, H., Young, M., Greenblatt, R. M., Women's Interagency, H. I. V. Study (2005). Factors and temporal trends associated with highly active antiretroviral therapy discontinuation in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 38(4), 500-3.
Journal Article
Effects of HIV-1 infection on lymphocyte phenotypes in blood versus lymph nodes
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2005
15-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16044000
Most immunopathogenesis studies of HIV-1 use peripheral blood. Most lymphocytes reside in lymphoid tissues, however, and the extent to which blood mirrors tissues is unclear. Here, we analyze lymphocytes in blood and lymph nodes of HIV-1-uninfected and -infected persons. Baseline comparison of node and blood lymphocytes in seronegative persons demonstrates a lower ratio of CD8+ versus CD4+ T lymphocytes, a lower number of effector cells (CD28-) within the CD8+ compartment, and greater activation (D-receptor [DR+]) within the CD4+ compartment. In infected versus uninfected persons, nodes exhibit elevated CD8+ T lymphocytes with an increased memory-effector phenotype (CD62L-/CD45RA-) and activation (CD38+ and DR+) but minimal differences in the CD4+ compartment. Changes attributable to HIV-1 infection are markedly greater in node lymphocytes than in blood. Comparisons of CD8+ T-lymphocyte parameters and viremia in infected persons reveal positive correlations of CD38+ expression on cells
16044000
Adult CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*physiology CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*physiology HIV Infections/*immunology Hiv-1 Humans Lymph Nodes/*cytology Male Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism Middle Aged Perforin Phenotype Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins T-Lymphocyte Subsets/*physiology Viremia
O. O. F. Yang, J. J., Hausner, M. A., Hultin, L. E., Hultin, P. M., McFadden, D., Sawicki, M., Detels, R., Majchrowicz, M., Matud, J. L., Giorgi, J. V., Jamieson, B. D. (2005). Effects of HIV-1 infection on lymphocyte phenotypes in blood versus lymph nodes. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 39(5), 507-18.
Journal Article
Interruption and discontinuation of highly active antiretroviral therapy in the multicenter AIDS cohort study
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2005
1-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15735452
OBJECTIVE: Identify the determinants and consequences of interrupting and discontinuing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) among a population-based cohort of HIV-infected men. METHODS: Longitudinal analyses were applied to 2916 person-visit pairs (589 men) of continuous HAART use, 243 person-visit pairs (154 men) during which HAART was interrupted, and 151 person-visit pairs (130 men) in which HAART was discontinued by the second visit. HIV RNA increase was defined as > or =1 log10 copies/mL across the visit pairs. RESULT: : Younger age, black race, geographic location, higher HIV RNA level, depression, shorter time on HAART, lower medication adherence, and not taking a lamivudine-containing regimen predicted interrupting HAART use. Younger age, higher HIV RNA level, depression, and taking an abacavir- or lopinavir-containing regimen predicted discontinuing HAART. Among men with < or =1000 HIV RNA copies/mL, approximately 5% of those who interrupted HAART for < or =7 days and
15735452
Adult Age Factors *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Depression Dideoxynucleosides/therapeutic use Ethnic Groups HIV/genetics/growth & development HIV Infections/*drug therapy Humans Logistic Models Lopinavir Male Middle Aged Pyrimidinones/therapeutic use RNA, Viral/blood Risk Factors Treatment Refusal
X. M. Li, J. B., Conover, C. S., Badri, S., Riddler, S. A., Witt, M. D., Jacobson, L. P. (2005). Interruption and discontinuation of highly active antiretroviral therapy in the multicenter AIDS cohort study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 38(3), 320-8.
Journal Article
Factors associated with use of dental services among HIV-infected and high-risk uninfected women
J Am Dent Assoc
2005
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16196229
OBJECTIVES: The authors explored the frequency of dental care utilization and identified the main barriers to access to dental care among U.S. women with HIV infection and uninfected women at high risk of becoming infected. METHODS: The authors' prospective study included HIV-infected and uninfected women enrolled in the northern California and Chicago sites of the Women's Interagency HIV Study. A trained interviewer administered a standardized questionnaire to participants by phone. The authors explored subjects' utilization of dental care in relation to predisposing, enabling and need variables using both univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: The 363 participants were predominantly black and unemployed and had a history of using injected drugs. Not using dental care was most prevalent among HIV-negative women, particularly in Chicago. Multivariate analyses revealed that the strongest predictors of nonuse of dental care included being of a race other than white, fear of denti
10.14219/jada.archive.2005.0340
16196229
Adult African Continental Ancestry Group Attitude to Health California Case-Control Studies Chicago Dental Anxiety/psychology Dental Care/*statistics & numerical data Dental Care for Chronically Ill/*statistics & numerical data Female Follow-Up Studies *HIV Infections *HIV Seronegativity Health Services Accessibility Health Services Needs and Demand Humans Oral Health Prospective Studies Risk Factors Socioeconomic Factors Substance Abuse, Intravenous Unemployment
C. H. C. Shiboski, M., Weber, K., Shansky, A., Malvin, K., Greenblatt, R. M. (2005). Factors associated with use of dental services among HIV-infected and high-risk uninfected women. J Am Dent Assoc, 136(9), 1242-55.
Journal Article
Reduced type 1 and type 2 cytokines in antiviral memory T helper function among women coinfected with HIV and HCV
J Clin Immunol
2005
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15821890
Bias in cytokine responses has been proposed as a contributing mechanism to pathogenesis in persistent HIV or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections. We investigated whether coinfection with HCV modifies the profile of antigen-specific cytokine secretion in women persistently infected with HIV compared to women with single HIV or HCV infection. The T helper response to HIV, HCV and cytomegalovirus (CMV) as a positive viral control was dominated by type 1 cytokines (interleukin- [IL] 2, interferon- [IFN] gamma and tumor necrosis factor- [TNF] alpha), with IFN-gamma as the most abundantly secreted. IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 were low in healthy controls and patients. Robust CMV-specific responses contrasted with curtailed HCV-specific responses in HCV-infected women. The overall anti-viral profile was dominated by Th1 cytokines even in coinfected women but both type 1 and type 2 responses were reduced in HIV-infected women and more extensively in women with HCV/HIV coinfection.
10.1007/s10875-005-2819-x
15821890
PMC3127261
CD4 Antigens/metabolism Cells, Cultured Cytokines/*metabolism Female HIV/physiology HIV Infections/*complications/*immunology/metabolism/virology Hepacivirus/physiology Hepatitis C/*complications/*immunology/metabolism/virology Humans Immunologic Memory/*immunology Male Middle Aged T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/*immunology/metabolism
M. C. L. Villacres, O., Degiacomo, M., Du, W., La Rosa, C., Diamond, D. J., Kovacs, A. (2005). Reduced type 1 and type 2 cytokines in antiviral memory T helper function among women coinfected with HIV and HCV. J Clin Immunol, 25(2), 134-41. PMC3127261
Journal Article
Utility of Amsel criteria, Nugent score, and quantitative PCR for Gardnerella vaginalis, Mycoplasma hominis, and Lactobacillus spp. for diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected women
J Clin Microbiol
2005
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16145114
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a clinical syndrome presenting with a malodorous vaginal discharge and increased vaginal pH. Diagnosis has been based on clinical Amsel criteria and direct Gram stain of vaginal secretions. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected participants in the Women's Interagency HIV Study contributed cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples. Lactobacilli, Gardnerella vaginalis, and Mycoplasma hominis in cervicovaginal lavage samples were quantified by PCR. Gynecologic evaluation included Nugent score and Amsel criterion assessment. We compared the gold standard Nugent score to Amsel criteria and quantitative bacterial PCR for diagnosing BV in 203 CVL samples from women with Nugent scores of 7 to 10 (BV group) and 203 samples from women with BV Nugent scores of 0 to 3 ("No-BV" group). Only 75 of the 203 CVL samples from women with Nugent scores of 7 to 10 met positive Amsel criteria. Increasing levels of G. vaginalis and M. hominis and decreasing levels of lactobacilli
10.1128/JCM.43.9.4607-4612.2005
16145114
PMC1234056
DNA, Bacterial/analysis Female Gardnerella vaginalis/genetics/*isolation & purification Gentian Violet Hiv HIV Infections/*complications/virology Humans Lactobacillus/genetics/*isolation & purification Mycoplasma hominis/genetics/*isolation & purification Phenazines Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods Predictive Value of Tests Sensitivity and Specificity Vaginal Smears/methods Vaginosis, Bacterial/*diagnosis/microbiology
B. E. C. Sha, H. Y., Wang, Q. J., Zariffard, M. R., Cohen, M. H., Spear, G. T. (2005). Utility of Amsel criteria, Nugent score, and quantitative PCR for Gardnerella vaginalis, Mycoplasma hominis, and Lactobacillus spp. for diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected women. J Clin Microbiol, 43(9), 4607-12. PMC1234056
Journal Article
Variants of human papillomaviruses 16 and 18 and their natural history in human immunodeficiency virus-positive women
J Gen Virol
2005
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16186224
Highly oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 and 18 variants might be expected to be particularly aggressive in HIV-positive women. The association of HPV16 and 18 variant lineages with race, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection, CD4+ T-cell count, HIV-RNA level, time-to-clearance of HPV infection and presence of squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) among women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study was studied. Subjects were followed semi-annually with Pap smear and cervicovaginal lavage (CVL). HPV DNA was detected in CVLs using MY09/11 L1 PCR assay. Specimens positive for HPV16/18 underwent E6 PCR and sequencing to determine the variant present. Specimens from 195 HPV16- and 162 HPV18-positive women were classified into variant lineages based on sequencing results. African variants of HPV16 and HPV18 were significantly more prevalent among African-Americans than among Caucasians [42 versus 14 % (P=0.001) and 60 versus 13 % (P<0.001), respectively]. However, it was not pos
10.1099/vir.0.81060-0
16186224
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/*virology Adult Aged Cohort Studies DNA, Viral/analysis Female *Genetic Variation *HIV/genetics HIV Seropositivity/*complications/immunology Humans Middle Aged Papillomaviridae/*genetics/physiology Papillomavirus Infections/complications/diagnosis/epidemiology Prospective Studies
N. F. B. Schlecht, R. D., Palefsky, J. M., Minkoff, H., Xue, X., Massad, L. S., Bacon, M., Levine, A. M., Anastos, K., Gange, S. J., Watts, D. H., Costa, M. M. D., Chen, Z., Bang, J. Y., Fazzari, M., Hall, C., Strickler, H. D. (2005). Variants of human papillomaviruses 16 and 18 and their natural history in human immunodeficiency virus-positive women. J Gen Virol, 86(Pt 10), 2709-2720.
Journal Article
Female genital-tract HIV load correlates inversely with Lactobacillus species but positively with bacterial vaginosis and Mycoplasma hominis
J Infect Dis
2005
1-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15592999
BACKGROUND: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition. We examined the association between BV and BV-associated bacteria and expression of HIV in the female genital tract. METHODS: HIV RNA, lactobacilli, Gardnerella vaginalis, and Mycoplasma hominis in cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples were quantified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Gynecologic evaluation included Nugent score assessment, Amsel criteria assessment, detection of other genital-tract infections, and dysplasia grading. CD4 cell count, plasma HIV RNA level, and antiretroviral history were obtained. RESULTS: A total of 203 CVL samples from women with Nugent scores of 7-10 (BV group) and 203 samples from women with Nugent scores of 0-3 (no-BV group) were matched by plasma HIV RNA level and analyzed. After controlling for plasma HIV RNA level and Nugent score in univariate analyses, we found that G. vaginalis and M. hominis bacterial counts, Candida vaginitis, and herpes s
10.1086/426394
15592999
Adult Aged CD4 Lymphocyte Count Candida/isolation & purification Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal/microbiology Colony Count, Microbial Female Gardnerella vaginalis/isolation & purification HIV/*isolation & purification HIV Infections/*virology Humans Lactobacillus/*isolation & purification Middle Aged Mycoplasma Infections/microbiology Mycoplasma hominis/isolation & purification Polymerase Chain Reaction RNA, Viral/analysis Regression Analysis Simplexvirus/isolation & purification Vagina/*microbiology/*virology Vaginal Douching Vaginosis, Bacterial/*microbiology Viral Load
B. E. Z. Sha, M. R., Wang, Q. J., Chen, H. Y., Bremer, J., Cohen, M. H., Spear, G. T. (2005). Female genital-tract HIV load correlates inversely with Lactobacillus species but positively with bacterial vaginosis and Mycoplasma hominis. J Infect Dis, 191(1), 25-32.
Journal Article
Effects of bacterial vaginosis and other genital infections on the natural history of human papillomavirus infection in HIV-1-infected and high-risk HIV-1-uninfected women
J Infect Dis
2005
1-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15747249
BACKGROUND: Whether the natural history of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is affected by bacterial vaginosis (BV) or Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) infection has not been adequately investigated in prospective studies. METHODS: Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1)-infected (n=1763) and high-risk HIV-1-uninfected (n=493) women were assessed semiannually for BV (by Nugent's criteria), TV infection (by wet mount), type-specific HPV (by polymerase chain reaction with MY09/MY11/HMB01 HPV primers), and squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) (by cytological examination). Sexual history was obtained from patient report at each visit. Risk factors for prevalent and incident HPV infection and SIL were evaluated by use of multivariate models. RESULTS: BV was associated with both prevalent and incident HPV infection but not with duration of HPV infection or incidence of SIL. TV infection was associated with incident HPV infection and with decreased duration and lower prevalence of HPV infectio
10.1086/427777
15747249
Adult CD4 Lymphocyte Count Female HIV Infections/*complications Humans Middle Aged Neoplasms, Squamous Cell/epidemiology Papillomaviridae/isolation & purification Papillomavirus Infections/*complications/*physiopathology Prospective Studies Risk Factors Trichomonas Vaginitis/*complications United States Vagina/cytology/microbiology/parasitology/virology Vaginal Douching Vaginal Smears Vaginosis, Bacterial/*complications
D. H. F. Watts, M., Minkoff, H., Hillier, S. L., Sha, B., Glesby, M., Levine, A. M., Burk, R., Palefsky, J. M., Moxley, M., Ahdieh-Grant, L., Strickler, H. D. (2005). Effects of bacterial vaginosis and other genital infections on the natural history of human papillomavirus infection in HIV-1-infected and high-risk HIV-1-uninfected women. J Infect Dis, 191(7), 1129-39.
Journal Article
Presence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in the genital tracts of HCV/HIV-1-coinfected women
J Infect Dis
2005
1-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16206070
BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected women--in particular, those coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)--can transmit infection to their children and sex partners. METHODS: The present study was conducted to analyze the presence of HCV RNA in cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) fluid from 71 women (58 HCV/HIV-1-coinfected women and 13 HCV-infected, HIV-1-uninfected women) enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. RESULTS: HCV RNA was detected (by a commercial polymerase chain reaction assay) in CVL fluid from 18 (29%) of the HIV-1-infected women and from none of the HIV-1-uninfected women (P<.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that risk factors for the presence of HCV RNA in CVL fluid were HCV viremia (odds ratio [OR], 16.81; P=.02) and HIV-1 RNA in CVL fluid (OR, 19.87; P=.02). This observation suggests local interactions between HIV-1 and HCV in the genital tract compartment. There was no correlation between HCV RNA in CVL fluid and CD4, CD8, or CD3 cell co
10.1086/491742
16206070
PMC3164119
5' Untranslated Regions/genetics Adult Base Sequence Cervix Uteri/*virology Female HIV Infections/*complications/*virology HIV-1/genetics/isolation & purification Hepacivirus/genetics/*isolation & purification Hepatitis C/*complications/*virology Humans Leukocytes, Mononuclear/virology Molecular Sequence Data Plasma/virology Polymerase Chain Reaction RNA, Viral/genetics Reagent Kits, Diagnostic Vagina/*virology Vaginal Douching
M. J. L. Nowicki, T., Nikolopoulou, G., Radkowski, M., Wilkinson, J., Du, W. B., Rakela, J., Kovacs, A. (2005). Presence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in the genital tracts of HCV/HIV-1-coinfected women. J Infect Dis, 192(9), 1557-65. PMC3164119
Journal Article
Induction of tumor necrosis factor- alpha secretion and toll-like receptor 2 and 4 mRNA expression by genital mucosal fluids from women with bacterial vaginosis
J Infect Dis
2005
1-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15871126
BACKGROUND: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is associated with complications of pregnancy and increased susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) sexual transmission. METHODS: The ability of genital mucosal fluids from women with BV and of microbial flora associated with BV to induce tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- alpha secretion and Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 mRNA expression was assessed. RESULTS: Primary peripheral-blood mononuclear cells and THP-1 monocytic cells secreted TNF- alpha in response to cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples from women with BV. Mycoplasma hominis and Gardnerella vaginalis also stimulated TNF- alpha secretion. Strikingly, CVL samples from women with BV induced up to 60-fold increases in TLR4 mRNA expression, compared with CVL samples from women without BV and with bacteria not associated with BV. Anti-TNF- alpha antibody blocked increases in TLR4 mRNA expression induced by CVL samples from women with BV, indicating that TNF- alpha plays a critical
10.1086/429922
15871126
Cell Line, Tumor Female Gene Expression Humans Immunity, Mucosal Membrane Glycoproteins/*metabolism Mucous Membrane/metabolism RNA, Messenger/metabolism Receptors, Cell Surface/*metabolism Toll-Like Receptor 2 Toll-Like Receptor 4 Toll-Like Receptors Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/*metabolism Vaginosis, Bacterial/immunology/*metabolism
M. R. N. Zariffard, R. M., Lurain, N., Sha, B. E., Graham, P., Spear, G. T. (2005). Induction of tumor necrosis factor- alpha secretion and toll-like receptor 2 and 4 mRNA expression by genital mucosal fluids from women with bacterial vaginosis. J Infect Dis, 191(11), 1913-21.
Journal Article
Serum levels of the homeostatic B cell chemokine, CXCL13, are elevated during HIV infection
J Interferon Cytokine Res
2005
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16318584
HIV infection is associated with B cell dysfunction, which includes B cell hyperactivation, hypergammaglobulinemia, impaired production of antibodies against specific antigens, and a loss of B cell memory. Because lymph node architecture is progressively destroyed during HIV infection, it is possible that normal B cell trafficking is impaired as well, which could be a cause or a result of these abnormalities. Because the homeostatic chemokine, CXCL13 (BLC, BCA-1), is a major regulator of B cell trafficking, we assessed circulating levels of this molecule in HIV infection. Serum levels of CXCL13 were seen to be progressively elevated in HIV disease. Serum levels of CXCL13 correlated strongly with those of the inflammation-associated chemokine, inducible protein-10 (IP-10), in subjects who had advanced HIV disease, and more moderately with levels of soluble CD30 (sCD30), sCD27, and sCD23. CXCL13 levels also correlated moderately with viral load and showed a significant decline after use
10.1089/jir.2005.25.702
16318584
Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active B-Lymphocytes/metabolism/virology Cell Line Cell Movement Chemokine CXCL13 Chemokines, CXC/*blood Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay *Gene Expression Regulation, Viral HIV Antibodies HIV Infections/*blood/*drug therapy Hiv-1 Humans Inflammation Ki-1 Antigen/biosynthesis Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism Lymph Nodes/virology Male Receptors, IgE/biosynthesis Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 7/biosynthesis Viral Load
D. P. B. Widney, E. C., Boscardin, W. J., Kitchen, S. G., Alcantar, J. M., Smith, J. B., Zack, J. A., Detels, R., Martinez-Maza, O. (2005). Serum levels of the homeostatic B cell chemokine, CXCL13, are elevated during HIV infection. J Interferon Cytokine Res, 25(11), 702-6.
Journal Article
HLA-B, -DRB1/3/4/5, and -DQB1 gene polymorphisms in human immunodeficiency virus-related Kaposi's sarcoma
J Med Virol
2005
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15902698
Polymorphisms of genes in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex, particularly those encoding HLA-DR, have been suggested as markers of susceptibility to Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). We conducted a case-control study comparing 147 homosexual men who developed KS after infection by human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) and human herpes virus 8 (HHV8) with 147 matched dually infected men without HIV-associated KS (HIV-KS) from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. HLA-B, DRB1, DRB3, DRB4, DRB5, and DQB1 polymorphisms were examined by high-resolution DNA-based methods. Differences in distributions of genetic variants were tested by conditional logistic regression. Previously reported relationships with HLA-DRB1 alleles could not be confirmed. Instead, other associations were observed. In univariate analysis, KS was weakly associated with B*2702/5 (odds ratio (OR)=0.40, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.18-0.91). Similar or stronger associations, positive or negative, were seen for haplotypes cont
10.1002/jmv.20361
15902698
Case-Control Studies Genetic Markers Genetic Predisposition to Disease Genotype HIV Infections/*complications HLA-B Antigens/*genetics HLA-DQ Antigens/*genetics HLA-DQ beta-Chains HLA-DR Antigens HLA-DRB1 Chains Haplotypes Herpesvirus 8, Human/isolation & purification Homosexuality, Male Humans Male *Polymorphism, Genetic Sarcoma, Kaposi/etiology/*genetics Steroid 21-Hydroxylase/genetics
M. T. Y. Dorak, L. J., Tang, J., Shao, W., Lobashevsky, E. S., Jacobson, L. P., Kaslow, R. A. (2005). HLA-B, -DRB1/3/4/5, and -DQB1 gene polymorphisms in human immunodeficiency virus-related Kaposi's sarcoma. J Med Virol, 76(3), 302-10.
Journal Article
Natural history and possible reactivation of human papillomavirus in human immunodeficiency virus-positive women
J Natl Cancer Inst
2005
20-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15840880
BACKGROUND: Little is known in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive women about how the combination of plasma HIV RNA level and CD4+ T-cell count is associated with the natural history of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection or about HPV reactivation--whether it occurs and with what frequency in HIV-positive women. METHODS: HIV-positive (n = 1848) and -negative (n = 514) women were assessed at semiannual visits (total person-years = 5661) for cervicovaginal HPV with polymerase chain reaction assays and for squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) by Pap smear. We studied the prevalent detection of HPV and SILs with generalized estimating equations and the incident detection and persistence of HPV and SILs with multivariable Cox models. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: We observed a strong interaction between the associations of CD4+ and plasma HIV RNA strata with both prevalent (P(interaction) = .002) and incident (P(interaction) = .001) detection of HPV. Indeed, th
10.1093/jnci/dji073
15840880
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/*virology Acute Disease Adult CD4 Lymphocyte Count Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/epidemiology/*virology Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic DNA, Viral/analysis Female *HIV/genetics HIV Seropositivity/*complications/immunology Humans Incidence Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis *Papillomaviridae/genetics Papillomavirus Infections/*complications/diagnosis/epidemiology Polymerase Chain Reaction Prevalence Proportional Hazards Models RNA, Viral/analysis Research Design Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/epidemiology/*virology
H. D. B. Strickler, R. D., Fazzari, M., Anastos, K., Minkoff, H., Massad, L. S., Hall, C., Bacon, M., Levine, A. M., Watts, D. H., Silverberg, M. J., Xue, X., Schlecht, N. F., Melnick, S., Palefsky, J. M. (2005). Natural history and possible reactivation of human papillomavirus in human immunodeficiency virus-positive women. J Natl Cancer Inst, 97(8), 577-86.
Journal Article
Relationship between HIV viral load and Langerhans cells of the cervical epithelium
J Obstet Gynaecol Res
2005
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15771646
AIM: To determine the relationship between the density of cervical mucosa Langerhans cells, cervical histology, and HIV viral load. METHODS: Eighty-four HIV-infected and 17 women at high risk for HIV had cervical biopsies assessed for squamous intraepithelial lesions and Langerhans cell density. Langerhans cells were identified using the S-100 immunohistochemical stain and were counted manually. Polymerase chain reaction assays were used to detect cervical human papillomavirus (HPV)-DNA. T-cell subsets were determined using immunofluorescent flow cytometry. Plasma HIV RNA levels were measured using a nucleic acid sequence-based amplification technique. The associations between cervical Langerhans cell density, cervical histology, CD4 counts, HIV viral loads, HPV-DNA detection, and smoking status were assessed using multivariate statistical models. RESULTS: In multivariate analysis among women infected with HIV, the mean Langerhans cell density per high-powered field was 4.00 among wome
10.1111/j.1341-8076.2005.00267.x
15771646
Analysis of Variance CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cell Count Cervix Uteri/*pathology DNA, Viral/analysis Epithelium/pathology Female HIV/genetics HIV Infections/*pathology/virology HIV Seropositivity Humans Langerhans Cells/*pathology Papillomaviridae/genetics Polymerase Chain Reaction RNA, Viral/analysis *Viral Load
G. F. Levi, J., Holman, S., Salarieh, A., Strickler, H. D., Alter, S., Minkoff, H. (2005). Relationship between HIV viral load and Langerhans cells of the cervical epithelium. J Obstet Gynaecol Res, 31(2), 178-84.
Journal Article
Impact of drug treatment on subsequent sexual risk behavior in a multisite cohort of drug-using women: a report from the Women's Interagency HIV Study
J Subst Abuse Treat
2005
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16311186
BACKGROUND: The evidence that drug treatment programs are associated with changes in sexual behavior and, thus, have prevention benefits beyond addiction is inconclusive. We examined whether entry into drug treatment was associated with subsequent alterations in sexual behavior among a group of drug-using women. METHODS: Data were collected semiannually via structured interviews over 8 years. Generalized estimating equations evaluated the relationship between self-reported drug treatment at each visit and sexual abstinence and consistent condom use in the subsequent 6-month period. RESULTS: In this sample (N = 1,658; mean age, 37.3 years; 57.5% African American; 80.3% HIV positive; 49.6% crack/cocaine users), 40% reported being in a variety of drug treatment programs. Those undergoing drug treatment (vs. those not) were less likely to become sexually active (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.76-0.91); this association was unchanged when the frequency of a
10.1016/j.jsat.2005.08.008
16311186
Adult Cocaine-Related Disorders/psychology/*rehabilitation Cohort Studies Condoms/statistics & numerical data Female HIV Infections/*prevention & control/psychology/transmission Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice Humans Sex Education/statistics & numerical data Sexual Behavior/psychology Substance-Related Disorders/psychology/*rehabilitation Unsafe Sex/*statistics & numerical data
M. H. W. Latka, T. E., Cook, J. A., Bacon, M. C., Richardson, J. L., Sohler, N., Cohen, M. H., Greenblatt, R. M., Andreopoulis, E., Vlahov, D., Women's Interagency, H. I. V. Study Group (2005). Impact of drug treatment on subsequent sexual risk behavior in a multisite cohort of drug-using women: a report from the Women's Interagency HIV Study. J Subst Abuse Treat, 29(4), 329-37.
Journal Article
Nef induces multiple genes involved in cholesterol synthesis and uptake in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected T cells
J Virol
2005
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16014965
Several recent reports indicate that cholesterol might play an important role in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication. We investigated the effects of HIV-1 infection on cholesterol biosynthesis and uptake using microarrays. HIV-1 increased gene expression of cholesterol genes in both transformed T-cell lines and primary CD4(+) T cells. Consistent with our microarray data, (14)C-labeled mevalonate and acetate incorporation was increased in HIV-1-infected cells. Our data also demonstrate that changes in cholesterol biosynthesis and uptake are only observed in the presence of functional Nef, suggesting that increased cholesterol synthesis may contribute to Nef-mediated enhancement of virion infectivity and viral replication.
10.1128/JVI.79.15.10053-10058.2005
16014965
PMC1181597
Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases/*genetics Cell Line Cholesterol/*genetics/metabolism Gene Expression Profiling HIV Infections/virology HIV-1/*genetics/metabolism Humans Jurkat Cells Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis T-Lymphocytes/metabolism/virology
A. B. S. van 't Wout, J. V., Schindler, M., Rao, U., Pathmajeyan, M. S., Mullins, J. I., Kirchhoff, F. (2005). Nef induces multiple genes involved in cholesterol synthesis and uptake in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected T cells. J Virol, 79(15), 10053-8. PMC1181597
Journal Article
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpr impairs dendritic cell maturation and T-cell activation: implications for viral immune escape
J Virol
2005
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15956545
Antigen presentation and T-cell activation are dynamic processes involving signaling molecules present in both APCs and T cells. Effective APC function and T-cell activation can be compromised by viral immune evasion strategies, including those of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). In this study, we determined the effects of HIV-1 Vpr on one of the initial target of the virus, dendritic cells (DC), by investigating DC maturation, cytokine profiling, and CD8-specific T-cell stimulation function followed by a second signal. Vpr impaired the expression of CD80, CD83, and CD86 at the transcriptional level without altering normal cellular transcription. Cytokine profiling indicated that the presence of Vpr inhibited production of interleukin 12 (IL-12) and upregulated IL-10, whereas IL-6 and IL-1beta were unaltered. Furthermore, DC infected with HIV-1 vpr+ significantly reduced the activation of antigen-specific memory and recall cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte responses. Taken together, t
10.1128/JVI.79.13.7990-8003.2005
15956545
PMC1143734
Antigens, CD/genetics Apoptosis CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects/immunology Cytokines/genetics Dendritic Cells/cytology/drug effects/*physiology Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Flow Cytometry Gene Expression Profiling Gene Products, vpr/*pharmacology HIV-1/immunology/*physiology Humans Lymphocyte Activation/*drug effects T-Lymphocytes/drug effects/*immunology Transcription, Genetic vpr Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
B. J. Majumder, M. L., Schafer, E. A., Schaubert, K., Huang, X. L., Kan-Mitchell, J., Rinaldo, C. R., Jr., Ayyavoo, V. (2005). Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpr impairs dendritic cell maturation and T-cell activation: implications for viral immune escape. J Virol, 79(13), 7990-8003. PMC1143734
Journal Article
Mannose binding lectin genotypes influence recovery from hepatitis B virus infection
J Virol
2005
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15994813
Mannose binding lectin (MBL) is a central component of the innate immune response and thus may be important for determining hepatitis B virus (HBV) persistence. Since single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene encoding MBL (mbl2) alter the level of functional MBL, we hypothesized that mbl2 genotypes are a determinant of HBV persistence or recovery from viral infection. We tested this hypothesis by using a nested case control design with 189 persons with HBV persistence matched to 338 individuals who had naturally recovered from HBV infection. We determined genotypes of two promoter and three exon 1 SNPs in mbl2 and grouped these genotypes according to the amount of functional MBL production. We found that the promoter SNP -221C, which leads to deficient MBL production, was more common in those subjects with viral persistence (odds ratio [OR], 1.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01 to 1.89; P = 0.04). Those subjects homozygous for the combination of promoter and exon 1 genotyp
10.1128/JVI.79.14.9192-9196.2005
15994813
PMC1168757
Genotype Haplotypes Hepatitis B/*genetics Humans Mannose-Binding Lectin/*genetics/physiology Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
C. L. M. Thio, T., Astemborski, J., Greer, S., Kirk, G. D., O'Brien, S. J., Thomas, D. L. (2005). Mannose binding lectin genotypes influence recovery from hepatitis B virus infection. J Virol, 79(14), 9192-6. PMC1168757
Journal Article
Parallel human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific CD8+ T-lymphocyte responses in blood and mucosa during chronic infection
J Virol
2005
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15767429
Gut-associated lymphoid tissue is the major reservoir of lymphocytes and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication in vivo, yet little is known about HIV-1-specific CD8+ T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses in this compartment. Here we assessed the breadth and magnitude of HIV-1-specific CTL in the peripheral blood and sigmoid colon mucosa of infected subjects not on antiretroviral therapy by enzyme-linked immunospot analysis with 53 peptide pools spanning all viral proteins. Comparisons of blood and mucosal CTL revealed that the magnitude of pool-specific responses is correlated within each individual (mean r2 = 0.82 +/- 0.04) and across all individuals (r2 = 0.75; P < 0.001). Overall, 85.1% of screened peptide pools yielded concordant negative or positive results between compartments. CTL targeting was also closely related between blood and mucosa, with Nef being the most highly targeted (mean of 2.4 spot-forming cells [SFC[/10(6) CD8+ T lymphocytes/amino acid [SFC/CD8/aa]), fo
10.1128/JVI.79.7.4289-4297.2005
15767429
PMC1061549
Adult Aged Cells, Cultured Colon, Sigmoid/immunology Gene Products, gag/immunology Gene Products, nef/immunology HIV Antigens/immunology HIV Infections/*immunology HIV-1/*immunology Humans Intestinal Mucosa/*immunology Middle Aged T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*immunology nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
F. J. A. Ibarrondo, P. A., Fuerst, M., Ng, H. L., Wong, J. T., Matud, J., Elliott, J., Shih, R., Hausner, M. A., Price, C., Hultin, L. E., Hultin, P. M., Jamieson, B. D., Yang, O. O. (2005). Parallel human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific CD8+ T-lymphocyte responses in blood and mucosa during chronic infection. J Virol, 79(7), 4289-97. PMC1061549
Journal Article
Changes in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 fitness and genetic diversity during disease progression
J Virol
2005
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15994794
This study examined the relationship between ex vivo human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) fitness and viral genetic diversity during the course of HIV-1 disease. Primary HIV-1 isolates from 10 patients at different time points were competed against control HIV-1 strains in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures to determine relative fitness values. Patient HIV-1 isolates sequentially gained fitness during disease at a significant rate that directly correlated with viral load and HIV-1 env C2V3 diversity. A loss in both fitness and viral diversity was observed upon the initiation of antiretroviral therapy. A possible relationship between genotype and phenotype (virus replication efficiency) is supported by the parallel increases in ex vivo fitness and viral diversity during disease, of which the correlation is largely based on specific V3 sequences. Syncytium-inducing, CXCR4-tropic HIV-1 isolates did have higher relative fitness values than non-syncytium-inducing, CCR5
10.1128/JVI.79.14.9006-9018.2005
15994794
PMC1168764
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy/immunology/*virology Adult Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use CD4 Lymphocyte Count Disease Progression Genetic Variation HIV-1/classification/*genetics Heteroduplex Analysis Humans Middle Aged Receptors, HIV/physiology Viral Load
R. M. C. Troyer, K. R., Abraha, A., Fraundorf, E., Moore, D. M., Krizan, R. W., Toossi, Z., Colebunders, R. L., Jensen, M. A., Mullins, J. I., Vanham, G., Arts, E. J. (2005). Changes in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 fitness and genetic diversity during disease progression. J Virol, 79(14), 9006-18. PMC1168764
Journal Article
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genomic RNA sequences in the female genital tract and blood: compartmentalization and intrapatient recombination
J Virol
2005
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15596829
Investigation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in the genital tract of women is crucial to the development of vaccines and therapies. Previous analyses of HIV-1 in various anatomic sites have documented compartmentalization, with viral sequences from each location that were distinct yet phylogenetically related. Full-length RNA genomes derived from different compartments in the same individual, however, have not yet been studied. Furthermore, although there is evidence that intrapatient recombination may occur frequently, recombinants comprising viruses from different sites within one individual have rarely been documented. We compared full-length HIV-1 RNA sequences in the plasma and female genital tract, focusing on a woman with high HIV-1 RNA loads in each compartment who had been infected heterosexually and then transmitted HIV-1 by the same route. We cloned and sequenced 10 full-length HIV-1 RNA genomes from her genital tract and 10 from her plasma. We also compared
10.1128/JVI.79.1.353-363.2005
15596829
PMC538688
Female Genetic Variation Genitalia, Female/*virology Genome, Viral HIV Infections/transmission/virology HIV-1/*classification/*genetics Humans Molecular Sequence Data Phylogeny RNA, Viral/analysis/*blood *Recombination, Genetic Sequence Analysis, DNA Viral Load
S. B. Philpott, H., Tsoukas, C., Foley, B., Anastos, K., Kitchen, C., Weiser, B. (2005). Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genomic RNA sequences in the female genital tract and blood: compartmentalization and intrapatient recombination. J Virol, 79(1), 353-63. PMC538688
Journal Article
Processing and presentation of exogenous HLA class I peptides by dendritic cells from human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected persons
J Virol
2005
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15709025
Dendritic cells (DCs) loaded with viral peptides are a potential form of immunotherapy of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. We show that DCs derived from blood monocytes of subjects with chronic HIV-1 infection on combination antiretroviral drug therapy have increases in expression of HLA, T-cell coreceptor, and T-cell activation molecules in response to the DC maturation factor CD40L comparable to those from uninfected persons. Mature DCs (mDCs) loaded with HLA A*0201-restricted viral peptides of the optimal length (9-mer) were more efficient at activating antiviral CD8(+) T cells than were immature DCs or peptide alone. Optimal presentation of these exogenous peptides required uptake and vesicular trafficking and was comparable in DCs derived from HIV-1-infected and uninfected persons. Furthermore, DCs from HIV-1-infected and uninfected persons had similar capacities to process viral peptides with C-terminal and N-terminal extensions through their proteasomal and
10.1128/JVI.79.5.3052-3062.2005
15709025
PMC548465
Antigen Presentation/drug effects Antimetabolites/pharmacology CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology Case-Control Studies Dendritic Cells/*immunology HIV Infections/*immunology Hiv-1 HLA Antigens/*metabolism Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/*metabolism Humans In Vitro Techniques Oligopeptides/immunology
X. L. F. Huang, Z., Colleton, B. A., Buchli, R., Li, H., Hildebrand, W. H., Rinaldo, C. R., Jr. (2005). Processing and presentation of exogenous HLA class I peptides by dendritic cells from human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected persons. J Virol, 79(5), 3052-62. PMC548465
Journal Article
Women in Rwanda: another world is possible
JAMA
2005
3-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16077056
10.1001/jama.294.5.613
16077056
Female HIV Infections Humans Poverty Rwanda Violence *Warfare *Women's Health *Women's Rights
M. H. d. A. Cohen, A. C., Anastos, K. (2005). Women in Rwanda: another world is possible. JAMA, 294(5), 613-5.
Journal Article
Incidence of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions associated with HIV serostatus, CD4 cell counts, and human papillomavirus test results
JAMA
2005
23-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15784870
CONTEXT: Recent cervical cancer screening guidelines state that the interval between screenings can be safely extended to 3 years in healthy women 30 years or older who have normal cytology results and have negative test results for oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA. OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) in HIV-seropositive women with normal cytology results, by baseline HPV DNA results. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS: Participants were HIV-seropositive (n = 855; mean age, 36 years) and HIV-seronegative (n = 343; mean age, 34 years) US women with normal baseline cervical cytology who were enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), a large, multi-institutional prospective cohort study. Since their recruitment during 1994-1995, WIHS participants have been followed up semi-annually with repeated Pap smears for a median of 7 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The cumulative incidence of any SIL and high-grade SIL or cancer (HSIL+) was e
10.1001/jama.293.12.1471
15784870
Adult CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia/diagnosis/*epidemiology/*virology Cohort Studies DNA, Viral Female HIV Seronegativity HIV Seropositivity/*complications/immunology Humans Incidence Mass Screening Papanicolaou Test Papillomaviridae/*isolation & purification Papillomavirus Infections/*complications Proportional Hazards Models Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/diagnosis/*epidemiology/*virology Vaginal Smears
T. G. B. Harris, R. D., Palefsky, J. M., Massad, L. S., Bang, J. Y., Anastos, K., Minkoff, H., Hall, C. B., Bacon, M. C., Levine, A. M., Watts, D. H., Silverberg, M. J., Xue, X., Melnick, S. L., Strickler, H. D. (2005). Incidence of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions associated with HIV serostatus, CD4 cell counts, and human papillomavirus test results. JAMA, 293(12), 1471-6.
Journal Article
Correlating two continuous variables subject to detection limits in the context of mixture distributions
Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series C (Applied Statistics)
2005
https://rss.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1467-9876.2005.00512.x
In individuals who are infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), distributions of quantitative HIV ribonucleic acid measurements may be highly left censored with an extra spike below the limit of detection LD of the assay. A two-component mixture model with the lower component entirely supported on [0, LD] is recommended to model the extra spike in univariate analysis better. Let LD1 and LD2 be the limits of detection for the two HIV viral load measurements. When estimating the correlation coefficient between two different measures of viral load obtained from each of a sample of patients, a bivariate Gaussian mixture model is recommended to model the extra spike on [0, LD1] and [0, LD2] better when the proportion below LD is incompatible with the left-hand tail of a bivariate Gaussian distribution. When the proportion of both variables falling below LD is very large, the parameters of the lower component may not be estimable since almost all observations from the lower componen
10.1111/j.1467-9876.2005.00512.x
bootstrap-based information criterion correlation coefficient cross-validation-based information criterion human immunodeficiency virus left censoring likelihood ratio test mixture model model selection womens interagency hiv likelihood model homogeneity number
H. M. Chu, Lawrence H., Mack, Wendy J., Passaro, Douglas J., Barroso, Paulo F., Munoz, Alvaro (2005). Correlating two continuous variables subject to detection limits in the context of mixture distributions. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series C (Applied Statistics), 54(5), 831-845.
Journal Article
Viral responses - HIV
Measuring Immunity: Basic Science and Clinical Practice
2005
category: immunology/virology clinical Hiv Immunity response
Book Section
AIDS restriction HLA allotypes target distinct intervals of HIV-1 pathogenesis
Nat Med
2005
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16288280
An effective acquired immune response to infectious agents mediated by HLA-restricted T-cell recognition can target different stages of disease pathogenesis. We show here that three distinct HLA alleles known to alter the overall rate of AIDS progression act during distinct intervals after HIV-1 infection. The discrete timing of HLA allele influence suggests alternative functional mechanisms in immune defense against this dynamic and chronic immunosuppressive disease.
10.1038/nm1333
16288280
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology/*immunology *Alleles CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology Disease Progression HIV-1/*immunology HLA-B Antigens/*genetics Humans Survival Analysis Time Factors
X. B. Gao, A., Iversen, A. K., Phair, J., Goedert, J. J., Buchbinder, S., Hoots, K., Vlahov, D., Altfeld, M., O'Brien, S. J., Carrington, M. (2005). AIDS restriction HLA allotypes target distinct intervals of HIV-1 pathogenesis. Nat Med, 11(12), 1290-2.
Journal Article
Outcome after negative colposcopy among human immunodeficiency virus-infected women with borderline cytologic abnormalities
Obstet Gynecol
2005
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16135582
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the risk of and risk factors for progression among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive women with abnormal cervical cytology but negative colposcopy. METHODS: In a prospective cohort study, 391 HIV-seropositive and 103 seronegative women with cervical cytology read as atypical squamous cells (ASC) or low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) but negative colposcopy were followed up for a mean of 4.0 years with cytology at 6-month intervals. Colposcopy was prescribed for any epithelial abnormality. RESULTS: Progression to CIN2, CIN3, high-grade SIL/severe dysplasia, or cancer occurred in 47 (12%) HIV-seropositive women and 4 (4%) HIV-seronegative women (P = .02). Progression to CIN1 was seen in an additional 12 HIV-seropositive women and 1 seronegative woman. In multivariate analysis, high-risk but not low-risk HPV detection (hazard ratio [HR] 2.46-95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18-5.12, P = .02 for high risk, HR 1.41, 95% CI 0.62-3.21, P = .42
10.1097/01.AOG.0000172429.45130.1f
16135582
Adult Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia/epidemiology *Colposcopy Disease Progression Female HIV Seropositivity/*epidemiology Humans Multicenter Studies as Topic Multivariate Analysis Prospective Studies Risk Factors Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/*epidemiology/pathology Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/epidemiology
L. S. E. Massad, C. T., Strickler, H. D., Burk, R. D., Watts, D. H., Cashin, L., Darragh, T., Gange, S., Lee, Y. C., Moxley, M., Levine, A., Passaro, D. J. (2005). Outcome after negative colposcopy among human immunodeficiency virus-infected women with borderline cytologic abnormalities. Obstet Gynecol, 106(3), 525-32.
Journal Article
The effect of HAART on salivary microbiota in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS)
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod
2005
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16301151
OBJECTIVE: Study the prevalence of potentially pathogenic microorganisms in saliva of HIV-positive women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. STUDY DESIGN: 157 HIV-positive and 31 HIV-negative women were studied. At baseline and every 6 months over 4 years, information was collected on socioeconomic and educational status, oral and systemic health, including HIV markers and antiretroviral therapy, and frequency of professional oral care utilization. Bacterial and yeast pathogenic isolates from stimulated whole saliva were tentatively identified using standard methodologies. RESULTS: The prevalence of microorganisms in stimulated saliva of HIV-positive women was not significantly different from that of HIV-negative women. In HIV-positive women, highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was independently and significantly associated with the presence of a variety of salivary bacterial species. HAART increased the risk for recovering Fusobacterium species (P < .001), enteric gram-nega
10.1016/j.tripleo.2004.10.011
16301151
Adolescent Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*adverse effects Bacteria, Anaerobic/drug effects Case-Control Studies Female Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects HIV Infections/*drug therapy Humans Logistic Models Longitudinal Studies Middle Aged Odds Ratio Saliva/*microbiology
M. M. Navazesh, R., Pogoda, J., Greenspan, D., Alves, M., Phelan, J., Greenspan, J., Slots, J. (2005). The effect of HAART on salivary microbiota in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 100(6), 701-8.
Journal Article
Structural accelerated failure time models for survival analysis in studies with time-varying treatments
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf
2005
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15660442
BACKGROUND: In the absence of unmeasured confounding factors and model misspecification, standard methods for estimating the causal effect of time-varying treatments on survival are biased when (i) there exists a time-dependent risk factor for survival that also predicts subsequent treatment and (ii) past treatment history predicts subsequent risk factor level. In contrast, structural models provide consistent estimates of causal effects when unmeasured confounding and model misspecification are absent. The parameters of nested structural models are estimated by g-estimation and those of marginal structural models by inverse probability weighting. METHODS: We describe a nested structural accelerated failure time model and use it to estimate the total causal effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on the time to AIDS or death among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected participants of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort and Women's Interagency HIV Studies. The Appendix desc
10.1002/pds.1064
15660442
Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/statistics & numerical data Causality Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*mortality Humans Male Multicenter Studies as Topic Proportional Hazards Models Prospective Studies Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Risk Factors Survival Analysis Time Factors
M. A. C. Hernan, S. R., Margolick, J., Cohen, M., Robins, J. M. (2005). Structural accelerated failure time models for survival analysis in studies with time-varying treatments. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf, 14(7), 477-91.
Journal Article
Assay validation for left-censored data
Stat Med
2005
15-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15977288
In laboratory validation studies, it is often important to assess agreement between two assays, based on different techniques. Oftentimes, both assays have lower limits of detection and thus measurements are left censored. For example, in studies of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), the branched DNA (bDNA) assay was developed to quantify HIV-1 RNA concentrations in plasma. Validation of newer assays, such as the RT-PCR (reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction) involves assessing agreement of measurements obtained using the two techniques. Both bDNA and RT-PCR assays have lower limits of detection and thus new statistical methods are needed for assessing agreement between two left-censored variables. In this paper, we present maximum likelihood and generalized estimating equations approaches to evaluate agreement between two assays that are subject to lower limits of detection. The concordance correlation coefficient is used as an agreement index. The methodology is illustrate
10.1002/sim.2225
15977288
Computer Simulation HIV/growth & development HIV Infections/diagnosis Humans *Likelihood Functions RNA, Viral/blood *Reproducibility of Results Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Sensitivity and Specificity
H. X. S. Barnhart, J., Lyles, R. H. (2005). Assay validation for left-censored data. Stat Med, 24(21), 3347-60.
Journal Article
Epidemiology of Cancer in the Pre-HAART and HAART Eras
Viral and Immunologic Malignancies
2005
Book Section
Decreased perforin and granzyme B expression in senescent HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes
Virology
2005
5-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15661136
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) senescence may be an important mechanism of immune failure in HIV-1 infection. We find that senescence of HIV-1-specific CTL clones causes loss of killing activity, preventable by transduction with telomerase. Furthermore, senescence is associated with reduced expression of the effector molecules granzyme and perforin, suggesting CTL "exhaustion" can result in hypofunction. These results agree with other studies showing that HIV-1-specific CTL exhibit abnormal phenotypes in vivo, and suggest the possibility that chronic turnover is an important mechanism of antiviral failure in HIV-1 infection.
10.1016/j.virol.2004.11.028
15661136
Aging/immunology Cellular Senescence/immunology Chronic Disease Granzymes HIV-1/*immunology Humans Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics/*metabolism Perforin Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins Serine Endopeptidases/genetics/*metabolism T-Lymphocyte Subsets/*metabolism T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology/*metabolism
O. O. L. Yang, H., Dagarag, M., Ng, H. L., Effros, R. B., Uittenbogaart, C. H. (2005). Decreased perforin and granzyme B expression in senescent HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Virology, 332(1), 16-9.
Journal Article
Prevalence and clinical predictors of Pneumocystis colonization among HIV-infected men
AIDS
2004
4/12/2004
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15075515
BACKGROUND: The epidemiology and transmission of Pneumocystis are poorly understood. The incidence of colonization, or detection of organisms without signs of disease, has been debated, and risk factors for colonization are largely unknown. OBJECTIVE: To determine the rate of Pneumocystis colonization among HIV-infected patients at autopsy and analyze associated clinical variables. METHODS: Subjects were selected from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Subjects who died from causes other than Pneumocystis pneumonia and consented to autopsy were included in analysis. DNA was extracted from lung tissue, and nested PCR was performed to detect the presence of Pneumocystis. Clinical data were obtained from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort database. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine predictors of Pneumocystis colonization. RESULTS: Pneumocystis DNA was detected in 42 of 91 (46%) subjects by nested PCR. Clinical variables such as CD4 cell count, use of Pneumocystis p
10.1097/00002030-200403260-00011
15075515
AIDS analysis Autopsy category: clinical/epidemiological CD4 Cell Count Cities clinical cohort Cohort Studies cohort study control Disease Dna drugs effects epidemiology health history immunology Incidence infectious diseases Los Angeles methods microbiology multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Multivariate Analysis PCR Pennsylvania Pittsburgh pneumonia predictor predictors Prevalence prevention prophylaxis Public Health Risk Risk Factors Smoking study transmission
A. K. Morris, L.A., Groner, G., Lebedeva, I.P., Beard, C.B., Norris, K.A. (2004). Prevalence and clinical predictors of Pneumocystis colonization among HIV-infected men. AIDS, 18(5), 793-798.
Journal Article
Changes in adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy medications in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
AIDS
2004
5-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15090774
OBJECTIVES: To characterize the determinants of changes in adherence to antiretroviral therapy and examine whether there are persistent lower adherers. DESIGN: A cohort study with repeated measurements. METHODS: Self-reported 100% adherence was defined as taking all doses and numbers of pills over a 4-day period as prescribed for current HIV medications. Independent predictors of changing adherence (< 100% to 100% and 100% to < 100%) were determined by logistic regression, correcting for correlated repeated measures for 597 HIV-positive men reporting the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) between October 1998 and October 2000. RESULTS: Of the 942 visit-pairs with initial 100% adherence, 106 (11.3%) reduced adherence to less than 100%, and 836 (88.7%) remained 100% adherent at the next 6-month visit. No recent outpatient visits, younger age, depression, less than college educated, and later in calendar time predicted decreasing adherence. Among 186 visit-pairs starting
10.1097/00002030-200403050-00013
15090774
Adult African Americans/psychology Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*psychology/*statistics & numerical data Cohort Studies Epidemiologic Methods HIV Infections/*drug therapy/ethnology *hiv-1 Homosexuality, Male Humans Male Middle Aged Patient Compliance/ethnology/*statistics & numerical data United States
C. A. B. Kleeberger, J., Palella, F., Detels, R., Riddler, S., Godfrey, R., Jacobson, L. P. (2004). Changes in adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy medications in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. AIDS, 18(4), 683-8.
Journal Article
Recombination following superinfection by HIV-1
AIDS
2004
23-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15075531
BACKGROUND: There is increasing recognition of recombinant HIV-1 strains globally, but it has been unclear whether recombination results from superinfection during untreated, chronic infection. OBJECTIVE: To search for evidence of recombination and superinfection in Africa, where multiple HIV-1 subtypes facilitate identification of strains. METHODS: Serial blood samples from highly exposed, chronically infected women in Nairobi's Pumwani sex workers cohort were examined. Serial, complete HIV-1 RNA sequence analyses were performed for seven untreated long-term survivors. Sequences were subjected to computational analysis. RESULTS: One woman had evidence of both superinfection and recombination. Complete HIV-1 RNA sequences were first derived from plasma obtained in 1986, when the woman had been HIV seropositive for at least 21 months; this sequence was entirely subtype A. The sequences obtained from plasma in 1995 and 1997, however, were subtype A/C recombinants with a SimPlot demonstra
10.1097/00002030-200401230-00003
15075531
Adult Cohort Studies DNA, Viral/genetics Female Genome, Viral HIV Infections/epidemiology/*genetics HIV-1/*genetics/isolation & purification Humans Kenya/epidemiology RNA, Viral/genetics Recombination, Genetic/*genetics Sequence Analysis, DNA Sex Work Superinfection/epidemiology/*genetics
G. W. Fang, B., Kuiken, C., Philpott, S. M., Rowland-Jones, S., Plummer, F., Kimani, J., Shi, B., Kaul, R., Bwayo, J., Anzala, O., Burger, H. (2004). Recombination following superinfection by HIV-1. AIDS, 18(2), 153-9.
Journal Article
Healthcare use by varied highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) strata: HAART use, discontinuation, and naivety
AIDS
2004
5-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15090767
OBJECTIVES: Prior reports have found a temporal association between the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and population rates of health service use among persons living with HIV. Our objective was to explore further the effect of HAART by comparing healthcare use among persons who use HAART and persons who discontinue HAART to that among HAART-naive and HIV-negative persons. METHODS: Longitudinal analyses of 1485 women with and at-risk for HIV who contributed data to the Women's Interagency HIV Study between April 1997 and March 2000. RESULTS: Compared with HAART-naive women, those using HAART had a higher probability of more than three primary care visits per 6 months [odds ratio (OR), 1.38; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.16-1.65), a lower probability of more than one emergency room visit per 6 months (OR, 0.75; CI, 0.59-0.95), and a lower probability of more than one hospitalization per 6 months (OR, 0.67; CI, 0.51-0.88). Compared with HAART-naive women,
10.1097/00002030-200403050-00006
15090767
Adult *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Delivery of Health Care/*statistics & numerical data Emergency Service, Hospital/statistics & numerical data Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data Humans Longitudinal Studies Odds Ratio Patient Acceptance of Health Care/*statistics & numerical data Primary Health Care/statistics & numerical data United States Women's Health Services/*statistics & numerical data
H. L. Palacio, X., Wilson, T. E., Sacks, H., Cohen, M. H., Richardson, J., Young, M., Munoz, A., Women's Interagency, H. I. V. Study (2004). Healthcare use by varied highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) strata: HAART use, discontinuation, and naivety. AIDS, 18(4), 621-30.
Journal Article
Low incidence of invasive cervical cancer among HIV-infected US women in a prevention program
AIDS
2004
2-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15090836
OBJECTIVE: To measure the incidence of invasive cervical cancer (ICC) in US women infected with HIV. DESIGN: Multicenter prospective cohort study, conducted between October 1994, and September 2001. SETTING: HIV research centers operating as six urban consortia in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. SUBJECTS: A total of 2131 women (462 HIV seronegative, 1661 HIV seropositive, and eight seroconverters). Women with a history of hysterectomy or of cervical cancer at baseline evaluation were excluded. INTERVENTION: Cervical cytology obtained at 6-month intervals, with a colposcopy referral threshold of atypia, followed by individualized treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: ICC diagnoses obtained from study databases and regional cancer registries and confirmed by a gynecologic pathologist. RESULTS: No incident ICC were observed in HIV seronegative women during 2375 woman-years of observation. During 8260 woman-years of observation, eight putative incident cases of cervical cancer were identifie
10.1097/00002030-200401020-00013
15090836
Adult Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/complications/epidemiology/pathology Female HIV Seropositivity/complications/*epidemiology/pathology Humans Incidence Neoplasm Invasiveness Prospective Studies United States/epidemiology Urban Health Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/complications/*epidemiology/pathology
L. S. S. Massad, E. C., Watts, D. H., Hessol, N. A., Melnick, S., Bitterman, P., Anastos, K., Silver, S., Levine, A. M., Minkoff, H. (2004). Low incidence of invasive cervical cancer among HIV-infected US women in a prevention program. AIDS, 18(1), 109-13.
Journal Article
Pregnancy rates and predictors of conception, miscarriage and abortion in US women with HIV
AIDS
2004
23-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15075546
OBJECTIVE: To determine frequency and outcomes of pregnancy in US women with HIV before and after introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). DESIGN: Prospective cohort study at six US centers. METHODS: HIV seropositive and at-risk seronegative women reported pregnancy outcomes at 6-month intervals during the period 1 October 1994 to 31 March 2002. Outcomes were tabulated and pregnancy rates calculated. Logistic regression defined outcome correlates. RESULTS: Pregnancy rates were 7.4 and 15.2 per 100 person-years in seropositive and seronegative women, respectively (P < 0.0001). Among seropositives, 119 (36%) pregnancies ended in live birth, six (2%) in stillbirth, 126 (36%) in abortion, 83 (24%) in miscarriage, 16 (5%) in ectopic pregnancy, and two (1%) in other outcomes (P = nonsignificant versus seronegatives). Independent baseline correlates of conception in seropositives included younger age [odds ratio (OR), 1.20; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.16-1.23], prior
10.1097/00002030-200401230-00018
15075546
Abortion, Induced/statistics & numerical data Abortion, Spontaneous/*epidemiology Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Cohort Studies Female Fertilization HIV Infections/drug therapy/*epidemiology HIV Seronegativity HIV Seropositivity/epidemiology Humans Pregnancy Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/*epidemiology Pregnancy Outcome/epidemiology Pregnancy Rate Prospective Studies Regression Analysis Risk Factors United States/epidemiology
L. S. S. Massad, G., Jacobson, L., Watts, H., Anastos, K., Korn, A., Cejtin, H., Stek, A., Young, M., Schmidt, J., Minkoff, H. (2004). Pregnancy rates and predictors of conception, miscarriage and abortion in US women with HIV. AIDS, 18(2), 281-6.
Journal Article
Persistent alterations in the T-cell repertoires of HIV-1-infected and at-risk uninfected men
AIDS
2004
23-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15075532
OBJECTIVE: We examined the association between immunogenic exposure and T-cell receptor (TCR) diversity to more clearly assess the impact of HIV-1 infection on the T-cell repertoire. METHODS: : To estimate the extent of T-cell clonality attributable to HIV-1 infection, we evaluated T-cell repertoires in low-risk and at-risk seronegative men and HIV-1 seropositive men by assessment of T-cell receptor beta-chain (TCR beta) complimentary determining region 3 (CDR3) lengths. RESULTS: The frequency of T-cell clonality in both HIV-1 infected and at-risk uninfected men was elevated in comparison to low-risk uninfected men. Among low-risk and at-risk seronegative, and HIV-1 seropositive men, clonal expansions were present in 3, 8, and 10% of CD4+ CDR3 lengths, and 18, 22, and 28% of CD8+ CDR3 lengths respectively. In addition, the longitudinal conservation of clonal expansions was observed in at-risk seronegative men. Based on comparisons to at-risk seronegative men, we estimate that at-risk s
10.1097/00002030-200401230-00004
15075532
Analysis of Variance CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology Chronic Disease Flow Cytometry HIV Infections/*immunology HIV Seronegativity/immunology HIV Seropositivity/immunology HIV-1/*immunology Homosexuality, Male Humans Immunophenotyping Male Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology Risk Factors T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
M. S. M. Killian, J., Matud, J., Hultin, L. E., Hausner, M. A., Yang, O. O., Gregersen, P. K., Detels, R., Giorgi, J. V., Jamieson, B. D. (2004). Persistent alterations in the T-cell repertoires of HIV-1-infected and at-risk uninfected men. AIDS, 18(2), 161-70.
Journal Article
Prognostic value of plasma HIV RNA among highly active antiretroviral therapy users
AIDS
2004
12/3/2004
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15622318
BACKGROUND: The study objective was to compare the prognostic value of plasma HIV RNA and CD4 cell count at baseline and as time-updated variables in highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) users for two outcomes: development of AIDS and change in CD4 cell count. METHODS: The study population comprised 387 men enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study who were AIDS-free and initiated HAART between 1996 and 2001. Follow-up until AIDS diagnosis (n=36, 9%) or the last AIDS-free visit was included. To determine the predictive value of combining HIV RNA and CD4 cell count, regression tree methods using recursive partitioning at pre-specified cut points for both variables were used. RESULTS: Low CD4 cell count was a strong predictor of AIDS among HAART users. However, HIV RNA showed strong prognostic value for AIDS development among those with CD4 cell counts > 250 x 10(6) cells/l, in whom an HIV RNA level > 1000 copies/ml carried a 4.6-fold greater risk of developing AIDS. HIV RNA
15622318
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome AIDS antiretroviral therapy Antiretroviral Therapy,Highly Active blood category: disease progression CD4 CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cell Count change cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Comparative Study diagnosis Disease Progression drug therapy follow-up Follow-Up Studies HAART health Hiv Hiv-1 HIV Infections Humans immunology Male marker methods multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Multicenter Studies outcome population predictor Prognosis Public Health Research Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. Risk Rna Rna,Viral study therapies therapy
P. M. G. Tarwater, J.E., Mellors, J.W., Gore, M.E., Phair, J.P., Detels, R., Margolick, J.B., Muñoz, A. (2004). Prognostic value of plasma HIV RNA among highly active antiretroviral therapy users. AIDS, 18(18), 2419-2423.
Journal Article
Effect of discontinuing antiretroviral therapy on survival of women initiated on highly active antiretroviral therapy
AIDS
2004
23-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15238776
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the effect of discontinuing antiretroviral therapy (ART) on survival, among women who initiated highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). DESIGN: A multicenter cohort study. METHODS: A total of 951 HAART-initiated women were followed for total mortality between 1995 and 2002. The relative hazard (RH) of death attributable to discontinuing all ART was estimated using an inverse probability of treatment-weighted marginal structural Cox proportional hazards model, as well as standard Cox models. RESULTS: Three hundred and forty-three out of 951 women discontinued all ART during the 3187 person-years of follow-up, and 116 died. The RH of death attributable to discontinuation was 1.97 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17, 3.31] from the marginal structural Cox model. A RH of 1.49 (95% CI 0.94, 2.35) was observed using the same set of covariates in a standard Cox model. CONCLUSION: An increased risk of mortality for those HAART initiators who discontinued ART was obs
10.1097/01.aids.0000131359.37210.1f
15238776
Adult *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Cohort Studies Female Follow-Up Studies HIV Infections/*drug therapy/mortality Humans Prognosis Proportional Hazards Models Survival Analysis *Treatment Refusal
Y. C. Barron, S. R., Greenblatt, R. M., Cohen, M. H., Anastos, K., DeHovitz, J. A., Delapenha, R., Gange, S. J. (2004). Effect of discontinuing antiretroviral therapy on survival of women initiated on highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS, 18(11), 1579-84.
Journal Article
Initiation of regular marijuana use among a cohort of women infected with or at risk for HIV in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS)
AIDS Patient Care STDS
2004
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15659881
Our study sought to determine the incidence of weekly marijuana use among HIV-infected and uninfected women, to identify correlates of weekly marijuana use, and to test its association with stage of HIV disease and type of HIV treatment received. A total of 2059 HIV-positive and 569 HIV-negative women from 6 sites were recruited between 1994 and 1995 and followed through 2000. After excluding women who reported weekly marijuana use at baseline, 2050 women were included in the analysis. The incidence rate for initiating marijuana was calculated and survival analysis was performed to determine the correlates of initiating weekly marijuana use. Three hundred and three women initiated weekly marijuana use within 5.5 years of the baseline visit, yielding a cumulative incidence (CI) of 14.8%. There was no significant difference in weekly marijuana use initiation between HIV-infected (CI = 14.5%) and HIV-uninfected women (CI = 16.0%). Younger age and having more sex partners was associated wi
10.1089/apc.2004.18.702
15659881
Adolescent Adult *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/complications/*drug therapy HIV Seronegativity Humans Incidence Life Style *Marijuana Smoking/epidemiology/trends Marital Status Multicenter Studies as Topic Risk Factors United States/epidemiology Urban Population Viral Load
W. H. W. Kuo, T. E., Weber, K. M., Madhava, V., Richardson, J., Delapenha, R., Des Jarlais, D. (2004). Initiation of regular marijuana use among a cohort of women infected with or at risk for HIV in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). AIDS Patient Care STDS, 18(12), 702-13.
Journal Article
Fraction of cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome prevented by the interactions of identified restriction gene variants
Am J Epidemiol
2004
1-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14742283
Previous research has demonstrated isolated effects of host genetic factors on the progression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. In this paper, the authors present a novel use of multivariable methods for estimating the prevented fraction of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases attributable to six restriction genes after accounting for their epidemiologic interactions. The methods presented will never yield a prevented fraction above 1. The study population consisted of a well-characterized cohort of 525 US men with HIV-1 seroconversion documented during follow-up (1984-1996). On the basis of a regression tree approach using a Cox proportional hazards model for times to clinical AIDS, the combinations of genes associated with the greatest protection, relative to the lack of a protective genotype, consisted of: 1) C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5)-Delta 32 and C-C chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2)-64I (relative hazard = 0.44); 2) interleukin 10 (IL10)-+/+ in c
10.1093/aje/kwh036
14742283
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology/*genetics/prevention & control Adult Epidemiologic Methods Genotype HIV-1/*immunology Homosexuality, Male Humans Male Multicenter Studies as Topic Prospective Studies United States/epidemiology
M. J. S. Silverberg, M. W., Chmiel, J. S., Detels, R., Margolick, J. B., Rinaldo, C. R., O'Brien, S. J., Munoz, A. (2004). Fraction of cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome prevented by the interactions of identified restriction gene variants. Am J Epidemiol, 159(3), 232-41.
Journal Article
A high-density admixture map for disease gene discovery in african americans
Am J Hum Genet
2004
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15088270
Admixture mapping (also known as "mapping by admixture linkage disequilibrium," or MALD) provides a way of localizing genes that cause disease, in admixed ethnic groups such as African Americans, with approximately 100 times fewer markers than are required for whole-genome haplotype scans. However, it has not been possible to perform powerful scans with admixture mapping because the method requires a dense map of validated markers known to have large frequency differences between Europeans and Africans. To create such a map, we screened through databases containing approximately 450000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for which frequencies had been estimated in African and European population samples. We experimentally confirmed the frequencies of the most promising SNPs in a multiethnic panel of unrelated samples and identified 3011 as a MALD map (1.2 cM average spacing). We estimate that this map is approximately 70% informative in differentiating African versus European origin
10.1086/420856
15088270
PMC1181963
African Americans/*genetics Alleles Chromosome Mapping/*methods Ethnic Groups/genetics European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics Gene Frequency/genetics Genetic Diseases, Inborn/*ethnology/genetics Genetic Markers/genetics Genetics, Population Genome, Human Haplotypes/*genetics Humans Linkage Disequilibrium/*genetics Microsatellite Repeats Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/*genetics
M. W. P. Smith, N., Lautenberger, J. A., Truelove, A. L., McDonald, G. J., Waliszewska, A., Kessing, B. D., Malasky, M. J., Scafe, C., Le, E., De Jager, P. L., Mignault, A. A., Yi, Z., De The, G., Essex, M., Sankale, J. L., Moore, J. H., Poku, K., Phair, J. P., Goedert, J. J., Vlahov, D., Williams, S. M., Tishkoff, S. A., Winkler, C. A., De La Vega, F. M., Woodage, T., Sninsky, J. J., Hafler, D. A., Altshuler, D., Gilbert, D. A., O'Brien, S. J., Reich, D. (2004). A high-density admixture map for disease gene discovery in african americans. Am J Hum Genet, 74(5), 1001-13. PMC1181963
Journal Article
Effect of antiretroviral therapy on the incidence of genital warts and vulvar neoplasia among women with the human immunodeficiency virus
Am J Obstet Gynecol
2004
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15167825
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence and predictors of genital warts and vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia among women with the human immunodeficiency virus. STUDY DESIGN: This was a multicenter prospective cohort study comprised of women without warts or vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia at baseline who underwent CD4 count, human immunodeficiency virus RNA measurement, examination, Papanicolaou test, and biopsy, as indicated, every 6 months. Human papillomavirus DNA typing was examined at baseline. RESULTS: The incidence of warts among women who were human immunodeficiency virus seronegative was 1.31 versus 5.01 per 100 person-years among women who were seropositive (P < .001). Incidence of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia among women who were seronegative was 1.31 versus 4.67 per 100 person-years among women who were seropositive (P < .001). In multivariable analysis, warts were associated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (relative hazard, 0.76),
10.1016/j.ajog.2003.12.037
15167825
Adult Age Distribution Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*methods CD4 Lymphocyte Count Carcinoma/diagnosis/*epidemiology Cohort Studies Comorbidity Condylomata Acuminata/diagnosis/*epidemiology Female HIV Infections/diagnosis/*drug therapy/*epidemiology HIV Seropositivity Humans Incidence Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis Papanicolaou Test Probability Prognosis Proportional Hazards Models Prospective Studies Risk Assessment Vaginal Smears Vulvar Neoplasms/diagnosis/*epidemiology
L. S. S. Massad, M. J., Springer, G., Minkoff, H., Hessol, N., Palefsky, J. M., Strickler, H. D., Levine, A. M., Sacks, H. S., Moxley, M., Heather Watts, D. (2004). Effect of antiretroviral therapy on the incidence of genital warts and vulvar neoplasia among women with the human immunodeficiency virus. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 190(5), 1241-8.
Journal Article
Depressive symptoms and AIDS-related mortality among a multisite cohort of HIV-positive women
Am J Public Health
2004
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15226133
OBJECTIVES: We examined associations between depressive symptoms and AIDS-related mortality after controlling for antiretroviral therapy use, mental health treatment, medication adherence, substance abuse, clinical indicators, and demographic factors. METHODS: One thousand seven hundred sixteen HIV-seropositive women completed semiannual visits from 1994 through 2001 to clinics at 6 sites. Multivariate Cox and logistic regression analyses estimated time to AIDS-related death and depressive symptom severity. RESULTS: After we controlled for all other factors, AIDS-related deaths were more likely among women with chronic depressive symptoms, and symptoms were more severe among women in the terminal phase of their illness. Mental health service use was associated with reduced mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment for depression is a critically important component of comprehensive care for HIV-seropositive women, especially those with end-stage disease.
10.2105/ajph.94.7.1133
15226133
PMC1448411
*Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications/drug therapy/mortality Adult Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/statistics & numerical data California/epidemiology Chicago/epidemiology Chronic Disease Cohort Studies *Depression/epidemiology/virology District of Columbia/epidemiology Female Health Status Indicators Humans Logistic Models Mental Health Services/statistics & numerical data Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis New York City/epidemiology Patient Compliance/statistics & numerical data Proportional Hazards Models Risk Factors Severity of Illness Index Substance-Related Disorders/complications Survival Analysis
J. A. G. Cook, D., Burke, J., Cohen, M. H., Gurtman, A. C., Richardson, J. L., Wilson, T. E., Young, M. A., Hessol, N. A. (2004). Depressive symptoms and AIDS-related mortality among a multisite cohort of HIV-positive women. Am J Public Health, 94(7), 1133-40. PMC1448411
Journal Article
Medically eligible women who do not use HAART: the importance of abuse, drug use, and race
Am J Public Health
2004
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15226135
OBJECTIVES: We investigated the prevalence and characteristics of HIV-positive women who do not report highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) use. METHODS: We analyzed HAART use among 1165 HIV-positive participants in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. RESULTS: Between October 1, 2000, and March 31, 2001, 254 women with clinical indications for HAART reported not using it, 635 reported HAART use, and 276 had no clinical indications. In multivariate analysis, using crack/cocaine/heroin and a history of abuse decreased the likelihood of using HAART, whereas being White increased it. CONCLUSIONS: One of 4 women for whom HAART was indicated reported not using HAART. Childhood sexual abuse prevention, more intensive abuse treatment, and continuing drug treatment may enhance HIV disease treatment of women.
10.2105/ajph.94.7.1147
15226135
PMC1448413
Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/psychology/statistics & numerical data California/epidemiology Chicago/epidemiology Child *Child Abuse/psychology/statistics & numerical data Comorbidity Depressive Disorder/complications/epidemiology District of Columbia Female HIV Infections/complications/drug therapy/psychology Health Care Surveys Hepatitis C/complications/epidemiology Humans Logistic Models Longitudinal Studies Multivariate Analysis New York City/epidemiology Patient Compliance/psychology/statistics & numerical data Patient Selection Predictive Value of Tests Risk Factors *Spouse Abuse/psychology/statistics & numerical data *Substance-Related Disorders/complications/psychology Surveys and Questionnaires Women's Health
M. H. C. Cohen, J. A., Grey, D., Young, M., Hanau, L. H., Tien, P., Levine, A. M., Wilson, T. E. (2004). Medically eligible women who do not use HAART: the importance of abuse, drug use, and race. Am J Public Health, 94(7), 1147-51. PMC1448413
Journal Article
Changes in sexual behavior among HIV-infected women after initiation of HAART
Am J Public Health
2004
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15226134
OBJECTIVES: We assessed the association between initiation of highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) regimens and sexual risk behaviors among HIVinfected women. METHODS: We analyzed data from 724 women who initiated HAART between January 1996 and January 2001 and who had pre-HAART viral loads at or above 400 copies per milliliter. RESULTS: Sexually active women were less likely (odds ratio [OR] = 0.79) to report 2 or more partners during a 6-month period after HAART initiation than before HAART initiation. However, the risk for unprotected sex was higher after HAART initiation than before HAART initiation among all sexually active women (both those who reported 2 or more partners [OR = 1.84] and those who reported 1 partner [OR = 1.22]). CONCLUSIONS: Sexual risk behaviors are associated with receipt of therapy but not with therapeutic response, indicating a risk for transmission among female HAART recipients.
10.2105/ajph.94.7.1141
15226134
PMC1448412
Adult Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/methods/*psychology Attitude to Health CD4 Lymphocyte Count California/epidemiology Chicago/epidemiology Depression/complications/epidemiology District of Columbia Female Follow-Up Studies *HIV Infections/complications/drug therapy/psychology Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice Humans New York City/epidemiology Prevalence Risk Assessment Risk Factors *Risk-Taking *Safe Sex/psychology/statistics & numerical data Sexual Partners Smoking/epidemiology Substance-Related Disorders/complications/epidemiology Surveys and Questionnaires Women/education/*psychology
T. E. G. Wilson, M. E., Greenblatt, R., Cohen, M., Minkoff, H., Silver, S., Robison, E., Levine, A., Gange, S. J. (2004). Changes in sexual behavior among HIV-infected women after initiation of HAART. Am J Public Health, 94(7), 1141-6. PMC1448412
Journal Article
Estimation of cumulative odds ratios
Ann Epidemiol
2004
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15036220
PURPOSE: Standard estimation of ordered odds ratios requires the constraint that the etiologic effects of exposure are homogenous across thresholds of the ordered response. We present a method to relax this often-unrealistic constraint. METHODS: The kernel of the proposed method is the expansion of observed data into "person-thresholds." Using standard statistical software, for each subject we create a separate record for each response threshold and then apply binary logistic regression to estimate generalized cumulative odds ratios for one or more exposures. RESULTS: Two examples demonstrate that the proposed method provides increased flexibility in assessing the etiologic effects of exposures. A Monte Carlo simulation study supports the proposed approach by suggesting the estimated cumulative odds ratios are unbiased with proper confidence interval coverage attained by use of generalized estimating equations. CONCLUSION: The proposed method provides simple estimates of ordered odds r
10.1016/j.annepidem.2003.08.003
15036220
Diabetic Retinopathy/epidemiology Epidemiologic Methods Episiotomy Female Humans Monte Carlo Method *Odds Ratio United States/epidemiology
S. R. A. Cole, P. D., Ananth, C. V. (2004). Estimation of cumulative odds ratios. Ann Epidemiol, 14(3), 172-8.
Journal Article
The prognostic importance of changes in CD4+ cell count and HIV-1 RNA level in women after initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy
Ann Intern Med
2004
17-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14970148
BACKGROUND: The prognostic value of CD4+ cell counts and HIV-1 RNA levels attained after the initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) compared with before the initiation of HAART has not been well defined. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prognostic value for clinical outcomes of CD4+ cell counts and HIV-1 RNA levels attained after initiating therapy. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Women's Interagency HIV Study. PATIENTS: 1132 participants in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. MEASUREMENTS: HIV-1 RNA level, CD+ cell counts, AIDS-defining illness, and death. RESULTS: In multivariate analyses with a median follow-up of 3.9 years, women with CD4+ cell counts of less than 0.200 x 10(9) cells/L compared with women with CD4+ cell counts of greater than 0.350 x 10(9) cells/L after HAART initiation had a relative hazard of death from all causes of 2.66 (95% CI, 1.42 to 4.99) and a relative hazard of death from AIDS of 47.61 (CI, 5.69 to 398.40). The relative hazard of
10.7326/0003-4819-140-4-200402170-00007
14970148
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*drug therapy/immunology/mortality/virology Adult Aged *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Biomarkers/analysis *CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cause of Death Disease Progression Female Follow-Up Studies HIV-1/genetics/*metabolism Humans Middle Aged Prognosis Prospective Studies RNA, Viral/blood Viral Load
K. B. Anastos, Y., Cohen, M. H., Greenblatt, R. M., Minkoff, H., Levine, A., Young, M., Gange, S. J. (2004). The prognostic importance of changes in CD4+ cell count and HIV-1 RNA level in women after initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy. Ann Intern Med, 140(4), 256-64.
Journal Article
Functional attributes of mucosal immunity in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and effects of HIV infection
Cancer Res
2004
15-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15374995
The role of mucosal immunity in human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cervical diseases is poorly understood. To characterize the local immune microenvironment in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2/3 and determine the effects of HIV infection, we compared samples from three groups: normal cervix, CIN 2/3 from immunocompetent women (HIV- CIN 2/3), and CIN 2/3 from HIV seropositive women (HIV+ CIN 2/3). CIN 2/3 lesions contained increased numbers of immune cells from both the acquired and innate arms of the immune response in stroma [CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, macrophages, mast cells, B cells, neutrophils, and natural killer (NK) cells] and dysplastic epithelium (CD4+ T cells, macrophages, and NK cells). Immune cells in CIN 2/3 expressed activation markers, as measured by interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) and transcription factor T bet. Interferon-gamma production was significantly up-regulated in CIN lesions and was expressed by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and NK cells, indicating the activatio
10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-1091
15374995
Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia/*immunology/*virology Female HIV Infections/complications/*immunology Humans Immunity, Mucosal/immunology Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis Interleukin-10/biosynthesis/immunology Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology Middle Aged Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/*immunology/*virology
A. G. Kobayashi, R. M., Anastos, K., Minkoff, H., Massad, L. S., Young, M., Levine, A. M., Darragh, T. M., Weinberg, V., Smith-McCune, K. K. (2004). Functional attributes of mucosal immunity in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and effects of HIV infection. Cancer Res, 64(18), 6766-74.
Journal Article
Spurious tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 production by human monocytes from blood collected in endotoxin-contaminated vacutainer blood collection tubes
Clin Chem
2004
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15502103
10.1373/clinchem.2004.040162
15502103
Blood Specimen Collection/*instrumentation *Endotoxins *Equipment Contamination Humans Interleukin-6/*biosynthesis/blood Monocytes/*metabolism Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/analysis/*biosynthesis
N. I. Aziz, M. R., Dickerson, S. S., Butch, A. W. (2004). Spurious tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 production by human monocytes from blood collected in endotoxin-contaminated vacutainer blood collection tubes. Clin Chem, 50(11), 2215-6.
Journal Article
Trichomonas vaginalis infection activates cells through toll-like receptor 4
Clin Immunol
2004
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15093558
While Trichomonas vaginalis infection can cause inflammation and influx of leukocytes into the female genital tract, the molecular pathways important in inducing these effects are not known. This study determined if infection with T. vaginalis activates cells through toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Genital tract secretions from infected women stimulated TNF-alpha production by cells with functional TLR4 (350 pg/ml) but significantly less by cells that are unresponsive to TLR4 ligands (44 pg/ml, P = 0.001). Secretions collected after clearance of infection also induced significantly lower responses by cells with functional TLR4 (136 pg/ml, P = 0.008). TNF-alpha responses were not reduced by Polymyxin B and did not correlate with beta(2)-defensin levels, indicating that stimulation of cells was not through lipopolysaccharide or beta(2)-defensin. These studies show that T. vaginalis infection results in the appearance in the genital tract of substance(s) that stimulate cells through TLR4, su
10.1016/j.clim.2003.12.008
15093558
Animals Bodily Secretions Cell Line Female Humans Leukocytes/*immunology Membrane Glycoproteins/*immunology Mice Monocytes/immunology Receptors, Cell Surface/*immunology Therapeutic Irrigation Toll-Like Receptor 4 Toll-Like Receptors Trichomonas Vaginitis/*immunology Trichomonas vaginalis/*immunology Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/biosynthesis Vagina/*metabolism beta-Defensins/*immunology
M. R. H. Zariffard, S., Novak, R. M., Graham, P. J., Ji, X., Spear, G. T. (2004). Trichomonas vaginalis infection activates cells through toll-like receptor 4. Clin Immunol, 111(1), 103-7.
Journal Article
Longitudinal effect of antiretroviral therapy on markers of hepatic toxicity: impact of hepatitis C coinfection
Clin Infect Dis
2004
1-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15307009
To characterize longitudinal hepatic toxicity of antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected women with and without hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, we measured alanine and aspartate aminotransferase values among women initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). For 312 HIV/HCV coinfected women who received HAART for a mean of 1.8 years, the prevalence of elevated aminotransferase levels >3 times and >5 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) was low (<12% and <4%, respectively), and the prevalence of elevated aminotransferase levels declined over time. When we analyzed trends in aminotransferase levels according to type of HAART received among HCV-infected and uninfected women, we found that mean aminotransferase levels declined among 539 women receiving therapy with protease inhibitors (decreases of 5.34%-4.23% of the ULN per year; P values for trend of.007-.06), but mean values among 128 women receiving therapy with nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors remained sta
10.1086/422142
15307009
Adult Alanine Transaminase/*blood Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*adverse effects Aspartate Aminotransferases/*blood Biomarkers/blood *Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury Female HIV Infections/complications/*drug therapy/enzymology HIV Protease Inhibitors/administration & dosage/adverse effects Hepatitis C/*complications/enzymology Humans Liver Diseases/diagnosis Longitudinal Studies Middle Aged Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/administration & dosage/adverse effects
A. L. B. French, L., Anastos, K., Augenbraun, M., Nowicki, M., Sathasivam, K., Terrault, N. A. (2004). Longitudinal effect of antiretroviral therapy on markers of hepatic toxicity: impact of hepatitis C coinfection. Clin Infect Dis, 39(3), 402-10.
Journal Article
Changes in hepatitis B virus DNA levels with acute HIV infection
Clin Infect Dis
2004
1-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15034837
We hypothesized that acute infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) would diminish immunoregulation of chronic hepatitis B (CHB), resulting in higher blood hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated sequential HBV DNA levels in stored serum samples obtained from 9 men with CHB who acquired HIV infection. Three patterns of changes in HBV DNA levels were noted after HIV seroconversion. One man experienced the expected increase in HBV DNA, 3 men had stable HBV DNA levels, and, unexpectedly, 5 men had a mean decrease of 6.29 log10 copies/mL in the HBV DNA level, with hepatitis B e antigen no longer detectable in 4. Acute HIV infection is not consistently associated with an increased blood HBV DNA level. Additional research is needed to understand the mechanism for the unexpected reductions in HBV DNA levels associated with acute HIV infection.
10.1086/382534
15034837
Acute Disease DNA, Viral/analysis HIV Infections/*complications/drug therapy HIV Seropositivity Hepatitis B e Antigens/*analysis Hepatitis B virus/*physiology Hepatitis B, Chronic/complications/*virology Humans Male Viral Load
C. L. N. Thio, D. M., Myung, J., Seaberg, E. C., Thomas, D. L. (2004). Changes in hepatitis B virus DNA levels with acute HIV infection. Clin Infect Dis, 38(7), 1024-9.
Journal Article
Anthropometrics and examiner-reported body habitus abnormalities in the multicenter AIDS cohort study
Clin Infect Dis
2004
15-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14999638
We undertook anthropometric assessments of 530 HIV-seropositive and 314 HIV-seronegative men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study at a regular visit that occurred between 1 April and 30 September 1999. We found anthropomorphic differences that were independent of age: the 384 seropositive men receiving HAART had diminished body size and higher frequency and severity of body habitus abnormalities, particularly lipoatrophy, compared with the 314 seronegative men.
10.1086/381684
14999638
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*complications Anthropometry/methods Anti-HIV Agents/adverse effects Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*adverse effects Body Constitution Cohort Studies Cross-Sectional Studies HIV Seropositivity Humans Lipodystrophy/*etiology Male Middle Aged
F. J. Palella, Jr., Cole, S. R., Chmiel, J. S., Riddler, S. A., Visscher, B., Dobs, A., Williams, C. (2004). Anthropometrics and examiner-reported body habitus abnormalities in the multicenter AIDS cohort study. Clin Infect Dis, 38(6), 903-7.
Journal Article
Association between renal disease and outcomes among HIV-infected women receiving or not receiving antiretroviral therapy
Clin Infect Dis
2004
15-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15486845
BACKGROUND: The associations of proteinuria and an elevated creatinine level with progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and death in the era of highly antiretroviral therapy (HAART) have not been fully described. METHODS: This analysis includes 2038 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women from the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Time to the development of a new AIDS-defining illness (ADI) and death was modeled using proportional hazards regression before the widespread availability of HAART and after initiation of HAART. RESULTS: Of the 2038 subjects, the 14.1% of women with proteinuria had lower CD4 lymphocyte counts and higher viral loads (P<.0001 for all) at baseline and before initiation of HAART. Before the widespread availability of HAART, proteinuria was associated with an increased risk for development of ADI (hazard ratio [HR], 1.37; P=.005), and proteinuria and an elevated creatinine level were both associated with an increased risk of death (for p
10.1086/424013
15486845
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Creatinine/blood Female HIV Infections/*complications/*drug therapy/mortality Humans Kidney Diseases/*complications/*etiology Middle Aged Proportional Hazards Models Proteinuria Time Factors Treatment Outcome
L. A. H. Szczech, D. R., Feldman, J. G., Cohen, M. H., Gange, S. J., Gooze, L., Rubin, N. R., Young, M. A., Cai, X., Shi, Q., Gao, W., Anastos, K. (2004). Association between renal disease and outcomes among HIV-infected women receiving or not receiving antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis, 39(8), 1199-206.
Journal Article
Prevalence of clinical symptoms associated with highly active antiretroviral therapy in the Women's Interagency HIV Study
Clin Infect Dis
2004
1-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15356788
BACKGROUND: The extended use of antiretroviral drugs among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive individuals underscores the need for a comprehensive evaluation of therapy-associated clinical symptoms. METHODS: Beginning in April 2000, 364 HIV-seronegative and 1256 HIV-seropositive women enrolled in a multicenter cohort study reported clinical symptoms that included abdominal pain, diarrhea, anorexia, nausea and/or vomiting, myalgias, fatigue, fever, body fat redistribution, dizziness, headaches, paresthesias, xerostomia, nephrolithiasis, and rash. We examined the prevalence of symptoms with respect to HIV infection and the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), using data-correlation models. RESULTS: In the 6 months before a study visit, 49% of HIV-seronegative women, 67% of HIV-seropositive women not receiving therapy, and 69% of HIV-seropositive women receiving HAART reported any clinical symptom. The odds ratios (ORs) for reporting any symptom were 1.4 (95%
10.1086/423181
15356788
PMC3118991
Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*adverse effects CD4 Lymphocyte Count/methods Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy HIV Seronegativity HIV Seropositivity Humans Prevalence Prospective Studies Surveys and Questionnaires United States Viral Load/methods
M. J. G. Silverberg, M. E., French, A. L., Gandhi, M., Glesby, M. J., Kovacs, A., Wilson, T. E., Young, M. A., Gange, S. J. (2004). Prevalence of clinical symptoms associated with highly active antiretroviral therapy in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Clin Infect Dis, 39(5), 717-24. PMC3118991
Journal Article
Association between syphilis, antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 2, and recreational drug use and hepatitis B virus infection in the Women's Interagency HIV Study
Clin Infect Dis
2004
1-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15494914
BACKGROUND: Liver disease is a leading cause of death in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women; however, risk factors for hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection in this population have not been well studied. METHODS: We describe the seroprevalence and predictors of HBV infection in a cross-sectional analysis of 2132 women with and at risk for HIV infection enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study during the periods 1994-95 and 2001-02. Any test result positive for antibody to hepatitis B core antigen defined infection; those women with serological evidence of vaccine immunity were excluded from analysis. Women were stratified into those with a history of injection drug use (IDU), those with a history of noninjection drug use (non-IDU), and those with no history of illicit drug use. RESULTS: Of 1606 HIV-infected and 526 HIV-uninfected women, 7% and 12%, respectively, appeared to be vaccine immune. After exclusion of these women, 43% of 1500 HIV-infected and 22% of 461 HIV-un
10.1086/424879
15494914
PMC3118996
Adult Antibodies, Viral/blood Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/*epidemiology Hepatitis B/*epidemiology Herpesvirus 2, Human/*immunology Humans Multivariate Analysis Risk Factors Seroepidemiologic Studies Substance Abuse, Intravenous/*epidemiology Syphilis/*epidemiology
P. C. K. Tien, A., Bacchetti, P., French, A. L., Augenbraun, M., Cole, S. R., Hessol, N., Justman, J., Women's Interagency, H. I. V. Study (2004). Association between syphilis, antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 2, and recreational drug use and hepatitis B virus infection in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Clin Infect Dis, 39(9), 1363-70. PMC3118996
Journal Article
CCR2 genotype and disease progression in a treated population of HIV type 1-infected women
Clin Infect Dis
2004
15-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15472820
Both antiretroviral therapy and the human coreceptor polymorphism CCR2-V64I slow progression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) disease. To examine the effect of V64I on disease progression in patients receiving therapy, we determined CCR2 genotypes in the Women's Interagency HIV Study cohort. We studied 2047 HIV-1-infected women, most of whom initiated treatment during the study. No association was seen between CCR2 genotype and either disease progression or therapeutic response, suggesting that the benefits of treatment most likely overshadow the salutary effects of the V64I polymorphism.
10.1086/423386
15472820
PMC3164116
Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Disease Progression Female Genotype HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*genetics/mortality Hiv-1 Humans Polymorphism, Genetic Receptors, CCR2 Receptors, Chemokine/*genetics Survival Analysis
S. B. Philpott, H., Tarwater, P. M., Lu, M., Gange, S. J., Anastos, K., Cohen, M., Greenblatt, R. M., Kovacs, A., Minkoff, H., Young, M., Miotti, P., Dupuis, M., Weiser, B. (2004). CCR2 genotype and disease progression in a treated population of HIV type 1-infected women. Clin Infect Dis, 39(6), 861-5. PMC3164116
Journal Article
The effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on dermatologic disease in a longitudinal study of HIV type 1-infected women
Clin Infect Dis
2004
15-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14765353
The effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on skin diseases was evaluated in 878 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study, a multicenter prospective study. HIV-1-infected women receiving HAART were less likely to have eczema, folliculitis, tinea pedis, and xerosis than were women who had not initiated HAART, independent of CD4+ cell count. Participants who had a prior history of a nadir CD4+ cell count of <200 cells/microL and recent CD4+ cell counts of 200-349 cells/microL were more likely to have eczema and xerosis than were women with a nadir CD4+ cell count of >200 cells/microL and recent CD4+ cell counts of >349 cells/microL. An HIV-1 RNA load of >100,000 copies/mL was associated with increased prevalence of herpes zoster infection (odds ratio, 6.10; 95% confidence interval, 2.00-18.65). History of injection drug use was associated with a higher prevalence of onychomycosis, tinea pedis, and xerosis. Molluscum c
10.1086/381264
14765353
Adolescent Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active CD4 Lymphocyte Count Dermatomycoses/complications/*epidemiology/immunology/microbiology Eczema/epidemiology Female HIV Infections/complications/*drug therapy/immunology Humans Longitudinal Studies Middle Aged Onychomycosis/epidemiology Prevalence Prospective Studies Tinea Pedis/epidemiology Women's Health
T. R. Maurer, L. K., Ameli, N., Phanuphak, N., Gange, S. J., DeHovitz, J., French, A. L., Glesby, M., Jordan, C., Khalsa, A., Hessol, N. A. (2004). The effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on dermatologic disease in a longitudinal study of HIV type 1-infected women. Clin Infect Dis, 38(4), 579-84.
Journal Article
Normative data for determining significance of test-retest differences on eight common neuropsychological instruments
Clin Neuropsychol
2004
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15739809
Clinicians and researchers who use neuropsychological tests to track functioning over time are in need of a method to correct for the effects of practice. Drawing from a large database of healthy, male subjects, we present data that can be used to calculate predicted retest scores for eight widely used neuropsychological instruments either via simple regression or reliable change index (RCI) methods. These methods are useful for individuals assessed across a wide time interval, 4-24 months. Limitations are discussed regarding the applicability of the data. Those with a need to factor out the effects of practice, test-retest reliability and other statistical confounds will find the information within this article useful.
10.1080/1385404049052420
15739809
Adult Cohort Studies *Data Interpretation, Statistical Demography Follow-Up Studies Humans Male Mental Processes/*physiology Middle Aged Multicenter Studies as Topic Neuropsychological Tests/*statistics & numerical data Predictive Value of Tests Psychometrics Regression Analysis Reproducibility of Results Time Factors Wechsler Scales
A. J. M. Levine, E. N., Becker, J. T., Selnes, O. A., Cohen, B. A. (2004). Normative data for determining significance of test-retest differences on eight common neuropsychological instruments. Clin Neuropsychol, 18(3), 373-84.
Journal Article
Baseline characteristics of participants in the oral health component of the Women's Interagency HIV Study
Community Dent Oral Epidemiol
2004
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15061857
OBJECTIVES: This study described baseline sociodemographic and oral health characteristics of a subset of HIV sero-positive and sero-negative women who participated in the oral health component of the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). METHODS: In 1995-96, 584 HIV sero-positive and 151 sero-negative women from five WIHS core sites were enrolled in the oral study. Data on oral mucosa, salivary glands, dentition and periodontium, along with demographics, socioeconomics, and behavioral characteristics, were used to characterize this population. RESULTS: Mean (SD) age was 37 (8) years for HIV sero-positive and 36 (8) years for sero-negative women; 27% of sero-positive women had CD4 counts < or =200 and 34% had viral loads >50,000 copies/ml. Sero-positive and sero-negative women were similar demographically, as well as on plaque index, gingival bleeding, linear gingival banding, and numbers of DMF teeth and surfaces, but sero-positive women had more abnormal gingival papilla (P = 0.004)
10.1111/j.0301-5661.2004.00128.x
15061857
Adolescent Adult Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use CD4 Lymphocyte Count Dental Caries/*complications Educational Status Ethnic Groups Female HIV Seronegativity HIV Seropositivity/*complications Humans Income Middle Aged *Oral Health Periodontal Diseases/*complications Social Class Viral Load *Women's Health
R. P. Mulligan, J. A., Brunelle, J., Redford, M., Pogoda, J. M., Nelson, E., Seirawan, H., Greenspan, J. S., Navazesh, M., Greenspan, D., Alves, M. E. (2004). Baseline characteristics of participants in the oral health component of the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 32(2), 86-98.
Journal Article
Adjusted survival curves with inverse probability weights
Comput Methods Programs Biomed
2004
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15158046
Kaplan-Meier survival curves and the associated nonparametric log rank test statistic are methods of choice for unadjusted survival analyses, while the semiparametric Cox proportional hazards regression model is used ubiquitously as a method for covariate adjustment. The Cox model extends naturally to include covariates, but there is no generally accepted method to graphically depict adjusted survival curves. The authors describe a method and provide a simple worked example using inverse probability weights (IPW) to create adjusted survival curves. When the weights are non-parametrically estimated, this method is equivalent to direct standardization of the survival curves to the combined study population.
10.1016/j.cmpb.2003.10.004
15158046
Humans *Probability *Proportional Hazards Models *Survival Analysis United States
S. R. H. Cole, M. A. (2004). Adjusted survival curves with inverse probability weights. Comput Methods Programs Biomed, 75(1), 45-9.
Journal Article
Virologic and immunologic response to highly active antiretroviral therapy
Curr HIV/AIDS Rep
2004
Jun-04
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16091226
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) delays clinical progression by suppressing viral replication, measured by a substantial reduction in HIV RNA, allowing the immune system to reconstitute, measured in most studies by an increase in CD4 cells. These virologic and immunologic consequences do not occur uniformly among HAART users. Markers of HIV disease stage at the time of HAART initiation are critical determinants of the progression while receiving HAART. In this report, we review studies describing the heterogeneous virologic and immunologic progression after the initiation of HAART, discuss methodologic concerns in the study of the response of biomarkers, and update findings obtained in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, which show that CD4 cell count, history of antiretroviral therapy, and age at the time of initiation are independent determinants of response
10.1007/s11904-004-0011-1
16091226
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome age AIDS antiretroviral therapy Antiretroviral Therapy,Highly Active Baltimore Biomarkers blood CD4 CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cell Count cells clinical cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Disease drug therapy epidemiology genetics HAART health history Hiv Humans immune Immune System immunology Male marker markers multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Multicenter Studies as Topic progression Public Health research response review Rna Rna,Viral study support therapies therapy Time
L. P. P. Jacobson, J.P., Yamashita, T.E. (2004). Virologic and immunologic response to highly active antiretroviral therapy. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep, 1(2), 74-81.
Journal Article
Update on the Virologic and Immunologic Response to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy
Curr Infect Dis Rep
2004
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15265462
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) delays clinical progression by suppressing viral replication, measured by a substantial reduction in HIV RNA, allowing the immune system to reconstitute, measured in most studies by an increase in CD4 cells. These virologic and immunologic consequences do not occur uniformly among HAART users. Markers of HIV disease stage at the time of HAART initiation are critical determinants of the progression while receiving HAART. In this report, we review studies describing the heterogeneous virologic and immunologic progression after the initiation of HAART, discuss methodologic concerns in the study of the response of biomarkers, and update findings obtained in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, which show that CD4 cell count, history of antiretroviral therapy, and age at the time of initiation are independent determinants of response.
10.1007/s11908-004-0055-9
15265462
age AIDS antiretroviral therapy Baltimore category: treatment response CD4 Cell Count cells clinical cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Disease epidemiology HAART health history Hiv immune Immune System marker markers multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study progression Public Health response review Rna study therapies therapy
L. P. P. Jacobson, J. P., Yamashita, T. E. (2004). Update on the Virologic and Immunologic Response to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy. Curr Infect Dis Rep, 6(4), 325-332.
Journal Article
What is HIV-associated lipodystrophy? Defining fat distribution changes in HIV infection
Curr Opin Infect Dis
2004
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15090886
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The prevalence of lipodystrophy in HIV infection reported in the early literature has varied widely due in part to the different methods used in assessing and defining lipodystrophy in studies. There remains a lack of clarity regarding whether the peripheral lipoatrophy and central lipohypertrophy initially described in HIV infection are a result of separate mechanisms or a single mechanism. We review the current methods used to assess and define lipodystrophy in HIV infection; the prevalence and incidence of lipodystrophy reported in the recent HIV literature; and future directions in elucidating the morphologic changes associated with HIV infection. RECENT FINDINGS: Different methods of assessing and defining lipodystrophy continue to lead to varying prevalence and incidence rates in recent large cross-sectional and prospective studies. Recent studies that include a predominantly HIV-uninfected comparison group and utilize bi-directional surveys to describe fat los
10.1097/00001432-200402000-00005
15090886
Cross-Sectional Studies *HIV Infections Humans Incidence Lipodystrophy/epidemiology/etiology/*physiopathology Longitudinal Studies Prevalence
P. C. G. Tien, C. (2004). What is HIV-associated lipodystrophy? Defining fat distribution changes in HIV infection. Curr Opin Infect Dis, 17(1), 27-32.
Journal Article
Methods for the analysis of continuous biomarker assay data with increased sensitivity
Epidemiology
2004
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15475722
Prospective studies must be able to adapt to improved technology and adopt new assays with increased limits of detection. Our objective is to describe methods for incorporating new technologies in which the lower limits of quantification of a biomarker are enhanced. One may conduct an analysis of data with new and old sensitivity levels using a variety of methods, including retesting a sample of stored specimens from which multiple imputation may be applied, and a parametric approach that accounts for the changing limit of detection. We compare these methods in terms of their statistical bias and efficiency and identify the conditions under which the various methods perform well and then demonstrate our methods by evaluating differences in HIV RNA levels obtained from 2 prospective cohort studies.
10.1097/01.ede.0000142154.86749.e4
15475722
Algorithms Biomarkers/*analysis Cohort Studies Female HIV/genetics HIV Infections/diagnosis/virology Humans Male Prospective Studies RNA, Viral/blood/isolation & purification Reagent Kits, Diagnostic/standards Reference Standards Reproducibility of Results Sensitivity and Specificity Sex Factors
B. G. Lau, S. J. (2004). Methods for the analysis of continuous biomarker assay data with increased sensitivity. Epidemiology, 15(6), 724-32.
Journal Article
MICA and recovery from hepatitis C virus and hepatitis B virus infections
Genes Immun
2004
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15029237
The polymorphic MHC class I chain-related A (MICA) gene encodes a ligand that has different binding affinities for the NKG2D activating receptor of CD8+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. We hypothesized that MICA heterogeneity would affect recovery from hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections. To test the hypothesis, we initially typed known MICA polymorphisms for 228 persons who cleared HCV infection and 442 persons with persistent hepatitis C matched on other factors affecting viral persistence. Although MICA(*)015 was detected more than two-fold more often in persons with viral clearance (odds ratio 0.36, 95% confidence interval=0.19, 0.80), it occurred in fewer than 5% of the study population. In a similar analysis of 442 persons with chronic hepatitis B and 768 matched controls who recovered, MICA(*)015 was detected in 2.0% of persons with chronic hepatitis B and only 0.9% of controls. No significant associations were detected with other MICA polymorphi
10.1038/sj.gene.6364065
15029237
Hepacivirus/immunology/metabolism Hepatitis B/immunology/*metabolism Hepatitis B virus/immunology/metabolism Hepatitis C/immunology/*metabolism Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/immunology/*metabolism Humans NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K Polymorphism, Genetic Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism Receptors, Natural Killer Cell
P. S. G. Karacki, X., Thio, C. L., Thomas, D. L., Goedert, J. J., Vlahov, D., Kaslow, R. A., Strathdee, S., Hilgartner, M. W., O'Brien, S. J., Carrington, M. (2004). MICA and recovery from hepatitis C virus and hepatitis B virus infections. Genes Immun, 5(4), 261-6.
Journal Article
Influence of random genetic drift on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 env evolution during chronic infection
Genetics
2004
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15082537
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has high replication and mutation rates that generate large census populations and high levels of genetic variation. We examined the roles of natural selection, population growth, random genetic drift, and recombination in shaping the variation in 1509 C2-V5 env sequences derived from nine men with chronic HIV-1 infection. These sequences were obtained from clinical visits that reflect the first 6-13.7 years of infection. Pairwise comparisons of nonsynonymous and synonymous distances, Tajima's D test, Fu and Li's D* test, and a test of recurrent mutation revealed evidence for episodes of nonneutral evolution in a total of 22 out of 145 blood samples, representing six of the nine individuals. Using three coalescent-based maximum-likelihood estimators, we found viral effective population sizes in all nine individuals to be approximately 10(3). We also show that a previous estimate of the effective population size of approximately 10(5) based on
10.1534/genetics.166.3.1155
15082537
PMC1470792
Base Sequence Chronic Disease *Evolution, Molecular Gene Products, env/*genetics *Genetic Drift Genetic Variation HIV Infections/*blood/genetics *hiv-1 Haplotypes Humans Likelihood Functions Male Mutation Phylogeny Recombination, Genetic Selection, Genetic Time Factors Viral Load
D. S. Shriner, R., Jensen, M. A., Nickle, D. C., Mittler, J. E., Margolick, J. B., Mullins, J. I. (2004). Influence of random genetic drift on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 env evolution during chronic infection. Genetics, 166(3), 1155-64. PMC1470792
Journal Article
Dominant effects of CCR2-CCR5 haplotypes in HIV-1 disease progression
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2004
1-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15602133
Three haplotypes for the CCR2-CCR5 region previously have been shown to affect AIDS progression; however, it is not known if the protective and accelerating effects of the haplotypes are relatively constant throughout infection or exert their effects early or late in HIV type 1 infection. The authors report the relative contributions to AIDS progression of CCR2 64I, CCR5 Delta32, and the CCR5 promoter haplotype +.P1.+ in the GRIV cohort, which included patients representing the extremes of the distribution for AIDS progression: rapid progressors (RP) who developed CD4 T-cell counts of <300/ mm within 3 years after the last HIV-1-seronegative test and slow progressors (SP) who were HIV-1 infected for > or =8 years with CD4 T-cell counts of >500/mm. Comparing the RP with a seroconverter control group including intermediate progressors to AIDS, we observed the early protective effect of CCR5 Delta32 (odds ratio = 0.25; P = 0.007) was similar in strength to the early susceptible effect of
10.1097/01.qai.0000127353.01578.63
15602133
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*genetics Cohort Studies Disease Progression European Continental Ancestry Group Follow-Up Studies HIV Infections/*genetics *hiv-1 Haplotypes/*physiology Humans Receptors, CCR2 Receptors, CCR5/*genetics Receptors, Chemokine/*genetics
C. A. H. Winkler, H., Carrington, M., Smith, M. W., Nelson, G. W., O'Brien S, J., Phair, J., Vlahov, D., Jacobson, L. P., Rappaport, J., Vasilescu, A., Bertin-Maghit, S., An, P., Lu, W., Andrieu, J. M., Schachter, F., Therwath, A., Zagury, J. F. (2004). Dominant effects of CCR2-CCR5 haplotypes in HIV-1 disease progression. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 37(4), 1534-8.
Journal Article
Lack of associations between HLA class II alleles and resistance to HIV-1 infection among white, non-Hispanic homosexual men
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2004
10/1/2004
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15385740
HLA class II alleles were molecularly typed for 100 high-risk seronegative men and 184 low-risk seroconverters from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Seven resistant individuals homozygous for CCR5 Delta32 deletions were excluded from analysis. In the univariate analysis, no significant HLA class II associations with resistance/susceptibility to HIV type 1 infection were identified. However, the transporter associated with antigen presentation 2 (TAP2) Ala 665 variant associated with resistance in earlier analyses in the MACS was in linkage disequilibrium with some HLA class II alleles. After adjusting for the established associations with HLA-A*0205 subgroup and TAP2 Ala 665 variant, no HLA class II alleles were independently associated with resistance/susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. Other genetic factors in the HLA class II-TAP region of the major histocompatibility complex might be involved
10.1097/01.qai.0000127026.47429.5c
15385740
AIDS Alleles analysis Antigen Presentation Baltimore cancer category: genetics Chicago cohort Cohort Studies cohort study health high-risk histocompatibility Hiv Hiv-1 HIV-1 infection HLA homosexual homosexual men infection Linkage Disequilibrium Los Angeles MACS Major Histocompatibility Complex multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Pittsburgh Public Health research resistance seronegative study
C. C. Liu, M., Kaslow, R.A., Gao, X., Rinaldo, C.R., Jacobson, L.P., Margolick, J.B., Phair, J., O'Brien, S.J., Detels, R. (2004). Lack of associations between HLA class II alleles and resistance to HIV-1 infection among white, non-Hispanic homosexual men. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 37(2), 1313-1317.
Journal Article
Impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy on anemia and relationship between anemia and survival in a large cohort of HIV-infected women: Women's Interagency HIV Study
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2004
1-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15385731
BACKGROUND: Anemia is common in HIV-infected individuals and may be associated with decreased survival. OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on anemia and the relationship between anemia and overall survival in HIV-infected women. METHODS: A prospective multicenter study of HIV-1 infection in women. Visits occurred every 6 months, including a standardized history, physical examination, and comprehensive laboratory evaluation. The setting was a university-affiliated clinic at 6 sites in the United States. Participants were 2056 HIV-infected women from the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). The outcome measure was anemia, defined as hemoglobin (Hb) <12 g/dL. Survival analysis was based on overall mortality during the follow-up period. RESULTS: Among HIV-infected women who were not anemic at baseline, 47% became anemic by 3.5 years of follow-up. On multivariate analysis, the use of HAART was associated with resolution of anemia even when us
10.1097/01.qai.0000134759.01684.27
15385731
Adolescent Adult Aged Anemia/*complications/epidemiology/immunology/mortality Anti-HIV Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Female HIV Infections/immunology/*mortality/virology HIV-1/drug effects/genetics/*immunology Humans Middle Aged Multicenter Studies as Topic RNA, Viral/analysis/*blood/genetics Survival Rate
K. K. Berhane, R., Cohen, M. H., Masri-Lavine, L., Young, M., Anastos, K., Augenbraun, M., Watts, D. H., Levine, A. M. (2004). Impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy on anemia and relationship between anemia and survival in a large cohort of HIV-infected women: Women's Interagency HIV Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 37(2), 1245-52.
Journal Article
Total lymphocyte count, hemoglobin, and delayed-type hypersensitivity as predictors of death and AIDS illness in HIV-1-infected women receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2004
1-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15097155
BACKGROUND: Total lymphocyte count (TLC) and hemoglobin level have been suggested as useful and inexpensive parameters to indicate need for HAART in settings in which CD4 cell counts are unavailable. If delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response predicts clinical response in persons using highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), it may also prove useful in resource-poor settings. OBJECTIVE: To examine whether TLC, hemoglobin, and DTH response observed prior to initiation of HAART predict post-HAART clinical response. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. PARTICIPANTS: 873 women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. MEASUREMENTS: TLC, hemoglobin, CD4 cell counts, and DTH testing using mumps, candida, and tetanus toxoid antigens, performed within 1 year prior to HAART initiation; death; self-report of initiation of HAART use and AIDS-defining illness (ADI). RESULTS: Three different multivariate analyses were performed: 2 models that excluded CD4 cell count and assessed TLC at either <
10.1097/00126334-200404010-00008
15097155
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/physiopathology Adult *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Cohort Studies Disease Progression Drug Administration Schedule Female HIV Infections/drug therapy/immunology/mortality/*physiopathology *Hemoglobins Humans *Hypersensitivity, Delayed *Lymphocyte Count Middle Aged Prospective Studies Risk Factors
K. S. Anastos, Q., French, A. L., Levine, A., Greenblatt, R. M., Williams, C., DeHovitz, J., Delapenha, R., Hoover, D. R. (2004). Total lymphocyte count, hemoglobin, and delayed-type hypersensitivity as predictors of death and AIDS illness in HIV-1-infected women receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 35(4), 383-92.
Journal Article
Herpes zoster in women with and at risk for HIV: data from the Women's Interagency HIV Study
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2004
15-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15577417
BACKGROUND: Herpes zoster occurs at all CD4 cell counts in HIV-infected adults. It was hypothesized that even in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), zoster risk is higher in HIV-infected than uninfected women. METHODS: Generalized estimating equations modeled self-reported occurrence of zoster between semiannual visits among 1832 HIV-infected and 489 HIV-uninfected women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study followed for up to 7.5 years. RESULTS: A total of 337 (18.4%) HIV-infected and 7 (1.4%) HIV-uninfected women reported zoster at some time during follow-up. Using HIV-infected women with CD4 >750 cells/microL as the reference category, the odds ratios for reporting zoster since the prior visit were: 1.43 (95% CI 0.86-2.37) for CD4 500-749 cells/microL, 2.07 (95% CI 1.27-3.38) for CD4 350-499 cells/microL, 2.72 (95% CI 1.66-4.46) for CD4 200-349 cells/microL, and 3.16 (95% CI 1.92-5.18) for CD4 <200 cells/microL, compared with 0.11 (95% CI 0.046-0.26) for HIV-unin
10.1097/00126334-200412150-00013
15577417
Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/*complications/drug therapy/immunology HIV-1/genetics/physiology Herpes Zoster/*epidemiology Humans Incidence Middle Aged Prospective Studies RNA, Viral/blood Risk Factors
M. J. H. Glesby, D. R., Tan, T., Shi, Q., Gao, W., French, A. L., Maurer, T., Young, M., Dehovitz, J., Ru, J., Anastos, K. (2004). Herpes zoster in women with and at risk for HIV: data from the Women's Interagency HIV Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 37(5), 1604-9.
Journal Article
Cancer risk among participants in the women's interagency HIV study
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2004
1-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15220706
BACKGROUND: The HIV epidemic has been associated with an increased incidence of specific cancers. However, less is known about cancers occurring in HIV-infected women than men. METHODS: To determine the risk of cancer among HIV-infected and at-risk HIV-uninfected women, cancer incidence data from the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) were compared with data from the population-based United States Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry. Age- and race-adjusted standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were computed and exact statistical tests were used to measure significance. RESULTS: Among the 1950 women participants (1554 HIV infected, 391 HIV uninfected, and 5 HIV seroconverters), 48 cancers were diagnosed during study follow-up. Among HIV-infected women, significantly (P < 0.05) increased incidence rates were observed for all cancer types (SIR = 1.9), Kaposi sarcoma (SIR = 213.5), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) (SIR = 19.0), and lung cancer (SIR = 6.3) when compared w
10.1097/00126334-200408010-00013
15220706
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Drug Therapy, Combination Female HIV Infections/*complications/drug therapy Humans Incidence Lung Neoplasms/epidemiology/etiology Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/epidemiology/etiology Middle Aged Neoplasms/*epidemiology/*etiology Population Surveillance Risk Factors Sarcoma, Kaposi/epidemiology/etiology Surveys and Questionnaires United States/epidemiology
N. A. S. Hessol, E. C., Preston-Martin, S., Massad, L. S., Sacks, H. S., Silver, S., Melnick, S., Abulafia, O., Levine, A. M., Wihs Collaborative Study Group (2004). Cancer risk among participants in the women's interagency HIV study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 36(4), 978-85.
Journal Article
Evaluation of DNA adduction of AZT in peripheral blood leukocytes of HIV-infected individuals by (32)P-post-labeling thin-layer chromatography: a feasibility study
J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci
2004
15-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15358301
3'-Azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT, Zidovudine) has been effectively used for HIV infection treatment. It inhibits virus reproduction through viral reverse transcriptase inhibition. However, the side effects of this anti-retroviral drug might be cumulative, particularly in its effects on the patients' DNA. As a nucleoside analogue, AZT might incorporate into hosts' DNA, and then form DNA adducts. This may result in potential long-term risks of mutagenesis in AIDS patients who received therapy. In this feasibility study, a (32)P-post-labeling thin-layer chromatography (TLC) assay is successfully used to measure AZT-DNA analogue and adducts formed in peripheral blood leukocytes of AZT treated patients. There are DNA analogue/adducts measured in all four AZT treated patients' DNA specimens. This assay is reliable with the significant coefficient of correlation in both intra-assay (r = 0.8761, P = 0.0001) and inter-assay (r = 0.8761, P = 0.0001).
10.1016/j.jchromb.2004.06.039
15358301
Animals Autoradiography Cattle Chromatography, Thin Layer DNA Adducts/analysis/*drug effects DNA Fingerprinting DNA Repair/drug effects Densitometry Feasibility Studies HIV Infections/*metabolism Humans Isotope Labeling Lasers Leukocytes/drug effects/*metabolism Phosphorus Radioisotopes Zidovudine/*pharmacology
J. M. A. Huang, K., Robison, E., Shi, R., Freeman, K., Strickler, H., Steinberg, J. J. (2004). Evaluation of DNA adduction of AZT in peripheral blood leukocytes of HIV-infected individuals by (32)P-post-labeling thin-layer chromatography: a feasibility study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci, 810(1), 6-Jan.
Journal Article
Incidence of oral lesions in HIV-1-infected women: reduction with HAART
J Dent Res
2004
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14742653
Few studies assess the effectiveness of HAART on reducing the incidence and recurrence of oral lesions. We investigated such changes among 503 HIV+ women over six years in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. The incidence of erythematous candidiasis (EC), pseudomembranous candidiasis (PC), hairy leukoplakia (HL), and warts was computed over follow-up visits after HAART initiation compared with before HAART initiation. Analysis of our data demonstrates a strong decrease in candidiasis after HAART initiation. The incidence of EC fell to 2.99% from 5.48% (RR 0.545); PC fell to 2.85% from 6.70% (RR 0.425); and EC or PC fell to 3.43% from 7.35% (RR 0.466). No changes were seen in HL or warts. Higher HIV-RNA was associated with greater incidence of candidiasis and HL, but not warts. Analysis of these data indicates that recurrence and incidence of candidiasis are reduced by HAART, and that recurrence is reduced independently of CD4 and HIV-RNA.
10.1177/154405910408300212
14742653
Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active CD4 Lymphocyte Count Candidiasis, Oral/prevention & control Cohort Studies Female Follow-Up Studies HIV Infections/*drug therapy HIV Protease Inhibitors/therapeutic use HIV Seropositivity/drug therapy *HIV-1/genetics Humans Leukoplakia, Hairy/prevention & control Mouth Diseases/*prevention & control Odds Ratio Prospective Studies RNA, Viral/analysis Recurrence Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/therapeutic use Warts/prevention & control
D. G. Greenspan, S. J., Phelan, J. A., Navazesh, M., Alves, M. E., MacPhail, L. A., Mulligan, R., Greenspan, J. S. (2004). Incidence of oral lesions in HIV-1-infected women: reduction with HAART. J Dent Res, 83(2), 145-50.
Journal Article
Dental caries in HIV-seropositive women
J Dent Res
2004
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15505238
Reports that compare dental caries indices in HIV-seropositive (HIV+) subjects with HIV-seronegative (HIV-) subjects are rare. The objective of this study was to determine if there was an association between HIV infection and dental caries among women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Subjects included 538 HIV+ and 141 HIV- women at baseline and 242 HIV+ and 66 HIV- women at year 5. Caries indices included DMFS and DFS (coronal caries) and DFSrc (root caries). Cross-sectional analysis of coronal caries data revealed a 1.2-fold-higher caries prevalence among HIV+ women compared with HIV- women. Longitudinally, DMFS increased with increasing age and lower average stimulated salivary volume. Root caries results were not significant except for an overall increased DFSrc associated with smoking. Anti-retroviral therapy was not identified as a risk factor for dental caries.
10.1177/154405910408301109
15505238
Adolescent Adult Analysis of Variance Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use Chicago/epidemiology Cross-Sectional Studies DMF Index Dental Caries/*complications/epidemiology Female HIV Seropositivity/*complications/drug therapy/epidemiology Humans Linear Models Longitudinal Studies Los Angeles/epidemiology Middle Aged New York City/epidemiology Prevalence Probability Saliva/metabolism San Francisco/epidemiology
J. A. M. Phelan, R., Nelson, E., Brunelle, J., Alves, M. E., Navazesh, M., Greenspan, D. (2004). Dental caries in HIV-seropositive women. J Dent Res, 83(11), 869-73.
Journal Article
Prevalence of human herpesvirus-8 salivary shedding in HIV increases with CD4 count
J Dent Res
2004
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15271974
Human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) is the etiologic agent of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), which occurs in epidemic form in human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-infected individuals. Saliva is the only mucosal fluid in which infectious HHV-8 has been identified, although factors associated with HHV-8 salivary shedding remain unclear. Our study performed PCR analysis for HHV-8 DNA in saliva (and other body fluids) in 66 HIV- and HHV-8-co-infected women without KS so that we could examine predictors for HHV-8 DNA detection. CD4 count was the most significant predictor of HHV-8 salivary shedding, with increased prevalence of HHV-8 salivary DNA at higher CD4 counts. The odds of salivary HHV8 shedding at CD4 counts > = 350 cells/microL was 63 times the odds of shedding at CD4 < 350 (95%CI, 1.3-3078), with an increase in effect size when the analysis was restricted to those with a CD4 nadir > 200. Analysis of these data suggests an increased potential for HHV-8 transmission early in HIV infection, with impli
10.1177/154405910408300811
15271974
Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Body Fluids/virology *CD4 Lymphocyte Count DNA, Viral/analysis Disease Progression Female HIV Infections/complications/drug therapy/*immunology/*virology Herpesviridae Infections/complications/*immunology/prevention & control/*virology Herpesvirus 8, Human/*isolation & purification Humans Predictive Value of Tests Saliva/*virology Sarcoma, Kaposi/virology Severity of Illness Index Virus Shedding
M. K. Gandhi, D. M., Ameli, N., Bacchetti, P., Greenspan, J. S., Navazesh, M., Anastos, K., Greenblatt, R. M. (2004). Prevalence of human herpesvirus-8 salivary shedding in HIV increases with CD4 count. J Dent Res, 83(8), 639-43.
Journal Article
Genetic manipulation of telomerase in HIV-specific CD8+ T cells: enhanced antiviral functions accompany the increased proliferative potential and telomere length stabilization
J Immunol
2004
15-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15528369
A large proportion of the CD8(+) T cell pool in persons chronically infected with HIV consists of cells that show features of replicative senescence, an end stage characterized by irreversible cell cycle arrest, multiple genetic and functional changes, and shortened telomeres. The objective of our research was to determine whether constitutive expression of the gene for the human telomerase (hTERT) can prevent senescence-induced impairments in human virus-specific CD8(+) T cells, particularly in the context of HIV-1 disease. Our results indicate that hTERT-expressing HIV-specific CD8(+) lymphocytes show both an enhanced and sustained capacity to inhibit HIV-1 replication in in vitro coculture experiments, as well as prolonged ability to produce IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha in response to stimulation with HIV-1-derived peptides, as compared with vector-transduced controls. Loss of CD28 expression, the signature change of replicative senescence in cell culture, was retarded in those CD8(+) T
10.4049/jimmunol.173.10.6303
15528369
Adjuvants, Immunologic/biosynthesis/genetics/metabolism/*physiology Antiviral Agents/biosynthesis/genetics/metabolism/*physiology CD28 Antigens/biosynthesis/physiology CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology/*enzymology/*immunology/virology Cell Cycle/genetics/immunology Cell Proliferation Cells, Cultured Cellular Senescence/genetics/immunology Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/genetics DNA-Binding Proteins Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/*immunology Growth Inhibitors/antagonists & inhibitors/biosynthesis HIV-1/growth & development/*immunology/physiology Humans Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis/physiology Telomerase/biosynthesis/genetics/metabolism/*physiology Telomere/enzymology/genetics/*metabolism Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/biosynthesis/physiology Up-Regulation/immunology Virus Replication/genetics/immunology
M. E. Dagarag, T., Rao, N., Effros, R. B. (2004). Genetic manipulation of telomerase in HIV-specific CD8+ T cells: enhanced antiviral functions accompany the increased proliferative potential and telomere length stabilization. J Immunol, 173(10), 6303-11.
Journal Article
HIV type 1 and cytomegalovirus coinfection in the female genital tract
J Infect Dis
2004
1-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15243940
The relationship between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 and human cytomegalovirus (CMV) was studied in blood, saliva, and cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) specimens from 33 HIV-1-infected women. An association between HIV-1 RNA and CMV DNA was found in the CVL specimens, which also were tested for cytokine levels. Women with detectable CMV DNA in CVL specimens were more likely to have higher interleukin (IL)-1 beta and IL-8 levels than were women with undetectable CMV DNA in CVL specimens. More than 1 strain of CMV was detected in specimens from 2 patients. These results suggest mechanisms by which CMV coinfection could affect HIV-1 disease progression.
10.1086/422533
15243940
PMC3119023
Adult Cervix Uteri/virology Cohort Studies Cytomegalovirus/genetics/*isolation & purification Cytomegalovirus Infections/*complications/virology DNA, Viral/analysis/blood Female Genital Diseases, Female/*virology HIV Infections/*complications/virology HIV-1/genetics/*isolation & purification Humans RNA, Viral/analysis/blood Saliva/virology Therapeutic Irrigation/methods Vagina/virology
N. S. R. Lurain, E. S., Xu, J., Camarca, M., Landay, A., Kovacs, A. A., Reichelderfer, P. S. (2004). HIV type 1 and cytomegalovirus coinfection in the female genital tract. J Infect Dis, 190(3), 619-23. PMC3119023
Journal Article
Women with cervicovaginal antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity have lower genital HIV-1 RNA loads
J Infect Dis
2004
1-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15529262
Antibodies that mediate human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) are present in the cervical fluid of many HIV-positive women; however, the role that these antibodies play in host defense against HIV is not known. To understand the contribution of ADCC in cervical secretions as a protective mechanism against HIV, we evaluated ADCC titers in paired serum and cervical-lavage (CVL) samples from >300 HIV-1-positive women who participated in the multicenter Division of AIDS Treatment Research Initiative Study 009. The present study demonstrates that women with CVL ADCC activity had lower genital viral loads than did women with serum ADCC activity only. Women with CVL ADCC activity were likely to have HIV-1 gp120-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) G, but not IgA, in their cervical fluid. This finding suggests that specific IgG in cervical fluid can mediate ADCC activity that inversely correlates with genital viral load.
10.1086/425582
15529262
PMC3119045
Adolescent Adult Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity/*immunology CD4-CD8 Ratio Cervix Uteri/*immunology/virology Female HIV Antibodies/analysis/*biosynthesis HIV Infections/blood/*drug therapy/*immunology HIV-1/immunology/*isolation & purification Humans Middle Aged Prospective Studies RNA, Viral/analysis/blood Viral Load
P. K. Nag, J., Sapiega, V., Landay, A. L., Bremer, J. W., Mestecky, J., Reichelderfer, P., Kovacs, A., Cohn, J., Weiser, B., Baum, L. L. (2004). Women with cervicovaginal antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity have lower genital HIV-1 RNA loads. J Infect Dis, 190(11), 1970-8. PMC3119045
Journal Article
Highly active antiretroviral therapy and cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions in human immunodeficiency virus-positive women
J Natl Cancer Inst
2004
21-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15265968
BACKGROUND: Women infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have an increased risk of persistent squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) of the cervix. We assessed the association between use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and regression of SIL in HIV-infected women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study, a large, multicenter, prospective cohort study. METHODS: Of 2059 HIV-infected participants, 312 HIV-infected women had normal cervical cytology at baseline and were subsequently diagnosed during 7 years of follow-up with incident SIL. Pap smears, CD4+ T-cell counts, and information regarding use of HAART were obtained every 6 months. The outcome of interest was lesion regression, defined as two consecutive normal Pap smears 6 months apart. Incidence rates of SIL regression were computed among person-years at risk, both before and after HAART initiation. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: Of 312 women, 141 had lesions that regressed to normal
10.1093/jnci/djh192
15265968
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/*complications/virology Adult *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes Carcinoma in Situ/drug therapy/*pathology/virology Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy/*pathology/virology Female Follow-Up Studies HIV Seropositivity/complications/*drug therapy Humans Lymphocyte Count Papanicolaou Test *Papillomaviridae Papillomavirus Infections/complications Prospective Studies Research Design Treatment Outcome Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/drug therapy/*pathology/virology Vaginal Smears
L. L. Ahdieh-Grant, R., Levine, A. M., Massad, L. S., Strickler, H. D., Minkoff, H., Moxley, M., Palefsky, J., Sacks, H., Burk, R. D., Gange, S. J. (2004). Highly active antiretroviral therapy and cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions in human immunodeficiency virus-positive women. J Natl Cancer Inst, 96(14), 1070-6.
Journal Article
New JC virus infection patterns by in situ polymerase chain reaction in brains of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
J Neurovirol
2004
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14982723
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), caused by the human polyomavirus JC (JCV), is an opportunistic infection of the central nervous system (CNS), the histopathological diagnosis of which can be made by routine staining. Very low copy numbers of JCV nucleic acid can be detected in paraffin sections by the specific and highly sensitive in situ polymerase chain reaction (in situ PCR). The authors evaluated JCV infection in 12 acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients with PML by comparison of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, in situ hybridization (ISH), and in situ PCR. Phenotype of infected cells was determined by immunohistochemistry with antibodies against glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) or cluster of differentiation 68 (CD68), focusing on cells containing low JC viral copy numbers, and on cell types that are normally not associated with papovavirus infection. The number of detectable JCV-positive oligodendrocytes increased markedly upon PCR amplifica
10.1080/13550280490269691
14982723
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications/*virology Adult Antigens, CD/metabolism Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism Brain/*virology Giant Cells/virology Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/metabolism Humans Immunohistochemistry In Situ Hybridization JC Virus/*isolation & purification/physiology Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal/complications/*virology Macrophages/virology Middle Aged Oligodendroglia/virology Phenotype Polymerase Chain Reaction Polyomavirus Infections/*complications Tumor Virus Infections/*complications
R. W. S. von Einsiedel, I. W., Pawlita, M., Zwissler, B., Deubel, M., Vinters, H. V. (2004). New JC virus infection patterns by in situ polymerase chain reaction in brains of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. J Neurovirol, 10(1), 11-Jan.
Journal Article
Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 gene and recovery from hepatitis B virus infection
J Virol
2004
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15452244
Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is an inhibitory T-cell receptor expressed by activated and regulatory T cells. We hypothesized that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene encoding CTLA-4 may affect the vigor of the T-cell response to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, thus influencing viral persistence. To test this hypothesis, we genotyped six CTLA4 SNPs, from which all frequent haplotypes can be determined, using a large, matched panel of subjects with known HBV outcomes. Haplotypes with these SNPs were constructed for each subject using PHASE software. The haplotype distribution differed between those with viral persistence and those with clearance. Two haplotypes were associated with clearance of HBV infection, which was most likely due to associations with the SNPs -1722C (odds ratio [OR] = 0.60, P = 0.06) and +49G (OR = 0.73, P = 0.02). The wild-type haplotype, which contains an SNP leading to a decreased T-cell response (+6230A), was associated with viral
10.1128/JVI.78.20.11258-11262.2004
15452244
PMC521829
Adult Antigens, CD Antigens, Differentiation/*genetics CTLA-4 Antigen Case-Control Studies Female Haplotypes Hepatitis B/*genetics/*immunology/virology Hepatitis B virus/pathogenicity Humans Male Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
C. L. M. Thio, T. L., Kaslow, R. A., Karp, C. L., Strathdee, S. A., Vlahov, D., O'Brien, S. J., Astemborski, J., Thomas, D. L. (2004). Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 gene and recovery from hepatitis B virus infection. J Virol, 78(20), 11258-62. PMC521829
Journal Article
Evolution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 coreceptor usage during antiretroviral Therapy: a Bayesian approach
J Virol
2004
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15452249
There is substantial evidence for ongoing replication and evolution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), even in individuals receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Viral evolution in the presence of antiviral therapy needs to be considered when developing new therapeutic strategies. Phylogenetic analyses of HIV-1 sequences can be used for this purpose but may give rise to misleading results if rates of intrapatient evolution differ significantly. To improve analyses of HIV-1 evolution relevant to studies of pathogenesis and treatment, we developed a Bayesian hierarchical model that incorporates all available sequence data while simultaneously allowing the phylogenetic parameters of each patient to vary. We used this method to examine evolutionary changes in HIV-1 coreceptor usage in response to treatment. We examined patients whose viral populations exhibited a shift in coreceptor utilization in response to therapy. CXCR4 (X4) strains emerged in each patient but wer
10.1128/JVI.78.20.11296-11302.2004
15452249
PMC521818
*Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Bayes Theorem *Evolution, Molecular Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/virology HIV-1/*genetics/metabolism Humans Molecular Sequence Data Phylogeny Receptors, CCR5/*metabolism Receptors, CXCR4/*metabolism Sequence Analysis, DNA
C. M. P. Kitchen, S., Burger, H., Weiser, B., Anastos, K., Suchard, M. A. (2004). Evolution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 coreceptor usage during antiretroviral Therapy: a Bayesian approach. J Virol, 78(20), 11296-302. PMC521818
Journal Article
Association of DC-SIGN promoter polymorphism with increased risk for parenteral, but not mucosal, acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection
J Virol
2004
Dec-04
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15564514
There is considerable debate about the fundamental mechanisms that underlie and restrict acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. In light of recent studies demonstrating the ability of C type lectins to facilitate infection with HIV-1, we explored the potential relationship between polymorphisms in the DC-SIGN promoter and risk for acquisition of HIV-1 according to route of infection. Using samples obtained from 1,611 European-American participants at risk for parenteral (n = 713) or mucosal (n = 898) infection, we identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the DC-SIGN promoter using single-strand conformation polymorphism. Individuals at risk for parenterally acquired infection who had -336C were more susceptible to infection than were persons with -336T (odds ratio = 1.87, P = 0.001). This association was not observed in those at risk for mucosally acquired infection. A potential role for DC-SIGN specific to systemic acquisition and dissemination of i
10.1128/JVI.78.24.14053-14056.2004
15564514
PMC533922
cancer Cell Adhesion Molecules Cohort Studies genetics HIV Infections Hiv-1 Human human immunodeficiency virus Humans immunodeficiency immunology infection Infusions,Parenteral Lectins,C-Type Mucous Membrane Odds Ratio pathogenicity physiopathology Polymorphism,Genetic Promoter Regions (Genetics) Receptors,Cell Surface research Risk study support virology virus
M. P. L. Martin, M.M., Hutcheson, H.B., Goedert, J.J., Nelson, G.W., van, Kooyk Y., Detels, R., Buchbinder, S., Hoots, K., Vlahov, D., O'Brien, S.J., Carrington, M. (2004). Association of DC-SIGN promoter polymorphism with increased risk for parenteral, but not mucosal, acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. J Virol, 78(24), 14053-14056. PMC533922
Journal Article
APOBEC3G genetic variants and their influence on the progression to AIDS
J Virol
2004
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15452227
The cytosine deaminase APOBEC3G, in the absence of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) accessory gene HIV-1 viral infectivity factor (vif), inhibits viral replication by introducing G-->A hypermutation in the newly synthesized HIV-1 DNA negative strand. We tested the hypothesis that genetic variants of APOBEC3G may modify HIV-1 transmission and disease progression. Single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified in the promoter region (three), introns (two), and exons (two). Genotypes were determined for 3,073 study participants enrolled in six HIV-AIDS prospective cohorts. One codon-changing variant, H186R in exon 4, was polymorphic in African Americans (AA) (f = 37%) and rare in European Americans (f < 3%) or Europeans (f = 5%). For AA, the variant allele 186R was strongly associated with decline in CD4 T cells (CD4 slope on square root scale: -1.86, P = 0.009), The 186R allele was also associated with accelerated progression to AIDS-defining conditions in AA. The in vitr
10.1128/JVI.78.20.11070-11076.2004
15452227
PMC521814
APOBEC-3G Deaminase African Continental Ancestry Group Cell Line Cohort Studies Cytidine Deaminase Disease Progression Europe European Continental Ancestry Group *Genetic Variation HIV Infections/*genetics/*physiopathology HIV-1/*pathogenicity Haplotypes Humans Nucleoside Deaminases Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide Proteins/*genetics Repressor Proteins United States
P. B. An, G., Duggal, P., Nelson, G., May, M., Mangeat, B., Alobwede, I., Trono, D., Vlahov, D., Donfield, S., Goedert, J. J., Phair, J., Buchbinder, S., O'Brien, S. J., Telenti, A., Winkler, C. A. (2004). APOBEC3G genetic variants and their influence on the progression to AIDS. J Virol, 78(20), 11070-6. PMC521814
Journal Article
HPV testing for triage of HIV-infected women with papanicolaou smears read as atypical squamous cells of uncertain significance
J Womens Health (Larchmt)
2004
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15072728
PURPOSE: To assess the utility of testing for high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA as a triage strategy for detecting cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 2/3 in women with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection and cytology read as atypical cells of uncertain significance (ASCUS). METHODS: Conventional cervical cytology and cervicovaginal lavage were obtained at 6-month intervals between October 1, 1994, and September 30, 2002, from women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study, a multicenter cohort studying the natural history of HIV in women. HPV typing was performed by PCR. HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, and 68 were classified as carrying high oncogenic risk. Women with ASCUS smears were referred for colposcopy. Analyses of the sensitivity of HPV testing were cross-sectional, using colposcopy results within 90 days of first ASCUS result. RESULTS: Of the 270 women evaluated, 7 (3%) had CIN 2, and 3 (1%) had CIN3 or adenocarcin
10.1089/154099904322966128
15072728
Adult Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/*pathology/virology Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia/*pathology/virology Cohort Studies Colposcopy DNA Probes, HPV DNA, Viral/analysis Female HIV Infections/*pathology Hiv-1 Humans Papanicolaou Test *Papillomaviridae/isolation & purification Papillomavirus Infections/*pathology/virology Polymerase Chain Reaction Risk Factors Sensitivity and Specificity Triage United States Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/*pathology/virology Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/*pathology/virology Vaginal Smears
L. S. S. Massad, M. F., Watts, D. H., Strickler, H. D., Melnick, S., Palefsky, J., Anastos, K., Levine, A. M., Minkoff, H. (2004). HPV testing for triage of HIV-infected women with papanicolaou smears read as atypical squamous cells of uncertain significance. J Womens Health (Larchmt), 13(2), 147-53.
Journal Article
Dual HIV-1 infection associated with rapid disease progression
Lancet
2004
21-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14987889
Infection with two strains of HIV-1 has implications for understanding HIV transmission and vaccine development; however, frequency and pathogenic consequences of dual infection are unknown. We assessed 64 patients for dual infection with heteroduplex mobility assay, viral sequencing, and phylogenetic methods. HIV disease outcomes were available in 34 patients. Five of these with AIDS endpoints had dual infection with HIV-1: four were cases of coinfection and one was superinfection. In all five, time from seroconversion to clinical AIDS or to CD4+ T-cell count less than 200 cells per microL was very rapid (<3.4 and <3.1 years, respectively). Our findings should prompt larger studies to assess the effect of dual infection at the population level.
10.1016/S0140-6736(04)15596-7
14987889
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/blood/*diagnosis/virology Adult Branched DNA Signal Amplification Assay CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology Disease Progression Female HIV Infections/blood/*diagnosis/virology HIV-1/classification/immunology/*isolation & purification Humans Male RNA, Viral/blood/immunology Retrospective Studies Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Superinfection/diagnosis/immunology/virology Viral Load
G. S. N. Gottlieb, D. C., Jensen, M. A., Wong, K. G., Grobler, J., Li, F., Liu, S. L., Rademeyer, C., Learn, G. H., Karim, S. S., Williamson, C., Corey, L., Margolick, J. B., Mullins, J. I. (2004). Dual HIV-1 infection associated with rapid disease progression. Lancet, 363(9409), 619-22.
Journal Article
Persistent GB virus C infection and survival in HIV-infected men
N Engl J Med
2004
4-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14999110
BACKGROUND: GB virus C (GBV-C), which is not known to be pathogenic in humans, replicates in lymphocytes, inhibits the replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in vitro, and has been associated with a decreased risk of death among HIV-positive persons in some, but not all, studies. Previous studies did not control for differences in the duration of HIV or GBV-C infection. METHODS: We evaluated 271 men who were participants in the Multicenter Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Cohort Study for GBV-C viremia (by means of a reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction assay) or E2 antibody (by means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) 12 to 18 months after seroconversion to positivity for HIV (the early visit); a subgroup of 138 patients was also evaluated 5 to 6 years after HIV seroconversion (the late visit). RESULTS: GBV-C infection was detected in 85 percent of men with HIV seroconversion on the basis of the presence of E2 antibody (46 percent) or GBV-C RNA (39 percen
10.1056/NEJMoa030107
14999110
Adult CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Flaviviridae Infections/*complications *GB virus C/genetics HIV Infections/*complications/*mortality HIV Seropositivity/complications Hepatitis, Viral, Human/*complications Humans Male Prognosis RNA, Viral/blood Survival Rate Viremia
C. F. K. Williams, D., Yamashita, T. E., Xiang, J., Polgreen, P. M., Rinaldo, C., Liu, C., Phair, J., Margolick, J. B., Zdunek, D., Hess, G., Stapleton, J. T. (2004). Persistent GB virus C infection and survival in HIV-infected men. N Engl J Med, 350(10), 981-90.
Journal Article
Regional patterns of brain metabolites in AIDS dementia complex
Neuroimage
2004
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15528093
The relationship of the cellular changes in the HIV-infected brain to the onset and progression of AIDS dementia complex (ADC) remains uncertain. We undertook an in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) study and used factor analysis to identify specific cellular and regional brain changes that may serve as metabolic markers of ADC. The ratio of N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), and myoinositol (MI) over creatine (Cr), markers of neuronal and glial cell metabolism, were measured in the basal ganglia, centrum semiovale, and parietal cortex from 100 subjects with and without ADC. Three metabolic patterns were identified, which we termed "inflammatory" (mainly MI/Cr elevations in all three regions plus Cho/Cr increases in the centrum semiovale and parietal cortex), "basal ganglia" (mostly NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr elevations in the basal ganglia), and "neuronal" (primarily NAA/Cr reductions in the centrum semiovale and the parietal cortex). Logistic regression analysis revealed
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.07.033
15528093
AIDS Dementia Complex/*metabolism/pathology Adult Algorithms Basal Ganglia/metabolism/pathology Brain/pathology Brain Chemistry/*physiology Encephalitis/metabolism/pathology Factor Analysis, Statistical Female Humans Image Processing, Computer-Assisted Logistic Models Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Neurons/metabolism/pathology
C. T. E. Yiannoutsos, T., Chang, L., Lee, P. L., Richards, T., Marra, C. M., Meyerhoff, D. J., Jarvik, J. G., Kolson, D., Schifitto, G., Ellis, R. J., Swindells, S., Simpson, D. M., Miller, E. N., Gonzalez, R. G., Navia, B. A. (2004). Regional patterns of brain metabolites in AIDS dementia complex. Neuroimage, 23(3), 928-35.
Journal Article
Natural history of grade 1 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in women with human immunodeficiency virus
Obstet Gynecol
2004
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15516404
OBJECTIVE: We sought to estimate rates of progression and regression of grade 1 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 1) among women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). METHODS: In a multicenter prospective cohort study, HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative women were evaluated colposcopically after receiving an abnormal cytology test result between November 1994 and September 2002. Women with CIN 1 were included, except those who had undergone hysterectomy, cervical therapy, or had CIN 2-3 or cervical cancer. Those women who were included were followed cytologically twice yearly, with colposcopy repeated for atypia or worse. RESULTS: We followed 223 women with CIN 1 (202 HIV seropositive and 21 HIV seronegative) for a mean of 3.3 person-years. Progression occurred in 8 HIV-seropositive women (incidence density, 1.2/100 person-years; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.5-2.4/100 person-years) and in no HIV seronegative women. Regression occurred in 66 (33%) HIV-seropositive women (1
10.1097/01.AOG.0000143256.63961.c0
15516404
Adult Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia/diagnosis/*epidemiology/*pathology Colposcopy Comorbidity Disease Progression Female HIV Seropositivity/*epidemiology Humans Multivariate Analysis Prospective Studies Risk Factors Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/diagnosis/*epidemiology/*pathology
L. S. E. Massad, C. T., Minkoff, H., Watts, D. H., Strickler, H. D., Darragh, T., Levine, A., Anastos, K., Moxley, M., Passaro, D. J. (2004). Natural history of grade 1 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in women with human immunodeficiency virus. Obstet Gynecol, 104(5 Pt 1), 1077-85.
Journal Article
Sensitivity analyses for unmeasured confounding assuming a marginal structural model for repeated measures
Stat Med
2004
15-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14981673
Robins introduced marginal structural models (MSMs) and inverse probability of treatment weighted (IPTW) estimators for the causal effect of a time-varying treatment on the mean of repeated measures. We investigate the sensitivity of IPTW estimators to unmeasured confounding. We examine a new framework for sensitivity analyses based on a nonidentifiable model that quantifies unmeasured confounding in terms of a sensitivity parameter and a user-specified function. We present augmented IPTW estimators of MSM parameters and prove their consistency for the causal effect of an MSM, assuming a correct confounding bias function for unmeasured confounding. We apply the methods to assess sensitivity of the analysis of Hernan et al., who used an MSM to estimate the causal effect of zidovudine therapy on repeated CD4 counts among HIV-infected men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Under the assumption of no unmeasured confounders, a 95 per cent confidence interval for the treatment effect incl
10.1002/sim.1657
14981673
CD4 Lymphocyte Count Clinical Trials as Topic/*statistics & numerical data Confidence Intervals *Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic HIV Infections/drug therapy/immunology Homosexuality, Male Humans Male *Models, Statistical Monitoring, Physiologic Sensitivity and Specificity Time Factors United States Zidovudine/*therapeutic use
B. A. H. Brumback, M. A., Haneuse, S. J., Robins, J. M. (2004). Sensitivity analyses for unmeasured confounding assuming a marginal structural model for repeated measures. Stat Med, 23(5), 749-67.
Journal Article
Accounting for leadtime in cohort studies: evaluating when to initiate HIV therapies
Stat Med
2004
15-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15493031
Commonly reported comparisons of differences in disease progression according to disease staging at therapy initiation may be subject to bias if they do not account for the time it took the deferred group to reach the latter stage (that is, leadtime) and for previous events in those who initiate therapy at late stage (that is, unseen fast progressors). To estimate the impact of deferring initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapies (HAART) on time to clinical AIDS in the context of data from observational cohort studies, we describe a method that capitalizes on data from a pre-HAART period to multiply impute estimated leadtimes and the unseen events among fast progressors. After accounting for leadtime and the unseen events, data from two large cohort studies (N=739) indicate that deferring HAART initiation until CD4 is below 200 cells/mm3 was detrimental compared to initiating between 201 and 350 (hazard ratio=1.97; 95 percent confidence interval [CI] 1.09, 3.54), and that fai
10.1002/sim.1579
15493031
Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*methods CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Disease Progression Female HIV/*growth & development HIV Infections/*drug therapy Humans Male Multicenter Studies as Topic RNA, Viral/blood Statistics as Topic/*methods Time Factors
S. R. L. Cole, R., Anastos, K., Detels, R., Young, M., Chmiel, J. S., Munoz, A. (2004). Accounting for leadtime in cohort studies: evaluating when to initiate HIV therapies. Stat Med, 23(21), 3351-63.
Journal Article
Polymorphic chemokine receptor and ligand genes in HIV infection
Susceptibility to Infectious Diseases: The Importance of Host Genetics
2004
category: genetics Disease Disease Susceptibility etiology genetics health Hiv HIV infection infection infectious diseases outcome Public Health study
Book Section
Is immunosenescence infectious?
Trends Immunol
2004
Aug-04
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15275638
10.1016/j.it.2004.05.006
15275638
Aging Animals Cytomegalovirus Cytomegalovirus Infections Humans Immunologic Memory immunology research review support T-Lymphocytes
G. A. Pawelec, A., Caruso, C., Effros, R., Grubeck-Loebenstein, B., Wikby, A. (2004). Is immunosenescence infectious?. Trends Immunol, 25(8), 406-410.
Journal Article
Virus infection of dendritic cells: portal for host invasion and host defense
Trends Microbiol
2004
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15223061
Dendritic cells (DCs) act as a portal for virus invasion and as the most potent antigen-presenting cells in antiviral host defense. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 has served as the paradigm for virus interaction with DCs. HIV-1 infection of DCs via its primary CD4 receptor and secondary chemokine receptors leads to full virus replication (cis infection), whereas binding to C-type lectin receptors results both in cis replication, as well as transfer and replication of virus in CD4(pos) T cells (trans infection). DCs respond to this invasion by processing viral proteins through MHC class I and II pathways and undergoing a maturation that enhances their presentation of antigen to T cells for induction of adaptive antiviral immunity. HIV-1 and other viruses have evolved mechanisms to subvert this immune function. Engineering of DCs with various forms of viral immunogens and co-treatment with cytokines and chemokines is being used as an immunotherapy for HIV-1 and other viral infectio
10.1016/j.tim.2004.05.003
15223061
Animals Antigen Presentation Dendritic Cells/*immunology/*virology HIV-1/immunology/pathogenicity/physiology Hepatitis Viruses/immunology/pathogenicity/physiology Herpesviridae/immunology/pathogenicity/physiology Humans Measles virus/growth & development/immunology/pathogenicity Receptors, Virus/*physiology *Virus Physiological Phenomena Viruses/immunology/pathogenicity
C. R. Rinaldo, Jr., Piazza, P. (2004). Virus infection of dendritic cells: portal for host invasion and host defense. Trends Microbiol, 12(7), 337-45.
Journal Article
Rapid declines in total lymphocyte counts and hemoglobin concentration prior to AIDS among HIV-1-infected men
AIDS
2003
9/26/2003
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14502006
SUMMARY: OBJECTIVE To describe temporal patterns in total lymphocyte count (TLC) and hemoglobin (Hgb) concentration during HIV infection and relate these patterns to changes in other markers and to clinical disease.DESIGN Prospective cohort studyMETHODS Longitudinal trajectories of total lymphocyte count and hemoglobin from men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study were studied by applying, to each individual, a segmented regression model to capture changes in marker trajectories at an inflection point. The estimated slope of these markers before and after the inflection point were examined to determine whether those with AIDS onset could be distinguished from those remaining free of AIDS through the use of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.RESULTS Prior to the estimated inflection points, TLC and Hgb marker slopes were distributed around zero in all men; afterwards, those who developed AIDS showed rapid declines in both markers. A TLC decline greater than 10% and Hgb decli
10.1097/00002030-200309260-00004
14502006
AIDS Baltimore category: disease progression CD4+ Cell Count change Chicago clinical cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Disease Disease Progression epidemiology health Hiv HIV infection Illinois immunology infection longitudinal Los Angeles lymphocyte Lymphocyte Count lymphocyte counts marker markers Maryland microbiology model multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Pennsylvania Pittsburgh progression Public Health study
B. G. Lau, S.J., Phair, J.P., Riddler, S.A., Detels, R., Margolick, J.B. (2003). Rapid declines in total lymphocyte counts and hemoglobin concentration prior to AIDS among HIV-1-infected men. AIDS, 17(14), 2035-2044.
Journal Article
Effect of hormonal contraceptive use on plasma HIV-1-RNA levels among HIV-infected women
AIDS
2003
25-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12853757
We compared the HIV-1-RNA and CD4 lymphocyte counts from users and non-users of hormonal contraception cross-sectionally upon entry into the Women's Interagency HIV Study, and again longitudinally. There did not appear to be an association between hormonal contraception use and HIV-1-RNA levels in our study. There was a small increase in CD4 cell counts among hormonal users of doubtful clinical significance.
10.1097/00002030-200307250-00019
12853757
Adult CD4 Lymphocyte Count Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal/*pharmacology Cross-Sectional Studies Female HIV Infections/immunology/*virology HIV-1/*genetics Humans Longitudinal Studies RNA, Viral/*blood
H. E. J. Cejtin, L., Springer, G., Watts, D. H., Levine, A., Greenblatt, R., Anastos, K., Minkoff, H. L., Massad, L. S., Schmidt, J. B. (2003). Effect of hormonal contraceptive use on plasma HIV-1-RNA levels among HIV-infected women. AIDS, 17(11), 1702-4.
Journal Article
Stochastic simulation of the impact of antiretroviral therapy and HIV vaccines on HIV transmission; Rakai, Uganda
AIDS
2003
5-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12960827
OBJECTIVE: To model the effects of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and HIV vaccines on HIV transmission using empirical data from studies in Rakai, Uganda. DESIGN: A stochastic simulation model estimated HIV incidence, probabilities of transmission per coital act and the reproductive number (R0) with ART and HIV vaccines. Model inputs included Rakai data on HIV transmission probabilities per coital act by HIV viral load, age and gender, and sexual behaviors. The impacts of therapy were derived from US programs, and vaccine assumptions included preventive efficacies ranging from 25 to 75%. Component projection models estimated the numbers of HIV-infected persons over 20 years. RESULTS: The model incidence [1.57/100 person years (PY)] closely fitted empirical data (1.5/100 PY). Simulations of ART using DHHS treatment guidelines, predicted declines in HIV incidence, but R0 remained > 1.0, and the numbers of HIV-positive persons did not change substantially over 20 years. Preventive vaccines
10.1097/00002030-200309050-00013
12960827
*AIDS Vaccines Adolescent Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use Disease Outbreaks Female HIV Infections/epidemiology/therapy/*transmission Humans Incidence Male Middle Aged Models, Biological Prevalence Sexual Behavior Stochastic Processes Uganda/epidemiology Viral Load
R. H. L. Gray, X., Wawer, M. J., Gange, S. J., Serwadda, D., Sewankambo, N. K., Moore, R., Wabwire-Mangen, F., Lutalo, T., Quinn, T. C., Rakai Project, Group (2003). Stochastic simulation of the impact of antiretroviral therapy and HIV vaccines on HIV transmission; Rakai, Uganda. AIDS, 17(13), 1941-51.
Journal Article
Effects of CCR5-Delta32 and CCR2-64I alleles on HIV-1 disease progression: the protection varies with duration of infection
AIDS
2003
14-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12556692
OBJECTIVE: To examine temporal variation in the effects of CCR5-Delta32 and CCR2-64I chemokine receptor gene polymorphisms on HIV-1 disease progression. DESIGN: Pooled analysis of individual patient data from 10 cohorts of HIV-1 seroconverters from the United States, Europe, and Australia. METHODS: We studied HIV-1 seroconverters of European (n = 1635) or African (n = 215) ancestry who had been genotyped for CCR5-Delta32 and CCR2-64I. We used Cox proportional hazards models with time-varying coefficients to determine whether the genetic protection against AIDS (1987 case definition) and death varied with time since seroconversion. RESULTS: Protection against AIDS conferred by CCR5-Delta32 held constant at a 31% (RH 0.69, 95% CI 0.54, 0.88) reduction in risk over the course of HIV-1 infection, whereas protection against death held constant at a 39% reduction in risk (RH 0.61, 95% CI 0.45, 0.88). When the period from AIDS to death was isolated, the survival benefit of CCR5-Delta32 dimini
10.1097/01.aids.0000050783.28043.3e
12556692
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*genetics Disease Progression HIV Seropositivity/genetics HIV-1/*genetics Heterozygote Humans Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics Proportional Hazards Models Receptors, CCR2 Receptors, CCR5/*genetics Receptors, Chemokine/*genetics Survival Analysis Time Factors
S. A. O. B. Mulherin, T. R., Ioannidis, J. P., Goedert, J. J., Buchbinder, S. P., Coutinho, R. A., Jamieson, B. D., Meyer, L., Michael, N. L., Pantaleo, G., Rizzardi, G. P., Schuitemaker, H., Sheppard, H. W., Theodorou, I. D., Vlahov, D., Rosenberg, P. S., International Meta-Analysis of, H. I. V. Host Genetics (2003). Effects of CCR5-Delta32 and CCR2-64I alleles on HIV-1 disease progression: the protection varies with duration of infection. AIDS, 17(3), 377-87.
Journal Article
Variability of HIV-1 RNA before AIDS and highly active antiretroviral therapy
AIDS
2003
5/23/2003
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12819533
10.1097/00002030-200305230-00023
12819533
AIDS antiretroviral therapy Antiretroviral Therapy,Highly Active blood category: methodological CD4 Lymphocyte Count Disease Progression Hiv-1 HIV Infections Human isolation & purification letter Male multicenter Multicenter Studies Rna Rna,Viral study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. therapies therapy virology
T. E. M. Yamashita, K., Muñoz, A. (2003). Variability of HIV-1 RNA before AIDS and highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS, 17(8), 1264-1266.
Journal Article
MCP-1-MCP-3-Eotaxin gene cluster influences HIV-1 transmission
AIDS
2003
7-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14571188
BACKGROUND: MCP-1 (CCL2), MCP-3 (CCL7), and eotaxin (CCL11) are genes for CC chemokines clustered on the long arm of chromosome 17. Previous studies have implicated these chemokines in monocyte recruitment, viral replication, and anti-HIV cytotoxic T cell responses. An epidemiological analysis identified genetic variants influencing HIV-1 transmission and disease progression. METHODS: Genomic DNA from over 3000 participants enrolled in five natural history cohorts in the United States were analyzed. Nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) covering 33 kb containing these three genes were genotyped using the polymerase chain reaction. Distortions in allele, genotype, and haplotype frequencies were assessed with respect to HIV-1 transmission and rates of disease progression using categorical and survival analyses. RESULTS: Extensive linkage disequilibrium was observed. Three SNP (-2136T located in the MCP-1 promoter region, 767G in intron 1 of MCP-1, and -1385A in the Eotaxin promoter)
10.1097/00002030-200311070-00011
14571188
Base Sequence Chemokine CCL11 Chemokine CCL2/genetics Chemokine CCL7 Chemokines/*genetics Chemokines, CC/genetics Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17/genetics Cohort Studies *Cytokines Disease Progression *Genetic Predisposition to Disease Genotype HIV Infections/*genetics/immunology/transmission *hiv-1 Haplotypes Humans Male Molecular Sequence Data Monocyte Chemoattractant Proteins/genetics Multigene Family/*immunology Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide Survival Analysis
W. S. G. Modi, J. J., Strathdee, S., Buchbinder, S., Detels, R., Donfield, S., O'Brien, S. J., Winkler, C. (2003). MCP-1-MCP-3-Eotaxin gene cluster influences HIV-1 transmission. AIDS, 17(16), 2357-65.
Journal Article
Rapid declines in total lymphocyte count and hemoglobin in HIV infection begin at CD4 lymphocyte counts that justify antiretroviral therapy
Aids
2003
3-Jan
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12478077/
We investigated whether the onset of rapid declines in total lymphocyte counts and hemoglobin levels might be useful for staging HIV disease and initiating antiretroviral therapy. Using data from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, we found that accelerated declines in both markers generally precede AIDS by 1.2 years and occur when the CD4 lymphocyte counts fall below 350 cells/mm(3). These markers may thus be suitable for monitoring disease and timing therapy initiation in resource-limited settings.
10.1097/01.aids.0000042585.93174.11
12478077
t-cell homeostasis disease progression aids individuals percentage failure anemia
S. J. L. Gange, B., Phair, J., Riddler, S. A., Detels, R., Margolick, J. B. (2003). Rapid declines in total lymphocyte count and hemoglobin in HIV infection begin at CD4 lymphocyte counts that justify antiretroviral therapy. Aids, 17(1), 119-+.
Journal Article
Dissatisfaction with medical care among women with HIV: dimensions and associated factors
AIDS Care
2003
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14509860
Studies have shown that women with HIV/AIDS in the USA are less likely than men to have access to appropriate health care and to utilize services, including the latest antiretroviral drug therapies. One explanation for this underutilization is patient dissatisfaction with medical care. Dissatisfaction with care has been shown to be associated not only with treatment underutilization, but also with discontinuity of care and poor clinical outcomes. Using Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire data from a national cohort of women with HIV, this study examines levels of dissatisfaction across seven established dimensions of care, and uses multivariate analysis to identify patient characteristics associated with these dimensions (N = 1,303). Women were most dissatisfied with access to care and the technical quality of care, and least dissatisfied with financial aspects of care and their providers' interpersonal manner. Women who reported poor health, who had depressive symptomatology, who were
10.1080/0954012031000134692
14509860
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy/economics/psychology Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use Epidemiologic Methods Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/economics/psychology HIV Seropositivity/drug therapy/economics/psychology *Health Services Accessibility Humans Middle Aged *Patient Satisfaction Professional-Patient Relations *Quality of Health Care
J. K. C. Burke, J. A., Cohen, M. H., Wilson, T., Anastos, K., Young, M., Palacio, H., Richardson, J., Gange, S. (2003). Dissatisfaction with medical care among women with HIV: dimensions and associated factors. AIDS Care, 15(4), 451-62.
Journal Article
When to initiate highly active antiretroviral therapy: a cohort approach
Am J Epidemiol
2003
15-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12697578
The appropriate immunologic stage of human immunodeficiency virus infection at which to initiate highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) among asymptomatic persons is a core question. A cohort approach using longitudinal data from the US Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study was used to mimic a clinical trial to assess the risk of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) by timing of therapy. Three treatment groups were defined according to CD4(+) count (cells/microl) at HAART initiation between July 1995 and January 2000: <200 (deferral to <200, n = 127), 200-349 (deferral to 200-349, n = 130), and 350-499 (immediate treatment, n = 92). Survival analysis was used to compare time to AIDS between groups from the index visit until July 2000. The index visit for the immediate group was the one prior to HAART initiation. For the deferral groups, the index visit was a randomly selected, pre-HAART, AIDS-free visit after July 1990 at which CD4(+) counts were 350-499 cells/microl. This strategy
10.1093/aje/kwg036
12697578
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*epidemiology Adult Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*immunology Humans Longitudinal Studies Male *Models, Statistical Survival Analysis Time Factors
L. Y. Ahdieh-Grant, T. E., Phair, J. P., Detels, R., Wolinsky, S. M., Margolick, J. B., Rinaldo, C. R., Jacobson, L. P. (2003). When to initiate highly active antiretroviral therapy: a cohort approach. Am J Epidemiol, 157(8), 738-46.
Journal Article
Effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on time to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or death using marginal structural models
Am J Epidemiol
2003
1-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14507605
To estimate the net (i.e., overall) effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on time to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or death, the authors used inverse probability-of-treatment weighted estimation of a marginal structural model, which can appropriately adjust for time-varying confounders affected by prior treatment or exposure. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive men and women (n = 1,498) were followed in two ongoing cohort studies between 1995 and 2002. Sixty-one percent (n = 918) of the participants initiated HAART during 6,763 person-years of follow-up, and 382 developed AIDS or died. Strong confounding by indication for HAART was apparent; the unadjusted hazard ratio for AIDS or death was 0.98. The hazard ratio from a standard time-dependent Cox model that included time-varying CD4 cell count, HIV RNA level, and other time-varying and fixed covariates as regressors was 0.81 (95% confidence interval: 0.61, 1.07). In contrast, the hazard ratio from
10.1093/aje/kwg206
14507605
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*drug therapy/*mortality Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*statistics & numerical data CD4 Lymphocyte Count/statistics & numerical data Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic Disease Progression Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Incidence Logistic Models Male *Models, Statistical Observation Proportional Hazards Models Prospective Studies RNA/blood Survival Analysis Time Factors Treatment Outcome United States/epidemiology
S. R. H. Cole, M. A., Robins, J. M., Anastos, K., Chmiel, J., Detels, R., Ervin, C., Feldman, J., Greenblatt, R., Kingsley, L., Lai, S., Young, M., Cohen, M., Munoz, A. (2003). Effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on time to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or death using marginal structural models. Am J Epidemiol, 158(7), 687-94.
Journal Article
Substance use and psychotherapeutic medications: a likely contributor to menstrual disorders in women who are seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus
Am J Obstet Gynecol
2003
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12712080
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of substance use and psychotherapeutic medications on menstrual characteristics in women who are human immunodeficiency virus seropositive and seronegative. STUDY DESIGN: Menstrual calendars were prospectively collected for 1075 women who were human immunodeficiency virus seropositive and seronegative and who were enrolled in the Women's Interagency Human Immunodeficiency Virus Study or the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Epidemiology Research Study; several of the women were substance users or recipients of psychotherapeutic medications. RESULTS: Women who received methadone maintenance and who used injection drugs had substantially increased odds of a cycle of >or=90 days (odds ratio, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.23-4.22; and odds ratio, 3.87; 95% CI, 2.16-6.95, respectively). The use of psychotherapeutic medications increased the odds of having very short cycles, <18 days, and cycles of >or=90 days (odds ratio, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.16-2.45;
10.1067/mob.2003.209
12712080
Adult Case-Control Studies Cohort Studies Female HIV Seronegativity HIV Seropositivity/*complications Humans Menstruation Disturbances/*etiology/physiopathology Methadone/therapeutic use Middle Aged Narcotics/therapeutic use Odds Ratio Prospective Studies Psychotropic Drugs/*adverse effects Substance Abuse, Intravenous/complications/drug therapy Substance-Related Disorders/*complications/drug therapy Time Factors
S. D. C. Harlow, M., Ohmit, S. E., Schuman, P., Cu-Uvin, S., Lin, X., Greenblatt, R., Gurtman, A., Khalsa, A., Minkoff, H., Young, M. A., Klein, R. S. (2003). Substance use and psychotherapeutic medications: a likely contributor to menstrual disorders in women who are seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 188(4), 881-6.
Journal Article
A diamond-shaped equiponderant graphical display of the effects of two categorical predictors on continuous outcomes
American Statistician
2003
2003
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1198/0003130031883
Three-dimensional (3-D) bar graphs and their current 2-D alternatives have certain limitations when the primary objective is to provide an equal representation of the effects of two predictors on an outcome. This article proposes a graphing methodology (in the shape of a diamond) that projects 3-D bar graphs into 2-D whereby the third dimension is replaced with a polygon whose area and middle vertical and horizontal lengths represent the outcome. The proposed graphical representation is invariant to rotations and avoids outcomes in categories being concealed by others. This article shows several applications of our proposal to a variety of data types (e.g., proportions, incidence rates, relative risks), which can be easily implemented with available software.
10.1198/0003130031883
application category: methodological effects Incidence outcome predictor predictors Risk Software
X. B. Li, J.M., Tarwater, P.M., Muñoz, A. (2003). A diamond-shaped equiponderant graphical display of the effects of two categorical predictors on continuous outcomes. American Statistician, 57(3), 193-199.
Journal Article
Hair changes in women from the Women's Interagency HIV Study
Arch Dermatol
2003
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12533186
10.1001/archderm.139.1.105
12533186
Adult Aged Female HIV Infections/drug therapy/*pathology Hair/*pathology Humans Middle Aged Surveys and Questionnaires
P. H. Mirmirani, N. A., Maurer, T. A., Berger, T. G., Greenblatt, R. M., Price, V. H. (2003). Hair changes in women from the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Arch Dermatol, 139(1), 105-6.
Journal Article
Herpesvirus infections in organ transplant recipients
Clin Diagn Lab Immunol
2003
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12522031
10.1128/cdli.10.1.1-7.2003
12522031
PMC145294
Herpesviridae Infections/diagnosis/drug therapy/*etiology Humans Immunosuppression Infection Control Organ Transplantation/*adverse effects Serologic Tests Transplantation Immunology
F. J. R. Jenkins, D. T., Rinaldo, C. R., Jr. (2003). Herpesvirus infections in organ transplant recipients. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol, 10(1), 7-Jan. PMC145294
Journal Article
Analytical performance of a highly sensitive C-reactive protein-based immunoassay and the effects of laboratory variables on levels of protein in blood
Clin Diagn Lab Immunol
2003
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12853400
C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute-phase reactant whose levels increase in response to a variety of inflammatory stimuli. Elevated levels in serum are observed after trauma, tissue necrosis, infection, surgery, and myocardial infarction and are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. CRP levels are also elevated in noninflammatory states, such as obesity, sleep disturbances, depression, chronic fatigue, aging, and physical inactivity. In this study, the performance of a highly sensitive CRP enzyme immunoassay was evaluated, along with common laboratory variables (specimen type, processing time, and storage conditions) that may influence measured blood concentrations of CRP. The measurement range of the assay was from 0.4 to 50 microg/liter. Total imprecision (coefficient of variation) ranged from 8.1 to 11.4%. CRP levels obtained with the enzyme immunoassay were highly correlated with those obtained with an automated immunonephelometric assay. Comparable results
10.1128/cdli.10.4.652-657.2003
12853400
PMC164250
Acute-Phase Reaction/blood Adult Anticoagulants/pharmacology Blood/drug effects Blood Preservation C-Reactive Protein/*analysis Cryopreservation Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic Edetic Acid/pharmacology Heparin/pharmacology Humans *Immunoenzyme Techniques Nephelometry and Turbidimetry Reference Values Reproducibility of Results Temperature
N. F. Aziz, J. L., Detels, R., Butch, A. W. (2003). Analytical performance of a highly sensitive C-reactive protein-based immunoassay and the effects of laboratory variables on levels of protein in blood. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol, 10(4), 652-7. PMC164250
Journal Article
Effects of asthma on cell components in peripheral blood among smokers and non-smokers
Clin Exp Allergy
2003
Nov-03
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14616860
BACKGROUND: Eosinophils play a central role in asthma, but the interplay of the effects of smoking, eosinophils and asthma remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: The primary objective of our study was to investigate the extent to which smoking modifies the effect of asthma on circulating eosinophils, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell counts. METHODS: Data were collected semiannually between 1987 and 1994 from HIV-negative participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Asthma was defined by a questionnaire at baseline as a self-report of diagnosed asthma. A total of 1420 blood samples from 197 asthmatics and 15 822 from 1997 non-asthmatics were collected. RESULTS: Eosinophil levels were higher in asthmatics (28% of asthmatics had eosinophils >/=4% and 16% of non-asthmatics) regardless of smoking history, but smoking modified the association between eosinophils and asthma. Namely, the odds ratios for eosinophils being >/=4% in asthmatics to non-asthmatics decreased from 2.7 (95% CI: 2.0, 3.6) in never, to 2
10.1046/j.1365-2222.2003.01730.x
14616860
Adult AIDS Asthma blood CD4 Lymphocyte Count CD4+ Cd4-Cd8 Ratio CD8+ CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes Cell Count cohort Cohort Studies cohort study cross-sectional effects Eosinophils history Humans immunology Leukocyte Count longitudinal Male methods Middle Aged multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Multicenter Studies Odds Ratio pathology questionnaire research Role self-report Smoking study support t cell
J. S. Sunyer, G., Jamieson, B., Conover, C., Detels, R., Rinaldo, C., Margolick, J., Munoz, A. (2003). Effects of asthma on cell components in peripheral blood among smokers and non-smokers. Clin Exp Allergy, 33(11), 1500-1505.
Journal Article
Non-Hodgkin's B cell lymphoma in persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is associated with increased serum levels of IL10, or the IL10 promoter -592 C/C genotype
Clin Immunol
2003
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14597210
Interleukin-10 (IL10) may contribute to the development of non-Hodgkin's B cell lymphoma, especially in the context of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), where lymphoma incidence is greatly increased. Utilizing specimens from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) obtained prior to diagnosis of AIDS-associated lymphoma, detectable serum human IL10 was seen much more frequently in lymphoma cases (n = 61, 26%) compared to CD4-matched AIDS controls (5%, P = 0.004), or to HIV-infected (2%, P = 0.002) or HIV uninfected subjects (0%, P = 0.0003). In longitudinal studies, detectable IL10 occurred at times closest to but preceding lymphoma diagnosis (P = 0.01). In an independent genetic analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms within the promoter region of the IL10 gene in 1157 MACS subjects, a high IL10-expressing genotype (-592 C/C) was overrepresented among lymphoma subjects (P = 0.009), even when controlling for race (P = 0.006). These results suggest that elevated serum IL10
10.1016/s1521-6616(03)00214-6
14597210
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*blood/complications/immunology Cohort Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/immunology Genotype Humans Interleukin-10/*blood/genetics Longitudinal Studies Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/*blood/complications/genetics Lymphoma, B-Cell/*blood/complications/genetics/immunology Male Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics/immunology Promoter Regions, Genetic/immunology Time Factors
E. C. B. Breen, W. J., Detels, R., Jacobson, L. P., Smith, M. W., O'Brien, S. J., Chmiel, J. S., Rinaldo, C. R., Lai, S., Martinez-Maza, O. (2003). Non-Hodgkin's B cell lymphoma in persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is associated with increased serum levels of IL10, or the IL10 promoter -592 C/C genotype. Clin Immunol, 109(2), 119-29.
Journal Article
Non-Hodgkin's B cell lymphoma in persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is associated with increased serum levels of IL10, or the IL10 promoter −592 C/C genotype
Clin Immunol
2003
Nov
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14597210/
Interleukin-10 (IL10) may contribute to the development of non-Hodgkin's B cell lymphoma, especially in the context of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), where lymphoma incidence is greatly increased. Utilizing specimens from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) obtained prior to diagnosis of AIDS-associated lymphoma, detectable serum human IL10 was seen much more frequently in lymphoma cases (n = 61, 26%) compared to CD4-matched AIDS controls (5%, P = 0.004), or to HIV-infected (2%, P = 0.002) or HIV uninfected subjects (0%, P = 0.0003). In longitudinal studies, detectable IL10 occurred at times closest to but preceding lymphoma diagnosis (P = 0.01). In an independent genetic analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms within the promoter region of the IL10 gene in 1157 MACS subjects, a high IL10-expressing genotype (-592 C/C) was overrepresented among lymphoma subjects (P = 0.009), even when controlling for race (P = 0.006). These results suggest that elevated serum IL10
10.1016/s1521-6616(03)00214-6
14597210
interleukin-10 b cell lymphoma aids serum predictor single-nucleotide polymorphism genotype haplotype cytokine hiv-infection interleukin-10 il-10 messenger-rna aids virus polymorphisms expression activation risk pathogenesis
E. C. B. Breen, W. John, Detels, Roger, Jacobson, Lisa P., Smith, Michael W., O'Brien, Stephen J., Chmiel, Joan S., Rinaldo, Charles R., Lai, Shenghan, Martínez-Maza, Otoniel (2003). Non-Hodgkin's B cell lymphoma in persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is associated with increased serum levels of IL10, or the IL10 promoter −592 C/C genotype. Clin Immunol, 109(2), 119-129.
Journal Article
Difficulties in understanding the metabolic complications of acquired immune deficiency syndrome
Clin Infect Dis
2003
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12942373
With the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy, changes in fat distribution and serum metabolites were reported. These included increased central fat ("buffalo hump," abdominal, and visceral); decreased peripheral fat (in the face, legs, and arms); increased levels of triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein and total cholesterol, glucose, and insulin; and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Many of these changes predict increased atherosclerosis. It has been proposed that these findings are part of a single syndrome, much like metabolic syndrome. Our data indicate that many of these changes are independent. Some changes are antiretroviral drug (but not necessarily class)-specific, some represent the restoration to health, and others are due to effects of the host response to human immunodeficiency virus itself.
10.1086/375886
12942373
Adipose Tissue/metabolism Anti-HIV Agents/pharmacology Blood Glucose/metabolism HIV Infections/*complications/drug therapy/metabolism HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome Humans Insulin/metabolism Lipoproteins/metabolism Metabolic Diseases/*etiology Metabolic Syndrome/etiology
C. T. Grunfeld, P. (2003). Difficulties in understanding the metabolic complications of acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Clin Infect Dis, 37 Suppl 2(), S43-6.
Journal Article
Ending health disparities among vulnerable LGBT people
Clinical Research and Regulatory Affairs
2003
2003
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1081/CRP-120021077?journalCode=icrr20
10.1081/CRP-120021077
commentary health category: clinical/epidemiological
A. J. Silvestre (2003). Ending health disparities among vulnerable LGBT people. Clinical Research and Regulatory Affairs, 20(2), ix-xii.
Journal Article
Replicative senescence: the final stage of memory T cell differentiation?
Curr HIV Res
2003
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15043200
One of the major obstacles to effective prolonged CD8 T cell control over HIV and other latent infections may be the intrinsic, genetically programmed barrier to unlimited proliferation that is characteristic of all normal human somatic cells. Replicative senescence, characterized extensively in cell culture for a variety of cell types, comprises both irreversible cell cycle arrest and striking changes in function. CD8 T cells with features similar to senescent CD8 T cell cultures (i.e., absence of CD28, inability to proliferate, telomeres in the 5-7 kb range, resistance to apoptosis) increase progressively during aging and in chronic HIV infection, suggesting that replicative senescence may be occurring in vivo, and, in fact, may constitute the final stage in the normal differentiation of human T cells. CD8 T cells with characteristics suggestive of senescence have also been implicated in modulating immune function and altering bone homeostasis. Further characterization of the underly
10.2174/1570162033485348
15043200
CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology/*immunology Cell Differentiation/immunology Cellular Senescence/immunology HIV Infections/*immunology *hiv-1 Humans Immunologic Memory/*immunology
R. B. Effros (2003). Replicative senescence: the final stage of memory T cell differentiation?. Curr HIV Res, 1(2), 153-65.
Journal Article
Cervical human papillomavirus infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in women positive for human immunodeficiency virus in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy
Curr Opin Oncol
2003
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12960521
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer. Women who are positive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have been shown to be at increased risk for cervicovaginal HPV infection and CIN, and cervical cancer is an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-defining illness. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent studies of cervical HPV infection and CIN in HIV-positive women and to describe the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on the course of CIN. RELEVANT FINDINGS: HIV-positive women have a higher prevalence of cervical HPV infection than HIV-negative women, and HPV infection is more persistent in the HIV-positive population. The incidence of high-grade CIN is increased in HIV-positive women. HAART has not been shown to affect HPV detection, and data on its effect on the natural history of CIN are mixed. Some studies show no effect of HAART
10.1097/00001622-200309000-00007
12960521
*Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia/epidemiology/*virology Female HIV Infections/*complications Humans Papillomavirus Infections/*complications Prevalence Risk Factors Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/epidemiology/*virology
J. M. Palefsky (2003). Cervical human papillomavirus infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in women positive for human immunodeficiency virus in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Curr Opin Oncol, 15(5), 382-8.
Journal Article
HIV infection: genetics
Encyclopedia of the Human Genome
2003
category: genetics genetics Genome Hiv HIV infection Human infection
Book Section
In vitro senescence of immune cells
Exp Gerontol
2003
Nov-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14698803
Immune cells are eminently suitable model systems in which to address the possible role of replicative senescence during in vivo aging. Since there are more than 10(8) unique antigen specificities present within the total T lymphocyte population of each individual, the immune response to any single antigen requires massive clonal expansion of the small proportion of T cells whose receptors recognize that antigen. The Hayflick Limit may, therefore, constitute a barrier to effective immune function, at least for those T cells that encounter their specific antigen more than once over the life course. Application of the fibroblast replicative senescence model to the so-called cytotoxic or CD8 T cell, the class of T cells that controls viral infection and cancer, has revealed certain features in common with other cell types as well as several characteristics that are unique to T cells. One senescence-associated change that is T cell-specific is the complete loss of expression of the activat
10.1016/j.exger.2003.09.004
14698803
Aging/immunology Cell Division/immunology Cells, Cultured Cellular Senescence/*immunology Humans T-Lymphocyte Subsets/*physiology Telomerase/immunology
R. B. D. Effros, M., Valenzuela, H. F. (2003). In vitro senescence of immune cells. Exp Gerontol, 38(12-Nov), 1243-9.
Journal Article
The -1030/-862-linked TNF promoter single-nucleotide polymorphisms are associated with the inability to control HIV-1 viremia
Immunogenetics
2003
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14517700
Control of HIV-1 viremia and progression to AIDS has been associated with specific HLA genes. The tumor necrosis factor ( TNF) and the non-classical major histocompatibility (MHC) class I chain-related A ( MICA) genes are located in the genomic segment between the HLA class I and II genes and variants of both genes have been identified. We thus analyzed TNF promoter and MICA variants in a well-characterized group of HIV-1 infected individuals with different abilities to control HIV-1 viremia. In our cohort, the -1030/-862-linked TNF promoter single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), but not MICA variants, are significantly associated with lack of control of HIV-1 viremia ( P=0.03). This association is independent of those HLA-B35 alleles associated with HIV-1 disease progression with which the -862 TNF SNP has previously been independently associated. Thus, non-randomly associated genes near the TNF locus are likely involved in control of HIV-1 viremia.
10.1007/s00251-003-0604-7
14517700
HIV Infections/metabolism HIV-1/*metabolism Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/genetics/metabolism Host-Parasite Interactions/*genetics/physiology Humans Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide *Promoter Regions, Genetic Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/*genetics/metabolism
J. C. L. Delgado, J. Y., Baena, A., Clavijo, O. P., Vittinghoff, E., Buchbinder, S., Wolinsky, S., Addo, M., Walker, B. D., Yunis, E. J., Goldfeld, A. E. (2003). The -1030/-862-linked TNF promoter single-nucleotide polymorphisms are associated with the inability to control HIV-1 viremia. Immunogenetics, 55(7), 497-501.
Journal Article
Haplotype diversity in the interleukin-4 gene is not associated with HIV-1 transmission and AIDS progression
Immunogenetics
2003
Jun-03
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12715242
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a pleiotropic cytokine produced primarily by activated CD4(+) T lymphocytes, mast cells, and basophils. It modulates the functions of a variety of cell types involved with the immune response. This cytokine differentially regulates two major HIV-1 coreceptors and activates viral expression, and is thus a reasonable candidate gene for analyses in HIV-1/AIDS cohort studies. Population genetic variation in five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 5' region of the IL-4 gene was assessed in five racial groups. Neutrality tests reveal that the populations are evolving in accord with the infinite-sites model. However, coalescent simulations suggest greater haplotype diversity among African Americans than expected. This increased variation is presumably attributable to recombination or gene conversion. Genetic epidemiological analyses were conducted among European American and African American participants enrolled in five USA-based HIV-1/AIDS cohorts. One SNP
10.1007/s00251-003-0541-5
12715242
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome AIDS cancer category: genetics Caucasoid Race cells cohort Cohort Studies cohort study cytokine genetics Haplotypes Hiv-1 HIV-1 infection HIV Infections Human immune immune response infection Interleukin-4 lymphocyte Lymphocytes model Negroid Race physiopathology Polymorphism,Single-Stranded Conformational Polymorphism,Single Nucleotide population progression research response study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. T-Lymphocytes t lymphocytes transmission
W. S. O. B. Modi, T.R., Vlahov, D., Buchbinder, S., Gomperts, E., Phair, J., O'Brien, S.J., Winkler, C. (2003). Haplotype diversity in the interleukin-4 gene is not associated with HIV-1 transmission and AIDS progression. Immunogenetics, 55(3), 157-164.
Journal Article
Problems and solutions to the development of vaccines in the elderly
Immunol Allergy Clin North Am
2003
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12645877
Scientists involved in vaccine research and development face the challenge of protecting the ever-increasing elderly population from a broad spectrum of infectious diseases. The optimal vaccine-induced immune response to confer protection is undefined for many pathogens, and the field of vaccine research is undergoing a gradual shift from the original focus on humoral immunity to a focus that incorporates cellular and innate immune components. The age-related changes in various aspects of immune function, including an increase in a population of T cells that shows signs of replicative senescence, underscore the need to enhance research aimed at designing vaccines to meet the unique requirements of the elderly population.
10.1016/s0889-8561(02)00055-3
12645877
Aged Aged, 80 and over Aging/*immunology Animals Humans Immune System Vaccination Vaccines/*immunology
R. B. Effros (2003). Problems and solutions to the development of vaccines in the elderly. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am, 23(1), 41-55.
Journal Article
The complexity of HLA class II (DRB1, DQB1, DM) associations with disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection among HIV-1-seropositive whites
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2003
6/1/2003
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12794545
Earlier associations of polymorphism in classic HLA class II (DRB1 and DQB1) genes have been extended to include the accessory genes DMA and DMB as determinants of disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (DMAC) infection among HIV-1-seropositive whites. From the Multicenter AIDS Cohort study, 176 DMAC cases were matched with 176 controls in a nested case-control study. PCR-based HLA genotyping techniques were used to resolve variants of DRB1 and DQB1 to their four-digit or five-digit alleles, and single-strand conformation polymorphism was used to resolve sequences in exon 3 at each DM locus. The DMA*0102 allele occurred less frequently among DMAC cases than among controls (OR = 0.46, p =.02). Combinations of DRB1 alleles with or without specific DMA and DMB variants showed significant differences in distributions between the cases and controls, but both of the previously associated class II alleles (DRB1*1501 and DRB1*0701) showed stronger positive associations with DMAC in the absen
10.1097/00126334-200306010-00004
12794545
AIDS AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections Alleles Antigens Case-Control Studies category: genetics Caucasoid Race cohort Cohort Studies cohort study control Disease effects epidemiology genetics Haplotypes Hiv-1 HIV Seropositivity HLA HLA-D Antigens HLA-DQ Antigens HLA-DR HLA-DR Antigens Human immunology infection Male multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Multicenter Studies Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection Mycobacterium avium Complex study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. United States Urban Population Variation (Genetics) Whites
E. L. Naik, S., Tang, J., Jacobson, L.P., Kaslow, R.A. (2003). The complexity of HLA class II (DRB1, DQB1, DM) associations with disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection among HIV-1-seropositive whites. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 33(2), 140-145.
Journal Article
Protease inhibitor use and the incidence of diabetes mellitus in a large cohort of HIV-infected women
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2003
1-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12626890
OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between protease inhibitor (PI) use and the incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) among participants in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. DESIGN: Prospective multicenter cohort study. The diagnosis of DM was based on self-report at semiannual interviews conducted from 1994 to 1998. SETTING: Six inner-city clinical sites in the United States (Brooklyn, NY; Bronx, NY; Washington, DC; Chicago, IL; San Francisco, CA; and Los Angeles, CA). PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1785 nonpregnant women who had no history of prior DM. The women made up four groups: 1) PI users (n = 609, person-years [PY] at risk = 707); 2) reverse transcriptase inhibitor (RTI)-only users (n = 932, PY = 1486); 3) HIV-infected women reporting no antiretroviral therapy (ART) ever (n = 816, PY = 1480); and 4) HIV-uninfected women (n = 350, PY = 905). MAIN OUTCOMES: Incidence of DM and median body mass index (BMI) from 1995 to 1998 were compared among the four groups. RESULTS: Sixty-nine incid
10.1097/00126334-200303010-00009
12626890
Adult Cohort Studies Comorbidity Diabetes Mellitus/chemically induced/*epidemiology Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*epidemiology Humans Incidence Interviews as Topic Multivariate Analysis Protease Inhibitors/adverse effects/*therapeutic use Risk Factors United States/epidemiology
J. E. B. Justman, L., Danoff, A., Minkoff, H., Levine, A., Greenblatt, R. M., Weber, K., Piessens, E., Robison, E., Anastos, K. (2003). Protease inhibitor use and the incidence of diabetes mellitus in a large cohort of HIV-infected women. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 32(3), 298-302.
Journal Article
C-reactive protein is an independent predictor of mortality in women with HIV-1 infection
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2003
1-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12571532
The relationship of C-reactive protein (CRP) to mortality was assessed in 209 HIV-1-infected women after adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), serum albumin, CD4 cell lymphocyte count, and HIV-1 RNA. During the follow-up period of up to 5 years (median = 45 months) there were 49 deaths. CRP at study enrollment was measured using a low sensitivity assay. CRP levels were only weakly correlated (Pearson correlation coefficient r < .2) with other predictors of mortality. CRP was a powerful predictor of mortality (p < .01) after adjusting for age, BMI, serum albumin, CD4 cell lymphocytes, and HIV-1 RNA. The relative hazard associated with an elevated CRP level, independent of the covariates noted above, varied from 3.4- to 13.6-fold depending on how CRP values were grouped. CRP may be a useful and inexpensive predictor of HIV disease mortality in women.
10.1097/00126334-200302010-00014
12571532
Adult Biomarkers/blood C-Reactive Protein/*analysis Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/*blood/mortality *hiv-1 Humans New York City/epidemiology Prognosis Proportional Hazards Models Survival Analysis
J. G. G. Feldman, P., Holman, S., DeHovitz, J., Minkoff, H. (2003). C-reactive protein is an independent predictor of mortality in women with HIV-1 infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 32(2), 210-4.
Journal Article
Serum albumin is a powerful predictor of survival among HIV-1-infected women
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2003
1-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12792357
BACKGROUND: We previously reported that single measurements of albumin strongly predict survival in HIV-1-infected women independent of disease-specific markers. We now extend this to the use of serial measurements and single albumin values prior to initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study of 1941 women enrolled at six sites in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. RESULTS: Albumin fell 0.44 g/L/y in 1627 women who survived and at a faster rate in 397 who died (1.54 g/L/y; p <.01). In a time-dependent model adjusting for disease markers, the relative hazard (RH) was fivefold higher in patients with serum albumin <35 g/L compared with patients with serum albumin >42 g/L. The RH of serum albumin <35 g/L in women with CD4+ lymphocyte counts > or =200 cells/micro L was 8.2 [95% CI: 4.2-15.8]) versus only 3.8 [95% CI: 2.4-6.1] in those with counts <200 cells/mm3. In a fixed-covariate Cox analysis of patients who started HAART during the study, albumi
10.1097/00126334-200305010-00010
12792357
Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active CD4 Lymphocyte Count Female HIV Infections/*blood/drug therapy/*mortality/virology Humans RNA, Viral/blood Risk Serum Albumin/*analysis Survival Analysis Time Factors
J. G. G. Feldman, S. J., Bacchetti, P., Cohen, M., Young, M., Squires, K. E., Williams, C., Goldwasser, P., Anastos, K. (2003). Serum albumin is a powerful predictor of survival among HIV-1-infected women. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 33(1), 66-73.
Journal Article
Incidence of lipoatrophy and lipohypertrophy in the women's interagency HIV study
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2003
15-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14657755
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence of lipoatrophy and lipohypertrophy among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women from the Women's Interagency HIV Study. DESIGN: Eight hundred fifteen women with semiannual data on self-report of bidirectional change in body fat, anthropometric measurements, weight, and bioelectric impedance analysis were included in a 30-month incidence analysis. METHODS: Lipoatrophy and lipohypertrophy in both peripheral (arms, legs, and buttocks) and central (waist, chest, and upper back) sites were defined by self-report of either a decrease or an increase in a body fat region over the previous 6 months that was confirmed by a corresponding change in anthropometric measurement. RESULTS: Weight and total body fat increased in HIV-uninfected women but remained stable in HIV-infected women over 30 months. Among HIV-infected women, the incidence of peripheral (relative hazard, 2.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-3.3) and central (relative hazard, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.2-2
10.1097/00126334-200312150-00003
14657755
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/pathology Adipose Tissue/*anatomy & histology/*pathology Adult Atrophy Body Height Body Weight Continental Population Groups Female HIV Infections/*pathology HIV Seronegativity HIV Seropositivity/pathology HIV-1/genetics/isolation & purification Humans Hypertrophy Incidence Middle Aged Organ Size Time Factors United States
P. C. C. Tien, S. R., Williams, C. M., Li, R., Justman, J. E., Cohen, M. H., Young, M., Rubin, N., Augenbraun, M., Grunfeld, C. (2003). Incidence of lipoatrophy and lipohypertrophy in the women's interagency HIV study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 34(5), 461-6.
Journal Article
Psychosocial risk factors of HIV morbidity and mortality: findings from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS)
J Clin Exp Neuropsychol
2003
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12815503
Despite the use of laboratory markers in estimating HIV prognosis, significant variation in the natural history of HIV-1 infection remains unexplained. Recent studies suggest psychosocial risk factors have important prognostic significance in HIV disease. The objective of the present study was to examine the prognostic influence of age, general intellectual functioning, and emotional distress across the spectrum of HIV disease progression. The study sample was drawn from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), a 13-year, prospective study of HIV-seropositive men recruited from four study centers across the country. The participants were 1,231 HIV-seropositive MACS participants, followed from baseline (median 8/15/87) to the end of the observation period (12/15/98). HIV disease progression was evaluated with respect to three outcome measures: (1) number of years from baseline testing to the first AIDS defining illness (progression to AIDS), (2) years from baseline to HIV-dementia (pro
10.1076/jcen.25.5.654.14577
12815503
AIDS Dementia Complex/*epidemiology Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*epidemiology Adult Age Factors Aged Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes Cognition Cohort Studies Comorbidity Depression/epidemiology Disease Progression HIV Infections/drug therapy/epidemiology/*psychology Humans Male Middle Aged Population Surveillance Proportional Hazards Models Risk Factors Severity of Illness Index Stress, Psychological/*epidemiology Survival Analysis United States/epidemiology
R. M. Farinpour, E. N., Satz, P., Selnes, O. A., Cohen, B. A., Becker, J. T., Skolasky, R. L., Jr., Visscher, B. R. (2003). Psychosocial risk factors of HIV morbidity and mortality: findings from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). J Clin Exp Neuropsychol, 25(5), 654-70.
Journal Article
Epitope escape mutation and decay of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific CTL responses
J Immunol
2003
15-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14607940
To investigate possible mechanisms behind HIV-1 escape from CTL, we performed detailed longitudinal analysis of Gag (SLYNTVATL)- and RT (ILKEPVHGV)-specific CTL responses and plasma epitope sequences in five individuals. Among those with CTL against consensus epitope sequences, epitope mutations developed over several years, invariably followed by decay of the CTL targeting the consensus epitopes. The maturation state of the CTL varied among individuals and appeared to affect the rate of epitope mutation and CTL decay, despite similar IFN-gamma production. Escape mutations were oligoclonal, suggesting fitness constraints. The timing of escape indicated that the net selective advantage of escape mutants was slight, further underscoring the importance of understanding factors determining selective pressure and viral fitness in vivo. Our data show surprisingly consistent decay of CTL responses after epitope escape mutation and provide insight into potential mechanisms for both immune fail
10.4049/jimmunol.171.10.5372
14607940
Adult Amino Acid Sequence CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/pathology/virology Cell Differentiation/genetics/immunology *Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/genetics Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/*genetics/immunology Evolution, Molecular Gene Products, gag/genetics/immunology Gene Products, pol/genetics/immunology Genetic Variation/immunology HIV Seropositivity/genetics/immunology/virology HIV-1/*genetics/*immunology Humans Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis Lymphocyte Count Male Molecular Sequence Data *Mutation Peptide Fragments/genetics/immunology Phylogeny Sequence Alignment T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*immunology/pathology/*virology
B. D. Y. Jamieson, O. O., Hultin, L., Hausner, M. A., Hultin, P., Matud, J., Kunstman, K., Killian, S., Altman, J., Kommander, K., Korber, B., Giorgi, J., Wolinsky, S. (2003). Epitope escape mutation and decay of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific CTL responses. J Immunol, 171(10), 5372-9.
Journal Article
Optimization of methods to assess human mucosal T-cell responses to HIV infection
J Immunol Methods
2003
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12969544
The majority of HIV-1 infections occur via sexual transmission at mucosal epithelia lining the vagina, cervix or rectum. Mucosal tissues also serve as viral reservoirs. However, our knowledge of human mucosal T-cell responses is limited. There is a need for reliable, sensitive, and reproducible methods for assessing mucosal immunity. Here we report on the collaborative efforts of two laboratories to optimize methods for processing, culturing, and analyzing mucosal lymphocytes. Rectal biopsy tissue was obtained by flexible sigmoidoscopy, which is rapid, minimally invasive, and well tolerated. Of the four methods compared for isolating mucosal mononuclear cells (MMC), collagenase digestion reproducibly yielded the most lymphocytes (4-7 x 10(6)). Furthermore, 0.5-1 x 10(6) MMC could be polyclonally expanded to yield 17 x 10(6) CD8+ T cells allowing mapping of responses to overlapping peptides spanning the HIV-1 genome using IFN-gamma enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot). Expansion also redu
10.1016/s0022-1759(03)00255-2
12969544
CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology Cytokines/immunology Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology Flow Cytometry/methods HIV Infections/*immunology HIV-1/*immunology Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/immunology Humans Immunologic Techniques Mucous Membrane/*immunology T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
B. L. Y. Shacklett, O., Hausner, M. A., Elliott, J., Hultin, L., Price, C., Fuerst, M., Matud, J., Hultin, P., Cox, C., Ibarrondo, J., Wong, J. T., Nixon, D. F., Anton, P. A., Jamieson, B. D. (2003). Optimization of methods to assess human mucosal T-cell responses to HIV infection. J Immunol Methods, 279(2-Jan), 17-31.
Journal Article
Correlates of immune activation marker changes in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive and high-risk HIV-seronegative women who use illicit drugs
J Infect Dis
2003
15-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12854075
The majority of natural history studies of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have immune and viral parameters in men. Data demonstrating that women have lower HIV-1 RNA levels than men at the same CD4 cell counts have raised the question of immunologic differences in HIV-seropositive women. This study describes levels and changes in phenotypic markers of immune maturity, function, and activation in the CD4 and CD8 cell subsets in HIV-seropositive and high-risk HIV-seronegative women. Our primary hypothesis was that activation levels would be significantly higher among illicit drug users. However, results showed that HIV-1 RNA level was the strongest predictor of marker level and that both HIV-1 RNA level and CD4 cell count were independently associated with CD4 activation, but illicit drug use was not. In summary, this study demonstrated that immune activation was a significant pathogenic feature in women and that activation was driven by HIV infection and not illicit drug u
10.1086/376509
12854075
PMC3164115
Biomarkers/*blood CD4 Lymphocyte Count CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology Female HIV Infections/blood/*immunology HIV-1/genetics/isolation & purification Humans Lymphocyte Activation RNA, Viral/blood Risk Factors Sex Factors Substance-Related Disorders/blood/*immunology
A. B. Landay, L., Bremer, J., Weiser, B., Burger, H., Nowicki, M., Kovacs, A. (2003). Correlates of immune activation marker changes in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive and high-risk HIV-seronegative women who use illicit drugs. J Infect Dis, 188(2), 209-18. PMC3164115
Journal Article
Association of polymorphisms in human leukocyte antigen class I and transporter associated with antigen processing genes with resistance to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection
J Infect Dis
2003
1-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12717621
To examine the relationship of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) genes with resistance to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, 100 HIV-seronegative men who had been exposed repeatedly to HIV-1 were compared with 184 men who had seroconverted to HIV positive and had lower risk. In the univariate analysis, the HLA-A2 supertype, excluding A*0201 (HLA-A2/6802 supertype; odds ratio [OR], 4.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.33-4.84; P=.009) was associated with resistance to HIV-1 infection; the effect was the result of the presence of the A*0205 subgroup alleles. Susceptibility was associated in univariate analysis with the B*35 Px alleles (OR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.08-0.99; P=.037), which suggests that differential preferences for amino acids at the C terminus may influence peptide-binding capacity. TAP2 Ala665 was also associated with resistance (OR, 2.26; 95% CI, 1.35-3.79; P=.002), perhaps because of its higher ef
10.1086/374394
12717621
ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 2 ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/genetics Adult Cohort Studies Genetic Predisposition to Disease Genotype HIV Infections/*genetics/*immunology HIV Seropositivity/genetics/immunology Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/*genetics/*immunology Humans Male Multivariate Analysis *Polymorphism, Genetic
C. C. Liu, M., Kaslow, R. A., Gao, X., Rinaldo, C. R., Jacobson, L. P., Margolick, J. B., Phair, J., O'Brien, S. J., Detels, R. (2003). Association of polymorphisms in human leukocyte antigen class I and transporter associated with antigen processing genes with resistance to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. J Infect Dis, 187(9), 1404-10.
Journal Article
Influence of human leukocyte antigen-B22 alleles on the course of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in 3 cohorts of white men
J Infect Dis
2003
15-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12964117
The human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B22 serogroup--which consists of the alleles B*54, B*55, and B*56--has been associated with rapidly progressive disease in white patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Subjects from 3 cohorts of men who have sex with men (N=671), all of whom experienced HIV-1 seroconversion at roughly the same time, were molecularly typed at HLA-A, -B, and -C loci. Mean HIV RNA loads during early HIV infection were higher in B22-positive men than in B22-negative men (difference, 0.481 log(10) HIV RNA copies/mL; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.156-0.806 log(10) HIV RNA copies/mL; P=.004). Independent of accepted markers of progression, time-to-AIDS was shorter in B22-positive seroconverters (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.27-3.10; P=.003). White B22 serogroup alleles (B*55 and *56) appear to predispose to unfavorable outcome of HIV infection as strongly as some or all B*35 and B*53 alleles. This finding may have greater implications for Asia
10.1086/378071
12964117
Adult Alleles Cohort Studies Disease Progression *European Continental Ancestry Group *Genetic Predisposition to Disease HIV Infections/*genetics/*physiopathology HIV-1/pathogenicity HLA-B Antigens/*genetics Histocompatibility Testing Humans Male Proportional Hazards Models RNA, Viral/blood Viral Load
M. T. T. Dorak, J., Tang, S., Penman-Aguilar, A., Coutinho, R. A., Goedert, J. J., Detels, R., Kaslow, R. A. (2003). Influence of human leukocyte antigen-B22 alleles on the course of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in 3 cohorts of white men. J Infect Dis, 188(6), 856-63.
Journal Article
A tumor necrosis factor-alpha-inducible promoter variant of interferon-gamma accelerates CD4+ T cell depletion in human immunodeficiency virus-1-infected individuals
J Infect Dis
2003
15-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12854077
A polymorphism, -179G/T, in the promoter of the interferon (IFN)-gamma gene (IFNG) confers differential tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) inducibility to the IFNG promoter. The rarer allele, -179T, but not -179G, is inducible by TNF-alpha. We investigated the effects of IFNG -179G/T on AIDS pathogenesis. In 298 African American human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 seroconverters, the IFNG -179G/T genotype was associated with accelerated progression to CD4 <200 and AIDS-1993, a finding suggesting that IFNG -179T is a risk factor for AIDS progression, as measured by CD4 cell count. It is possible that increased IFN-gamma production induced by TNF-alpha when -179T is present causes CD4 cell depletion by apoptosis.
10.1086/376455
12854077
Adult Alleles Apoptosis CD4 Lymphocyte Count CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/*pathology Disease Progression Female Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects Genotype HIV Infections/*genetics/*immunology/pathology Hiv-1 Humans Interferon-gamma/*genetics/*immunology Male Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics Promoter Regions, Genetic/*genetics Proportional Hazards Models Survival Analysis Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/*pharmacology
P. V. An, D., Margolick, J. B., Phair, J., O'Brien, T. R., Lautenberger, J., O'Brien, S. J., Winkler, C. A. (2003). A tumor necrosis factor-alpha-inducible promoter variant of interferon-gamma accelerates CD4+ T cell depletion in human immunodeficiency virus-1-infected individuals. J Infect Dis, 188(2), 228-31.
Journal Article
Serum immunoglobulin G response to human papillomavirus type 16 virus-like particles in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and risk-matched HIV-negative women
J Infect Dis
2003
15-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12552444
Baseline serum samples from 2815 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and 963 HIV-negative women enrolled in 2 cohort studies were tested for immunoglobulin G antibodies to human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) capsids. HPV-16 seropositivity was associated with lifetime number of sex partners (P<.001) among both HIV-positive and HIV-negative women. Approximately 50%-60% of HPV-16 DNA-positive women were HPV-16 positive. HPV-16 seropositivity was associated with HIV infection; however, after adjustment for baseline cervical HPV infection and disease, the association disappeared. Thus, the high seroprevalence of HPV-16 among HIV-positive women may be explained by a high prevalence of HPV of all types. Approximately 50% of HIV-positive women had serological evidence of prior HPV-16 infection, but only approximately 5% had an HPV-16 cervical infection at baseline. Despite the higher prevalence of HPV infection in this group, most HIV-positive women are able to control HPV-16 replica
10.1086/346052
12552444
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/complications/immunology/virology Adult Antibodies, Viral/*immunology CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Female HIV Infections/*complications/*immunology Humans Immunoglobulin G/*immunology Logistic Models Papillomaviridae/*immunology Papillomavirus Infections/*complications/diagnosis/*immunology/virology Risk Factors Tumor Virus Infections/complications/diagnosis/immunology/virology Vaginal Smears Virus Activation
R. P. A.-G. Viscidi, L., Clayman, B., Fox, K., Massad, L. S., Cu-Uvin, S., Shah, K. V., Anastos, K. M., Squires, K. E., Duerr, A., Jamieson, D. J., Burk, R. D., Klein, R. S., Minkoff, H., Palefsky, J., Strickler, H., Schuman, P., Piessens, E., Miotti, P. (2003). Serum immunoglobulin G response to human papillomavirus type 16 virus-like particles in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and risk-matched HIV-negative women. J Infect Dis, 187(2), 194-205.
Journal Article
Serum immunoglobulin A response to human papillomavirus type 16 virus-like particles in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and high-risk HIV-negative women
J Infect Dis
2003
15-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14673762
Serum samples from 2008 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and 551 HIV-negative women were tested for immunoglobulin A (IgA) to human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 capsids. IgA seropositivity was lower than previously reported IgG seropositivity (7% vs. 51%), but, like IgG antibodies, HPV 16 IgA was associated with sexual behavior, cervicovaginal HPV 16 DNA, and cytological abnormalities. IgA seropositivity was higher in HIV-positive women than in HIV-negative women (7.7% vs. 4.9%; P=.02), but the association was lost after adjustment for HPV 16 cervicovaginal infection. IgA, but not IgG, seropositivity was associated with progression to high-grade cytological abnormalities (relative hazard [RH], 2.2 [95% confidence interval, 1.2-4.2]), raising the possibility that an IgA response to HPV 16, as described for other DNA viruses, may be a marker of persistent viral replication. The risk of incident infection with non-16-related HPV types was increased in IgA seropositive women (RH
10.1086/379975
14673762
Antibodies, Viral/*blood Capsid/immunology Cervix Uteri/pathology/virology Cohort Studies Confidence Intervals DNA, Viral/analysis Female HIV Infections/*complications Humans Immunoglobulin A/*blood Immunoglobulin G/blood Odds Ratio Papillomaviridae/genetics/*immunology/isolation & purification Papillomavirus Infections/*complications/pathology/virology Risk Factors Seroepidemiologic Studies United States Vagina/pathology/virology Vaginal Smears
R. P. A.-G. Viscidi, L., Schneider, M. F., Clayman, B., Massad, L. S., Anastos, K. M., Burk, R. D., Minkoff, H., Palefsky, J., Levine, A., Strickler, H. (2003). Serum immunoglobulin A response to human papillomavirus type 16 virus-like particles in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and high-risk HIV-negative women. J Infect Dis, 188(12), 1834-44.
Journal Article
CC chemokine receptor 5 genotype and susceptibility to transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in women
J Infect Dis
2003
15-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12599073
The human gene for CC chemokine receptor 5, a coreceptor for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), affects susceptibility to infection. Most studies of predominantly male cohorts found that individuals carrying a homozygous deleted form of the gene, Delta 32, were protected against transmission, but protection did not extend to Delta 32 heterozygotes. The role played by this mutation in HIV-1 transmission to women was studied in 2605 participants in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. The Delta 32 gene frequency was 0.026 for HIV-1-seropositive women and 0.040 for HIV-1-seronegative women, and statistical analyses showed that Delta 32 heterozygotes were significantly less likely to be infected (odds ratio, 0.63 [95% confidence interval, 0.44-0.90]). The CCR5 Delta 32 heterozygous genotype may confer partial protection against HIV-1 infection in women. Because Delta 32 is rare in Africans and Asians, it seems plausible that differential genetic susceptibility, in addition to socia
10.1086/367995
12599073
PMC3319124
Cohort Studies *Disease Transmission, Infectious Female Gene Deletion *Gene Frequency *Genetic Predisposition to Disease HIV Infections/*genetics/*transmission HIV Seropositivity/genetics/transmission *HIV-1/immunology Heterozygote Humans Receptors, CCR5/*genetics United States Urban Population
S. W. Philpott, B., Tarwater, P., Vermund, S. H., Kleeberger, C. A., Gange, S. J., Anastos, K., Cohen, M., Greenblatt, R. M., Kovacs, A., Minkoff, H., Young, M. A., Miotti, P., Dupuis, M., Chen, C. H., Burger, H. (2003). CC chemokine receptor 5 genotype and susceptibility to transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in women. J Infect Dis, 187(4), 569-75. PMC3319124
Journal Article
Priming of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific CD8+ T cell responses by dendritic cells loaded with HIV-1 proteins
J Infect Dis
2003
15-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12552458
Proteins may serve as ideal CD8(+) T cell immunogens for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) if they can be delivered to and processed through the human leukocyte antigen class I pathway. This study shows that human blood monocyte-derived dendritic cells loaded with liposome-complexed HIV-1 proteins and matured with CD40 ligand can prime CD8(+) T cells to HIV-1 in vitro. Whole HIV-1 protein in liposome may be an effective immunogen for HIV-1 vaccine protocols.
10.1086/346054
12552458
AIDS Vaccines/administration & dosage/immunology CD40 Ligand CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology Cell Membrane Cells, Cultured Dendritic Cells/*immunology/*virology HIV Antigens/administration & dosage/*immunology HIV-1/*immunology Humans Liposomes *Lymphocyte Activation Phosphatidylethanolamines
X. L. F. Huang, Z., Zheng, L., Borowski, L., Li, H., Thomas, E. K., Hildebrand, W. H., Zhao, X. Q., Rinaldo, C. R., Jr. (2003). Priming of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific CD8+ T cell responses by dendritic cells loaded with HIV-1 proteins. J Infect Dis, 187(2), 315-9.
Journal Article
Human papillomavirus type 16 and immune status in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive women
J Natl Cancer Inst
2003
16-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12865452
BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 is etiologically associated with approximately half of all cervical cancers. It is important, therefore, to determine the characteristics that distinguish HPV16 from other HPV types. A preliminary result based on cross-sectional baseline data in the Women's Interagency Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Study (WIHS) suggested that the prevalence of HPV16 might have a weaker association with immune status in HIV-seropositive women than that of other HPV types. To address this issue, we examined HPV test results from repeated study visits in the WIHS and from an independent study, the HIV Epidemiology Research Study (HERS). METHODS: HIV-seropositive women in the WIHS (n = 2058) and in the HERS (n = 871) were assessed semiannually. HPV DNA was detected in cervicovaginal lavage specimens by using polymerase chain reaction assays. Prevalence ratios were used to compare the prevalence of each HPV type in women with the lowest CD4+ T-cell counts
10.1093/jnci/95.14.1062
12865452
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/*immunology/*virology Adolescent Adult Aged CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism Cohort Studies DNA Probes, HPV DNA, Viral/isolation & purification Female Follow-Up Studies HIV Seropositivity/*immunology/virology Humans Incidence Lymphocyte Count Middle Aged Papillomaviridae/genetics/*isolation & purification Papillomavirus Infections/*immunology/virology Polymerase Chain Reaction Prevalence Tumor Virus Infections/*immunology/virology
H. D. P. Strickler, J. M., Shah, K. V., Anastos, K., Klein, R. S., Minkoff, H., Duerr, A., Massad, L. S., Celentano, D. D., Hall, C., Fazzari, M., Cu-Uvin, S., Bacon, M., Schuman, P., Levine, A. M., Durante, A. J., Gange, S., Melnick, S., Burk, R. D. (2003). Human papillomavirus type 16 and immune status in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive women. J Natl Cancer Inst, 95(14), 1062-71.
Journal Article
Human immunodeficiency virus-associated dementia: an evolving disease
J Neurovirol
2003
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12707851
This article reviews the changing epidemiology of HIV-associated dementia, current concepts of the different patterns of dementia under the influence of highly active antiretroviral therapy, and reviews therapeutic aspects.
10.1080/13550280390194109
12707851
AIDS Dementia Complex/*diagnosis/*drug therapy/epidemiology *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Humans Incidence Prevalence
J. C. H. McArthur, N., Gartner, S., Conant, K., Pardo, C., Nath, A., Sacktor, N. (2003). Human immunodeficiency virus-associated dementia: an evolving disease. J Neurovirol, 9(2), 205-21.
Journal Article
Comprehensive analysis of class I and class II HLA antigens and chronic hepatitis B virus infection
J Virol
2003
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14581545
Following an acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, clearance or persistence is determined in part by the vigor and breadth of the host immune response. Since the human leukocyte antigen system (HLA) is an integral component of the immune response, we hypothesized that the highly polymorphic HLA genes are key determinants of viral clearance. HLA class I and II genes were molecularly typed in 194 Caucasian individuals with viral persistence and 342 matched controls who had cleared the virus. A single class I allele, A*0301 (odds ratio [OR], 0.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.30 to 0.72; P = 0.0005) was associated with viral clearance. The class II allele DRB1*1302 was also associated with clearance (OR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.19 to 0.93; P = 0.03), but its significance decreased in a multivariate model that included other alleles associated with disease outcome as covariates. B*08 was associated with viral persistence both independently (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.04 to 2.43; P = 0.03) and as pa
10.1128/jvi.77.22.12083-12087.2003
14581545
PMC254245
Adult Alleles *Genes, MHC Class I *Genes, MHC Class II Haplotypes Hepatitis B, Chronic/genetics/*immunology Heterozygote Humans
C. L. T. Thio, D. L., Karacki, P., Gao, X., Marti, D., Kaslow, R. A., Goedert, J. J., Hilgartner, M., Strathdee, S. A., Duggal, P., O'Brien, S. J., Astemborski, J., Carrington, M. (2003). Comprehensive analysis of class I and class II HLA antigens and chronic hepatitis B virus infection. J Virol, 77(22), 12083-7. PMC254245
Journal Article
Improved coreceptor usage prediction and genotypic monitoring of R5-to-X4 transition by motif analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 env V3 loop sequences
J Virol
2003
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14645592
Early in infection, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) generally uses the CCR5 chemokine receptor (along with CD4) for cellular entry. In many HIV-1-infected individuals, viral genotypic changes arise that allow the virus to use CXCR4 (either in addition to CCR5 or alone) as an entry coreceptor. This switch has been associated with an acceleration of both CD3(+) T-cell decline and progression to AIDS. While it is well known that the V3 loop of gp120 largely determines coreceptor usage and that positively charged residues in V3 play an important role, the process of genetic change in V3 leading to altered coreceptor usage is not well understood. Further, the methods for biological phenotyping of virus for research or clinical purposes are laborious, depend on sample availability, and present biosafety concerns, so reliable methods for sequence-based "virtual phenotyping" are desirable. We introduce a simple bioinformatic method of scoring V3 amino acid sequences that reliably p
10.1128/jvi.77.24.13376-13388.2003
14645592
PMC296044
Computational Biology/*methods Evolution, Molecular Genotype HIV Envelope Protein gp120/chemistry/*genetics HIV Infections/*virology HIV-1/*classification/genetics/metabolism Humans Molecular Sequence Data Peptide Fragments/chemistry/*genetics Phenotype Phylogeny Predictive Value of Tests Receptors, CCR5/*metabolism Receptors, CXCR4/*metabolism Sequence Analysis, DNA
M. A. L. Jensen, F. S., van 't Wout, A. B., Nickle, D. C., Shriner, D., He, H. X., McLaughlin, S., Shankarappa, R., Margolick, J. B., Mullins, J. I. (2003). Improved coreceptor usage prediction and genotypic monitoring of R5-to-X4 transition by motif analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 env V3 loop sequences. J Virol, 77(24), 13376-88. PMC296044
Journal Article
Differential impairment of lytic and cytokine functions in senescent human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes
J Virol
2003
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12584333
Telomere length is abnormally short in the CD8(+) T-cell compartment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected persons, likely because of chronic cell turnover. Although clonal exhaustion of CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) has been proposed as a mechanism for loss of antigen-specific responses, the functional consequences of exhaustion are poorly understood. Here we used telomerase transduction to evaluate the impact of senescence on CTL effector functions. Constitutive expression of telomerase in an HIV-1-specific CTL clone results in enhanced proliferative capacity, in agreement with prior studies of other human cell types. Whereas the CTL remain phenotypically normal in terms of antigenic specificity and requirements for proliferation, their cytolytic and antiviral capabilities are superior to those of control CTL. In contrast, their ability to produce gamma interferon and RANTES is essentially unchanged. The selective enhancement of cytolytic function in memory C
10.1128/jvi.77.5.3077-3083.2003
12584333
PMC149786
Cytokines/*metabolism Cytotoxicity, Immunologic DNA-Binding Proteins HIV-1/immunology/*pathogenicity Humans *Lymphocyte Activation T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/enzymology/immunology/*pathology Telomerase/genetics/*metabolism Telomere Transduction, Genetic
M. N. Dagarag, H., Lubong, R., Effros, R. B., Yang, O. O. (2003). Differential impairment of lytic and cytokine functions in senescent human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. J Virol, 77(5), 3077-83. PMC149786
Journal Article
Impact of HIV infection and HAART on serum lipids in men
JAMA
2003
11-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12799406
CONTEXT: Alterations in serum lipid values have been widely reported among persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), but no data have yet been reported on changes from preseroconversion lipid values. OBJECTIVE: To describe changes in serum cholesterol levels associated with HIV infection and antiretroviral medication exposure, and 1-time assessment of triglyceride levels post-HAART initiation. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, a prospective study in which homosexual and bisexual men were enrolled and from which 50 of 517 HIV seroconverters were drawn for the analysis herein, who later initiated HAART, involving measurements of stored serum samples obtained between 1984 and 2002. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in levels of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) at 6 time points during an averag
10.1001/jama.289.22.2978
12799406
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*pharmacology/therapeutic use Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Cholesterol, HDL/blood Cholesterol, LDL/blood HIV Infections/*blood/*drug therapy HIV Seropositivity/blood/drug therapy Hiv-1 Humans Lipids/*blood Male Regression Analysis Triglycerides/blood
S. A. S. Riddler, E., Cole, S. R., Li, R., Chmiel, J. S., Dobs, A., Palella, F., Visscher, B., Evans, R., Kingsley, L. A. (2003). Impact of HIV infection and HAART on serum lipids in men. JAMA, 289(22), 2978-82.
Journal Article
Genetic alterations in the ageing immune system: impact on infection and cancer
Mech Ageing Dev
2003
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12618008
The immune system, which is able to distinguish between self and non-self, is programmed to protect the organism from a huge spectrum of potential foreign invaders. Each T and B lymphocyte bears an antigen receptor of a single specificity, which is determined during development by a unique genetic mechanism that generates millions of different variants of the genes encoding the receptor molecules. When a particular antigen, such as a virus, is encountered, only those lymphocytes bearing the relevant receptors become activated and undergo massive clonal expansion. The expanded antigen-specific B cells produce antibodies, which neutralize free virus in the bloodstream, whereas the T cells, particularly the so-called CD8 T cells, actually kill cells that are infected with the virus. Once the infection is cleared, most of the expanded T cells undergo apoptosis, leaving a small number of memory cells to await future possible encounters with the same virus. During ageing, both latent and acu
10.1016/s0047-6374(02)00171-9
12618008
Aged Aging/*genetics/*immunology Apoptosis CD28 Antigens/metabolism Cell Division Cellular Senescence/genetics/immunology Humans Immunologic Memory Infections/*genetics/*immunology Lymphocyte Activation Models, Immunological Neoplasms/*genetics/*immunology T-Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology/enzymology/immunology Telomerase/biosynthesis
R. B. Effros (2003). Genetic alterations in the ageing immune system: impact on infection and cancer. Mech Ageing Dev, 124(1), 71-7.
Journal Article
Advantage of rare HLA supertype in HIV disease progression
Nat Med
2003
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12819779
The highly polymorphic human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules help to determine the specificity and repertoire of the immune response. The great diversity of these antigen-binding molecules confers differential advantages in responding to pathogens, but presents a major obstacle to distinguishing HLA allele-specific effects. HLA class I supertypes provide a functional classification for the many different HLA alleles that overlap in their peptide-binding specificities. We analyzed the association of these discrete HLA supertypes with HIV disease progression rates in a population of HIV-infected men. We found that HLA supertypes alone and in combination conferred a strong differential advantage in responding to HIV infection, independent of the contribution of single HLA alleles that associate with progression of the disease. The correlation of the frequency of the HLA supertypes with viral load suggests that HIV adapts to the most frequent alleles in the population, providing
10.1038/nm893
12819779
Amino Acid Motifs Blood/virology Disease Progression Genetic Predisposition to Disease Genetic Variation HIV Infections/*genetics/*immunology HLA Antigens/*genetics/metabolism Homozygote Humans Male Predictive Value of Tests RNA, Viral/metabolism Viral Proteins/metabolism
E. K. Trachtenberg, B., Sollars, C., Kepler, T. B., Hraber, P. T., Hayes, E., Funkhouser, R., Fugate, M., Theiler, J., Hsu, Y. S., Kunstman, K., Wu, S., Phair, J., Erlich, H., Wolinsky, S. (2003). Advantage of rare HLA supertype in HIV disease progression. Nat Med, 9(7), 928-35.
Journal Article
Response to systemic HIV viral load suppression correlates with psychomotor speed performance
Neurology
2003
26-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12939443
The authors evaluated the association of a virologic response to highly active antiretroviral therapy, or a subsequent rebound, with performance on two measures of psychomotor speed in HIV-positive subjects. Virologic suppression was associated with improved performance on measures of psychomotor speed, and virologic rebound was associated with psychomotor speed performance decline. Changes in plasma HIV viral load in HIV-positive individuals with cognitive slowing correlate with performance on tests of psychomotor speed.
10.1212/01.wnl.0000076477.71313.6e
12939443
AIDS Dementia Complex/drug therapy/psychology/virology Adult *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Disease Progression HIV Infections/*drug therapy/psychology/virology Humans Male Middle Aged Prospective Studies *Psychomotor Performance *Viral Load Viremia/*drug therapy/psychology
N. S. Sacktor, R. L., Tarwater, P. M., McArthur, J. C., Selnes, O. A., Becker, J., Cohen, B., Visscher, B., Miller, E. N., Multicenter, Aids Cohort Study (2003). Response to systemic HIV viral load suppression correlates with psychomotor speed performance. Neurology, 61(4), 567-9.
Journal Article
A 4-year longitudinal evaluation of xerostomia and salivary gland hypofunction in the Women's Interagency HIV Study participants
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod
2003
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12789150
OBJECTIVES: Our purpose was to conduct a longitudinal investigation of xerostomia and salivary gland hypofunction in a national cohort of HIV-positive and at-risk HIV-negative participants in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Study design. Data included responses to a dry mouth questionnaire, clinical evaluations of major salivary glands, and unstimulated and chewing-stimulated whole salivary flow rates. Repeated measures regression models were used to determine factors associated with xerostomia and salivary gland hypofunction. RESULTS: Significant univariate associations were found between HIV status and reports of "too little saliva" (P <.0001), < or = 0.1 mL/min, unstimulated saliva (P =.01), and lack of saliva upon palpation of parotid (P =.02) and submandibular/sublingual salivary glands (P =.03). Adjusted odds of reports of "too little saliva" were significantly higher for HIV-positive participants (odds ratio [OR] = 2.44; 95% CI, 1.49 - 3.97; P =.0004) than for HIV-negative pa
10.1067/moe.2003.230
12789150
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Confidence Intervals Female HIV Infections/*complications/physiopathology HIV Seronegativity HIV Seropositivity/complications/physiopathology Humans Longitudinal Studies Middle Aged Odds Ratio Parotid Gland/metabolism Prospective Studies Regression Analysis Saliva/*metabolism Secretory Rate/physiology Sublingual Gland/metabolism Submandibular Gland/metabolism Xerostomia/*complications/physiopathology
M. M. Navazesh, R., Barron, Y., Redford, M., Greenspan, D., Alves, M., Phelan, J., Women's Interagency, H. I. V. Study participants (2003). A 4-year longitudinal evaluation of xerostomia and salivary gland hypofunction in the Women's Interagency HIV Study participants. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 95(6), 693-8.
Journal Article
HIV-1 in genital tract and plasma of women: compartmentalization of viral sequences, coreceptor usage, and glycosylation
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
2003
28-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14557540
Worldwide, 90% of HIV-1 infections are transmitted heterosexually. Because the genital mucosa are the sites of initial contact with HIV-1 for most exposed individuals, study of the virus from the genital tract is critical for the development of vaccines and therapeutics. Previous analyses of HIV-1 in various tissues have documented compartmentalization of viral genomes. Whether compartmentalization was associated with viral phenotypic differences or immune status, however, was not well understood. We compared HIV-1 gp120 env sequences from the genital tract and plasma of 12 women. Eight women displayed compartmentalized HIV-1 RNA genomes, with viral sequences from each site that were clearly discrete, yet phylogenetically related. The remaining four exhibited env sequences that were intermingled between the two sites. Women with compartmentalized HIV-1 genomes had higher CD4+ cell counts than those displaying intermingled strains (P = 0.02). Intrapatient HIV-1 recombinants comprising s
10.1073/pnas.2134064100
14557540
PMC240729
Adult Base Sequence CD4 Lymphocyte Count Female Genes, env Genitalia, Female/*virology Glycosylation HIV Infections/genetics/immunology/physiopathology HIV-1/classification/genetics/*isolation & purification Humans Male Middle Aged Molecular Sequence Data Phylogeny Receptors, HIV/*physiology Sexual Behavior Smoking Substance-Related Disorders
K. S. F. Kemal, B., Burger, H., Anastos, K., Minkoff, H., Kitchen, C., Philpott, S. M., Gao, W., Robison, E., Holman, S., Dehner, C., Beck, S., Meyer, W. A., 3rd, Landay, A., Kovacs, A., Bremer, J., Weiser, B. (2003). HIV-1 in genital tract and plasma of women: compartmentalization of viral sequences, coreceptor usage, and glycosylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 100(22), 12972-7. PMC240729
Journal Article
Expression and function of CD28 on Epstein-Barr virus-positive B cell lines and AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cell lines
Tumour Biol
2003
Mar-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12853703
CD28, which is expressed on most T cells, can provide a costimulatory signal during T cell activation. Although principally considered to be a T cell-associated molecule, CD28 has been seen to be expressed on mast cells and natural killer cells, as well as on plasma and myeloma cells, but not on cells representing earlier stages of B cell development. Here were report that CD28 was expressed on Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive B lymphoblastoid and AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cell lines. These cells also expressed the ligands for CD28, B7-1 and B7-2, but not CTLA-4. Furthermore, peripheral blood B cells infected with EBV ex vivo expressed CD28 after infection. Cross-linking with a stimulatory anti-CD28 antibody resulted in an increased expression of CD71 (transferrin receptor) or CD25 (interleukin-2 alpha receptor subunit). The addition of a blocking CTLA-4-Ig fusion protein, or antisense oligonucleotides for CD28, resulted in a decreased expression of these molecules. In 1
10.1159/000071081
12853703
Antigens, CD/biosynthesis Apoptosis/physiology B-Lymphocytes/cytology/*immunology/virology B7-1 Antigen/biosynthesis B7-2 Antigen CD28 Antigens/*biosynthesis/genetics/*physiology Down-Regulation/drug effects Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/complications/*immunology Flow Cytometry Herpesvirus 4, Human Humans Lymphocyte Activation Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/*immunology/pathology/virology Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/*immunology/pathology/virology Membrane Glycoproteins/biosynthesis Oligonucleotides, Antisense/pharmacology Tumor Cells, Cultured fas Receptor/physiology
D. B. Widney, W. J., Kasravi, A., Martinez-Maza, O. (2003). Expression and function of CD28 on Epstein-Barr virus-positive B cell lines and AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cell lines. Tumour Biol, 24(2), 82-93.
Journal Article
Analysis of Longitudinal Data
2002
8/15/2002
The new edition of this important text has been completely revised and expanded to become the most up-to-date and thorough professional reference text in this fast-moving and important area of biostatistics. Two new chapters have been added on fully parametric models for discrete repeated measures data and on statistical models for time-dependent predictors where there may be feedback between the predictor and response variables. It also contains the many useful features of the previous edition such as, design issues, exploratory methods of analysis, linear models for continuous data, and models and methods for handling data and missing values.
analysis application Biostatistics Linear Models longitudinal longitudinal data methods missing values model predictor predictors response statistical statistical models
Book
Attitudes towards highly active antiretroviral therapy are associated with sexual risk taking among HIV-infected and uninfected homosexual men
AIDS
2002
3/29/2002
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11964534
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether attitudes towards highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) are associated with unprotected anal sex among sexually active homosexual men. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study nested within an ongoing prospective cohort study. SETTING: Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, from April through September 1999. PARTICIPANTS: Five-hundred and forty-seven homosexual men reporting anal sex (218 HIV- negative and 329 HIV-positive) during study interviews in 1999, including a 20-item validated scale on attitudes toward HAART and HIV risk behaviors (e.g., 'Because of HAART, I am less concerned about becoming HIV-infected or infecting someone'), and safer sex fatigue (e.g., 'I am tired of always having safer sex'). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-reported unprotected receptive anal sex (RAS) and insertive anal sex (IAS) in the prior 6 months. RESULTS: More than 50% of HIV-negative and HIV-positive men who reported having anal sex also reported recent unprotected RAS and/or IAS. H
10.1097/00002030-200203290-00013
11964534
AIDS category: behavior cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Cross-Sectional Studies Fatigue Hiv HIV transmission homosexual homosexual men Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Odds Ratio Risk Risk-Taking safer sex sex sexual study therapy transmission
D. E. F. Ostrow, K.J., Chmiel, J.S., Silvestre, A., Visscher, B.R., Vanable, P.A., Jacobson, L.P., Strathdee, S.A. (2002). Attitudes towards highly active antiretroviral therapy are associated with sexual risk taking among HIV-infected and uninfected homosexual men. AIDS, 16(5), 775-780.
Journal Article
Virologic and immunologic values allowing safe deferral of antiretroviral therapy
AIDS
2002
6-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12461420
OBJECTIVE: To determine how long highly active antiretroviral therapy can be deferred in HIV-1 infected persons. DESIGN: Observational cohort study of HIV-1 infected men at four academic centers in the USA. OUTCOME: Progression to clinical AIDS or to CD4 cell counts < 200 x 10(6)/l in the absence of antiretroviral therapy among HIV-1 infected men. RESULTS: No participant with a CD4 cell count between 201 x 10(6) and 350 x 10(6)/l and having < 20 000 copies/ml of HIV RNA progressed to clinical AIDS within 1 year. In men with > 350 x 10(6) CD4 cells/l and < 60 000 copies of HIV RNA/ml there were also no instances of progression to clinical AIDS within 1 year. No participant with < 10 000 copies HIV RNA/ml and between 201 x 10(6) and 350 x 10(6) CD4 cells/l had a decrease in CD4 cells to < 200 x 10(6)/l within 1 year. In men with baseline CD4 cell counts > 350 x 10(6)/l and HIV RNA < 30 000 copies/ml, only 3% had a decrease in CD4 cell count to < 200 x 10(6)/l within 1 year. CONCLUSION: T
10.1097/00002030-200212060-00011
12461420
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/etiology Adolescent Adult Aged Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*methods CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Decision Making Disease Progression HIV Infections/*drug therapy/immunology/virology Humans Male Middle Aged Referral and Consultation Risk Assessment Risk Factors
J. P. M. Phair, J. W., Detels, R., Margolick, J. B., Munoz, A. (2002). Virologic and immunologic values allowing safe deferral of antiretroviral therapy. AIDS, 16(18), 2455-9.
Journal Article
HIV-associated sensory neuropathies
AIDS
2002
8-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12409731
10.1097/00002030-200211080-00002
12409731
Analgesics/therapeutic use Anti-HIV Agents/adverse effects HIV Infections/*complications/drug therapy Humans Lamotrigine Nerve Growth Factors/therapeutic use Pain/prevention & control/virology Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/chemically induced/drug therapy/*virology Polyneuropathies/chemically induced/drug therapy/virology Triazines/therapeutic use
S. C. P. Keswani, C. A., Cherry, C. L., Hoke, A., McArthur, J. C. (2002). HIV-associated sensory neuropathies. AIDS, 16(16), 2105-17.
Journal Article
Effect of Genetic Variation on HIV Transmission and Progression to AIDS
AIDS in Africa
2002
Africa AIDS category: genetics Hiv HIV transmission progression transmission
Book Section
Trophoblasts are productively infected by CD4-independent isolate of HIV type 1
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2002
1-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11804552
Evidence for HIV-1 infection of trophoblasts is discordant. Utilizing highly purified full-term trophoblasts, we demonstrate that full-term trophoblasts express CXCR4 but are negative for CCR5 and CD4 cell surface proteins. Full-term trophoblasts were refractory to infection by HIV-1 IIIB and primary isolates of HIV-1. However, full-term trophoblasts could be infected by a CD4-independent, CXCR4-utilizing HIV-1 strain, as demonstrated by substantial p24 (5.5 ng/ml) levels and HIV-1 gag/pol DNA content (3050 copies/microg) 7 days postinfection. These data illustrate that trophoblasts express the essential host factors for productive HIV-1 infection and that the block to HIV-1 infection may be at the level of entry. In additional, our data suggest that CD4-independent mechanisms of infection may play a role in promoting in utero HIV-1 transmission.
10.1089/088922202753394673
11804552
CD4 Antigens/analysis/metabolism Cells, Cultured Coculture Techniques DNA, Viral/analysis/genetics Genes, gag Genes, pol HIV Core Protein p24/analysis HIV Infections/*virology *HIV-1/metabolism Humans Receptors, CCR5/metabolism Receptors, CXCR4/analysis/metabolism Trophoblasts/metabolism/*virology
L. G. Al-Harthi, L. J., Hoxie, J. A., Landay, A. (2002). Trophoblasts are productively infected by CD4-independent isolate of HIV type 1. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 18(1), 13-7.
Journal Article
Immunologic profile of highly exposed yet HIV type 1-seronegative men
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2002
20-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12396457
The host immune factors that determine susceptibility to HIV-1 infection are poorly understood. We compared multiple immunologic parameters in three groups of HIV-1-seronegative men: 14 highly exposed (HR10), 7 previously reported possibly to have sustained transient infection (PTI), and a control group of 14 low risk blood bank donors (BB). Virus-specific cellular immune assays were performed for CD4(+) T helper cell responses, CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity, CD8(+) cell chemokine release, and CD8(+) cell-derived antiviral soluble factor activity. General immune parameters evaluated included CCR5 genotype and phenotype, interferon alpha production by PBMCs, leukocyte subset analysis, and detailed T lymphocyte phenotyping. Comparisons revealed no detectable group-specific differences in measures of virus-specific immunity. However, the HR10 group differed from the BB group in several general immune parameters, having higher absolute monocyte counts, higher absolute CD8(+) T cel
10.1089/08892220260235416
12396457
Adult Amino Acid Sequence Chronic Disease Cytokines/biosynthesis HIV Seronegativity/*immunology HIV-1/*immunology Humans *Immunity, Cellular Immunophenotyping Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis Male Peptides/chemical synthesis/chemistry/immunology Receptors, CCR5/metabolism Retroviridae Proteins/chemistry T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology Virus Diseases/immunology
O. O. B. Yang, W. J., Matud, J., Hausner, M. A., Hultin, L. E., Hultin, P. M., Shih, R., Ferbas, J., Siegal, F. P., Shodell, M., Shearer, G. M., Grene, E., Carrington, M., O'Brien, S., Price, C. B., Detels, R., Jamieson, B. D., Giorgi, J. V. (2002). Immunologic profile of highly exposed yet HIV type 1-seronegative men. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 18(14), 1051-65.
Journal Article
Changes in the incidence and predictors of wasting syndrome related to human immunodeficiency virus infection, 1987-1999
Am J Epidemiol
2002
1-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12142255
The authors examined the impact of potent antiretroviral therapy (ART) on the diagnosis of wasting syndrome in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Study time was divided into the periods 1988-1990, 1991-1993, 1994-1995, and 1996-1999 to correspond to different treatment eras. The proportion of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome diagnoses in which wasting was present increased from 5% in 1988-1990 to 7.1% in 1991-1993, 7.7% in 1994-1995, and 18.9% in 1996-1999. The incidence of wasting per 1,000 person-years increased from 7.5 in 1988-1990 to 14.4 in 1991-1993 and 22.1 in 1994-1995; it decreased to 13.4 in 1996-1999. Fewer patients with wasting had low hemoglobin and hematocrit levels and reported oral thrush in 1996-1999 than in any other period. Analysis of change in body mass index (weight (kg)/height (m)(2)) after wasting showed a faster return to prewasting levels in 1994-1995 and 1996-1999 than in earlier periods. Case-control analysis showed that wasting prior to 1996 was weakly a
10.1093/aje/kwf039
12142255
Anemia/epidemiology/etiology Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*statistics & numerical data/trends Body Mass Index CD4 Lymphocyte Count/statistics & numerical data Candidiasis, Oral/epidemiology/etiology Case-Control Studies Cohort Studies Diarrhea/epidemiology/etiology Fatigue/epidemiology/etiology HIV Infections/drug therapy HIV Wasting Syndrome/complications/*diagnosis/*epidemiology Humans Incidence Male Middle Aged
E. S. Smit, R. L., Dobs, A. S., Calhoun, B. C., Visscher, B. R., Palella, F. J., Jacobson, L. P. (2002). Changes in the incidence and predictors of wasting syndrome related to human immunodeficiency virus infection, 1987-1999. Am J Epidemiol, 156(3), 211-8.
Journal Article
Evaluation of the effectiveness of highly active antiretroviral therapy in persons with human immunodeficiency virus using biomarker-based equivalence of disease progression
Am J Epidemiol
2002
15-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11943695
The association of different CD4(+) cell counts with the same disease risk in treated and untreated populations reflects the effectiveness of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Clinical progression of disease following initiation of HAART was determined for 679 HIV-infected men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study by means of Kaplan-Meier survival analyses. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the effects of markers of HIV disease, antiretroviral history, and demographic factors. Men who had been followed since January 1993 (pre-HAART) were used to identify CD4(+) levels associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-free time equivalent to that of men starting HAART with CD4(+) cell counts of <200 cells/microl. Within 3.5 years following HAART initiation, 11.3% of the subjects developed AIDS and 8.5% died. Determinants of AIDS were a CD4(+) cell count of <200 cells/microl at initiation (relativ
10.1093/aje/155.8.760
11943695
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology/prevention & control Adult *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Biomarkers/blood *CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Disease Progression Disease-Free Survival Female HIV Infections/*diagnosis/*drug therapy/immunology/mortality Humans Incidence Male Middle Aged Odds Ratio RNA, Viral/*blood Survival Analysis Treatment Outcome United States/epidemiology
L. P. L. Jacobson, R., Phair, J., Margolick, J. B., Rinaldo, C. R., Detels, R., Munoz, A. (2002). Evaluation of the effectiveness of highly active antiretroviral therapy in persons with human immunodeficiency virus using biomarker-based equivalence of disease progression. Am J Epidemiol, 155(8), 760-70.
Journal Article
Causes of death among women with human immunodeficiency virus infection in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy
Am J Med
2002
1-Aug
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12133746/
PURPOSE: To examine changes in the causes of death and mortality in women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy. METHODS: Among women with, or at risk of, HIV infection, who were enrolled in a national study from 1994 to 1995, we used an algorithm that classified cause of death as due to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or non-AIDS causes based on data from death certificates and the CD4 count. Poisson regression models were used to estimate death rates and to determine the risk factors for AIDS and non-AIDS deaths. RESULTS: Of 2059 HIV-infected women and 569 who were at risk of HIV infection, 468 (18%) had died by April 2000 (451 HIV-infected and 17 not infected). Causes of death were available for 428 participants (414 HIV-infected and 14 not infected). Among HIV-infected women, deaths were classified as AIDS (n = 294), non-AIDS (n = 91), or indeterminate (n = 29). The non-AIDS causes included liver failure (n = 19
10.1016/s0002-9343(02)01169-5
12133746
PMC3126666
drug-users hiv-infection disease progression aids mortality survival certificates diagnosis accuracy england
M. H. F. Cohen, Audrey L., Benning, Lorie, Kovacs, Andrea, Anastos, Kathryn, Young, Mary, Minkoff, Howard, Hessol, Nancy A. (2002). Causes of death among women with human immunodeficiency virus infection in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy. Am J Med, 113(2), 91-98. PMC3126666
Journal Article
Lymphoid Follicles Are Generated in High-Grade Cervical Dysplasia and Have Differing Characteristics Depending on HIV Status
Am J Pathol
2002
Jan
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11786409/
The exact role of the mucosal immune response in the pathogenesis of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related premalignant and malignant diseases of the genital tract is poorly understood. We used immunohistochemical analysis to characterize immune cells In normal cervix (N = 21), HIV-negative high-grade dysplasia (N = 21), and HIV-positive high-grade dysplasia (N = 30). Classical germinal centers were present in 4.7% of normal cervix, 33% of high-grade lesions from HIV-negative women, and 3.3% of high-grade lesions from HIV-positive women (P = 0.003). HPV16 E7 antigen was detected in a subset of germinal centers, indicating that the secondary immune response was directed in part against HPV. Lymphoid follicles were present in 9.5% of normal cervix, 57% of HIV-negative high-grade dysplasia, and 50% of HIV-positive high-grade dysplasia (P = 0.001 normal versus high-grade). A novel type of lymphoid aggregate, consisting predominantly of CD8(+) T cells, was detected in 4.8% of normal cervix, 0%
10.1016/s0002-9440(10)64359-3
11786409
PMC1867118
human-papillomavirus infection follicular dendritic cells womens interagency hiv cd8(+) t-cells intraepithelial neoplasia chlamydia-trachomatis expression carcinogenesis activation carcinomas
A. D. Kobayashi, Teresa, Herndier, Brian, Anastos, Kathryn, Minkoff, Howard, Cohen, Mardge, Young, Mary, Levine, Alexandra, Ahdieh Grant, Linda, Hyun, William, Weinberg, Vivian, Greenblatt, Ruth, Smith-McCune, Karen (2002). Lymphoid Follicles Are Generated in High-Grade Cervical Dysplasia and Have Differing Characteristics Depending on HIV Status. Am J Pathol, 160(1), 151-164. PMC1867118
Journal Article
Use of highly active antiretroviral therapy in a cohort of HIV-seropositive women
Am J Public Health
2002
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11772767
OBJECTIVES: This study examined longitudinal trends in use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) among a cohort of HIV-positive participants in the Women' Interagency HIV Study. METHODS: Beginning in 1994, 1690 HIV-positive women reported detailed information about their use of antiretroviral therapy at 6-month study visits. Multivariate logistic and Cox regression analyses were used to estimate the likelihood of antiretroviral therapy and HAART use among women with study visits preceding and following HAART availability. RESULTS: Before the availability of HAART, the cohort' likelihood of any antiretroviral therapy use was associated with clinical indicators (CD4 count, viral load, symptom presence) as well as behavioral factors (abstaining from drug and alcohol use, participating in clinical trials). After HAART became commercially available, newly emerging predictors included college education, private insurance, absence of injection drug use history, and not being African
10.2105/ajph.92.1.82
11772767
PMC1447394
Adolescent Adult Age Factors Aged *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Clinical Trials as Topic Cohort Studies Education Female HIV Protease Inhibitors/therapeutic use HIV Seropositivity/*drug therapy Humans Logistic Models Middle Aged Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/therapeutic use Stavudine/therapeutic use Time Factors Zidovudine/therapeutic use
J. A. C. Cook, M. H., Grey, D., Kirstein, L., Burke, J., Anastos, K., Palacio, H., Richardson, J., Wilson, T. E., Young, M. (2002). Use of highly active antiretroviral therapy in a cohort of HIV-seropositive women. Am J Public Health, 92(1), 82-7. PMC1447394
Journal Article
Evaluation and management of HIV-infected women
Ann Intern Med
2002
5-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11827499
The rate of newly diagnosed AIDS in the United States is increasing fastest in women, who are infected with HIV primarily through heterosexual transmission. Approximately 60% of these women are African American, and 18% are Latina. A gynecologic infection is the most common symptom that leads to initial medical evaluation. Specific studies at baseline should include CD4 lymphocyte count, HIV-1 RNA level, and gynecologic examination with Papanicolaou smear. Decisions about initiation of antiretroviral therapy depend on the patient's clinical diagnoses, her willingness to adhere to treatment, and CD4 lymphocyte and HIV-1 RNA levels. Levels of HIV-1 RNA may be somewhat lower in women than in men at the same CD4 count, whereas women have higher CD4 lymphocyte counts at the time of AIDS diagnosis. However, prospective trials have not yet indicated the need to change the threshold CD4 lymphocyte counts or HIV-RNA levels for initiation of therapy in women. The efficacy of antiretroviral thera
10.7326/0003-4819-136-3-200202050-00011
11827499
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/adverse effects/therapeutic use CD4 Antigens/blood Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal/diagnosis/drug therapy Drug Therapy, Combination Female HIV Infections/complications/*diagnosis/*drug therapy/transmission Humans Lymphocyte Count Nuclear Family Papanicolaou Test Patient Compliance Prognosis Recurrence Sex Factors Vaginal Smears Viral Load
A. M. Levine (2002). Evaluation and management of HIV-infected women. Ann Intern Med, 136(3), 228-42.
Journal Article
Hair it is: the long and short of monitoring antiretroviral treatment
Ann Intern Med
2002
15-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12379072
10.7326/0003-4819-137-8-200210150-00016
12379072
*Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*virology HIV Protease Inhibitors/*analysis HIV-1/genetics Hair/*chemistry Humans Indinavir/*analysis Monitoring, Physiologic/*methods Patient Compliance RNA, Viral/blood Viral Load
M. G. Gandhi, R. M. (2002). Hair it is: the long and short of monitoring antiretroviral treatment. Ann Intern Med, 137(8), 696-7.
Journal Article
A generalized estimating equation approach to modelling incompatible data formats with covariate measurement error: application to human immunodeficiency virus immune markers
Applied Statistics
2002
2002
https://rss.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1467-9876.04883
10.1111/1467-9876.04883
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome application asymptotics category: methodological enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay testing Human human immunodeficiency virus immune immunodeficiency marker markers measurement relational sample virus
J. T. Kowalski, X.M. (2002). A generalized estimating equation approach to modelling incompatible data formats with covariate measurement error: application to human immunodeficiency virus immune markers. Applied Statistics, 51(), 91-114.
Journal Article
Risk of progression to AIDS and death in women infected with HIV-1 initiating highly active antiretroviral treatment at different stages of disease
Arch Intern Med
2002
23-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12230420
BACKGROUND: The optimal virologic and immunologic stage at which to initiate antiretroviral therapy in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is undefined. METHODS: Among 1054 HIV-1-infected women in a prospective cohort study, we determined the time from initiation of highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and death. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 3.4 years. Of 553 women without AIDS at HAART initiation, 62 (11%) developed AIDS. Compared with women with CD4(+) cell counts greater than 350/microL at HAART initiation, women with cell counts of 200 to 350/microL and less than 200/microL had relative hazards (RHs) for progression to AIDS of 0.93 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.46-1.86) and 2.48 (95% CI, 1.39-4.42), respectively. Compared with those with HIV-1 RNA values less than 5000 copies/mL, women with 5000 to 50,000 copies/mL and greater than 50,000 copies/mL had RHs of 1.39 (95% CI, 0.74-2.64) and 2.
10.1001/archinte.162.17.1973
12230420
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/mortality/*therapy/*virology Adult Aged *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Disease Progression Female Follow-Up Studies HIV Seropositivity/mortality/therapy/virology *hiv-1 Humans Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis Prospective Studies Risk Factors Treatment Outcome United States/epidemiology Women's Health
K. B. Anastos, Y., Miotti, P., Weiser, B., Young, M., Hessol, N., Greenblatt, R. M., Cohen, M., Augenbraun, M., Levine, A., Munoz, A., Women's Interagency, H. I. V. Study Collaborative Study Group (2002). Risk of progression to AIDS and death in women infected with HIV-1 initiating highly active antiretroviral treatment at different stages of disease. Arch Intern Med, 162(17), 1973-80.
Journal Article
Prophylaxis for human immunodeficiency virus-related Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: using simulation modeling to inform clinical guidelines
Arch Intern Med
2002
22-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11966344
BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) have experienced a dramatic decrease in Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), necessitating reassessment of clinical guidelines for prophylaxis. METHODS: A simulation model of HIV infection was used to estimate the lifetime costs and quality-adjusted life expectancy (QALE) for alternative CD4 cell count criteria for stopping primary PCP prophylaxis in patients with CD4 cell count increases receiving HAART and alternative agents for second-line PCP prophylaxis in those intolerant of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX). The target population was a cohort of HIV-infected patients in the United States with initial CD4 cell counts of 350/microL who began PCP prophylaxis after their first measured CD4 lymphocyte count less than 200/microL. Data were from randomized controlled trials and other published literature. RESULTS: For patients with CD4 cell count increases duri
10.1001/archinte.162.8.921
11966344
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/economics/immunology/*prevention & control Anti-Infective Agents/economics/immunology/*therapeutic use Antiprotozoal Agents/economics/immunology/*therapeutic use Atovaquone CD4 Lymphocyte Count/economics Cost-Benefit Analysis/economics Dapsone/economics/immunology/*therapeutic use Drug Costs Humans Life Expectancy *Models, Theoretical Naphthoquinones/economics/immunology/*therapeutic use Pentamidine/economics/immunology/*therapeutic use Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/economics/immunology/*prevention & control Practice Guidelines as Topic/*standards Quality-Adjusted Life Years
S. J. K. Goldie, J. E., Losina, E., Weinstein, M. C., Paltiel, A. D., Seage, G. R., 3rd, Craven, D. E., Kimmel, A. D., Zhang, H., Cohen, C. J., Freedberg, K. A. (2002). Prophylaxis for human immunodeficiency virus-related Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: using simulation modeling to inform clinical guidelines. Arch Intern Med, 162(8), 921-8.
Journal Article
Varying-coefficient models and basis function approximations for the analysis of repeated measurements
Biometrika
2002
Mar
https://academic.oup.com/biomet/article-abstract/89/1/111/221461
A global smoothing procedure is developed using basis function approximations for estimating the parameters of a varying-coefficient model with repeated measurements. Inference procedures based on a resampling subject bootstrap are proposed to construct confidence regions and to perform hypothesis testing. Conditional biases and variances of our estimators and their asymptotic consistency are developed explicitly. Finite sample properties of our procedures are investigated through a simulation study. Application of the proposed approach is demonstrated through an example in epidemiology. In contrast to the existing methods, this approach applies whether or not the covariates are time-invariant and does not require binning of the data when observations are sparse at distinct observation times.
10.1093/biomet/89.1.111
20054431
basis function confidence band hypothesis testing least squares longitudinal data polynomial spline resampling subject bootstrap varying-coefficient model longitudinal data regression curves
J. Z. Huang (2002). Varying-coefficient models and basis function approximations for the analysis of repeated measurements. Biometrika, 89(1), 111-128.
Journal Article
Identification of an HLA A*0201-restricted CD8(+) T-cell epitope for the glycoprotein B homolog of human herpesvirus 8
Blood
2002
1-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11964304
Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8; Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus)-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) responses to proteins produced during the lytic cycle of HHV-8 replication are mediated by HLA class I-restricted, CD8(+) T cells. We have characterized the fine specificity of the CD8(+) T-cell response to 25 peptides derived from 5 HHV-8 lytic cycle proteins based on a prediction model for HLA A*0201 binding motifs. One of the 25 HLA A*0201 peptides derived from the glycoprotein B (gB) homolog of Epstein-Barr virus (gB(492-500); LMWYELSKI; single-letter amino acid codes) bound to HLA A*0201 and stimulated IFN-gamma responses in CD8(+) T cells from HHV-8(+), HLA A*0201 persons, but not HHV-8-seronegative or non-HLA A*0201 persons. The peptide also induced IFN-gamma and CTL reactivity to naturally processed gB protein. The peptide was a major immunogenic epitope of HHV-8 as indicated by induction of IFN-gamma responses in peripheral blood mononuclear
10.1182/blood.v99.9.3360
11964304
Amino Acid Sequence Antigen Presentation/immunology CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology Case-Control Studies Dendritic Cells/immunology Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/*immunology HLA-A Antigens/*immunology HLA-A2 Antigen Herpesvirus 8, Human/chemistry/immunology Humans Immunodominant Epitopes Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis/immunology Peptide Fragments/immunology Viral Envelope Proteins/chemistry/*immunology
Q. J. H. Wang, X. L., Rappocciolo, G., Jenkins, F. J., Hildebrand, W. H., Fan, Z., Thomas, E. K., Rinaldo, C. R., Jr. (2002). Identification of an HLA A*0201-restricted CD8(+) T-cell epitope for the glycoprotein B homolog of human herpesvirus 8. Blood, 99(9), 3360-6.
Journal Article
MaGiK method of T-Cell receptor repertoire analysis
Clin Diagn Lab Immunol
2002
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12093686
T-cell receptor diversity enables the cellular immune response to recognize a broad range of viral and other pathogenic agents. An increasingly common method of characterizing T-cell receptor diversity and usage in response to antigenic challenges involves the identification of clonal expansions by PCR amplification of the CDR3 region of distinct TCRVbeta families. Though clonal expansions often appear evident upon visual inspection of the results, a systematic method is needed for the valid enumeration of these expansions. Here, we describe a novel analysis method, termed the MaGiK method, for systematically identifying and enumerating clonal T-cell expansions and for applying the results to investigations of the T-cell receptor repertoire.
10.1128/cdli.9.4.858-863.2002
12093686
PMC120035
Adult CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology Clone Cells/immunology Complementarity Determining Regions/genetics Female Gene Rearrangement, beta-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor Humans Male Middle Aged Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/*methods Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/analysis/*genetics Statistics as Topic T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
M. S. M. Killian, J., Detels, R., Giorgi, J. V., Jamieson, B. D. (2002). MaGiK method of T-Cell receptor repertoire analysis. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol, 9(4), 858-63. PMC120035
Journal Article
Clinical evaluation and management of metabolic and morphologic abnormalities associated with human immunodeficiency virus
Clin Infect Dis
2002
15-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11740715
In recent years, a spectrum of metabolic and morphologic alterations has emerged among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) receiving antiretroviral treatment. Changes observed include insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, abdominal and dorsocervical fat accumulation, and fat depletion in the extremities and in the face. The health consequences of these changes are not well understood but may include increased risk for diabetes, heart disease, and stroke. Therefore, clinicians that treat patients with HIV need current, practical information on management strategies and interventions for patients with manifestations of HIV-associated lipodystrophy. Literature is reviewed on the health consequences of insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and alterations in body fat distribution in non-HIV populations to gain perspective on how such abnormalities might affect HIV-infected patients. We also suggest treatments and strategies to manage metabolic and morphologic changes in patie
10.1086/324744
11740715
HIV Infections/complications/drug therapy/*physiopathology/therapy Humans
C. A. F. Wanke, J. M., Shevitz, A., Phair, J. P., Kotler, D. P. (2002). Clinical evaluation and management of metabolic and morphologic abnormalities associated with human immunodeficiency virus. Clin Infect Dis, 34(2), 248-59.
Journal Article
Validity of self-reporting of episodes of external genital warts
Clin Infect Dis
2002
1-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12060873
To determine whether men are able to self-diagnose external genital warts (EGWs), we studied data from 1115 men with and without human immunodeficiency virus infection. Men were largely unable to accurately assess the presence of EGWs. Self-reporting of EGWs was not a sensitive tool; only 38% of men who had EGWs diagnosed by a trained examiner who used bright light and visual inspection also reported having them. When we controlled for other covariates in a multivariate model, men who had EGWs diagnosed by an examiner were 14 times less likely to show concordance between examiner findings and self-report than were men who did not have EGWs diagnosed by an examiner (odds ratio, 0.07; 95% confidence interval, 0.06-0.09). Self-diagnosis and self-assessment may not accurately reflect the presence of EGWs, and self-diagnosis should not be used in place of an examiner's findings for epidemiologic studies that seek to determine the cause of disease.
10.1086/340743
12060873
Cohort Studies Condylomata Acuminata/*diagnosis Humans Male Multivariate Analysis Reproducibility of Results Statistics as Topic
D. J. G. Wiley, S., Qi, K., Visscher, B. R., Beutner, K., Strathdee, S. A., Calhoun, B., Palella, F., Detels, R., Multicenter, Aids Cohort Study Group (2002). Validity of self-reporting of episodes of external genital warts. Clin Infect Dis, 35(1), 39-45.
Journal Article
Does patient sex affect human immunodeficiency virus levels?
Clin Infect Dis
2002
1-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12115098
We undertook a critical epidemiological review of the available evidence concerning whether women have lower levels of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA than do men at similar stages of HIV infection. The 13 studies included in this analysis reported viral load measurements in HIV-infected men and women at a single point in time (cross-sectional studies) or over time (longitudinal studies). Seven of the 9 cross-sectional studies demonstrated that women had 0.13-0.35 log(10) ( approximately 2-fold) lower levels of HIV RNA than do men, despite controlling for CD4(+) cell count. Four longitudinal studies revealed that women had 0.33-0.78 log(10) (2- to 6-fold) lower levels of HIV RNA than do men, even when controlling for time since seroconversion. Adjustment for possible confounders of the relationship between sex and viral load, including age, race, mode of virus transmission, and antiretroviral therapy use, did not change this outcome. This finding is significant, because viral lo
10.1086/341249
12115098
Cross-Sectional Studies Female HIV/genetics/*physiology HIV Infections/*blood Humans Longitudinal Studies Male RNA, Viral/*blood Sex Factors Viral Load
M. B. Gandhi, P., Miotti, P., Quinn, T. C., Veronese, F., Greenblatt, R. M. (2002). Does patient sex affect human immunodeficiency virus levels?. Clin Infect Dis, 35(3), 313-22.
Journal Article
Prevalence and predictors of Toxoplasma seropositivity in women with and at risk for human immunodeficiency virus infection
Clin Infect Dis
2002
1-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12439806
We assessed the prevalence and predictors of latent Toxoplasma infection in a large group of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and HIV-uninfected at-risk US women. The prevalence of latent Toxoplasma infection was 15% (380 of 2525 persons) and did not differ by HIV infection status. HIV-infected women aged > or =50 years and those born outside of the United States were more likely to have latent Toxoplasma infection, with prevalences of 32% and 41%, respectively.
10.1086/344462
12439806
PMC3119037
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/*epidemiology/parasitology Adult Animals Female HIV Infections/*complications Humans Middle Aged Prevalence Risk Factors *Toxoplasma/immunology Toxoplasmosis/*epidemiology/etiology United States/epidemiology
O. F. Falusi, A. L., Seaberg, E. C., Tien, P. C., Watts, D. H., Minkoff, H., Piessens, E., Kovacs, A., Anastos, K., Cohen, M. H. (2002). Prevalence and predictors of Toxoplasma seropositivity in women with and at risk for human immunodeficiency virus infection. Clin Infect Dis, 35(11), 1414-7. PMC3119037
Journal Article
Adherence to antiretroviral therapy and its association with sexual behavior in a national sample of women with human immunodeficiency virus
Clin Infect Dis
2002
15-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11797182
To delineate the relationship between adherence to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) therapy and sexual behavior among HIV type 1-infected women in the United States, data were collected from October 1998 through March 1999 from 766 HIV-positive women on adherence to therapy, risk behavior, and disease markers. Adherence rates of >/=95% were reported by 66% of the patients. In multivariate analyses, patients with lower rates of adherence tended to be younger (odds ratio [OR], 1.69), to be active drug users (OR, 2.27), to have detectable virus load levels (OR, 2.00), and to have a lower quality of life (OR, 1.20). Among sexually active women, lower adherence rates were associated with an increased risk for inconsistent condom use (adjusted OR, 2.17). Although counseling regarding sexual behavior and adherence to treatment regimens are often addressed separately, our data highlight the importance of discussing these factors in relation to one another, particularly with regard to patient
10.1086/338397
11797182
Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*psychology Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/physiopathology/*psychology Hiv-1 Humans Sexual Behavior/*physiology
T. E. B. Wilson, Y., Cohen, M., Richardson, J., Greenblatt, R., Sacks, H. S., Young, M., Women's Interagency, H. I. V. Study (2002). Adherence to antiretroviral therapy and its association with sexual behavior in a national sample of women with human immunodeficiency virus. Clin Infect Dis, 34(4), 529-34.
Journal Article
CD8+ T-cell immunity to HIV infection
Clin Lab Med
2002
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12244597
Fifteen years after the first, definitive reports of HIV-1-specific, CD8+ T cells [147,148], there is ample evidence for the importance of these cells in control of HIV-1 infection. As much is known of their role in the natural history of HIV-1 infection and their cellular and molecular mechanisms of reactivity than of T-cell responses to any other human virus. Indeed, HIV-1-related research has led the scientific field in revealing many new, fundamental principles of cellular immunity in the last 15 years. From these data, there are multiple, posited mechanisms for loss of CD8+ T-cell control of HIV-1 infection. These include both intrinsic defects in T-cell function and loss of T-cell recognition of HIV-1 because of its extraordinary genetic diversity and disruption of antigen presentation. Efforts have begun on devising approaches to reverse these immune defects in infected individuals and develop vaccines that induce T-cell immunity for protection from infection. Combination antire
10.1016/s0272-2712(02)00006-9
12244597
CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology HIV Infections/drug therapy/*immunology/virology HIV-1/drug effects/*immunology/physiology Humans T-Lymphocyte Subsets/*immunology
P. F. Piazza, Z., Rinaldo, C. R., Jr. (2002). CD8+ T-cell immunity to HIV infection. Clin Lab Med, 22(3), 773-97.
Journal Article
Spectrum of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, or human herpesvirus 8, diseases
Clin Microbiol Rev
2002
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12097251
Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), also known as Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), discovered in 1994, is a human rhadinovirus (gamma-2 herpesvirus). Unlike other human herpesviruses (herpes simplex virus, Epstein-Barr virus, varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, HHV-6, and HHV-7), it is not widespread in the general population and has many unique proteins. HHV-8 is strongly associated with all subtypes of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), multicentric Castleman's disease, and a rare form of B-cell lymphoma, primary effusion lymphoma. In addition, HHV-8 DNA sequences have been found in association with other diseases, but the role of the virus in these diseases is largely unconfirmed and remains controversial. The seroprevalence of HHV-8, based on detection of latent and lytic proteins, is 2 to 5% in healthy donors except in certain geographic areas where the virus is endemic, 80 to 95% in classic KS patients, and 40 to 50% in HIV-1 patients without KS. This virus can be transmitted bo
10.1128/cmr.15.3.439-464.2002
12097251
PMC118087
Animals *Herpesviridae Infections/diagnosis/epidemiology/physiopathology/virology Herpesvirus 8, Human/isolation & purification/*pathogenicity Humans *Sarcoma, Kaposi/diagnosis/epidemiology/physiopathology/virology
D. V. C. Ablashi, L. G., Whitman, J. E., Jr., Cesarman, E. (2002). Spectrum of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, or human herpesvirus 8, diseases. Clin Microbiol Rev, 15(3), 439-64. PMC118087
Journal Article
B-cell activation and lymphoma in patients with HIV
Curr Opin Oncol
2002
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12192272
The risk of developing non-Hodgkin lymphoma (AIDS lymphoma) is greatly increased in HIV infection. Disruption of immune function by HIV infection may contribute to lymphomagenesis by inducing (1) loss of immunoregulation of Epstein-Barr virus-infected B cells [immunoblastic and central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma] caused by loss of T-cell function, and (2) chronic B-cell hyperactivation enhancing the generation of genetic lesions (c- :immunoglobulin gene translocation, -6 overexpression) associated with some forms of AIDS lymphoma (Burkitt lymphoma-like small noncleaved cell lymphoma and large noncleaved cell lymphoma). Also, the overproduction of B-cell-stimulatory cytokines (interleukin 10 and 6) has the potential to contribute to tumor development by supporting the growth and viability of nascent lymphoma cell clones. Therefore, HIV infection-associated B-cell hyperactivation, including direct activation of B cells by various mechanisms, and chronic overproduction of B-cell-stimul
10.1097/00001622-200209000-00009
12192272
B-Lymphocytes/*immunology/physiology Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Chemokine CXCL12 Chemokines, CXC/pharmacology HIV Infections/*complications Humans *Immunocompromised Host Interleukin-6/*pharmacology Lymphocyte Activation/*immunology Lymphoma/etiology/*immunology/pathology Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/immunology/physiopathology Phenotype Viral Proteins/*pharmacology
O. B. Martinez-Maza, E. C. (2002). B-cell activation and lymphoma in patients with HIV. Curr Opin Oncol, 14(5), 528-32.
Journal Article
Simultaneous flow cytometric analysis of two cell surface markers, telomere length, and DNA content
Cytometry
2002
1-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12442309
BACKGROUND: Various protocols for estimation of telomere length in individual cells by flow cytometry using fluorescence in situ hybridization of fluorescently labeled peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probes (Flow-FISH) have been described. Combined analysis of telomere length and cell phenotype, however, remains difficult because few fluorochromes with suitable emission spectra tolerate the harsh conditions needed for DNA denaturation during hybridization of the telomere-specific PNA probe. We overcame these problems and developed a method for measuring telomere length in cell subsets characterized by the expression of two surface antigens. METHODS: Alexa Fluor 488 and Alexa Fluor 546 were used for cell surface staining. Antigen-antibody complexes were covalently cross-linked onto the cell membrane before Flow-FISH. Cells were hybridized with a PNA probe conjugated to cyanine 5 (Cy5). Hoechst 33342 (HO342) was added for determination of cellular DNA content. For assay standardization, we ad
10.1002/cyto.10163
12442309
Antigens, CD/chemistry/*metabolism DNA, Neoplasm/*metabolism Flow Cytometry/*methods Fluorescent Antibody Technique Humans Hydrazines/chemistry In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence Leukemia/genetics/metabolism/pathology Leukocytes, Mononuclear/pathology Reproducibility of Results Staining and Labeling T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism/*pathology Telomere/*pathology Tumor Cells, Cultured
I. D. Schmid, M. D., Hausner, M. A., Matud, J. L., Just, T., Effros, R. B., Jamieson, B. D. (2002). Simultaneous flow cytometric analysis of two cell surface markers, telomere length, and DNA content. Cytometry, 49(3), 96-105.
Journal Article
Detection of bacterial vaginosis-related organisms by real-time PCR for Lactobacilli, Gardnerella vaginalis and Mycoplasma hominis
FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol
2002
13-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12443827
The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of detecting bacterial vaginosis (BV)-related organisms in stored genital tract specimens using real-time PCR. Frozen cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples from 21 women were analyzed by real-time PCR for the numbers of Mycoplasma hominis, Gardnerella vaginalis and lactobacilli. Lactobacilli organisms were detected in all CVL samples, G. vaginalis was detected in all but one sample, while M. hominis was detected in only six samples. Using the Amsel criteria to define BV, the samples from women with BV had significantly higher numbers of G. vaginalis organisms than samples from women without BV (P=0.004). In contrast, the number of lactobacilli organisms in BV samples was significantly lower (P=0.013). The number of M. hominis organisms was not significantly different between BV-positive and BV-negative samples. A striking relationship was observed where most of the samples contained high numbers of either lactobacilli or G. vaginalis
10.1111/j.1574-695X.2002.tb00634.x
12443827
Cervix Uteri/microbiology DNA, Bacterial/analysis Female Gardnerella vaginalis/genetics/*isolation & purification Humans Lactobacillus/genetics/*isolation & purification Mycoplasma hominis/genetics/*isolation & purification Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods Specimen Handling/methods Vagina/microbiology Vaginosis, Bacterial/*microbiology
M. R. S. Zariffard, M., Sha, B. E., Spear, G. T. (2002). Detection of bacterial vaginosis-related organisms by real-time PCR for Lactobacilli, Gardnerella vaginalis and Mycoplasma hominis. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol, 34(4), 277-81.
Journal Article
Effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on survival among HIV- infected men with Kaposi sarcoma or non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Int J Cancer
2002
4/20/2002
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11948473
The effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on survival in HIV-infected patients with Kaposi sarcoma (KS) or non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is unknown. Our study examines survival after HAART for these 2 malignancies. Analyses were performed using data from 387 HIV- infected men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) after a diagnosis of either KS or NHL in 1990-99. Potential prognostic factors, including HAART, were evaluated in univariate analyses using Kaplan- Meier survival curves and log-rank tests. Multivariate survival analyses were conducted using Cox's time-dependent proportional hazards models, adjusting for CD4(+) cell levels at the time of cancer diagnosis and other covariates. Forty-three of 287 KS patients (15%) and 13 of 100 NHL patients (13%) had been treated with HAART. HAART treatment was associated with improved survival for KS and NHL patients (log-rank p = 0.0001 for each group). In multivariate analyses, HAART was associated with an 81% reduced ris
10.1002/ijc.10274
11948473
Adult AIDS Anti-HIV Agents Antineoplastic Agents Antiretroviral Therapy,Highly Active category: malignancy CD4 Lymphocyte Count cohort Cohort Studies cohort study diagnosis drug therapy Drug Therapy,Combination Hiv Hiv-1 HIV Infections Human Kaposi's sarcoma Los Angeles lymphoma Lymphoma,AIDS-Related MACS Male mortality Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Multicenter Studies non-Hodgkin's lymphoma physiology Proportional Hazards Models Prospective Studies Risk Sarcoma,Kaposi study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. Survival Rate therapeutic use therapy Treatment Outcome United States virology
H. K. Z. Tam, Z.F., Jacobson, L.P., Margolick, J.B., Chmiel, J.S., Rinaldo, C., Detels, R. (2002). Effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on survival among HIV- infected men with Kaposi sarcoma or non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Int J Cancer, 98(6), 916-922.
Journal Article
Fallibility in estimating direct effects
Int J Epidemiol
2002
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11914314
We use causal graphs and a partly hypothetical example from the Physicians' Health Study to explain why a common standard method for quantifying direct effects (i.e. stratifying on the intermediate variable) may be flawed. Estimating direct effects without bias requires that two assumptions hold, namely the absence of unmeasured confounding for (1) exposure and outcome, and (2) the intermediate variable and outcome. Recommendations include collecting and incorporating potential confounders for the causal effect of the mediator on the outcome, as well as the causal effect of the exposure on the outcome, and clearly stating the additional assumption that there is no unmeasured confounding for the causal effect of the mediator on the outcome.
10.1093/ije/31.1.163
11914314
Aspirin/therapeutic use Bias Causality Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic *Epidemiologic Research Design Humans Myocardial Infarction/drug therapy/*epidemiology Odds Ratio Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/therapeutic use
S. R. H. Cole, M. A. (2002). Fallibility in estimating direct effects. Int J Epidemiol, 31(1), 163-5.
Journal Article
The relationship of preventable opportunistic infections, HIV-1 RNA, and CD4 Cell counts to chronic mortality
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2002
1-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12138349
BACKGROUND: Both HIV-1 RNA and absolute CD4 cell counts have been identified as important predictors of HIV-1 disease progression and mortality. The independent impact of opportunistic infections on the risk of chronic mortality, defined as death beyond 30 days of an opportunistic infection, has not been studied when controlling for HIV-1 RNA. Our objective was to determine the relationship between a history of any of five preventable opportunistic infections (Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, Mycobacterium avium complex, toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus, and candida esophagitis) and chronic mortality. METHODS: Using the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) public use data set of 2193 HIV-infected men in four U.S. cities, we employed a Cox regression model to estimate the impact of a history of preventable opportunistic infection on chronic mortality while controlling for maximum HIV-1 RNA, CD4 cell count, use of antiretroviral drugs, and age. FINDINGS: The chronic mortality rate among ind
10.1097/00042560-200208010-00008
12138349
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/epidemiology/prevention & control Adult CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies HIV Infections/immunology/*mortality/*virology Hiv-1 Humans Male Proportional Hazards Models RNA, Viral/blood United States/epidemiology
G. R. Seage, 3rd, Losina, E., Goldie, S. J., Paltiel, A. D., Kimmel, A. D., Freedberg, K. A. (2002). The relationship of preventable opportunistic infections, HIV-1 RNA, and CD4 Cell counts to chronic mortality. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 30(4), 421-8.
Journal Article
Effects of depressive symptoms and mental health quality of life on use of highly active antiretroviral therapy among HIV-seropositive women
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2002
1-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12138346
This study examines the effects of depressive symptoms and mental health quality of life on utilization of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) among HIV-seropositive women. Data were collected biannually from 1996 through 1998 in a prospective cohort study. Women reported use of antiretroviral therapy, health and mental health status, demographics, and social and behavioral factors; CD4 count and viral load also were assessed. Random effects regression models estimated the longitudinal effects of depressive symptoms and mental health quality of life on the probability of HAART utilization, controlling for clinical indicators (CD4 count, viral load, symptom presence), demographics (race, age, education), behavioral factors (drug/alcohol use, clinical trials participation), service features (insurance status, mental health service utilization), and study site. High levels of depressive symptoms and poor mental health quality of life were found, and they significantly reduced the
10.1097/00042560-200208010-00005
12138346
Adolescent Adult Aged Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*statistics & numerical data Cohort Studies Depression/complications/therapy Female HIV Seropositivity/*drug therapy/*psychology Health Services Accessibility Humans Mental Health Mental Health Services/statistics & numerical data Middle Aged Prospective Studies Quality of Life United States
J. A. C. Cook, M. H., Burke, J., Grey, D., Anastos, K., Kirstein, L., Palacio, H., Richardson, J., Wilson, T., Young, M. (2002). Effects of depressive symptoms and mental health quality of life on use of highly active antiretroviral therapy among HIV-seropositive women. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 30(4), 401-9.
Journal Article
Predictive value of immunologic and virologic markers after long or short duration of HIV-1 infection
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2002
1-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11917238
Laboratory markers that predict HIV-1 disease progression include plasma viral burden, CD4+ T-cell count, and CD38 expression on CD8 T cells. To better understand whether the predictive value of these markers is dependent on how long an individual has been infected, we analyzed data from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study early (median = 2.8 years) and late (median = 8.7 years) in the course of infection. Overall, we found that HIV RNA and CD38 levels were similarly predictive of AIDS early on compared with a relatively weaker CD4 cell count signal. Later in the course of infection, CD38 level remained the strongest predictive marker and CD4 cell count registered a marked increase in prognostic power. Among untreated individuals, there was little difference in prognosis (median time to AIDS) associated with given marker values regardless of infection duration. The prognosis given a specific viral load level tended to deteriorate late in the course of infection among those undergoing tre
10.1097/00126334-200204010-00004
11917238
ADP-ribosyl Cyclase ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1 Adult *Antigens, CD Antigens, Differentiation/*metabolism Biomarkers CD4 Lymphocyte Count CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/metabolism Cohort Studies Disease Progression HIV Infections/immunology/*physiopathology/virology HIV-1/isolation & purification/*physiology Humans Male Membrane Glycoproteins Middle Aged NAD+ Nucleosidase/*metabolism Predictive Value of Tests Prognosis RNA, Viral/*blood Time Factors *Viral Load
J. V. L. Giorgi, R. H., Matud, J. L., Yamashita, T. E., Mellors, J. W., Hultin, L. E., Jamieson, B. D., Margolick, J. B., Rinaldo, C. R., Jr., Phair, J. P., Detels, R., Multicenter, Aids Cohort Study (2002). Predictive value of immunologic and virologic markers after long or short duration of HIV-1 infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 29(4), 346-55.
Journal Article
Prevalence and correlates of highly active antiretroviral therapy switching in the Women's Interagency HIV Study
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2002
15-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11981366
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe the variability in highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimens over time, the extent to which individuals switch, and the characteristics of those who are switching. METHODS: We evaluated data collected between 1994 and 2000 from 1056 HIV-positive women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) who reported initiating HAART. We described the variability and prevalence of changes in HAART regimens between semiannual visits, estimated time to switch using Kaplan-Meier methods, investigated factors associated with a first switch using Cox proportional hazards models, and compared disease markers among women switching or remaining on unchanged HAART regimens. RESULTS: We demonstrated a 13-fold increase in the number of unique HAART regimens reported since mid-1996 and showed that the amount of time spent on the first, second, or third regimen is similar, with an 8-month median time to switching or discontinuing the i
10.1097/00126334-200204150-00010
11981366
Adolescent Adult *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Drug Administration Schedule Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy Humans Middle Aged Proportional Hazards Models RNA, Viral/blood Time Factors
L. M. G. Kirstein, R. M., Anastos, K., Levine, A., French, A. L., Minkoff, H., Silver, S., Gange, S. J., Women's Interagency, H. I. V. Study Collaborative Research Group (2002). Prevalence and correlates of highly active antiretroviral therapy switching in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 29(5), 495-503.
Journal Article
Neurocognitive aspects of medication adherence in HIV infection
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2002
15-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12562036
Strict adherence to the current highly active antiretroviral therapies (HAART) is a prerequisite for treatment success. The complexities of the treatment regimens places high demands on motivational and cognitive factors, and studies of cognitive predictors of adherence are just beginning to emerge. Traditional measures of new learning and recall may not be among the best neuropsychologic predictors of adherence. Rather, certain aspects of frontal and executive functioning appear to be more strongly associated with good adherence.
10.1097/00126334-200212153-00009
12562036
AIDS-Associated Nephropathy/drug therapy/psychology Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*psychology Cognition Disorders/*complications Forecasting HIV Infections/complications/*drug therapy Humans Memory Neuropsychological Tests *Patient Compliance
O. A. Selnes (2002). Neurocognitive aspects of medication adherence in HIV infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 31 Suppl 3(), S132-5.
Journal Article
Effectiveness of highly active antiretroviral therapy among HIV-1 infected women
J Epidemiol Community Health
2002
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11812817
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To describe the impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on mortality, morbidity, and markers of HIV disease progression in HIV infected women. DESIGN: Data collected from the Women's Interagency HIV Study, a prospective cohort study that enrolled women between October 1994 and November 1995. SETTING: Six clinical consortia based in five cities in the United States (New York, NY; Washington, DC; Los Angeles, CA; San Francisco, CA; and Chicago, IL). PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1691 HIV seropositive women with a study visit after April 1996. MAIN RESULTS: Beginning in April 1996, the self reported use of HAART increased over time, with more than 50% of the cohort reporting HAART use in 1999. There was a 23% decline per semester in the incidence of AIDS from April 1996 (95% confidence intervals (CI) -29% to -16%). Furthermore, there was a 21% decline of the semiannual mortality rates among those with AIDS at baseline (95% CI -27% to -14%) and an 11% decline amo
10.1136/jech.56.2.153
11812817
PMC1732079
Adolescent Adult Aged Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*methods CD4-CD8 Ratio CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/mortality Humans Middle Aged United States/epidemiology
S. J. B. Gange, Y., Greenblatt, R. M., Anastos, K., Minkoff, H., Young, M., Kovacs, A., Cohen, M., Meyer, W. A., 3rd, Munoz, A., Women's Interagency, H. I. V. Study Collaborative Study Group (2002). Effectiveness of highly active antiretroviral therapy among HIV-1 infected women. J Epidemiol Community Health, 56(2), 153-9. PMC1732079
Journal Article
Immune recovery in HIV disease: role of the thymus and T cell expansion in immune reconstitution strategies
J Hematother Stem Cell Res
2002
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12427284
While the progressive depletion of CD4(+) T cells is the hallmark of the impact of HIV on the immune system, considerable data also point to the loss of T cell function. The question is: Can the immune system recover from this insult and what are the therapeutic strategies available to us to mediate this immune recovery? This review will focus on our current knowledge of immune recovery following treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Enhancement of thymic function in generating de novo T cell synthesis post-HAART has also emerged as a viable immune recovery strategy. Advances in molecular (T cell receptor excision circle assay) and conventional (computed tomography scans of the thymus) approaches to evaluate the role of the thymus in immune recovery as well as potential agents that might enhance thymic output (interleukin-7, IL-7) will contribute greatly to the assessment of the success of these approaches as immune recovery strategies. In this review, we will in
10.1089/152581602760404586
12427284
Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology Cell Division Cytokines/immunology HIV Infections/*immunology Humans Immune System Interleukin-7/immunology/physiology Models, Biological Phenotype Thymus Gland/*immunology Time Factors
L. L. Al-Harthi, A. (2002). Immune recovery in HIV disease: role of the thymus and T cell expansion in immune reconstitution strategies. J Hematother Stem Cell Res, 11(5), 777-86.
Journal Article
Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in cervical lavage fluids of human immunodeficiency virus type 1--infected women
J Infect Dis
2002
15-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11865395
Studies were designed to determine whether cervical antibodies in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected women participate in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Serum and cervical lavage fluid (CVL) ADCC titers were compared with plasma virus load and CD4 cell number in 45 infected and 10 uninfected women from the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Serum and CVL were incubated with normal peripheral blood lymphocytes and HIV-1 gp120-bearing target cells in a standard (51)Cr-release assay. When stringent criteria were used to define ADCC activity, 63% had activity in > or = 1 fluid sample, 56% had serum titers, and 16% had CVL titers. Serum titers did not predict CVL titers. Three women with CVL ADCC had no serum ADCC, which suggests that ADCC antibodies may be produced locally. ADCC antibodies are present in the cervicovaginal fluids, which indicates that this form of innate immunity can contribute to mucosal defense against HIV-1.
10.1086/338828
11865395
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology/transmission/virology *Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity Cervix Uteri/*immunology Female HIV Antibodies/*immunology HIV-1/*immunology Humans Immunity, Innate Sexual Behavior Viral Load
K. E. Battle-Miller, C. A., Landay, A. L., Cohen, M. H., Sha, B. E., Baum, L. L. (2002). Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in cervical lavage fluids of human immunodeficiency virus type 1--infected women. J Infect Dis, 185(4), 439-47.
Journal Article
Increased risk of high-grade anal neoplasia associated with a human papillomavirus type 16 E6 sequence variant
J Infect Dis
2002
1-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12001039
Expression of the E6 and E7 genes of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 have been implicated in the etiology of anogenital premalignant and malignant lesions. To evaluate whether variations in the HPV-16 E6 sequence were related to the incidence of high-grade anal neoplasia, 628 HPV-16-positive anal specimens from 193 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and 59 HIV-negative participants were typed for variations in 15 E6 nucleotide positions. Although most participants were infected with a prototype strain, 15 (6%) carried the G131 variant, and 12 (5%) were infected with the Af1a variant. Two new variants not previously reported were identified as well. An elevated risk for high-grade anal squamous intraepithelial lesions was associated with infection by G131 variants, compared with the prototype strain (odds ratio, 3.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-10), after controlling for HIV status. These data provide further evidence for HPV strain variation as a factor in determining the
10.1086/340125
12001039
Amino Acid Sequence Anus Neoplasms/*etiology/virology Female HIV Infections/virology Humans Male Molecular Sequence Data Oncogene Proteins, Viral/chemistry/*genetics *Repressor Proteins Risk
M. M. H. Da Costa, C. J., Holly, E. A., Palefsky, J. M. (2002). Increased risk of high-grade anal neoplasia associated with a human papillomavirus type 16 E6 sequence variant. J Infect Dis, 185(9), 1229-37.
Journal Article
High levels of antibodies to the CD4 binding domain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 glycoprotein 120 are associated with faster disease progression
J Infect Dis
2002
15-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12134256
Human monoclonal antibodies (Abs) to the CD4 binding domain of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 glycoprotein (gp) 120 (gp120(CD4bd)) inhibit gp120 presentation to gp120-specific T helper (Th) cells. Since Th responses are critical to control HIV, anti-gp120(CD4bd) Abs could be involved in HIV pathogenesis. Therefore, anti-gp120(CD4bd) Ab levels were compared in serum samples from matched pairs of HIV-positive rapid progressors (RPs) and slow progressors (SPs). Many RPs had higher levels of anti-gp120(CD4bd) Abs than their corresponding SPs. However, Ab levels to whole gp120 and to its C5 domain were similar. Hence, the higher levels of anti-gp120(CD4bd) Abs detected in the serum of RPs do not reflect generalized increases in Ab levels to whole gp120. Moreover, anti-gp120(CD4bd) Ab levels correlated with the amount of inhibition of gp120-specific Th proliferation in the presence of respective serum immunoglobulin G. These findings document a novel mechanism of HIV pathogenesis
10.1086/341297
12134256
Binding Sites CD4 Antigens/*immunology/metabolism CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology Cohort Studies Disease Progression Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay HIV Antibodies/*blood HIV Envelope Protein gp120/*immunology/metabolism HIV Infections/*immunology/pathology HIV-1/*immunology Humans Male Protein Structure, Tertiary Retrospective Studies
P. C. Chien, Jr., Cohen, S., Kleeberger, C., Giorgi, J., Phair, J., Zolla-Pazner, S., Hioe, C. E. (2002). High levels of antibodies to the CD4 binding domain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 glycoprotein 120 are associated with faster disease progression. J Infect Dis, 186(2), 205-13.
Journal Article
Neuropsychological functioning in a cohort of HIV infected women: importance of antiretroviral therapy
J Int Neuropsychol Soc
2002
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12240742
We evaluated neurocognitive function in 149 HIV-seropositive and 82 seronegative women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), a large multi-center study of disease progression in women living with HIV/AIDS. We evaluated the prevalence of abnormal neuropsychological (NP) test findings in HIV-seropositive and seronegative women and factors associated with increased risk of abnormal NP test performance. Risk of NP impairment was no higher for HIV positive women receiving antiretroviral therapy at testing than for HIV-negative women (OR = 1.00). However, the risk of abnormal NP performance increased significantly for seropositive women not receiving antiretroviral therapy (OR = 2.43). Further, treatment status was a significant predictor of NP impairment in a multivariate analysis that included viral load (OR = 1.48) and CD4 count (OR = 1.08) which were not significant. The multivariate analyses controlled for substance use, age, education, head injury, ethnicity, estimated
10.1017/s1355617702860064
12240742
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Female HIV Infections/drug therapy/epidemiology/*psychology Humans Middle Aged *Neuropsychological Tests Psychiatric Status Rating Scales Risk Factors Substance-Related Disorders/psychology United States/epidemiology
J. L. M. Richardson, E. M., Jimenez, N., Danley, K., Cohen, M., Carson, V. L., Sinclair, B., Racenstein, J. M., Reed, R. A., Levine, A. M. (2002). Neuropsychological functioning in a cohort of HIV infected women: importance of antiretroviral therapy. J Int Neuropsychol Soc, 8(6), 781-93.
Journal Article
Tissue microarrays in the study of non-neoplastic disease of the nervous system
J Neuropathol Exp Neurol
2002
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12152780
Tissue microarrays (TMAs), also known as "tissue chips," are a recently developed method that allows small cores or discs of tissue from dozens or hundreds of (usually paraffin-embedded) specimens to be re-embedded in a tissue block, which can then be further sectioned. The tissue cores can subsequently be studied using any combination of techniques, including immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization (ISH). fluorescence ISH, and in situ polymerase chain reaction (PCR). To date, the technique has found greatest use in the analysis of neoplasms, including gliomas. We describe, and provide examples of, how TMAs might be utilized in investigation of autopsy (or biopsy) tissues from individuals with non-neoplastic disease, especially to address questions that require systematic review of multiple (nearly) identical brain regions across dozens or hundreds of cases. Specific questions related to patterns of protein expression (e.g. tau, Abeta, alpha-synuclein) in multiple regions of large
10.1093/jnen/61.8.653
12152780
Humans Immunohistochemistry Infections/genetics Inflammation/genetics Nervous System Diseases/*genetics Neurodegenerative Diseases/genetics *Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis/methods
J. S. Goldstine, D. B., Beizai, P., Miyata, H., Vinters, H. V. (2002). Tissue microarrays in the study of non-neoplastic disease of the nervous system. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol, 61(8), 653-62.
Journal Article
The CNS in AIDS: Cerebral microgliosis and astrogliosis in the pre-HAART vs. post-HAART eras.
J Neuropathol Exp Neurol
2002
May
AIDS category: neuropsychological/neurological CNS
P. V. Beizai, H. V. (2002). The CNS in AIDS: Cerebral microgliosis and astrogliosis in the pre-HAART vs. post-HAART eras.. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol, 61(5), 463-463.
Journal Article
The epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus-associated neurological disease in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy
J Neurovirol
2002
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12491162
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is effective in suppressing systemic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viral load and has decreased mortality rates and the incidence of systemic opportunistic infections in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Multiple studies now suggest that the incidence rates of HIV-associated neurological disease and central nervous system (CNS) opportunistic infections also are decreasing. Since the introduction of HAART in 1996, the incidence of HIV dementia has decreased by approximately 50%. The mean CD4 cell count for new cases of HIV dementia is increasing, but it remains as a complication of moderate-advanced immunosuppression. The incidence of HIV-associated distal sensory polyneuropathy has decreased, although the incidence of antiretroviral drug-induced toxic neuropathy has increased. However, as patients with AIDS live longer as a result of HAART, the prevalence of peripheral neuropathy in HIV-seropositive patients may b
10.1080/13550280290101094
12491162
AIDS Dementia Complex/*drug therapy/*epidemiology AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/drug therapy/epidemiology *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Humans
N. Sacktor (2002). The epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus-associated neurological disease in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Neurovirol, 8 Suppl 2(), 115-21.
Journal Article
Immune-mediated positive selection drives human immunodeficiency virus type 1 molecular variation and predicts disease duration
J Virol
2002
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12388731
Using likelihood-based evolutionary methods, we demonstrate that the broad genetic diversity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in an infected individual is a consequence of site-specific positive selection for diversity, a likely consequence of immune recognition. In particular, the extent of positive selection appears to be a good predictor of disease duration. Positively selected sites along HIV-1 partial env sequences are numerous but not distributed uniformly. In a sample of eight patients studied longitudinally, the proportion of sites per sample under positive selection was a statistically significant predictor of disease duration. Among long-term progressors, positive selection persisted at sites over time and appears to be associated with helper T-cell epitopes. In contrast, sites under positive selection shifted from one longitudinal sample to the next in short-term progressors. Our study is consistent with the hypothesis that a broad and persistent immunologic re
10.1128/jvi.76.22.11715-11720.2002
12388731
PMC136752
Disease Progression Genes, env/genetics *Genetic Variation HIV Infections/*immunology/virology *HIV Long-Term Survivors HIV-1/*genetics Humans Phylogeny *Selection, Genetic
H. A. R. Ross, A. G. (2002). Immune-mediated positive selection drives human immunodeficiency virus type 1 molecular variation and predicts disease duration. J Virol, 76(22), 11715-20. PMC136752
Journal Article
Distribution of chemokine receptor CCR2 and CCR5 genotypes and their relative contribution to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) seroconversion, early HIV-1 RNA concentration in plasma, and later disease progression
J Virol
2002
Jan-02
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11752157
At the CC (beta) chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) and CCR5 loci, combinations of common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and a 32- bp deletion (Delta32) form nine stable haplotypes (designated A through G*2). The distribution of these CCR2-CCR5 haplotypes was examined among 703 participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), the District of Columbia Gay (DCG) Study, and the San Francisco Men's Health Study (SFMHS). Highly exposed and persistently seronegative (HEPS; n = 90) Caucasian men from MACS more frequently carried heterozygous G*2 (Delta32) genotypes (especially A/G*2) and less frequently carried the homozygous E/E genotype compared with 469 Caucasian seroconverters (SCs) from the same cohort (P = 0.004 to 0.042). Among 341 MACS Caucasian SCs with 6- to 12-month human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) seroconversion intervals and no potent antiretroviral therapy, mean plasma HIV-1 RNA level during the initial 42 months after seroconversion was higher in carriers o
10.1128/jvi.76.2.662-672.2002
11752157
PMC136835
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Adult AIDS blood category: genetics Caucasoid Race Chi-Square Distribution cohort Cohort Studies cohort study diagnosis Disease Disease Progression District of Columbia epidemiology follow-up genetics Genotype Haplotypes Hiv-1 HIV-1 infection HIV Seropositivity Human human immunodeficiency virus immunodeficiency immunology infection MACS marker markers Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Negroid Race Phenotype physiology Prognosis progression Receptors,CCR5 Receptors,Chemokine Rna,Viral seroconversion study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. therapy Time Factors Treatment Outcome United States virology virus
J. S. Tang, B., Makhatadze, N.J., Zhang, Y., Schaen, M., Louie, L.G., Goedert, J.J., Seaberg, E.C., Margolick, J.B., Mellors, J., Kaslow, R.A. (2002). Distribution of chemokine receptor CCR2 and CCR5 genotypes and their relative contribution to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) seroconversion, early HIV-1 RNA concentration in plasma, and later disease progression. J Virol, 76(2), 662-672. PMC136835
Journal Article
A variable region 3 (V3) mutation determines a global neutralization phenotype and CD4-independent infectivity of a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope associated with a broadly cross-reactive, primary virus-neutralizing antibody response
J Virol
2002
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11752155
The human serum human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-neutralizing serum 2 (HNS2) neutralizes many primary isolates of different clades of HIV-1, and virus expressing envelope from the same donor, clone R2, is neutralized cross-reactively by HIV-immune human sera. The basis for this cross-reactivity was investigated. It was found that a rare mutation in the proximal limb of variable region 3 (V3), 313-4 PM, caused virus pseudotyped with the R2 envelope to be highly sensitive to neutralization by monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed against conformation-sensitive epitopes at the tip of the V3 loop, such as 19b, and moderately sensitive to MAbs against CD4 binding site (CD4bs) and CD4-induced (CD4i) epitopes, soluble CD4 (sCD4), and HNS2. In addition, introduction of this sequence by mutagenesis caused enhanced sensitivity to neutralization by 19b, anti-CD4i MAb, and HNS2 in three other primary HIV-1 envelopes and by anti-CD4bs MAb and sCD4 in one of the three. The 313-4 PM sequen
10.1128/jvi.76.2.644-655.2002
11752155
PMC136808
Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology Antibody Specificity/immunology CD4 Antigens/physiology Cell Line Cross Reactions/*immunology Cyclization DNA, Recombinant/genetics Epitopes/chemistry/genetics/immunology Gene Products, env/chemistry/genetics/*immunology HIV Antibodies/*immunology HIV Antigens/chemistry/genetics/*immunology HIV-1/chemistry/genetics/*immunology/physiology Humans Immune Sera/immunology Mutation/*genetics *Neutralization Tests Peptide Fragments/chemical synthesis/chemistry/immunology Phenotype
P. F. B. Zhang, P., Park, E. J., Margolick, J. B., Robinson, J. E., Zolla-Pazner, S., Flora, M. N., Quinnan, G. V., Jr. (2002). A variable region 3 (V3) mutation determines a global neutralization phenotype and CD4-independent infectivity of a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope associated with a broadly cross-reactive, primary virus-neutralizing antibody response. J Virol, 76(2), 644-55. PMC136808
Journal Article
Increased CCR5 affinity and reduced CCR5/CD4 dependence of a neurovirulent primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolate
J Virol
2002
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12021361
Most human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) viruses in the brain use CCR5 as the principal coreceptor for entry into a cell. However, additional phenotypic characteristics are necessary for HIV-1 neurotropism. Furthermore, neurotropic strains are not necessarily neurovirulent. To better understand the determinants of HIV-1 neurovirulence, we isolated viruses from brain tissue samples from three AIDS patients with dementia and HIV-1 encephalitis and analyzed their ability to induce syncytia in monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) and neuronal apoptosis in primary brain cultures. Two R5X4 viruses (MACS1-br and MACS1-spln) were highly fusogenic in MDM and induced neuronal apoptosis. The R5 viruses UK1-br and MACS2-br are both neurotropic. However, only UK1-br induced high levels of fusion in MDM and neuronal apoptosis. Full-length Env clones from UK1-br required lower CCR5 and CD4 levels than Env clones from MACS2-br to function efficiently in cell-to-cell fusion and single-round infec
10.1128/jvi.76.12.6277-6292.2002
12021361
PMC136234
AIDS Dementia Complex/*virology Amino Acid Sequence Brain/virology CD4 Antigens/metabolism Encephalitis, Viral/*virology Giant Cells/physiology HIV Envelope Protein gp160/chemistry/genetics HIV-1/isolation & purification/*pathogenicity Humans Macrophages/virology Molecular Sequence Data Monocytes/virology Neurons/pathology/*virology Organ Culture Techniques Receptors, CCR5/*metabolism Virulence
P. R. T. Gorry, J., Holm, G. H., Mehle, A., Morgan, T., Cayabyab, M., Farzan, M., Wang, H., Bell, J. E., Kunstman, K., Moore, J. P., Wolinsky, S. M., Gabuzda, D. (2002). Increased CCR5 affinity and reduced CCR5/CD4 dependence of a neurovirulent primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolate. J Virol, 76(12), 6277-92. PMC136234
Journal Article
Induction of anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) CD8(+) and CD4(+) T-cell reactivity by dendritic cells loaded with HIV-1 X4-infected apoptotic cells
J Virol
2002
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11861866
T-cell responses to X4 strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) are considered important in controlling progression of HIV-1 infection. We investigated the ability of dendritic cells (DC) and various forms of HIV-1 X4 antigen to induce anti-HIV-1 T-cell responses in autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HIV-1-infected persons. Immature DC loaded with HIV-1 IIIB-infected, autologous, apoptotic CD8(-) cells and matured with CD40 ligand induced gamma interferon production in autologous CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells. In contrast, mature DC loaded with HIV-1 IIIB-infected, necrotic cells or directly infected with cell-free HIV-1 IIIB were poorly immunogenic. Thus, HIV-1-infected cells undergoing apoptosis serve as a rich source of X4 antigen for CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells by DC. This may be an important mechanism of HIV-1 immunogenicity and provides a strategy for immunotherapy of HIV-1-infected patients on combination antiretroviral therapy.
10.1128/jvi.76.6.3007-3014.2002
11861866
PMC135963
*Apoptosis CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology Dendritic Cells/*immunology HIV Antigens/immunology HIV-1/classification/*immunology Humans Leukocytes, Mononuclear/physiology/*virology
X. Q. H. Zhao, X. L., Gupta, P., Borowski, L., Fan, Z., Watkins, S. C., Thomas, E. K., Rinaldo, C. R., Jr. (2002). Induction of anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) CD8(+) and CD4(+) T-cell reactivity by dendritic cells loaded with HIV-1 X4-infected apoptotic cells. J Virol, 76(6), 3007-14. PMC135963
Journal Article
Predictors of proteinuria and renal failure among women with HIV infection
Kidney Int
2002
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11786101
BACKGROUND: Glomerular disease with proteinuria and renal failure are complications of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. While studies suggest risk factors for both include black race and lower CD4 lymphocyte count, they have not been established in population-based cohorts. This study examines the risk factors for proteinuria and renal failure in a large cohort of HIV-infected women not selected for the presence of renal disease. METHODS: This prospective cohort includes 2059 women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV study (WIHS). WIHS is a longitudinal study of the clinical course of HIV infection in which subjects are followed biannually with a detailed exam including urine analysis, serum creatinine, CD4 lymphocyte count, and HIV RNA level. Proteinuria was defined as > or =+1 on urine dipstick exam on at least two consecutive urine analyses, and renal failure was defined as a doubling of serum creatinine. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the as
10.1046/j.1523-1755.2002.00094.x
11786101
Adult CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology Cohort Studies Female Follow-Up Studies HIV Infections/*epidemiology Hepatitis C/epidemiology Humans Longitudinal Studies Middle Aged Predictive Value of Tests Prospective Studies Proteinuria/diagnosis/*epidemiology/*virology Renal Insufficiency/diagnosis/*epidemiology/*virology Risk Factors
L. A. G. Szczech, S. J., van der Horst, C., Bartlett, J. A., Young, M., Cohen, M. H., Anastos, K., Klassen, P. S., Svetkey, L. P. (2002). Predictors of proteinuria and renal failure among women with HIV infection. Kidney Int, 61(1), 195-202.
Journal Article
Vitamin A deficiency and genital viral burden in women infected with HIV-1
Lancet
2002
6-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11955543
The relation between vitamin A (retinol) deficiency and perinatal transmission of HIV-1, if it exists, might be mediated through an increased viral load in the mother's genital tract. To ascertain whether or not such an association is present, we measured the serum concentration of retinol with high performance liquid chromatography, and correlated the results with concurrent quantified HIV-1 RNA concentrations in cervicovaginal lavage fluid in 301 women infected with the virus. We noted no association between retinol status and genital HIV-1 load. Our findings lend support to those of studies that reported no association between retinol deficiency and perinatal HIV-1 transmission.
10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08226-0
11955543
Adult Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid Female Genital Diseases, Female/*blood HIV Infections/blood/*etiology/*transmission *hiv-1 Humans *Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical Pregnancy RNA, Viral/blood Risk Factors Viral Load Vitamin A/*blood Vitamin A Deficiency/blood/*complications
A. L. C. French, M. H., Gange, S. J., Burger, H., Gao, W., Semba, R. D., Meyer, W. A., 3rd, Robison, E., Anastos, K. (2002). Vitamin A deficiency and genital viral burden in women infected with HIV-1. Lancet, 359(9313), 1210-2.
Journal Article
HIV-1, hepatitis B virus, and risk of liver-related mortality in the Multicenter Cohort Study (MACS)
Lancet
2002
14-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12493258
BACKGROUND: Although coinfection with HIV-1 and hepatitis B virus (HBV) is common, few long-term studies on liver-disease mortality in coinfected people have been undertaken. Our aim was to examine liver-related mortality among people at risk for HIV-1 and HBV infections. METHODS: We used data from a multicentre, prospective cohort study to classify 5293 men who had sex with men, according to their HIV-1 antibody status, ascertained semiannually, and their hepatitis-B surface antigen status (HBsAg), which we ascertained at baseline. Mortality rates were estimated in terms of person-years and Poisson regression methods were used to test for significance of relative risks. FINDINGS: 326 (6%) men were HBsAg positive, of whom 213 (65%) were HIV-1 positive. Of the 4967 HBsAg negative men, 2346 (47%) were infected with HIV-1. The liver-related mortality rate was 1.1/1000 person years, and was higher in men with HIV-1 and HBsAg (14.2/1000) than in those with only HIV-1 infection (1.7/1000, p<
10.1016/s0140-6736(02)11913-1
12493258
Adult CD4 Antigens/*blood Cohort Studies HIV Infections/*complications/mortality *hiv-1 Hepatitis B/*complications/mortality Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/blood Hepatitis B virus/isolation & purification *Homosexuality, Male Humans Male Risk Factors
C. L. S. Thio, E. C., Skolasky, R., Jr., Phair, J., Visscher, B., Munoz, A., Thomas, D. L., Multicenter, Aids Cohort Study (2002). HIV-1, hepatitis B virus, and risk of liver-related mortality in the Multicenter Cohort Study (MACS). Lancet, 360(9349), 1921-6.
Journal Article
Persistence of dual-tropic HIV-1 in an individual homozygous for the CCR5D32 allele
Lancet
2002
5/25/2002
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12044382
Entry of HIV-1 into a cell happens only after viral envelope glycoproteins have bound to CD4 and a chemokine receptor. Generally, macrophage-tropic strains use CCR5, and T cell-line-tropic strains use CXCR4 as coreceptors for virus entry. Dual-tropic viruses can use both CCR5 and CXCR4. About 1% of white people are homozygous for a non- functional CCR5 allele, containing a 32 base pair deletion (CCR5 Delta 32). We studied the persistence of dual-tropic HIV-1 in an individual homozygous for this deletion. Our results suggest that structural features of the HIV-1 envelope linked to CCR5 tropism could confer a selective advantage in vivo
10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08681-6
12044382
Adult AIDS Alleles Antigens Antigens,CD8 Boston cancer Case Report category: genetics CD4 CD4 Lymphocyte Count CD8 genetics Hiv-1 HIV Seropositivity Homozygote Human immunology Male metabolism physiology Receptors,CCR5 Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. Tropism virus Virus Replication Viruses
P. R. Z. Gorry, C., Wu, S., Kunstman, K., Trachtenberg, E., Phair, J., Wolinsky, S., Gabuzda, D. (2002). Persistence of dual-tropic HIV-1 in an individual homozygous for the CCR5D32 allele. Lancet, 359(9320), 1832-1834.
Journal Article
State AIDS Drug Assistance Programs: equity and efficiency in an era of rapidly changing treatment standards
Med Care
2002
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11961477
BACKGROUND: The 54 state AIDS Drug Assistance Programs (ADAP) provide medications to HIV-infected persons with limited resources. Eligibility and coverage vary, raising concerns about health inequities. OBJECTIVE: To compare the relative clinical and economic performance of ADAP programs. RESEARCH DESIGN: A state-transition simulation model of HIV disease was used to explore the clinical consequences and lifetime costs associated with selected state policies. Clinical data came from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 320, and other published randomized trials. Cost data came from the national AIDS Cost and Services Utilization Survey, and the 1999 Red Book. ADAP data came from National Association of State and Territorial AIDS Directors reports and interviews. MEASURES: Projected life expectancy, quality-adjusted life expectancy, total lifetime direct medical costs, cost-effectiveness in dollars per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained. RESULTS:
10.1097/00005650-200205000-00008
11961477
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/blood/*drug therapy/economics/mortality/psychology Anti-HIV Agents/*economics CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cost of Illness Cost-Benefit Analysis Direct Service Costs/statistics & numerical data Disease Progression Efficiency, Organizational Eligibility Determination Health Services Accessibility/economics/*standards Humans Insurance Coverage *Insurance, Pharmaceutical Services/economics/standards Life Expectancy Medical Assistance/*organization & administration Models, Econometric Organizational Innovation Quality-Adjusted Life Years State Health Plans/*organization & administration United States/epidemiology
M. D. P. Johri, A., Goldie, S. J., Freedberg, K. A. (2002). State AIDS Drug Assistance Programs: equity and efficiency in an era of rapidly changing treatment standards. Med Care, 40(5), 429-41.
Journal Article
Epistatic interaction between KIR3DS1 and HLA-B delays the progression to AIDS
Nat Genet
2002
Aug-02
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12134147
Natural killer (NK) cells provide defense in the early stages of the innate immune response against viral infections by producing cytokines and causing cytotoxicity. The killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) on NK cells regulate the inhibition and activation of NK-cell responses through recognition of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules on target cells KIR and HLA loci are both highly polymorphic, and some HLA class I products bind and trigger cell-surface receptors specified by KIR genes. Here we report that the activating KIR allele KIR3DS1, in combination with HLA-B alleles that encode molecules with isoleucine at position 80 (HLA-B Bw4-80Ile), is associated with delayed progression to AIDS in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). In the absence of KIR3DS1, the HLA-B Bw4-80Ile allele was not associated with any of the AIDS outcomes measured. By contrast, in the absence of HLA-B Bw4-80Ile alleles, KIR3DS1 was significantly associated
10.1038/ng934
12134147
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome activation AIDS Alleles Antigens category: genetics Caucasoid Race CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes cells cytokine Cytokines cytotoxicity Disease Progression epidemiology Epistasis,Genetic Epitopes Genetic Predisposition to Disease genetics Hiv-1 HIV-1 infection HLA-B Antigens Human human immunodeficiency virus immune immunodeficiency immunology infection infections Isoleucine Killer Cells,Natural Ligands Maryland model Multicenter Studies Negroid Race outcome progression Receptors,Immunologic Regression Analysis research response study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. Survival Rate t-cells t cell United States virology virus
M. P. G. Martin, X., Lee, J.H., Nelson, G.W., Detels, R., Goedert, J.J., Buchbinder, S., Hoots, K., Vlahov, D., Trowsdale, J., Wilson, M., O'Brien, S.J., Carrington, M. (2002). Epistatic interaction between KIR3DS1 and HLA-B delays the progression to AIDS. Nat Genet, 31(4), 429-434.
Journal Article
Relationships among brain metabolites, cognitive function, and viral loads in antiretroviral-naive HIV patients
Neuroimage
2002
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12414302
This study aims to determine the relationship among cerebral metabolite concentrations (on proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy or (1)H MRS), cognitive function, and clinical variables (CD4, plasma and CSF viral loads, and lipids) in antiretroviral medication-nai;ve HIV patients. We hypothesized that the probable glial markers myo-inositol [MI] and choline compounds [CHO] would correlate with cognitive function, CD4 count, and viral loads, but not with serum lipids. Forty-five antiretroviral-drug-nai;ve HIV patients and 25 control subjects were evaluated. Frontal lobe [MI], [CHO], and total creatine [CR] were elevated, while basal ganglia [CR] were decreased, with increasing dementia severity. As a group, HIV patients showed slowing on fine motor (Grooved Pegboard) and psychomotor function (Trails A & B), and deficits on executive function (Stroop tasks). Lower CD4 counts and elevated plasma viral loads were associated with elevated frontal white matter [MI], which in turn correlated
10.1006/nimg.2002.1254
12414302
AIDS Dementia Complex/*diagnosis/physiopathology Adult Aspartic Acid/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism Basal Ganglia/pathology/physiopathology Brain/pathology/*physiopathology CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cerebral Cortex/pathology/physiopathology Choline/metabolism Creatine/metabolism Energy Metabolism/*physiology Female Humans *Image Processing, Computer-Assisted Inositol/metabolism *Magnetic Resonance Imaging *Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Male *Neuropsychological Tests *Viral Load/classification
L. E. Chang, T., Witt, M. D., Ames, N., Gaiefsky, M., Miller, E. (2002). Relationships among brain metabolites, cognitive function, and viral loads in antiretroviral-naive HIV patients. Neuroimage, 17(3), 1638-48.
Journal Article
A case-control study of HIV-1-related dementia and co-infection with HHV-8
Neurology
2002
24-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12297590
This nested case-control study assessed the putative protective effect of human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) against HIV-1-related dementia (dementia). The HHV-8 seropositivity of 210 male age- and HIV disease stage-matched cases and controls was compared. The overall HHV-8 seropositivity of 66% was similar among demented HIV-infected cases and nondemented HIV-infected controls.
10.1212/wnl.59.6.950
12297590
AIDS Dementia Complex/blood/*epidemiology/virology Adult Case-Control Studies Confidence Intervals *hiv-1 *Herpesvirus 8, Human Humans Logistic Models Male Multivariate Analysis Odds Ratio Sarcoma, Kaposi/blood/*epidemiology/virology
S. M. Polk, A., Sacktor, N. C., Jenkins, F. J., Cohen, B., Miller, E. N., Jacobson, L. P. (2002). A case-control study of HIV-1-related dementia and co-infection with HHV-8. Neurology, 59(6), 950-3.
Journal Article
Differences in risk factors among clinical types of oral candidiasis in the Women's Interagency HIV Study
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod
2002
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11805777
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and concurrence/associations of oral candidiasis types and multiple risk factors in women. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional analysis of baseline data for 577 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive and 152 HIV-seronegative women from the Women's Interagency HIV Study was conducted. Pseudomembranous candidiasis (PC) and erythematous (EC) candidiasis, angular cheilitis (AC), and denture stomatitis (DS) were studied, and bivariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: Prevalences were 8% for PC, 7% for EC, 18% for DS, and 3% for AC; all except AC usually occurred alone. HIV seropositivity was associated with PC, EC, and DS, but not AC. Among HIV-seropositive women, low CD4 cell counts were associated with PC, but not with EC or DS. Heroin/methadone use was associated with PC and EC; salivary hypofunction was associated with PC; high viral load was associated with EC, and poor oral hygiene,
10.1067/moe.2002.120050
11805777
Adult Biomarkers CD4 Lymphocyte Count Candidiasis, Oral/classification/*complications/*epidemiology Cheilitis/complications/epidemiology Chi-Square Distribution Cross-Sectional Studies Drug Utilization Female HIV Seropositivity/*complications HIV-1/isolation & purification Humans Longitudinal Studies Middle Aged Odds Ratio Prevalence Regression Analysis Risk Factors Stomatitis, Denture/complications/epidemiology Substance-Related Disorders/complications United States/epidemiology Viral Load *Women's Health
L. A. K. MacPhail, E., Alves, M. E., Navazesh, M., Phelan, J. A., Redford, M. (2002). Differences in risk factors among clinical types of oral candidiasis in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 93(1), 45-55.
Journal Article
Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Pharmacol Ther
2002
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12243799
In persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and/or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), the immune system becomes dysfunctional in many ways. There is both immunodeficiency due to the loss of CD4-positive T helper cells and hyperactivity as a result of B-cell activation. Likewise, both decreases and increases are seen in the production and/or activity of cytokines. Cytokine changes in HIV infection have been assessed by a variety of techniques, ranging from determination of cytokine gene expression at the mRNA level to secretion of cytokine proteins in vivo and in vitro. Changes in cytokine levels in HIV-infected persons can affect the function of the immune system, and have the potential to directly impact the course of HIV disease by enhancing or suppressing HIV replication. In particular, the balance between the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, which up-regulate HIV expression, and IL-10, which can act both
10.1016/s0163-7258(02)00263-2
12243799
*Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy/metabolism *Anti-Inflammatory Agents/metabolism/therapeutic use *Cytokines/metabolism/physiology/therapeutic use *HIV Infections/drug therapy/metabolism Humans
E. C. Breen (2002). Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Pharmacol Ther, 95(3), 295-304.
Journal Article
Use of mammographic screening by HIV-infected women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS)
Prev Med
2002
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11902857
BACKGROUND: Although HIV-positive women may be less likely than women in general to receive mammography due to socioeconomic disadvantage, HIV diagnosis may increase opportunities for medical interactions which encourage mammography. METHODS: HIV-positive (2,059) and HIV-negative (569) Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) participants reported ever/never history of mammography at baseline (in 1994, 1995) and, at each 6-month follow-up visit, if they had been screened since their last visit. National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data for 1994 were used to compare WIHS participants to U.S. women. Factors independently related to mammography were determined using logistic regression for baseline data and proportional hazards for follow-up data. Results were adjusted for age. RESULTS: Among women > or =40, fewer WIHS women, regardless of HIV status, reported screening than U.S. women (67% HIV-positive, 62% HIV-negative, 79% NHIS; P < 0.0001). First-time screening while on study was assoc
10.1006/pmed.2001.1003
11902857
Adult Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/*epidemiology Chi-Square Distribution Cohort Studies Comorbidity Confidence Intervals Diagnostic Tests, Routine/*statistics & numerical data Female HIV Infections/*epidemiology Health Services Accessibility/*statistics & numerical data Humans Mammography/*statistics & numerical data Middle Aged Odds Ratio Patient Acceptance of Health Care/*statistics & numerical data Prevalence Proportional Hazards Models Risk Assessment Risk Factors Sampling Studies Socioeconomic Factors United States/epidemiology
S. K. Preston-Martin, L. M., Pogoda, J. M., Rimer, B., Melnick, S., Masri-Lavine, L., Silver, S., Hessol, N., French, A. L., Feldman, J., Sacks, H. S., Deely, M., Levine, A. M. (2002). Use of mammographic screening by HIV-infected women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). Prev Med, 34(3), 386-92.
Journal Article
Modulating influence on HIV/AIDS by interacting RANTES gene variants
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
2002
23-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12114533
RANTES (regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted), a ligand for the CC chemokine receptor 5, potently inhibits HIV-1 replication in vitro. We tested the influence of four RANTES single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variants and their haplotypes on HIV-1 infection and AIDS progression in five AIDS cohorts. Three SNPs in the RANTES gene region on chromosome 17 (403A in the promoter, In1.1C in the first intron, and 3'222C in the 3' untranslated region) are associated with increased frequency of HIV-1 infection. The common In1.1C SNP allele is nested within an intronic regulatory sequence element that exhibits differential allele binding to nuclear proteins and a down-regulation of gene transcription. The In1.1C allele or haplotypes that include In1.1C display a strong dominant association with rapid progression to AIDS among HIV-1-infected individuals in African-American, European-American, and combined cohorts. The principal RANTES SNP genetic influence on AIDS progre
10.1073/pnas.142313799
12114533
PMC126614
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*genetics Chemokine CCL5/*genetics Cohort Studies Disease Progression Gene Expression Regulation *Genetic Variation Genotype HIV Infections/*genetics HIV Seronegativity/genetics HIV Seropositivity/*genetics HIV-1/*physiology Humans Introns Jurkat Cells Linkage Disequilibrium Luciferases/genetics Molecular Sequence Data *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide Survival Rate Time Factors Transfection
P. N. An, G. W., Wang, L., Donfield, S., Goedert, J. J., Phair, J., Vlahov, D., Buchbinder, S., Farrar, W. L., Modi, W., O'Brien, S. J., Winkler, C. A. (2002). Modulating influence on HIV/AIDS by interacting RANTES gene variants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 99(15), 10002-7. PMC126614
Journal Article
The fatty liver in AIDS
Semin Gastrointest Dis
2002
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11944634
Steatosis or fatty liver in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may result from HIV itself, the use of nucleoside analogues, concurrent infection with hepatitis B or C, alcohol use, diabetes mellitus, obesity, or combinations of these factors. Nucleoside analogues have been the focus of increasing concern, because several fatal cases of severe macrosteatosis, lactic acidosis, and hepatomegaly have been linked to the use of nucleoside analogues. Other classes of antiretroviral drugs, as well as opportunistic infections, can also cause hepatic injury without steatosis. The additive effect of these different risk factors, especially in the presence of underlying hepatic steatosis, likely contributes to the increased prevalence of hepatic abnormalities among HIV-infected individuals. The conditions under which some patients rapidly progress to hepatic failure and/or cirrhosis need to be defined. This is a US government work. There are no restrictions on its use.
11944634
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*complications/drug therapy Anti-HIV Agents/adverse effects Disease Progression Fatty Liver/etiology/*virology Humans Mitochondria, Liver/pathology Risk Factors
P. C. G. Tien, C. (2002). The fatty liver in AIDS. Semin Gastrointest Dis, 13(1), 47-54.
Journal Article
The impact of HIV infection and immunodeficiency on human papillomavirus type 6 or 11 infection and on genital warts
Sex Transm Dis
2002
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12172526
BACKGROUND: HIV infection and associated immunodeficiency are known to alter the course of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and of associated diseases. GOAL: This study investigated the association between HIV and HPV and genital warts. STUDY DESIGN: HPV testing and physical examinations were performed in two large prospective studies: the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) and the HIV Epidemiology Research Study (HERS). Statistical methods incorporating dependencies of longitudinal data were used to examine the relationship between HIV and HPV and genital warts. RESULTS: A total of 1008 HIV-seronegative and 2930 HIV-seropositive women were enrolled in the two studies. The prevalence of HPV 6 or 11 was 5.6 times higher in HIV-seropositive women in the WIHS and 3.6 times higher in the HERS. Genital wart prevalence increased by a factor of 3.2 in the WIHS and 2.7 in the HERS in HIV-seropositive women. In the WIHS, infection with HPV type 6 or 11, in comparison with no HPV infectio
10.1097/00007435-200208000-00001
12172526
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/*complications/immunology Adolescent Adult Aged CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Condylomata Acuminata/*complications/epidemiology/virology Female Genital Diseases, Female/epidemiology/*etiology/virology HIV Infections/*complications/immunology HIV Seropositivity/complications/immunology Humans Middle Aged Papillomaviridae/*isolation & purification Prevalence Prospective Studies United States/epidemiology
M. J. A. Silverberg, L., Munoz, A., Anastos, K., Burk, R. D., Cu-Uvin, S., Duerr, A., Greenblatt, R. M., Klein, R. S., Massad, S., Minkoff, H., Muderspach, L., Palefsky, J., Piessens, E., Schuman, P., Watts, H., Shah, K. V. (2002). The impact of HIV infection and immunodeficiency on human papillomavirus type 6 or 11 infection and on genital warts. Sex Transm Dis, 29(8), 427-35.
Journal Article
Prevalence of chlamydia and gonorrhoea among a population of men who have sex with men
Sex Transm Infect
2002
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12238651
OBJECTIVES: Few data are available on the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in men who have sex with men (MSM), making it difficult to develop STD screening guidelines for this population. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of urethral infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae within a large, community based population of MSM, and to assess the feasibility of rectal screening in this population. METHODS: This was a cross sectional study of 566 MSM, who were predominantly middle aged, white, asymptomatic, and engaged in sex with multiple partners. All provided a urine sample to screen for chlamydial and gonorrhoea infections using a PCR assay; rectal screening was performed on 48 participants. RESULTS: Urethral C. trachomatis infections were detected in 1/566 participants (prevalence 0.2%, 95% CI 0.004% to 1.0%), and rectal C. trachomatis infections were detected in 2/48 men (prevalence 4.2%, 95% CI 0.5% to 14.2%). No g
10.1136/sti.78.3.190
12238651
PMC1744472
Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Chlamydia Infections/diagnosis/*epidemiology Chlamydia trachomatis/isolation & purification Condoms/statistics & numerical data Cross-Sectional Studies Gonorrhea/diagnosis/*epidemiology HIV Infections/epidemiology Homosexuality, Male/*statistics & numerical data Humans Illinois/epidemiology Male Middle Aged Neisseria gonorrhoeae/isolation & purification Rectal Diseases/microbiology Risk-Taking Sensitivity and Specificity Sexual Partners
R. L. S. G. Cook, K., Silvestre, A. J., Riddler, S. A., Lassak, M., Rinaldo, C. R., Jr. (2002). Prevalence of chlamydia and gonorrhoea among a population of men who have sex with men. Sex Transm Infect, 78(3), 190-3. PMC1744472
Journal Article
Estimating the causal effect of zidovudine on CD4 count with a marginal structural model for repeated measures
Stat Med
2002
30-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12111906
Even in the absence of unmeasured confounding factors or model misspecification, standard methods for estimating the causal effect of a time-varying treatment on the mean of a repeated measures outcome (for example, GEE regression) may be biased when there are time-dependent variables that are simultaneously confounders of the effect of interest and are predicted by previous treatment. In contrast, the recently developed marginal structural models (MSMs) can provide consistent estimates of causal effects when unmeasured confounding and model misspecification are absent. We describe an MSM for repeated measures that parameterizes the marginal means of counterfactual outcomes corresponding to prespecified treatment regimes. The parameters of MSMs are estimated using a new class of estimators - inverse-probability of treatment weighted estimators. We used an MSM to estimate the effect of zidovudine therapy on mean CD4 count among HIV-infected men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. We e
10.1002/sim.1144
12111906
Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use CD4 Lymphocyte Count CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology/*drug effects Causality Cohort Studies Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic HIV Infections/*drug therapy/immunology HIV-1/*drug effects Humans Male *Models, Statistical Zidovudine/*therapeutic use
M. A. B. Hernan, B. A., Robins, J. M. (2002). Estimating the causal effect of zidovudine on CD4 count with a marginal structural model for repeated measures. Stat Med, 21(12), 1689-709.
Journal Article
The women's interagency HIV study (WIHS): research findings
Surviv News (Atlanta GA)
2002
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11966185
11966185
Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active CD4 Lymphocyte Count Female *HIV Infections/drug therapy/immunology/virology Humans *Research United States Viral Load *Women's Health
M. Hughes (2002). The women's interagency HIV study (WIHS): research findings. Surviv News (Atlanta GA), (), 1.
Journal Article
Hepatitis C and HIV co-infection: a review
World J Gastroenterol
2002
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12174359
Co-infection with hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus is common in certain populations. Among HCV (+) persons, 10 % are also HIV (+), and among HIV (+) persons, 25 % are also HCV (+). Many studies have shown that in intravenous drug users, co-infection prevalence can be as high as 90-95 %. There is increasing evidence supporting the concept that people infected with HIV have a much more rapid course of their hepatitis C infection. Treatment of co-infection is often challenging because highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) therapy is frequently hepatotoxic, especially in the presence of HCV. The purpose of this review is to describe the effects that HIV has on hepatitis C, the effects that hepatitis C has on HIV, and the treatment options in this challenging population.
10.3748/wjg.v8.i4.577
12174359
PMC4656301
Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use Female HIV Infections/*complications/drug therapy/epidemiology Hepatitis C/*complications/drug therapy/epidemiology Humans Immunity, Cellular Interferons/therapeutic use Male Ribavirin/therapeutic use
I. W. Maier, G. Y. (2002). Hepatitis C and HIV co-infection: a review. World J Gastroenterol, 8(4), 577-9. PMC4656301
Journal Article
Metabolic Manifestations
2001
Book Section
T cell receptor excision circle (TREC) content following maximum HIV suppression is equivalent in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected individuals
AIDS
2001
28-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11579236
BACKGROUND: The adult human thymus contributes to de novo T cell synthesis; such synthesis can be assessed by analyzing T cell receptor excision circles (TREC). METHODS: TREC levels were measured in total peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and CD4- and CD8-enriched cells of 29 HIV-positive patients with maximal viral suppression. The expression of CD45RA+CD45RO-, CD45RA+CD62L+, CD45RO-CD27+CD95low and HLA-DR+CD38+ was assessed using three-color flow cytometric analysis of whole blood. Thymic index score was based on computed tomographic scans of the thymus. The relationship of TREC with thymic index and the expression of the naive phenotypes was evaluated. RESULTS: TREC expression was not statistically different in these HIV-positive patients from that in age-matched HIV-negative controls. Among HIV-positive patients with CD4 cell count of > 500 x 10(6) cells/l after antiretroviral therapy (n = 15), PBMC TREC levels correlated with the expression of CD45RA+CD45RO- and CD45RA+CD6
10.1097/00002030-200109280-00003
11579236
Adult *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/metabolism CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/metabolism Female Gene Rearrangement, T-Lymphocyte/*genetics HIV Infections/drug therapy/*immunology/virology Humans Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology/*metabolism Male Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*blood Thymus Gland/*physiology Viral Load
C. M. S. Steffens, K. Y., Landay, A., Shott, S., Truckenbrod, A., Russert, M., Al-Harthi, L. (2001). T cell receptor excision circle (TREC) content following maximum HIV suppression is equivalent in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected individuals. AIDS, 15(14), 1757-64.
Journal Article
Myeloid-related protein (MRP)-8 from cervico-vaginal secretions activates HIV replication
AIDS
2001
9-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11242140
OBJECTIVES: To identify a substance found in female genital tract secretions that enhances HIV expression in infected cells. DESIGN: Cervico-vaginal lavages (CVL), collected in sterile normal saline, were fractionated and tested for HIV-inducing activity using HIV-infected monocytes. METHODS: To purify the component(s) of CVL that enhance HIV production, Mono-Q ion exchange chromatography followed by Superose-12 molecular sieve analysis, and SDS--PAGE were performed. The purified protein was identified by amino acid sequence analysis. RESULTS: SDS--PAGE of bioactive fractions showed a 14 kDa polypeptide band. Amino acid sequence analysis of selected peptides from the 14 kDa band showed 100% homology with the myeloid-related protein (MRP)-8, an inflammatory protein found in mucosal secretions. Western blot analysis revealed that bioactive CVL contained more immunoreactive MRP-8 than samples without bioactivity. The HIV-inducing activity of MRP-8 was further confirmed by showing that hum
10.1097/00002030-200103090-00002
11242140
Amino Acid Sequence Antigens, Differentiation/chemistry/isolation & purification/*pharmacology Calcium-Binding Proteins/chemistry/isolation & purification/*pharmacology Calgranulin A Cell Line Cervix Uteri/chemistry/*metabolism Female HIV-1/*genetics Humans Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology Vagina/chemistry/*metabolism Virus Activation
F. B. M. Hashemi, J., Madsen, L. D., Sha, B. E., Nacken, W., Moyer, M. B., Sorg, C., Spear, G. T. (2001). Myeloid-related protein (MRP)-8 from cervico-vaginal secretions activates HIV replication. AIDS, 15(4), 441-9.
Journal Article
The effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on cervical cytologic changes associated with oncogenic HPV among HIV-infected women
AIDS
2001
9-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11684935
OBJECTIVE: Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), a common condition among HIV-infected women, has been linked to HIV load and immune status. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) improves immunologic and virologic status. This study was undertaken to determine the relationship between HAART use and CIN. DESIGN: Cohort study. The Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) in five cities in the USA (Bronx/Manhattan, New York; Brooklyn, New York; Chicago, Illinois; Los Angeles, California; San Francisco Bay area, California; Washington, District of Columbia). METHODS: HIV-infected women were followed every 6 months with Papanicolaou smears and cervicovaginal lavage for human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing. To characterize exposures that changed over time and to capture the dynamic nature of cytologic changes, Papanicolaou smear findings from each participant's consecutive visits were defined as a pair. We determined the proportion of all pairs that exhibited either regression or pr
10.1097/00002030-200111090-00011
11684935
Adolescent *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia/complications/*drug therapy/pathology Cervix Uteri/cytology/*pathology/virology Cohort Studies DNA, Viral/analysis Female HIV Infections/*complications/drug therapy/virology HIV-1/physiology Humans Papanicolaou Test Papillomaviridae/genetics/isolation & purification Papillomavirus Infections/complications/*drug therapy/pathology/virology Treatment Outcome Tumor Virus Infections/complications/*drug therapy/pathology/virology Vaginal Smears
H. A. Minkoff, L., Massad, L. S., Anastos, K., Watts, D. H., Melnick, S., Muderspach, L., Burk, R., Palefsky, J. (2001). The effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on cervical cytologic changes associated with oncogenic HPV among HIV-infected women. AIDS, 15(16), 2157-64.
Journal Article
A menstrual cycle pattern for cytokine levels exists in HIV-positive women: implication for HIV vaginal and plasma shedding
AIDS
2001
17-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11504986
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of the menstrual cycle in HIV-positive women on plasma and genital cytokine levels, interrelationships between vaginal and plasma cytokines, CD4 and CD8 T cell fluctuations, and genital and plasma viral loads. METHODS: Plasma and cervicovaginal lavage specimens were collected from 55 HIV-positive women with CD4 cell counts < 350 cells/microl during phases of the menstrual cycle. Samples were assayed for IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, TGFbeta, TNFalpha, INFgamma, MIP1alpha, MIP1beta, RANTES, and TNFR-II using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. CD4 and CD8 T cell expression was evaluated by flow cytometry. Repeated measures regression models were used to assess the effect of the menstrual cycle on cytokines and viral load. Multivariate repeated regression models were used to assess the correlation among selected cytokines and between selected cytokines and HIV viral load. RESULTS: Vaginal IL-1beta, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, MIP1beta, RANTES, TGFbeta
10.1097/00002030-200108170-00011
11504986
Adolescent Adult Cytokines/blood/*metabolism Female HIV Infections/*immunology/virology HIV-1/isolation & purification/*physiology Humans Menstrual Cycle/*immunology Middle Aged RNA, Viral/blood T-Lymphocytes/immunology Vagina/immunology/*virology Viral Load Virus Shedding/physiology
L. K. Al-Harthi, A., Coombs, R. W., Reichelderfer, P. S., Wright, D. J., Cohen, M. H., Cohn, J., Cu-Uvin, S., Watts, H., Lewis, S., Beckner, S., Landay, A., W. H. S. Study Team (2001). A menstrual cycle pattern for cytokine levels exists in HIV-positive women: implication for HIV vaginal and plasma shedding. AIDS, 15(12), 1535-43.
Journal Article
Discontinuation of potent antiretroviral therapy: predictive value of and impact on CD4 cell counts and HIV RNA levels
AIDS
2001
9-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11684929
OBJECTIVE: To characterize predictors and consequences of discontinuing antiretroviral therapy (ART) in terms of CD4 cell count, HIV RNA, and reported side-effects in a large cohort of HIV-infected women. DESIGN: Cohort study. METHODS: A total of 1058 HIV-infected women initiated potent ART before September 1999. For each 6 month period after October 1996 we determined the proportion of potent ART users who downshifted to non-potent ART and who discontinued all ART. We examined the role of CD4 cell count and HIV RNA with regard to ART discontinuation. RESULTS: Between October 1996 and September 1999, 1058 individuals contributed 3362 visits at which potent ART was reported in the previous 6 months. Overall rates of 6 month downshifting and discontinuation were 10.0% and 6.7%. The proportion of individuals discontinuing all ART increased from 2.9% in late 1996 to 9.1% in mid 1999 (P < 0.001). Individuals with high HIV RNA levels were more likely to discontinue (P < 0.05). Compared to th
10.1097/00002030-200111090-00005
11684929
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*administration & dosage/therapeutic use CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Drug Administration Schedule Drug Therapy, Combination Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*immunology/virology HIV-1/*physiology Humans Predictive Value of Tests RNA, Viral/blood Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/*administration & dosage/therapeutic use Treatment Outcome
L. S. Ahdieh Grant, M. J., Palacio, H., Minkoff, H., Anastos, K., Young, M. A., Nowicki, M., Kovacs, A., Cohen, M., Munoz, A. (2001). Discontinuation of potent antiretroviral therapy: predictive value of and impact on CD4 cell counts and HIV RNA levels. AIDS, 15(16), 2101-8.
Journal Article
Timing of antiretroviral therapy. Use of Markov modeling and decision analysis to evaluate the long-term implications of therapy
AIDS
2001
3/30/2001
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11316996
BACKGROUND: The timing of initiation of antiretroviral therapy is controversial. Current guidelines are heavily based on the principle of 'hit early, hit hard', although the long-term implications of this approach are unknown. METHODS: Using Markov modeling and decision analysis we modeled the virologic outcomes over 10 years in a hypothetical population of 10 000 HIV-infected patients in which therapy (with the possibility of three sequential regimens before the development of multidrug-resistant virus) is started immediately versus starting progressively at rates of 5, 10, 15, 20 or 30% of the original population each year. The model used inputs from available clinical trial data: virologic success rate and durability of the response of the first and subsequent regimens. We performed one-way and two-way sensitivity analysis to evaluate changes in the input variables. RESULTS: If therapy is started immediately in all patients, by 10 years 57% would be undetectable, but 38% would have
10.1097/00002030-200103300-00008
11316996
agent analysis Anti-HIV Agents antiretroviral therapy category: methodological change clinical clinical trial Clinical Trials Decision Trees Disease drug therapy guidelines Hiv-1 HIV Infections Human infectious diseases Markov Chains methods model Models,Statistical outcome population progression response study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. therapeutic use therapies therapy Time Factors treatment Treatment Outcome trial virus
P. H. Tebas, K., Nease, R., Murphy, R., Phair, J., Powderly, W.G. (2001). Timing of antiretroviral therapy. Use of Markov modeling and decision analysis to evaluate the long-term implications of therapy. AIDS, 15(5), 591-599.
Journal Article
Effectiveness of potent antiretroviral therapies on the incidence of opportunistic infections before and after AIDS diagnosis
AIDS
2001
16-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11273215
OBJECTIVES: To determine the effectiveness of potent antiretroviral therapy in reducing opportunistic infections (OI) as both a presenting event and subsequent to an AIDS-defining event. DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 543 seroconverters and 1470 men with AIDS were compared for the time to development of OI as the presenting AIDS event and as a subsequent event in the 1984-1989, 1990-1992, 1993-1995, and 1996-1998 periods, when the major treatments were no therapy, monotherapy, combination therapy, and potent antiretroviral therapy, respectively. RESULTS: The seroconverters suffered 132 OI and the participants with AIDS had 717 OI. The relative hazard (RH) of OI as the presenting AIDS event declined by 81% in the calendar period when potent antiretroviral therapy was available compared with the monotherapy period. Declines were observed for Mycobacterium avium complex, cytomegalovirus disease, and esophageal candidiasis, but were statistically significant only for Pneumocystis carinii p
10.1097/00002030-200102160-00008
11273215
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/*epidemiology/prevention & control Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*drug therapy Adult African Americans African Continental Ancestry Group *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Candidiasis, Oral/epidemiology Cohort Studies Disease Progression HIV Seropositivity/*drug therapy Humans Incidence Male Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection/epidemiology Pneumocystis Infections/epidemiology/prevention & control Prevalence Risk Factors Time Factors United States/epidemiology
R. T. Detels, P., Phair, J. P., Margolick, J., Riddler, S. A., Munoz, A., Multicenter, Aids Cohort Study (2001). Effectiveness of potent antiretroviral therapies on the incidence of opportunistic infections before and after AIDS diagnosis. AIDS, 15(3), 347-55.
Journal Article
Immunologic and virologic response to highly active antiretroviral therapy in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
AIDS
2001
13-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11371688
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate prior antiretroviral therapy experience and host characteristics as determinants of immunologic and virologic response to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). METHODS: We studied 397 men from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) who initiated HAART between October 1995 and March 1999. CD4 cell count and HIV-1 RNA responses to HAART were measured at the first visit following HAART (short-term) and extending from the first visit to approximately 33 months after HAART (long-term). Prior antiretroviral experience was classified into three groups based on antiretroviral therapy use during the 5 years prior to HAART. Age, race and host genetic characteristics also were assessed for their effects on treatment response. RESULTS: Better short- and long-term CD4 cell and HIV-1 RNA responses were observed in the treatment-naive users. Intermittently and consistently experienced users did not significantly differ in response. Whereas race did not independently
10.1097/00002030-200104130-00009
11371688
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*drug therapy/genetics/immunology Adult Age Factors Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active CD4 Lymphocyte Count Continental Population Groups Data Interpretation, Statistical Genotype *hiv-1 Humans Male Middle Aged Polymorphism, Genetic Promoter Regions, Genetic Prospective Studies RNA, Viral/blood Receptors, CCR2 Receptors, CCR5/genetics Receptors, Chemokine/genetics Time Factors
T. E. P. Yamashita, J. P., Munoz, A., Margolick, J. B., Detels, R., O'Brien, S. J., Mellors, J. W., Wolinsky, S. M., Jacobson, L. P. (2001). Immunologic and virologic response to highly active antiretroviral therapy in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. AIDS, 15(6), 735-46.
Journal Article
The Effect of Sexual and Physical Violence on Risky Sexual Behavior and STDs Among a Cohort of HIV Seropositive Women
AIDS Behav
2001
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1013138923777
10.1023/a:1013138923777
M. G. Hogben, Stephen J., Watts, D. Heather, Robison, Esther, Young, Mary, Richardson, Jean, Cohen, Mardge, DeHovitz, Jack (2001). The Effect of Sexual and Physical Violence on Risky Sexual Behavior and STDs Among a Cohort of HIV Seropositive Women. AIDS Behav, 5(4), 353-361.
Journal Article
Prescription of and Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy Among Women with AIDS
AIDS Behav
2001
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1013143024686
10.1023/a:1013143024686
P. O. Schuman, Suzanne E., Cohen, Mardge, Sacks, Henry S., Richardson, Jean, Young, Mary, Schoenbaum, Ellie, Rompalo, Anne, Gardner, Lytt (2001). Prescription of and Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy Among Women with AIDS. AIDS Behav, 5(4), 371-378.
Journal Article
Alternative medicine use in HIV-positive men and women: demographics, utilization patterns and health status
AIDS Care
2001
Apr-01
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11304425
Between 1995 and 1997, 1,675 HIV-positive men and women using complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) were enrolled into the Bastyr University AIDS Research Center's Alternative Medicine Care Outcomes in AIDS (AMCOA) study. Funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Office of Alternative Medicine (OAM) and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), the AMCOA study collected information on participant demographics, health status and use of conventional and CAM therapies. Participants from 46 states completed a baseline questionnaire, while additional clinical information (such as CD4 count and HIV-RNA viral load) was obtained from laboratory records. AMCOA participants reported using more than 1,600 different types of CAM therapies (1,210 CAM substances, 282 CAM therapeutic activities and 119 CAM provider types) for treating HIV/AIDS. Approximately two-thirds (63% n = 1,054) of the AMCOA cohort reported using antiretroviral drug therapy (ART) during the s
10.1080/095401201300059759
11304425
Acupuncture Therapy administration & dosage Adult AIDS Antiretroviral Therapy,Highly Active ART CD4 change clinical cohort Cohort Studies Complementary Therapies demographics Disease drug therapy Female Garlic health Health Status Health Surveys Hiv HIV Infections HIV/AIDS Humans infectious diseases information Laboratories Male Massage Nutrition Physiology outcome Phytotherapy Plants,Medicinal Psychotherapy questionnaire research study support therapies therapy Treatment Outcome utilization Viral Load Vitamin E Vitamins women
L. J. G. Standish, K.B., Bain, S., Reeves, C., Sanders, F., Wines, R.C., Turet, P., Kim, J.G., Calabrese, C. (2001). Alternative medicine use in HIV-positive men and women: demographics, utilization patterns and health status. AIDS Care, 13(2), 197-208.
Journal Article
Analysis of transition from long-term nonprogressive to progressive infection identifies sequences that may attenuate HIV type 1
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2001
10-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11679152
Long-term nonprogressive human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and its transition to progressive infection presents an opportunity to identify the molecular determinants of HIV-1 attenuation and pathogenesis. We studied an individual who underwent a transition from long-term nonprogressive to rapidly progressive infection. Because HIV-1 RNA genomes in plasma represent replicating virus, we developed a technique to clone full-length HIV-1 RNA genomes from plasma and used this technique to obtain clones from this individual before and during the transition. Most clones assayed were infectious, demonstrating that the RNA genomes encoded viable virus. Analysis of 20 complete HIV-1 RNA genomic sequences revealed one major difference between sequences found during the two phases of infection. During the nonprogressive phase, the predominant sequences had a large deletion in an Sp1-binding site and adjacent promoter in the U3 part of the long terminal repeat (LTR); when the in
10.1089/088922201753197060
11679152
Base Sequence Binding Sites DNA, Viral Disease Progression Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/analysis/immunology HIV Infections/immunology/*virology *HIV Long Terminal Repeat *HIV Long-Term Survivors HIV-1/classification/*genetics/growth & development/immunology Humans Male Molecular Sequence Data Phylogeny Promoter Regions, Genetic RNA, Viral/*analysis Sp1 Transcription Factor/*metabolism T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
G. B. Fang, H., Chappey, C., Rowland-Jones, S., Visosky, A., Chen, C. H., Moran, T., Townsend, L., Murray, M., Weiser, B. (2001). Analysis of transition from long-term nonprogressive to progressive infection identifies sequences that may attenuate HIV type 1. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 17(15), 1395-404.
Journal Article
Increased expression of CD23 (Fc(epsilon) receptor II) by peripheral blood monocytes of aids patients
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2001
20-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11282013
Monocytes expressing the Fcepsilon receptor II (CD23) play important roles in inflammatory and allergic immune responses. We found that peripheral blood monocytes of AIDS patients express increased levels of CD23, compared with monocytes of healthy HIV-1-seronegative individuals (controls) (p < 0.05). We compared expression of monocyte CD23 with expression of monocyte Fcgamma receptors (CD16, CD32, CD64), plasma/serum levels of IgE (also IgM, IgG, IgA), and Th1 (IFN-gamma) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-10) cytokines. We found that monocyte CD23 expression directly correlated with monocyte CD16 expression (p < 0.01, R = 0.58), which was also increased in AIDS patients; there was no correlation with CD32 or CD64 or with soluble factors in plasma/serum (i.e., IgE, IL-4, IL-10, and IFN-gamma). Interestingly, despite the known ability of IL-10 to downregulate monocyte CD23 expression, plasma IL-10 levels were increased in these AIDS patients compared with controls (p < 0.05). We thus evaluated the effe
10.1089/088922201750102544
11282013
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology Adolescent Adult African Americans Aged Female HIV Seropositivity/blood Hispanic Americans Humans Interleukin-10/physiology Middle Aged Monocytes/*immunology/pathology Receptors, IgE/*blood
L. S. A. Miller, K., Nowakowski, M., Chan, A., Bluth, M. H., Minkoff, H., Durkin, H. G. (2001). Increased expression of CD23 (Fc(epsilon) receptor II) by peripheral blood monocytes of aids patients. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 17(5), 443-52.
Journal Article
Thrush and fever as markers of immune competence in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2001
9/20/2001
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11602040
The presence of clinical manifestations of HIV-1 infection is one measure of immune function failure. We examined the occurrence of clinical manifestations of HIV-1 infection, in particular fever and oral thrush, before and after the initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Using data collected from 645 participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) who used HAART, 7517 person-visits from January 1992 through March 2000 were stratified by time relative to HAART initiation (>/=1 year preinitiation, <1 year preinitiation, >1 year postinitiation, and >/=1 year postinitiation) and CD4(+) T cell count (</=100, 101-200, 201-350, and >350 cells/&mgr;l). Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between HAART, CD4(+) T cell count, and each self-reported symptom (oral hairy leukoplakia, diarrhea, fever, and oral thrush). After initiation of HAART, clinical manifestations of HIV- 1 infection continued to occur and, similar to patterns seen
10.1089/08892220152596551
11602040
AIDS Baltimore category: clinical/epidemiological Cell Count clinical cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Diarrhea epidemiology Fever Hiv Hiv-1 HIV-1 infection immune infection MACS manifestation marker markers Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study study t cell therapy United States
R. L. P. Skolasky, J., Detels, R., Riddler, S., Margolick, J., Jacobson, L.P. (2001). Thrush and fever as markers of immune competence in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 17(14), 1311-1316.
Journal Article
Longitudinal patterns of HIV type 1 RNA among individuals with late disease progression
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2001
1-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11559421
Longitudinal measurements of plasma HIV RNA were analyzed using novel segmented regression models for 62 men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study who at enrollment in 1985 were HIV seropositive and who had stable CD4+ lymphocyte counts and no clinical disease progression for a 6-year period between 1985 and 1991. Through 1996, 20 of the men developed clinical AIDS or died (late progressors) and 42 remained asymptomatic (nonprogressors). Using segmented regression model methods, we estimated, for each individual, the time when a change in HIV RNA trajectory was most likely to have occurred. Prior to this time, late progressors and nonprogressors had stable plasma HIV RNA levels, although the mean level in late progressors was 0.42 log10 copies/ml higher than in nonprogressors (p = 0.018). Furthermore, late progressors showed significant increases in HIV RNA levels of 0.23 log10 copies/ml/year (1.7-fold increase/year). This increase in HIV RNA in the late progressors began approximately
10.1089/088922201750461276
11559421
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology/virology CD4 Antigens/immunology CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Disease Progression HIV Infections/immunology/*virology HIV-1/*genetics/*growth & development/immunology Humans Longitudinal Studies Male RNA, Viral/*blood Regression Analysis Viral Load
S. J. M. Gange, J. W., Lau, B., Detels, R., Phair, J. P., Munoz, A., Margolick, J. B. (2001). Longitudinal patterns of HIV type 1 RNA among individuals with late disease progression. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 17(13), 1223-9.
Journal Article
Retention of women enrolled in a prospective study of human immunodeficiency virus infection: impact of race, unstable housing, and use of human immunodeficiency virus therapy
Am J Epidemiol
2001
15-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11549562
Even though women and people of color represent an increasing proportion of US acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases, few research studies include adequate representation of these populations. Here the authors describe recruitment and retention of a diverse group of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and at risk HIV-uninfected women in a prospective study operating in six sites across the United States. Methods used to minimize loss to follow-up in this cohort are also described. For the first 10 study visits that occurred during a 5-year period between 1994 and 1999, the retention rate of participants was approximately 82%. In adjusted Cox analysis, factors associated with retention among all women were older age, African-American race, stable housing, HIV-infected serostatus, past experience in studies of HIV/AIDS, and site of enrollment. In an adjusted Cox analysis of HIV-infected women, African-American race, past experience in studies of HIV/AIDS, site of enroll
10.1093/aje/154.6.563
11549562
Adult *African Americans Age Factors Cohort Studies Female *HIV Infections Housing Humans *Patient Dropouts *Patient Selection Prospective Studies Risk Factors
N. A. S. Hessol, M., Greenblatt, R. M., Bacon, M., Barranday, Y., Holman, S., Robison, E., Williams, C., Cohen, M., Weber, K., Women's Interagency Human Immunodeficiency Virus Collaborative Study, Group (2001). Retention of women enrolled in a prospective study of human immunodeficiency virus infection: impact of race, unstable housing, and use of human immunodeficiency virus therapy. Am J Epidemiol, 154(6), 563-73.
Journal Article
Accuracy of self-reports of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related conditions in women
Am J Epidemiol
2001
1-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11390333
To investigate the validity of self-reported acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) among women enrolled in a prospective study of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, the authors compared the self-reported occurrence of AIDS-specific diagnoses with AIDS diagnoses documented by county AIDS surveillance registries. Also examined was the association between participant characteristics and the validity of self-reports. Among the 339 HIV-infected participants in the Northern California Women's Interagency HIV Study between October 1994 and September 1998, 217 reported having been given a diagnosis of AIDS. Of these 217 women, 157 (72%) were listed in the registry as having AIDS. Among the specific AIDS-related conditions reported by three or more women, the sensitivity was highest for tuberculosis (100%), CD4 cell count less than 200 (84%), Mycobacterium avium complex (73%), and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (69%), and the positive predictive value was highest for CD4 cell cou
10.1093/aje/153.11.1128
11390333
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/*epidemiology Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*epidemiology Adult California/epidemiology Educational Status Female Humans Income Logistic Models Middle Aged Prospective Studies Registries Reproducibility of Results *Self Disclosure Smoking
N. A. S. Hessol, S., Ameli, N., Oliver, G., Greenblatt, R. M. (2001). Accuracy of self-reports of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related conditions in women. Am J Epidemiol, 153(11), 1128-33.
Journal Article
Methods to assess population effectiveness of therapies in human immunodeficiency virus incident and prevalent cohorts
Am J Epidemiol
2001
1-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11581102
Two methods are presented for measuring population effectiveness (i.e., reduction of disease in a population in which only some receive treatment) of antiretroviral therapy among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected men at risk for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and followed between January 1, 1986, and June 30, 1999, in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Method I, requiring use of a seroincident cohort, estimates relative hazards of AIDS for persons at equal duration of infection. Method II, allowing use of a seroprevalent cohort, estimates relative hazards since the beginning of therapy eras for persons starting at equal levels of prognostic markers of disease stage (CD4 cell count and HIV type 1 RNA). The follow-up interval was divided into four calendar periods to characterize different eras of antiretroviral therapy. For method I, the relative hazards were 1.52 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.93, 2.49), 0.91 (95% CI: 0.66, 1.26), and 0.30 (95% CI: 0.18, 0.51) fo
10.1093/aje/154.7.675
11581102
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/prevention & control Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use Biomarkers CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Disease Progression Epidemiologic Methods HIV/isolation & purification HIV Infections/diagnosis/*drug therapy Humans Male Prognosis RNA, Viral/analysis Risk Factors Seroepidemiologic Studies Treatment Outcome
P. M. M. Tarwater, J., Gore, M. E., Margolick, J. B., Phair, J., Detels, R., Munoz, A. (2001). Methods to assess population effectiveness of therapies in human immunodeficiency virus incident and prevalent cohorts. Am J Epidemiol, 154(7), 675-81.
Journal Article
The relationship of pregnancy to the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy
Am J Obstet Gynecol
2001
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11349192
OBJECTIVE: Public health agencies have recommended that the criteria for the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy should not be modified because of pregnancy. However, little information has been published with regard to the degree to which these recommendations are being followed. We report here the frequency of highly active antiretroviral therapy use among pregnant women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study and compare the frequencies of its use by pregnant women meeting published criteria for implementing highly active antiretroviral therapy and its use by nonpregnant women meeting the same criteria. STUDY DESIGN: From October 1994 through November 1995, a total of 2059 human immunodeficiency virus type 1-seropositive women were enrolled in a cohort study. Participants were evaluated at baseline and at 6-month intervals with standardized interview instruments. In addition to a general physical examination at each visit, patients had a urine pregnancy test performed and were
10.1067/mob.2001.113871
11349192
Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/blood/*drug therapy/virology *hiv-1 Humans Pregnancy Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/*drug therapy Viral Load Zidovudine/therapeutic use
H. A. Minkoff, L., Watts, H., Greenblatt, R. M., Schmidt, J., Schneider, M., Stek, A. (2001). The relationship of pregnancy to the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 184(6), 1221-7.
Journal Article
Cost-effectiveness of earlier initiation of antiretroviral therapy for uninsured HIV-infected adults
Am J Public Health
2001
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11527782
OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to examine the societal cost-effectiveness and the impact on government payers of earlier initiation of antiretroviral therapy for uninsured HIV-infected adults. METHODS: A state-transition simulation model of HIV disease was used. Data were derived from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, published randomized trials, and medical care cost estimates for all government payers and for Massachusetts, NewYork, and Florida. RESULTS: Quality-adjusted life expectancy increased from 7.64 years with therapy initiated at 200 CD4 cells/microL to 8.21 years with therapy initiated at 500 CD4 cells/microL. Initiating therapy at 500 CD4/microL was a more efficient use of resources than initiating therapy at 200 CD4/microL and had an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $17,300 per quality-adjusted life-year gained, compared with no therapy. Costs to state payers in the first 5 years ranged from $5,500 to $24,900 because of differences among the states in the avai
10.2105/ajph.91.9.1456
11527782
PMC1446805
Anti-HIV Agents/blood/*economics/immunology/*therapeutic use Budgets/statistics & numerical data CD4 Lymphocyte Count *Cost of Illness Cost-Benefit Analysis Drug Administration Schedule Drug Costs/*statistics & numerical data Female Florida HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*economics Health Services Accessibility/*economics Humans Life Expectancy Male Massachusetts Medicaid/economics *Medically Uninsured Models, Econometric New York Outcome Assessment, Health Care *Patient Selection Quality-Adjusted Life Years Sensitivity and Specificity State Government Time Factors
B. R. G. Schackman, S. J., Weinstein, M. C., Losina, E., Zhang, H., Freedberg, K. A. (2001). Cost-effectiveness of earlier initiation of antiretroviral therapy for uninsured HIV-infected adults. Am J Public Health, 91(9), 1456-63. PMC1446805
Journal Article
Effects of CCR5-D32, CCR2-64I, and SDF-1 3'A alleles on HIV-1 disease progression: An international meta-analysis of individual patient data
Ann Intern Med
2001
11/6/2001
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11694103
BACKGROUND: Studies relating certain chemokine and chemokine receptor gene alleles with the outcome of HIV-1 infection have yielded inconsistent results. OBJECTIVE: To examine postulated associations of genetic alleles with HIV-1 disease progression. DESIGN: Meta-analysis of individual-patient data. SETTING: 19 prospective cohort studies and case-control studies from the United States, Europe, and Australia. PATIENTS: Patients with HIV-1 infection who were of European or African descent. MEASUREMENTS: Time to AIDS, death, and death after AIDS and HIV-1 RNA level at study entry or soon after seroconversion. Data were combined with fixed-effects and random-effects models. RESULTS: Both the CCR5-Delta32 and CCR2-64I alleles were associated with a decreased risk for progression to AIDS (relative hazard among seroconverters, 0.74 and 0.76, respectively; P = 0.01 for both), a decreased risk for death (relative hazard among seroconverters, 0.64 and 0.74; P < 0.05 for both), and lower HIV-1 RN
10.7326/0003-4819-135-9-200111060-00008
11694103
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome AIDS Alleles Case-Control Studies category: genetics Chemokines,CXC cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Disease Disease Progression epidemiology Europe genetics Heterozygote Hiv-1 HIV-1 infection HIV Infections Homozygote Human infection measurement metabolism mortality progression Proportional Hazards Models Receptors,CCR5 Receptors,Chemokine Regression Analysis Risk Rna seroconversion study United States
J. P. A. R. Ioannidis, P.S., Goedert, J.J., Ashton, L.J., Benfield, T.L., Buchbinder, S.P., Coutinho, R.A., Eugen-Olsen, J., Gallart, T., Katzenstein, T.L., Kostrikis, L.G., Kuipers, H., Louie, L.G., Mallal, S.A., Margolick, J.B., Martinez, O.P., Meyer, L., Michael, N.L., Operskalski, E., Pantaleo, G., Rizzardi, G.P., Schuitemaker, H., Sheppard, H.W., Stewart, G.J., Theodorou, I.D., Ullum, H., Vicenzi, E., Vlahov, D., Wilkinson, D., Workman, C., Zagury, J.F., O'Brien, T.R. (2001). Effects of CCR5-D32, CCR2-64I, and SDF-1 3'A alleles on HIV-1 disease progression: An international meta-analysis of individual patient data. Ann Intern Med, 135(9), 782-795.
Journal Article
Use of genotypic resistance testing to guide hiv therapy: clinical impact and cost-effectiveness
Ann Intern Med
2001
3/20/2001
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11255519
BACKGROUND: Genotypic sequencing for drug-resistant strains of HIV can guide the choice of antiretroviral therapy. OBJECTIVE: To assess the cost-effectiveness of genotypic resistance testing for patients acquiring drug resistance through failed treatment (secondary resistance) and those infected with resistant virus (primary resistance). DESIGN: Cost-effectiveness analysis with an HIV simulation model incorporating CD4 cell count and HIV RNA level as predictors of disease progression. DATA SOURCES: Published randomized trials and data from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, the national AIDS Cost and Services Utilization Survey, the Red Book, and an institutional cost- accounting system. TARGET POPULATION: HIV-infected patients in the United States with baseline CD4 counts of 0.250 x 10(9) cells/L. TIME HORIZON: Lifetime. PERSPECTIVE: Societal. INTERVENTIONS: Genotypic resistance testing and clinical judgment, compared with clinical judgment alone, in two contexts: after initial treatm
10.7326/0003-4819-134-6-200103200-00008
11255519
agent AIDS analysis Anti-HIV Agents Antiretroviral Therapy,Highly Active Boston CD4 CD4 Lymphocyte Count cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Cost-Benefit Analysis Disease Progression drug effects Drug Resistance,Microbial drug therapy Drug Therapy,Combination economics genetics Genotype health Hiv HIV Infections Hiv-1 Human Life Expectancy methods Microbial Sensitivity Tests model multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study outcome Public Health Quality-Adjusted Life Years Rna,Viral study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. therapeutic use therapies therapy treatment Treatment Failure United States virology
M. C. G. Weinstein, S.J., Losina, E., Cohen, C.J., Baxter, J.D., Zhang, H., Kimmel, A.D., Freedberg, K.A. (2001). Use of genotypic resistance testing to guide hiv therapy: clinical impact and cost-effectiveness. Ann Intern Med, 134(6), 440-450.
Journal Article
Correlation between neurological progression and astrocyte apoptosis in HIV-associated dementia
Ann Neurol
2001
Jun-01
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11409426
The pathogenesis of HIV-associated dementia (HIVD) has been postulated to be due to the indirect effects of HIV infection, including the aberrant central nervous system production of cytokines and other neurotoxins. A correlation between the severity of dementia and production of neurotoxins in HIVD has been demonstrated. We have previously identified nonproductive HIV infection of astrocytes. Because astrocytes participate in the inactivation of neurotoxins, we hypothesize that HIV nonproductive infection of astrocytes may lead to an environment in which there is a significant level of astrocyte apoptosis and a consequent increase in the levels of neurotoxins and that this results in more rapidly progressing dementia. Postmortem brain tissue was examined from clinically well-characterized HIV- positive demented patients, HIV-positive nondemented patients, and HIV- seronegative nondemented control subjects. The HIVD group was further categorized into subjects with rapid and those with
10.1002/ana.1011
11409426
AIDS Dementia Complex analysis Apoptosis Astrocytes Autopsy Basal Ganglia Brain category: neuropsychological/neurological Cell Count complications control cytokine Cytokines Disease Disease Progression Dna Dna,Viral Frontal Lobe genetics Hiv Hiv-1 HIV infection HIV Seropositivity Human Immunohistochemistry infection infectious diseases isolation & purification pathology physiopathology Polymerase Chain Reaction Primed In Situ Labeling progression Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. Time Factors Tissue Fixation United States virology
K. A. M. Thompson, J.C., Wesselingh, S.L. (2001). Correlation between neurological progression and astrocyte apoptosis in HIV-associated dementia. Ann Neurol, 49(6), 745-752.
Journal Article
Oral Cavity Manifestations of AIDS
Atlas of Infectious Diseases
2001
Book Section
Nonparametric mixed effects models for unequally sampled noisy curves
Biometrics
2001
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11252607
We propose a method of analyzing collections of related curves in which the individual curves are modeled as spline functions with random coefficients. The method is applicable when the individual curves are sampled at variable and irregularly spaced points. This produces a low-rank, low-frequency approximation to the covariance structure, which can be estimated naturally by the EM algorithm. Smooth curves for individual trajectories are constructed as best linear unbiased predictor (BLUP) estimates, combining data from that individual and the entire collection. This framework leads naturally to methods for examining the effects of covariates on the shapes of the curves. We use model selection techniques--Akaike information criterion (AIC), Bayesian information criterion (BIC), and cross-validation--to select the number of breakpoints for the spline approximation. We believe that the methodology we propose provides a simple, flexible, and computationally efficient means of functional d
10.1111/j.0006-341x.2001.00253.x
11252607
Algorithms Bayes Theorem *Biometry CD4 Lymphocyte Count/statistics & numerical data Computer Simulation Data Interpretation, Statistical Gait Humans Linear Models *Models, Statistical
J. A. W. Rice, C. O. (2001). Nonparametric mixed effects models for unequally sampled noisy curves. Biometrics, 57(1), 253-9.
Journal Article
A regression modeling approach for describing patterns of HIV genetic variation
Biometrics
2001
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11414569
We introduce a novel approach for describing patterns of HIV genetic variation using regression modeling techniques. Parameters are defined for describing genetic variation within and between viral populations by generalizing Simpson's index of diversity. Regression models are specified for these variation parameters and the generalized estimating equation framework is used for estimating both the regression parameters and their corresponding variances. Conditions are described under which the usual asymptotic approximations to the distribution of the estimators are met. This approach provides a formal statistical framework for testing hypotheses regarding the changing patterns of HIV genetic variation over time within an infected patient. The application of these methods for testing biologically relevant hypotheses concerning HIV genetic variation is demonstrated in an example using sequence data from a subset of patients from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study.
10.1111/j.0006-341x.2001.00449.x
11414569
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/virology Cohort Studies *Genetic Variation HIV/*genetics HIV Infections/genetics/physiopathology/virology Humans Models, Genetic Multicenter Studies as Topic Regression Analysis
N. S. Mayer-Hamblett, S. (2001). A regression modeling approach for describing patterns of HIV genetic variation. Biometrics, 57(2), 449-60.
Journal Article
Primary human herpesvirus 8 infection generates a broadly specific CD8(+) T-cell response to viral lytic cycle proteins
Blood
2001
15-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11290599
Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is a recently discovered gammaherpesvirus that is the etiologic agent of Kaposi sarcoma (KS). The natural history of primary HHV-8 infection, including clinical outcome and host immune responses that may be important in preventing disease related to HHV-8, has not been elucidated. The present study characterized the clinical, immunologic, and virologic parameters of primary HHV-8 infection in 5 cases detected during a 15-year longitudinal study of 108 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 seronegative men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Primary HHV-8 infection was associated with mild, nonspecific signs and symptoms of diarrhea, fatigue, localized rash, and lymphadenopathy. There were no alterations in numbers of CD4(+) or CD8(+) T cells or CD8(+) T-cell interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) production to mitogen or nominal antigen. CD8(+) cytotoxic T-lymphocyte precursor (CTLp) and IFN-gamma reactivity were detected during primary HHV-8 infection, with broad spe
10.1182/blood.v97.8.2366
11290599
Adult Amino Acid Sequence Antibodies, Viral/blood/immunology Antigens, Viral/*immunology Capsid/immunology DNA, Viral/blood Exanthema/etiology Fatigue/etiology *Glycoproteins HIV Seronegativity Herpesviridae Infections/epidemiology/*immunology Herpesvirus 8, Human/*immunology Homosexuality Humans Immunologic Memory Immunophenotyping Incidence Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis Ionomycin/pharmacology Longitudinal Studies Lymphatic Diseases/etiology Lymphocyte Activation Lymphocyte Count Male Middle Aged Mitogens/pharmacology Molecular Sequence Data Phosphoproteins/immunology Prospective Studies T-Lymphocyte Subsets Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology Viral Envelope Proteins/immunology Viral Matrix Proteins/immunology Viral Proteins/*immunology Viremia/immunology/virology
Q. J. J. Wang, F. J., Jacobson, L. P., Kingsley, L. A., Day, R. D., Zhang, Z. W., Meng, Y. X., Pellett, P. E., Kousoulas, K. G., Baghian, A., Rinaldo, C. R., Jr. (2001). Primary human herpesvirus 8 infection generates a broadly specific CD8(+) T-cell response to viral lytic cycle proteins. Blood, 97(8), 2366-73.
Journal Article
Preevaluation of clinical trial data: the case of preemptive cytomegalovirus therapy in patients with human immunodeficiency virus
Clin Infect Dis
2001
1-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11229847
We developed a mathematical simulation model to anticipate outcomes from an upcoming trial of targeted, preemptive cytomegalovirus (CMV) therapy in high-risk, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients identified by means of CMV polymerase chain reaction screening. We estimated the costs and consequences of CMV prophylaxis in patients with CD4(+) counts < or =100 cells/microL under various assumptions regarding disease progression, complication rates, drug effects, and costs. Without CMV preemptive therapy, lifetime costs average $44,600 with expected duration of survival of 19.16 quality-adjusted life-months and 213 CMV cases per 1000 patients. Targeted preemptive therapy with orally administered valganciclovir increases costs and duration of survival to $46,900 and 19.63 quality-adjusted life-months, respectively. CMV cases decrease to 174 per 1000 patients. The cost per quality-adjusted life-year gained is $59,000. This result compares favorably with other strategies in en
10.1086/319223
11229847
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/prevention & control Antiviral Agents/economics/*therapeutic use Chemoprevention Cost-Benefit Analysis Cytomegalovirus/drug effects/genetics/isolation & purification Cytomegalovirus Infections/*prevention & control Ganciclovir/*analogs & derivatives/economics/*therapeutic use HIV Infections/*complications/drug therapy Humans Models, Biological Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods Predictive Value of Tests Quality-Adjusted Life Years Sensitivity and Specificity Valganciclovir
A. D. G. Paltiel, S. J., Losina, E., Weinstein, M. C., Seage, G. R., 3rd, Kimmel, A. D., Zhang, H., Freedberg, K. A. (2001). Preevaluation of clinical trial data: the case of preemptive cytomegalovirus therapy in patients with human immunodeficiency virus. Clin Infect Dis, 32(5), 783-93.
Journal Article
Herpes simplex virus shedding and plasma human immunodeficiency virus RNA levels in coinfected women
Clin Infect Dis
2001
15-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11512094
Asymptomatic herpes simplex virus (HSV) shedding was described in a cohort of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women, and the association of HSV shedding with changes in plasma HIV RNA load was investigated. Genital, rectal, and oral swabs were obtained daily during a 4-week period for polymerase chain reaction and culture, and concomitant plasma specimens were drawn 3 times weekly for determination of HIV RNA load. During the study, 70% and 79% of subjects shed HSV from the oral cavity and genital area, respectively. Shedding of HSV occurred for a mean of 3.2 days for oral shedding and 5.4 days for genital shedding. Mean plasma HIV RNA loads during periods of HSV shedding and nonshedding and for periods 3 days after the cessation of shedding were compared; no significant differences were found (P=.74). In women who shed HSV, as evaluated by detection of virus, plasma HIV RNA load did not fluctuate with HSV shedding.
10.1086/322654
11512094
Case-Control Studies Female HIV/*isolation & purification HIV Infections/*complications/*virology Herpes Genitalis/complications/virology Herpes Simplex/*complications/*virology Herpesvirus 1, Human/isolation & purification Herpesvirus 2, Human/isolation & purification Humans RNA, Viral/*blood Simplexvirus/*isolation & purification Viremia/complications/virology
M. C. Augenbraun, L., Reichelderfer, P., Wright, D. J., Burns, D., Koelle, D. M., Robison, E., Cohen, M., Women's Health Studies 002 Study, Group (2001). Herpes simplex virus shedding and plasma human immunodeficiency virus RNA levels in coinfected women. Clin Infect Dis, 33(6), 885-90.
Journal Article
Pregnancy and infection with human immunodeficiency virus
Clin Obstet Gynecol
2001
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11344985
During the past decade, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of women infected with HIV and the number of women with clinical AIDS. One of the most prominent features of HIV infection is that it is usually diagnosed during the peak reproductive years, and in 1998, HIV/AIDS was the fourth leading cause of death among women between the ages of 25 and 44 years. For this reason, there has been long-standing concern regarding the obstetric implications of HIV infection: both the impact of pregnancy on possibly accelerating the course of HIV disease and the impact of HIV infection on the course of pregnancy. There appears to be some immunologic changes associated with pregnancy, but they are not dramatic, and immune markers generally resume their prepregnancy values after delivery. With regard to long-term effects of pregnancy on HIV disease progression, no study to date has shown significant increases in mortality or in AIDS incidence associated with pregnancy. Studies have gene
10.1097/00003081-200106000-00006
11344985
Adolescent Adult Disease Progression Family Planning Services Female *HIV Infections/drug therapy/epidemiology/physiopathology Humans Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention & control Middle Aged Pregnancy/immunology Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology/physiopathology/*virology Survival Analysis T-Lymphocytes/metabolism United States/epidemiology
L. Ahdieh (2001). Pregnancy and infection with human immunodeficiency virus. Clin Obstet Gynecol, 44(2), 154-66.
Journal Article
HIV in the female genital tract: viral shedding and mucosal immunity
Clin Obstet Gynecol
2001
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11344984
10.1097/00003081-200106000-00005
11344984
Female Genitalia, Female/immunology/*virology HIV Infections/immunology/*physiopathology/*transmission/virology Hiv-1 Humans Immunity Menstrual Cycle/physiology Mucous Membrane/immunology/virology Virus Shedding
L. L. al-Harthi, A. (2001). HIV in the female genital tract: viral shedding and mucosal immunity. Clin Obstet Gynecol, 44(2), 144-53.
Journal Article
Selected issues in the treatment of women infected with HIV
Clin Obstet Gynecol
2001
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11344986
10.1097/00003081-200106000-00007
11344986
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/prevention & control Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use CD4 Lymphocyte Count Female Genital Diseases, Female/virology HIV Infections/complications/diagnosis/mortality/*therapy Humans Menstruation Prognosis Risk Factors Sexually Transmitted Diseases/virology
M. A. C. Young, R. A. (2001). Selected issues in the treatment of women infected with HIV. Clin Obstet Gynecol, 44(2), 167-81.
Journal Article
Accuracy of diagnoses of HIV-related oral lesions by medical clinicians. Findings from the Women's Interagency HIV Study
Community Dent Oral Epidemiol
2001
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11553109
OBJECTIVE: To determine if medical clinicians are as accurate as dental clinicians in recognizing diagnostic characteristics of HIV-related oral lesions. METHODS: In 355 HIV-infected participants at five Women's Interagency HIV Study sites, we paired oral examinations conducted within 7 days of each other by dental and medical clinicians. We used the former as a gold standard against which to evaluate the accuracy of the latter. We assessed the accuracy of the medical clinicians' findings based both on their observations of abnormalities and on their descriptions of these abnormalities. RESULTS: Dental clinicians diagnosed some oral abnormality in 38% of participants. When "abnormality" was used as the medical clinicians' outcome, sensitivities were 75% for pseudomembranous candidiasis and 58% for erythematous candidiasis, but only 40% for hairy leukoplakia. When a precise description of the abnormality was used as their outcome, sensitivities were 19%, 12% and 20%, respectively. CONCL
10.1034/j.1600-0528.2001.290506.x
11553109
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis/epidemiology Adolescent Adult CD4 Lymphocyte Count California/epidemiology Candidiasis, Oral/complications/diagnosis/epidemiology Chicago/epidemiology Dentists Diagnostic Errors/*statistics & numerical data District of Columbia/epidemiology Female HIV Infections/*complications Hiv-1 Humans Leukoplakia, Oral/complications/diagnosis/epidemiology Logistic Models Middle Aged Mouth Diseases/*complications/*diagnosis/epidemiology New York City/epidemiology Odds Ratio *Physicians Sensitivity and Specificity
J. F. A. Hilton, M., Anastos, K., Canchola, A. J., Cohen, M., Delapenha, R., Greenspan, D., Levine, A., MacPhail, L. A., Micci, S. J., Mulligan, R., Navazesh, M., Phelan, J., Tsaknis, P. (2001). Accuracy of diagnoses of HIV-related oral lesions by medical clinicians. Findings from the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 29(5), 362-72.
Journal Article
Risk-taking in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy
Curr Infect Dis Rep
2001
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11286649
10.1007/s11908-996-0030-8
11286649
category: behavior Chicago Disease infectious diseases Risk-Taking therapy
J. P. O. Phair, D. G. (2001). Risk-taking in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy. Curr Infect Dis Rep, 3(2), 101-102.
Journal Article
Genotyping TAP2 variants in North American Caucasians, Brazilians, and Africans
Genes Immun
2001
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11294565
The protein forms of transporter associated with antigen processing, subunit 2 (TAP2), differ either by amino acid substitutions (Thr374Ala, Ile379Val, Ile467Val, Thr565Ala, Val577Met, Cys651Arg, and Ala665Thr) or by a truncation (Gln687Stop) of 17 amino acid residues at the C-terminus. Nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (N-SNPs) causing these amino acid variations except 577Val were detected in genomic DNA samples from North American Caucasians (n = 76), Brazilians (n = 148), Rwandans (n = 285), and Zambians (n = 117). Exclusive (100%) and nearly exclusive (>95%) linkage disequilibrium was seen with a number of N-SNPs. The average heterozygosity at any given dimorphic site ranged from 7.3% to 44.6%, and at least four N-SNPs showed clear population specificity. N-SNP combinations alone led to the identification of 16 relatively common alleles, which appeared to form at least three lineages. Further analyses of 101 cDNA samples from Brazilians detected nine expressed TAP2 all
10.1038/sj.gene.6363731
11294565
ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 3 ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/*genetics African Continental Ancestry Group/*genetics Alleles Amino Acid Sequence Base Sequence Brazil DNA European Continental Ancestry Group/*genetics Evolution, Molecular *Genetic Variation Genotype Humans North America Polymerase Chain Reaction Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
J. F. Tang, D. O., Allen, S., Karita, E., Musonda, R., Braga, C., Jamieson, B. D., Louie, L., Kaslow, R. A. (2001). Genotyping TAP2 variants in North American Caucasians, Brazilians, and Africans. Genes Immun, 2(1), 32-40.
Journal Article
TAPI polymorphisms in several human ethnic groups: characteristics, evolution, and genotyping strategies
Hum Immunol
2001
Mar-01
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11250043
Genetic variations in the locus encoding the transporter associated with antigen processing, subunit 1 (TAP1), were systematically studied using samples from Caucasians, Africans, Brazilians, and compared with data from chimpanzees. PCR-amplified genomic sequences corresponding to the 11 exons were analyzed by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and sequencing. Six nonsynonymous and 2 synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found to be common in one ethnic group or another, and they involved codons 254 (Gly-GGC/Gly-GGT) in exon 3, 333 (Ile-ATC/Val-GTC) in exon 4, 370 (Ala-GCT/Val-GTT) in exon 5, 458 (Val-GTG/Leu-TTG) in exon 6, 518 (Val-GTC/Ile-ATC) in exon 7, 637 (Asp-GAC/Gly-GGC), 648 (Arg-CGA/Gln-CAA) and 661 (Pro-CCG/Pro-CCA) in exon 10. At each SNP site the sequence listed first was predominant in all ethnic groups. Several SNPs segregated on the same chromosome regardless of populations and species. Together, the SNPs produced 5 major human TAP1 alleles,
10.1016/s0198-8859(00)00259-7
11250043
Alleles Animal ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters category: genetics characteristics classification Ethnic Groups Evolution,Molecular genetics Genotype Human Pan troglodytes Polymorphism,Single-Stranded Conformational population Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. United States
J. F. Tang, D.O., Allen, S., Karita, E., Musonda, R., Braga, C., Margolick, J., Kaslow, R.A. (2001). TAPI polymorphisms in several human ethnic groups: characteristics, evolution, and genotyping strategies. Hum Immunol, 62(3), 256-268.
Journal Article
Considering genetic profiles in functional studies of immune responsiveness to HIV-1
Immunol Lett
2001
1-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11595300
Over the last two decades HIV-1 has spread worldwide and has now surpassed malaria as the leading cause of infectious disease mortality in adults (http://www.who.int/infectious-disease-report/pages/ch1text.html). The clinical course and outcome of HIV-1 infection are highly variable among individuals. Most individuals infected with HIV develop AIDS within 10 years. However about 1-5% remain relatively healthy for 15 years or more (long-term nonprogressors), while others progress to AIDS within the first 2-3 years after infection (rapid progressors). A small number of individuals are resistant to infection, while some individuals appear to eliminate the virus. Factors that influence susceptibility to infection and rate of disease progression are a combination of viral, host, and environmental determinants. With few exceptions, genetic resistance to infectious diseases is likely to involve a complex array of host genetic effects involving variants that have very subtle, but significant c
10.1016/s0165-2478(01)00275-9
11595300
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/etiology/genetics/immunology Genetic Variation HIV Infections/*genetics/*immunology HIV Long-Term Survivors HIV-1/*immunology HLA Antigens/genetics Humans Interleukin-10/genetics Polymorphism, Genetic Promoter Regions, Genetic Receptors, CCR2 Receptors, CCR5/genetics Receptors, Chemokine/genetics Risk Factors
M. N. Carrington, G., O'Brien, S. J. (2001). Considering genetic profiles in functional studies of immune responsiveness to HIV-1. Immunol Lett, 79(2-Jan), 131-40.
Journal Article
Prevalence and correlates of anemia in a large cohort of HIV-infected women: Women's Interagency HIV Study
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2001
1-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11176266
Anemia is a common manifestation of HIV infection, occurring in approximately 30% of patients with asymptomatic infection and in as many as 75% to 80% of those with AIDS. Anemia has been associated with decreased quality of life and decreased survival. We performed a cross-sectional study nested within a multicenter prospective cohort study to describe the prevalence of anemia in 2056 HIV-infected and 569 HIV-negative women as well as to define the demographic, clinical, immunologic, and virologic correlates of anemia among HIV-infected women. A total of 37% of HIV-positive women and 17% of HIV-negative women had hemoglobin levels < 12 g/dl (p < .001). Factors associated with anemia in HIV-positive and HIV-negative women included mean corpuscular volume (MCV) < 80 fl (p < .001) and black race (p < .001). Among HIV-infected women, multivariate logistic analyses revealed that African American race (p < .0001), MCV < 80 fl (p < .0001), CD4 count < 200 per microliter (p <.0001), higher HIV
10.1097/00126334-200101010-00004
11176266
Adolescent Adult Aged Anemia/*complications/*epidemiology/immunology/virology Anti-HIV Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Disease Progression Female HIV Infections/*complications/drug therapy/immunology/virology HIV Seropositivity/complications/drug therapy/immunology/virology HIV-1/drug effects/genetics/physiology Hemoglobins/analysis Humans Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis Odds Ratio Prevalence RNA, Viral/analysis/genetics Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/pharmacology/therapeutic use Zidovudine/pharmacology/therapeutic use
A. M. B. Levine, K., Masri-Lavine, L., Sanchez, M., Young, M., Augenbraun, M., Cohen, M., Anastos, K., Newman, M., Gange, S. J., Watts, H. (2001). Prevalence and correlates of anemia in a large cohort of HIV-infected women: Women's Interagency HIV Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 26(1), 28-35.
Journal Article
Determinants of heterogeneous adherence to HIV-antiretroviral therapies in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2001
1-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11176272
Assessment of adherence to HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART) is required for studying therapeutic effectiveness and identifying subgroups needing focused education. The study's goals were to describe the level of ART adherence using self-reported recall over a 4-day period and to characterize determinants of lower adherence. The interaction between adherence and drug holidays on level of HIV RNA also was investigated. Perfect self-reported adherence was defined as taking all doses and numbers of pills as prescribed for current HIV medications. Independent predictors of <100% adherence were determined using multivariate logistic regression. Among 539 men, 419 (77.7%) were 100% adherent by the algorithm using self-reported data. HIV-1 RNA was <50 copies/ml in 48.2% of the adherent group versus 33.7% in the less adherent group (p = .015). This proportion dropped to 28% if a drug holiday was reported in addition to lower adherence. A drug holiday was not virologically detrimental if the par
10.1097/00126334-200101010-00012
11176272
Adult African Americans Algorithms Anti-HIV Agents/*administration & dosage/*therapeutic use CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Drug Administration Schedule Drug Therapy, Combination HIV Infections/*drug therapy/immunology/virology Humans Income Middle Aged Odds Ratio Outpatients Patient Compliance/psychology/*statistics & numerical data Reproducibility of Results Self Administration Self Disclosure Surveys and Questionnaires
C. A. P. Kleeberger, J. P., Strathdee, S. A., Detels, R., Kingsley, L., Jacobson, L. P. (2001). Determinants of heterogeneous adherence to HIV-antiretroviral therapies in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 26(1), 82-92.
Journal Article
Evolution of cervical abnormalities among women with HIV-1: evidence from surveillance cytology in the women's interagency HIV study
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2001
15-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11511819
OBJECTIVE: To determine incidence, progression, and regression rates for abnormal cervical cytology and their correlates among women with HIV. METHODS: In a multicenter prospective cohort study conducted October 1, 1994, through September 30, 1999 at university, public, and private medical centers and clinics, 1639 HIV-seropositive and 452 seronegative women were evaluated every 6 months for up to 5 years using history, cervical cytology, T-cell subsets, and quantitative plasma HIV RNA. Human papillomavirus (HPV) typing at baseline was determined by polymerase chain reaction. Cytology was read using the Bethesda system, with any smear showing at least atypia considered abnormal. Poisson regression identified factors associated with incident cytologic abnormalities whereas logistic regression identified those associated with progression and regression after an abnormality. RESULTS: At least one abnormal smear was found during all of follow-up among 73.0% of HIV-seropositive patients and
10.1097/00126334-200108150-00003
11511819
Adult CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia/complications/diagnosis/*epidemiology Cohort Studies Disease Progression Female HIV Infections/*complications HIV-1/isolation & purification Humans Incidence Papillomaviridae/isolation & purification Papillomavirus Infections/complications/diagnosis/*epidemiology Population Surveillance Prognosis Prospective Studies RNA, Viral/blood Risk Factors Tumor Virus Infections/complications/diagnosis/*epidemiology Uterine Cervical Diseases/diagnosis/*epidemiology *Vaginal Smears
L. S. A. Massad, L., Benning, L., Minkoff, H., Greenblatt, R. M., Watts, H., Miotti, P., Anastos, K., Moxley, M., Muderspach, L. I., Melnick, S. (2001). Evolution of cervical abnormalities among women with HIV-1: evidence from surveillance cytology in the women's interagency HIV study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 27(5), 432-42.
Journal Article
Opportunistic infection prophylaxis in the women's interagency HIV study (WIHS)
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2001
1-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11588516
10.1097/00126334-200110010-00014
11588516
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/drug therapy/physiopathology/*prevention & control *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Confidence Intervals Ethnic Groups Female Humans Interinstitutional Relations Odds Ratio Opportunistic Infections/*prevention & control Patient Compliance Practice Guidelines as Topic United States United States Public Health Service *Women's Health
M. T. Augenbraun, P., Greenblatt, R., Cohen, M., French, A., Gore, M. E., Watts, H., Preston-Martin, S., Anastos, K., Women's Interagency, H. I. V. Study (2001). Opportunistic infection prophylaxis in the women's interagency HIV study (WIHS). J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 28(2), 195-6.
Journal Article
Screening for HIV infection in indigent women with newly diagnosed cervical cancer
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2001
1-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11404528
10.1097/00126334-200105010-00018
11404528
Adult Aged Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/*complications Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Female HIV Antibodies/blood HIV Infections/*diagnosis/*epidemiology HIV-1/immunology Humans Incidence *Mass Screening Middle Aged Prevalence Risk Factors Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/*complications
N. R. L. Abu-Rustum, S., Massad, L. S. (2001). Screening for HIV infection in indigent women with newly diagnosed cervical cancer. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 27(1), 95-6.
Journal Article
Increase and plateau of CD4 T-cell counts in the 3(1/2) years after initiation of potent antiretroviral therapy
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2001
1-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11404539
We evaluated CD4 cell counts over a 3(1/2) year period following the initiation of potent antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. The study population included 314 HIV-infected gay men who provided CD4 cell counts for at least 2 years after the initiation of potent ART. Trends in CD4 cell counts and plasma HIV-RNA were analyzed by regression methods that incorporated the statistical dependencies of outcomes measured over time within individuals. Regardless of CD4 cell count at initiation of potent ART, CD4 cell counts increased significantly (p <.05) in the first 2 years after initiation. However, between 2 and 3(1/2) years after initiation, these counts neither increased nor decreased. The pattern of the proportion with plasma HIV-RNA <400 copies/ml was similar to CD4 cell count (i.e., increased significantly after initiation and plateau in the subsequent 1(1/2) years). The single most important predictor of the steady state CD4 cell count that was maintaine
10.1097/00126334-200106010-00012
11404539
Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use *CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Drug Therapy, Combination HIV Infections/*drug therapy/epidemiology/*immunology HIV-1/physiology Homosexuality Humans Longitudinal Studies Male RNA, Viral/blood Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/*therapeutic use
P. M. M. Tarwater, J. B., Jin, J., Phair, J. P., Detels, R., Rinaldo, C., Giorgi, J., Munoz, A. (2001). Increase and plateau of CD4 T-cell counts in the 3(1/2) years after initiation of potent antiretroviral therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 27(2), 168-75.
Journal Article
Brief report: condom use consistency associated with beliefs regarding HIV disease transmission among women receiving HIV antiretroviral therapy
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2001
1-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11464150
OBJECTIVE: To ascertain whether condom use consistency is associated with beliefs regarding a decreased likelihood of HIV transmission as a function of taking antiretroviral therapy. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of HIV-positive women from Brooklyn (NY) enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) who were taking any form of antiretroviral therapy at the time of data collection. METHODS: Between February and October, 1999, 145 HIV-positive eligible women participated in a structured, face-to-face interview. Interviews assessed attitudes and behaviors related to antiretroviral therapy and sexual risk behavior in the 6 months since a previous study visit. RESULTS: Over three fourths of the study sample (77%) disagreed with a statement that being on antiretroviral therapy decreases the chances of transmitting HIV to others. After controlling for number of sexual partners and HIV serostatus of partners, women reporting no association between HIV therapy and disease infectiousnes
10.1097/00126334-200107010-00012
11464150
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use *Condoms Cross-Sectional Studies HIV Infections/drug therapy/*psychology/*transmission *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice Humans Interviews as Topic Male Middle Aged Odds Ratio Risk Factors Risk-Taking Sexual Behavior
T. E. M. Wilson, H. (2001). Brief report: condom use consistency associated with beliefs regarding HIV disease transmission among women receiving HIV antiretroviral therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 27(3), 289-91.
Journal Article
Prevalence and predictors of skin disease in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS)
J Am Acad Dermatol
2001
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11312425
OBJECTIVE: We attempted to determine the prevalence and predictors of skin disease in a cohort of women with and at risk for HIV infection. METHODS: We analyzed baseline data from a multicenter longitudinal study of HIV infection in women. RESULTS: A total of 2018 HIV-infected women and 557 HIV-uninfected women were included in this analysis. Skin abnormalities were reported more frequently among HIV-infected than uninfected women (63% vs 44%, respectively; odds ratio [OR] 2.10; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.74-2.54). Infected women were also more likely to have more than 2 skin diagnoses (OR, 3.27; 95% CI, 1.31-8.16). Folliculitis, seborrheic dermatitis, herpes zoster, and onychomycosis were more common among HIV-infected women (P < .05). Independent predictors of abnormal findings on skin examination in the infected women were African American race (OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.07-1.77), injection drug use (OR, 2.74; 95% CI, 2.11-3.57), CD4(+) count less than 50 (OR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.17-
10.1067/mjd.2001.112350
11312425
Adolescent Adult Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/*complications Humans Longitudinal Studies Middle Aged Prevalence Skin Diseases/*complications/*epidemiology United States/epidemiology Viral Load Women's Health
P. H. Mirmirani, N. A., Maurer, T. A., Berger, T. G., Nguyen, P., Khalsa, A., Gurtman, A., Micci, S., Young, M., Holman, S., Gange, S. J., Greenblatt, R. M. (2001). Prevalence and predictors of skin disease in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). J Am Acad Dermatol, 44(5), 785-8.
Journal Article
Women and HIV: creating an ambiance of caring
J Am Med Womens Assoc (1972)
2001
Winter
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11202071
In their study of women living with or at risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, Schuman et al found that one-third of women reported needing mental health care, but that only two-thirds of those in need had that need met. This article describes an approach to providing mental health services to women with HIV used in our Chicago clinic. What we call the "ambiance of caring" creates an atmosphere in which mental health support can be provided and received. A continuing respectful primary care relationship and a supportive non-judgmental environment are the keys to success. Good communication, sensitive history taking, appropriate assessment tools, and direct questioning in a safe setting will let the patient know that you really care about what she is experiencing. Real-time referrals with a team of social workers, psychologists, and psychiatrists allow the best beginning to the therapeutic relationship. The next decade will provide an opportunity to address the mental h
11202071
Chicago Community Mental Health Services/*methods *Empathy Female HIV Infections/prevention & control/*psychology Humans Professional-Patient Relations Social Support *Women's Health Services
M. H. Cohen (2001). Women and HIV: creating an ambiance of caring. J Am Med Womens Assoc (1972), 56(1), 10-Sep.
Journal Article
Jointly modeling longitudinal and event time data with application to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
J Am Stat Assoc
2001
2001
https://amstat.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1198/016214501753208591
In many clinical and epidemiologic studies, periodically measured disease markers are used to monitor progression to the onset of disease. Motivated by a study of CD4 counts in men infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) at risk for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), we developed a joint model for analysis of both longitudinal and event time data. We use a longitudinal model for continuous data that incorporates a mean structure dependent on covariates, a random intercept, a stochastic process, and measurement error. A central component of the longitudinal model is an integrated Ornstein-Uhlenbeck stochastic process, which represents a family of covariance structures with a random effects model and Brownian motion as special cases. The regression model for the event time data is a proportional hazards model that includes the longitudinal marker as a time-dependent variable and other covariates. A Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm was developed for fitting the joint mo
10.1007/s10985-005-7222-7
16583301
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome AIDS AIDS data analysis application category: methodological CD4 clinical cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Disease effects estimation Hiv Human human immunodeficiency virus immunodeficiency longitudinal longitudinal models marker markers Markov chain Monte Carlo measurement model Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process progression Risk Stochastic Processes study survival models virus
Y. T. Wang, J.M.G. (2001). Jointly modeling longitudinal and event time data with application to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. J Am Stat Assoc, 96(455), 895-905.
Journal Article
Therapy naivete in the era of potent antiretroviral therapy
J Clin Epidemiol
2001
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11166530
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) use was examined in a cohort of homosexual men infected with HIV-1 for long periods. Multivariate logistic regression models, stratified by clinical indication (below and above 500 CD4 cells/microl or prior AIDS), were used to determine predictors of ART naivete. Of the 673 men seen at visit 28 (10/97-4/98), 89 (13.2%) never used ART and 548 (81.4%) were current users; 55% of the therapy-naive were ART eligible. Lower CD4 cell counts predicted (P <.001) ART use. Determinants of therapy naivete differed by clinical indication. African-American race and no prior ambulatory visit predicted (P <.05) ART naivete in men with > or =500 CD4 cells/microl. Among those with clinical indications, less education, younger age, multiple sexual partners, and no prior ambulatory visit significantly predicted ART naivete. In this era of effective ART, use was not universal. Besides disease markers, these nonclinical determinants need to be considered for promoting population
10.1016/s0895-4356(00)00274-2
11166530
Adult Age Factors Ambulatory Care/statistics & numerical data Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use Bisexuality/*psychology CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Educational Status HIV Infections/*drug therapy/immunology/*psychology *hiv-1 Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice Homosexuality, Male/*psychology Humans Logistic Models Male Motivation Multivariate Analysis Patient Acceptance of Health Care/*psychology/*statistics & numerical data Practice Guidelines as Topic Predictive Value of Tests Risk Factors Sexual Partners Socioeconomic Factors Surveys and Questionnaires United States Urban Health
L. P. G. Jacobson, M. E., Strathdee, S. A., Phair, J. P., Riddler, S., Detels, R., Multicenter, Aids Cohort Study (2001). Therapy naivete in the era of potent antiretroviral therapy. J Clin Epidemiol, 54(2), 149-56.
Journal Article
Preferential suppression of CXCR4-specific strains of HIV-1 by antiviral therapy
J Clin Invest
2001
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11181642
To initiate infection, HIV-1 requires a primary receptor, CD4, and a secondary receptor, principally the chemokine receptor CCR5 or CXCR4. Coreceptor usage plays a critical role in HIV-1 disease progression. HIV-1 transmitted in vivo generally uses CCR5 (R5), but later CXCR4 (X4) strains may emerge; this shift heralds CD4+ cell depletion and clinical deterioration. We asked whether antiretroviral therapy can shift HIV-1 populations back to R5 viruses after X4 strains have emerged, in part because treatment has been successful in slowing disease progression without uniformly suppressing plasma viremia. We analyzed the coreceptor usage of serial primary isolates from 15 women with advanced disease who demonstrated X4 viruses. Coreceptor usage was determined by using a HOS-CD4+ cell system, biological and molecular cloning, and sequencing the envelope gene V3 region. By constructing a mathematical model to measure the proportion of virus in a specimen using each coreceptor, we demonstrate
10.1172/JCI11526
11181642
PMC199259
Anti-HIV Agents/*pharmacology Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active CD4 Lymphocyte Count Female HIV-1/*drug effects/physiology Humans RNA, Viral/chemistry Receptors, CXCR4/physiology
S. W. Philpott, B., Anastos, K., Kitchen, C. M., Robison, E., Meyer, W. A., 3rd, Sacks, H. S., Mathur-Wagh, U., Brunner, C., Burger, H. (2001). Preferential suppression of CXCR4-specific strains of HIV-1 by antiviral therapy. J Clin Invest, 107(4), 431-8. PMC199259
Journal Article
Longitudinal variability of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA viral load measurements by nucleic acid sequence-based amplification and NucliSens assays in a large multicenter study
J Clin Microbiol
2001
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11574612
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA measurements were evaluated within an externally controlled multilaboratory program. Three external standards (1.5 x 10(3) to 1.5 x 10(6) copies/ml) were included in 814 assay runs by four laboratories. Results indicate that HIV-1 RNA levels can be measured with a precision equal to that of the pre-highly active antiretroviral therapy era (standard deviations, +/-0.16 to 0.25 log10 units).
10.1128/JCM.39.10.3760-3763.2001
11574612
PMC88428
HIV Infections/*diagnosis/virology HIV-1/*physiology Laboratories Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques/methods/*standards Quality Control RNA, Viral/*blood Reference Values Self-Sustained Sequence Replication/methods/*standards Viral Load Virology
M. J. B. Nowicki, L., Bremer, J. W., Meyer, W. A., 3rd, Hanson, C., Brambilla, D., Silver, S., Kovacs, A., Women's Interagency, H. I. V. Study Collaborative Study Group (2001). Longitudinal variability of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA viral load measurements by nucleic acid sequence-based amplification and NucliSens assays in a large multicenter study. J Clin Microbiol, 39(10), 3760-3. PMC88428
Journal Article
The role of epidemiology in challenging the HIV/AIDS pandemic
J Epidemiol
2001
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11388499
The HIV/AIDS pandemic has challenged the resourcefulness of epidemiology and epidemiologists. In response to the challenge, epidemiologists have used existing epidemiologic strategies, expanded existing strategies, and developed new strategies to answer key questions about the transmission of HIV, the natural history of HIV at the molecular, host, and community levels, for evaluation of treatment effectiveness and intervention strategies, and to inform public health policy. In responding to the challenge of the pandemic, epidemiologists have also increasingly collaborated with scientists from other disciplines, particularly immunology, virology, and the behavioral sciences. Examples of the application of these epidemiologic strategies are presented.
10.2188/jea.11.95
11388499
Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Child Disease Outbreaks/*statistics & numerical data Disease Progression Drug Evaluation Global Health HIV Infections/drug therapy/*epidemiology/physiopathology Humans Population Surveillance/methods *Research Design
R. Detels (2001). The role of epidemiology in challenging the HIV/AIDS pandemic. J Epidemiol, 11(2), 95-102.
Journal Article
HIV-1 IgA specific serum antibodies and disease progression during HIV-1 infection
J Hum Virol
2001
Sep-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11907384
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of serum human immunodeficiency virus type 1 immunoglobulin A (HIV-1 IgA) antibodies in the progression of HIV-1 infection in relation to viral load and CD4 cell counts. METHODS: Sequential serum specimens were obtained from 218 homosexual men: 123 HIV-1 seropositives, 24 HIV-1 seroconverters, and 71 HIV-1 seronegatives. HIV-1 IgA antibodies were tested blindly by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot. T-lymphocyte subsets were measured by flow cytometry. Viral plasma load was determined by a sensitive branched DNA assay. RESULTS: HIV-1 IgA antibodies with a titer greater than or equal to 50 were detected among 50% of the seroconverters, 27% of the HIV-1-seropositive asymptomatic subjects, 25% of lymphadenopathy, and 23% of HIV-1-related symptomatic subjects. Among patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome, the prevalence of virus-specific IgA antibodies (55%) was significantly higher (p < 0.03) as compared with the HIV-1-seropos
11907384
Adult Blotting, Western CD4 Lymphocyte Count CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology Disease Progression Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods HIV Antibodies/*blood/immunology HIV Infections/*blood/immunology/physiopathology/virology HIV-1/*immunology Humans Immunoglobulin A/*blood/immunology Male Predictive Value of Tests Viral Load
M. L. Margalith, E., Rinaldo, C. R., Detels, R., Phair, J., Kaslow, R., Saah, A. J., Sarov, B. (2001). HIV-1 IgA specific serum antibodies and disease progression during HIV-1 infection. J Hum Virol, 4(5), 269-77.
Journal Article
Simultaneous flow cytometric measurement of viability and lymphocyte subset proliferation
J Immunol Methods
2001
1-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11150548
Combined analysis of DNA content and immunofluorescence on single cells by flow cytometry provides information on the proliferative response of cellular sub-populations in mixed cell preparations. However, the presence of considerable numbers of dead (nonviable) cells impairs accurate flow cytometric data analysis, mainly, because dead cells can bind antibodies non-specifically and show alterations in their DNA staining profiles. We developed a rapid method for identification of dead cells by fluorescence in cell preparations that are stained simultaneously for two-color immunofluorescence and DNA content. Cells are stained with 7-aminoactinomycin D (7-AAD) for dead cell discrimination and with fluorescein-isothiocyanate (FITC) and phycoerythrin (PE)-labeled monoclonal antibodies (mAb) for cell surface immunofluorescence. Diffusion of 7-AAD from stained, dead cells into unstained, live cells after cell permeabilization is blocked by the addition of its non-fluorescent analogue actinomy
10.1016/s0022-1759(00)00323-9
11150548
CD28 Antigens/immunology CD3 Complex/immunology Carbocyanines Cell Division Cell Separation/*methods Cell Survival DNA Dactinomycin/analogs & derivatives Flow Cytometry/*methods Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate Fluorescent Antibody Technique Fluorescent Dyes Humans Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology/immunology Staining and Labeling/methods Titrimetry Tumor Cells, Cultured
I. H. Schmid, M. A., Cole, S. W., Uittenbogaart, C. H., Giorgi, J. V., Jamieson, B. D. (2001). Simultaneous flow cytometric measurement of viability and lymphocyte subset proliferation. J Immunol Methods, 247(2-Jan), 175-86.
Journal Article
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 stimulatory activity by Gardnerella vaginalis: relationship to biotypes and other pathogenic characteristics
J Infect Dis
2001
1-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11398105
Stimulation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 expression by Gardnerella vaginalis is one possible cause for an increase in the amount of virus in the genital tract. The ability of G. vaginalis to induce HIV expression in chronically infected U1 cells was investigated, along with its possible relationship to biotype, genotype, and resistance to metronidazole and bacteriocin. Significant HIV stimulatory activity was found in 5 (50%) lysates of G. vaginalis. The ability to induce HIV expression in U1 cells was statistically associated with G. vaginalis biotype (P=.048) but not with genotype or resistance to metronidazole and bacteriocin. Further studies to explore the in vivo relevance of HIV activation by G. vaginalis in the female genital tract are warranted, since prevention strategies of bacterial vaginosis and colonization by certain biotypes of G. vaginalis may be valuable in reducing the risk of sexual transmission of HIV.
10.1086/321002
11398105
Anti-Bacterial Agents Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology Bacteriocins/pharmacology Cells, Cultured Drug Resistance, Microbial Female Gardnerella vaginalis/*pathogenicity Genotype HIV Core Protein p24/metabolism HIV Infections/*complications *hiv-1 Humans Lactobacillus/metabolism Metronidazole/pharmacology Vagina/microbiology Vaginosis, Bacterial/*complications Virus Replication
J. A. H. Simoes, F. B., Aroutcheva, A. A., Heimler, I., Spear, G. T., Shott, S., Faro, S. (2001). Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 stimulatory activity by Gardnerella vaginalis: relationship to biotypes and other pathogenic characteristics. J Infect Dis, 184(1), 22-7.
Journal Article
Prevalence and risk factors for anal human papillomavirus infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and high-risk HIV-negative women
J Infect Dis
2001
1-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11133369
Little is known about the epidemiology of anal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in women. We studied 251 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and 68 HIV-negative women for the presence of anal HPV by use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and hybrid capture. Medical and behavioral risk factors were evaluated; 76% of HIV-positive and 42% of HIV-negative women were found to have anal HPV DNA via analysis by PCR (relative risk [RR], 1.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3-2.5). Among 200 women for whom there were concurrent anal and cervical HPV data, anal HPV was more common than cervical HPV in both HIV-positive (79% vs. 53%) and HIV-negative women (43% vs. 24%). By multivariate analysis of HIV-positive women, CD4(+) cell counts </=200 cells/mm(3), compared with counts >500 cells/mm(3) (RR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1-1.5), and cervical HPV infection (RR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1-1.4) were associated with anal HPV infection. Women >45 years old had reduced risk, compared with women <36 years old
10.1086/318071
11133369
Adult Anal Canal/virology Anus Diseases/complications/*epidemiology/virology Cervix Uteri/virology Cohort Studies DNA, Viral/analysis Female HIV Infections/*complications HIV Seronegativity HIV-1/isolation & purification/physiology Humans Middle Aged Papillomaviridae/genetics/*isolation & purification Papillomavirus Infections/complications/*epidemiology/virology Polymerase Chain Reaction Prevalence RNA, Viral/blood Risk Factors Tumor Virus Infections/complications/*epidemiology/virology Uterine Cervical Diseases/complications/epidemiology/virology Viral Load
J. M. H. Palefsky, E. A., Ralston, M. L., Da Costa, M., Greenblatt, R. M. (2001). Prevalence and risk factors for anal human papillomavirus infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and high-risk HIV-negative women. J Infect Dis, 183(3), 383-91.
Journal Article
Chronic inflammation with increased human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA expression in the vaginal epithelium of HIV-infected Thai women
J Infect Dis
2001
15-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11471098
Thai residents have a greater risk of heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) than do US residents. To analyze host factors associated with heterosexual transmission, vaginal epithelial biopsies from HIV-seropositive Thai and US women were evaluated for tissue virus load and histologic makeup. In all, 84% of Thai and 14% of US women exhibited a chronic inflammatory T cell infiltrate in the vaginal epithelium. In Thai tissue, the infiltrate was associated with elevated levels of HIV RNA in the epidermis. Uninfected Thai women also had vaginal epithelial inflammation. Inflammation did not correlate with sexually transmitted diseases or HIV disease stage. The higher rates and increased risk of heterosexual transmission in Thailand may be due to chronic inflammation at the site where the virus is transmitted, which leads to the accumulation of activated T cells. Such cells might act as targets for initial viral infection and subsequently as reservoirs that support e
10.1086/322780
11471098
Adult CD4 Lymphocyte Count Epithelium/immunology/pathology/virology Female HIV Infections/immunology/*virology HIV-1/*physiology Humans Langerhans Cells/immunology Middle Aged RNA, Viral/*analysis/blood Sexually Transmitted Diseases/diagnosis Thailand United States Vagina/immunology/pathology/*virology Vaginitis/*immunology Viral Load
M. A. F. Cohn, S. S., Rugpao, S., Young, M. A., Willett, G., Tovanabutra, S., Khamboonruang, C., VanCott, T., Bhoopat, L., Barrick, S., Fox, C., Quinn, T. C., Vahey, M., Nelson, K. E., Weissman, D. (2001). Chronic inflammation with increased human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA expression in the vaginal epithelium of HIV-infected Thai women. J Infect Dis, 184(4), 410-7.
Journal Article
Variation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 viral RNA levels in the female genital tract: implications for applying measurements to individual women
J Infect Dis
2001
1-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11598843
The short-term detection and variability of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA level was assessed in the blood plasma and genital tracts of 55 HIV-1-infected women. Specimens were collected weekly for 8 weeks from the endocervical canal with wicks and cytobrushes and from the ectocervix and vagina with cervicovaginal lavage. In all, 48 women (87.3%) had detectable genital tract HIV-1 RNA at > or =1 collection times. HIV-1 RNA levels varied least in specimens from endocervical canal wick and most in cervicovaginal lavage samples. The within-subject variation for genital-tract virus level was greater than that for blood. Overall, the odds for viral RNA detection in the genital tract approximately tripled for each 10-fold increase in plasma viral RNA concentration (P<.001) or with concomitant genital tract infection (P=.003). Endocervical canal wicks should be considered as an adjunct to cervicovaginal lavage, to improve the sensitivity and precision of HIV-1 RNA detection.
10.1086/323660
11598843
Cervix Uteri/virology Female *Genetic Variation Genitalia, Female/*virology HIV Infections/*virology HIV-1/genetics/*physiology Humans Menstrual Cycle Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques/methods RNA, Viral/*analysis/blood Specimen Handling/methods Vagina/virology *Virus Shedding
R. W. W. Coombs, D. J., Reichelderfer, P. S., Burns, D. N., Cohn, J., Cu-Uvin, S., Baron, P. A., Cohen, M. H., Landay, A. L., Lewis, S., Kovacs, A., Women's Health Study, Team (2001). Variation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 viral RNA levels in the female genital tract: implications for applying measurements to individual women. J Infect Dis, 184(9), 1187-91.
Journal Article
Correlating Papanicolaou Smear, Colposcopic Impression, and Biopsy: Results from the Women' s Interagency HIV Study
J Low Genit Tract Dis
2001
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17050978/
10.1046/j.1526-0976.2001.54005.x
17050978
L. S. S. Massad, Michael, Watts, Heather, Darragh, Teresa, Abulafia, Ovadia, Salzer, Elizabeth, Muderspach, Laila I., Sidawy, Mary, Melnick, Sandra (2001). Correlating Papanicolaou Smear, Colposcopic Impression, and Biopsy: Results from the Women' s Interagency HIV Study. J Low Genit Tract Dis, 5(4), 212-218.
Journal Article
Prevalence and risk factors for anal squamous intraepithelial lesions in women
J Natl Cancer Inst
2001
6-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11390533
BACKGROUND: Anal cancers are thought to arise from squamous intraepithelial lesions in the anal canal, and women infected with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV) may be at higher risk of anal cancer. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related abnormalities of the anal canal in women and to characterize risk factors for these lesions. METHODS: We evaluated HPV-related abnormalities in 251 HIV-positive and in 68 HIV-negative women. We completed physical examinations and obtained questionnaire data on medical history and relevant sexual practices. Univariate and adjusted relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed using the Mantel-Haenszel procedure and regression techniques. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: Abnormal anal cytology, including atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, or high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs), was diagnosed in 26%
10.1093/jnci/93.11.843
11390533
Adult Anal Canal/pathology Analysis of Variance Anus Neoplasms/*epidemiology Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/*epidemiology Confidence Intervals Continental Population Groups Educational Status Ethnic Groups Female HIV Infections/*complications/epidemiology HIV Seronegativity HIV Seropositivity/epidemiology Humans Income Marital Status Medical History Taking Middle Aged Papillomaviridae/isolation & purification Papillomavirus Infections/*complications/epidemiology Prevalence Regression Analysis Risk Risk Factors San Francisco/epidemiology Sexual Behavior *Socioeconomic Factors Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology Surveys and Questionnaires Tumor Virus Infections/complications/epidemiology
E. A. R. Holly, M. L., Darragh, T. M., Greenblatt, R. M., Jay, N., Palefsky, J. M. (2001). Prevalence and risk factors for anal squamous intraepithelial lesions in women. J Natl Cancer Inst, 93(11), 843-9.
Journal Article
Macrophage tropism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates from brain and lymphoid tissues predicts neurotropism independent of coreceptor specificity
J Virol
2001
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11581376
The viral determinants that underlie human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) neurotropism are unknown, due in part to limited studies on viruses isolated from brain. Previous studies suggest that brain-derived viruses are macrophage tropic (M-tropic) and principally use CCR5 for virus entry. To better understand HIV-1 neurotropism, we isolated primary viruses from autopsy brain, cerebral spinal fluid, blood, spleen, and lymph node samples from AIDS patients with dementia and HIV-1 encephalitis. Isolates were characterized to determine coreceptor usage and replication capacity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM), and microglia. Env V1/V2 and V3 heteroduplex tracking assay and sequence analyses were performed to characterize distinct variants in viral quasispecies. Viruses isolated from brain, which consisted of variants that were distinct from those in lymphoid tissues, used CCR5 (R5), CXCR4 (X4), or both coreceptors (R5X4). Minor usage o
10.1128/JVI.75.21.10073-10089.2001
11581376
PMC114582
Amino Acid Sequence Brain/*virology CD4 Antigens/analysis Gene Products, env/chemistry HIV-1/*physiology Humans Leukocytes, Mononuclear/virology Lymphoid Tissue/*virology Macrophages/*virology Microglia/*virology Molecular Sequence Data Polymerase Chain Reaction Receptors, CCR5/analysis/physiology Receptors, CXCR4/physiology Receptors, HIV/*physiology Virus Replication
P. R. B. Gorry, G., Zack, J. A., Ritola, K., Swanstrom, R., Birch, C. J., Bell, J. E., Bannert, N., Crawford, K., Wang, H., Schols, D., De Clercq, E., Kunstman, K., Wolinsky, S. M., Gabuzda, D. (2001). Macrophage tropism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates from brain and lymphoid tissues predicts neurotropism independent of coreceptor specificity. J Virol, 75(21), 10073-89. PMC114582
Journal Article
Restoration of anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) responses in CD8+ T cells from late-stage patients on prolonged antiretroviral therapy by stimulation in vitro with HIV-1 protein-loaded dendritic cells
J Virol
2001
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11287592
We demonstrate that dendritic cells loaded in vitro with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protein-liposome complexes activate HLA class I-restricted anti-HIV-1 cytotoxic T-lymphocyte and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) responses in autologous CD8+ T cells from late-stage HIV-1-infected patients on prolonged combination drug therapy. Interleukin-12 enhanced this effect through an interleukin-2- and IFN-gamma-mediated pathway. This suggests that dendritic cells from HIV-1-infected persons can be engineered to evoke stronger anti-HIV-1 CD8+ T-cell reactivity as a strategy to augment antiretroviral therapy.
10.1128/JVI.75.9.4413-4419.2001
11287592
PMC114188
Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/virology Cytotoxicity, Immunologic Dendritic Cells/*immunology HIV Infections/blood/drug therapy/*immunology/virology HIV-1/*immunology Humans Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis Interleukin-12/pharmacology Interleukin-2/immunology Time Factors Viral Proteins/*immunology
Z. H. Fan, X. L., Borowski, L., Mellors, J. W., Rinaldo, C. R., Jr. (2001). Restoration of anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) responses in CD8+ T cells from late-stage patients on prolonged antiretroviral therapy by stimulation in vitro with HIV-1 protein-loaded dendritic cells. J Virol, 75(9), 4413-9. PMC114188
Journal Article
Determinants of HIV-1 shedding in the genital tract of women
Lancet
2001
10-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11716886
BACKGROUND: Plasma HIV-1 RNA concentration has been the best predictor for risk of heterosexual and perinatal transmission. However, direct contact with HIV-1 present locally in the genital tract might be necessary for transmission. We aimed to assess the relation between HIV-1 shedding (RNA or culturable virus) in female genital secretions and other factors that might affect HIV-1 shedding. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study within the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), a prospective longitudinal cohort study of HIV-infected women. We enrolled 311 HIV positive women from Jan 30, 1997 to July 1, 1998. We did clinical assessments, cultured HIV-1, and measured RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and genital secretions. We compared the results with univariate and multivariate analyses. Presence of HIV-1 RNA or culturable virus in genital secretions was defined as HIV-1 shedding. FINDINGS: HIV-1 RNA was present in genital secretions of 57% (152/268) of women whereas
10.1016/S0140-6736(01)06653-3
11716886
Adult Cross-Sectional Studies Female Genitalia, Female/*virology HIV-1/*isolation & purification Humans Middle Aged Multicenter Studies as Topic Prospective Studies RNA, Viral/blood Risk Factors United States/epidemiology Virus Diseases/diagnosis/epidemiology *Virus Shedding
A. W. Kovacs, S. S., Burns, D., Wright, D. J., Cohn, J., Landay, A., Weber, K., Cohen, M., Levine, A., Minkoff, H., Miotti, P., Palefsky, J., Young, M., Reichelderfer, P., Datri Study Group, Wihs Study Group (2001). Determinants of HIV-1 shedding in the genital tract of women. Lancet, 358(9293), 1593-601.
Journal Article
Effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on frequency of oral warts
Lancet
2001
5-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11356441
To investigate changes in the pattern of oral disease associated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), we assessed the frequency of these lesions in our clinic over 9 years. We retrospectively studied 1280 patients seen between July, 1990, and June, 1999, and related oral findings to medication use, immune function, and viral load. We found significant decreases in oral candidosis, hairy leucoplakia, and Kaposi's sarcoma over time, but no change in the occurrence of aphthous ulcers. There was an increase in salivary-gland disease and a striking increase in warts: three-fold for patients on antiretroviral therapy and six-fold for those on HAART (p=0.01). This pattern of oral disease in a referral clinic suggests that an increase in oral warts could be occurring as a complication of HAART.
10.1016/S0140-6736(00)04578-5
11356441
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/*drug therapy Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*adverse effects CD4 Lymphocyte Count Candidiasis, Oral/drug therapy HIV Infections/*drug therapy Humans Leukoplakia, Hairy/drug therapy Mouth Diseases/*chemically induced Prevalence Protease Inhibitors/therapeutic use Retrospective Studies Viral Load Warts/*chemically induced
D. C. Greenspan, A. J., MacPhail, L. A., Cheikh, B., Greenspan, J. S. (2001). Effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on frequency of oral warts. Lancet, 357(9266), 1411-2.
Journal Article
Stimulation of anti-HIV-1 cytotoxic T lymphocytes by dendritic cells
Methods in Molecular Medicine. Dendritic Cell Protocols.
2001
category: immunology/virology cells cytotoxic Dendritic Cells lymphocyte Lymphocytes methods T-Lymphocytes t lymphocytes
Book Section
Effect of a single amino acid change in MHC class I molecules on the rate of progression to AIDS
N Engl J Med
2001
31-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11386265
BACKGROUND: From studies of genetic polymorphisms and the rate of progression from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), it appears that the strongest susceptibility is conferred by the major-histocompatibility-complex (MHC) class I type HLA-B*35,Cw*04 allele. However, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses have been observed against HIV-1 epitopes presented by HLA-B*3501, the most common HLA-B*35 subtype. We examined subtypes of HLA-B*35 in five cohorts and analyzed the relation of structural differences between HLA-B*35 subtypes to the risk of progression to AIDS. METHODS: Genotyping of HLA class I loci was performed for 850 patients who seroconverted and had known dates of HIV-1 infection. Survival analyses with respect to the rate of progression to AIDS were performed to identify the effects of closely related HLA-B*35 subtypes with different peptide-binding specificities. RESULTS: HLA-B*35 subtypes were divided into two g
10.1056/NEJM200105313442203
11386265
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*genetics African Continental Ancestry Group/genetics Alleles Amino Acid Sequence Binding Sites/genetics Disease Progression Disease-Free Survival European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics *Genes, MHC Class I Genotype HIV Infections/ethnology/*genetics/immunology HLA-B35 Antigen/chemistry/*genetics HLA-C Antigens Humans Peptides/metabolism Proportional Hazards Models Receptors, Peptide/chemistry/genetics/metabolism
X. N. Gao, G. W., Karacki, P., Martin, M. P., Phair, J., Kaslow, R., Goedert, J. J., Buchbinder, S., Hoots, K., Vlahov, D., O'Brien, S. J., Carrington, M. (2001). Effect of a single amino acid change in MHC class I molecules on the rate of progression to AIDS. N Engl J Med, 344(22), 1668-75.
Journal Article
HIV in the brain: RNA levels and patterns of zidovudine resistance
Neurology
2001
23-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11673579
OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between HIV RNA levels, patterns of antiretroviral resistance, and neurologic status. METHODS: Autopsy samples from 13 HIV-infected subjects were examined for HIV-1 viral RNA (vRNA), and viral reverse transcriptase (RT) genotype was determined. All subjects had been clinically characterized using standard instruments before death. RESULTS: The median HIV-1 vRNA level in brain samples from subjects with moderate dementia was 7.79 log(10) copies/g (range 5.56 to 9.75 log(10) copies/g) compared with 5.44 log(10) copies/g (range 3.51 to 9.32 log(10) copies/g) for mildly demented subjects and 4.87 log(10) copies/g (3.51 to 6.86 log(10) copies/g) for those obtained from nondemented individuals. There were differences between subjects with moderate dementia and nondemented subjects (p = 0.0002) and between subjects with moderate and mild dementia (p = 0.0128). No significant differences among the groups were observed for vRNA levels in peripheral tissues.
10.1212/wnl.57.8.1396
11673579
AIDS Dementia Complex/*drug therapy/virology Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use Brain/virology CD4 Lymphocyte Count HIV Reverse Transcriptase/genetics HIV-1/*genetics/isolation & purification Humans Immunity, Innate Mutation RNA, Viral/analysis Severity of Illness Index Virus Replication Zidovudine/*therapeutic use
D. R. L. McClernon, R., Gartner, S., Feaser, P., Pardo, C. A., St Clair, M., Liao, Q., McArthur, J. C. (2001). HIV in the brain: RNA levels and patterns of zidovudine resistance. Neurology, 57(8), 1396-401.
Journal Article
Neural correlates of attention and working memory deficits in HIV patients
Neurology
2001
25-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11571324
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the neural correlates of attention and working memory deficits in patients with HIV-1. METHOD: fMRI was used to evaluate brain activity in 11 patients with HIV and 11 age-, sex-, education-, and handedness-matched seronegative subjects, while performing a battery of tasks that required different levels of attention for working memory. RESULTS: Patients with HIV showed greater brain activation (blood oxygenation level dependent signal changes) in some regions compared with control subjects while performing the same tasks. For the simpler tasks, patients with HIV showed greater activation in the parietal regions. However, with more difficult tasks, patients with HIV showed greater activation additionally in the frontal lobes. Reaction times during these tasks were slower but accuracy was similar in the patients with HIV compared with control subjects. CONCLUSION: Injury to the neural substrate caused by HIV infection may necessitate greater attentional modulation
10.1212/wnl.57.6.1001
11571324
AIDS Dementia Complex/*physiopathology Attention/*physiology Brain Mapping Cerebral Cortex/*physiopathology Corpus Striatum/physiopathology Female Frontal Lobe/physiopathology *hiv-1 Humans Image Processing, Computer-Assisted Imaging, Three-Dimensional *Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Mental Recall/*physiology Neurons/physiology Oxygen Consumption/physiology Reaction Time/physiology
L. S. Chang, O., Miller, E. N., Braun, J., Jovicich, J., Koch, C., Itti, L., Ernst, T. (2001). Neural correlates of attention and working memory deficits in HIV patients. Neurology, 57(6), 1001-7.
Journal Article
HIV-associated neurologic disease incidence changes:: Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, 1990-1998
Neurology
2001
23-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11160967
This study examined the temporal trends in the incidence rates of HIV dementia, cryptococcal meningitis, toxoplasmosis, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, and CNS lymphoma from January 1990 to December 1998 in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. The incidence rates for HIV dementia, cryptococcal meningitis, and lymphoma decreased following the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The proportion of new cases of HIV dementia with a CD4 count in a higher range (i.e., 201 to 350) since 1996 may be increasing.
10.1212/wnl.56.2.257
11160967
AIDS Dementia Complex/*epidemiology Cohort Studies Humans Incidence Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/epidemiology Meningitis, Cryptococcal/epidemiology Multicenter Studies as Topic Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral/epidemiology United States/epidemiology
N. L. Sacktor, R. H., Skolasky, R., Kleeberger, C., Selnes, O. A., Miller, E. N., Becker, J. T., Cohen, B., McArthur, J. C., Multicenter, Aids Cohort Study (2001). HIV-associated neurologic disease incidence changes:: Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, 1990-1998. Neurology, 56(2), 257-60.
Journal Article
CSF antiretroviral drug penetrance and the treatment of HIV-associated psychomotor slowing
Neurology
2001
14-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11502933
The authors evaluated whether highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) with multiple CSF-penetrating drugs results in greater improvement in HIV-associated psychomotor slowing than HAART with a single CSF-penetrating drug. Both groups had improvement in CD4 count, plasma viral load, as well as two tests of psychomotor speed. Comparing the two groups, there were no differences in the mean change for CD4 count, viral load, or any of the neuropsychological tests. Multiple and single CSF-penetrating HAART may be equivalent for treating HIV-associated psychomotor slowing.
10.1212/wnl.57.3.542
11502933
Adult *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Cerebrospinal Fluid/*drug effects HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*physiopathology Humans Male Psychomotor Performance/*drug effects/*physiology
N. T. Sacktor, P. M., Skolasky, R. L., McArthur, J. C., Selnes, O. A., Becker, J., Cohen, B., Miller, E. N., Multicenter for, Aids Cohort Study (2001). CSF antiretroviral drug penetrance and the treatment of HIV-associated psychomotor slowing. Neurology, 57(3), 542-4.
Journal Article
Polymorphism in HLA and other elements of the class I and II response pathways
Retroviral Immunology: Immune Response and Restoration
2001
category: genetics HLA immune immune response immunology response retroviral immunology
Book Section
Women Coping with HIV/AIDS. We take it as it is
Soc Sci Med
2001
Dec
https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=XF2015015857
10.1016/s0277-9536(00)00429-9
M. Cohen (2001). Women Coping with HIV/AIDS. We take it as it is . Soc Sci Med, 53(11), 1557-1558.
Journal Article
Experience and covariates of depressive symptoms among a cohort of HIV infected women
Soc Work Health Care
2001
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11451159
OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study are to assess (a) the level of depressive symptoms among a cohort of HIV infected women and comparable controls and (b) the relationship with covariates including socioeconomic status, substance use, social relations, disease status. METHODS: Participants were enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). Depressive symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD). Data from 1993 HIV seropositive and 551 seronegative women are presented. RESULTS: Of HIV positive women 57.7% of HIV positive women scored 16 or higher on the CESD (ns) as compared to 55.0% of HIV negative women; at a cutoff of 23, the percents were 40.4% and 35.9% respectively (p = .06). The mean score was high 19.8 but not significantly different between groups. Scores were higher among women who had less education, lower income, were of Hispanic ethnicity, used alcohol or drugs, experienced domestic abuse, had more than one partne
10.1300/J010v32n04_05
11451159
Analysis of Variance Cohort Studies Depression/classification/*epidemiology/etiology Domestic Violence/statistics & numerical data Female HIV Infections/*psychology Humans Interpersonal Relations Longitudinal Studies Prejudice Prevalence Psychiatric Status Rating Scales Social Support Socioeconomic Factors Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology
J. B. Richardson, S., Cohen, M., Back, S., FitzGerald, G., Feldman, J., Young, M., Palacio, H. (2001). Experience and covariates of depressive symptoms among a cohort of HIV infected women. Soc Work Health Care, 32(4), 93-111.
Journal Article
Distinguishing efficacy, individual effectiveness and population effectiveness of therapies
AIDS
2000
14-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10807204
10.1097/00002030-200004140-00020
10807204
Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use Cohort Studies HIV Infections/*drug therapy Humans Population Surveillance Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Treatment Outcome
A. G. Munoz, S. J., Jacobson, L. P. (2000). Distinguishing efficacy, individual effectiveness and population effectiveness of therapies. AIDS, 14(6), 754-6.
Journal Article
Calculation and use of an HIV-1 disease progression score
AIDS
2000
12/1/2000
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11125890
OBJECTIVE: The pathogenesis of human disease is often multifactorial. For fatal diseases, it is common to combine survival information in relation to different aspects of pathogenesis. Here we explored a scoring system for HIV disease markers that combines measures of immunodeficiency (CD4 cell count), plasma viral burden, and immune activation (CD38 expression on CD8 T cells) DESIGN: Observational data from 252 HIV-infected individuals from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) was used for model development. METHODS: A statistical model was used to develop a system that related marker values to the outcomes of clinical AIDS or death. RESULTS: Mathematical formulae were derived to calculate AIDS and death progression scores. These scores give the number of days at which there is a 50% probability that a person may develop AIDS or die. Graphs were constructed that can be used to determine the probability that a person will be AIDS-free or alive for times between 6 months and 4 years
10.1097/00002030-200012010-00011
11125890
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome activation AIDS analysis Biological Markers CD4 CD4 Lymphocyte Count CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes CD8 CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes Cell Count clinical cohort Cohort Studies cohort study diagnosis Disease Disease Progression Disease-Free Survival Hiv HIV Infections Hiv-1 Human immune immune activation immunodeficiency immunology information Los Angeles MACS marker markers methods model Models,Biological mortality Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Multicenter Studies pathology Predictive Value of Tests Probability Prognosis progression Reproducibility of Results study Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. Survival Rate t cell t-cells therapy Time Factors Viral Load Viremia virology
B. V. T. Roussanov, J.M.G., Giorgi, J.V. (2000). Calculation and use of an HIV-1 disease progression score. AIDS, 14(17), 2715-2722.
Journal Article
Chemokine RANTES promoter polymorphism affects risk of both HIV infection and disease progression in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
AIDS
2000
12/1/2000
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11125885
OBJECTIVE: To examine whether polymorphism in the RANTES gene is associated with HIV disease outcome. DESIGN: RANTES, a ligand of the major HIV co-receptor, CCR5, is known to block HIV-CCR5 interactions. Recently, two single nucleotide polymorphisms in the RANTES gene promoter region, designated -403G/A and -28C/G, have been described. Both polymorphisms can affect in-vitro promoter activity, and the RANTES -403A, -28G haplotype has been associated with a slower CD4 cell count decline rate in a Japanese cohort. METHODS: We compared RANTES compound genotype frequencies between HIV-positive and exposed- uninfected participants of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) and rates of progression to AIDS for MACS seroconverters. RESULTS: We found that the two most common RANTES promoter compound genotypes, G1 (- 403G/G, -28C/C) found in 67% of Caucasians, and G4 (-403G/A, -28C/C) found in 23% of Caucasians, were associated with altered risk of HIV transmission and progression, particularly
10.1097/00002030-200012010-00006
11125885
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Africa AIDS Alleles CD4 Cell Count cohort Cohort Studies cohort study diagnosis Disease Disease Progression epidemiology Ethnic Groups Gene Frequency Genetic Predisposition to Disease genetics Genotype Haplotypes Hiv HIV infection HIV Infections HIV Seropositivity HIV transmission Human In Vitro infection infectious diseases Laboratories MACS methods Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Multicenter Studies Mutation North America Polymorphism (Genetics) Prognosis progression Promoter Regions (Genetics) Racial Stocks Rantes Risk study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. Survival Rate transmission
D. H. B. McDermott, M.J., Kleeberger, C.A., Al Sharif, F.M., Ollier, W.E., Zimmerman, P.A., Boatin, B.A., Leitman, S.F., Detels, R., Hajeer, A.H., Murphy, P.M. (2000). Chemokine RANTES promoter polymorphism affects risk of both HIV infection and disease progression in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. AIDS, 14(17), 2671-2678.
Journal Article
Evidence that anoreceptive intercourse with ejaculate exposure is associated with rapid CD4 cell loss
AIDS
2000
4/14/2000
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10807194
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether ejaculate exposure through anoreceptive intercourse is associated with rapid CD4 cell loss. DESIGN: Self- reported behavioral, demographic data and blood samples were gathered longitudinally at ten semiannual visits from individuals participating in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). PATIENTS/PARTICIPANTS: A group of 937 HIV-seropositive men who were continuously followed for four to ten semiannual visits. OUTCOME MEASURES: A loss of 10% or more in CD4 cells between the first two of any three consecutive semiannual visits that was followed by a 10% or greater loss between the second and third visits. RESULTS: A period of rapid CD4 cell loss over three semiannual visits occurred in 389 of the 937 (42%) HIV-seropositive men studied. Men who reported one or more anoreceptive intercourse partners with whom they were exposed to ejaculate (RAI-E) during the 12 months immediately preceding their visits were more than twice as likely to show this rapid CD
10.1097/00002030-200004140-00010
10807194
AIDS blood CD4 CD4 Lymphocyte Count clinical cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Disease Ejaculation epidemiology Hiv HIV Infections Homosexuality,Male Human immunology infectious diseases Los Angeles MACS Male Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Multivariate Analysis progression Risk Factors Sexual Partners Sexually Transmitted Diseases study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S.
D. J. V. Wiley, B.R., Grosser, S., Hoover, D.R., Day, R., Gange, S., Chmiel, J.S., Mitsuyasu, R., Detels, R. (2000). Evidence that anoreceptive intercourse with ejaculate exposure is associated with rapid CD4 cell loss. AIDS, 14(6), 707-715.
Journal Article
Serum albumin as a predictor of survival in HIV-infected women in the Women's Interagency HIV study
AIDS
2000
5-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10839595
BACKGROUND: The level of serum albumin is associated with mortality in a wide variety of chronic diseases. However, few studies have examined the relationship between serum albumin and survival in HIV-1 infection. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the serum albumin level is associated with survival in HIV-1 infected women. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. Patients were interviewed and examined at 6 month intervals. SETTING: A North American multi-institutional cohort of HIV-infected women from five geographical areas. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 2056 HIV-infected women at various stages of disease. MEASUREMENTS: Mortality during the first 3 years of follow-up. The relative risk of death by serum albumin level was estimated using a proportional hazards ratio adjusted for CD4 cell count, HIV-1-RNA level and other relevant covariates. RESULT: Three year mortality for women in the lowest serum albumin category (< 35 g/l) was 48% compared with 11% in the highest category (> or = 42 g/l; P < 0.
10.1097/00002030-200005050-00013
10839595
Adult CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Disease Progression Female HIV Infections/blood/*mortality *hiv-1 Humans Predictive Value of Tests Proportional Hazards Models Prospective Studies RNA, Viral/blood Serum Albumin/*analysis Survival Analysis
J. G. B. Feldman, D. N., Gange, S. J., Bacchetti, P., Cohen, M., Anastos, K., Nowicki, M., Delapena, R., Miotti, P. (2000). Serum albumin as a predictor of survival in HIV-infected women in the Women's Interagency HIV study. AIDS, 14(7), 863-70.
Journal Article
Strong association between failure of T cell homeostasis and the syncytium-inducing phenotype among HIV-1-infected men in the Amsterdam Cohort Study
AIDS
2000
6/16/2000
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10894279
OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between T cell homeostasis and its failure and 1.) the occurrence of AIDS and 2.) the switch from the non- syncytium-inducing (NSI) to the syncytium-inducing (SI) HIV virus phenotype. METHODS: For each of 325 homosexual men in the Amsterdam Cohort Study, the slope of the CD3 T cell count versus time was determined. The timing (T cell inflection point (IP)) and magnitude of the change in slope were correlated with the time of the NSI/SI switch. RESULTS: Median T cell slopes before the IP (pre-IP) were nearly zero regardless of whether AIDS occurred; the slopes after the IP (post-IP) were associated with clinical outcomes, with a median annual decline of 17.6% among those who developed AIDS and increase of 4.6% in those remaining AIDS free. Among subjects considered to have a true IP (decline > 8.2%/year post-IP), the times of the SI switch and the IP slope were highly correlated (r = 0.65); among those with AIDS, the SI switch preceded the IP by a me
10.1097/00002030-200006160-00012
10894279
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome AIDS Anti-HIV Agents Antigens Antigens,CD Antigens,CD3 Antiretroviral Therapy,Highly Active blood Cell Count clinical cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Disease Progression drug therapy genetics Giant Cells Hiv HIV Infections Hiv-1 Homeostasis homosexual homosexual men Homosexuality,Male Human immunology Lymphocyte Count Male methods Netherlands Phenotype study Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. t cell T-Lymphocytes therapeutic use Time Factors virology virus
J. J. G. Maas, S.J., Schuitemaker, H., Coutinho, R.A., van Leeuwen, R., Margolick, J.B. (2000). Strong association between failure of T cell homeostasis and the syncytium-inducing phenotype among HIV-1-infected men in the Amsterdam Cohort Study. AIDS, 14(9), 1155-1161.
Journal Article
Influence of CCR5 promoter haplotypes on AIDS progression in African-Americans
AIDS
2000
29-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11061652
OBJECTIVES: To test the hypothesis that the CCR5 promoter variants in HIV-1-infected African-Americans affect the rate of progression to AIDS and to determine the extent of linkage disequilibrium between the CCR5P1 allele and the CCR5 59029A variant (referred to here as CCR5-2459A), both of which have been shown independently to accelerate AIDS progression in Caucasians. DESIGN: We used survival analysis to assess the effects of CCR5 promoter variants in HIV-1 seroincident Caucasians and African-Americans. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Genotypes were determined for 806 Caucasians and 1067 African-Americans, which included 700 seroconverters, enrolled in four HIV/AIDS natural history cohort studies. These genotypes were used to determine linkage and haplotypes for CCR2 and CCR5 alleles. Survival analysis was used to assess the effect of CCR2, CCR5, and CCR5 promoter haplotypes on progression to AIDS in seroincident African-Americans. RESULTS: A survey of Caucasians and African-Americans demonst
10.1097/00002030-200009290-00007
11061652
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*genetics/metabolism African Continental Ancestry Group/*genetics Alleles Cohort Studies Disease Progression European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics Genes, Dominant Genes, Recessive Haplotypes Humans Linkage Disequilibrium Male Promoter Regions, Genetic Receptors, CCR5/*genetics
P. M. An, M. P., Nelson, G. W., Carrington, M., Smith, M. W., Gong, K., Vlahov, D., O'Brien, S. J., Winkler, C. A. (2000). Influence of CCR5 promoter haplotypes on AIDS progression in African-Americans. AIDS, 14(14), 2117-22.
Journal Article
Effect of menstrual cycle on HIV-1 levels in the peripheral blood and genital tract. WHS 001 Study Team
AIDS
2000
29-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11061650
OBJECTIVE: To assess the variation in HIV-1 over the menstrual cycle, including RNA levels in the female genital tract, plasma HIV-1-RNA levels, CD4 cell counts, and culturable virus. DESIGN: A prospective analysis of 55 HIV-1-infected women. METHODS: Blood and genital tract specimens were collected weekly over 8 weeks, spanning two complete menstrual cycles. Applying repeated-measures models that used menses as the reference level, the variation in viral RNA levels was compared in endocervical canal fluid and cells (collected by Sno-strips and cytobrush, respectively) and ectocervicovaginal lavage (CVL) fluid. Repeated-measures models were also used to assess the variation in plasma CD4 cell counts and viral load. RESULTS: Shedding patterns differed among the three sampling methods, independent of genital tract co-infections. Genital tract HIV-1-RNA levels from CVL fluid and endocervical canal cytobrush specimens were highest during menses and lowest immediately thereafter (P = 0.001
10.1097/00002030-200009290-00005
11061650
Adult CD4 Lymphocyte Count Female Genitalia, Female/*virology HIV Infections/immunology/*virology HIV-1/immunology/*isolation & purification Humans Luteal Phase *Menstrual Cycle Prospective Studies RNA, Viral/analysis Therapeutic Irrigation Viral Load *Viremia
P. S. C. Reichelderfer, R. W., Wright, D. J., Cohn, J., Burns, D. N., Cu-Uvin, S., Baron, P. A., Coheng, M. H., Landay, A. L., Beckner, S. K., Lewis, S. R., Kovacs, A. A. (2000). Effect of menstrual cycle on HIV-1 levels in the peripheral blood and genital tract. WHS 001 Study Team. AIDS, 14(14), 2101-7.
Journal Article
Combination antiretroviral therapy: health care providers confront emerging dilemmas
AIDS Care
2000
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11091774
Recent editorials, conferences and clinical practice articles have discussed providers' concerns and practices regarding prescribing antiretroviral combination therapy for HIV. We aimed to deepen our understanding of these largely anecdotal reports and of the challenges facing experienced HIV clinicians today using qualitative methodology. Eight focus groups using a structured discussion guide were conducted. Data were analyzed by constant comparative analysis and open codes. Participants were a diverse group of 23 physicians, eight nurse practitioners and four physician assistants with significant experience providing care to HIV-seropositive patients in various San Francisco Bay Area health care settings. The following major themes emerged from the data: (1) providers expressed new optimism about helping HIV-seropositive patients live; (2) the main factors affecting providers' decisions about when to start combination therapy were the risks versus benefits of delaying therapy, and pa
10.1080/09540120050123819
11091774
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy Adult Antiviral Agents/*therapeutic use *Attitude of Health Personnel Drug Therapy, Combination Female Focus Groups HIV Infections/*drug therapy HIV Seropositivity/drug therapy Health Personnel Humans Male Middle Aged
B. B. Gerbert, A., Clanon, K., Abercrombie, P., Bangsberg, D. (2000). Combination antiretroviral therapy: health care providers confront emerging dilemmas. AIDS Care, 12(4), 409-21.
Journal Article
Relationship of CD4+ T cell counts and HIV type 1 viral loads in untreated, infected adolescents. Adolescent Medicine HIV/AIDS Research Network
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2000
1-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10890357
The REACH Project (Reaching for Excellence in Adolescent Care and Health) of the Adolescent Medicine HIV/AIDS Research Network was designed as a study of an adolescent cohort composed of HIV-1-infected and -uninfected subjects. The goal of the analysis presented was to examine the relationship of CD4+ T cell counts and HIV-1 plasma viral loads in adolescents. The CD4+ T cell counts of 84 HIV+ subjects who were 13 to 19 years of age were measured at the clinical sites, using ACTG standardized techniques. HIV-1 viral loads in frozen plasma were determined by the NASBA/NucliSens assay at a central laboratory. Past and current treatment with antiretroviral drugs was determined by medical record abstraction and interview data. The slope of the line generated by regressing log10 HIV-1 RNA (copies/ml) versus CD4+ T cell counts of REACH subjects who are antiretroviral drug naive was negative and significantly different than zero. A negative association has also been reported for antiretroviral
10.1089/08892220050058371
10890357
Adolescent *CD4 Lymphocyte Count Female HIV Infections/immunology/*virology HIV-1/*physiology Humans Male RNA, Viral/*blood *Viral Load
C. A. E. Holland, J. H., Wilson, C. M., Douglas, S. D., Futterman, D. C., Kingsley, L. A., Moscicki, A. B. (2000). Relationship of CD4+ T cell counts and HIV type 1 viral loads in untreated, infected adolescents. Adolescent Medicine HIV/AIDS Research Network. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 16(10), 959-63.
Journal Article
AIDS onset at high CD4+ cell levels is associated with high HIV load
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2000
20-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10659049
To identify factors associated with development of AIDS at high CD4+ cell levels a nested case-control study using data from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) was conducted. HIV-1-infected men who developed AIDS with > or =300/mm3 CD4+ cells (AIDS men) were compared to men who had > or =300/mm3 of CD4+ cells, but remained AIDS free for at least 2 years. The AIDS men had higher plasma HIV-1 RNA levels (mean 10(5.02) vs. 10(4.42), p<0.01) and neopterin levels (mean 18.3 vs. 11.5 units/ml, p<0.05) before the AIDS diagnosis than did the AIDS-free men. A significantly higher proportion of the AIDS men reported genital herpes within the year prior to their initial AIDS diagnosis than did the AIDS-free men (21.9 vs. 4.4%, p<0.05). The higher viral load at relatively high CD4+ cell levels in men who subsequently developed AIDS within 6 months supports the hypothesis that elevated levels of HIV precede CD4+ decline and are the major factor in determining risk of AIDS even at high levels
10.1089/088922200309449
10659049
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*pathology/virology CD4 Lymphocyte Count CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*pathology Case-Control Studies HIV-1/*pathogenicity Herpes Genitalis/complications Humans Male Multivariate Analysis Neopterin/blood RNA, Viral/analysis Statistics, Nonparametric *Viral Load
K. A. G. Hennessey, J. V., Kaplan, A. H., Visscher, B. R., Gange, S., Margolick, J. B., Riddler, S., Phair, J., Detels, R. (2000). AIDS onset at high CD4+ cell levels is associated with high HIV load. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 16(2), 103-7.
Journal Article
Factors associated with incident self-reported AIDS among women enrolled in the women's interagency HIV study (WIHS). WIHS Collaboratorive Study Group
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2000
10-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10954885
We evaluated factors associated with incident self-reported AIDS diagnoses among HIV-infected women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). Baseline information included age, race/ethnicity, HIV risk category, site of enrollment, years of education, cigarette smoking, CD4 cell count, and HIV viral load. Baseline and follow-up data on self-reported AIDS were analyzed using chi-square, Kaplan-Meier, and Cox proportional hazard models. Among the 1397 HIV-infected women who reported being free of clinical AIDS at baseline, 335 women (24%) reported an incident AIDS diagnosis during follow-up. In stratified Kaplan-Meier analyses, the development of self-reported AIDS was significantly associated with baseline CD4 cell count and viral load (p<0.01). In multivariate Cox proportional hazard analyses, women were statistically more likely to report AIDS if they had CD4 cell counts below 195 cells/mm3 (p<0.01), HIV RNA >4000 copies/ml (p<0.01), were current smokers (p<0.01), and had "no ident
10.1089/088922200414947
10954885
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications/*epidemiology/transmission Adolescent Adult Age Factors Continental Population Groups Educational Status Ethnic Groups Female HIV Infections/complications/*epidemiology/transmission Humans Incidence Middle Aged RNA, Viral/blood Risk Factors Smoking United States/epidemiology Viral Load *Women's Health
N. A. A. Hessol, K., Levine, A. M., Ameli, N., Cohen, M., Young, M., Augenbraun, M., Miotti, P., Gange, S. J. (2000). Factors associated with incident self-reported AIDS among women enrolled in the women's interagency HIV study (WIHS). WIHS Collaboratorive Study Group. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 16(12), 1105-11.
Journal Article
Dependence of CD8+ T-cell-mediated suppression of HIV type 1 on viral phenotypes and mediation of phenotype-dependent suppression by viral envelope gene and not by b-chemokines
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
2000
1/20/2000
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10659051
CD8+ T-cell-mediated HIV-1 suppressive activity has been shown against a number of strains of HIV-1 and HIV-2. In this study using a semiquantitative assay, we showed that CD8+ T cells from seropositive subjects and herpes virus saimiri transformed CD8+ T-cell clones from HIV-1-infected subjects exhibited 5 to 100-fold higher suppressive activity against slow replicating nonsyncytia-inducing strains (Slow/NSI) as compared to fast replicating syncytia-inducing strains (Fast/SI) of HIV-1. Such differential suppressive activity was not due to beta-chemokines as evidenced by the lack of blocking activity of antibodies to RANTES, MIP-1beta, and MIP-1alpha on the antiviral activities of CD8+ T cells. Moreover, there was no correlation between the level of CD8+ T-cell suppression and the level of these beta- chemokines in culture supernatant. Results from the CD8+ T-cell- mediated suppressive activity against two molecular cloned virus ME1 (Slow/NSI), ME46 (Fast/SI), and their interstrain rec
10.1089/088922200309467
10659051
Antibodies antibody CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes CD8+ Chemokines,CC Cohort Studies Cytotoxicity,Immunologic Disease genetics Giant Cells growth & development Hiv Hiv-1 Human immunology isolation & purification metabolism microbiology Multicenter Studies Pennsylvania Phenotype Rantes study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. t-cells T-Lymphocytes,Cytotoxic United States Viral Envelope Proteins virology virus Virus Replication
Y. D. Chen, D., Chen, M., Kulka, K., Volsky, D.J., Saha, K., Gupta, P. (2000). Dependence of CD8+ T-cell-mediated suppression of HIV type 1 on viral phenotypes and mediation of phenotype-dependent suppression by viral envelope gene and not by b-chemokines. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 16(2), 117-124.
Journal Article
Selection by indication of potent antiretroviral therapy use in a large cohort of women infected with human immunodeficiency virus
Am J Epidemiol
2000
15-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11092434
To characterize selection factors related to therapy initiation, the authors investigated the extent to which key markers of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease severity were associated with initiation of potent antiretroviral therapy (ART). Logistic regression was used to determine the effects of CD4+ cell count and HIV RNA level on potent ART initiation during 6-month periods among 2,059 HIV-infected US women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Low CD4+ counts and high HIV RNA levels were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with initiation of potent ART. During all periods between April 1996 and March 1998, CD4+ counts were more strongly associated with potent ART initiation than HIV RNA levels were; however, during the last period, both were associated (odds ratio per 100 CD4+-count decrease = 1.17, p < 0.01; odds ratio per 1 log10 increase in HIV RNA level = 1.48, p < 0.05). For a CD4+ count of 500 cells/ml and an HIV RNA level of 5,000 copies/ml, the probability
10.1093/aje/152.10.923
11092434
Adult Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*statistics & numerical data CD4 Lymphocyte Count/statistics & numerical data Cohort Studies Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic Cross-Sectional Studies Female HIV Infections/*drug therapy/epidemiology/immunology HIV Seronegativity/immunology HIV Seropositivity/epidemiology/immunology *hiv-1 Humans Logistic Models *Patient Selection Time Factors United States/epidemiology Urban Population/statistics & numerical data
L. G. Ahdieh, S. J., Greenblatt, R., Minkoff, H., Anastos, K., Young, M., Nowicki, M., Kovacs, A., Cohen, M., Munoz, A. (2000). Selection by indication of potent antiretroviral therapy use in a large cohort of women infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Am J Epidemiol, 152(10), 923-33.
Journal Article
Cervical neoplasia and repeated positivity of human papillomavirus infection in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive and -seronegative women
Am J Epidemiol
2000
15-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10905527
Increased risk for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women may be explained by repeated positivity of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection facilitated by HIV infection and related immunosuppression. As part of a longitudinal study with semiannual examinations, 268 women in Baltimore, Maryland (of whom 184 were HIV+), provided 1,426 cervicovaginal lavage specimens tested for HPV DNA by a polymerase chain reaction-based assay between 1992 and 1998. HPV positivity and time to HPV clearance according to HIV serostatus and CD4+ cell count were compared using models for correlated binary data and survival analysis. Of the 187 participants who had at least one positive measurement, the probability of subsequent HPV positivity among HIV- women and HIV+ women with CD4+ > or =200 and <200 cells/microl was 47.5%, 78.7%, and 92.9% (p < 0.001). Within-women HPV results were correlated (i.e., clustered) in each group (p < 0.01). Compared with HIV
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a010165
10905527
Adult Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia/etiology/*virology Female HIV Infections/*complications HIV Seronegativity HIV Seropositivity Humans Immunosuppression Incidence Longitudinal Studies *Papillomaviridae Papillomavirus Infections/*complications Risk Assessment Survival Analysis Tumor Virus Infections/*complications Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/etiology/*virology
L. M. Ahdieh, A., Vlahov, D., Trimble, C. L., Timpson, L. A., Shah, K. (2000). Cervical neoplasia and repeated positivity of human papillomavirus infection in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive and -seronegative women. Am J Epidemiol, 151(12), 1148-57.
Journal Article
Domestic violence and childhood sexual abuse in HIV-infected women and women at risk for HIV
Am J Public Health
2000
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10754970
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and effect of domestic violence and childhood sexual abuse in women with HIV or at risk for HIV infection. METHODS: Participants with HIV or at risk for HIV infection enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Childhood sexual abuse; all physical, sexual, and coercive violence by a partner; HIV serostatus; demographic data; and substance use and sexual habits were assessed. RESULTS: The lifetime prevalence of domestic violence was 66% and 67%, respectively, in 1288 women with HIV and 357 uninfected women. One quarter of the women reported recent abuse, and 31% of the HIV-seropositive women and 27% of the HIV-seronegative women reported childhood sexual abuse. Childhood sexual abuse was strongly associated with a lifetime history of domestic violence and high-risk behaviors, including using drugs, having more than 10 male sexual partners and having male partners at risk for HIV infection, and exchanging sex for dr
10.2105/ajph.90.4.560
10754970
PMC1446192
Adolescent Adult Child Child Abuse, Sexual/*statistics & numerical data Cohort Studies Domestic Violence/*statistics & numerical data Female HIV Infections/*epidemiology *hiv-1 Humans Logistic Models Male Multivariate Analysis Prevalence Prognosis Risk Factors Risk-Taking United States/epidemiology
M. D. Cohen, C., Barkan, S., Richardson, J., Young, M., Holman, S., Anastos, K., Cohen, J., Melnick, S. (2000). Domestic violence and childhood sexual abuse in HIV-infected women and women at risk for HIV. Am J Public Health, 90(4), 560-5. PMC1446192
Journal Article
Psychological resources, positive illusions, and health
Am Psychol
2000
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11392870
Psychological beliefs such as optimism, personal control, and a sense of meaning are known to be protective of mental health. Are they protective of physical health as well? The authors present a program of research that has tested the implications of cognitive adaptation theory and research on positive illusions for the relation of positive beliefs to disease progression among men infected with HIV. The investigations have revealed that even unrealistically optimistic beliefs about the future may be health protective. The ability to find meaning in the experience is also associated with a less rapid course of illness. Taken together, the research suggests that psychological beliefs such as meaning, control, and optimism act as resources, which may not only preserve mental health in the context of traumatic or life-threatening events but be protective of physical health as well.
10.1037//0003-066x.55.1.99
11392870
*Adaptation, Psychological *Fantasy Humans *Internal-External Control *Mental Health *Personality
S. E. K. Taylor, M. E., Reed, G. M., Bower, J. E., Gruenewald, T. L. (2000). Psychological resources, positive illusions, and health. Am Psychol, 55(1), 99-109.
Journal Article
Polygenic and multifactorial disease gene association in man: Lessons from AIDS
Annu Rev Genet
2000
2000
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11092839
In an age when the majority of monogenic human disease genes have been identified, a particular challenge for the coming generation of human geneticists will be resolving complex polygenic and multifactorial diseases. The tools of molecular and population genetic association have much potential as well as peril in uncovering small cryptic genetic effects in disease. We have used a candidate gene approach to identify eight distinct human loci with alleles that in different ways influence the outcome of exposure to HIV-1, the AIDS virus. The successes in these gene hunts have validated the approach and illustrate the strengths and limitations of association analysis in an actual case history. The integration of genetic associations, well-described clinical cohorts, extensive basic research on AIDS pathogenesis, and functional interpretation of gene connections to disease offers a formula for detecting such genes in complex human genetic phenotypes.
10.1146/annurev.genet.34.1.563
11092839
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology/*genetics Alleles Genes, Dominant Genes, Recessive Humans Molecular Epidemiology Phenotype Survival Analysis
S. J. N. O'Brien, G. W., Winkler, C. A., Smith, M. W. (2000). Polygenic and multifactorial disease gene association in man: Lessons from AIDS. Annu Rev Genet, 34(), 563-591.
Journal Article
Marked declines in human immunodeficiency virus-related mortality in Chicago in women, African Americans, Hispanics, young adults, and injection drug users, from 1995 through 1997
Arch Intern Med
2000
14-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10668839
BACKGROUND: Declines in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related mortality between 1995 and 1996 were seen across the United States but were small to nonexistent among people in marginalized sectors who are most likely to contract HIV and die of its effects. No comprehensive analysis describing HIV-related mortality in 1997 was available. OBJECTIVE: To describe Chicago's HIV-related mortality trends up to and including 1997, with specific attention focused on marginalized populations. METHODS: An analysis of cross-sectional HIV-related mortality data with emphasis on the years 1995 through 1997 was conducted for Chicago, Ill. Numbers, proportions, and rates of declines in HIV-related deaths were examined for the city as a whole and also among those diagnosed at Cook County Hospital, as a proxy for people with very low socioeconomic status. RESULTS: Between 1995 and 1996 there was an overall decline of 19% in HIV-related mortality in Chicago but small or no declines among women, Afric
10.1001/archinte.160.3.365
10668839
Adult *African Continental Ancestry Group Chicago/epidemiology Cross-Sectional Studies Female HIV Infections/ethnology/*mortality *Hispanic Americans Humans Male Middle Aged Retrospective Studies Social Class Substance Abuse, Intravenous/ethnology/*mortality Survival Rate Urban Population *Women's Health
S. M. Whitman, J., Cohen, M., Sherer, R. (2000). Marked declines in human immunodeficiency virus-related mortality in Chicago in women, African Americans, Hispanics, young adults, and injection drug users, from 1995 through 1997. Arch Intern Med, 160(3), 365-9.
Journal Article
Multiple imputation and posterior simulation for multivariate missing data in longitudinal studies
Biometrics
2000
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11213759
This paper outlines a multiple imputation method for handling missing data in designed longitudinal studies. A random coefficients model is developed to accommodate incomplete multivariate continuous longitudinal data. Multivariate repeated measures are jointly modeled; specifically, an i.i.d. normal model is assumed for time-independent variables and a hierarchical random coefficients model is assumed for time-dependent variables in a regression model conditional on the time-independent variables and time, with heterogeneous error variances across variables and time points. Gibbs sampling is used to draw model parameters and for imputations of missing observations. An application to data from a study of startle reactions illustrates the model. A simulation study compares the multiple imputation procedure to the weighting approach of Robins, Rotnitzky, and Zhao (1995, Journal of the American Statistical Association 90, 106-121) that can be used to address similar data structures.
10.1111/j.0006-341x.2000.01157.x
11213759
Acoustic Stimulation Biometry/*methods Blinking Child Electromyography Humans *Longitudinal Studies Male *Models, Statistical *Multivariate Analysis Reflex, Startle Regression Analysis Reproducibility of Results
M. T. Liu, J. M., Belin, T. R. (2000). Multiple imputation and posterior simulation for multivariate missing data in longitudinal studies. Biometrics, 56(4), 1157-63.
Journal Article
Effects of covariate measurement error in the initial level and rate of change of an exposure variable
Biometrics
2000
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10877328
When repeated measures of an exposure variable are obtained on individuals, it can be of epidemiologic interest to relate the slope of this variable over time to a subsequent response. Subject-specific estimates of this slope are measured with error, as are corresponding estimates of the level of exposure, i.e., the intercept of a linear regression over time. Because the intercept is often correlated with the slope and may also be associated with the outcome, each error-prone covariate (intercept and slope) is a potential confounder, thereby tending to accentuate potential biases due to measurement error. Under a familiar mixed linear model for the exposure measurements, we present closed-form estimators for the true parameters of interest in the case of a continuous outcome with complete and equally timed follow-up for all subjects. Generalizations to handle incomplete follow-up, other types of outcome variables, and additional fixed covariates are illustrated via maximum likelihood.
10.1111/j.0006-341x.2000.00634.x
10877328
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology/mortality Bias CD4 Lymphocyte Count *Epidemiologic Methods Epidemiology/statistics & numerical data Humans Likelihood Functions Reproducibility of Results Survival Rate
R. H. M. Lyles, G. (2000). Effects of covariate measurement error in the initial level and rate of change of an exposure variable. Biometrics, 56(2), 634-9.
Journal Article
Detection and molecular mass determination of an HIV replication-enhancing female genital tract factor using a blot bioassay
Biotechniques
2000
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10723560
We previously reported that cervicovaginal lavages (CVL) contain a factor that enhances the replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by increasing virus transcription in T cells and monocytoid cells. This factor was named the HIV-inducing factor (HIF). To determine the molecular mass of HIF, we adapted a blot technique that involves nonreducing SDS-PAGE of CVL samples and electrophoretic transfer onto nitrocellulose paper followed by incubation of paper slices with HIV-infected monocytoid U1 cells. The slices with HIF bioactivity were detected by increased HIV production and measured by an HIV core protein (p24) ELISA. We refer to this technique as the "BioBlot" assay. The BioBlot assay successfully detected bioactivity of HIF anchored onto nitrocellulose and determined that HIF has a molecular mass of about 14 kDa. Paper slices with HIF-negative CVL samples as well as nitrocellulose paper samples without CVL did not enhance HIV production. This finding suggested that SDS-PAGE
10.2144/00283st05
10723560
Biological Assay Cervix Uteri/*chemistry Female HIV/*drug effects/physiology Humans Molecular Weight Therapeutic Irrigation Vagina/*chemistry Virus Activation/*drug effects Virus Replication/*drug effects
F. B. S. Hashemi, G. T., Madsen, L., Mollenhauer, J. (2000). Detection and molecular mass determination of an HIV replication-enhancing female genital tract factor using a blot bioassay. Biotechniques, 28(3), 478, 480, 482, 484 passim.
Journal Article
Cytokine gene expression occurs more rapidly in stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons
Clin Diagn Lab Immunol
2000
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10973452
Evaluation of cytokine gene expression following in vitro stimulation is one means of examining the dysregulation of the immune system in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We have assessed differences in the immune status of non-HIV-infected (HIV-) and HIV-infected (HIV+) individuals by evaluating the kinetics of the expression of cytokine genes. We compared detailed time courses of cytokine mRNA expression in HIV- and HIV+ peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and found that there is a significant shift (P<0.01) for all cytokines examined (interleukin 2 [IL-2], IL-6, IL-10, gamma interferon, and tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-alpha]) to an earlier time of mean peak mRNA expression by HIV+ PBMC (between 4 and 8 h) compared to HIV- PBMC (8 h) in response to either phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or anti-CD3 stimulation. Additional studies showed that although PHA-stimulated HIV+ PBMC showed decreased median IL-2, IL-4, and TNF-alpha mRNA levels, they typically demonstrated mo
10.1128/cdli.7.5.769-773.2000
10973452
PMC95953
Cells, Cultured Cytokines/*genetics Freezing Gene Expression Profiling HIV Infections/blood/*immunology Humans Interferon-gamma/genetics Interleukin-10/genetics Interleukin-2/genetics Interleukin-4/genetics Interleukin-6/genetics Leukocytes, Mononuclear/cytology/*immunology RNA, Messenger/analysis Receptors, Interleukin-2/genetics Time Factors Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
E. C. M. Breen, M., Fan, J., Boscardin, J., Fahey, J. L. (2000). Cytokine gene expression occurs more rapidly in stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol, 7(5), 769-73. PMC95953
Journal Article
Need for an external proficiency testing program for cytokines, chemokines, and plasma markers of immune activation
Clin Diagn Lab Immunol
2000
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10882648
An external evaluation program for measuring the performance of laboratories testing for cytokines and immune activation markers in biological fluids was developed. Cytokines, chemokines, soluble cytokine receptors, and other soluble markers of immune activation (CSM) were measured in plasma from a healthy human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seronegative reference population and from HIV-seropositive individuals as well as in supernatant fluids from in vitro-stimulated human immune cells. The 14 components measured were tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha, gamma interferon, interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, Rantes, MIP-Ia, MIP-Ibeta, soluble TNF receptor II, soluble IL-2 receptor alpha, beta(2)-microglobulin, and neopterin. Twelve laboratories associated with the Adult and Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trial Groups participated in the study. The performance features that were evaluated included intralaboratory variability, interlaboratory variability, comparison of reagent sources,
10.1128/cdli.7.4.540-548.2000
10882648
PMC95910
Adult *Biomarkers Clinical Laboratory Techniques/*standards Cytokines/*blood HIV Infections/*immunology Humans *Immune System *Program Development
J. L. A. Fahey, N., Spritzler, J., Plaeger, S., Nishanian, P., Lathey, J. L., Seigel, J., Landay, A. L., Kilarui, R., Schmitz, J. L., White, C., Wara, D. W., Akridge, R., Cutili, J., Douglas, S. D., Reuben, J., Shearer, W. T., Nokta, M., Polland, R., Schooley, R., Asthana, D., Mizrachi, Y., Waxdal, M. (2000). Need for an external proficiency testing program for cytokines, chemokines, and plasma markers of immune activation. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol, 7(4), 540-8. PMC95910
Journal Article
CD8+ T-cell g-interferon production specific for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in HIV-1-infected subjects
Clin Diagn Lab Immunol
2000
Mar-00
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10702505
The CD8(+)-T-cell response to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV- 1) is considered to be important in host control of infection and prevention of AIDS. We have developed a single-cell enzyme immunoassay (enzyme-linked immunospot assay) specific for gamma interferon (IFN- gamma) production stimulated by either autologous B-lymphoblastoid cell lines (B-LCL) infected with vaccinia virus vectors expressing HIV-1 proteins or synthetic peptides representing known HIV-1 CD8(+) cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes. Single-cell IFN-gamma production stimulated by HIV-1 Gag-, Pol-, and Env-expressing B-LCL was a reliable measure of HIV-1-specific T-cell immunity in peripheral blood CD8(+) T cells from HIV-1 infected individuals. This method was more sensitive than stimulation of IFN-gamma by direct infection of the cultures with HIV-1-vaccinia virus vectors. Comparable results were found for IFN- gamma production in CD8(+) T cells from HIV-1-negative, cytomegalovirus (CMV)-seropositive, he
10.1128/cdli.7.2.279-287.2000
10702505
PMC95861
AIDS Antigens biosynthesis blood CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes Cell Line Cells,Cultured CMV control Cryopreservation Cytomegalovirus Epitopes Gene Products,env Gene Products,gag Gene Products,pol Genetic Vectors genetics Histocompatibility Antigens Histocompatibility Antigens Class I Histocompatibility Antigens Class II Hiv HIV Antigens HIV Infections Hiv-1 HIV-1 infection Human human immunodeficiency virus Immunoassay immunodeficiency immunology Immunophenotyping infection Interferon Type II Leukocytes,Mononuclear Male Pennsylvania Peptides Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. t cell t-cells T-Lymphocytes,Cytotoxic therapy United States Vaccinia virus virology virus
X. L. F. Huang, Z., Kalinyak, C., Mellors, J.W., Rinaldo, C.R., Jr. (2000). CD8+ T-cell g-interferon production specific for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in HIV-1-infected subjects. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol, 7(2), 279-287. PMC95861
Journal Article
Evaluation of thymopoiesis using T cell receptor excision circles (TRECs): differential correlation between adult and pediatric TRECs and naive phenotypes
Clin Immunol
2000
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11027449
To determine whether the thymus is still functional despite age-related involution, we measured a biomarker for thymopoiesis known as the T cell receptor excision circle (TREC) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 148 healthy children and from PBMCs, CD4(+), and CD8(+) cells of 32, 30, and 50 healthy adults, respectively. We demonstrate that during the first 5 years of life, thymic output is decreased (P 0.002) but not dramatically (r = -0. 282). Among adults aged 23-58, thymic output was inversely correlated with age, as measured from PBMCs (r = -0.628, P < 0.0005), CD4(+) (r = -0.530, P 0.003), and CD8(+) fractions (r = -0.385, P 0. 006). A strong correlation existed between pediatric PBMC TRECs and the expression of three naive phenotypic markers (CD45RA(+)CD45RO(-), CD45RA(+)CD62L(+), and CD45RO(-)CD27(+)CD95(low)). Adult PBMC TRECs correlated only with the expression of CD45RA(+)CD45RO(-) (r = 0.459, P 0.012). Our data suggest that in adults CD45RA(+)CD45RO(-) may be
10.1006/clim.2000.4938
11027449
Adolescent Adult CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/chemistry CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/chemistry Cell Division Child Child, Preschool Cohort Studies Gene Rearrangement, T-Lymphocyte Humans Infant Infant, Newborn Leukocytes, Mononuclear/chemistry Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/blood/genetics Thymus Gland/*cytology
C. M. A.-H. Steffens, L., Shott, S., Yogev, R., Landay, A. (2000). Evaluation of thymopoiesis using T cell receptor excision circles (TRECs): differential correlation between adult and pediatric TRECs and naive phenotypes. Clin Immunol, 97(2), 95-101.
Journal Article
Human herpesvirus 8 and Kaposi's sarcoma in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus
Clin Infect Dis
2000
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10770915
Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) was detected in 1994 in biopsies of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) tissues from a patient with AIDS. The evidence that HHV-8 infection is etiologically related to the development of KS is compelling. Essentially all patients with KS of any epidemiological type have serological evidence of HHV-8 infection. About 30%-40% of homosexual men infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are seropositive for HHV-8; rates are lower (<10%) among HIV-infected women, hemophiliacs, and injection drug users. Among homosexual men, the probability of HHV-8-seropositivity is directly proportional to the numbers of previous male sex partners, which suggets that HHV-8 is a sexually transmitted infection. Although HHV-8 is detectable in saliva and semen, the exact mechanism of transmission is not known. A reduction in KS incidence among patients with AIDS in the 1980s has been attributed to lower rates of HHV-8 transmission that resulted from alterations in sexual behaviors. A furt
10.1086/313841
10770915
Female HIV Infections/*complications Herpesvirus 8, Human/*isolation & purification Humans Incidence Male Sarcoma, Kaposi/epidemiology/*prevention & control
J. W. Gnann, Jr., Pellett, P. E., Jaffe, H. W. (2000). Human herpesvirus 8 and Kaposi's sarcoma in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Clin Infect Dis, 30 Suppl 1(), S72-6.
Journal Article
Detection of cell cycle subcompartments by flow cytometric estimation of DNA-RNA content in combination with dual-color immunofluorescence
Cytometry
2000
1-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10679728
BACKGROUND: Correlated flow cytometric measurements of phenotype and DNA-RNA content offer detailed information on cell cycle status of subpopulations in heterogeneous cell preparations in response to stimulation. We have developed a method for flow cytometric analysis of DNA-RNA content that has been optimized for simultaneous measurement of dual-color immunofluorescence. METHODS: Nucleic acid staining was performed at low pH in the presence of saponin. DNA was stained with 7-aminoactinomycin D (7-AAD) and RNA with pyronin Y(G) (PY); both dyes were used at low concentrations, and 7-AAD was exchanged with nonfluorescent actinomycin D after DNA staining to minimize fluorochrome-fluorochrome interactions. For cell surface antigen staining, allophycocyanin was combined with pH-independent Alexa488 instead of fluorescein-isothiocyanate (FITC) because FITC is pH sensitive. RESULTS: This method identified cell cycle subcompartments in CEM cells comparable to published results on cell lines u
10.1002/(sici)1097-0320(20000201)39:2<108::aid-cyto3>3.0.co;2-4
10679728
Antigens, CD/immunology *Cell Cycle DNA/*analysis Dactinomycin/analogs & derivatives Flow Cytometry/*methods Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate *Fluorescent Antibody Technique Fluorescent Dyes Humans Leukocytes Phycocyanin RNA/*analysis T-Lymphocytes/chemistry
I. C. Schmid, S. W., Korin, Y. D., Zack, J. A., Giorgi, J. V. (2000). Detection of cell cycle subcompartments by flow cytometric estimation of DNA-RNA content in combination with dual-color immunofluorescence. Cytometry, 39(2), 108-16.
Journal Article
Marginal structural models to estimate the causal effect of zidovudine on the survival of HIV-positive men
Epidemiology
2000
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10955409
Standard methods for survival analysis, such as the time-dependent Cox model, may produce biased effect estimates when there exist time-dependent confounders that are themselves affected by previous treatment or exposure. Marginal structural models are a new class of causal models the parameters of which are estimated through inverse-probability-of-treatment weighting; these models allow for appropriate adjustment for confounding. We describe the marginal structural Cox proportional hazards model and use it to estimate the causal effect of zidovudine on the survival of human immunodeficiency virus-positive men participating in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. In this study, CD4 lymphocyte count is both a time-dependent confounder of the causal effect of zidovudine on survival and is affected by past zidovudine treatment. The crude mortality rate ratio (95% confidence interval) for zidovudine was 3.6 (3.0-4.3), which reflects the presence of confounding. After controlling for baseline
10.1097/00001648-200009000-00012
10955409
Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use CD4 Lymphocyte Count Causality Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic Epidemiologic Methods HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*mortality Humans Male *Models, Statistical Proportional Hazards Models Survival Analysis Time Factors Treatment Outcome United States/epidemiology Zidovudine/*therapeutic use
M. A. B. Hernan, B., Robins, J. M. (2000). Marginal structural models to estimate the causal effect of zidovudine on the survival of HIV-positive men. Epidemiology, 11(5), 561-70.
Journal Article
Cytotoxicity by matrix metalloprotease-1 in organotypic spinal cord and dissociated neuronal cultures
Exp Neurol
2000
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10833306
Extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, including collagens and laminins, are critical to the structure of the neuronal synapse and may also be involved in cell survival. In the present study, we therefore examined the possibility that select ECM degrading proteins might be toxic to organotypic spinal cord and dissociated neuronal cultures. Of those proteins tested, including MMP-1, -7, and -9, we observed that MMP-1 was toxic to spinal cord cultures as determined by release of lactic acid dehydrogenase as well as uptake of propidium iodide. Pretreatment of cell cultures with 50 microM alpha-tocopherol partially reversed these effects. We also observed that MMP-1 was toxic to human neurons grown in dissociated cultures and that increased amounts of MMP-1 were released by astrocytes following their stimulation with IL-1beta. These results suggest that further studies may be warranted to determine whether MMP-1 contributes to neurodegenerative conditions in which activated astrocytes may pl
10.1006/exnr.2000.7388
10833306
Animals Animals, Newborn Astrocytes/drug effects/*metabolism Cells, Cultured Humans Interleukin-1/pharmacology L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/metabolism Matrix Metalloproteinase 1/metabolism/*toxicity Matrix Metalloproteinase 7/*toxicity Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/*toxicity Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors Neurons/*drug effects/metabolism Rats Recombinant Proteins/toxicity Spinal Cord/*drug effects/metabolism Vitamin E/pharmacology
C. M. S. Vos, L., Nath, A., McArthur, J. C., Pardo, C. A., Rothstein, J., Conant, K. (2000). Cytotoxicity by matrix metalloprotease-1 in organotypic spinal cord and dissociated neuronal cultures. Exp Neurol, 163(2), 324-30.
Journal Article
The human genes that limit AIDS
Genes and Resistance to Disease
2000
AIDS Disease Human resistance
Book Section
Polymorphisms of the human IFNG gene noncoding regions
Immunogenetics
2000
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10663562
Interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) is a multifunctional cytokine that is essential in the development of Th1 cells and in cellular responses to a variety of intracellular pathogens including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). We screened genomic DNA samples from a predominately Caucasian male population of HIV-infected and healthy donors for polymorphisms in the human IFNG gene from -777 to +5608 by single-stranded conformational polymorphism. Surprisingly, the proximal promoter (-777 to transcription start) is invariant as no polymorphisms were found in over 100 samples tested. However, further screening revealed polymorphisms in other regions of the gene including a single base insertion in a poly-T tract in the first intron, three single base pair substitutions in the third intron, and another single base pair substitution in the 3' untranslated region (UTR). Electrophoretic mobility shift assay was used to investigate whether these variants have altered DNA-binding abilities, since in
10.1007/s002510050008
10663562
3' Untranslated Regions/*genetics Cells, Cultured DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism Disease Progression European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics Female Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics Genetic Testing Genetic Variation/genetics HIV Infections/*genetics/immunology/mortality *hiv-1 Humans Interferon-gamma/*genetics Introns/*genetics Male Microsatellite Repeats/genetics Oligonucleotide Probes Poly T/genetics Polymorphism, Genetic/*genetics Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics Proportional Hazards Models RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism T-Lymphocytes
J. H. C. Bream, M., O'Toole, S., Dean, M., Gerrard, B., Shin, H. D., Kosack, D., Modi, W., Young, H. A., Smith, M. W. (2000). Polymorphisms of the human IFNG gene noncoding regions. Immunogenetics, 51(1), 50-8.
Journal Article
The effect of genetic variation in chemokines and their receptors on HIV transmission and progression to AIDS
Immunol Rev
2000
Oct-00
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11138790
The pivotal discovery that two chemokine receptors, CCR5 and CXCR4, serve along with the T-cell receptor-interacting CD4 molecule as the principal co-receptors for HIV-1 entry stimulated a search for common genetic polymorphism in their genes which might affect the course of AIDS. Four mutational variants, CCR5-delta32, CCR5-P1, CCR2-641 and SDF1-3'A were discovered to play a regulatory role in HIV-1 infection, in the rate of progression to AIDS or both. Plausible physiological mechanisms to explain the population genetic association by these alleles have been advanced and are discussed critically here. Genetic ablation of AIDS progression by chemokine receptor and ligand gene variants has catalyzed development of novel therapies targeting the virus-co-receptor interaction. The functional and therapeutic implications of these AIDS restriction genes for disease progression and intervention are explored in this review
10.1034/j.1600-065x.2000.17710.x
11138790
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome AIDS Alleles CD4 cytokine Cytokines Disease Disease Progression genetics Hiv HIV Infections HIV transmission Hiv-1 HIV-1 infection Human immunology infection Laboratories physiology population progression Receptors,HIV review t cell therapy transmission Variation (Genetics) virology Virus Replication
S. J. M. O'Brien, J.P. (2000). The effect of genetic variation in chemokines and their receptors on HIV transmission and progression to AIDS. Immunol Rev, 177(), 99-111.
Journal Article
Determinants of incident vulvovaginal candidiasis in human immunodeficiency virus-positive women
Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol
2000
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10968602
OBJECTIVE: Mucosal infections including vulvovaginal candidiasis are a common problem for women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Our objective was to determine which factors predict the development of symptomatic disease among HIV-infected women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a prospective study from 1991 to 1995, 205 HIV-positive women were evaluated every 6 months for occurrences of vulvovaginal candidiasis. Included in the study were all initially asymptomatic women, whether they were fungal-culture-positive or -negative at baseline. Excluded from the study were all women with symptomatic vulvovaginal candidiasis at the initial visit, those who developed trichomonas vaginitis at any visit, and those who used any antifungal agents. RESULTS: The risk of the development of vulvovaginal candidiasis did not differ between women who were asymptomatically colonized at baseline and those who were fungal-culture-negative. However, the risk of developing vulvovaginal candidiasis
10.1155/S1064744900000247
10968602
PMC1784689
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/*epidemiology/immunology/microbiology CD4 Lymphocyte Count Candida/isolation & purification Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal/*epidemiology/etiology/immunology Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/*complications/epidemiology HIV Seropositivity/epidemiology Humans Incidence Prospective Studies Risk Factors Vagina/microbiology
E. M. Shifrin, D., Feldman, J., Minkoff, H. (2000). Determinants of incident vulvovaginal candidiasis in human immunodeficiency virus-positive women. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol, 8(4-Mar), 176-80. PMC1784689
Journal Article
Oral mucosal lesions and HIV viral load in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS)
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2000
1-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11064503
The prevalence of oral lesions was assessed in a five-center subset of the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) and correlated with other features of HIV disease. Oral examinations were performed by dental examiners on 729 women (577 HIV-positive and 152 HIV-negative) during baseline examination. Significant differences between the groups were found for the following oral lesions: pseudomembranous candidiasis, 6.1% and 2.0%, respectively; erythematous candidiasis, 6.41% and 0.7%, respectively; all oral candidiasis, pseudomembranous and/or erythematous, 13.7% and 3.3%, respectively. Hairy leukoplakia was observed in 6.1% of HIV-positive women. No significant differences were found for recurrent aphthous ulcers, herpes simplex lesions, or papillomas. Kaposi's sarcoma was seen in 0.5% of HIV-positive and 0% of HIV-negative women. Using multiple logistic regression models controlling for use of antiretrovirals and antifungals, in HIV-positive women the presence of oral candidiasis was asso
10.1097/00042560-200009010-00006
11064503
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/complications/immunology/*virology Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology/virology Adolescent Adult Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use CD4 Lymphocyte Count Candidiasis, Oral/complications/drug therapy/epidemiology Female HIV Infections/complications/drug therapy/*virology HIV Seronegativity HIV Seropositivity Humans Leukoplakia, Hairy/complications/epidemiology Middle Aged Mouth Diseases/*complications/epidemiology Oral Ulcer/complications/epidemiology Prevalence RNA, Viral/analysis Regression Analysis Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Viral Load
D. K. Greenspan, E., Redford, M., Phelan, J. A., Navazesh, M., Alves, M. E., Kamrath, H., Mulligan, R., Barr, C. E., Greenspan, J. S. (2000). Oral mucosal lesions and HIV viral load in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 25(1), 44-50.
Journal Article
Causal pathways for CCR5 genotype and HIV progression
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2000
1-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10737431
A homozygous 32-bp deletion in the gene encoding CCR5, a major coreceptor for HIV-1, leads to resistance to infection with HIV-1, and heterozygosity for the deletion is associated with delayed disease progression in persons infected with HIV-1. We investigated the effect of CCR5 heterozygosity on disease progression as measured by both CD4+ T-cell count decline and the occurrence of clinical AIDS symptoms. Using a unified statistical model for CD4 count progression and AIDS development, we examined whether the effect of CCR5 heterozygosity on clinical AIDS is direct or indirect through its effect on CD4 counts. Based on data from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, we noted a protective effect of CCR5 heterozygosity on both CD4 cell count progression and on AIDS occurrence. Furthermore, we found that this protective effect on the occurrence of AIDS was completely mediated through an effect on the CD4 marker. Additional adjustment for the effect of an initial viral load measurement indic
10.1097/00126334-200002010-00008
10737431
Adult Bisexuality CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Disease Progression Genotype HIV Infections/*genetics/*physiopathology Homosexuality, Male Humans Male Prospective Studies Receptors, CCR5/*genetics Risk Factors Viral Load
J. M. W. Taylor, Y., Ahdieh, L., Chmiel, J. S., Detels, R., Giorgi, J. V., Kaslow, R., Kingsley, L., Margolick, J. (2000). Causal pathways for CCR5 genotype and HIV progression. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 23(2), 160-71.
Journal Article
Association of race and gender with HIV-1 RNA levels and immunologic progression
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2000
1-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10969345
CONTEXT: HIV-1 RNA and lymphocyte subset levels are the principal indications for antiretroviral treatment. Past reports have differed with regard to the effect of gender and race on these measures and in measures of disease progression. OBJECTIVE: To assess racial and gender differences in HIV-1 RNA levels and CD4+ lymphocyte decline. DESIGN: A longitudinal study based in the two largest HIV natural history cohort studies conducted in 7 metropolitan areas of the United States. RESULTS: In all, 1256 adult women and 1603 adult men for whom multiple data points were available prior to initiation of antiretroviral therapy were included. Women were more likely to be nonwhite, to have a history of injection drug use, and to have HIV-associated symptoms. After adjustment for differences in measurement method, baseline CD4+ cell count, age, and clinical symptoms, HIV-1 RNA levels were 32% to 50% lower in women than in men at CD4+ counts >200 cells/mm3 (p <.001) but not at CD4+ cell counts <20
10.1097/00126334-200007010-00004
10969345
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/ethnology/virology Adolescent Adult African Americans Aged CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cities Cohort Studies European Continental Ancestry Group Female HIV Infections/ethnology/immunology/*virology HIV-1/genetics/*isolation & purification Humans Male Middle Aged Multicenter Studies as Topic Multivariate Analysis RNA, Viral/*analysis Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Substance Abuse, Intravenous/immunology/virology United States
K. G. Anastos, S. J., Lau, B., Weiser, B., Detels, R., Giorgi, J. V., Margolick, J. B., Cohen, M., Phair, J., Melnick, S., Rinaldo, C. R., Kovacs, A., Levine, A., Landesman, S., Young, M., Munoz, A., Greenblatt, R. M. (2000). Association of race and gender with HIV-1 RNA levels and immunologic progression. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 24(3), 218-26.
Journal Article
Effect of HIV infection on menstrual cycle length
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2000
1-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10877498
HIV serostatus and menstrual function were examined using prospectively collected menstrual data from 802 HIV-seropositive and 273 HIV-seronegative women, ages 20 to 44, enrolled in two cohort studies of HIV infection in North American women. The associations between HIV serostatus and the probabilities of having a cycle lasting >40 days (n = 541 cycles), >90 days (n = 67 cycles), <18 days (n = 316 cycles) and mean length and variability of 18 to 40 day cycles (n = 3,634) were assessed. After adjustment for demographic characteristics, body mass index, and substance use, seropositivity increased the odds of having a very short cycle (< 18 days, odds ratio [OR], 1.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00-2.11) and a very long cycle (>90 days, OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 0.68-2.58) slightly, although the latter CIs include one. Seropositivity did not increase the odds of having a moderately long cycle (>40 days, OR, 1.14) or affect mean cycle length or variability (beta, 0.30 +/- 0.20; between-woman
10.1097/00126334-200005010-00012
10877498
Adult Female HIV Infections/*physiopathology Humans *Menstrual Cycle Prospective Studies Time Factors
S. D. S. Harlow, P., Cohen, M., Ohmit, S. E., Cu-Uvin, S., Lin, X., Anastos, K., Burns, D., Greenblatt, R., Minkoff, H., Muderspach, L., Rompalo, A., Warren, D., Young, M. A., Klein, R. S. (2000). Effect of HIV infection on menstrual cycle length. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 24(1), 68-75.
Journal Article
Comparison of two amplification technologies for detection and quantitation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA in the female genital tract. Division of AIDS Treatment Research Initiative 009 Study Team
J Clin Microbiol
2000
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10878061
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA levels in female genital tract and peripheral blood samples were compared using two commercial amplification technologies: the Roche AMPLICOR HIV-1 MONITOR test and either the Organon Teknika nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA-QT) assay or the NucliSens assay. Estimates of HIV-1 RNA copy number were derived from internal kit standards and analyzed unadjusted and adjusted to a common set of external standards. We found a discordance rate of approximately 18% between the two technologies for the detection of HIV-1 in either the genital tract or peripheral blood samples. Detection discordance was not consistent among specimens or among women. There were no significant differences in adjusted or unadjusted estimates of HIV-1 RNA copy number in the genital tract samples using the AMPLICOR HIV-1 MONITOR test and either the NASBA-QT assay or the NucliSens assay. In addition, the estimated HIV-1 RNA copy number in peripheral blood s
10.1128/JCM.38.7.2665-2669.2000
10878061
PMC86993
Cross-Sectional Studies Female Genitalia, Female/*virology HIV Infections/*virology HIV-1/genetics/*isolation & purification Humans *Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques RNA, Viral/*analysis/blood Reagent Kits, Diagnostic Reproducibility of Results Sensitivity and Specificity
J. N. Bremer, M., Beckner, S., Brambilla, D., Cronin, M., Herman, S., Kovacs, A., Reichelderfer, P. (2000). Comparison of two amplification technologies for detection and quantitation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA in the female genital tract. Division of AIDS Treatment Research Initiative 009 Study Team. J Clin Microbiol, 38(7), 2665-9. PMC86993
Journal Article
The prevalence of xerostomia and salivary gland hypofunction in a cohort of HIV-positive and at-risk women
J Dent Res
2000
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11005735
The association of xerostomia and salivary gland hypofunction with HIV infection has been established for men but not for women. We investigated the prevalence of these conditions in a national cohort (n = 733) of HIV-positive and at-risk HIV-negative women. Participants in this prospective cross-sectional study were recruited from the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) at five outpatient USA clinics. Xerostomia was assessed based on "yes" responses to a dry-mouth questionnaire. Samples of unstimulated whole and chewing-stimulated whole saliva were collected under standardized conditions. The major salivary glands were also evaluated clinically. The prevalence of dry-mouth complaint, the absence of saliva upon palpation, and zero unstimulated whole saliva (flow rate = 0 mL/min) were significantly (p = 0.001) higher in HIV-positive women. Adjusted odds of zero unstimulated whole saliva were significantly (p = 0.02) higher in HIV-positive women vs. HIV-negative women (OR = 2.86; 95% CI
10.1177/00220345000790071201
11005735
Adolescent Adult CD4 Lymphocyte Count Chi-Square Distribution Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/*complications Humans Logistic Models Middle Aged Odds Ratio Parotid Gland/physiopathology Prospective Studies Saliva/metabolism Salivary Glands/physiopathology Secretory Rate Statistics, Nonparametric Submandibular Gland/physiopathology Xerostomia/*etiology
M. M. Navazesh, R., Komaroff, E., Redford, M., Greenspan, D., Phelan, J. (2000). The prevalence of xerostomia and salivary gland hypofunction in a cohort of HIV-positive and at-risk women. J Dent Res, 79(7), 1502-7.
Journal Article
Measurement of lymphocyte subset proliferation by three-color immunofluorescence and DNA flow cytometry
J Immunol Methods
2000
21-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10675764
We developed a method for simultaneous flow cytometric analysis of three-color immunofluorescence and DNA content. We show here that staining with 7-amino-actinomycin D (7-AAD) at 10 microg/ml using a phosphate-citrate buffer at low pH containing saponin for cell membrane permeabilization yields good resolution DNA histograms with low coefficients of variation. Furthermore, light scatter properties of cells are preserved after permeabilization; this permits gating on cell populations that differ in scatter signals on the flow cytometer. Because of the low pH of the phosphate-citrate staining buffer, Alexa488, a pH-independent green-fluorescent fluorochrome is used instead of fluorescein-isothiocyanate (FITC) for cell surface staining in combination with phycoerythrin (PE) and with allophycocyanin (APC) which are both pH insensitive. Removal of 7-AAD after staining and replacing it with non-fluorescent actinomycin D (AD) retains DNA staining and allows detection of Alexa488, PE and APC
10.1016/s0022-1759(99)00225-2
10675764
CD28 Antigens/metabolism CD3 Complex/metabolism CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology Cell Cycle DNA/*isolation & purification Dactinomycin/analogs & derivatives Flow Cytometry/*methods *Fluorescent Antibody Technique Fluorescent Dyes Humans Lymphocyte Activation Lymphocyte Subsets/*cytology Phycocyanin Phycoerythrin Propidium Receptors, Transferrin/isolation & purification Specimen Handling Staining and Labeling/methods
I. C. Schmid, S. W., Zack, J. A., Giorgi, J. V. (2000). Measurement of lymphocyte subset proliferation by three-color immunofluorescence and DNA flow cytometry. J Immunol Methods, 235(2-Jan), 121-31.
Journal Article
Association of vitamin A deficiency with cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions in human immunodeficiency virus-infected women
J Infect Dis
2000
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10979903
To explore the relationship between vitamin A (retinol) deficiency and cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women, we measured serum retinol concentrations in 1314 women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study and correlated the results with concurrent cervical cytology. At the baseline visit, 204 (15.5%) of the 1314 patients had retinol concentrations consistent with deficiency (<1.05 micromol/L). Analysis of Papanicolaou smears showed SILs in 216 (16.4%) of 1314 women. Cervical SILs were found to be associated with retinol concentrations <1.05 micromol/L (multivariate odds ratio [OR], 1.63; P=.04) in a multivariate model, which included human papillomavirus (HPV) status and markers of nutritional status and HIV disease stage. In the subset of women with genital HPV (n=774), a multivariate analysis again revealed a significant independent association between retinol <1.05 micromol/L and cervical SILs (multivariate OR, 1.
10.1086/315816
10979903
Adult Analysis of Variance CD4 Lymphocyte Count Case-Control Studies Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia/blood/*complications/pathology Cervix Uteri/*pathology Continental Population Groups Ethnic Groups Female HIV Infections/blood/*complications/pathology Humans Longitudinal Studies United States Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/blood/*complications/pathology Vitamin A/*blood Vitamin A Deficiency/blood/*complications/pathology
A. L. K. French, L. M., Massad, L. S., Semba, R. D., Minkoff, H., Landesman, S., Palefsky, J., Young, M., Anastos, K., Cohen, M. H. (2000). Association of vitamin A deficiency with cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions in human immunodeficiency virus-infected women. J Infect Dis, 182(4), 1084-9.
Journal Article
Induction of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 expression by anaerobes associated with bacterial vaginosis
J Infect Dis
2000
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10823756
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common disorder characterized by increased levels of anaerobic bacteria in the genital tract. BV has been associated with an increased rate of sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The effects of BV-associated anaerobic bacteria on HIV expression in monocytoid cells and T cells were examined. Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus and Prevotella bivia stimulated HIV expression in monocytoid cells, whereas Bacteroides ureolyticus, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, and Lactobacillus acidophilus did not enhance HIV expression. P. asaccharolyticus also enhanced HIV expression in T cells and activated HIV long-terminal-repeat transcription in U38 cells. This report suggests a mechanism by which disturbances in vaginal flora could lead to a higher rate of sexual transmission of HIV. Furthermore, this study supports the idea that treatment of BV might serve as a preventive measure to reduce the risk of HIV transmission.
10.1086/315455
10823756
Bacteria, Anaerobic/isolation & purification/*pathogenicity Bacterial Infections/*virology Female *HIV Long Terminal Repeat HIV-1/genetics/*physiology Humans Vaginosis, Bacterial/*virology *Virus Activation
F. B. G. Hashemi, M., Faro, S., Aroutcheva, A., Spear, G. T. (2000). Induction of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 expression by anaerobes associated with bacterial vaginosis. J Infect Dis, 181(5), 1574-80.
Journal Article
The relationship between virus load response to highly active antiretroviral therapy and change in CD4 cell counts: A report from the Women's interagency HIV study
J Infect Dis
2000
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11010840
The relationship between the pattern of virus load response to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and CD4 lymphocyte response was assessed in a cohort of 249 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1-infected women at 3 times: 1 before and 2 after initiation of therapy, with follow-up of 6-12 months. Patients with a durable response to HAART (i.e., >1 log decrease in HIV-1 RNA sustained for the study periods) had a continuous and significant increase in CD4 cell counts over time, whereas those with no response (<0.5 log decrease in HIV-1 RNA) had a slight decline. Patients with a mixed response (initial decrease >1 log, followed by a subsequent decrease <0.5 log) had an increase in CD4 cell count, followed by a plateau. The trend in CD4 cell count differed significantly by response to HAART, with those patients who experienced a durable response having significantly higher CD4 cell counts than others.
10.1086/315875
11010840
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*drug therapy/immunology/virology Adult *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active *CD4 Lymphocyte Count Female HIV-1/*isolation & purification Humans Middle Aged RNA, Viral/*analysis
J. A. K. DeHovitz, A., Feldman, J. G., Anastos, K., Young, M., Cohen, M., Gange, S. J., Melnick, S., Greenblatt, R. M. (2000). The relationship between virus load response to highly active antiretroviral therapy and change in CD4 cell counts: A report from the Women's interagency HIV study. J Infect Dis, 182(5), 1527-30.
Journal Article
Antigen-specific production of RANTES, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1a, and MIP-1b in vitro is a correlate of reduced human immunodeficiency virus burden in vivo
J Infect Dis
2000
Oct-00
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10979927
RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T expressed and secreted), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha, and MIP-1beta are human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) suppressor factors by virtue of their ability to compete with HIV for access to cell surface R5. Their ability to block HIV infection in vitro is unequivocal; however, their role as HIV suppressor factors in vivo is not firmly established. We therefore conducted a study to test the hypothesis that production of these factors in vitro was a correlate of decreased virus burden in vivo. Moreover, we asked whether higher beta chemokine production could be demonstrated with cells from people who are R5D32 heterozygotes, compared with people who are R5 wild-type homozygotes. Our data support the thesis that RANTES, MIP-1alpha, and MIP-1beta production is associated with decreased in vivo virus load. Moreover, enhanced production of these factors may be explained in part by the genetic background of the host
10.1086/315849
10979927
activation blood CD4 Lymphocyte Count CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes Cohort Studies Comparative Study Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay genetics Heterozygote Hiv HIV infection HIV Infections Homozygote Human human immunodeficiency virus immunodeficiency immunology In Vitro infection Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1 Multicenter Studies Protein Isoforms Rantes Rna,Viral study Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. Survivors United States Viral Load virology virus macrophage
J. G. Ferbas, J.V., Amini, S., Grovit-Ferbas, K., Wiley, D.J., Detels, R., Plaeger, S. (2000). Antigen-specific production of RANTES, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1a, and MIP-1b in vitro is a correlate of reduced human immunodeficiency virus burden in vivo. J Infect Dis, 182(4), 1247-1250.
Journal Article
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection is associated with significant mucosal inflammation characterized by increased expression of CCR5, CXCR4, and b-chemokines
J Infect Dis
2000
Dec-00
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11069233
Mucosal inflammation is characterized by increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemoattractant chemokines, resulting in infiltration of immunocompetent cells. This study compared the degree of mucosal inflammation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)- infected gut mucosa with that in tissue samples from subjects with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and from healthy seronegative control subjects. Gut mucosal biopsy specimens were immunohistochemically stained and were evaluated by in situ imaging. There was significantly increased expression of HIV-1 coreceptors CCR5 and CXCR4, beta- chemokine RANTES, and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha and MIP-1beta, as well as increased numbers of T cells in lamina propria of HIV-1-infected patients. The results were similar in patients with IBD and in HIV-1-infected patients, suggesting increased inflammation in the colon of HIV-1-infected patients. To further investigate the effect of inflammation in HIV-1-inf
10.1086/317625
11069233
activation analysis Biopsy Comparative Study control cytokine Cytokines Disease HIV Infections Hiv-1 Human human immunodeficiency virus immune immune activation immunodeficiency Immunohistochemistry immunology infection infectious diseases Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Intestinal Mucosa Lymphocyte Count Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1 pathology Rantes Receptors,CCR5 Receptors,CXCR4 study Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. t cell t-cells T-Lymphocytes United States virus
J. P. Olsson, M., Spetz, A.L., Elliott, J., Hultin, L., Giorgi, J., Andersson, J., Anton, P. (2000). Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection is associated with significant mucosal inflammation characterized by increased expression of CCR5, CXCR4, and b-chemokines. J Infect Dis, 182(6), 1625-1635.
Journal Article
Interaction of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and human herpesvirus type 8 infections on the incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma
J Infect Dis
2000
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10837173
To determine Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) risk related to timing of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and human herpesvirus type 8 (HHV-8) infections, stored longitudinal sera from 400 homosexual men with known dates of HIV-1 seroconversion (+/-4.5 months) were tested for HHV-8 antibody. Times from HHV-8 seroconversion to KS were compared for the 69 men who became infected with HHV-8 after acquiring HIV-1 to the 182 men who were HHV-8 seropositive before their HIV-1 infection. None developed KS before coinfection. HHV-8 seroconversion after HIV-1 infection increased the risk of KS (risk ratio, 2.55; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-6.10) compared with those infected with HHV-8 before HIV-1. The KS hazards in HHV-8-infected men increased by 60% (P<.001) for each year of HIV-1 infection. Faster CD4 cell loss and higher HIV-1 RNA levels significantly predicted KS. The quicker development of KS in men acquiring HHV-8 after HIV-1 and its association with CD4 slope argues that KS is more lik
10.1086/315503
10837173
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*complications Adult Cohort Studies HIV-1/*isolation & purification Herpesvirus 8, Human/*isolation & purification Humans Immune Tolerance Incidence Longitudinal Studies Male Multivariate Analysis Sarcoma, Kaposi/*epidemiology/virology
L. P. J. Jacobson, F. J., Springer, G., Munoz, A., Shah, K. V., Phair, J., Zhang, Z., Armenian, H. (2000). Interaction of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and human herpesvirus type 8 infections on the incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma. J Infect Dis, 181(6), 1940-9.
Journal Article
Sex and shedding of human immunodeficiency virus
J Infect Dis
2000
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10882631
10.1086/315664
10882631
Cervix Uteri/virology Female HIV Infections/virology HIV-1/*physiology Humans Ovulation/physiology *Sex Vagina/virology *Virus Shedding
P. Cohen (2000). Sex and shedding of human immunodeficiency virus. J Infect Dis, 182(1), 375-6.
Journal Article
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 shedding pattern in semen correlates with the compartmentalization of viral Quasi species between blood and semen
J Infect Dis
2000
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10882584
High levels of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 have been detected in semen at all stages of disease. However, it is not clear whether HIV-1 is shed in semen continuously or intermittently. In a prospective longitudinal study, viral RNA was measured weekly for 10 weeks in semen and blood of HIV-seropositive subjects. Results showed three different patterns of HIV-1 shedding in semen: none (28%), continuous (28%), and intermittent (44%). In contrast, there was no change in blood plasma virus load during the study period. Phylogenetic analysis of the envelope sequences of HIV-1 RNA in semen and blood revealed distinct virus populations in semen and blood of intermittent shedders but similar virus populations in the semen and blood of continuous shedder. These results indicate for the first time that HIV-1 is shed primarily in an intermittent manner and that shedding patterns of HIV-1 in semen are related to compartmentalization of HIV-1 between semen and blood.
10.1086/315644
10882584
Cell Compartmentation Chemokines, CC/metabolism Cohort Studies HIV Infections/blood HIV-1/classification/genetics/*physiology Humans Immunophenotyping Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism/virology Longitudinal Studies Male Multicenter Studies as Topic Phylogeny Prospective Studies RNA, Viral/analysis/blood Semen/*virology Sequence Analysis, RNA Viral Load Virus Shedding/*physiology
P. L. Gupta, C., Patterson, B. K., Kingsley, L., Rinaldo, C., Ding, M., Chen, Y., Kulka, K., Buchanan, W., McKeon, B., Montelaro, R. (2000). Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 shedding pattern in semen correlates with the compartmentalization of viral Quasi species between blood and semen. J Infect Dis, 182(1), 79-87.
Journal Article
CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to lytic proteins of human herpes virus 8 in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected and -uninfected individuals
J Infect Dis
2000
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10950791
T cell immunity to lytic proteins of herpesviruses is important in host control of infection. We have characterized the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response to 5 human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) homologues of lytic proteins in HHV-8-seropositive individuals. HLA class I-restricted, CD8(+) CTL responses to >/=1 HHV-8 lytic protein were detected in all 14 HHV-8-seropositive study subjects tested, with or without human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, but not in any of 5 HHV-8-seronegative individuals. Seven of these study subjects with both HHV-8 and HIV-1 infection had greater anti-CTL reactivity to glycoprotein H (open-reading frame 22) than did the 7 study subjects infected only with HHV-8. Moreover, there was a strong, inverse correlation between HIV-1 load and glycoprotein H-specific CTL lysis in the study subjects infected with both viruses. CTL reactivity to HHV-8 lytic proteins may be involved in host control of HHV-8-related diseases, such as Kaposi's sarcoma.
10.1086/315777
10950791
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/*immunology Antigens, Viral/immunology Cohort Studies Cytotoxicity, Immunologic Female Genetic Vectors HIV Seronegativity/*immunology *hiv-1 *Herpesvirus 8, Human Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/immunology Humans Immunophenotyping Male Open Reading Frames Sarcoma, Kaposi/*immunology T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*drug effects/immunology Vaccinia virus Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics/immunology Viral Load
Q. J. J. Wang, F. J., Jacobson, L. P., Meng, Y. X., Pellett, P. E., Kingsley, L. A., Kousoulas, K. G., Baghian, A., Rinaldo, C. R., Jr. (2000). CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to lytic proteins of human herpes virus 8 in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected and -uninfected individuals. J Infect Dis, 182(3), 928-32.
Journal Article
Natural history of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 viremia after seroconversion and proximal to AIDS in a large cohort of homosexual men. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
J Infect Dis
2000
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10720507
The natural history of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) viremia and its association with clinical outcomes after seroconversion was characterized in a cohort of homosexual men. HIV-1 RNA was measured by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in stored longitudinal plasma samples from 269 seroconverters. Subjects were generally antiretroviral drug naive for the first 3 years after seroconversion. The decline in CD4 lymphocyte counts was strongly associated with initial HIV RNA measurements. Both initial HIV RNA levels and slopes were associated with AIDS-free times. Median slopes were +0.18, +0.09, and -0.01 log10 copies/mL, respectively, for subjects developing AIDS <3, 3-7, and>7 years after seroconversion. In contrast, HIV RNA slopes in the 3 years preceding AIDS and HIV RNA levels at AIDS diagnosis showed little variation according to total AIDS-free time. HIV RNA load at the first HIV-seropositive visit ( approximately 3 months after seroconversion) was
10.1086/315339
10720507
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology/*virology Adolescent Adult CD4 Lymphocyte Count HIV-1/*isolation & purification *Homosexuality, Male Humans Male Middle Aged Prognosis RNA, Viral/blood Viremia/immunology/*virology
R. H. M. Lyles, A., Yamashita, T. E., Bazmi, H., Detels, R., Rinaldo, C. R., Margolick, J. B., Phair, J. P., Mellors, J. W. (2000). Natural history of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 viremia after seroconversion and proximal to AIDS in a large cohort of homosexual men. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. J Infect Dis, 181(3), 872-80.
Journal Article
Impact of the ovulatory cycle on virologic and immunologic markers in HIV-infected women
J Infect Dis
2000
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10608754
An individual's sex influences plasma human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA level and rate of CD4 cell decline, but the mechanism for this effect is currently unknown. To determine the effect of the ovulatory cycle on HIV-1 RNA level and lymphocyte subsets in HIV-infected women, blood specimens were obtained weekly from 14 women infected with HIV. Participants reported regular menses and were not using hormonal medications or narcotics. The occurrence of ovulation was verified by use of endocrine criteria. Ovulation occurred in 10 of the 14 women. Among women who ovulated, median HIV-1 RNA level fell by a median of 0.16 log10 from the early follicular phase to the midluteal phase (P=.03, Wilcoxon signed-rank test). When women who did not ovulate were included in the analysis, no significant fluctuation in plasma HIV RNA level was identified. Thus, the ovulatory cycle influenced circulating HIV-1 RNA levels, a finding that is plausible because of the known effect of sex hormon
10.1086/315207
10608754
Adult Female HIV Seropositivity/*immunology/*virology HIV-1/*isolation & purification Humans Lymphocyte Subsets *Menstrual Cycle Prognosis RNA, Viral/blood
R. M. A. Greenblatt, N., Grant, R. M., Bacchetti, P., Taylor, R. N. (2000). Impact of the ovulatory cycle on virologic and immunologic markers in HIV-infected women. J Infect Dis, 181(1), 82-90.
Journal Article
The impact of the ovulatory cycle on cytokine production: evaluation of systemic, cervicovaginal, and salivary compartments
J Interferon Cytokine Res
2000
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10954915
To understand the impact of the menstrual cycle on immunologic parameters, we measured the level of cytokines and chemokines from plasma, cervicovaginal lavage (CVL), and saliva samples of 6 premenopausal women during the follicular and luteal phases of the ovulatory cycle. We demonstrate that the level of plasma interleukin-8 (IL-8) was 4-fold higher during the follicular phase than the luteal phase (p = 0.004), whereas plasma IL-1beta, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha), and TNF receptor II (TNFR II) were not altered during the ovulatory cycle. In the vaginal compartment, as measured from CVL samples, the levels of IL-6 and IL-1beta were both 5-fold higher in the follicular than the luteal phase (p = 0.0002 and 0.03, respectively). Salivary cytokine and chemokine samples were similar when measured during the luteal and the follicular p
10.1089/10799900050116426
10954915
Adolescent Adult Antigens, CD/biosynthesis/blood Cervix Uteri/immunology Chemokine CCL3 Chemokine CCL4 Cytokines/*biosynthesis/blood Female Follicular Phase/immunology Humans In Vitro Techniques Interleukins/biosynthesis/blood Luteal Phase/immunology Lymphocyte Activation Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins/biosynthesis/blood Menstrual Cycle/*immunology Middle Aged Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/biosynthesis/blood Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II Saliva/immunology T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology Vagina/immunology
L. W. Al-Harthi, D. J., Anderson, D., Cohen, M., Matity Ahu, D., Cohn, J., Cu-Unvin, S., Burns, D., Reichelderfer, P., Lewis, S., Beckner, S., Kovacs, A., Landay, A. (2000). The impact of the ovulatory cycle on cytokine production: evaluation of systemic, cervicovaginal, and salivary compartments. J Interferon Cytokine Res, 20(8), 719-24.
Journal Article
Interrater Variability in Diagnosis of Cervical Biopsies from Women with HIV-1: Results from the Women's Interagency HIV Study
J Low Genit Tract Dis
2000
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25951153
OBJECTIVES: To determine interrater variability in classifying cervical biopsies from women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cervical biopsies performed on women participating in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) were read at the six participating sites. A 10% random sample was retrieved and reviewed using standardized terminology by pathologists with a special interest in gynecologic pathology. Results were compared with kappa values and Mantel-Haentzel tests. RESULTS: Biopsies from 288 HIV-seropositive and 24 HIV-seronegative women were reviewed. The weighted kappa value of 0.67 indicated moderate to strong agreement between original and review diagnoses, with a range of 0.54 to 0.84 across sites. No cancers were identified. Significantly more specimens showing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 2 or 3 were identified by review pathologists (p = .02). CIN2 or CIN3 was graded less severely by local pathologists in 18 (51%) of 35 cases,
10.1046/j.1526-0976.2000.44002.x
25951153
S. L. K. Massad, L., Darragh, T., Bitterman, P., Sidawy, M., Muderspach, L., Abulafia, O., Salzer, E., Watts, H., Melnick, S. (2000). Interrater Variability in Diagnosis of Cervical Biopsies from Women with HIV-1: Results from the Women's Interagency HIV Study. J Low Genit Tract Dis, 4(4), 190-4.
Journal Article
Highly active antiretroviral therapy and incidence of cancer in human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults
J Natl Cancer Inst
2000
11/15/2000
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11078759
BACKGROUND: The risk of Kaposi's sarcoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is increased in people infected with the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV). Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been widely used by HIV-infected people in North America, Europe, and Australia since about 1997. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) incidence and mortality rates have fallen markedly in association with the use of HAART, but its impact on the incidence of cancer in HIV-infected people is less clear. METHODS: Cancer incidence data from 23 prospective studies that included 47 936 HIV-seropositive individuals from North America, Europe, and Australia were collated, checked, and analyzed centrally. Adjusted incidence rates (expressed as number of cancers per 1000 person-years) for Kaposi's sarcoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, cervical cancer, and 20 other cancer types or sites were calculated. Rate ratios were estimated, comparing incidence rates from 1997 through 1999 with
10.1093/jnci/92.22.1823
11078759
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome administration & dosage Adult AIDS Anti-HIV Agents Australia Cervix Neoplasms Disease epidemiology Europe Female Hiv HIV transmission Hodgkin Disease Human immunodeficiency Incidence International Cooperation lymphoma Lymphoma,AIDS-Related Lymphoma,Non-Hodgkin Male methods Middle Age mortality Neoplasms non-Hodgkin's lymphoma North America Odds Ratio pharmacology prevention & control Prospective Studies research Risk Sarcoma,Kaposi sex study Support,Non-U.S.Gov't therapeutic use therapy transmission United States
I. C. o. H. a. Cancer (2000). Highly active antiretroviral therapy and incidence of cancer in human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults. J Natl Cancer Inst, 92(22), 1823-1830.
Journal Article
Matrix metalloprotease-9 release from monocytes increases as a function of differentiation: implications for neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration
J Neuroimmunol
2000
9/22/2000
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10996224
Naive monocytes extravasate in response to monocyte chemoattractant-1 (MCP-1) and subsequently, following differentiation within tissue, carry out effector functions. Consistent with this concept, expression of the MCP-1 receptor CCR2 decreases with monocyte differentiation, as production of cytokines increases (Fantuzzi et al., 1999). Because matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) may also play an important role in the ability of monocytes to migrate into tissues and/or to promote pathogen clearance/tissue injury, we have examined production of matrix metalloprotease-9 as a function of both monocyte differentiation in vitro and expression of CCR2. Increased time in culture, which is linked to monocyte differentiation, resulted in enhanced production of MMP-9, assessed by gelatin substrate zymography. Further, CCR2-negative monocytes produced greater quantities of MMP-9 than did naive CCR2- positive cells. Our results indicate that MMP-9 release increases during monocyte differentiation, consi
10.1016/s0165-5728(00)00308-8
10996224
Baltimore Cell Differentiation cells Cells,Cultured cytokine Cytokines cytology drug effects enzymology Flow Cytometry Gelatinase B Human immunology In Vitro metabolism Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Monocytes Nerve Degeneration Netherlands Neuritis neurology pharmacology proteins Receptors,Chemokine response Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. survival
C. M. P. G. Vos, S., Ransohoff, R.M., McArthur, J.C., Wahl, L., Sjulson, L., Hunter, E., Conant, K. (2000). Matrix metalloprotease-9 release from monocytes increases as a function of differentiation: implications for neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. J Neuroimmunol, 109(2), 221-227.
Journal Article
High sensitivity detection of JC-virus DNA in postmortem brain tissue by in situ PCR
J Neurovirol
2000
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10786998
Opportunistic infection of the central nervous system by human polyomavirus JC can cause a devastating disease, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). To gain new neuropathological insights into JC-virus (JCV) infection patterns in PML at the light microscopic level, the highly sensitive indirect in situ polymerase chain reaction (in situ PCR) was employed in up to 15-year old formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded postmortem brain tissue derived from nine AIDS patients with PML. In situ PCR, in which target DNA is amplified intracellularly and detected by a specific labelled probe in morphologically intact tissue, was compared with conventional in situ hybridization (ISH). Validity was ensured by the inclusion of 13 controls. JCV detection with in situ PCR proved to be highly sensitive since in all nine brain samples the number of positive cells exceeded the ISH results by 2-3-fold. Whereas by routine staining the brain tissue of each individual patient showed regions with se
10.3109/13550280009006383
10786998
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/*chemically induced/classification/*pathology Adult Astrocytes/metabolism/pathology/virology Brain/pathology/*virology DNA, Viral/analysis Female Humans JC Virus/*isolation & purification Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal/classification/*pathology/*virology Male Middle Aged Myelin Sheath/virology Oligodendroglia/pathology/virology Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods Reproducibility of Results Retrospective Studies Sensitivity and Specificity
I. W. S. Samorei, M., Pawlita, M., Vinters, H. V., Diebold, K., Mundt, C., von Einsiedel, R. W. (2000). High sensitivity detection of JC-virus DNA in postmortem brain tissue by in situ PCR. J Neurovirol, 6(1), 61-74.
Journal Article
Improvement in HIV-associated motor slowing after antiretroviral therapy including protease inhibitors
J Neurovirol
2000
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10787000
A study of neuropsychological performance was conducted in 33 HIV+ patients initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Grooved Pegboard (GP) non-dominant hand performance improved in 23/33 (70%) subjects (P=0.002). Among 23 patients with motor slowing (GP non-dominant hand z score < -1.0) at baseline, 18 (78%) improved on the GP non-dominant hand test after initiating HAART (P=0.001). GP non-dominant hand performance improved longitudinally in HIV+ patients initiating HAART, while matched HIV+ controls not on HAART did not change (P=0.045). Significant improvement in motor performance can occur after HAART in HIV+ patients with impairment.
10.3109/13550280009006385
10787000
AIDS Dementia Complex/*drug therapy/virology Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications/*drug therapy Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use Female Functional Laterality HIV Protease Inhibitors/*therapeutic use HIV Seropositivity Hand/physiopathology Humans Longitudinal Studies Male Middle Aged Movement Disorders/*drug therapy/etiology Neuropsychological Tests Prospective Studies Psychomotor Performance/drug effects Viral Load
N. C. S. Sacktor, R. L., Lyles, R. H., Esposito, D., Selnes, O. A., McArthur, J. C. (2000). Improvement in HIV-associated motor slowing after antiretroviral therapy including protease inhibitors. J Neurovirol, 6(1), 84-8.
Journal Article
Analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp160 sequences from a patient with HIV dementia: evidence for monocyte trafficking into brain
J Neurovirol
2000
May-00
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10871768
Towards understanding the pathogenesis of HIV dementia, we molecularly cloned and sequenced human immundeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp160 genes from uncultured post-mortem tissues collected from a patient with HIV dementia. Sequences from bone marrow, lymph node, lung, and four regions of brain - the deep white matter, head of caudate, choroid plexus and meninges - were compared. Also included were gp160 sequences recovered from blood monocytes collected 5 months prior to death. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the sequences from deep white matter were more closely related to those from bone marrow, than to those from the other tissues, and moreover, were most closely related to sequences from the blood monocytes. These findings suggest trafficking of bone marrow-derived monocytes into the deep white matter during this late stage of infection. Another cluster included sequences from choroid plexus, meninges and lymph node, and interestingly, identical patterns of four or nine stop
10871768
AIDS Dementia Complex Amino Acid Sequence analysis Baltimore blood Brain Cell Movement Cerebrospinal Fluid Genes,Viral genetics Hiv HIV Envelope Protein gp160 Hiv-1 Human human immunodeficiency virus immunodeficiency infection Male metabolism Middle Age Molecular Sequence Data Monocytes Multicenter Studies Mutation Organ Specificity pathogenicity pathology Phylogeny Polymorphism (Genetics) Prospective Studies Sequence Analysis,DNA Sequence Homology,Amino Acid study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. virology virus
Y. T. Liu, X.P., McArthur, J.C., Scott, J., Gartner, S. (2000). Analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp160 sequences from a patient with HIV dementia: evidence for monocyte trafficking into brain. J Neurovirol, 6 Suppl 1(), S70-S81.
Journal Article
Anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) CD8(+) T-lymphocyte reactivity during combination antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1-infected patients with advanced immunodeficiency
J Virol
2000
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10756025
The long-term efficacy of combination antiretroviral therapy may relate to augmentation of anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) CD8(+) T-cell responses. We found that prolonged treatment of late-stage HIV-1-infected patients with a protease inhibitor and two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors failed to restore sustained, high levels of HIV-1-specific, HLA class I-restricted, cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte precursors and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production by CD8(+) T cells. In some patients, particularly those initiating three-drug combination therapy simultaneously rather than sequentially, there were early, transient increases in the frequency of anti-HIV-1 CD8(+) T cells that correlated with decreases in HIV-1 RNA and increases in T-cell counts. In the other patients, HIV-1-specific T-cell functions either failed to increase or declined from baseline during triple-drug therapy, even though some of these patients showed suppression of plasma HIV-1 RNA. These effects
10.1128/jvi.74.9.4127-4138.2000
10756025
PMC111927
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use CD4 Lymphocyte Count CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology Cell Lineage Drug Therapy, Combination Gene Products, gag/immunology Gene Products, pol/immunology HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*immunology/physiopathology/virology HIV Protease Inhibitors/therapeutic use HIV-1/drug effects/*immunology Humans Indinavir/therapeutic use Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis Lamivudine/therapeutic use Longitudinal Studies Lymphocyte Activation Peptides/immunology Phenotype Phosphoproteins/immunology Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/therapeutic use T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology Viral Load Viral Matrix Proteins/immunology Zidovudine/therapeutic use
C. R. Rinaldo, Jr., Huang, X. L., Fan, Z., Margolick, J. B., Borowski, L., Hoji, A., Kalinyak, C., McMahon, D. K., Riddler, S. A., Hildebrand, W. H., Day, R. B., Mellors, J. W. (2000). Anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) CD8(+) T-lymphocyte reactivity during combination antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1-infected patients with advanced immunodeficiency. J Virol, 74(9), 4127-38. PMC111927
Journal Article
Lentivirus infection in the brain induces matrix metalloproteinase expression: role of envelope diversity
J Virol
2000
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10906175
Infection of the brain by lentiviruses, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), causes inflammation and results in neurodegeneration. Molecular diversity within the lentivirus envelope gene has been implicated in the regulation of cell tropism and the host response to infection. Here, we examine the hypothesis that envelope sequence diversity modulates the expression of host molecules implicated in lentivirus-induced brain disease, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and related transcription factors. Infection of primary macrophages by chimeric HIV clones containing brain-derived envelope fragments from patients with HIV-associated dementia (HAD) or nondemented AIDS patients (HIV-ND) showed that MMP-2 and -9 levels in conditioned media were significantly higher for the HAD clones. Similarly, STAT-1 and JAK-1 levels were higher in macrophages infected by HAD clones. Infections of primary feline macrophages by the neurovirulent FIV str
10.1128/jvi.74.16.7211-7220.2000
10906175
PMC112242
AIDS Dementia Complex/enzymology/virology Animals Brain/enzymology/*virology Cats Cells, Cultured DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism Gene Expression Regulation Genes, env/*genetics *Genetic Variation HIV/genetics/metabolism/physiology HIV Infections/enzymology/virology Humans Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline/genetics/metabolism/physiology Lentivirus/*genetics/metabolism/physiology Lentivirus Infections/*enzymology/virology Macrophages/enzymology/virology Matrix Metalloproteinases/*metabolism Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism STAT1 Transcription Factor Signal Transduction Trans-Activators/metabolism Viral Envelope Proteins/metabolism Virus Replication
J. B. J. Johnston, Y., van Marle, G., Mayne, M. B., Ni, W., Holden, J., McArthur, J. C., Power, C. (2000). Lentivirus infection in the brain induces matrix metalloproteinase expression: role of envelope diversity. J Virol, 74(16), 7211-20. PMC112242
Journal Article
Functional reconstitution of thymopoiesis after human immunodeficiency virus infection
J Virol
2000
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10684316
We have utilized combination antiretroviral therapy following human immunodeficiency virus type 1-induced human CD4(+) thymocyte depletion in the SCID-hu mouse to examine the immune competence of reconstituting thymocytes which appear following administration of combination therapy. These cells express a normal distribution of T-cell receptor variable gene families and are responsive to costimulatory signals. These results suggest that normal thymic function may be restored following antiretroviral treatment.
10.1128/jvi.74.6.2943-2948.2000
10684316
PMC111790
Animals CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology Didanosine/pharmacology Disease Models, Animal Drug Therapy, Combination HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*immunology HIV Protease Inhibitors/pharmacology HIV-1/*immunology Humans Indinavir/pharmacology Mice Mice, SCID Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/pharmacology Thymus Gland/cytology/*immunology Zidovudine/pharmacology
S. G. K. Kitchen, S., Giorgi, J. V., Zack, J. A. (2000). Functional reconstitution of thymopoiesis after human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Virol, 74(6), 2943-8. PMC111790
Journal Article
Hormonal levels among HIV-1-seropositive women compared with high-risk HIV-seronegative women during the menstrual cycle. Women's Health Study (WHS) 001 and WHS 001a Study Team
J Womens Health Gend Based Med
2000
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11074951
There is a paucity of normative data on hormonal levels among HIV-infected women. Hormonal levels may influence fertility and HIV-related immunological and virological factors. The objective of this study was to determine progesterone and estradiol levels during the menstrual cycle in HIV-seropositive women compared with high-risk seronegative women. The study enrolled 55 HIV-infected and 10 high-risk uninfected women with self-reported regular menstrual cycles (25-30-day cycles). Progesterone and estradiol levels were determined on a weekly basis for 8 weeks. The analysis included evaluations from the first complete menstrual cycle for the 54 HIV-infected and 9 uninfected women who had at least one complete cycle. The median age was 35 years for HIV-infected women and 36 years for uninfected women. The median CD4+ count for HIV-seropositive women was 210 cells/mm3. The median menstrual cycle length was 28 days (range 22-49 days) for HIV-infected women and 25 days (range 24-44 days) fo
10.1089/152460900750020883
11074951
Adult Estradiol/*blood Female HIV Seronegativity HIV Seropositivity/*blood *hiv-1 Humans *Menstrual Cycle Middle Aged Progesterone/*blood Prospective Studies Statistics, Nonparametric
S. W. Cu-Uvin, D. J., Anderson, D., Kovacs, A., Watts, D. H., Cohn, J., Landay, A., Reichelderfer, P. S. (2000). Hormonal levels among HIV-1-seropositive women compared with high-risk HIV-seronegative women during the menstrual cycle. Women's Health Study (WHS) 001 and WHS 001a Study Team. J Womens Health Gend Based Med, 9(8), 857-63.
Journal Article
Two-step estimation of functional linear models with applications to longitudinal data
Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Statistical Methodology)
2000
2000
https://rss.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1467-9868.00233
Functional linear models are useful in longitudinal data analysis. They include many classical and recently proposed statistical models for longitudinal data and other functional data. Recently, smoothing spline and kernel methods have been proposed for estimating their coefficient functions nonparametrically but these methods are either intensive in computation or inefficient in performance. To overcome these drawbacks, in this paper, a simple and powerful two-step alternative is proposed. In particular, the implementation of the proposed approach via local polynomial smoothing is discussed. Methods for estimating standard deviations of estimated coefficient functions are also proposed. Some asymptotic results for the local polynomial estimators are established. Two longitudinal data sets, one of which involves time-dependent covariates, are used to demonstrate the approach proposed. Simulation studies show that our two-step approach improves the kernel method proposed by Hoover and c
10.1111/1467-9868.00233
functional analysis of variance functional linear models local polynomial smoothing longitudinal data analysis least-squares regression smoothing spline models crossed samples cell numbers curves
J. Z. Fan, J. T. (2000). Two-step estimation of functional linear models with applications to longitudinal data. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Statistical Methodology), 62(2), 303-322.
Journal Article
Position and degree of mismatches and the mobility of DNA heteroduplexes
Nucleic Acids Res
2000
15-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10871392
Heteroduplex mobility assay (HMA) is a fast and inexpensive method for determining relatedness between DNA sequences. Rapidly evolving viruses such as HIV-1 develop marked sequence differences in their genomes over the course of the epidemic and infection in a single individual. HMA can be used to monitor both processes. Here, we systematically evaluated the influence of single base mismatches on heteroduplex mobility. The impact of mismatches at nine different positions in 559 bp double-stranded DNA molecules, within a background of overall sequence divergence ranging from 1.97 to 9.65%, was evaluated in both non-denaturing and partially-denaturing acrylamide gels. We found that the electrophoretic mobility of heteroduplexes was proportional to the level of mismatch when that level exceeded 4.5%. Overall, mismatches near the center of the fragment and clustered mismatches tended to have an exaggerated influence on the mobility of heteroduplexes. Thus, the use of HMA for quantitative i
10.1093/nar/28.12.e69
10871392
PMC102754
*Base Pair Mismatch Base Sequence *DNA DNA, Viral/genetics Gene Products, env HIV Infections/virology HIV-1/genetics *Heteroduplex Analysis Humans Molecular Sequence Data *Nucleic Acid Heteroduplexes Sequence Alignment
D. A. S. Upchurch, R., Mullins, J. I. (2000). Position and degree of mismatches and the mobility of DNA heteroduplexes. Nucleic Acids Res, 28(12), E69. PMC102754
Journal Article
Body composition in HIV-infected women
Nutrition
2000
Nov-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11118826
Although loss of lean body mass is a common complication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection that can occur across the disease trajectory, few studies have characterized the body composition of HIV-infected women. We used bioelectrical impedance analysis to characterize the body composition of HIV-infected (n = 56) and uninfected (n = 12) women who were matched on percentage of ideal body weight. The HIV-infected women did not differ from the uninfected women by height-adjusted fat mass or body cell mass. Intergroup comparisons among the HIV-infected women showed that underweight women had significantly less fat mass than did normal-weight women but did not significantly differ with respect to body cell mass. Among all HIV-infected women, CD4(+) lymphocyte count was positively correlated with fat mass (r = 0.32, P = 0.01) but not with body cell mass. No significant correlations were found between any body-composition parameter and plasma viral load. Our findings suggest tha
10.1016/s0899-9007(00)00432-9
11118826
Adipose Tissue/*metabolism Adult *Body Composition Body Weight CD4 Lymphocyte Count Case-Control Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Electric Impedance Female HIV Infections/complications/*metabolism HIV Wasting Syndrome/metabolism Humans
B. H. Swanson, R. C., Sha, B. E., Benson, C. A., Cohen, M., Gunfeld, C. (2000). Body composition in HIV-infected women. Nutrition, 16(12-Nov), 1064-8.
Journal Article
Salivary gland disease in human immunodeficiency virus-positive women from the WIHS study. Women's Interagency HIV Study
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod
2000
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10846124
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of enlargement, tenderness, and absence of saliva on palpation as indicators of salivary gland disease in women who are human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive. STUDY DESIGN: The study subjects are participants in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), a multicenter study examining HIV-seropositive women and at-risk HIV-seronegative women. A total of 576 HIV-positive women and 152 HIV-negative women were examined at their baseline oral visit for clinical markers of salivary gland disease. Viral load levels, CD4 counts, and CD8 counts were obtained as part of the related core study. RESULTS: HIV-positive women had higher rates of salivary gland enlargement (4.3%), tenderness (6.9%), and absence of saliva on palpation (26.6%) compared with HIV-negative women, who had rates of 1.3%, 4.6%, and 13.2%, respectively. Absence of saliva was significantly different (P =. 001) between the 2 groups. When 2 of the 3 clinical findings were combined, comp
10.1067/moe.2000.105328
10846124
Adolescent Adult Female HIV Seronegativity HIV Seropositivity/diagnosis/*epidemiology HIV Seroprevalence HIV-1/*immunology Health Status Humans Interviews as Topic/methods Middle Aged Salivary Gland Diseases/diagnosis/*epidemiology United States/epidemiology
R. N. Mulligan, M., Komaroff, E., Greenspan, D., Redford, M., Alves, M., Phelan, J. (2000). Salivary gland disease in human immunodeficiency virus-positive women from the WIHS study. Women's Interagency HIV Study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 89(6), 702-9.
Journal Article
Medical management of HIV-infected patients
Periodontol 2000
2000
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11276768
10.1034/j.1600-0757.2000.2230107.x
11276768
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/*prevention & control Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use Antibiotic Prophylaxis HIV Infections/complications/*drug therapy *hiv-1 Humans
J. P. Phair (2000). Medical management of HIV-infected patients. Periodontol 2000, 23(1), 78-84.
Journal Article
Genetic restriction of HIV-1 pathogenesis to AIDS by promoter alleles of IL10
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
2000
19-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11121048
IL10 is a powerful TH-2 cell cytokine produced by lymphoid cells that limits HIV-1 replication in vivo, ostensibly by inhibiting macrophage/monocyte and T-cell lymphocyte replication and secretion of inflammatory cytokines (IL1, TNFalpha, IL6, IL8, and IL12). A genetic epidemiological scan of patients enrolled in AIDS cohorts for candidate gene-linked short tandem repeat polymorphisms revealed significant genotype associations for HIV-1 infection and progression to AIDS with markers adjacent to and tracking (by linkage disequilibrium) common single nucleotide polymorphic variants in the IL10 promoter region. Individuals carrying the IL10-5'-592A (IL10-5'A) promoter allele possibly were at increased risk for HIV-1 infection, and once infected they progressed to AIDS more rapidly than homozygotes for the alternative IL10-5'-592 C/C (IL10-+/+) genotype, particularly in the later stages of HIV-1 infection. An estimated 25-30% of long-term nonprogressors (who avoid clinical AIDS for 10 or m
10.1073/pnas.97.26.14467
11121048
PMC18942
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/genetics/*physiopathology/virology *Alleles Disease Progression *hiv-1 Humans Interleukin-10/*genetics/physiology Microsatellite Repeats *Promoter Regions, Genetic
H. D. W. Shin, C., Stephens, J. C., Bream, J., Young, H., Goedert, J. J., O'Brien, T. R., Vlahov, D., Buchbinder, S., Giorgi, J., Rinaldo, C., Donfield, S., Willoughby, A., O'Brien, S. J., Smith, M. W. (2000). Genetic restriction of HIV-1 pathogenesis to AIDS by promoter alleles of IL10. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 97(26), 14467-72. PMC18942
Journal Article
Health-related quality of life among people with HIV disease: results from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
Qual Life Res
2000
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10981206
To examine the effect of HIV status, symptomatology and CD4+ lymphocyte level on health-related quality of life, the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) was administered to 2,295 gay men enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) in 1994. Distinct physical and mental health factors of the SF-36 were found. Seropositive asymptomatic individuals and seropositive individuals with CD4+ lymphocytes > or = 500/mm3 scored as well as seronegative participants on all of the mental health domain scales, but lower on the general health perceptions and physical health composite score. Seropositive individuals with at least one symptom or with CD4+ lymphocytes below 200/mm3 scored significantly lower on all of the SF-36 scales and summary scores than seronegative controls. The SF-36 was found to exhibit similar mental and physical health factors for an adult gay male population to that previously seen in general population samples and in patient groups with other disea
10.1023/a:1008919227665
10981206
Adult Analysis of Variance CD4 Lymphocyte Count Follow-Up Studies HIV Infections/immunology/*psychology *Health Status Humans Least-Squares Analysis Male Middle Aged *Quality of Life United States
E. G. H. Bing, R. D., Jacobson, L. P., Chen, B., Gange, S. J., Kass, N. E., Chmiel, J. S., Zucconi, S. L. (2000). Health-related quality of life among people with HIV disease: results from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Qual Life Res, 9(1), 55-63.
Journal Article
Genetic polymorphism in CX3CR1 and risk of HIV disease
Science
2000
15-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11187812
10.1126/science.290.5499.2031a
11187812
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/genetics/physiopathology/virology Alleles CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1 Cohort Studies Disease Progression Female France HIV/physiology HIV Infections/*genetics/physiopathology/virology Haplotypes Homozygote Humans Male North America *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide Receptors, Cytokine/*genetics/physiology Receptors, HIV/*genetics/physiology Risk Factors
D. H. C. McDermott, J. S., Kleeberger, C. A., Plankey, M., Rosenberg, P. S., Smith, E. D., Zimmerman, P. A., Combadiere, C., Leitman, S. F., Kaslow, R. A., Goedert, J. J., Berger, E. A., O'Brien, T. R., Murphy, P. M. (2000). Genetic polymorphism in CX3CR1 and risk of HIV disease. Science, 290(5499), 2031.
Journal Article
Heterosexual transmission of hepatitis C, hepatitis B, and HIV-1 in a sample of inner city women
Sex Transm Dis
2000
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10907909
BACKGROUND: To clarify the role of heterosexual transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and to identify associated risk factors. GOAL: To compare risk factors with infection among women with HCV, HIV-1, and hepatitis B virus (HBV). STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional study of the prevalence of HCV, HIV-1, and HBV in a sample of 599 sexually active, nontransfused, inner-city women with no evidence of intravenous drug use. RESULTS: The prevalence of HCV was 1.6%, compared with 2.0% for HIV-1 and 18.8% for HBV; 75% of women infected with HCV were also infected with HIV-1 or HBV (P < 0.001). Women engaging in very high-risk sexual behavior were 14.2 times more likely to have HCV than other women (95% CI, 1.8-642.5). CONCLUSIONS: The epidemic of HCV may be facilitated by high-risk sexual behavior. The relatively high prevalence of HCV suggests the need for more widespread screening among inner-city females.
10.1097/00007435-200007000-00007
10907909
Adolescent Adult Cross-Sectional Studies Female HIV Infections/*epidemiology/transmission *hiv-1 Hepatitis B/*epidemiology/transmission Hepatitis C/*epidemiology/transmission *Heterosexuality Humans Middle Aged New York City/epidemiology Prevalence Risk Factors Surveys and Questionnaires Urban Health Women's Health
J. G. M. Feldman, H., Landesman, S., Dehovitz, J. (2000). Heterosexual transmission of hepatitis C, hepatitis B, and HIV-1 in a sample of inner city women. Sex Transm Dis, 27(6), 338-42.
Journal Article
Kernel smoothing on varying coefficient models with longitudinal dependent variable
Statistica Sinica
2000
2000
https://www.jstor.org/stable/24306726?seq=1
kernel smoothing longitudinal model
C. O. C. Wu, C.T. (2000). Kernel smoothing on varying coefficient models with longitudinal dependent variable. Statistica Sinica, 10(), 433-456.
Journal Article
Association of DRB1*1501 with disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection in North American AIDS patients
Tissue Antigens
2000
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10703603
The HLA class II allele, DR2 (DRB1*1501), has been repeatedly found to be associated with development of tuberculosis and leprosy. We searched for associations of these and other class II alleles with disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection (DMAC) in North American Caucasian homosexual AIDS patients. Molecular typing for HLA-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles in 176 cases of DMAC and 176 matched controls showed an association of accelerated onset of disease with DRB1*1501 (and the closely linked DQB1*0602) that was stronger upon adjustment for the degree and duration of CD4+ cell deficiency (P=0.04) and in multivariate analysis (P=0.02) than in unadjusted analysis. A similar trend was seen with DRB1*0701, and no other allele showed a relationship of similar magnitude. M. avium complex organisms may more effectively evade host defenses in individuals carrying an HLA polymorphism identical to that associated with M. tuberculosis and M. leprae.
10.1034/j.1399-0039.2000.550103.x
10703603
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/*immunology/mortality Alleles Case-Control Studies Cohort Studies DNA/analysis Gene Frequency *Genes, MHC Class II HLA-DQ Antigens/genetics HLA-DQ beta-Chains HLA-DR Antigens/*genetics HLA-DRB1 Chains Humans Male *Mycobacterium avium Complex Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection/*immunology/mortality North America/epidemiology Polymerase Chain Reaction
S. B. N. LeBlanc, E. G., Jacobson, L., Kaslow, R. A. (2000). Association of DRB1*1501 with disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection in North American AIDS patients. Tissue Antigens, 55(1), 17-23.
Journal Article
Epidemiology and natural history of HIV infection in women
US Government Printing Office
2000
Government Document
Neutralization and enhancement of HIV-1 infection by sera from HIV-1 infected individuals who progress to disease at different rates
Virology
2000
20-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10891407
We examined the neutralizing/enhancing activity in sera collected at an early and a later time point postinfection from 13 HIV-positive nonprogressors, 13 moderate progressors, and 13 rapid progressors to determine the relationship between neutralizing/enhancing activity and disease progression. Early sera from each group reduced virus replication at low dilutions (10(-1) to 10(-2)) when compared with negative sera. The reduction was statistically significant for moderate and rapid progressors at 10(-1) dilution (P = 0.02 and P = 0.02 respectively) but not for nonprogressors (P = 0.16). Late sera from nonprogressors and moderate progressors reduced virus replication at low dilution but late sera from rapid progressors lost neutralizing activity. These data suggest that an association exists between neutralizing activity in sera and nonprogression or slower progression to disease and that loss of neutralizing activity is associated with disease progression. At higher dilutions (10(-3) t
10.1006/viro.2000.0401
10891407
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology/pathology Cells, Cultured Disease Progression HIV Infections/*immunology/*pathology HIV-1/drug effects/*immunology/*physiology Humans Immune Sera/*immunology/pharmacology Kinetics Macrophages/drug effects/virology Neutralization Tests Time Factors Virus Replication/drug effects
P. E. W. Jolly, H. L. (2000). Neutralization and enhancement of HIV-1 infection by sera from HIV-1 infected individuals who progress to disease at different rates. Virology, 273(1), 52-9.
Journal Article
Association of indicators of bacterial vaginosis with a female genital tract factor that induces expression of HIV-1
AIDS
1999
1-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10513649
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of bacterial vaginosis and bacterial vaginosis-associated microorganisms with an HIV-inducing factor (HIF) found in cervicovaginal lavage. DESIGN: A total of 26 cervicovaginal lavage specimens collected from 17 women were used in this study to determine if HIF was significantly associated with features consistent with bacterial vaginosis. METHODS: Patients were evaluated for various clinical features including age, HIV status and stage, CD4 cell counts, clinical diagnosis of gynecological infections, vaginal pH, Gram stains of vaginal fluid, phase of menstruation, and presence of cervical dysplasia. Cervicovaginal lavage specimens were analyzed for the presence of HIF by U1 bioassay. The presence of Gardnerella vaginalis, and general Mycoplasmataceae, and specifically Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, M. fermentans, M. genitalium in cervicovaginal lavage were determined by semiquantitative PCR. RESULTS: Eleven
10.1097/00002030-199910010-00013
10513649
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/immunology/microbiology/physiopathology/*virology Adult Aged Biological Factors/analysis/*physiology Female Genitalia, Female/chemistry/*physiology *hiv-1 Humans Middle Aged Vaginosis, Bacterial/complications/immunology/*metabolism/microbiology
G. G. H. Olinger, F. B., Sha, B. E., Spear, G. T. (1999). Association of indicators of bacterial vaginosis with a female genital tract factor that induces expression of HIV-1. AIDS, 13(14), 1905-12.
Journal Article
The relative value of CD4 cell count and quantitative HIV-1 RNA in predicting survival in HIV-1-infected women: results of the women's interagency HIV study
AIDS
1999
10-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10509574
OBJECTIVES: To determine factors associated with survival and to assess the relative strength of CD4 cell count and HIV-1 RNA in predicting survival in a cohort of HIV-1-infected women. DESIGN: Prospective cohort, enrolled during 1994-1995, with median follow-up of 29 months RESULTS: Of 1769 HIV-infected women 252 died. In multivariate analyses, lower CD4 cell count, higher quantitative plasma HIV-1 RNA, and the presence of a self-reported AIDS-defining (Class C) condition were significantly associated with shorter survival: the relative hazard (RH) of dying was 1.17, 3.27, and 8.46, respectively for women with baseline CD4 cell count of 200-349, 50-199, and < 50 x 10(6) cells/l, compared with women with CD4 cell count of > or = 350 x 10(6) cells/l. Compared with women with HIV-1 RNA levels of < 4000 copies/ml plasma, the RH of dying for women with baseline quantitative HIV-1 RNA measurements of 4000-20,000, 20,000-100,000, 100,000-500,000 and > 500,000 copies/ml, was 2.19, 2.17, 3.16,
10.1097/00002030-199909100-00016
10509574
*CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Female Follow-Up Studies HIV Infections/immunology/*mortality/virology HIV-1/*isolation & purification Humans Multivariate Analysis Prognosis Proportional Hazards Models Prospective Studies RNA, Viral/*blood Survival Rate
K. K. Anastos, L. A., Hessol, N., Weiser, B., Melnick, S., Burns, D., Delapenha, R., DeHovitz, J., Cohen, M., Meyer, W., Bremer, J., Kovacs, A. (1999). The relative value of CD4 cell count and quantitative HIV-1 RNA in predicting survival in HIV-1-infected women: results of the women's interagency HIV study. AIDS, 13(13), 1717-26.
Journal Article
Prognostic value of plasma HIV RNA in the natural history of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, cytomegalovirus and Mycobacterium avium complex. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
AIDS
1999
25-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10199224
OBJECTIVES: To use follow-up on untreated HIV-positive men to assess the prognostic information provided by baseline data on plasma HIV RNA, CD4 cell count, age, and HIV-related symptom status, separately for three specific AIDS-defining illnesses: Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). METHODS: The study population were 734 HIV-positive homosexual men enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, with follow-up (1984-1985 through mid-1988) restricted to the antiretroviral treatment-free and prophylaxis-free era. Baseline marker values were categorized and assessed as predictor variables in separate time-to-event analyses for each of the three specific outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 138 cases of PCP, 25 cases of CMV, and 25 cases of MAC were observed. For PCP and CMV, higher categories of HIV RNA and lower categories of CD4 cell count were associated with increased risk relative to the respective reference groups. For MAC, or
10.1097/00002030-199902250-00006
10199224
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/*physiopathology Adult CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Cytomegalovirus Infections/physiopathology Disease Progression HIV/isolation & purification HIV Infections/*physiopathology Humans Male Mycobacterium avium Complex Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection/physiopathology Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/physiopathology Prognosis RNA, Viral/*blood Regression Analysis Risk Factors *Viral Load Viremia/virology
R. H. C. Lyles, C., Mellors, J. W., Margolick, J. B., Detels, R., Giorgi, J. V., Al-Shboul, Q., Phair, J. P. (1999). Prognostic value of plasma HIV RNA in the natural history of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, cytomegalovirus and Mycobacterium avium complex. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. AIDS, 13(3), 341-9.
Journal Article
Sexual, contraceptive, and drug use behaviors of women with HIV and those at high risk for infection: results from the Women's Interagency HIV Study
AIDS
1999
1-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10203384
OBJECTIVE: To document the sexual and contraceptive practices of women with HIV infection or who are at risk for infection. DESIGN: Data on the baseline behaviors of 561 HIV-negative and 2040 HIV-positive women were collected as part of the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). WIHS is a multisite, longitudinal study following the natural history of HIV infection among women in the United States. METHODS: Each participant contributed an interviewer administered, self-report interview including questions on sexual and contraceptive behavior. RESULTS: Women with HIV were less likely to report heterosexual activity in the previous 6 months (65% HIV-positive, 76% HIV-negative). Among sexually active women, there were no differences in the proportion of those reporting vaginal (97% HIV-positive, 98% HIV-negative) or anal sex (12% HIV-positive, 10% HIV-negative), although women with HIV were less likely to report cunnilingus (41% HIV-positive, 70% HIV-negative) and fellatio (48% HIV-positive
10.1097/00002030-199904010-00008
10203384
Adolescent Adult Condoms *Contraception Cross-Sectional Studies Female HIV Infections/epidemiology/*psychology Humans Longitudinal Studies Middle Aged Risk Factors *Sexual Behavior *Substance-Related Disorders United States/epidemiology
T. E. M. Wilson, L. S., Riester, K. A., Barkan, S., Richardson, J., Young, M., Gurtman, A., Greenblatt, R. (1999). Sexual, contraceptive, and drug use behaviors of women with HIV and those at high risk for infection: results from the Women's Interagency HIV Study. AIDS, 13(5), 591-8.
Journal Article
Predictors of long-term maintenance of safer sex and lapse/relapse: A nine-year follow-up of the Chicago CCS/MACS cohort
AIDS Behav
1999
1999
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1025489402346
Understanding the antecedents of long-term patterns of sexual risk behavior is important for HIV/AIDS prevention research. This study assessed various psychosocial and demographic predictors of safer anal intercourse maintenance and of lapses to unsafe sex between 1984 and 1993 among 906 homosexually active men from the Chicago Coping & Change Study/ MACS cohort. Semiannual self-reports of sexual activities were used to classify anal intercourse behavior patterns over a series of 2-year intervals. Two sorts of safer sex were evaluated: (1) definite safety, consistent condom use with all partners or abstinence and (2) modified safety, a broader standard that also included unprotected anal intercourse limited to a monogamous relationship. Results showed that the percentage of men who maintained definitely safe behavior increased from 16% of participants after the first 2 years of study to almost 63% during the 8th and 9th years (38% to 82% rates for modified safety). Lapses from definite
anal intercourse Chicago cohort Coping and Change Study demographics follow-up Hiv HIV/AIDS Homosexuality lapse/relapse MACS maintenance MSM predictor predictors psychosocial research Risk Risk-Taking safer sex sex sexual sexual activity sexual risk behavior study behavior prevention coping change Safety condom marker behavior change age Personality
W. O. DiFranceisco, D.G., Adib, S.M., Chmiel, J.S., Hoffmann, R.G. (1999). Predictors of long-term maintenance of safer sex and lapse/relapse: A nine-year follow-up of the Chicago CCS/MACS cohort. AIDS Behav, 3(4), 325-334.
Journal Article
AIDS diagnosis and depression in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study: the ameliorating impact of pet ownership
AIDS Care
1999
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10474619
The impact of pet ownership on depression was tested among a sample of gay and bisexual men (n = 1,872). Multivariate analyses, controlling for demographics and baseline depressive symptomatology, showed that neither pet ownership nor the presence of HIV infection was associated with depression. Depression was influenced by the presence of AIDS and by having relatively few confidants. Analyses among HIV-infected men only showed that persons with AIDS who owned pets reported less depression than persons with AIDS who did not own pets. This beneficial effect of pet ownership occurred principally among persons who reported fewer confidants. These results suggest that by enhancing companionship for some HIV-infected persons, pets may buffer the stressful impact of AIDS.
10.1080/09540129948054
10474619
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/psychology Adult Animals *Animals, Domestic Bonding, Human-Pet Cohort Studies Depressive Disorder/*psychology HIV Infections/*psychology Humans Interpersonal Relations Male Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis
J. M. A. Siegel, F. J., Detels, R., Wesch, J., Mullen, A. (1999). AIDS diagnosis and depression in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study: the ameliorating impact of pet ownership. AIDS Care, 11(2), 157-70.
Journal Article
Delivery of liposome-encapsulated HIV type 1 proteins to human dendritic cells for stimulation of HIV type 1-specific memory cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
1999
20-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10445813
An important aspect of vaccine development involves delivery of antigens to antigen-presenting cells for the induction of potent antigen-specific T lymphocyte responses. We investigated the effect of a cationic liposome, lipofectin, on delivery of whole proteins to human dendritic cells (DCs) derived from blood mononuclear cells by culture in interleukin 4 and granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor for stimulation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific memory cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. Delivery of HIV-1 Gag, Pol, and Env proteins to DCs by lipofectin stimulated greater anti-HIV-1 memory CTL responses in cells from HIV-1-infected subjects than those induced by DCs loaded with protein alone. The CTLs were CD8+ and HLA class I restricted. Antigen presentation was enhanced by chloroquine, but blocked by brefeldin A and peptide aldehyde inhibitors of proteasomes, indicating that the classic MHC class I cytosolic pathway was used for processing and prese
10.1089/088922299310520
10445813
Adult Antigen Presentation/drug effects Antiviral Agents/pharmacology Brefeldin A/pharmacology Cells, Cultured Chloroquine/pharmacology Cohort Studies Dendritic Cells/drug effects/*virology *hiv-1 Homosexuality, Male Humans *Immunologic Memory/drug effects Liposomes Male T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/drug effects/*immunology/virology Viral Proteins/*administration & dosage/immunology
L. H. Zheng, X. L., Fan, Z., Borowski, L., Wilson, C. C., Rinaldo, C. R., Jr. (1999). Delivery of liposome-encapsulated HIV type 1 proteins to human dendritic cells for stimulation of HIV type 1-specific memory cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 15(11), 1011-20.
Journal Article
Prevalence and incidence of gynecologic disorders among women infected with human immunodeficiency virus
Am J Obstet Gynecol
1999
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10203650/
10.1016/s0002-9378(99)70653-8
10203650
H. L. E.-M. Minkoff, Debra, Feldman, Joseph, Burk, Robert, Clarke, Lorraine (1999). Prevalence and incidence of gynecologic disorders among women infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 180(4), 824-836.
Journal Article
Dental care access and use among HIV-infected women
Am J Public Health
1999
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10358671
OBJECTIVES: This study sought to identify predictors of dental care use in HIV-infected women. METHODS: In a cross-sectional survey of HIV-infected women enrolled in the northern California site of the Women's Interagency HIV Study, dental care use and unmet need were assessed in relation to selected variables. RESULTS: Among 213 respondents, who were predominantly Black and younger than 45 years, 43% had not seen a dentist and 53% (among dentate women) reported no dental cleaning in more than a year (although 67% had dental insurance coverage, mainly state Medicaid). Nine percent were edentulous. Among nonusers of dental care, 78% reported that they wanted care but failed to get it. Barriers included fear of and discomfort with dentists, not getting around to making an appointment, and not knowing which dentist to visit. Multivariate analysis showed that lack of past-year dental care was associated mainly with unemployment, a perception of poor oral health, and edentulism. CONCLUSIONS
10.2105/ajph.89.6.834
10358671
PMC1508645
Adult Age Factors Causality Continental Population Groups Cross-Sectional Studies Dental Care for Chronically Ill/*statistics & numerical data Female HIV Infections/*psychology Health Care Surveys Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice Health Services Accessibility/*statistics & numerical data Humans Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis Needs Assessment Patient Acceptance of Health Care/*psychology San Francisco Socioeconomic Factors Surveys and Questionnaires Women/education/*psychology
C. H. P. Shiboski, H., Neuhaus, J. M., Greenblatt, R. M. (1999). Dental care access and use among HIV-infected women. Am J Public Health, 89(6), 834-9. PMC1508645
Journal Article
Meeting primary oral health care needs of HIV-infected women
Am J Public Health
1999
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10358667
10.2105/ajph.89.6.818
10358667
PMC1508649
Dental Care for Chronically Ill/*organization & administration Female Forecasting HIV Infections/*complications Health Services Accessibility/*organization & administration Health Services Needs and Demand/*organization & administration Humans *Oral Health Primary Health Care/*organization & administration United States *Women's Health
G. P. Zabos (1999). Meeting primary oral health care needs of HIV-infected women. Am J Public Health, 89(6), 818-9. PMC1508649
Journal Article
Cerebrospinal fluid levels of MMP-2, 7, and 9 are elevated in association with human immunodeficiency virus dementia
Ann Neurol
1999
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10482270
Pathological evidence suggests that alterations of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) may occur in association with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) dementia (HIVD). Increased BBB permeability could contribute to the development of dementia by facilitating the entry of activated and infected monocytes, as well as potentially toxic serum proteins, into the central nervous system. One mechanism by which BBB permeability may be altered is through increased activity of select matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In the present study, we examined the possibility that MMPs that target critical BBB proteins, including laminin, entactin, and collagen type IV, are elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with HIVD. We also examined the possibility that such MMPs could be produced by brain-derived cells, and that MMP production by these cells might be increased by tumor necrosis factor-alpha, an inflammatory cytokine that is produced by HIV-infected monocytes/microglia and is elevated in
10.1002/1531-8249(199909)46:3<391::aid-ana15>3.0.co;2-0
10482270
AIDS Dementia Complex/*cerebrospinal fluid Blotting, Western Cells, Cultured Collagenases/*cerebrospinal fluid Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Gelatinases/*cerebrospinal fluid Humans Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 Matrix Metalloproteinase 7 Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Metalloendopeptidases/*cerebrospinal fluid Prospective Studies
K. M. Conant, J. C., Griffin, D. E., Sjulson, L., Wahl, L. M., Irani, D. N. (1999). Cerebrospinal fluid levels of MMP-2, 7, and 9 are elevated in association with human immunodeficiency virus dementia. Ann Neurol, 46(3), 391-8.
Journal Article
Site-directed mutagenesis using uracil-containing double-stranded DNA templates and DpnI digestion
Biotechniques
1999
Oct-99
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10524315
DpnI can cleave fully methylated parental DNA while leaving hemi- methylated DNA intact. Based on this observation, we developed a rapid site-directed mutagenesis method using uracil-containing, double- stranded (ds)DNA templates and DpnI digestion. A 38% mutation efficiency was achieved by DpnI treatment of the mutagenic strand- extension reaction, and it increased to 70%-91% when uracil-containing dsDNA templates were used. This method compares favorably to the most efficient current methods, but is simpler and does not require the use of single-stranded templates or phage vectors
10.2144/99274st03
10524315
Adenine analysis chemistry Deoxyribonucleases,Type II Site-Specific Dna DNA Methylation Escherichia coli Genetic Vectors genetics metabolism methods Mutagenesis,Site-Directed Mutation Plasmids Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. Templates United States Uracil Viral Proteins
F. L. Li, S.L., Mullins, J.I. (1999). Site-directed mutagenesis using uracil-containing double-stranded DNA templates and DpnI digestion. Biotechniques, 27(4), 734-738.
Journal Article
High prevalence of antibodies against HERV-K10 in patients with testicular cancer but not with AIDS
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
1999
Apr-99
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10207631
Human endogenous retrovirus K10 (HERV-K10) env and gag expression has been detected in placenta, embryonic tissue, and cell lines. By transfection, these sequences have been expressed in insect cells and developed into serological assays, revealing HERV-K10 antibodies in patients with testicular cancer. Patients with AIDS are at an increased risk for testicular cancer and frequently reactivate latent infections. We postulated that HERV-K10 seroprevalence might be increased with HIV infection or AIDS. Stored, frozen serum samples from 52 patients with testicular cancer (8 patients with HIV and 30 patients with samples near the time of diagnosis) and 84 controls (40 patients with HIV) were diluted 1:40 and tested by immunofluorescence against SF158 cells transfected with HERV-K10 env [ENV1.9(+)] or gag (pACGAG). Seroprevalence rates were compared cross-sectionally in cases and controls, excluding those with indeterminate results (3 of 30 cases and 7 of 84 controls), and also were examine
10207631
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Adult Aged AIDS analysis Antibodies Antibodies,Viral antibody Case-Control Studies Cell Line Comparative Study control Cross-Sectional Studies diagnosis epidemiology Fluorescent Antibody Technique Gene Products,gag genetics Hiv HIV Antibodies HIV infection HIV Infections Human immunology infection infections Male Middle Age Prevalence Retroviridae Risk Risk Assessment Seminoma Sensitivity and Specificity Seroepidemiologic Studies Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. Testicular Neoplasms therapy United States
J. J. S. Goedert, M.E., Jacobson, L.P., Vessella, R.L., Hilgartner, M.W., Leitman, S.F., Fraser, M.C., Mueller-Lantzsch, N.G. (1999). High prevalence of antibodies against HERV-K10 in patients with testicular cancer but not with AIDS. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 8(4 Pt 1), 293-296.
Journal Article
Serum soluble CD23 level correlates with subsequent development of AIDS-related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
1999
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10566552
The cytokine soluble CD23 (sCD23) has been shown to act as a B cell growth factor and to be elevated in serum prior to development of AIDS-related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (AIDS NHL). To further characterize the elevation of serum sCD23 in AIDS NHL patients and investigate its potential as a diagnostic test, a matched case-control study of AIDS NHL (n = 101) was nested within the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Serum sCD23 was measured in cases' and controls' serum specimens at three different time periods (0-6, 6-12, and 12-18 months) and CD4+ thresholds (0-99, 100-199, and 200-299 cells/microl) prior to the case's NHL diagnosis. Changes in serum sCD23 over time were examined in AIDS NHL cases relative to controls, and t tests were performed to determine whether cases' serum sCD23 exceeded that of controls at each time period and CD4+ threshold. Overall, cases' median serum sCD23 levels were approximately double those of controls. Serum sCD23 concentration was positively correlated with
10566552
Adult Biomarkers/blood Case-Control Studies Cohort Studies Cytokines/*analysis/biosynthesis Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Homosexuality, Male Humans Immunoglobulin E/analysis/*blood Incidence Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/*diagnosis/epidemiology Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/*diagnosis/epidemiology Male Prospective Studies Receptors, IgE/analysis/*blood Reference Values Sensitivity and Specificity
J. R. S. Schroeder, A. J., Hoover, D. R., Margolick, J. B., Ambinder, R. F., Martinez-Maza, O., Breen, E. C., Jacobson, L. P., Variakojis, D., Rowe, D. T., Armenian, H. K. (1999). Serum soluble CD23 level correlates with subsequent development of AIDS-related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 8(11), 979-84.
Journal Article
Reduced risk of AIDS lymphoma in individuals heterozygous for the CCR5- D32 mutation
Cancer Res
1999
8/1/1999
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10446961
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) has been increasing in frequency in the industrialized world, but the environmental and genetic factors that contribute to susceptibility are not known. B-cell lymphomas represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected individuals. The identification of a deletion in the CCR5 chemokine receptor gene that alters the risk for infection and progression to AIDS led us to examine a potential role of this gene in AIDS lymphoma. A matched case- control analysis was performed using all eligible NHL cases in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Patients were matched for age, study center, time AIDS-free, and slope of the CD4+ T-cell decline. The CCR5- delta32 allele was found to be associated with a 3-fold lower risk of NHL among individuals after controlling for time of infection and progression toward AIDS. The CCR5 gene was not associated with a difference in risk for Kaposi's sarcoma, another common malignancy in AIDS patients, or opportunistic i
10446961
Adult AIDS AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections analysis B-Lymphocytes Case-Control Studies Caucasoid Race Cohort Studies cohort study drug effects epidemiology Gene Frequency Genetic Predisposition to Disease genetics Hiv-1 Human human herpesvirus infection infections Kaposi's sarcoma KS Laboratories lymphoma Lymphoma,AIDS-Related Male mortality Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Multicenter Studies Mutation non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Opportunistic Infections pathology pharmacology physiology Point Mutation Rantes Receptors,CCR5 Risk Sarcoma,Kaposi Sequence Deletion study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate United States
M. J. Dean, L.P., McFarlane, G., Margolick, J.B., Jenkins, F.J., Howard, O.M.Z., Dong, H.F., Goedert, J.J., Buchbinder, S., Gomperts, E., Vlahov, D., Oppenheim, J.J., O'Brien, S.J., Carrington, M. (1999). Reduced risk of AIDS lymphoma in individuals heterozygous for the CCR5- D32 mutation. Cancer Res, 59(15), 3561-3564.
Journal Article
Viability and recovery of peripheral blood mononuclear cells cryopreserved for up to 12 years in a multicenter study
Clin Diagn Lab Immunol
1999
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9874657
The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), an ongoing prospective study of the natural history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), has stored biologic specimens, including peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), from 5,622 participants for up to 12 years. The purpose of the present analysis was to evaluate the quality of the PBMC in the MACS repository in order to test the validity and feasibility of nested retrospective studies and to guide the planning of future repositories. PBMC were collected from MACS participants at four centers at 6-month intervals from 1984 to 1995, cryopreserved, and transported to a central repository for storage. A total of 596 of these specimens were subsequently tested for viability and used to evaluate cell function, to conduct immunophenotype analysis, or to isolate HIV. Simple linear regression models were applied to evaluate trends in recovery and viability over time and by center. Results indicated that from a nominal 10(7) cells cryopreserved p
9874657
PMC95653
*Blood Preservation CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cell Survival Cohort Studies *Cryopreservation HIV Infections/blood/immunology/virology Humans *Leukocytes, Mononuclear/cytology Prospective Studies Time Factors
C. A. L. Kleeberger, R. H., Margolick, J. B., Rinaldo, C. R., Phair, J. P., Giorgi, J. V. (1999). Viability and recovery of peripheral blood mononuclear cells cryopreserved for up to 12 years in a multicenter study. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol, 6(1), 14-9. PMC95653
Journal Article
Variables that affect assays for plasma cytokines and soluble activation markers
Clin Diagn Lab Immunol
1999
Jan
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9874670/
Cytokines and soluble immune activation markers that reflect cytokine activities in vivo are increasingly being measured in plasma, serum, and other body fluids. They provide useful diagnostic and prognostic information as well as insight into disease pathogenesis. Assays of neopterin, beta 2-microglobulin, soluble interleukin-2 receptor, and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor type II as well as of the cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) were evaluated by using serum and plasma samples of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and HIV-negative subjects. Many factors were found to influence the outcomes of these assays. Substantial differences in apparent levels of analytes were frequently found when enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits from different manufacturers were used. In some cases, differences were found in the standards provided by separate manufacturers. Furthermore, the analytic results from different lots of ELISA kits s
9874670
PMC95666
tumor-necrosis-factor immunodeficiency-virus type-1 commercial elisa-kits alpha tnf-alpha hiv-infection international standard biological-activity interferon-gamma human serum receptors
N. N. Aziz, P., Mitsuyasu, R., Detels, R., Fahey, J. L. (1999). Variables that affect assays for plasma cytokines and soluble activation markers. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol, 6(1), 89-95. PMC95666
Journal Article
Regulation of CCR5 and CXCR4 expression by type 1 and type 2 cytokines: CCR5 expression is downregulated by IL-10 in CD4-positive lymphocytes
Clin Immunol
1999
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10370370
HIV-1 transmission and disease progression is, in general, characterized by initial predominance of macrophage tropic, non-syncytium-inducing strains followed by a switch to T-cell tropic, syncytium-inducing strains. Using sensitive, quantitative kinetic RT-PCR, we examined cytokine regulation of tropism-specific HIV-1 coreceptor expression in PBMCs from HIV-1-seronegative individuals. Proinflammatory (TNF-alpha and IL-12) and type 1 cytokines (IFN-gamma and IL-2) significantly upregulated CCR5 (wt allele) mRNA expression in CCR5 homozygous wild-type (wt/wt) and heterozygous individuals (wt/del) (P < 0.02). CCR5 (wt) mRNA expression in unstimulated PBMCs was significantly increased in wt/wt individuals compared to that of wt/del individuals (P < 0.01). In wt/del individuals, del CCR5 mRNA was expressed at 10-fold greater levels than wt CCR5 mRNA in unstimulated PBMCs from the same individual. Flow cytometry confirmed that upregulated CCR5 mRNA following type 1 cytokine stimulation lead
10.1006/clim.1999.4713
10370370
Base Sequence CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology Cells, Cultured Cytokines/pharmacology DNA Primers/genetics Down-Regulation/drug effects HIV Infections/etiology/genetics/immunology HIV-1/*immunology/*pathogenicity Humans Interleukin-10/*pharmacology Kinetics RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism Receptors, CCR5/*genetics Receptors, CXCR4/*genetics Th1 Cells/immunology Th2 Cells/immunology Virulence/immunology
B. K. C. Patterson, M., Andersson, J., Sullivan, Y., Su, F., Jiyamapa, D., Burki, Z., Landay, A. (1999). Regulation of CCR5 and CXCR4 expression by type 1 and type 2 cytokines: CCR5 expression is downregulated by IL-10 in CD4-positive lymphocytes. Clin Immunol, 91(3), 254-62.
Journal Article
Aberrant expression of CD27 and soluble CD27 (sCD27) in HIV infection and in AIDS-associated lymphoma
Clin Immunol
1999
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10527687
CD27 is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily that is expressed primarily on T cells, as well as on subsets of B cells and NK cells. CD70, which is expressed on activated B and T cells, but not on resting lymphocytes, is a ligand for CD27. Cell surface CD27 can be proteolytically cleaved to produce a 32-kDa soluble CD27 (sCD27) molecule. Elevated levels of sCD27 are seen in a number of disease states and malignancies. Although it has been reported that cerebrospinal fluid sCD27 levels were elevated in people who had AIDS dementia, little is known about CD27 expression in HIV disease. To determine if sCD27 levels were elevated in those with HIV infection, and/or in those with AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (AIDS-NHL), sCD27 levels were measured in HIV-negative and HIV-positive subjects as well as in people who developed AIDS-NHL. Serum sCD27 levels were seen to be elevated in HIV+ subjects. Furthermore, sCD27 levels were particularly elevated in those subjec
10.1006/clim.1999.4782
10527687
*Antigens, CD B-Lymphocytes/immunology/metabolism CD27 Ligand HIV Infections/*blood/immunology Humans Ligands Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/blood/immunology Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/*blood/immunology Membrane Proteins/biosynthesis Risk Factors Solubility Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 7/*biosynthesis/*blood
D. G. Widney, G., Said, J. W., van der Meijden, M., Bonavida, B., Demidem, A., Trevisan, C., Taylor, J., Detels, R., Martinez-Maza, O. (1999). Aberrant expression of CD27 and soluble CD27 (sCD27) in HIV infection and in AIDS-associated lymphoma. Clin Immunol, 93(2), 114-23.
Journal Article
The development of AIDS-associated Burkitt's/Small noncleaved cell lymphoma is preceded by elevated serum levels of interleukin 6
Clin Immunol
1999
Sep
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10479534/
B cell hyperactivation accompanies HIV infection and is believed to contribute to the increased incidence of B cell lymphoma in persons with AIDS. To examine B cell activation which precedes the development of AIDS-associated lymphoma, we measured levels of two B cell stimulatory molecules, soluble CD23 (sCD23) and interleukin 6 (IL6), in the serum of HIV-infected individuals prior to the diagnosis of lymphoma. Serum sCD23 was elevated in those subjects who developed lymphoma, compared to AIDS, HTV+, and HIV- controls (P = 0.001). Serum IL6 was significantly elevated in subjects who developed Burkitt's/ small noncleaved cell lymphoma (BL/SNC, P = 0.01), but not in those subjects who developed large cell, immunoblastic, or central nervous system lymphomas, compared to CD4-matched AIDS controls who did not have lymphoma. These results suggest that lymphomagenesis of the BL/SNC subtype of AIDS lymphoma reflects B cell hyperactivation of a different nature from that which precedes other su
10.1006/clim.1999.4760
10479534
aids burkitt's il6 lymphoma scd23 acquired-immunodeficiency-syndrome non-hodgkins-lymphoma human b-lymphocytes heavy-chain gene kaposis-sarcoma soluble cd23 virus infection hiv-infection activation cohort
E. C. v. d. M. Breen, M., Cumberland, W., Kishimoto, T., Detels, R., Martinez-Maza, O. (1999). The development of AIDS-associated Burkitt's/Small noncleaved cell lymphoma is preceded by elevated serum levels of interleukin 6. Clin Immunol, 92(3), 293-299.
Journal Article
Serum sCD23 level in patients with AIDS-related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is associated with absence of Epstein-Barr virus in tumor tissue
Clin Immunol
1999
Dec-99
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10600334
The cytokine soluble CD23 (sCD23) acts as a B cell growth factor and is associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. To elucidate the role sCD23 might play in the pathogenesis of AIDS-related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (AIDS NHL), 101 AIDS NHL patients from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study were studied. Serum sCD23 within 18 months prior to lymphoma diagnosis was measured for all patients and EBV in tumor tissue was ascertained for 49 patients. Tumor morphology and primary site were verified from pathology reports and tumor specimens. Bivariate tests and multivariate regression were employed to determine whether serum sCD23 correlated with tumor EBV, morphology, and primary site. Higher levels of serum sCD23 were associated with the absence of tumor EBV and with small noncleaved cell morphology. Thus, the serum sCD23 level does not appear to be mediated by EBV in these patients, but could be related to a pathogenetic mechanism of small noncleaved cell lymphoma
10.1006/clim.1999.4793
10600334
Adult AIDS AIDS-related Baltimore blood cohort Cohort Studies cohort study cytokine diagnosis EBV epidemiology Herpesvirus 4,Human Human immunology infection isolation & purification Lymphocyte Count lymphoma Lymphoma,AIDS-Related Lymphoma,Non-Hodgkin Male Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Multicenter Studies Multivariate Analysis non-Hodgkin's lymphoma pathology Receptors,IgE Solubility study Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. United States virology virus
J. R. S. Schroeder, A.J., Ambinder, R.F., Martinez-Maza, O., Breen, E.C., Variakojis, D., Margolick, J.B., Jacobson, L.P., Rowe, D.T., Hoover, D.R. (1999). Serum sCD23 level in patients with AIDS-related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is associated with absence of Epstein-Barr virus in tumor tissue. Clin Immunol, 93(3), 239-244.
Journal Article
The prognostic significance in HIV infection of immune activation represented by cell surface antigen and plasma activation marker changes
Clin Immunol
1999
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10080836
One hundred and eighteen HIV-infected homosexual men without AIDS and 40 control seronegative homosexual men were assessed for 23 parameters reflecting immune activation to determine prognostic significance for occurrence of AIDS. Samples cryopreserved in 1987-1989 were analyzed, with AIDS occurrence determined by mid-1992. Cell surface antigens assessed on the major lymphocyte subsets were HLA-DR, CD38, CD71, and CD25. Soluble serum molecules assessed were tumor necrosis factor alpha, soluble TNFalpha receptor II, soluble IL-2 receptor alpha, neopterin, and beta2-microglobulin. Using a proportional hazards model, prognostic markers included decreased CD4 number and percentage; increased sIL-2R, neopterin, and beta2M; increased percentage HLA-DR+ total lymphocytes and CD4+ cells; increased CD38+ total lymphocytes and CD8+ cells; increased CD71+ total lymphocytes and CD4+ cells; and decreased CD25+ total lymphocytes and CD19+ cells. After adjustment for CD4 cell levels, sIL-2R, neopteri
10.1006/clim.1998.4646
10080836
ADP-ribosyl Cyclase ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1 Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/etiology/immunology Adult Antigens, CD/metabolism Antigens, Differentiation/metabolism Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/metabolism Antigens, Surface/*metabolism Biomarkers/blood CD4 Lymphocyte Count Case-Control Studies HIV Infections/blood/*immunology HIV Seronegativity/immunology HLA-DR Antigens/metabolism Homosexuality Humans *Lymphocyte Activation Lymphocytes/*immunology Male Membrane Glycoproteins Middle Aged NAD+ Nucleosidase/metabolism Prognosis Proportional Hazards Models Receptors, Interleukin-2/metabolism Receptors, Transferrin
S. B. Plaeger, H. Z., Nishanian, P., Thomas, J., Aziz, N., Detels, R., King, J., Cumberland, W., Kemeny, M., Fahey, J. L. (1999). The prognostic significance in HIV infection of immune activation represented by cell surface antigen and plasma activation marker changes. Clin Immunol, 90(2), 238-46.
Journal Article
Human Herpesvirus 8 Infections
Curr Infect Dis Rep
1999
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11095800
Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) or Kaposi's sarcoma (KS)-associated herpesvirus is a recently identified virus that is associated with KS, multicentric Castleman's disease, and body cavity-based lymphomas. KS is the most common kind of cancer in AIDS patients and the initial AIDS-defining condition in over 20% of patients. HHV-8 DNA has now been detected in over 95% of KS tissue samples supporting the concept that HHV-8 has a causal role in KS. The discovery has opened new avenues for understanding the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of KS and related conditions.
10.1007/s11908-999-0031-5
11095800
R. M. Greenblatt (1999). Human Herpesvirus 8 Infections. Curr Infect Dis Rep, 1(3), 279-288.
Journal Article
Flow cytometric analysis of live cell proliferation and phenotype in populations with low viability
Cytometry
1999
1-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10554182
BACKGROUND: Combined analysis of DNA content and immunofluorescence on single cells by flow cytometry provides information on the proliferative response of subpopulations to stimuli in mixed cell preparations; however, in low-viability cell preparations, dead cells interfere with accurate flow cytometric data analysis because of nonspecific binding of antibodies and altered DNA-staining profiles. Light scatter differences between nonviable and viable cells are unreliable, particularly after the cell permeabilization step that is necessary for DNA staining. We developed a method for identification of nonviable cells by fluorescence in cell preparations that are stained simultaneously for cell surface or intracellular immunofluorescence and DNA content. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nonviable cells that have lost membrane integrity are identified by uptake of 7-amino-actinomycin D (7-AAD). Transfer of 7-AAD from stained nonviable cells to unstained viable cells after permeabilization is prevent
10.1002/(sici)1097-0320(19990101)35:1<64::aid-cyto9>3.3.co;2-p
10554182
Cell Death Cell Division Cell Survival Coloring Agents/analysis DNA, Neoplasm/*analysis Dactinomycin/analogs & derivatives/analysis Flow Cytometry/*methods Fluorescent Antibody Technique Fluorescent Dyes/analysis Humans Leukemia, T-Cell/genetics/pathology Leukocytes, Mononuclear/cytology Phenotype Propidium/analysis Pyronine/analysis Tumor Cells, Cultured/chemistry/cytology
I. F. Schmid, J., Uittenbogaart, C. H., Giorgi, J. V. (1999). Flow cytometric analysis of live cell proliferation and phenotype in populations with low viability. Cytometry, 35(1), 64-74.
Journal Article
Cell-associated infectious HIV-1 viral load as a predictor of clinical progression and survival among HIV-1 infected injection drug users and homosexual men
Eur J Epidemiol
1999
Feb-99
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10204638
Cell-associated infectious HIV-1 viral load was measured using semi- quantitative microculture techniques to determine its predictive capability for progression to AIDS or survival among HIV-1 infected injecting drug users (IDU) and homosexual men (HM). The authors followed 296 IDU and 240 HM from February 1992 through September 1995 for: (i) death, (ii) AIDS, and (iii) AIDS or bacterial infection. At baseline, viral load was quantified using microculture techniques to determine infectious units per million peripheral blood mononuclear cells (IUPM). Data were analyzed using standard statistical methods for survival analysis. Of the 536 total participants, 106 died (20%), and 98 of the 481 AIDS-free participants developed AIDS (20%). The relative hazard of AIDS for a viral load of > or = 100 IUPM, relative to a negative culture (0 IUPM), was 6.73 (95% CI: 2.23-20.3) after adjusting for risk group, initial CD4+ count, and other covariates. The adjusted relative hazard of death for a vira
10.1023/a:1007556327269
10204638
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Adult AIDS AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections analysis Bacterial Infections Baltimore blood Cause of Death CD4 Lymphocyte Count CD4+ clinical Cohort Studies Confidence Intervals diagnosis Disease Progression drug users epidemiology Female Follow-Up Studies HIV Infections Hiv-1 homosexual homosexual men Homosexuality,Male Human immune Immunocompromised Host infection Leukocytes,Mononuclear Male methods Multicenter Studies physiopathology Predictive Value of Tests predictor progression Proportional Hazards Models Risk Risk Factors study Substance Abuse,Intravenous Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. Survival Analysis Survival Rate Viral Load Viremia virology
C. M. G. Lyles, N.M.H., Astemborski, J., Vlahov, D., Margolick, J.B., Saah, A.J., Farzadegan, H. (1999). Cell-associated infectious HIV-1 viral load as a predictor of clinical progression and survival among HIV-1 infected injection drug users and homosexual men. Eur J Epidemiol, 15(2), 99-108.
Journal Article
Negative HIV-specific expectancies and AIDS-related bereavement as predictors of symptom onset in asymptomatic HIV-positive gay men
Health Psychol
1999
Jul-99
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10431936
This study examined negative HIV-related expectancies, AIDS-related bereavement, and the interaction of expectancies and bereavement as predictors of the onset of significant HIV-related symptoms among previously asymptomatic HIV-positive gay men. From a longitudinal psychobiological investigation, 72 men were selected who had been HIV- positive and asymptomatic from study entry (approximately 3 years). Participants were followed for an additional 2 1/2 to 3 1/2 years after psychosocial assessment, with symptom status assessed every 6 months. The interaction of negative HIV-specific expectancies and bereavement was a significant predictor of symptom onset. Negative HIV-specific expectancies predicted the subsequent development of symptoms among bereaved men, controlling for immunological status, use of zidovudine, high-risk sexual behavior, substance use, and depression
10.1037//0278-6133.18.4.354
10431936
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Adaptation,Psychological Adult AIDS-related Attitude to Health Bereavement CD4 Lymphocyte Count Comparative Study Depression Hiv HIV Infections Homosexuality,Male Human longitudinal Los Angeles Male Middle Age Predictive Value of Tests predictor predictors Prognosis Prospective Studies psychology psychosocial sexual sexual behavior study substance use Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. United States Zidovudine
G. M. K. Reed, M.E., Taylor, S.E., Visscher, B.R. (1999). Negative HIV-specific expectancies and AIDS-related bereavement as predictors of symptom onset in asymptomatic HIV-positive gay men. Health Psychol, 18(4), 354-363.
Journal Article
Psychosocial and neuropsychiatric dysfunction
HIV/AIDS. A Guide to Primary Care Management
1999
HIV/AIDS management neuropsychiatry psychosocial
Book Section
Genetics of HIV-1 infection: chemokine receptor CCR5 polymorphism and its consequences
Hum Mol Genet
1999
1999
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10469847
The chemokine receptor gene, CCR5, has become a central theme in studies of host genetic effects on HIV-1 pathogenesis ever since the discovery that the CCR5 molecule serves as a major cell surface co-receptor for the virus. A growing number of genetic variants within the coding and 5' regulatory region of CCR5 have been identified, several of which have functional consequences for HIV-1 pathogenesis. Here we review the CCR5 literature describing CCR5 polymorphism and the functional ramifications that several of these variants have on HIV-1 infection and progression to AIDS. The multiplicity of CCR5 genetic effects on HIV-1 disease underscores the critical importance of this gene in controlling AIDS pathogenesis and provides the logic for develop-ment of therapeutic strategies that target the interaction of HIV-1 envelope and CCR5 in HIV-1 associated disease.
10.1093/hmg/8.10.1939
10469847
Genetic Variation/genetics HIV Infections/*genetics/*metabolism *HIV-1/metabolism Humans Linkage Disequilibrium/genetics Mutation/genetics Open Reading Frames/genetics Polymorphism, Genetic/*genetics Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics Receptors, CCR5/*genetics/*metabolism
M. D. Carrington, M., Martin, M. P., O'Brien, S. J. (1999). Genetics of HIV-1 infection: chemokine receptor CCR5 polymorphism and its consequences. Hum Mol Genet, 8(10), 1939-45.
Journal Article
Detailed immunophenotype of CD8+ memory cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) against HIV-1 with respect to expression of CD45RA/RO, CD62L and CD28 antigens
Immunol Lett
1999
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10203041
We have previously reported that circulating effector cytotoxic CD8+ T-lymphocytes (CTLs) against HIV-1 express CD38 and HLA-DR activation antigens. In this study, we performed two series of FACS sorts to phenotype and characterize precursors of CTL effectors. First we looked at memory CTL activity against HIV-1 stimulated by antigen as well as CTL activity stimulated by CD3 mAb with regard to whether the precursors expressed CD45RA and/or CD62L. We found that the precursor cells that could be stimulated with antigen to become effectors within 7 days predominated in the CD45RA CD62L subset. However. in donors with low levels of CD8+ T-cell activation as measured by CD38 antigen expression, memory cells could also be found in the CD45RA+ CD62L+ subset. Our data indicate that reversion of memory cells to the CD45RA+ CD62L+ phenotype can occur in humans, especially in donors with low levels of virus replication and minimal CD8 + T-cell activation. Next, we looked at CD28 expression with r
10.1016/s0165-2478(98)00170-9
10203041
CD28 Antigens/*immunology HIV Infections/*immunology HIV-1/*immunology Humans Immunologic Memory/*immunology Immunophenotyping L-Selectin/*immunology Leukocyte Common Antigens/*immunology Male T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/classification/*immunology
J. V. H. Giorgi, M. A., Hultin, L. E. (1999). Detailed immunophenotype of CD8+ memory cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) against HIV-1 with respect to expression of CD45RA/RO, CD62L and CD28 antigens. Immunol Lett, 66(3-Jan), 105-10.
Journal Article
The cost-effectiveness of prophylaxis for Mycobacterium avium complex in AIDS
Int J Technol Assess Health Care
1999
Summer
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10874380
OBJECTIVE: To develop a simulation model to project costs, life expectancy, and cost-effectiveness in discounted dollars per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) saved for clinical strategies to prevent Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) in patients with AIDS. METHODS: We used natural history data from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, efficacy and toxicity data from randomized clinical trials, and cost data from the AIDS Cost and Services Utilization Survey. The model permits timing of prophylaxis to be stratified by CD4 count (201-300, 101-200, 51-100, and < or = 50/mm3), and allows combinations of prophylaxis, crossover to second- and third-line agents for toxicity, and consideration of adherence, resistance, and quality of life. RESULTS: The model projects that the average HIV-infected patient with a beginning CD4 count between 201 and 300/mm3 has total lifetime costs of approximately $43,150 and a quality-adjusted life expectancy of 42.35 months. If azithromycin prophylaxis for M. av
10874380
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/complications/*prevention & control Azithromycin/administration & dosage/therapeutic use Clarithromycin/administration & dosage/therapeutic use Cost-Benefit Analysis Drug Therapy, Combination/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use Humans Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection/complications/*prevention & control *Quality-Adjusted Life Years Rifabutin/administration & dosage/therapeutic use
J. A. P. Scharfstein, A. D., Weinstein, M. C., Seage, G. R., Losina, E., Craven, D. E., Freedberg, K. A. (1999). The cost-effectiveness of prophylaxis for Mycobacterium avium complex in AIDS. Int J Technol Assess Health Care, 15(3), 531-47.
Journal Article
HIV-1 RNA in plasma and genital tract secretions in women infected with HIV-1
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
1999
1-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10843525
To assess antiretroviral therapy, all compartments, including the genital tract, need to be evaluated. HIV-1 RNA was quantified in whole cervicovaginal lavage fluid (CVL) and plasma of 56 women and in the cellular and supernatant fractions of 27 of these women. Overall, we detected HIV-1 RNA in 59% of whole CVL samples and in 61% and 44% of cellular and supernatant fractions of the subset of women, respectively. Detectability of HIV-1 RNA in CVL increased with increasing level of plasma RNA in both unfractionated and cell-associated CVL components (p = .0004 and .002, respectively), but not in the cell-free fraction (p = .29). Mean HIV-1 RNA levels in CVL increased with decreasing CD4 counts (p = .002,) and with increasing plasma HIV-1 RNA (p < .001). Adjusted odds ratios (OR) for detectable CVL RNA were highest for women with CD4 counts <200 cells/mm3 (OR, 10.1; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.6-82.7; p = .02) and >50,000 copies/ml of plasma RNA (OR, 25.2; 95% CI, 3.2-554; p = .01). T
10.1097/00126334-199910010-00003
10843525
CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cervix Uteri Female Genital Diseases, Female/complications Genitalia, Female/*metabolism HIV Infections/complications/*virology HIV-1/*genetics Humans Prospective Studies RNA, Viral/*analysis/blood Therapeutic Irrigation Vagina
A. C. Kovacs, L. S., Chen, Z. C., Meyer, W. A., 3rd, Muderspach, L., Young, M., Anastos, K., Levine, A. M. (1999). HIV-1 RNA in plasma and genital tract secretions in women infected with HIV-1. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 22(2), 124-31.
Journal Article
Adherence to colposcopy among women with HIV infection
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
1999
1-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10770344
UNLABELLED: In the general population, nonadherence to the recommendation to have colposcopy in women with abnormal cytologic smears is estimated at 30% to 80%, but studies have failed to identify consistent risk factors for nonadherence. The purpose of this analysis is to assess adherence to colposcopy in a subset of participants in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), an ongoing multisite longitudinal study of HIV infection in women in the United States and determine factors associated with nonadherence. Identification of such predictors would be useful in designing strategies to improve adherence in this group. METHODS: Adherence to colposcopy was examined in a cohort of 462 women with, or at risk for, HIV infection with abnormal cervical cytology on entry into WIHS. Adherence was defined as having colposcopy done within 6 months of an abnormal cytology result. RESULTS: Overall adherence to colposcopy was 65% (302 of 462). A multivariate logistic regression model revealed that
10.1097/00126334-199911010-00005
10770344
Adult Cocaine-Related Disorders/complications Cohort Studies *Colposcopy/psychology Domestic Violence Female HIV Infections/complications/*therapy Humans *Patient Compliance Risk Factors Socioeconomic Factors Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/etiology/prevention & control
H. E. K. Cejtin, E., Massad, L. S., Korn, A., Schmidt, J. B., Eisenberger-Matiyahu, D., Stier, E. (1999). Adherence to colposcopy among women with HIV infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 22(3), 247-52.
Journal Article
Access to and utilization of primary care services among HIV-infected women
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
1999
1-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10428107
OBJECTIVES: To identify factors associated with the use of medical services, and to test a model of access to care, among HIV-infected women. METHODS: A cross-sectional telephone survey was administered to 213 HIV-infected women. Outcomes were having a primary care provider, and use of primary care and emergency health services. Predictors included characteristics of the population-at-risk and of the health care system. RESULTS: Ninety-three percent of respondents had a primary care provider. Linear regression found age >45 years (p = .002), perceiving greater barriers to getting to a clinic (p = .04) and greater benefits from medications (p = .03), lack of problems with appointment times (p = .02), having AIDS (p = .01), shorter appointment waiting times (p = .0003), and greater cost of travel to care (p = .001) were associated with a greater number of primary care visits. Thirty-seven percent missed at least 1 primary care appointment. In logistic regression, lack of insurance (odds
10.1097/00126334-199908010-00006
10428107
Adult Ambulatory Care California Cross-Sectional Studies Data Collection Emergency Medical Services/statistics & numerical data Female HIV Infections/*therapy *Health Services Accessibility Humans Middle Aged Outcome Assessment, Health Care Primary Health Care/*statistics & numerical data
H. S. Palacio, C. H., Yelin, E. H., Hessol, N. A., Greenblatt, R. M. (1999). Access to and utilization of primary care services among HIV-infected women. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 21(4), 293-300.
Journal Article
Prevalence of and risk factors for tuberculin positivity and skin test anergy in HIV-1-infected and uninfected at-risk women. Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS)
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
1999
1-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10360806
OBJECTIVES: To determine differences in rates of reactivity to purified protein derivative (PPD) tuberculin and of skin test anergy in relationship to serostatus, immune status, demographic characteristics, and other risk factors in women infected with or at high risk for infection with HIV-1; and to compare the usefulness of three different antigens in assessing delayed type hypersensitivity. DESIGN/METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis of baseline data in a multicenter prospective cohort study of 1343 HIV-1-seropositive and 390 seronegative but at-risk women recruited from sites of HIV primary care and through community-based outreach for a longitudinal cohort study. RESULTS: 4.7% of the 1343 HIV-1-seropositive women and 15.4% of the 390 HIV-seronegative women were tuberculin-positive (p < .001). A lower threshold in millimeters of induration for tuberculin reactivity among HIV-seropositive women resulted in a smaller difference between the seropositive and the seronegative groups. Even
10360806
Adult Analysis of Variance Antigens/immunology CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Demography Female HIV Infections/drug therapy/*immunology HIV Seronegativity/*immunology Humans Hypersensitivity, Delayed/*immunology *Immune Tolerance Prospective Studies Risk Factors Tuberculin/*immunology *Tuberculin Test
K. K. Anastos, L. A., Palacio, H., Benson, C. A., Delapenha, R., Chirgwin, K., Stonis, L., Telzak, E. E. (1999). Prevalence of and risk factors for tuberculin positivity and skin test anergy in HIV-1-infected and uninfected at-risk women. Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 21(2), 141-7.
Journal Article
Impact of potent antiretroviral therapy on the incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas among HIV-1-infected individuals. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
1999
8/1/1999
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10430217
Effective HIV-1 therapies may directly or indirectly impact the development of AIDS-associated malignancies. Using data from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, a longitudinal cohort study of the natural history of HIV-1 infection among homosexual men, the incidence rates of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) over calendar time were determined for the 1813 HIV-1-seropositive men enrolled in 1984 through 1985. Poisson regression models were used to identify statistically significant temporal trends. Nested case control studies were used to assess whether recent cases of these malignancies represented treatment breakthroughs. The incidence of KS as a presenting AIDS illness significantly (p = .003) declined from 25.6 cases per 1000 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI], 21.8-29.9) in the early 1990s to an average incidence of 7.5 per 1000 person-years (95% CI, 3.4-16.7) in 1996 through 1997. In contrast, the incidence of NHL has continued to increase significantly
10430217
administration & dosage AIDS AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections Anti-HIV Agents Baltimore Bisexuality cohort Cohort Studies cohort study control Disease drug therapy Drug Therapy,Combination epidemiology follow-up Herpesvirus 8,Human Hiv-1 HIV-1 infection HIV Infections homosexual homosexual men Homosexuality,Male Human immune Immune System Incidence infection Kaposi's sarcoma lymphoma Lymphoma,Non-Hodgkin Male Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Multicenter Studies natural history non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Sarcoma,Kaposi Seroepidemiologic Studies seropositive study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. therapy United States
L. P. Y. Jacobson, T.E., Detels, R., Margolick, J.B., Chmiel, J.S., Kingsley, L.A., Melnick, S., Muñoz, A. (1999). Impact of potent antiretroviral therapy on the incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas among HIV-1-infected individuals. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 21 Suppl 1(), S34-S41.
Journal Article
Bacterial vaginosis-associated microflora isolated from the female genital tract activates HIV-1 expression
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
1999
1-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10421242
Alteration of cervicovaginal microbial flora can lead to vaginosis, which is associated with an increased risk of HIV-1 transmission. We recently characterized a soluble HIV-inducing factor (HIF) from the cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples of women. The goals of this study were to determine the effect of cervicovaginal microflora on HIV-1 expression and to elucidate the relationship between HIF activity and microflora. Physiologically relevant microorganisms, Mycoplasma, diphtheroid-like bacteria, Gardnerella vaginalis, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Streptococcus constellatus, cultured from the CVL of a representative woman with a clinical condition of bacterial vaginosis and possessing HIF activity, induced HIV-1 expression. The magnitude of virus induction varied widely with the greatest stimulation induced by diphtheroid-like bacteria and Mycoplasma. The transcriptional induction by Mycoplasma was mediated by activation of the KB enhancer, an activation mechanism shared with HIF. A
10.1097/00126334-199907010-00003
10421242
Chemical Fractionation Enhancer Elements, Genetic Female *Gene Expression Regulation, Viral Genitalia, Female/*microbiology *HIV Long Terminal Repeat HIV-1/*genetics Humans Jurkat Cells Mycoplasma/metabolism/physiology NF-kappa B/metabolism Solubility Transcription Factor AP-1/metabolism Transcription, Genetic Vaginosis, Bacterial/microbiology
L. R. Al-Harthi, K. A., Olinger, G. G., Landay, A., Sha, B. E., Hashemi, F. B., Spear, G. T. (1999). Bacterial vaginosis-associated microflora isolated from the female genital tract activates HIV-1 expression. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 21(3), 194-202.
Journal Article
Prevalence and predictors of squamous cell abnormalities in Papanicolaou smears from women infected with HIV-1. Women's Interagency HIV Study Group
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
1999
1-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10235512
BACKGROUND: Cervical neoplasia occurs with increased frequency among women infected with HIV-1. OBJECTIVE: To characterize prevalence of and risk factors for abnormal cervical cytology among women with HIV and to compare them to uninfected women. METHODS: Baseline cervical cytology was obtained from 1713 women seropositive for HIV and 482 at-risk control women who were enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study, a multicenter prospective cohort study conducted in six U.S. cities. Associations with sociodemographic, medical, and sexual variables were assessed by Fisher's exact test, Mantel extension test, and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Cervical cytology was abnormal in 38.3% of HIV-infected women (atypical squamous cells of uncertain significance [ASCUS] 20.9%, low-grade squamous cells of uncertain significance [LSIL] 14.9%, high-grade squamous cells of uncertain significance [HSIL] 2.3%, cancer 0.2%) and 16.2% of HIV-uninfected women (ASCUS 12.7%, LSIL 2.3%, HSIL 1.2%, c
10.1097/00126334-199905010-00005
10235512
Adult Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/*epidemiology/etiology/pathology Case-Control Studies Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia/*epidemiology/etiology/pathology Cohort Studies DNA Probes, HPV Female HIV Seronegativity HIV Seropositivity/complications/*pathology *HIV-1/genetics Humans *Papanicolaou Test Papillomaviridae/isolation & purification Prevalence Prospective Studies RNA, Viral/analysis Risk Factors United States/epidemiology Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/*epidemiology/etiology/pathology *Vaginal Smears
L. S. R. Massad, K. A., Anastos, K. M., Fruchter, R. G., Palefsky, J. M., Burk, R. D., Burns, D., Greenblatt, R. M., Muderspach, L. I., Miotti, P. (1999). Prevalence and predictors of squamous cell abnormalities in Papanicolaou smears from women infected with HIV-1. Women's Interagency HIV Study Group. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 21(1), 33-41.
Journal Article
Virologic, immunologic, and immune activation markers as predictors of HIV-associated weight loss prior to AIDS. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
1999
12/1/1999
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10634201/
OBJECTIVES: To study weight patterns among HIV-positive men and associations of baseline HIV RNA, CD4+ lymphocyte count, and serum levels of neopterin and beta2-microglobulin with subsequent weight loss prior to AIDS. METHODS: A cohort of 1558 homosexual men from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study comprised the main study population. Marker values obtained using samples from a baseline visit in 1984 to 1985 were associated with weight patterns and risk of weight loss events over 10 years of follow-up. To investigate the impact of protease inhibitor (PI) therapy on weight patterns, a separate analysis was conducted for men who initiated such therapy in 1995 to 1996. RESULTS: In general, HIV-positive men demonstrated a striking tendency toward weight loss, with a rate of decline that increased over time. Distinct variations in this pattern were observed according to baseline HIV RNA levels. Each marker considered was independently predictive of weight loss events. Following use of PIs, 68
10.1097/00126334-199912010-00010
10634201
activation Adult AIDS analysis Attention beta 2-Microglobulin Beta2-microglobulin blood Body Weight CD4 Lymphocyte Count CD4+ clinical cohort Cohort Studies cohort study drug therapy etiology follow-up Hiv HIV Infections HIV Protease Inhibitors HIV Wasting Syndrome homosexual homosexual men Human immune immune activation immunology lymphocyte Lymphocyte Count Male marker markers methods Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Multicenter Studies Neopterin physiology physiopathology population Predictive Value of Tests predictor predictors Risk Rna Rna,Viral study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. therapeutic use therapy United States virology Weight Gain Weight Loss
R. H. T. Lyles, A.M., Smit, E., Mellors, J.W., Margolick, J.B., Visscher, B.R., Phair, J.P., Graham, N.M.H. (1999). Virologic, immunologic, and immune activation markers as predictors of HIV-associated weight loss prior to AIDS. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 22(4), 386-394.
Journal Article
CCR5 genotype and resistance to vertical transmission of HIV-1
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
1999
1-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10421241
A human gene has been identified that affects susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. The gene codes for CCR5, the coreceptor for macrophage-tropic strains of HIV-1. Individuals who are homozygous for a deleted, mutant form of the gene, delta32, display a high degree of natural resistance to sexual and parenteral transmission of HIV-1. To investigate whether delta32 plays a role in vertical transmission, we determined the CCR5 genotype of 552 children born to infected mothers in the United States and correlated the genotypes with HIV-1 infection status. Of these children, 13% were white, 30% Latino, and 56% African American, reflecting the ethnic makeup of infected women in the United States. The delta32 gene frequency varied among these groups, ranging from 0.08 in whites to 0.02 in both Latinos and African Americans. Approximately 27% of the children in each ethnic group were infected. Four children were identified as delta32 homozygotes, two uninfected whites (3.77%) and two uninfected L
10.1097/00126334-199907010-00002
10421241
Alleles Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use Child Female Genotype HIV Infections/drug therapy/*genetics/immunology/transmission *hiv-1 Humans Immunity, Innate/genetics *Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical Prospective Studies Receptors, CCR5/classification/*genetics Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/therapeutic use Zidovudine/therapeutic use
S. B. Philpott, H., Charbonneau, T., Grimson, R., Vermund, S. H., Visosky, A., Nachman, S., Kovacs, A., Tropper, P., Frey, H., Weiser, B. (1999). CCR5 genotype and resistance to vertical transmission of HIV-1. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 21(3), 189-93.
Journal Article
Comparison of viral load and human leukocyte antigen statistical and neural network predictive models for the rate of HIV-1 disease progression across two cohorts of homosexual men
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol
1999
1-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10048899
We compared the performance of HIV-1 RNA and models based on human leukocyte antigen (HLA) in predicting the rate of HIV-1 disease progression using both linear regression and neural network models across two different cohorts of homosexual men. In all, 139 seroconverters from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study were used as the training set and 97 seroconverters from the District of Columbia Gay (DCG) cohort were used for validation to assess the generalizability of trained predictive models. Both viral load and HLA markers were strongly predictive of disease progression (p < .0001 and p = .001, respectively), with viral load superior to HLA (change in -2 log likelihood [-2LL] 26.7 and 10.2, respectively, in proportional hazards models). Consideration of both HLA markers and viral load offered no significant predictive advantage over viral load alone in most cases; however, HLA-based predictions obtained from neural networks modeling improved the discrimination among patients with high
10.1097/00042560-199902010-00004
10048899
Cohort Studies Genetic Markers HIV Infections/genetics/*immunology/*virology HIV Seropositivity/genetics/immunology/virology *HIV-1/isolation & purification HLA Antigens/*genetics Homosexuality, Male Humans Male Models, Biological Neural Networks, Computer Prognosis RNA, Viral/blood Time Factors
J. P. G. Ioannidis, J. J., McQueen, P. G., Enger, C., Kaslow, R. A. (1999). Comparison of viral load and human leukocyte antigen statistical and neural network predictive models for the rate of HIV-1 disease progression across two cohorts of homosexual men. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol, 20(2), 129-36.
Journal Article
Incidence and risk factors for heterosexually acquired HIV in an inner-city cohort of women: temporal association with pregnancy
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol
1999
1-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10077180
BACKGROUND: A growing proportion of AIDS cases in the United States are due to heterosexual transmission of HIV, particularly in women. The risk of heterosexually acquired HIV was prospectively studied in a cohort of inner-city women with no history of parenteral drug use. METHODS: Study participants were evaluated at 6-month intervals for the presence of HIV antibody, sexually transmitted diseases, self-reported sexual behavior, and drug use by self-report and urine screening. RESULTS: Of 449 initially HIV-negative women who were seen at least once in follow-up, 4 seroconverted to HIV, with a cumulative incidence of 2.4% at 30 months. Risk factors for HIV seroconversion included nonparenteral drug use (p < .02) and anal intercourse (p < .01). Sexually transmitted diseases were not associated with HIV, although the power to detect such an association was limited. In addition, 3 of 4 seroconverters became pregnant, yielding a rate of 55.5 pregnancies/100 person-years of follow-up compar
10.1097/00042560-199903010-00013
10077180
Adult Cities Female Follow-Up Studies HIV Infections/*epidemiology *Heterosexuality Humans Incidence Pregnancy Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/*epidemiology Prospective Studies Risk Factors
K. D. F. Chirgwin, J., Dehovitz, J. A., Minkoff, H., Landesman, S. H. (1999). Incidence and risk factors for heterosexually acquired HIV in an inner-city cohort of women: temporal association with pregnancy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol, 20(3), 295-9.
Journal Article
Predictors and risk-taking consequences of drug use among HIV-infected women
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol
1999
15-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10225234
OBJECTIVE: To determine rates of drug use among women with HIV, and to examine associations between drug use, health, risk behavior, and sexually transmitted diseases (STD). DESIGN: A longitudinal cohort study of 260 women with confirmed HIV-positive serostatus. METHODS: Each participant contributed a self-report interview, a clinical examination, laboratory testing of cultures for Trichomonas vaginalis, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and urinalysis for the presence of metabolites of cocaine and opiates. Data were examined on 140 women at 1-year follow-up. Women were defined as drug users if they reported crack, cocaine, or heroin use in the 6 months before the interview or if they had a positive toxicologic test result for cocaine or opiates. RESULTS: 34% of those in the sample were classified as positive for drug use. Drug use was associated with the number of sexual partners, age at first intercourse, prevalence of STDs, and lower quality of life. STDs were present at
10.1097/00042560-199904150-00014
10225234
Adult Female *HIV Infections/immunology/physiopathology/psychology Humans Longitudinal Studies Predictive Value of Tests Quality of Life *Risk-Taking Sexual Behavior Sexually Transmitted Diseases *Substance-Related Disorders
L. W. Novotna, T. E., Minkoff, H. L., McNutt, L. A., DeHovitz, J. A., Ehrlich, I., Des Jarlais, D. C. (1999). Predictors and risk-taking consequences of drug use among HIV-infected women. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol, 20(5), 502-7.
Journal Article
Effect of race on insurance coverage and health service use for HIV-infected gay men
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol
1999
1-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9928735
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether race is associated with health insurance coverage and health service use among gay and bisexual men in the Baltimore center of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. METHODS: Data from eight semiannual study visits between 1991 and 1996 were used. Descriptive, stratified, and logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine whether race is associated with insurance coverage, medical, or dental service use, after controlling for socioeconomic variables. RESULTS: No difference was found between blacks' and whites' likelihood of having health insurance, private insurance, using inpatient, emergency department services, or antiretroviral medications. Whites were more likely to use outpatient services, particularly if CD4 cell counts were high, and were more likely to use dental services, although blacks were more likely to have dental insurance. CONCLUSIONS: Further research must be conducted to examine cultural, social, and psychological factors that he
10.1097/00042560-199901010-00013
9928735
Adult African Americans/psychology/statistics & numerical data European Continental Ancestry Group/psychology/statistics & numerical data HIV Infections/*psychology Health Services/*statistics & numerical data *Homosexuality, Male Humans *Insurance, Health Male Multivariate Analysis
N. F. Kass, C., Jacobson, L., Chmiel, J. S., Bing, E. G. (1999). Effect of race on insurance coverage and health service use for HIV-infected gay men. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol, 20(1), 85-92.
Journal Article
Effects of anticoagulant, processing delay, and assay method (branched DNA versus reverse transcriptase PCR) on measurement of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA levels in plasma
J Clin Microbiol
1999
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10405379
We conducted two studies to determine the potential influence of delays in blood processing, type of anticoagulant, and assay method on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA levels in plasma. The first was an experimental study in which heparin- and EDTA-anticoagulated blood samples were collected from 101 HIV-positive individuals and processed to plasma after delays of 2, 6, and 18 h. HIV-1 RNA levels in each sample were then measured by both branched-DNA (bDNA) and reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) assays. Compared to samples processed within 2 h, the loss (decay) of HIV-1 RNA in heparinized blood was significant (P < 0.05) but small after 6 h (bDNA assay, -0.12 log(10) copies/ml; RT-PCR, -0.05 log(10) copies/ml) and after 18 h (bDNA assay, -0.27 log(10) copies/ml; RT-PCR, -0.15 log(10) copies/ml). Decay in EDTA-anticoagulated blood was not significant after 6 h (bDNA assay, -0.002 log(10) copies/ml; RT-PCR, -0.02 log(10) copies/ml), but it was after 18 h (bDNA assay, -0.0
10.1128/JCM.37.8.2428-2433.1999
10405379
PMC85245
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/blood/*diagnosis/virology Anticoagulants/pharmacology DNA, Viral/analysis HIV Reverse Transcriptase/analysis HIV-1/*isolation & purification Humans Microbiological Techniques Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods Reproducibility of Results Sensitivity and Specificity Time Factors
L. M. M. Kirstein, J. W., Rinaldo, C. R., Jr., Margolick, J. B., Giorgi, J. V., Phair, J. P., Dietz, E., Gupta, P., Sherlock, C. H., Hogg, R., Montaner, J. S., Munoz, A. (1999). Effects of anticoagulant, processing delay, and assay method (branched DNA versus reverse transcriptase PCR) on measurement of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA levels in plasma. J Clin Microbiol, 37(8), 2428-33. PMC85245
Journal Article
Gay male, lesbian and bisexual health-related research funded by the National Institutes of Health between 1974 and 1992
J Homosex
1999
1999
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10203071
Health-related problems among lesbians, bisexuals, and gay men require research before solutions to them can be identified. This paper describes NIH sponsored research listing homosexuality as a primary or secondary issue between 1974 and 1992. Homosexual projects unrelated to HIV and excluding capitol funding averaged only $532,000 per year compared to about $20 million per year since 1982 for HIV projects. Considering the range of health threats to these communities and the amounts needed to deal with HIV alone, current funding is clearly inadequate. Community members, scientists, experts, and others need to take action if appropriate research is to be done and the health needs of these groups are to be addressed
10.1300/J082v37n01_06
10203071
Bisexuality economics Female Financing,Organized Hiv homosexual Homosexuality Human Male National Institutes of Health (U.S.) research Time Factors United States
A. J. Silvestre (1999). Gay male, lesbian and bisexual health-related research funded by the National Institutes of Health between 1974 and 1992. J Homosex, 37(1), 81-94.
Journal Article
Prolonged suppression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) viremia in persons with advanced disease results in enhancement of CD4 T cell reactivity to microbial antigens but not to HIV-1 antigens
J Infect Dis
1999
Feb-99
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9878015
CD4 T cell responses were studied for >2 years in 27 zidovudine- experienced patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection who received triple combination drug therapy with indinavir, zidovudine and lamivudine or zidovudine plus lamivudine or zidovudine alone for 24-42 weeks before switching to the three-drug therapy. Subjects initially given the three drugs had viremia suppressed to undetectable levels and increases in T cell proliferative and cytokine responses to microbial antigens through 2 years of follow- up. Patients receiving the triple-drug therapy after either indinavir or zidovudine-lamivudine treatment had similar increases in T cell responses only if they also had suppression of virus load. CD4 T cell reactivity to HIV-1 antigens was not restored. Prolonged indinavir- zidovudine-lamivudine treatment has significant but incomplete enhancing effects on CD4 T cell reactivity, which could be important in host control of microbial and persistent H
10.1086/314599
9878015
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Adult Anti-HIV Agents Antigens Antigens,Bacterial biosynthesis CD4 CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes Cell Division Chemokines clinical control cytokine Cytokines Disease Double-Blind Method drug effects drug therapy drugs Female Hiv HIV Antigens Hiv-1 HIV-1 infection Human human immunodeficiency virus immunodeficiency immunology Indinavir infection infections infectious diseases Lamivudine Male metabolism microbiology Mitogens Multicenter Studies Rna Rna,Viral study Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. t cell therapeutic use therapy United States Viremia virus Zidovudine
C. R. Rinaldo, Jr., Liebmann, J.M., Huang, X.L., Fan, Z., Al-Shboul, Q., McMahon, D.K., Day, R.D., Riddler, S.A., Mellors, J.W. (1999). Prolonged suppression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) viremia in persons with advanced disease results in enhancement of CD4 T cell reactivity to microbial antigens but not to HIV-1 antigens. J Infect Dis, 179(2), 329-336.
Journal Article
A longitudinal study of neutralizing antibodies and disease progression in HIV-1-infected subjects
J Infect Dis
1999
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10228056
Sera from human immunodeficiency virus-1-infected participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study were tested to assess the association between serum neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) and disease progression. Each of 14 pairs, retrospectively matched for age, sex, race, and CD4+ lymphocyte numbers early in the study, consisted of a rapid progressor (RP) who developed AIDS and a long-term nonprogressor (LTNP) who remained asymptomatic. Serum samples were drawn early, when all participants were asymptomatic, and late, when the RPs had developed clinical AIDS. The LTNPs and RPs had similar levels of NAbs against primary isolates at the early time point, indicating that NAb levels are not predictive of disease progression; at the late time point, the LTNPs had significantly higher titers because of an increase in the level of serum NAbs in the LTNPs and/or a decrease in the NAbs in the RPs. The patterns of neutralizing activity over time suggest that changes in effective NAbs against differ
10.1086/314773
10228056
Adult CD4 Lymphocyte Count Disease Progression HIV Antibodies/*blood HIV Infections/*immunology HIV Long-Term Survivors HIV-1/*immunology Humans Longitudinal Studies Male Neutralization Tests Retrospective Studies Single-Blind Method Time Factors
D. K. Cecilia, C., Munoz, A., Giorgi, J. V., Zolla-Pazner, S. (1999). A longitudinal study of neutralizing antibodies and disease progression in HIV-1-infected subjects. J Infect Dis, 179(6), 1365-74.
Journal Article
Activation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 expression by Gardnerella vaginalis
J Infect Dis
1999
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10068588
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is associated with an increased rate of sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1, and Gardnerella vaginalis is frequently isolated from the genital tracts of women with BV. G. vaginalis lysates were found to significantly stimulate HIV expression in monocytoid cells. Stimulation was significantly higher when lysates were heated at 100 degrees C for 5 min but was reduced by treatment with lysozyme or protease. G. vaginalis lysates also activated HIV expression in certain T cell lines. G. vaginalis lysates activated HIV long-terminal repeat transcription in HIV-infected cells and increased NF-kappaB binding activity, indicating an effect by G. vaginalis on HIV transcription. The activation of HIV production by G. vaginalis suggests that genital tract infection with G. vaginalis increases the risk of HIV transmission by increasing HIV expression in the genital tract. This may explain, at least in part, the increased rate of HIV transmission
10.1086/314674
10068588
Cytokines/biosynthesis Gardnerella vaginalis/*physiology HIV Long Terminal Repeat HIV-1/*physiology HeLa Cells Hot Temperature Humans Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology NF-kappa B/metabolism T-Lymphocytes/virology Transcription Factor AP-1/metabolism Transcription, Genetic Virus Replication
F. B. G. Hashemi, M., Roebuck, K. A., Spear, G. T. (1999). Activation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 expression by Gardnerella vaginalis. J Infect Dis, 179(4), 924-30.
Journal Article
Consistent associations of HLA class I and II and transporter gene products with progression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in homosexual men
J Infect Dis
1999
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10395843
Polymorphic products of genes in the HLA region contributing to variability in the course of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection were identified by screening 375 Caucasian seroconverters who were aggregated from 3 cohorts. AIDS-free time was related to numerous (15) class I alleles, alone or in conjunction with transporter protein variants, to homozygosity at the A or B locus, and to alleles of two class II haplotypes. A prognostic scoring algorithm derived from the 3 cohorts captured multiple HLA contributions to protection or to risk (relative hazard=0.57-60 per unit increase in score, all P<<.001). The impact of HLA was strong and appeared independent of the effects of chemokine receptor/ligand polymorphisms and antiretroviral treatment. The algorithm also predicted divergent rates of CD4+ cell decline in 2 other groups, totaling 227 seropositive persons (P=.06 - <.001). Confirmation of these relationships should encourage investigation of HIV-1 antigen processing
10.1086/314862
10395843
Adult Algorithms Antigen Presentation CD4 Lymphocyte Count Carrier Proteins/*genetics/metabolism Cohort Studies Disease Progression Genes, MHC Class I Genes, MHC Class II HIV Infections/immunology/*physiopathology HIV Seropositivity *hiv-1 Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/*genetics/metabolism Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/*genetics/metabolism *Homosexuality, Male Homozygote Humans Male
I. P. T. Keet, J., Klein, M. R., LeBlanc, S., Enger, C., Rivers, C., Apple, R. J., Mann, D., Goedert, J. J., Miedema, F., Kaslow, R. A. (1999). Consistent associations of HLA class I and II and transporter gene products with progression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in homosexual men. J Infect Dis, 180(2), 299-309.
Journal Article
Determinants of the natural history of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection
J Infect Dis
1999
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10081512
Variation in the time to AIDS and duration of survival of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-infected persons was recognized early in the epidemic. Recent studies have indicated that the rate of viral replication, as manifest by the number of copies of HIV RNA per milliliter of plasma, is a major determinant of outcome in an infected person. The predictive power of the measurement of plasma HIV RNA copy number is enhanced by combining this result with the CD4 lymphocyte number. The determinants of the rate of viral replication are less clearly defined. Recent studies suggest that polymorphism of the chemokine receptors, required for cellular infection, plays a role in regulating the rate of viral replication. The subsequent adaptive evolution of HIV-1 to the host's immune response is a consequence of this dynamic of the virus. Complicating opportunistic infections also appear to enhance HIV-1 replication, while antiviral therapy, in contrast, can and does suppress viral replication.
10.1086/513839
10081512
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/etiology CD4 Lymphocyte Count HIV Infections/*etiology/immunology/virology *HIV-1/physiology Humans Male Receptors, Chemokine/genetics Time Factors Virus Replication
J. P. Phair (1999). Determinants of the natural history of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. J Infect Dis, 179 Suppl 2(), S384-6.
Journal Article
Shorter survival in advanced human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection is more closely associated with T lymphocyte activation than with plasma virus burden or virus chemokine coreceptor usage
J Infect Dis
1999
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10068581
To define predictors of survival time in late human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) disease, long- and short-duration survivors were studied after their CD4+ T cells fell to </=50/mm3. Immune activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, as measured by elevated cell surface expression of CD38 antigen, was strongly associated with shorter subsequent survival (P</=.002). The naive CD45RA+CD62L+ T cell reserve was low in all subjects and did not predict survival (P=.34 for CD4+ and.08 for CD8+ cells). Higher virus burden correlated with CD8+ but not CD4+ cell activation and, after correcting for multiple comparisons, was not associated with shorter survival (P=.02). All of the patients' viruses used CCR5, CXCR4, or both, and coreceptor usage did not predict survival (P=. 27). Through mechanisms apparently unrelated to higher virus burden, immune activation is a major determinant of survival in advanced HIV-1 disease.
10.1086/314660
10068581
ADP-ribosyl Cyclase ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1 Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology/*mortality/virology Adult *Antigens, CD Antigens, Differentiation/analysis CD4 Lymphocyte Count *hiv-1 HLA-DR Antigens/analysis Humans *Lymphocyte Activation Male Membrane Glycoproteins Middle Aged NAD+ Nucleosidase/analysis RNA, Viral/*blood Receptors, CCR5/*physiology Receptors, CXCR4/*physiology T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
J. V. H. Giorgi, L. E., McKeating, J. A., Johnson, T. D., Owens, B., Jacobson, L. P., Shih, R., Lewis, J., Wiley, D. J., Phair, J. P., Wolinsky, S. M., Detels, R. (1999). Shorter survival in advanced human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection is more closely associated with T lymphocyte activation than with plasma virus burden or virus chemokine coreceptor usage. J Infect Dis, 179(4), 859-70.
Journal Article
Stability of plasma levels of cytokines and soluble activation markers in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection
J Infect Dis
1999
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10068579
Cytokine and immune activation marker levels in plasma are valuable measurements of immune status and treatment effects in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and AIDS. Five populations representing various stages of disease were studied: controls, 2 AIDS groups with <50/mm3 CD4 cells, and 2 groups of HIV-positive subjects-1 with stable CD4 T cells (median, 545/mm3) and 1 with >100/mm3 CD4 cell decline in 1 year. Relatively stable levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, soluble TNF receptor (R)II, soluble interleukin-2R, neopterin, and beta2-microglobulin (beta2M) were documented over 5-8 weeks in patients with AIDS and for 1-4 years in the other groups. beta2M was generally the most stable marker. Interferon-gamma levels, however, fluctuated substantially. Individuals, whether normal or HIV-positive, maintain characteristic plasma levels of cytokines and immune activation markers. Thus, documented changes, in excess of the variability observed in this study, are likely t
10.1086/314673
10068579
Adult Antigens, CD/blood CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cytokines/*blood Female HIV Infections/*immunology Humans Male Neopterin/blood Receptors, Interleukin-2/analysis Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/blood Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II beta 2-Microglobulin/analysis
N. N. Aziz, P., Taylor, J. M., Mitsuyasu, R. T., Jacobson, J. M., Dezube, B. J., Lederman, M. M., Detels, R., Fahey, J. L. (1999). Stability of plasma levels of cytokines and soluble activation markers in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Infect Dis, 179(4), 843-8.
Journal Article
Quantitative and qualitative differences in the serum antibody profiles of human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons with and without Cryptococcus neoformans meningitis
J Infect Dis
1999
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10515812
The importance of humoral immunity for resistance to Cryptococcus neoformans is uncertain. A case-controlled study of the human antibody response to C. neoformans comparing the serum antibody profiles of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons who did (HIV+/CM+) or did not (HIV-infected controls) develop cryptococcal meningitis (CM) and HIV-uninfected persons with samples obtained from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study was performed. Total immunoglobulin concentrations were determined, and the specificity, isotype, and idiotype expression of antibodies to C. neoformans capsular glucuronoxylomannan were analyzed by ELISA. Compared with the HIV+/CM+ group, the HIV-infected control group had significantly lower levels of total IgM, IgA, and antibodies expressing a certain VH3 determinant. The HIV-infected control group manifested an increase in immunoglobulin levels with a decrease in CD4 lymphocytes. The findings suggest a possible association between reduced expression of ce
10.1086/315102
10515812
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/*immunology Adolescent Adult Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/blood Antibodies, Fungal/*blood CD4 Lymphocyte Count Case-Control Studies Cohort Studies Cryptococcus neoformans/*immunology HIV Infections/*immunology Humans Immunoglobulin Isotypes/*blood Male Meningitis, Cryptococcal/*immunology Polysaccharides/analysis/immunology
R. L. Fleuridor, R. H., Pirofski, L. (1999). Quantitative and qualitative differences in the serum antibody profiles of human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons with and without Cryptococcus neoformans meningitis. J Infect Dis, 180(5), 1526-35.
Journal Article
Yield of Screening Colposcopy Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Women
J Low Genit Tract Dis
1999
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1526-0976.1999.08114.x
10.1046/j.1526-0976.1999.08114.x
L. S. F.-D. Massad, Alice, Garcia, Patricia M., Bitterman, Pincas, Sha, Beverly E., Cohen, Mardge (1999). Yield of Screening Colposcopy Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Women. J Low Genit Tract Dis, 3(3), 185-190.
Journal Article
Cervicovaginal human papillomavirus infection in human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV)-positive and high-risk HIV-negative women
J Natl Cancer Inst
1999
3-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10037100
BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is associated with precancerous cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions commonly seen among women infected with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV). We characterized HPV infection in a large cohort of HIV-positive and HIV-negative women participating in the Women's Interagency HIV Study to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for cervicovaginal HPV infection in HIV-positive women. METHODS: HIV-positive (n = 1778) and HIV-negative (n = 500) women were tested at enrollment for the presence of HPV DNA in a cervicovaginal lavage specimen. Blood samples were tested for HIV antibody status, level of CD4-positive T cells, and HIV RNA load (copies/mL). An interview detailing risk factors was conducted. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. RESULTS: Compared with HIV-negative women, HIV-positive women with a CD4+ cell count of less than 200/mm3 were at the highest risk of HPV infection, regardless of HIV RNA load (odds r
10.1093/jnci/91.3.226
10037100
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/complications/*virology Adult CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia/virology Female HIV/genetics/immunology/*isolation & purification HIV Seronegativity Humans Logistic Models *Papillomaviridae Papillomavirus Infections/*virology Precancerous Conditions/*virology Prevalence RNA, Viral/analysis Risk Factors Tumor Virus Infections/*virology Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/virology Uterine Cervicitis/*virology Vaginitis/*virology
J. M. M. Palefsky, H., Kalish, L. A., Levine, A., Sacks, H. S., Garcia, P., Young, M., Melnick, S., Miotti, P., Burk, R. (1999). Cervicovaginal human papillomavirus infection in human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV)-positive and high-risk HIV-negative women. J Natl Cancer Inst, 91(3), 226-36.
Journal Article
HIV-associated primary CNS lymorbidity and utility of brain biopsy
J Neurol Sci
1999
1-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10223407
INTRODUCTION: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with several central nervous system (CNS) infections and neoplasms. These opportunistic processes generally occur with advanced immunosuppression, but if an accurate diagnosis is made, effective treatment can frequently be initiated. METHODS: In an attempt to assess the safety, diagnostic yield, and utility of stereotactic brain biopsy in the clinical management of suspected HIV-associated primary CNS lymphoma, we retrospectively studied the performance of biopsy in HIV-seropositive patients presenting with focal intracranial lesions. This analysis included 435 patients undergoing brain biopsy, identified through a local case series (n=47) combined with all published cases (n=388). The years of analysis for this study were 1984 and 1997. We also assessed the survival of HIV-associated intracranial mass lesions and of PCNSL patients treated at JHU. RESULTS: Definitive histopathological diagnoses were established in
10.1016/s0022-510x(98)00315-3
10223407
AIDS Dementia Complex/*complications/mortality/*pathology Brain/*pathology Follow-Up Studies HIV Seropositivity/complications/*pathology Humans Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/complications/mortality/*pathology/radiotherapy Morbidity Retrospective Studies Survival Analysis Time Factors
R. L. D. P. Skolasky, G. J., Olivi, A., Lenz, F. A., Abrams, R. A., McArthur, J. C. (1999). HIV-associated primary CNS lymorbidity and utility of brain biopsy. J Neurol Sci, 163(1), 32-8.
Journal Article
Primary virus envelope cross-reactivity of the broadening neutralizing antibody response during early chronic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection
J Virol
1999
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10233993
To test the hypothesis that changing neutralizing antibody responses against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) during chronic infection were a response to emergence of neutralization escape mutants, we cloned expressed and characterized envelope clones from patients in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Pseudotyped HIV-1 envelope clones obtained from differing time points were assessed for sensitivity to neutralization by using sera from different times from the same and different patients. Clones from early and late time points during chronic infection had similar neutralization sensitivity, and neutralizing antibody responses cross-reacted with early, late, and heterologous envelopes. The potential for broadly effective HIV-1 immunization is supported.
10.1128/JVI.73.6.5225-5230.1999
10233993
PMC112575
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology Chronic Disease Cross Reactions HIV Antibodies/*immunology HIV-1/*immunology Humans Male Neutralization Tests
P. F. C. Zhang, X., Fu, D. W., Margolick, J. B., Quinnan, G. V., Jr. (1999). Primary virus envelope cross-reactivity of the broadening neutralizing antibody response during early chronic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. J Virol, 73(6), 5225-30. PMC112575
Journal Article
Consistent viral evolutionary changes associated with the progression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection
J Virol
1999
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10559367
To understand the high variability of the asymptomatic interval between primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and the development of AIDS, we studied the evolution of the C2-V5 region of the HIV-1 env gene and of T-cell subsets in nine men with a moderate or slow rate of disease progression. They were monitored from the time of seroconversion for a period of 6 to 12 years until the development of advanced disease in seven men. Based on the analysis of viral divergence from the founder strain, viral population diversity within sequential time points, and the outgrowth of viruses capable of utilizing the CXCR4 receptor (X4 viruses), the existence of three distinct phases within the asymptomatic interval is suggested: an early phase of variable duration during which linear increases ( approximately 1% per year) in both divergence and diversity were observed; an intermediate phase lasting an average of 1.8 years, characterized by a continued increase in divergence b
10.1128/JVI.73.12.10489-10502.1999
10559367
PMC113104
Base Sequence DNA, Viral Disease Progression *Evolution, Molecular Gene Products, env/*genetics HIV Infections/immunology/physiopathology/*virology HIV-1/classification/*genetics Humans Male Molecular Sequence Data Prospective Studies
R. M. Shankarappa, J. B., Gange, S. J., Rodrigo, A. G., Upchurch, D., Farzadegan, H., Gupta, P., Rinaldo, C. R., Learn, G. H., He, X., Huang, X. L., Mullins, J. I. (1999). Consistent viral evolutionary changes associated with the progression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. J Virol, 73(12), 10489-502. PMC113104
Journal Article
Immunotyping of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV): an approach to immunologic classification of HIV
J Virol
1999
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10196300
Because immunologic classification of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) might be more relevant than genotypic classification for designing polyvalent vaccines, studies were undertaken to determine whether immunologically defined groups of HIV ("immunotypes") could be identified. For these experiments, the V3 region of the 120-kDa envelope glycoprotein (gp120) was chosen for study. Although antibodies (Abs) to V3 may not play a major protective role in preventing HIV infection, identification of a limited number of immunologically defined structures in this extremely variable region would set a precedent supporting the hypothesis that, despite its diversity, the HIV family, like the V3 region, might be divisible into immunotypes. Consequently, the immunochemical reactivities of 1,176 combinations of human anti-V3 monoclonal Abs (MAbs) and V3 peptides, derived from viruses of several clades, were studied. Extensive cross-clade reactivity was observed. The patterns of reactivities
10.1128/JVI.73.5.4042-4051.1999
10196300
PMC104183
Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology HIV Antibodies/*immunology HIV Envelope Protein gp120/classification/*immunology HIV-1/*classification/*immunology Humans Peptide Fragments/classification/*immunology
S. G. Zolla-Pazner, M. K., Nyambi, P. N., VanCott, T. C., Nadas, A. (1999). Immunotyping of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV): an approach to immunologic classification of HIV. J Virol, 73(5), 4042-51. PMC104183
Journal Article
Rate and Severity of HIV-Associated Dementia (HAD): Correlations with Gp41 and iNOS
Molecular Medicine
1999
Feb
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10203575/
Background: Fifteen to thirty percent of AIDS patients develop some type of neurologic disorder during the course of their illness and the vast majority of these neurologic disorders will be HIV-associated dementia (HAD). These patients can exhibit varying degrees of severity and rates of progression of HAD. Neuropathologic variables that are associated with the rate of progression of HAD are not known. Materials and Methods: Tissue was collected at autopsy from the Johns Hopkins University HIV Neurology Program. Seventy-one AIDS patients of this prospectively characterized population were followed until death to obtain information on dementia severity and the rate of neurological progression. Immunoblot analysis of immunological nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), HAM56, gp41, p24, gp120, and beta-tubulin was performed and the levels of iNOS, HAM56, gp41, and p24 were normalized to beta-tubulin and analyzed for significance by means of the Kruskal-Wallis test for multiple groups. Results: W
10.1007/bf03402144
10203575
PMC2230416
human-immunodeficiency-virus central-nervous-system nitric-oxide synthase tumor-necrosis-factor aids dementia neurologic manifestations type-1 infection brain-tissue complex expression
D. C. M. Adamson, Justin C., Dawson, Ted M., Dawson, Valina L. (1999). Rate and Severity of HIV-Associated Dementia (HAD): Correlations with Gp41 and iNOS. Molecular Medicine, 5(2), 98-109. PMC2230416
Journal Article
Persistence of HIV-1 transcription in peripheral-blood mononuclear cells in patients receiving potent antiretroviral therapy
N Engl J Med
1999
27-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10341273
BACKGROUND AND METHODS: Although potent antiretroviral therapy can control infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), a long-lived reservoir of infectious virus persists in CD4+ T cells. We investigated this viral reservoir by measuring the levels of cell-associated viral DNA and messenger RNA (mRNA) that are essential for HIV-1 replication. Approximately every 6 months, we obtained samples of peripheral-blood mononuclear cells from five men with long-standing HIV-1 infection who had had undetectable levels of plasma HIV-1 RNA for 20 months or more during treatment with potent antiretroviral drugs. RESULTS: Before treatment, plasma levels of HIV-1 RNA correlated with the levels of cell-associated unintegrated HIV-1 DNA and unspliced viral mRNA. After treatment, plasma levels of HIV-1 RNA fell by more than 2.7 log to undetectable levels. The decrease in cell-associated integrated and unintegrated HIV-1 DNA and mRNA occurred in two phases. The first phase occurred during
10.1056/NEJM199905273402102
10341273
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/pharmacology/*therapeutic use CD4 Lymphocyte Count DNA, Viral/blood Drug Resistance, Microbial/genetics Drug Therapy, Combination HIV Infections/*drug therapy/virology HIV-1/*drug effects/genetics/growth & development/isolation & purification Humans Leukocytes, Mononuclear/*virology Male Middle Aged Mutation RNA, Viral/blood Transcription, Genetic/*drug effects Viral Load Virus Replication/*drug effects
M. R. C. Furtado, D. S., Phair, J. P., Kunstman, K. J., Stanton, J. L., Macken, C. A., Perelson, A. S., Wolinsky, S. M. (1999). Persistence of HIV-1 transcription in peripheral-blood mononuclear cells in patients receiving potent antiretroviral therapy. N Engl J Med, 340(21), 1614-22.
Journal Article
PCR-mediated recombination: a general method applied to construct chimeric infectious molecular clones of plasma-derived HIV-1 RNA
Nat Med
1999
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9930876
A PCR-based approach was developed that provides a powerful tool for engineering recombinant molecules without reliance on restriction sites. DNA sequences were first amplified by high-fidelity PCR using Pfu polymerase; they were then used both as 'megaprimers' and templates in subsequent asymmetric long PCR amplifications to form chimeric clones. To demonstrate the technique, we constructed chimeric full-length HIV-1 clones derived from reverse-transcribed plasma viral RNA and proviral LTRs. Biologic characterization of these clones showed that most were infectious in tissue culture and sequence analysis demonstrated an error rate of only one base change in 20 kb of DNA sequence. For PCR-mediated recombination, it is necessary to know the sequence of the 3' and 5' overlapping regions of the desired PCR products. This method may be extended to include construction of chimeras between any DNA fragments lacking sequence homology. Such chimeras may be constructed by introducing overlappin
10.1038/5607
9930876
Chimera/genetics Cloning, Molecular/*methods DNA, Viral/chemistry Genetic Engineering HIV-1/*genetics/pathogenicity Plasmids Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods RNA, Viral/*genetics Recombination, Genetic Restriction Mapping Sequence Analysis, DNA
G. W. Fang, B., Visosky, A., Moran, T., Burger, H. (1999). PCR-mediated recombination: a general method applied to construct chimeric infectious molecular clones of plasma-derived HIV-1 RNA. Nat Med, 5(2), 239-42.
Journal Article
Plasma viral load and CD4 lymphocytes predict HIV-associated dementia and sensory neuropathy
Neurology
1999
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10025796
OBJECTIVE: To determine the predictive value of plasma HIV RNA and CD4 lymphocytes for HIV-associated dementia and sensory neuropathy. METHODS: A total of 1,604 AIDS-free HIV seropositive men from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study were followed over a 10-year period (1985 to 1995). HIV-associated dementia and sensory neuropathy were diagnosed according to standard definitions. Baseline samples were used to measure plasma HIV RNA levels with a branched DNA assay and levels of beta2-microglobulin, CD4 lymphocyte counts, and hemoglobin levels. RESULTS: Seventy-seven patients with HIV-associated dementia and 213 patients with sensory neuropathy were identified. Baseline HIV RNA levels above 3,000 copies/mL and CD4 counts below 500 cells/mm3 were predictive of both neurologic outcomes, but neither hemoglobin, body mass index, nor beta2-microglobulin were independently predictive. After adjusting for age and level of education, individuals with baseline plasma HIV RNA >30,000 copies/mL had a
10.1212/wnl.52.3.607
10025796
AIDS Dementia Complex/*blood/immunology/virology Adult Age Factors CD4 Lymphocyte Count Educational Status HIV-1/*isolation & purification Humans Male Nervous System Diseases/*blood/virology *Predictive Value of Tests RNA, Viral/analysis Viral Load
E. A. L. Childs, R. H., Selnes, O. A., Chen, B., Miller, E. N., Cohen, B. A., Becker, J. T., Mellors, J., McArthur, J. C. (1999). Plasma viral load and CD4 lymphocytes predict HIV-associated dementia and sensory neuropathy. Neurology, 52(3), 607-13.
Journal Article
Combination antiretroviral therapy improves psychomotor speed performance in HIV-seropositive homosexual men. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS)
Neurology
1999
12-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10331692
BACKGROUND: Combination antiretroviral therapy including protease inhibitors (combo+PI) is effective in suppressing systemic viral load in HIV infection, but its impact on HIV-associated cognitive impairment is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether psychomotor speed, a sensitive measure of impairment in HIV dementia, improves with combo+PI compared with other antiretroviral treatments. METHODS: A total of 411 HIV-seropositive (HIV+) homosexual men (with longitudinal neuropsychological testing) in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and, in a separate analysis, 282 HIV+ homosexual men with psychomotor slowing at baseline were classified by treatment into four groups: antiretroviral naive (no antiretroviral medication treatment), monotherapy, combination antiretroviral therapy without protease inhibitors (combo-noPI), and combo+PI. We compared longitudinal performance on three tests of psychomotor speed: the Grooved Pegboard (GP) (nondominant and dominant hands), Trail Making Test B, an
10.1212/wnl.52.8.1640
10331692
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use Drug Therapy, Combination HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*psychology HIV Seropositivity/*drug therapy Humans Male Middle Aged Neuropsychological Tests Prospective Studies Psychomotor Performance
N. C. L. Sacktor, R. H., Skolasky, R. L., Anderson, D. E., McArthur, J. C., McFarlane, G., Selnes, O. A., Becker, J. T., Cohen, B., Wesch, J., Miller, E. N. (1999). Combination antiretroviral therapy improves psychomotor speed performance in HIV-seropositive homosexual men. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Neurology, 52(8), 1640-7.
Journal Article
Genetic determinants of HIV-1 infection and its manifestations
Proc Assoc Am Physicians
1999
Jul-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10417737
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), which has become pandemic within a single generation, has encountered an immune system in which genetically encoded elements have evolved gradually under different environmental pressures in diverse populations. Important heritable differences in genes that alter susceptibility to HIV-1 infection or the rate of deterioration of immunity, or both, have been discovered in cohorts carefully defined for intensity of exposure to the virus, viral subtype characteristics, and onset and course of infection. For the highly polymorphic human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antigen processing and presenting system, the principle that small contributions of multiple interactive HLA marker combinations (primarily in the class I pathway) significantly modulate the course of HIV-1 infection has now been confirmed in several independently evaluated groups of patients. Variants of HLA genes probably also play some role in the acquisition of infection by the vari
10.1046/j.1525-1381.1999.99238.x
10417737
Alleles Antigen Presentation/genetics CD4 Antigens/genetics Chemokine CXCL12 Chemokines, CXC/genetics Cohort Studies Disease-Free Survival Female Genetic Predisposition to Disease Genetic Variation HIV Infections/epidemiology/*genetics HIV-1/*physiology HLA Antigens/genetics Humans Life Tables Male Receptors, Chemokine/genetics Structure-Activity Relationship T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
R. A. M. Kaslow, J. M. (1999). Genetic determinants of HIV-1 infection and its manifestations. Proc Assoc Am Physicians, 111(4), 299-307.
Journal Article
Coalescent estimates of HIV-1 generation time in vivo
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
1999
2-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10051616
The generation time of HIV Type 1 (HIV-1) in vivo has previously been estimated using a mathematical model of viral dynamics and was found to be on the order of one to two days per generation. Here, we describe a new method based on coalescence theory that allows the estimate of generation times to be derived by using nucleotide sequence data and a reconstructed genealogy of sequences obtained over time. The method is applied to sequences obtained from a long-term nonprogressing individual at five sampling occasions. The estimate of viral generation time using the coalescent method is 1.2 days per generation and is close to that obtained by mathematical modeling (1.8 days per generation), thus strengthening confidence in estimates of a short viral generation time. Apart from the estimation of relevant parameters relating to viral dynamics, coalescent modeling also allows us to simulate the evolutionary behavior of samples of sequences obtained over time.
10.1073/pnas.96.5.2187
10051616
PMC26758
DNA, Viral/genetics *Evolution, Molecular *Genes, env HIV Seropositivity/virology HIV-1/genetics/*physiology Homosexuality, Male Humans Male Models, Genetic Models, Statistical Molecular Sequence Data *Phylogeny Time Factors *Virus Replication
A. G. S. Rodrigo, E. G., Delwart, E. L., Iversen, A. K., Gallo, M. V., Brojatsch, J., Hirsch, M. S., Walker, B. D., Mullins, J. I. (1999). Coalescent estimates of HIV-1 generation time in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 96(5), 2187-91. PMC26758
Journal Article
Spontaneous and antigen-induced production of HIV-inhibitory beta-chemokines are associated with AIDS-free status
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
1999
12-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10518563
The beta-chemokines RANTES, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha, and MIP-1beta suppress infection by macrophage-tropic strains of HIV and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) by binding and down-regulating the viral coreceptor, CCR5. Accordingly, we have examined whether higher levels of CCR5 ligands are associated with a more favorable clinical status in AIDS. A cross-sectional study of 100 subjects enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study at the Baltimore site was conducted to measure chemokine production and lymphocyte proliferation by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Statistical analyses of the data revealed that the production of HIV-suppressive beta-chemokines by HIV antigen-stimulated PBMC was significantly higher in HIV-positive subjects without AIDS compared with subjects with clinical AIDS. Increased chemokine production was also correlated with higher proliferative responses to HIV antigens. Both parameters were significantly lower in the AIDS versus n
10.1073/pnas.96.21.11986
10518563
PMC18399
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/blood/*diagnosis/*immunology Adult Antigens, Viral/*metabolism CD4 Lymphocyte Count CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology Chemokine CCL3 Chemokine CCL4 Chemokine CCL5/*metabolism Disease-Free Survival Flow Cytometry HIV Antigens/metabolism HIV Infections/blood/*diagnosis/*immunology HIV Seropositivity/immunology Homosexuality, Male Humans Lymphocyte Activation Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins/*metabolism Male Middle Aged Models, Statistical T-Lymphocytes/immunology/metabolism
A. M. Garzino-Demo, R. B., Margolick, J. B., Cleghorn, F., Sill, A., Blattner, W. A., Cocchi, F., Carlo, D. J., DeVico, A. L., Gallo, R. C. (1999). Spontaneous and antigen-induced production of HIV-inhibitory beta-chemokines are associated with AIDS-free status. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 96(21), 11986-91. PMC18399
Journal Article
CCR5 promoter alleles and specific DNA binding factors
Science
1999
9-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15224670
10.1126/science.284.5412.223a
15224670
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/genetics/immunology/mortality/*physiopathology *Alleles Binding Sites Cell Nucleus/metabolism DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism Disease Progression Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay Humans Nuclear Proteins/*metabolism Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/metabolism Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide *Promoter Regions, Genetic Receptors, CCR5/*genetics Survival Rate T-Lymphocytes Transcription Factors/metabolism
J. H. Y. Bream, H. A., Rice, N., Martin, M. P., Smith, M. W., Carrington, M., O'Brien, S. J. (1999). CCR5 promoter alleles and specific DNA binding factors. Science, 284(5412), 223.
Journal Article
HLA and HIV-1: heterozygote advantage and B*35-Cw*04 disadvantage
Science
1999
12-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10073943
A selective advantage against infectious disease associated with increased heterozygosity at the human major histocompatibility complex [human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and class II] is believed to play a major role in maintaining the extraordinary allelic diversity of these genes. Maximum HLA heterozygosity of class I loci (A, B, and C) delayed acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) onset among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1), whereas individuals who were homozygous for one or more loci progressed rapidly to AIDS and death. The HLA class I alleles B*35 and Cw*04 were consistently associated with rapid development of AIDS-defining conditions in Caucasians. The extended survival of 28 to 40 percent of HIV-1-infected Caucasian patients who avoided AIDS for ten or more years can be attributed to their being fully heterozygous at HLA class I loci, to their lacking the AIDS-associated alleles B*35 and Cw*04, or to both.
10.1126/science.283.5408.1748
10073943
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/genetics/*immunology Adult Alleles Antigen Presentation Cohort Studies Disease Progression Ethnic Groups *Genes, MHC Class I Genetic Predisposition to Disease HIV Infections/genetics/*immunology HIV Long-Term Survivors/statistics & numerical data *hiv-1 HLA Antigens/genetics HLA-B Antigens/*genetics HLA-C Antigens/*genetics Heterozygote Homozygote Humans Killer Cells, Natural/immunology Loss of Heterozygosity Proportional Hazards Models Risk
M. N. Carrington, G. W., Martin, M. P., Kissner, T., Vlahov, D., Goedert, J. J., Kaslow, R., Buchbinder, S., Hoots, K., O'Brien, S. J. (1999). HLA and HIV-1: heterozygote advantage and B*35-Cw*04 disadvantage. Science, 283(5408), 1748-52.
Journal Article
Selection against susceptibility to HIV-1 [response]
Science
1999
1999
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/285/5424/11a
Haplotypes Hiv-1
S. J. C. O'Brien, M. (1999). Selection against susceptibility to HIV-1 [response]. Science, 285(), 11a.
Journal Article
Human immunodeficiency virus-associated dementia
Semin Neurol
1999
1999
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10718534
HIV-associated dementia will eventually develop in 15-20% of individuals with advanced HIV disease. It has become one of the leading causes of dementia in the young, with 10,000 new cases annually in the USA. The clinical syndrome includes progressive development of psychomotor slowing and memory impairment, eventually with brain atrophy and neurol loss. The pathology is characterized by infection of macrophages and microglia, marked activation of macrophages, and release of a variety of postinflammatory cytokines into the parenchyma. Antiretroviral therapy has impacted positively on the incidence rates, and at least partial reversal of neurologic deficits can be achieved in established dementias.
10.1055/s-2008-1040831
10718534
*AIDS Dementia Complex Humans
J. C. S. McArthur, N., Selnes, O. (1999). Human immunodeficiency virus-associated dementia. Semin Neurol, 19(2), 129-50.
Journal Article
Lower genital tract infections among HIV-infected and high-risk uninfected women: findings of the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS)
Sex Transm Dis
1999
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10100771
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Few comparisons of factors associated with sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and HIV are available for representative samples of American women. GOAL OF THE STUDY: To compare factors associated with STDs in a large sample of women infected with HIV and women not infected with HIV. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional analysis of STDs in 2,058 women seropositive (HIV+) for HIV and 567 women seronegative (HIV-) for HIV. RESULTS: HIV + women were more likely than HIV- women to report previous STDs, with the exceptions of chlamydia and bacterial vaginosis. Both HIV status and CD4 lymphocyte count were associated with evidence of genital ulcerations, warts, and vaginal candidiasis (p <0.001 for all). HIV- women were more apt to report recent vaginal intercourse (p <0.001), a factor that was independently associated with the occurrence of bacterial and protozoan infections. CD4 lymphocyte depletion was the factor most closely associated with the expression of chronic
10.1097/00007435-199903000-00004
10100771
Adolescent Adult Aged Cohort Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Demography Female HIV Infections/*complications Humans Longitudinal Studies Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis Risk Factors Risk-Taking Sexually Transmitted Diseases/*complications/epidemiology Urinary Tract Infections/*complications/epidemiology Vaginitis/complications
R. M. B. Greenblatt, P., Barkan, S., Augenbraun, M., Silver, S., Delapenha, R., Garcia, P., Mathur, U., Miotti, P., Burns, D. (1999). Lower genital tract infections among HIV-infected and high-risk uninfected women: findings of the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). Sex Transm Dis, 26(3), 143-51.
Journal Article
Combined effects of HIV-infection status and psychosocial vulnerability on mental health in homosexual men
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol
1999
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10073115
The present study examines psychiatric symptomatology and syndromal depression among 174 HIV+ and 760 HIV- homosexual men enrolled in the Pittsburgh site of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). A central study goal was to determine whether men's psychosocial status in the areas of demographics, social supports, and coping, in combination with their HIV-infection status, was associated with mental health. Cross-sectional analyses indicated that HIV+ men had significantly higher levels of psychiatric symptomatology and syndromal depression than HIV- men. However, multivariate analyses showed that these associations only appeared among HIV+ men with certain psychosocial characteristics. HIV+ men who were younger, lacked full-time employment, claimed relatively high support from their relatives, and demonstrated high use of active behavioral coping strategies were at greater risk for psychiatric symptomatology and/or syndromal depression. Further, sense of mastery and frequent use of
10.1007/s001270050105
10073115
Adaptation, Psychological Adult Age Distribution Cohort Studies Comorbidity Cross-Sectional Studies Demography Depressive Disorder/epidemiology/*psychology Disease Susceptibility Educational Status HIV Seronegativity HIV Seropositivity/epidemiology/*psychology Homosexuality, Male/*psychology Humans Male Middle Aged Psychiatric Status Rating Scales Regression Analysis Risk Factors Social Support Socioeconomic Factors United States/epidemiology
W. C. D. Dickey, M. A., Becker, J. T., Kingsley, L. (1999). Combined effects of HIV-infection status and psychosocial vulnerability on mental health in homosexual men. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 34(1), 11-Apr.
Journal Article
Adjusting for measurement error to assess health effects of variability in biomarkers. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
Stat Med
1999
15-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10378256
Longitudinal studies of health effects often relate individuals' biomarker levels to disease progression. Repeated measurements also provide an opportunity to assess within-individual biomarker variability, and it is reasonable to postulate that this measure might provide additional information about a particular outcome variable. Given the existing precedent for application of adjustment methods to account for measurement error in subject-specific average levels of a covariate, this concept motivates the application of such methods to incorporate variability as well. In this paper, we investigate the nature of the relationship between the decline of CD4 cell count induced by infection with human immunodeficiency virus, and CD4 level and variability prior to infection. We first describe the distribution of repeated CD4 measurements prior to infection using a model that accounts both for random average levels and random subject-specific variance components. Based on this model, we defin
10.1002/(sici)1097-0258(19990515)18:9<1069::aid-sim97>3.0.co;2-7
10378256
*Biomarkers CD4 Lymphocyte Count *Epidemiologic Methods HIV Infections/epidemiology/physiopathology Hiv-1 Humans Likelihood Functions Linear Models Longitudinal Studies Male
R. H. M. Lyles, A., Xu, J., Taylor, J. M., Chmiel, J. S. (1999). Adjusting for measurement error to assess health effects of variability in biomarkers. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Stat Med, 18(9), 1069-86.
Journal Article
Classifying individuals based on predictors of random effects. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
Stat Med
1999
15-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9990691
Often one wishes to describe individuals according to whether their average exposure over a period of time is above or below some meaningful threshold. In this article, we treat predictors of random effects as diagnostic tools to aid in such classification, given that the true unobservable mean exposure for each of a set of individuals is defined according to a mixed linear model. Viewing candidate predictors in this light engenders the consideration of a unique set of performance criteria, and invites the use of nomenclature commonly used by epidemiologists and decision analysts to evaluate diagnostic techniques. We describe these criteria analytically and graphically under a random effects analysis of variance model, with the expressed goal of classifying subjects with regard to their true mean. Given knowledge of the model parameters, we compare typical predictors and illustrate the fact that completely new alternatives can arise depending on the particular set of criteria emphasize
10.1002/(sici)1097-0258(19990115)18:1<35::aid-sim995>3.0.co;2-#
9990691
Analysis of Variance Bayes Theorem Blood Pressure/physiology CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Computer Simulation HIV Seronegativity/*physiology HIV Seropositivity/*classification/immunology Humans Likelihood Functions Linear Models Male *Models, Biological Multicenter Studies as Topic *Predictive Value of Tests Prospective Studies Regression Analysis Sensitivity and Specificity
R. H. X. Lyles, J. (1999). Classifying individuals based on predictors of random effects. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Stat Med, 18(1), 35-52.
Journal Article
Association of HLA profiles with early plasma viral load, CD4+ cell count and rate of progression to AIDS following acute HIV-1 infection. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
AIDS
1998
12-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9833851
BACKGROUND: Host genetic factors, such as HLA alleles, play an important role in mediating the course of HIV-1 disease progression through largely undefined mechanisms. OBJECTIVES: To examine the association of HLA markers with HIV-1 RNA plasma viral load and other factors associated with course of disease progression in HIV-1 infection. DESIGN AND METHODS: A group of 139 HIV-1 seroconverters from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study had been typed for a variety of HLA markers. HIV-1 RNA plasma viral load was measured from frozen plasma specimens obtained approximately 9 months following seroconversion. CD4+ cell counts were available from the same study visit. Statistical analysis was performed using survival techniques and linear regression models to quantify the relative associations of an HLA score profile, HIV-1 RNA plasma viral load, CD4+ cell count and age with each other and with rate of progression to AIDS and death. RESULTS: Cox proportional hazards models showed statistically s
10.1097/00002030-199816000-00005
9833851
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology/*virology Acute Disease Adult Biomarkers CD4 Lymphocyte Count CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology Cohort Studies Disease Progression Follow-Up Studies HIV Seropositivity *HIV-1/immunology HLA Antigens/*immunology Humans Linear Models Male Proportional Hazards Models RNA, Viral Viral Load
A. J. H. Saah, D. R., Weng, S., Carrington, M., Mellors, J., Rinaldo, C. R., Jr., Mann, D., Apple, R., Phair, J. P., Detels, R., O'Brien, S., Enger, C., Johnson, P., Kaslow, R. A. (1998). Association of HLA profiles with early plasma viral load, CD4+ cell count and rate of progression to AIDS following acute HIV-1 infection. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. AIDS, 12(16), 2107-13.
Journal Article
Prognostic significance of plasma markers of immune activation, HIV viral load and CD4 T-cell measurements
AIDS
1998
10-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9764776
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prognostic significance for AIDS occurrence of plasma levels of immune activation markers in comparison with and in conjunction with HIV viral load and CD4 T-cell measurements. DESIGN: A retrospective analysis was conducted of three plasma activation markers, the soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor II (TNF-RII), neopterin and soluble interleukin-2 receptor levels, and of CD4 T-cell levels and plasma HIV viral load. SUBJECTS: The participants were 659 men taking part in the University of California Los Angeles Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study who were HIV-seropositive but AIDS-free in 1985. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Clinically defined AIDS within 3 years. Failure time statistical regression models for the time to development of AIDS were used to assess prognostic capacity of the parameters alone and in combination. RESULTS: All the markers had prognostic capability. The levels of the three plasma activation markers correlated well with each other (median r =
10.1097/00002030-199813000-00004
9764776
Antigens, CD/analysis Biomarkers CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Disease Progression HIV Infections/immunology/*physiopathology *HIV-1/immunology Homosexuality, Male Humans Male Neopterin/analysis Prognosis Receptors, Interleukin-2/analysis Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/analysis Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II Retrospective Studies Viral Load
J. L. T. Fahey, J. M., Manna, B., Nishanian, P., Aziz, N., Giorgi, J. V., Detels, R. (1998). Prognostic significance of plasma markers of immune activation, HIV viral load and CD4 T-cell measurements. AIDS, 12(13), 1581-90.
Journal Article
Immunologic effects of combined protease inhibitor and reverse transcriptase inhibitor therapy in previously treated chronic HIV-1 infection
AIDS
1998
1-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9792384
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of combination protease and reverse transcriptase inhibitor therapy in correcting HIV-1-induced lymphocyte subset abnormalities in previously treated adults. DESIGN: A 48-week observational study of lymphocyte subsets in 12 participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study who were already taking at least one reverse transcriptase inhibitor and added a protease inhibitor to their treatment regimen. Comparison groups were HIV-seronegative homosexual men, HIV-seronegative heterosexual men, and homosexual HIV-1-infected men who were long-term non-progressors. METHODS: Three-color immunofluorescence and monoclonal antibodies were used to assess HIV-1-induced lymphocyte subset alterations related to immune deficiency and immune activation. Plasma HIV-1 RNA levels were monitored to assess suppression of viral replication. RESULTS: CD4+ cell counts significantly increased and lymphocyte activation measured as CD38 and HLA-DR expression on CD8+ T cells signi
10.1097/00002030-199814000-00015
9792384
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use Antibodies, Monoclonal CD4 Lymphocyte Count Chronic Disease Cohort Studies Drug Therapy, Combination Fluorescent Antibody Technique HIV Infections/drug therapy/*immunology HIV Long-Term Survivors HIV Protease Inhibitors/*therapeutic use HIV Seronegativity *hiv-1 Homosexuality, Male Humans Lymphocyte Activation Male RNA, Viral/blood Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/*therapeutic use T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology Virus Replication
J. V. M. Giorgi, M. A., Johnson, T. D., Hultin, P., Matud, J., Detels, R. (1998). Immunologic effects of combined protease inhibitor and reverse transcriptase inhibitor therapy in previously treated chronic HIV-1 infection. AIDS, 12(14), 1833-44.
Journal Article
Anti-HIV type 1 memory cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses associated with changes in CD4+ T cell numbers in progression of HIV type 1 infection
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
1998
1-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9824320
We investigated memory cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTLm) responses to HIV-1 as a determinant of HIV-1 disease progression, in relation to plasma HIV-1 load and T lymphocyte numbers in a longitudinal study of 14 homosexual men with incident HIV-1 infection. Study participants were selected who exhibited failure of T cell homeostasis, i.e., a downward inflection in CD3+ T cells that occurs in >75% of persons 1.5 to 2.5 years before development of AIDS, and compared with participants who developed low CD4+ T cell counts associated with possible T cell homeostasis failure, a subject who progressed rapidly to AIDS without well-defined T cell inflection, and subjects who had long-term preservation of T cell homeostasis (nonprogressors). High CTLm responses against Gag, but not Pol or Env, soon after seroconversion were associated with a slower loss of CD4+ T cells 1-4 years after seroconversion. Anti-Env CTLm responses decreased in most subjects around the time that T cell homeostasis failed. Pl
10.1089/aid.1998.14.1423
9824320
CD4 Lymphocyte Count CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology Disease Progression HIV Infections/*immunology/physiopathology/virology HIV-1/*immunology Homeostasis Humans *Immunologic Memory Longitudinal Studies Male Phenotype T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*immunology/virology Viral Load Viremia/immunology/physiopathology/virology
C. R. Rinaldo, Jr., Gupta, P., Huang, X. L., Fan, Z., Mullins, J. I., Gange, S., Farzadegan, H., Shankarappa, R., Munoz, A., Margolick, J. B. (1998). Anti-HIV type 1 memory cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses associated with changes in CD4+ T cell numbers in progression of HIV type 1 infection. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 14(16), 1423-33.
Journal Article
Evolution of neutralizing antibody response against HIV type 1 virions and pseudovirions in multicenter AIDS cohort study participants
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
1998
20-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9686640
Changes in neutralizing antibody (NA) titers in stored sera collected over 5 years from 10 participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) were evaluated. The participants were HIV-1 infected on enrollment in the MACS, and remained AIDS free during the 5-year study interval. Seven viruses derived from molecular clones were used in NA assays; five of the viruses were T tropic (NL4-3, ALA1, NY5, SF2, and Z2Z6) and two were M tropic [AD8 and NL(SF162)]. In addition, pseudoviruses (PVs) were constructed that expressed envelope genes from NL4-3, ALA1, AD8, and SF162 and from primary viruses from two MACS participants (PV-9 and PV-10). There was significant correlation between NA titers obtained in four of five virus/PV comparisons, while the SF162 PV was more sensitive to NA than the corresponding virus. Comparable changes in NA titers were detected using viruses and PVs. Fourfold or greater increases in NA titers were noted in each of the participants, involving recognition of one
10.1089/aid.1998.14.939
9686640
Base Sequence Cell Line Cohort Studies Gene Products, env/immunology Genes, env/genetics Genetic Vectors HIV Antibodies/*blood HIV Antigens/immunology HIV-1/*immunology Humans Male Neutralization Tests Plasmids/genetics Transfection Virion/*immunology
G. V. Quinnan, Jr., Zhang, P. F., Fu, D. W., Dong, M., Margolick, J. B. (1998). Evolution of neutralizing antibody response against HIV type 1 virions and pseudovirions in multicenter AIDS cohort study participants. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 14(11), 939-49.
Journal Article
Perspectives on the role of CD8+ cell suppressor factors and cytotoxic T lymphocytes during HIV infection
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
1998
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9672233
It is clear that HIV burden drives CD8+ cell expansion and activation in vivo, but it has been difficult to determine whether the CD8+ cell response represents a significant anti-HIV force during the natural history of infection. This issue is illustrated by the fact that CD8+ cells cannot clear HIV infection, providing less than satisfactory evidence that CD8+ cells have any substantial effect on viral replication in vivo. The diligent efforts of a number of laboratories, however, are revealing the magnitude of the anti-HIV CD8+ cell arsenal. It is now well established that CD8+ cells can suppress viral dissemination and rates of HIV transcription in addition to their ability to destroy virus-infected cells directly. This is achieved through production of a growing family of HIV suppressor factors. These exciting developments are paving the way for new studies to readdress and potentially redefine the role of HIV-specific CD8+ cell responses during HIV infection. As we complete our un
9672233
Animals CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology HIV Infections/*immunology Humans
J. Ferbas (1998). Perspectives on the role of CD8+ cell suppressor factors and cytotoxic T lymphocytes during HIV infection. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 14 Suppl 2(), S153-60.
Journal Article
Analysis of a biallelic polymorphism in the tumor necrosis factor alpha promoter and HIV type 1 disease progression
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
1998
1-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9519891
The relevance of a TNF-alpha promoter polymorphism, a G-to-A polymorphic sequence at position-308, was examined to test whether variant alleles of TNF-alpha affect susceptibility to infection with HIV-1 and progression to AIDS. Analysis of specimens from cohorts of HIV-1 positive homosexual men demonstrated that 3 of the 32 (9.4%) HIV-1-infected long-term nonprogressors (LTNPs) were homozygous for the uncommon TNF-2 allele compared with 3 of the 196 (1.5%) HIV-1-seronegative blood donors and uninfected homosexual men (p < 0.05). There was no difference in heterozygosity among HIV-1-seropositive or -seronegative groups, although some of the seropositive men heterozygous for the TNF2 genotype were also heterozygous for CCR5delta32. However, no significant association was found between TNF genotypes and time of survival, CD4 slopes, or viral loads when seroincident (n = 109) and seroprevalent cases (n = 442) from the Chicago MACS were analyzed. Functional analysis of lymphocytes from the
10.1089/aid.1998.14.305
9519891
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/etiology/genetics/immunology Alleles Cohort Studies Genotype HIV Infections/*genetics/*immunology HIV Seronegativity/genetics/immunology HIV Seropositivity/genetics/immunology *hiv-1 Heterozygote Homosexuality, Male Homozygote Humans In Vitro Techniques Lymphocytes/immunology Male *Polymorphism, Genetic Promoter Regions, Genetic Receptors, CCR5/genetics Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/biosynthesis/*genetics
M. C. S. Knuchel, T. J., Neumann, A. U., Xiao, L., Rudolph, D. L., Phair, J., Wolinsky, S. M., Koup, R. A., Cohen, O. J., Folks, T. M., Lal, R. B. (1998). Analysis of a biallelic polymorphism in the tumor necrosis factor alpha promoter and HIV type 1 disease progression. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 14(4), 305-9.
Journal Article
The HIV type 1 coreceptor CCR5 and its role in viral transmission and disease progression
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
1998
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9581891
The purified CD4+ lymphocytes of a group of highly exposed but HIV-1-uninfected individuals were determined to be less susceptible to infection with multiple non-syncytium-inducing (NSI) primary isolates of HIV-1 than were CD4+ lymphocytes from nonexposed control individuals. This relative resistance to HIV-1 infection did not extend to T cell line-adapted or syncytium-inducing (SI) primary viral isolates, was restricted by the envelope glycoprotein, and was associated with an increased production of the C-C chemokines RANTES, MIP-1alpha, and MIP-1beta. The block to replication in CD4+ lymphocytes from two exposed-uninfected subjects was at the point of entry, as was the block imposed by the recombinant C-C chemokines RANTES, MIP-1alpha, and MIP-1beta. Resistance to infection and the high production of beta chemokines were characteristic of every CD4+ lymphocyte clone from the exposed-uninfected subjects. We have now identified the mechanism underlying this in vitro and in vivo resista
9581891
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/virology Cohort Studies Disease Progression Gene Frequency HIV Infections/epidemiology/genetics/immunology/*transmission HIV-1/genetics/*physiology Homosexuality, Male Homozygote Humans Incidence Male Prevalence Receptors, CCR5/*genetics/physiology Sequence Deletion
W. A. K. Paxton, S., Koup, R. A. (1998). The HIV type 1 coreceptor CCR5 and its role in viral transmission and disease progression. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 14 Suppl 1(), S89-92.
Journal Article
Use of neural networks to model complex immunogenetic associations of disease: Human leukocyte antigen impact on the progression of human immunodeficiency virus infection
Am J Epidemiol
1998
1-Mar
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9525533/
Complex immunogenetic associations of disease involving a large number of gene products are difficult to evaluate with traditional statistical methods and may require complex modeling. The authors evaluated the performance of feed-forward backpropagation neural networks in predicting rapid progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) for patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on the basis of major histocompatibility complex variables. Networks were trained on data from patients from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (n = 139) and then validated on patients from the DC Gay cohort (n = 102). The outcome of interest was rapid disease progression, defined as progression to AIDS in <6 years from seroconversion. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) variables were selected as network inputs with multivariate regression and a previously described algorithm selecting markers with extreme point estimates for progression risk. Network performance was compared with that of
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009472
9525533
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome hiv hla antigens logistic models major histocompatibility complex neural networks (computer) major histocompatibility complex hiv-1 infection aids molecules prediction cohort
J. P. A. M. Ioannidis, P. G., Goedert, J. J., Kaslow, R. A. (1998). Use of neural networks to model complex immunogenetic associations of disease: Human leukocyte antigen impact on the progression of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Am J Epidemiol, 147(5), 464-471.
Journal Article
Dating the origin of the CCR5-D32 AIDS-resistance allele by the coalescence of haplotypes
Am J Hum Genet
1998
Jun-98
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9585595
The CCR5-Delta32 deletion obliterates the CCR5 chemokine and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 coreceptor on lymphoid cells, leading to strong resistance against HIV-1 infection and AIDS. A genotype survey of 4,166 individuals revealed a cline of CCR5-Delta32 allele frequencies of 0%-14% across Eurasia, whereas the variant is absent among native African, American Indian, and East Asian ethnic groups. Haplotype analysis of 192 Caucasian chromosomes revealed strong linkage disequilibrium between CCR5 and two microsatellite loci. By use of coalescence theory to interpret modern haplotype genealogy, we estimate the origin of the CCR5-Delta32-containing ancestral haplotype to be approximately 700 years ago, with an estimated range of 275-1,875 years. The geographic cline of CCR5-Delta32 frequencies and its recent emergence are consistent with a historic strong selective event (e.g. , an epidemic of a pathogen that, like HIV-1, utilizes CCR5), driving its frequency upward in ancestral
10.1086/301867
9585595
PMC1377146
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome AIDS Alleles analysis Ethnic Groups Evolution,Molecular Gene Deletion Gene Frequency genetics Genotype Haplotypes Hiv-1 HIV-1 infection Human human immunodeficiency virus Hybrid Cells Immunity,Natural immunodeficiency immunology infection Laboratories Linkage Disequilibrium population Receptors,CCR5 resistance United States virus
J. C. R. Stephens, D.E., Goldstein, D.B., Shin, H.D., Smith, M.W., Carrington, M., Winkler, C., Huttley, G.A., Allikmets, R., Schriml, L., Gerrard, B., Malasky, M., Ramos, M.D., Morlot, S., Tzetis, M., Oddoux, C., di Giovine, F.S., Nasioulas, G., Chandler, D., Aseev, M., Hanson, M., Kalaydjieva, L., Glavac, D., Gasparini, P., Kanavakis, E., Claustres, M., Kambouris, M., Ostrer, H., Duff, G., Baranov, V., Sibul, H., Metspalu, A., Goldman, D., Martin, N., Duffy, D., Schmidtke, J., Estivill, X., O'Brien, S.J., Dean, M. (1998). Dating the origin of the CCR5-D32 AIDS-resistance allele by the coalescence of haplotypes. Am J Hum Genet, 62(6), 1507-1515. PMC1377146
Journal Article
Reproductive health hospitalizations among women with human immunodeficiency virus infections
Am J Obstet Gynecol
1998
Jan
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9465823/
OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to determine types of inpatient admissions among human immunodeficiency virus-infected women both before and after the human immunodeficiency virus diagnosis, so that we might outline opportunities for intervention. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 292 human immunodeficiency virus-infected women were interviewed about the reproductive history and prior hospitalizations. A reproductive health hospitalization was defined as either an obstetric admission or a gynecologic admission. Other admissions were categorized as either human immunodeficiency virus related, possibly human immunodeficiency virus related, or not human immunodeficiency virus related. Assignments were made independently by two human immunodeficiency virus specialists, if there was a conflict, a third reviewer was used. RESULTS: In the 10 years before study entry 44.4% of women had at least one obstetric admission, 30.4% had at least one gynecologic admission, 3.1% had at least one human immunodeficiency v
10.1016/s0002-9378(98)70646-5
9465823
human immunodeficiency virus hiv hospitalization obstetric gynecologic hiv-infection progression syphilis disease aids
H. E. Minkoff, Ira, Feldman, Joseph, Holman, Susan, Fazili, Serena, Augenbraun, Michael (1998). Reproductive health hospitalizations among women with human immunodeficiency virus infections. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 178(1), 166-170.
Journal Article
A longitudinal study of human papillomavirus carriage in human immunodeficiency virus-infected and human immunodeficiency virus-uninfected women
Am J Obstet Gynecol
1998
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9609571
OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the relationship of human immunodeficiency virus serostatus to carriage of oncogenic human papillomavirus. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 268 human immunodeficiency virus-infected and 265 human immunodeficiency virus-uninfected women were seen every 6 months, at which time they had laboratory tests performed including a CD4 count. Human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction. Statistical methods included Kaplan-Meier and Cox's proportional hazard models. RESULTS: The prevalence at baseline of any human papillomavirus type was 73% and 43% among human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive and seronegative women, respectively (p < 0.0001) and of oncogenic types was 32.5% and 17.0% (p < 0.001). The prevalence of oncogenic human papillomavirus was higher in women with CD4 counts <200 mm3 (p < 0.001). The rate of detection of new oncogenic human papillomavirus per 100 patient years of follow-up in human immunodeficienc
10.1016/s0002-9378(98)70535-6
9609571
CD4 Lymphocyte Count DNA, Viral/analysis Female HIV Infections/*virology HIV Seronegativity HIV Seropositivity/virology Humans Longitudinal Studies Papillomaviridae/classification/genetics/*isolation & purification Polymerase Chain Reaction
H. F. Minkoff, J., DeHovitz, J., Landesman, S., Burk, R. (1998). A longitudinal study of human papillomavirus carriage in human immunodeficiency virus-infected and human immunodeficiency virus-uninfected women. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 178(5), 982-6.
Journal Article
Repertoire of chemokine receptor expression in the female genital tract: implications for human immunodeficiency virus transmission
Am J Pathol
1998
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9708808
Sexually transmitted diseases, genital ulcer disease, and progesterone therapy increase susceptibility to lentivirus transmission. Infection of cells by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is dependent on expression of specific chemokine receptors known to function as HIV co-receptors. Quantitative kinetic reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was developed to determine the in vivo expression levels of CCR5, CXCR4, CCR3, CCR2b, and the cytomegalovirus-encoded US28 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and cervical biopsies from 12 women with and without sexually transmitted diseases, genital ulcer disease, and progesterone-predominant conditions. Our data indicate that CCR5 is the major HIV co-receptor expressed in the female genital tract, and CXCR4 is the predominantly expressed HIV co-receptor in peripheral blood. CCR5 mRNA expression in the ectocervix was 10-fold greater than CXCR4, 20-fold greater than CCR2b, and 100-fold greater than CCR3. In peripheral blood, CXCR4 expr
10.1016/S0002-9440(10)65591-5
9708808
PMC1852974
Adult Cells, Cultured Cervix Uteri/immunology/*metabolism Female Gene Expression Regulation Genotype HIV Infections/blood/immunology/metabolism/*transmission Humans Immunoenzyme Techniques Immunophenotyping Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects/metabolism Microscopy, Fluorescence Middle Aged Mucous Membrane/immunology Progesterone/pharmacology RNA, Messenger/analysis Receptors, Chemokine/blood/genetics/*metabolism Time Factors
B. K. L. Patterson, A., Andersson, J., Brown, C., Behbahani, H., Jiyamapa, D., Burki, Z., Stanislawski, D., Czerniewski, M. A., Garcia, P. (1998). Repertoire of chemokine receptor expression in the female genital tract: implications for human immunodeficiency virus transmission. Am J Pathol, 153(2), 481-90. PMC1852974
Journal Article
Acute HIV syndrome after discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy in a patient treated before seroconversion
Ann Intern Med
1998
15-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9599194
10.7326/0003-4819-128-10-199805150-00005
9599194
Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use CD4-CD8 Ratio Drug Therapy, Combination HIV Infections/*drug therapy/immunology/virology HIV Seropositivity Humans Lamivudine/therapeutic use Male RNA, Viral/blood Ritonavir/therapeutic use T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism Zidovudine/therapeutic use
E. S. B. Daar, J., Hausner, M. A., Majchrowicz, M., Tamaddon, M., Giorgi, J. V. (1998). Acute HIV syndrome after discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy in a patient treated before seroconversion. Ann Intern Med, 128(10), 827-9.
Journal Article
IL-6 receptor (CD126'IL-6R') expression is increased on monocytes and B lymphocytes in HIV infection
Cell Immunol
1998
12/15/1998
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9878116
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine, with a wide range of effects on various cell types, including several types of cells involved in immune responses. IL-6 is believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases and may contribute to AIDS pathogenesis in various ways. Elevated levels of IL-6 occur in HIV infection. The objective of this study was to define the distribution of the expression of the 80-kDa alpha subunit of the IL-6 receptor (CD126'IL-6R') on immune cell subpopulations in HIV-infected subjects. CD126 is responsible for IL-6 binding, and its expression determines which cells respond to this cytokine. An elevated number of monocytes, B cells, and CD4 T cells expressing CD126 were seen in the peripheral circulation of HIV-infected subjects when compared to HIV-seronegative control subjects. Also, an increase in the density of CD126 expression was noted on monocytes. Generally, the observed increases in CD126 did not correlate with CD4 levels in HIV
10.1006/cimm.1998.1387
9878116
Adult AIDS Antigens Antigens,CD14 Antigens,CD19 B cells B-Lymphocytes biosynthesis blood CD4 CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes CD8 CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes cohort Cohort Studies cohort study control cytokine Disease DNA-Binding Proteins genetics Hiv HIV infection HIV Infections Human immune immunology Immunophenotyping infection Interleukin-6 Los Angeles lymphocyte Lymphocytes MACS Male metabolism microbiology Monocytes Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study pharmacology Phosphorylation Receptors,Interleukin-6 study Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. t cell t-cells Trans-Activators United States
M. G. van der Meijden, J., Breen, E.C., Taga, T., Kishimoto, T., Martinez-Maza, O. (1998). IL-6 receptor (CD126'IL-6R') expression is increased on monocytes and B lymphocytes in HIV infection. Cell Immunol, 190(2), 156-166.
Journal Article
Cytokines, plasma immune activation markers, and clinically relevant surrogate markers in human immunodeficiency virus infection
Clin Diagn Lab Immunol
1998
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9729522
9729522
PMC95626
Biomarkers/*blood Cytokines/*blood HIV Infections/*immunology/virology Humans
J. L. Fahey (1998). Cytokines, plasma immune activation markers, and clinically relevant surrogate markers in human immunodeficiency virus infection. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol, 5(5), 597-603. PMC95626
Journal Article
Cytokine gene expression in normal human lymphocytes in response to stimulation
Clin Diagn Lab Immunol
1998
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9605988
Sequential gene expression of two type 1 cytokines (interleukin 2 [IL-2] and gamma interferon), one type 2 cytokine (IL-10), two monokines (IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha), and one cytokine receptor (IL-2 receptor [IL-2R]) in normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) following in vitro stimulation was investigated by reverse transcription-PCR methods. Two stimuli were utilized: phytohemagglutinin (PHA), which acts on the CD2 molecule and T-cell receptors, and anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody, which acts on the CD3 molecule and on T-cell receptors. Increased expression of all studied genes occurred between 1 and 4 hours after stimulation, except for that of the gene encoding IL-10, which was delayed. Expression of all but one of the genes was transient, with a maximal mRNA accumulation at about 8 h on average. IL-2R mRNA expression was an exception, showing a prolonged increase (72 h). The general profiles of expression of the five cytokine genes were similar but not iden
9605988
PMC104521
Antibodies, Monoclonal Cytokines/biosynthesis/*genetics Gene Expression Humans Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis/genetics Interleukins/biosynthesis/genetics Kinetics *Lymphocyte Activation Lymphocytes/*immunology Phytohemagglutinins/pharmacology Polymerase Chain Reaction RNA, Messenger/analysis Receptors, Interleukin-2/biosynthesis/genetics Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/biosynthesis/genetics
J. N. Fan, P., Breen, E. C., McDonald, M., Fahey, J. L. (1998). Cytokine gene expression in normal human lymphocytes in response to stimulation. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol, 5(3), 335-40. PMC104521
Journal Article
Levels of cytokines and immune activation markers in plasma in human immunodeficiency virus infection: quality control procedures
Clin Diagn Lab Immunol
1998
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9801330
Procedures for quality control (QC) in a laboratory that concentrates on cytokine and soluble marker measurements in biological fluids are outlined. Intra-assay, interassay, and interlaboratory experiences are presented. Plasma and serum beta2-microglobulin (beta2M) and neopterin test data are presented in greatest detail, along with substantial tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), gamma interferon, soluble interleukin-2 receptor-alpha (sIL-2Ralpha), sTNF-RII, IL-4, and IL-6 data. Recommended QC procedures for cytokine and soluble-marker testing include replicate testing of two or more reference samples provided by the kit manufacturer, replicate testing of in-house frozen reference QC samples that represent normal and abnormal analyte contents, retesting 15 to 20% of randomly selected samples, and comparing normal reference ranges each year. Also, eight cytokines and soluble markers were evaluated in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seronegative and HIV-seropositive individuals
9801330
PMC96197
Biomarkers/blood Blood Chemical Analysis/*standards CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cytokines/*blood HIV Infections/*diagnosis/*immunology Humans Immunoenzyme Techniques Laboratories/standards Neopterin/*blood Quality Control Radioimmunoassay Reagent Kits, Diagnostic Reference Values Reproducibility of Results beta 2-Microglobulin/*analysis
N. N. Aziz, P., Fahey, J. L. (1998). Levels of cytokines and immune activation markers in plasma in human immunodeficiency virus infection: quality control procedures. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol, 5(6), 755-61. PMC96197
Journal Article
Oral fluids as an alternative to serum for measurement of markers of immune activation
Clin Diagn Lab Immunol
1998
Jul-98
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9665958
Oral fluids are convenient alternatives to blood sampling for evaluating significant metabolic components. Two forms of oral fluids, oral mucosal transudates (OMT) and saliva, were collected and compared for content of soluble products of immune activation. The data confirm that OMT and saliva represent distinct body fluids. The concentrations, outputs, and analyte/protein ratios of beta-2-microglobulin (beta2M), soluble tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor II (sTNFalphaRII), and neopterin were measured. Both the OMT and the saliva of most of the individuals in the control healthy populations had measurable levels of all three activation markers. When the immune system is activated, as in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, the levels of beta2M and sTNFalphaRII are increased in both OMT and saliva compared to those in a healthy control population. OMT levels correlated better with levels in serum than did saliva and appear to reflect systemic immune activation in HIV infectio
9665958
PMC95609
activation AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections analysis Antigens Antigens,CD beta 2-Microglobulin Biological Markers blood Candidiasis,Oral Case-Control Studies complications control Disease Exudates and Transudates Hiv HIV infection HIV Infections HIV Seronegativity HIV Seropositivity Human human immunodeficiency virus immune immune activation Immune System immunodeficiency immunology infection Los Angeles Male marker markers measurement metabolism Mouth Mucosa Necrosis Neopterin population Receptors,Tumor Necrosis Factor research saliva secretion Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. Tumor Necrosis Factor United States virus
P. A. Nishanian, N., Chung, J., Detels, R., Fahey, J.L. (1998). Oral fluids as an alternative to serum for measurement of markers of immune activation. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol, 5(4), 507-512. PMC95609
Journal Article
Decline in total T cell count is associated with onset of AIDS, independent of CD4+ lymphocyte count: implications for AIDS pathogenesis
Clin Immunol Immunopathol
1998
Sep-98
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9743612
We previously reported that blind T cell homeostasis, in which the total T cell count is maintained but the CD4(+) and CD8(+) subset composition of the T cells can vary, fails approximately 1.5 to 2.5 years before the onset of AIDS. The present study was premised on the hypothesis that if failure of T cell homeostasis (i.e., a decline in total T cell counts) is important in the pathogenesis of AIDS, it should be a significant predictor of AIDS after controlling for the CD4(+) lymphocyte count. Data from 1556 homosexual men with sufficient sequential T cell subset measurements were evaluated, representing 11,988 person-visits in men with known clinical outcomes over a period of more than 10 years. Using regression models that incorporated CD4(+) lymphocyte count and HIV-related symptoms (fever, thrush), it was determined that a yearly decline of more than 300 T cells/microliter of peripheral blood was an independent predictor of the onset of AIDS for subjects with CD4(+) lymphocyte coun
10.1006/clin.1998.4577
9743612
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome AIDS Baltimore blood CD4 Lymphocyte Count CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes Cell Count clinical Cohort Studies cytology Fever Follow-Up Studies HIV Infections HIV Seropositivity Hiv-1 Homeostasis homosexual homosexual men Human immunology lymphocyte Lymphocyte Count Male measurement model Multicenter Studies predictor study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. t cell t-cells T-Lymphocytes United States CD4+ pathogenesis
J. B. D. Margolick, A.D., Chu, C., O'Gorman, M.R.G, Giorgi, J.V., Muñoz, A. (1998). Decline in total T cell count is associated with onset of AIDS, independent of CD4+ lymphocyte count: implications for AIDS pathogenesis. Clin Immunol Immunopathol, 88(3), 256-263.
Journal Article
Reference standards and quality performance considerations for measurements of cytokines and soluble markers of immune activation
Clin Immunol Newsletter
1998
1998
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0197185900891785
10.1016/S0197-1859(00)89178-5
activation cytokine Cytokines immune immune activation marker markers measurement Quality Control Reference Standards standards
J. L. A. Fahey, N., Nishanian, P. (1998). Reference standards and quality performance considerations for measurements of cytokines and soluble markers of immune activation. Clin Immunol Newsletter, 18(8-Jul), 69-72.
Journal Article
HIV infection and associated conditions
Clinical Neuropsychology. A Pocket Handbook for Assessment
1998
clinical Hiv HIV infection infection neuropsychology
Book Section
Quantitation of CD38 activation antigen expression on CD8+ T cells in HIV-1 infection using CD4 expression on CD4+ T lymphocytes as a biological calibrator
Cytometry
1998
1-Oct
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9773872/
For some membrane-associated antigens, the number of molecules expressed per cell carries information about the cell's differentiation and activation state. Quantitating antigen expression by flow cytometry has immediate application in monitoring CD38 expression on CD8(+) T cells in human immunodeficiency virus I-associated disease, where elevated CD38 antigen expression is a marker of CD8+ T-cell activation and a poor prognostic indicator. Reproducible methods are needed in order to quantify such antigens. Here me describe a reproducible method for quantitative fluorescence cytometry (QFCM) that depends on the tightly regulated expression of CD4 antigen on human CB4(+) T lymphocytes, which we estimated in a study of 57 normal donors to have an interperson coefficient of variation of 4.9%. Using phycoerythrin (PE)-conjugated CD4 monoclonal antibody (mAb) with a nominal fluorochrome to protein ratio of 1:1 and a nominal published value of approximately 50,000 CD4 antibody molecules boun
10.1002/(sici)1097-0320(19981001)33:2<123::Aid-cyto6>3.0.Co;2-k
9773872
cd38 cd4 antigen quantitation fluorescence intensity hiv/aids prognosis facs interlaboratory standardization flow-cytometry membrane-antigens antibody-binding peripheral-blood hla-dr surface progression standards subsets markers
L. E. M. Hultin, Jose L., Giorgi, Janis V. (1998). Quantitation of CD38 activation antigen expression on CD8+ T cells in HIV-1 infection using CD4 expression on CD4+ T lymphocytes as a biological calibrator. Cytometry, 33(2), 123-132.
Journal Article
Quantitation of CD38 expression using QuantiBRITETM beads
Cytometry
1998
10/1/1998
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9773881
The QuantiBRITE bead method was compared with the CD4 biological calibration method for quantitation of CD38 expression on CD8+ T- lymphocytes of Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study participants. Results were expressed as CD38 antibodies bound per cell (ABCs) and were the same with the two methods provided two conditions were met. These were the use of repurified (> 95% of the monoclonal antibodies [mAbs] have 1 phycoerythrin [PE] molecule per mAb) CD38-PE for both methods and use of repurified CD4-PE to calculate the relative fluorescence intensity multiplier for the CD4 biological calibration method. Our results indicate that the prognostic significance of CD38 values obtained using the QuantiBRITE method can be interpreted using previously published reports (Liu et al.: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 16:83- 92, 1997 and 18:332-340, 1998). Sample preparation using NH4Cl and FACS lysing solution gave similar results for CD38 relative fluorescence intensity. Dilution into either
10.1002/(sici)1097-0320(19981001)33:2<206::aid-cyto15>3.0.co;2-y
9773881
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome AIDS analysis Antibodies Antibodies,Monoclonal antibody Antigens Antigens,CD4 Antigens,Differentiation blood Calibration CD4 CD8+ CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes chemistry cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Comparative Study Flow Cytometry Human immune immunology lymphocyte Lymphocytes Male methods Microspheres Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Multicenter Studies NAD+ Nucleosidase Phycoerythrin Reference Standards study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. t lymphocytes Tumor Cells,Cultured United States
S. B. H. Iyer, L.E., Zawadzki, J.A., Davis, K.A., Giorgi, J.V. (1998). Quantitation of CD38 expression using QuantiBRITETM beads. Cytometry, 33(2), 206-212.
Journal Article
Methodological issues for biomarkers and intermediate outcomes in cohort studies
Epidemiol Rev
1998
1998
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9762507
10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a017970
9762507
*Biomarkers *Cohort Studies Disease Progression Disease Susceptibility Environmental Exposure HIV Infections Humans Time Factors
A. G. Munoz, S. J. (1998). Methodological issues for biomarkers and intermediate outcomes in cohort studies. Epidemiol Rev, 20(1), 29-42.
Journal Article
Evolution of the cohort study
Epidemiol Rev
1998
1998
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9762505
10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a017964
9762505
*Cohort Studies Disease Progression HIV Infections/epidemiology History, 20th Century Humans Japan Male Multicenter Studies as Topic United States
J. M. M. Samet, A. (1998). Evolution of the cohort study. Epidemiol Rev, 20(1), 14-Jan.
Journal Article
The Women's Interagency HIV Study. WIHS Collaborative Study Group
Epidemiology
1998
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9504278
The Women's Interagency HIV Study comprises the largest U.S. cohort to date of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive women (N = 2,058) with a comparison cohort of seronegative women (N = 568). The methodology, training, and quality assurance activities employed are described. The study population, enrolled between October 1994 and November 1995 through six clinical consortia throughout the United States (totaling 23 sites) represents a typically hard-to-reach study population. More than half of the women in each cohort were living below the federally defined levels of poverty. The women ranged in age from 16 to 73 years; approximately one-quarter self-identified as Latina or Hispanic, over one-half as African-American not of Hispanic origin, and less than 20% as white, non-Hispanic origin. Self-reporting of HIV exposure risk included injection drug use by 34% of the seropositive women and 28% of the seronegative women, heterosexual contact (42% vs 26%), transfusion risk (4% v
10.1097/00001648-199803000-00004
9504278
Adolescent Adult Aged Cohort Studies Disease Progression Epidemiologic Methods Female HIV Infections/*epidemiology/etiology/physiopathology *HIV Seroprevalence Humans Middle Aged *Risk-Taking *Women's Health
S. E. M. Barkan, S. L., Preston-Martin, S., Weber, K., Kalish, L. A., Miotti, P., Young, M., Greenblatt, R., Sacks, H., Feldman, J. (1998). The Women's Interagency HIV Study. WIHS Collaborative Study Group. Epidemiology, 9(2), 117-25.
Journal Article
Prevalence, risk factors, and accuracy of cytologic screening for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in women with the human immunodeficiency virus
Gynecol Oncol
1998
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9570972
OBJECTIVES: The objective was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of cervical cytology in women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), risk factors for abnormal cytology in HIV-infected and uninfected women, and risk factors for histologic diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in HIV-infected women. METHODS: Methods included a cross-sectional analysis of cervical cytology, colposcopic impression, and histology in 248 HIV-infected women and multivariate analyses of risk factors for abnormal cytology in 253 HIV-infected and 220 uninfected women and risk factors for CIN in 186 HIV-infected women. RESULTS: The sensitivity and specificity of cytology for all CIN grades were 0.60 and 0.80 and, for high-grade CIN, 0.83 and 0.74. The prevalence of abnormal cytology was 32.9% in HIV-infected and 7.6% in HIV-negative women. Independent risk factors for abnormal cytology were immunodeficiency [odds ratio (OR) 8-17, P < 0.001] and human papillomavirus (HPV) i
10.1006/gyno.1998.4938
9570972
Adult Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia/*pathology/*virology Cervix Uteri/*cytology/*virology Cross-Sectional Studies Female *hiv HIV Infections/*pathology Humans Multivariate Analysis Prevalence Risk Factors Sensitivity and Specificity Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/*pathology/*virology
M. F. Maiman, R. G., Sedlis, A., Feldman, J., Chen, P., Burk, R. D., Minkoff, H. (1998). Prevalence, risk factors, and accuracy of cytologic screening for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in women with the human immunodeficiency virus. Gynecol Oncol, 68(3), 233-9.
Journal Article
The coping and change sexual behavior and behavior change questionnaire
Handbook of Sexuality-Related Measures
1998
behavior change bisexual men coping HIV transmission homosexual men questionnaire sexual sexual behavior sexual risk index
Book Section
AIDS: a role for host genes
Hosp Pract (1995)
1998
15-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9679506
Suspicion that human genes affect the natural history of AIDS has been confirmed by discoveries of three such genes, one of which confers near-total immunity in about 1% of Caucasians. The findings suggest a novel therapeutic target: not HIV but the host's cooperation with it. They also herald an era in which genomes are seen as having been shaped by the evolutionary pressures of infection, and may thus hold evolution-tested therapies.
10.3810/hp.1998.07.96
9679506
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*genetics/*immunology Animals Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3/genetics Genome, Human Genotype Humans Mutation Receptors, CCR5/genetics Receptors, Chemokine/*genetics/immunology
S. J. O'Brien (1998). AIDS: a role for host genes. Hosp Pract (1995), 33(7), 53-6, 59-60, 66-7 passim.
Journal Article
The effect of prophylaxis with dapsone on development of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare disease: an analysis of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
Infectious Disease in Clinical Practice
1998
1998
https://journals.lww.com/infectdis/Abstract/1998/11000/The_Effect_of_Prophylaxis_With_Dapsone_on.8.aspx
AIDS analysis CD4 CD8 cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Cytomegalovirus dapsone Disease Hiv lymphocyte counts MACS Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study mycobacterium avium intracellulare PCP pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis study survival time Toxoplasmosis
D. S. H. Stein, D.R., Graham, N.M.H., Chu, C., Detels, R., Riddler, S.A., Phair, J.P., Saah, A.J. (1998). The effect of prophylaxis with dapsone on development of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare disease: an analysis of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Infectious Disease in Clinical Practice, 7(8), 395-399.
Journal Article
Chemokines are present in the genital tract of HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative women: correlation with other immune mediators
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol
1998
15-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9715841
In this cross-sectional study, 53 cervicovaginal lavage samples (CVL) from 41 women were analyzed for the chemokines interleukin-8 (IL-8), regulated-on-activation normal T-expressed and secreted (RANTES) factor, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). IL-8 was detected in 81% of CVL, whereas RANTES was detected in 32%, and MIP-1alpha in 15% of the CVL. The mean levels of IL-8, RANTES, and MIP-1alpha in positive samples were 396 pg/ml, 102 pg/ml, and 34 pg/ml, respectively. IL-8 levels correlated positively with IL-1beta and IgG in a subset of CVL samples. RANTES levels correlated positively with complement protein levels. Additionally, the levels of RANTES, but not MIP-1alpha, reached levels reported in previous studies of the effects of beta chemokines to inhibit HIV replication. These results suggest that measuring chemokines in CVL specimens can provide important information regarding immune responses in the genital tract
10.1097/00042560-199808150-00006
9715841
Cervix Uteri/*immunology Chemokine CCL3 Chemokine CCL4 Chemokine CCL5/analysis Cross-Sectional Studies Cytokines/*analysis Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Female HIV Seronegativity/*immunology HIV Seropositivity/*immunology Humans Interleukin-8/analysis Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins/analysis Papillomaviridae Papillomavirus Infections/immunology/pathology Therapeutic Irrigation Tumor Virus Infections/immunology/pathology Vagina/*immunology/pathology Vaginitis/immunology/pathology
G. T. S. Spear, B. E., Saarloos, M. N., Benson, C. A., Rydman, R., Massad, L. S., Gilmore, R., Landay, A. L. (1998). Chemokines are present in the genital tract of HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative women: correlation with other immune mediators. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol, 18(5), 454-9.
Journal Article
Factors associated with survival following secondary AIDS: 1988 to 1995
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol
1998
15-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9715847
The second AIDS-defining condition diagnosed chronologically is referred to in this report as the secondary AIDS diagnosis. In this study, we examined survival following a secondary AIDS diagnosis using demographic and clinical factors known within 1 year before secondary AIDS diagnosis. In a prospective cohort of 2412 HIV-seropositive homosexual men observed in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), 609 presented with a secondary AIDS diagnosis between January 1, 1988 and March 31, 1995. To analyze the data, we used survival analysis methods including the Kaplan-Meier product-limit estimator and extended Cox models that allow for nonproportional hazards. The median survival time after a secondary diagnosis was 10.3 months. Rapidity of progression from an initial AIDS diagnosis to a secondary diagnosis was not associated with survival. Drug treatment did not show a beneficial effect because of confounding by indication (i.e., selection bias) and limited efficacy on advanced disease
10.1097/00042560-199808150-00012
9715847
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy/immunology/*mortality Adult CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Humans Longitudinal Studies Lymphoma/complications/diagnosis Male Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis Probability Prognosis Proportional Hazards Models Prospective Studies Sarcoma, Kaposi/complications/diagnosis Statistics, Nonparametric Survival Analysis Time Factors
H. C. Huang, J. S., Detels, R., Hoover, D. R., Munoz, A. (1998). Factors associated with survival following secondary AIDS: 1988 to 1995. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol, 18(5), 495-504.
Journal Article
CXCR4 polymorphisms and HIV-1 pathogenesis
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol
1998
1-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9833755
10.1097/00042560-199812010-00017
9833755
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*genetics/*immunology/physiopathology HIV Infections/*genetics/*immunology/physiopathology Hiv-1 Humans *Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational Receptors, CCR5/genetics Receptors, CXCR4/*genetics
M. P. C. Martin, M., Dean, M., O'Brien, S. J., Sheppard, H. W., Wegner, S. A., Michael, N. L. (1998). CXCR4 polymorphisms and HIV-1 pathogenesis. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol, 19(4), 430.
Journal Article
Studies of antiretroviral therapy in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol
1998
1998
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9586644
The Food and Drug Administration has been increasingly reliant on surrogate end points to fast-track the licensing of antiretroviral agents. As a result, critical information, such as long-term adverse events, clinical progression rates, survival, and development of resistance, are not available before licensure. Therefore, phase IV studies conducted in large community- and/or clinic-based cohorts will become essential to fill in the gaps in the clinical knowledge base for many of these drugs, and observational cohort studies of HIV-infected patients have been used to address many of these questions. In addition to studies of antiretroviral impact on adverse events and outcomes, such cohorts can provide valuable data on utilization patterns, physician prescribing patterns, and the important issue of patient compliance with increasingly complicated drug regimens.
10.1097/00042560-199801001-00004
9586644
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/prevention & control Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*drug therapy/mortality Anti-HIV Agents/adverse effects/*therapeutic use Antibiotic Prophylaxis Cohort Studies Databases, Factual Disease Progression Drug Resistance, Microbial Humans Male Outcome Assessment, Health Care Prognosis Zidovudine/therapeutic use
N. M. Graham (1998). Studies of antiretroviral therapy in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol, 17 Suppl 1(), S9-12.
Journal Article
Accelerated changes (inflection points) in levels of serum immune activation markers and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells prior to AIDS onset
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol
1998
1-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9637581
The trajectories of change in CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes and serum neopterin and beta2-microglobulin (beta2M) levels were determined in 158 HIV-seropositive individuals during 5.5 years before a clinical AIDS diagnosis. Each patient was evaluated separately using a two-piece regression model with seven possible change points to identify any adverse change (inflection point) in the slopes of each immunologic marker of HIV infection. Two categories of subjects were distinguished for each marker--those with statistically significant inflection points and those who demonstrated a steady progression of changes to AIDS. Fifty-nine percent had an inflection point for CD4+ T cells. The frequency of inflection points for CD8+ was 49%, for serum neopterin -48% and for beta2M -38%. Inflection points were found over a 4-year span. Three distinctive categories of inflection points were observed on the basis of their independent occurrence: one was in CD4+ T cells, another in CD8+ T cells, and a thir
10.1097/00042560-199806010-00008
9637581
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*diagnosis/immunology Adult Biomarkers CD4-CD8 Ratio CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology Cohort Studies Disease Progression HIV Seropositivity/*immunology Humans Longitudinal Studies Los Angeles/epidemiology Male Middle Aged Neopterin/*blood Retrospective Studies Time Factors beta 2-Microglobulin/*analysis
P. T. Nishanian, J. M., Manna, B., Aziz, N., Grosser, S., Giorgi, J. V., Detels, R., Fahey, J. L. (1998). Accelerated changes (inflection points) in levels of serum immune activation markers and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells prior to AIDS onset. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol, 18(2), 162-70.
Journal Article
CD8+ T-lymphocyte activation in HIV-1 disease reflects an aspect of pathogenesis distinct from viral burden and immunodeficiency
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol
1998
1-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9704938
The CD8+ T-cell response is central to control and eventual elimination of persistent viral infections. Although it might be expected that CD8+ T-cell activation would be associated with a better clinical outcome during viral infections, in long-term HIV-1 infection, high levels of CD8+ T-cell activation are instead associated with faster disease progression. In this study, cell surface expression of CD38, a flow cytometric marker of T-cell activation of CD8+ T cells, had predictive value for HIV-1 disease progression that was in part independent of the predictive value of plasma viral burden and CD4+ T-cell number. Measurements of CD38 antigen expression on CD8+ T cells in HIV-1-infected patients may be of value for assessing prognosis and the impact of therapeutic interventions. The pathogenetic reason why CD8+ T-cell activation is associated with poor outcome in HIV-1 disease remains unknown. Possibly CD8+ T-cell activation contributes to immunologic exhaustion, hyporesponsiveness o
10.1097/00042560-199808010-00004
9704938
ADP-ribosyl Cyclase ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1 Antigens, CD/analysis Antigens, Differentiation/analysis Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use Biomarkers/analysis CD4 Lymphocyte Count CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology Chi-Square Distribution Cohort Studies Disease Progression Disease-Free Survival Follow-Up Studies HIV Infections/drug therapy/*etiology/immunology/virology *HIV-1/genetics/immunology/physiology Humans *Lymphocyte Activation Male Membrane Glycoproteins NAD+ Nucleosidase/analysis Prognosis Proportional Hazards Models RNA, Viral/blood *Viral Load
Z. C. Liu, W. G., Hultin, L. E., Kaplan, A. H., Detels, R., Giorgi, J. V. (1998). CD8+ T-lymphocyte activation in HIV-1 disease reflects an aspect of pathogenesis distinct from viral burden and immunodeficiency. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol, 18(4), 332-40.
Journal Article
Asymptotic confidence regions for kernel smoothing of a varying-coefficient model with longitudinal data
J Am Stat Assoc
1998
1998
https://amstat.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01621459.1998.10473800#.X4nrf9BKhPY
kernel smoothing longitudinal longitudinal data model
C. O. C. Wu, C.T., Hoover, D.R. (1998). Asymptotic confidence regions for kernel smoothing of a varying-coefficient model with longitudinal data. J Am Stat Assoc, 93(444), 1388-1402.
Journal Article
Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) in HIV infection: principles and clinical applications
J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care
1998
Jan-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9436167
Wasting is a common manifestation of AIDS that diminishes quality of life and is predictive of death. Body composition changes can occur in asymptomatic HIV infection, suggesting that early detection and treatment could potentially prevent the downward spiral to serious wasting. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a method for estimating body composition that is gaining widespread use among HIV-infected populations. In this article, the principles underlying BIA and its appropriate applications and limitations in HIV/AIDS are described.
10.1016/S1055-3290(98)80076-9
9436167
*Body Composition *Electric Impedance HIV Infections/*physiopathology HIV Wasting Syndrome/*diagnosis/physiopathology Humans
B. K. Swanson, J. K. (1998). Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) in HIV infection: principles and clinical applications. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care, 9(1), 49-54.
Journal Article
HIV-associated distal symmetrical polyneuropathy: clinical features and nursing management
J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care
1998
Mar-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9513138
DSPN is a common manifestation of HIV infection and/or its treatment that can have adverse effects on quality of life and functional status. The pathogenesis remains unclear but likely involves the elaboration of neurotoxic inflammatory cytokines and their metabolites. DSPN is often refractory to available pharmacological treatments, although new treatments involving NGF hold promise for effecting sustained symptom relief and reversing axonal degeneration. Further research is needed to determine the efficacy of nonpharmacological treatments, such as cognitive-behavioral therapies, to alleviate DSPN-associated pain.
10.1016/S1055-3290(98)80063-0
9513138
HIV Infections/*complications Humans Pain/drug therapy/etiology Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/diagnosis/etiology/*nursing
B. Z. Swanson, J. M., Paice, J. A. (1998). HIV-associated distal symmetrical polyneuropathy: clinical features and nursing management. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care, 9(2), 77-80.
Journal Article
Slowed information processing in HIV-1 disease. The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS)
J Clin Exp Neuropsychol
1998
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9672820
This investigation examined the effects of HIV-1 infection on speeded complex cognitive processing in a group of HIV-negative (n = 666), HIV-positive symptomatic (n = 156), and HIV-positive asymptomatic (n = 623) participants while controlling for the effects of slowed motor functioning, peripheral neuropathy, and several other putative confounds. Stroop Interference and reaction-time tasks served as anchor procedures to assess cognitive processing. The present findings suggest that HIV-1 infection is capable of compromising CNS-mediated cognitive processes (speeded processing) infringing upon their efficacy in the symptomatic stages of the disease while sparing individuals in the asymptomatic stage. The detrimental effects observed on information-processing mechanisms associated with HIV infection persisted despite the use of procedures to control for peripheral nerve integrity and other potential confounds.
10.1076/jcen.20.1.60.1489
9672820
AIDS Dementia Complex/*diagnosis/psychology Adult *Attention Cohort Studies Color Perception Discrimination Learning *hiv-1 Humans Longitudinal Studies Male Middle Aged *Neuropsychological Tests Problem Solving *Reaction Time Semantics
A. M. M. Llorente, E. N., D'Elia, L. F., Selnes, O. A., Wesch, J., Becker, J. T., Satz, P. (1998). Slowed information processing in HIV-1 disease. The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). J Clin Exp Neuropsychol, 20(1), 60-72.
Journal Article
Comparison of two measures of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 load in HIV risk groups
J Clin Microbiol
1998
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9817889
Levels of viral burden were compared across risk group and gender populations among 485 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected participants consisting of 190 male injection drug users (IDUs), 92 female IDUs, and 203 homosexual men. Viral burden was quantified by a microculture technique to determine cell-associated infectious units per 10(6) peripheral blood mononuclear cells (IUPM) and by reverse transcriptase PCR (Amplicor) to determine plasma HIV RNA levels. Adjusting for CD4(+) cell count, females had a lower infectious HIV load than all males combined (0. 33 log10 lower; P = 0.004), and homosexual men had a 0.29 log10 higher infectious viral load than all IDUs combined (P = 0.001). For HIV RNA levels, females had lower levels than males (0.19 log10 lower; P = 0.04), but no differences were observed by risk group. After controlling for percent CD4(+) cells, no differences were found by risk group for either assay, but females still had a 0.25 log10 lower infectious vi
10.1128/JCM.36.12.3647-3652.1998
9817889
PMC105256
Adult Age Factors Aged CD4 Lymphocyte Count Female HIV-1/genetics/*isolation & purification Homosexuality, Male Humans Male Middle Aged RNA, Viral/*blood Sex Factors Substance Abuse, Intravenous/virology
C. M. V. Lyles, D., Farzadegan, H., Astemborski, J., Margolick, J. B., Masters, B. A., Schroeder, J., Quinn, T. C. (1998). Comparison of two measures of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 load in HIV risk groups. J Clin Microbiol, 36(12), 3647-52. PMC105256
Journal Article
Quantification of cytokine mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells using branched DNA (bDNA) technology
J Immunol Methods
1998
6/1/1998
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9744754
Changes in the patterns of cytokine expression are thought to be of central importance in human infectious and inflammatory diseases. As such, there is a need for precise, reproducible assays for quantification of cytokine mRNA that are amenable to routine use in a clinical setting. In this report, we describe the design and performance of a branched DNA (bDNA) assay for the direct quantification of multiple cytokine mRNA levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Oligonucleotide target probe sets were designed for several human cytokines, including TNFalpha, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IFNgamma. The bDNA assay yielded highly reproducible quantification of cytokine mRNAs, exhibited a broad linear dynamic range of over 3-log10, and showed a sensitivity sufficient to measure at least 3000 molecules. The potential clinical utility of the bDNA assay was explored by measuring cytokine mRNA levels in PBMCs from healthy and immunocompromised individuals. Cytokine expression levels
10.1016/s0022-1759(98)00079-9
9744754
analysis biosynthesis blood Blood Donors clinical cytokine Cytokines Disease Dna HIV Seropositivity Hiv-1 Human immunology Leukocytes,Mononuclear Linear Models marker markers metabolism mRNA Netherlands Nucleic Acid Conformation Oligonucleotide Probes PBMC Reproducibility of Results Rna RNA,Messenger Sensitivity and Specificity seropositive study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S.
L.-P. S. Shen, P., Cao, W.W., Dailey, P.J., Salazar-Gonzalez, J.F., Breen, E.C., Fahey, J.L., Urdea, M.S., Kolberg, J.A. (1998). Quantification of cytokine mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells using branched DNA (bDNA) technology. J Immunol Methods, 215(2-Jan), 123-134.
Journal Article
Human papillomavirus, anal squamous intraepithelial lesions, and human immunodeficiency virus in a cohort of gay men
J Infect Dis
1998
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9652422
Cross-sectional associations between human papillomavirus (HPV), anal squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were studied in a cohort of gay men. HPV DNA was detected by generic and type-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) probes and hybrid capture assay (HC). HPV virus load was estimated by HC relative light unit (RLU) ratio. HPV prevalence, number of HPV types detected, and HC RLU ratios were each greater in HIV-positive than HIV-negative participants. Further, among HIV-positive men, HC RLU ratio was inversely associated with CD4 cell count. SIL was more frequent in HIV-positive participants, particularly those with a CD4 cell count <200/microL and was positively associated with HPV. Men with a high HC RLU ratio were nearly 3 times more likely to have SIL than were those both PCR- and HC-negative. These data support that HIV augments HPV-associated anal disease in this population.
10.1086/515608
9652422
Adult Anus Neoplasms/*complications/epidemiology/pathology/virology CD4 Lymphocyte Count Carcinoma in Situ/*complications/epidemiology/pathology/virology Cohort Studies Cross-Sectional Studies DNA Probes, HPV HIV Infections/*complications/virology *Homosexuality, Male Humans Male *Papillomaviridae/genetics/physiology Papillomavirus Infections/complications/epidemiology/pathology/virology Prevalence Tumor Virus Infections/*complications/epidemiology/pathology/virology Viral Load
H. B. S. Friedman, A. J., Sherman, M. E., Busseniers, A. E., Blackwelder, W. C., Kaslow, R. A., Ghaffari, A. M., Daniel, R. W., Shah, K. V. (1998). Human papillomavirus, anal squamous intraepithelial lesions, and human immunodeficiency virus in a cohort of gay men. J Infect Dis, 178(1), 45-52.
Journal Article
Major expansions of select CD8+ subsets in acute Epstein-Barr virus infection: comparison with chronic human immunodeficiency virus disease
J Infect Dis
1998
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9534988
CD8+ lymphocyte phenotypes were characterized during acute Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, and a comparison was made to previous studies of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This was of interest because CD8+ cells contribute to immunologic control of both infections, but the usual outcome of EBV infection is benign, whereas untreated HIV infection is fatal. During acute EBV infection, CD8+ cells expressed elevated levels of the activation antigens CD38 and HLA-DR, similar to that during chronic HIV infection. Within 16 weeks, when EBV latency is established, CD8+ cell activation had resolved. In contrast, activation persists in HIV infection. Expression of CD38 and HLA-DR on CD8+ cells could be a marker for ongoing viral replication in both infections. Other CD8+ cell alterations observed in this study of acute EBV infection included increases in both CD62L- and CD62L+ CD8+ cells and unique kinetics in the expansion of the CD57+CD8+ cell subset.
10.1086/517400
9534988
ADP-ribosyl Cyclase ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1 Adolescent Adult *Antigens, CD Antigens, Differentiation/immunology/metabolism CD57 Antigens/immunology/metabolism CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/metabolism Female Flow Cytometry HIV Infections/*immunology HLA-DR Antigens/immunology/metabolism Herpesvirus 4, Human/physiology Humans Infectious Mononucleosis/*immunology L-Selectin/immunology/metabolism Lymphocyte Activation Male Membrane Glycoproteins NAD+ Nucleosidase/immunology/metabolism T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology/metabolism Time Factors Virus Latency/immunology/physiology Virus Replication/immunology
J. E. S. Lynne, I., Matud, J. L., Hirji, K., Buessow, S., Shlian, D. M., Giorgi, J. V. (1998). Major expansions of select CD8+ subsets in acute Epstein-Barr virus infection: comparison with chronic human immunodeficiency virus disease. J Infect Dis, 177(4), 1083-7.
Journal Article
Increased immune activation precedes the inflection point of CD4 T cells and the increased serum virus load in human immunodeficiency virus infection
J Infect Dis
1998
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9697722
The temporal relationship of serum levels of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA and of immune activation products in 10 HIV-seropositive persons who showed an accelerated decline (inflection point) in CD4 T cell counts and went on to develop AIDS and in 10 matched controls without inflection point were examined. Cases and controls did not differ statistically at the baseline time point for this study. CD4 cell inflection points occurred 18-30 months before AIDS development. Serum levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor II, soluble interleukin-2 receptor, beta2-microglobulin, and neopterin increased significantly > or = 6 months before the CD4 cell inflection point. In contrast, increases in mean HIV RNA levels occurred at the time of the CD4 cell inflection point. These data are consistent with the view that in vivo immune activation precedes the increases in virus load and is followed by an accelerated and rapid loss of CD4 lymphocytes.
10.1086/515629
9697722
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology/physiopathology/virology CD3 Complex/immunology CD4 Lymphocyte Count CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology Case-Control Studies Disease Progression HIV Seropositivity/*immunology/physiopathology/virology HIV-1/*immunology Homosexuality, Male Humans Lymphocyte Activation/*immunology Male RNA, Viral/blood *Viral Load
J. F. M.-M. Salazar-Gonzalez, O., Nishanian, P., Aziz, N., Shen, L. P., Grosser, S., Taylor, J., Detels, R., Fahey, J. L. (1998). Increased immune activation precedes the inflection point of CD4 T cells and the increased serum virus load in human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Infect Dis, 178(2), 423-30.
Journal Article
A human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-inducing factor from the female genital tract activates HIV-1 gene expression through the kappaB enhancer
J Infect Dis
1998
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9780254
Virus-enhancing factors present in the female genital tract may influence the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Previously, the presence of a heat-stable soluble factor in the cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) fluid of both HIV-infected and -uninfected women that induces HIV-1 expression in T cells and monocytes was reported. Now this CVL factor was shown to increase HIV-1 gene expression through the activation of the kappaB enhancer in the viral long terminal repeat (LTR). DNA binding studies, together with functional studies using mutant LTR reporter constructs, indicate the requirement for an NF-kappaB-dependent pathway in the CVL-mediated activation of HIV-1 expression. CVL samples that activated HIV-1 expression also stimulated AP-1-dependent transcription. These data demonstrate that an HIV-inducing factor, distinct from heat-labile cytokines, present in the female genital mucosa can activate AP-1 and NF-kappaB and increase HIV-1 gene expression through the k
10.1086/314444
9780254
Adult Cell Line *Enhancer Elements, Genetic Female *Gene Expression Regulation, Viral Genitalia, Female/metabolism/*virology HIV Long Terminal Repeat/genetics HIV-1/*genetics Humans Middle Aged NF-kappa B/*genetics Therapeutic Irrigation Transcription Factor AP-1/metabolism Transcription, Genetic Virus Integration
L. S. Al-Harthi, G. T., Hashemi, F. B., Landay, A., Sha, B. E., Roebuck, K. A. (1998). A human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-inducing factor from the female genital tract activates HIV-1 gene expression through the kappaB enhancer. J Infect Dis, 178(5), 1343-51.
Journal Article
Neurobehavioral functioning in asymptomatic HIV-1 infected women
J Int Neuropsychol Soc
1998
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9529827
Numerous reports have assessed the neuropsychological functioning of medically asymptomatic HIV-1 infected men. However, to date there have been no published studies of the neuropsychological functioning of asymptomatic HIV-1 infected women, even though women represent the fastest-growing demographic group of HIV-1 infected individuals. In this investigation, 31 women (17 asymptomatic HIV-1 seropositive, 14 seronegative) were administered a battery of neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric instruments. Participants in both groups were matched for age, education, months since injection drug use, and substance use. Group comparisons revealed no significant differences in any of the neurocognitive or neuropsychiatric measures. The results of this preliminary study suggest that clinically significant differences in neurobehavioral function are unlikely in medically asymptomatic HIV-1 infected women compared to seronegative controls. However, additional studies are needed with larger sample si
10.1017/s1355617798001726
9529827
Adult Female HIV Seropositivity/*psychology *hiv-1 Humans Neuropsychological Tests Psychomotor Performance/physiology
R. A. A. Stern, J. E., Somerville, J. A., Cohen, R. A., Boland, R. J., Stein, M. D., Martin, E. M. (1998). Neurobehavioral functioning in asymptomatic HIV-1 infected women. J Int Neuropsychol Soc, 4(2), 172-8.
Journal Article
Markers and determinants of progression of HIV-1 infection
J Lab Clin Med
1998
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9605104
10.1016/s0022-2143(98)90140-8
9605104
Biomarkers Blood Cell Count CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology Disease Progression HIV Infections/blood/*physiopathology/virology *HIV-1/genetics/physiology Humans RNA, Viral/blood Virus Replication
J. P. Phair (1998). Markers and determinants of progression of HIV-1 infection. J Lab Clin Med, 131(5), 406-9.
Journal Article
Sustained cognitive decline in HIV infection: relationship to CD4+ cell count, plasma viremia and p24 antigenemia
J Neurovirol
1998
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9531016
To determine the clinical and virological correlates of neuropsychological test performance decline in HIV infection, we measured viral burden in blood in 272 HIV-seropositive men without dementia in the Baltimore arm of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). These measures were then related to neuropsychological (NP) decline, defined as a decline relative to prior best performance of 2.0 standard deviations or more on one or more neuropsychological tests. A short battery of NP tests (Mini-Screen Battery) was administered to all 272 men. NP test performance decline was identified in 53/272 (19.5%) of participants on the Mini-Screen Battery. Follow-up NP data were available for 204 participants who had undergone the Mini-Screen. The frequency of sustained NP test performance decline was 7.8% for the Mini-Screen Battery. A lower CD4+ cell count was weakly associated with sustained NP test performance decline. After adjustment for CD4+ cell count, hemoglobin, body mass index, and prese
10.3109/13550289809113486
9531016
AIDS Dementia Complex/drug therapy/*immunology/*virology Adult Antiviral Agents/administration & dosage CD4 Lymphocyte Count CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes HIV Core Protein p24/*blood/isolation & purification Hiv-1 Humans Longitudinal Studies Male Middle Aged Viremia/drug therapy/*immunology/*virology Zidovudine/administration & dosage
G. J. F. Dal Pan, H., Selnes, O., Hoover, D. R., Miller, E. N., Skolasky, R. L., Nance-Sproson, T. E., McArthur, J. C. (1998). Sustained cognitive decline in HIV infection: relationship to CD4+ cell count, plasma viremia and p24 antigenemia. J Neurovirol, 4(1), 95-9.
Journal Article
Optimism is associated with mood, coping, and immune change in response to stress
J Pers Soc Psychol
1998
Jun-98
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9654763
This study explored prospectively the effects of dispositional and situational optimism on mood (N = 90) and immune changes (N = 50) among law students in their first semester of study. Optimism was associated with better mood, higher numbers of helper T cells, and higher natural killer cell cytotoxicity. Avoidance coping partially accounted for the relationship between optimism and mood. Among the immune parameters, mood partially accounted for the optimism-helper T cell relationship, and perceived stress partially accounted for the optimism-cytotoxicity relationship. Individual differences in expectancies, appraisal, and mood may be important in understanding psychological and immune responses to stress
10.1037//0022-3514.74.6.1646
9654763
Adaptation,Psychological Adult Affect Antibody Formation coping Factor Analysis,Statistical Female helper t cell Human immune Los Angeles Lymphocyte Count Male physiology physiopathology Prospective Studies psychological psychology Stress,Psychological study Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. t cell t-cells Temperament United States
S. C. T. Segerstrom, S.E., Kemeny, M.E., Fahey, J.L. (1998). Optimism is associated with mood, coping, and immune change in response to stress. J Pers Soc Psychol, 74(6), 1646-1655.
Journal Article
Influence of the CCR2-V64I polymorphism on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 coreceptor activity and on chemokine receptor function of CCR2b, CCR3, CCR5, and CXCR4
J Virol
1998
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9696841
The chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 are used by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in conjunction with CD4 to infect cells. In addition, some virus strains can use alternative chemokine receptors, including CCR2b and CCR3, for infection. A polymorphism in CCR2 (CCR2-V64I) is associated with a 2- to 4-year delay in the progression to AIDS. To investigate the mechanism of this protective effect, we studied the expression of CCR2b and CCR2b-V64I, their chemokine and HIV-1 coreceptor activities, and their effects on the expression and receptor activities of the major HIV-1 coreceptors. CCR2b and CCR2b-V64I were expressed at similar levels, and neither molecule affected the expression or coreceptor activity of CCR3, CCR5, or CXCR4 in cotransfected cell lines. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from CCR2-V64I heterozygotes had normal levels of CCR2b and CCR5 but slightly reduced levels of CXCR4. CCR2b and CCR2b-V64I functioned equally well as HIV-1 coreceptors, and CCR2-V
10.1128/JVI.72.9.7450-7458.1998
9696841
PMC109977
Cell Line, Transformed HIV-1/*metabolism Humans Isoleucine/*metabolism Polymorphism, Genetic Receptors, CCR2 Receptors, CCR3 Receptors, CCR5/biosynthesis/*metabolism Receptors, CXCR4/biosynthesis/*metabolism Receptors, Chemokine/biosynthesis/*metabolism Receptors, Cytokine/biosynthesis/*metabolism Receptors, HIV/biosynthesis/*metabolism Valine/*metabolism
B. D. Lee, B. J., Rana, S., Yi, Y., Mellado, M., Frade, J. M., Martinez, A. C., O'Brien, S. J., Dean, M., Collman, R. G., Doms, R. W. (1998). Influence of the CCR2-V64I polymorphism on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 coreceptor activity and on chemokine receptor function of CCR2b, CCR3, CCR5, and CXCR4. J Virol, 72(9), 7450-8. PMC109977
Journal Article
Neuronal death induced by brain-derived human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope genes differs between demented and nondemented AIDS patients
J Virol
1998
Nov-98
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9765449
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection of the brain results in viral replication primarily in macrophages and microglia. Despite frequent detection of viral genome and proteins in the brains of AIDS patients with and without HIV dementia, only 20% of AIDS patients become demented. To investigate the role of viral envelope gene variation in the occurrence of dementia, we examined regions of variability in the viral envelope gene isolated from brains of AIDS patients. Brain-derived HIV-1 V1-V2 envelope sequences from seven demented and six nondemented AIDS patients displayed significant sequence differences between clinical groups, and by phylogenetic analysis, sequences from the demented group showed clustering. Infectious recombinant viruses containing brain-derived V3 sequences from both clinical groups were macrophagetropic, and viruses containing brain-derived V1, V2, and V3 sequences from both clinical groups spread efficiently in macrophages. In an indirect in vitro
10.1128/JVI.72.11.9045-9053.1998
9765449
PMC110321
AIDS AIDS Dementia Complex Amino Acid Sequence analysis Brain Cell Death Cells,Cultured clinical Comparative Study etiology Gene Products,env Genes,env genetics Hela Cells Hiv Hiv-1 Human human immunodeficiency virus immunodeficiency In Vitro infection isolation & purification Macrophages microbiology Microglia Molecular Sequence Data Neurons Neurotoxins Organ Specificity pathogenicity pathology Phylogeny secretion Sequence Homology,Amino Acid Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. United States Variation (Genetics) virology virus Viruses
C. M. Power, J.C., Nath, A., Wehrly, K., Mayne, M., Nishio, J., Langelier, T., Johnson, R.T., Chesebro, B. (1998). Neuronal death induced by brain-derived human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope genes differs between demented and nondemented AIDS patients. J Virol, 72(11), 9045-9053. PMC110321
Journal Article
Potential contributions of viral envelope and host genetic factors in a human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected long-term survivor
J Virol
1998
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9765405
The lack of clinical progression in some individuals despite prolonged human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection may result from infection with less-pathogenic viral strains. To address this question, we examined the HIV-1 envelope protein from a donor with a low viral burden, stable CD4(+) T-lymphocyte counts, and little evidence of CD8(+) T-cell expansion, activation, or immune activity. To avoid potential changes in envelope function resulting from selection in vitro, envelope clones were constructed by using viral RNA isolated from uncultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The data showed that recombinant viruses containing envelope sequences derived from RNA isolated from patient PBMC replicated poorly in primary CD4(+) T cells but demonstrated efficient growth in macrophages. The unusual phenotype of these viruses could not be explained solely by differential utilization of coreceptors since the chimeric viruses, as well as an uncloned isolate obtained fro
10.1128/JVI.72.11.8650-8658.1998
9765405
PMC110277
Amino Acid Sequence CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/virology Gene Products, env/genetics *Genes, env HIV Infections/*genetics/immunology/*virology *HIV Long-Term Survivors HIV-1/*genetics/pathogenicity/physiology Heterozygote Humans In Vitro Techniques Kinetics Macrophages/virology Male Molecular Sequence Data Phenotype RNA, Viral/blood/genetics Reassortant Viruses/genetics Receptors, CCR5/genetics Recombination, Genetic Sequence Deletion Virulence/genetics Virus Replication
K. F. Grovit-Ferbas, J., Gudeman, V., Sadeghi, S., Goetz, M. B., Giorgi, J. V., Chen, I. S., O'Brien, W. A. (1998). Potential contributions of viral envelope and host genetic factors in a human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected long-term survivor. J Virol, 72(11), 8650-8. PMC110277
Journal Article
Chemokine coreceptor usage by diverse primary isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1
J Virol
1998
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9765480
We tested chemokine receptor subset usage by diverse, well-characterized primary viruses isolated from peripheral blood by monitoring viral replication with CCR1, CCR2b, CCR3, CCR5, and CXCR4 U87MG.CD4 transformed cell lines and STRL33/BONZO/TYMSTR and GPR15/BOB HOS.CD4 transformed cell lines. Primary viruses were isolated from 79 men with confirmed human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection from the Chicago component of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study at interval time points. Thirty-five additional well-characterized primary viruses representing HIV-1 group M subtypes A, B, C, D, and E and group O and three primary simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) isolates were also used for these studies. The restricted use of the CCR5 chemokine receptor for viral entry was associated with infection by a virus having a non-syncytium-inducing phenotype and correlated with a reduced rate of disease progression and a prolonged disease-free interval. Conversely, broadening chemokine recep
10.1128/JVI.72.11.9307-9312.1998
9765480
PMC110352
Animals Cell Line, Transformed HIV Infections/genetics/virology HIV Long-Term Survivors HIV-1/isolation & purification/*pathogenicity/physiology Humans Male Phenotype Receptors, CCR1 Receptors, CCR2 Receptors, CCR3 Receptors, CCR5/genetics/physiology Receptors, CXCR4/genetics/physiology Receptors, Chemokine/genetics/*physiology Receptors, Cytokine/genetics/physiology Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/isolation & purification/pathogenicity/physiology
L. H. Zhang, T., Huang, Y., Chen, Z., Guo, Y., Wu, S., Kunstman, K. J., Brown, R. C., Phair, J. P., Neumann, A. U., Ho, D. D., Wolinsky, S. M. (1998). Chemokine coreceptor usage by diverse primary isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Virol, 72(11), 9307-12. PMC110352
Journal Article
Exclusive and persistent use of the entry coreceptor CXCR4 by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 from a subject homozygous for CCR5 D32
J Virol
1998
Jul-98
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9621067
Individuals who are homozygous for the 32-bp deletion in the gene coding for the chemokine receptor and major human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) coreceptor CCR5 (CCR5 -/-) lack functional cell surface CCR5 molecules and are relatively resistant to HIV-1 infection. HIV-1 infection in CCR5 -/- individuals, although rare, has been increasingly documented. We now report that the viral quasispecies from one such individual throughout disease is homogenous, T cell line tropic, and phenotypically syncytium inducing (SI); exclusively uses CXCR4; and replicates well in CCR5 -/- primary T cells. The recently discovered coreceptors BOB and Bonzo are not used. Although early and persistent SI variants have been described in longitudinal studies, this is the first demonstration of exclusive and persistent CXCR4 usage. With the caveat that the earliest viruses available from this subject were from approximately 4 years following primary infection, these data suggest that HIV-1 infection can
10.1128/JVI.72.7.6040-6047
9621067
PMC110409
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Adult CD4+ Cell Line Disease genetics Hiv-1 HIV-1 infection Homozygote Human human immunodeficiency virus immunodeficiency infection longitudinal Longitudinal Studies Macrophages Male physiology Receptors,CCR5 Receptors,CXCR4 research Rna study Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,Non-P.H.S. Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. t cell t-cells United States virology virus Virus Replication Viruses
N. L. N. Michael, J.A.E., KewalRamani, V.N., Chang, G., O'Brien, S.J., Mascola, J.R., Volsky, B., Louder, M., White, G.C., II, Littman, D.R., Swanstrom, R., O'Brien, T.R. (1998). Exclusive and persistent use of the entry coreceptor CXCR4 by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 from a subject homozygous for CCR5 D32. J Virol, 72(7), 6040-6047. PMC110409
Journal Article
Immunological and virological analyses of persons infected by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 while participating in trials of recombinant gp120 subunit vaccines
J Virol
1998
Feb
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9445059/
We have studied 18 participants in phase I/II clinical trials of recombinant gp120 (rgp120) subunit vaccines (MN and SF-2) who became infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) during the course of the trials. Of the 18 individuals, 2 had received a placebo vaccine, 9 had been immunized with MN rgp120, and seven had been immunized with SF-2 rgp120, Thirteen of the 18 infected vaccinees had received three or four immunizations prior to becoming infected, Of these, two were placebo recipients, six had received MN rgp120, and five had received SF-2 rgp120, Only 1 of the 11 rgp120 recipients who had multiple immunizations failed to develop a strong immunoglobulin G antibody response to the immunogen, However, the antibody response to rgp120 was transient, typically having a half-life of 40 to 60 days, No significant neutralizing activity against the infecting strain was detected in any of the infected individuals at any time prior to infection. Antibody titers in subjects in
10.1128/JVI.72.2.1552-1576.1998
9445059
PMC124637
human monoclonal-antibody envelope glycoprotein gp120 increased replicative capacity blood mononuclear-cells candidate aids vaccines primary hiv-1 infection peripheral-blood disease progression immune-responses neutralization serotypes
R. I. K. Connor, B. T. M., Graham, B. S., Hahn, B. H., Ho, D. D., Walker, B. D., Neumann, A. U., Vermund, S. H., Mestecky, J., Jackson, S., Fenamore, E., Cao, Y., Gao, F., Kalams, S., Kunstman, K. J., McDonald, D., McWilliams, N., Trkola, A., Moore, J. P., Wolinsky, S. M. (1998). Immunological and virological analyses of persons infected by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 while participating in trials of recombinant gp120 subunit vaccines. J Virol, 72(2), 1552-1576. PMC124637
Journal Article
The cost-effectiveness of preventing AIDS-related opportunistic infections
JAMA
1998
14-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9440663
CONTEXT: Multiple options are now available for prophylaxis of opportunistic infections related to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). However, because of differences in incidence rates as well as drug efficacy, toxicity, and costs, the role of different types of prophylaxis remains uncertain. OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical impact, cost, and cost-effectiveness of strategies for preventing opportunistic infections in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease. DESIGN: We developed a Markov simulation model to compare different strategies for prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), toxoplasmosis, Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection, fungal infections, and cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease in HIV-infected patients. Data for the model were derived from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, randomized controlled trials, and the national AIDS Cost and Services Utilization Survey. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Projected life expectancy, quality-a
10.1001/jama.279.2.130
9440663
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/*economics/mortality/*prevention & control Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications/*economics/mortality/therapy Anti-Infective Agents/*economics/therapeutic use CD4 Lymphocyte Count Chemoprevention/*economics Cost-Benefit Analysis/statistics & numerical data Cytomegalovirus Infections/economics/prevention & control Data Collection Health Care Costs Humans Life Expectancy Markov Chains Models, Theoretical Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection/economics/prevention & control Mycoses/economics/prevention & control Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/economics/prevention & control *Quality-Adjusted Life Years Risk Factors Toxoplasmosis/economics/prevention & control United States/epidemiology
K. A. S. Freedberg, J. A., Seage, G. R., 3rd, Losina, E., Weinstein, M. C., Craven, D. E., Paltiel, A. D. (1998). The cost-effectiveness of preventing AIDS-related opportunistic infections. JAMA, 279(2), 130-6.
Journal Article
Trends in HIV incidence among young adults in the United States
JAMA
1998
6/17/1998
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9634261
CONTEXT: Behaviors that result in potential exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) usually begin in adolescence or young adulthood, but trends in HIV incidence in young people remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: To estimate trends in HIV incidence in teenagers and young adults. DESIGN AND SETTING: Back-calculation of past HIV incidence in persons born between 1960 and 1974 using US national acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) incidence data and estimates of the distribution of times between HIV infection and AIDS. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidence and prevalence of HIV in 1988 and 1993 in persons aged 20 and 25 years, respectively, in each of those years. RESULTS: As of January 1993, about 22000 men and 11000 women aged 18 to 22 years were living with HIV infection in the United States. Homosexual contact was the leading route of infection among young men. Heterosexual contact was the leading route of infection among young women. The HIV incidence attributed to homosexual contact o
10.1001/jama.279.23.1894
9634261
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Adolescence Adolescent Adult African Americans Aged AIDS behavior Biostatistics cancer drug use drug users epidemiology European Continental Ancestry Group Female Hispanic Americans Hiv HIV infection HIV Infections homosexual homosexual men Homosexuality,Male Human human immunodeficiency virus Humans immunodeficiency Incidence infection Male outcome Prevalence research statistics & numerical data Substance Abuse,Intravenous support Time transmission trends United States virus women Young Adult
P. S. B. Rosenberg, R.J. (1998). Trends in HIV incidence among young adults in the United States. JAMA, 279(23), 1894-1899.
Journal Article
Effectiveness of potent antiretroviral therapy on time to AIDS and death in men with known HIV infection duration. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Investigators
JAMA
1998
4-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9809730
CONTEXT: Time to development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and time to death have been extended with the increased use of combination therapy and protease inhibitors. Cohort studies following up persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in periods characterized by different therapies offer the opportunity to estimate therapy effectiveness at the population level. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of self-reported, long-term potent antiretroviral therapy in a cohort of 536 men whose duration of HIV infection was known (seroconverters). DESIGN: Cohort study. The cohort was compared for time to development of AIDS and time to death in 1984 to 1990, 1990 to 1993, 1993 to July 1995, and July 1995 to July 1997 when the major treatments were no therapy, monotherapy, combined therapy, and potent antiretroviral therapy, respectively. Survival analysis methods with time zero set as the date of seroconversion and incorporating staggered entries into each period
10.1001/jama.280.17.1497
9809730
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy/*mortality Adult Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Disease Progression Drug Therapy, Combination HIV Seropositivity/*drug therapy/mortality/physiopathology Humans Longitudinal Studies Male Middle Aged Survival Analysis Time Factors
R. M. Detels, A., McFarlane, G., Kingsley, L. A., Margolick, J. B., Giorgi, J., Schrager, L. K., Phair, J. P. (1998). Effectiveness of potent antiretroviral therapy on time to AIDS and death in men with known HIV infection duration. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Investigators. JAMA, 280(17), 1497-503.
Journal Article
Cognitive processing, discovery of meaning, CD4 decline, and AIDS-related mortality among bereaved HIV-seropositive men
Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
1998
Dec
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9874911/
This study investigated whether finding meaning in response to an HN-related stressor was associated with changes in immune status and health. Forty HIV-seropositive men who had recently experienced an AIDS-related bereavement completed interviews assessing cognitive processing and finding-meaning after the loss and provided blood samples for a 2- to 3-year follow-up. AIDS-related mortality over an extended follow-up was determined from death certificates. As predicted, men who engaged in cognitive processing were more likely to find meaning from the loss. Furthermore, men who found meaning showed less rapid declines in CD4 T cell levels and lower rates of AIDS-related mortality (all ps < .05), independent of health status at baseline, health behaviors, and other potential con; founds. These results suggest that positive responses to stressful events, specifically the discovery of meaning, may be linked to positive immunologic and health outcomes.
10.1037/0022-006x.66.6.979
9874911
cell count gay men infection disease cohort perspective disclosure experience adaptation survival
J. E. K. Bower, Margaret E., Taylor, Shelley E., Fahey, John L. (1998). Cognitive processing, discovery of meaning, CD4 decline, and AIDS-related mortality among bereaved HIV-seropositive men. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66(6), 979-986.
Journal Article
CCR5 promoter polymorphism and HIV-1 disease progression. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS)
Lancet
1998
12-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9742978
BACKGROUND: The rate of progression to AIDS varies among individuals infected with HIV-1. Factors responsible include two inherited human alleles, CCR5 delta32 and CCR2-641, which alter the protein-coding regions for the HIV-1 coreceptors/chemokine receptors CCR5 and CCR2b. We tested the hypothesis that polymorphisms of the CCR5 promoter might affect the rate of progression of HIV-1 infected people to AIDS. METHODS: We used directed heteroduplex analysis to identify polymorphism in the CCR5 promoter. Promoter-variants were compared in vitro with a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene, and in vivo by genotyping HIV-1 seroconvertors discordant at polymorphous loci. FINDINGS: An A/G polymorphism was identified at basepair 59029 (Genbank U95626) in the CCR5 promoter. Both promoter alleles were common (43-68% allelic frequency for 59029-A depending on race). When in-vitro promoter activity was measured, 59029-G had 45% lower activity than 59029-A (p=0.05). In a cohort of HIV-1 se
10.1016/s0140-6736(98)04158-0
9742978
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*genetics Alleles Base Sequence Cohort Studies DNA Disease Progression *hiv-1 Humans Male Molecular Sequence Data Polymerase Chain Reaction *Polymorphism, Genetic Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length Promoter Regions, Genetic/*genetics Receptors, CCR5/*genetics Receptors, Chemokine/genetics
D. H. Z. McDermott, P. A., Guignard, F., Kleeberger, C. A., Leitman, S. F., Murphy, P. M. (1998). CCR5 promoter polymorphism and HIV-1 disease progression. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Lancet, 352(9131), 866-70.
Journal Article
A Monte Carlo simulation of advanced HIV disease: application to prevention of CMV infection
Med Decis Making
1998
Apr-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9566470
BACKGROUND: Disagreement exists among decision makers regarding the allocation of limited HIV patient care resources and, specifically, the comparative value of preventing opportunistic infections in late-stage disease. METHODS: A Monte Carlo simulation framework was used to evaluate a state-transition model of the natural history of HIV illness in patients with CD4 counts below 300/mm3 and to project the costs and consequences of alternative strategies for preventing AIDS-related complications. The authors describe the model and demonstrate how it may be employed to assess the cost-effectiveness of oral ganciclovir for prevention of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. RESULTS: Ganciclovir prophylaxis confers an estimated additional 0.7 quality-adjusted month of life at a net cost of $10,700, implying an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of roughly $173,000 per quality-adjusted life year gained. Sensitivity analysis reveals that this baseline result is stable over a wide range of input
10.1177/0272989X98018002S11
9566470
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/economics/*prevention & control Antiviral Agents/*economics/*therapeutic use CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cost-Benefit Analysis Cytomegalovirus Infections/economics/*prevention & control Decision Making Ganciclovir/*economics/*therapeutic use HIV Infections/drug therapy/*economics Health Care Rationing/economics Humans Models, Economic *Monte Carlo Method Quality-Adjusted Life Years
A. D. S. Paltiel, J. A., Seage, G. R., 3rd, Losina, E., Goldie, S. J., Weinstein, M. C., Craven, D. E., Freedberg, K. A. (1998). A Monte Carlo simulation of advanced HIV disease: application to prevention of CMV infection. Med Decis Making, 18(2 Suppl), S93-105.
Journal Article
Immune dysfunction and the pathogenesis of AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz
1998
May-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9698872
Much has been learned about how HIV-induced immune dysfunction contributes to B cell hyperactivation, and potentially, to the pathogenesis of AIDS-lymphoma. However, further studies are needed to fully understand how HIV infection and immune dysfunction promote B cell hyperactivation and the development/growth of AIDS-lymphoma. In particular, studies are needed to define the role of HHV8 vIL6, IL6 receptor-expression, and lymphocyte surface stimulatory molecules, in promoting B cell hyperactivation or lymphoma cell growth.
10.1590/s0074-02761998000300019
9698872
B-Lymphocytes/*pathology Cell Division/immunology Cytokines/immunology Herpesvirus 8, Human/immunology/pathogenicity Humans Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/*immunology/pathology Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/*immunology/pathology Receptors, Interleukin-6/immunology
O. W. Martinez-Maza, D., van der Meijden, M., Knox, R., Echeverri, A., Breen, E. C., Magpantay, L., Miles, S. A. (1998). Immune dysfunction and the pathogenesis of AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, 93(3), 373-81.
Journal Article
A chemokine receptor CCR2 allele delays HIV-1 disease progression and is associated with a CCR5 promoter mutation
Nat Med
1998
Mar-98
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9500612
Viral and host factors influence the rate of HIV-1 disease progression. For HIV-1 to fuse, a CD4+ cell must express a co-receptor that the virus can use. The chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 are used by R5 and X4 viruses, respectively. Most new infections involve transmission of R5 viruses, but variants can arise later that also use CXCR4 (R5-X4 or X4 viruses). This is associated with an increased rate of CD4+ T- cell loss and poor prognosis. The ability of host cells to support HIV- 1 entry also influences progression. The absence of CCR5 in approximately 1% of the Caucasian population, due to homozygosity for a 32-nucleotide deletion in the coding region (delta32-CCR5 allele), very strongly protects against HIV-1 transmission. Heterozygosity for the delta32-CCR5 allele delays progression typically by 2 years. A recent study showed that a conservative substitution (V64I) in the coding region of CCR2 also has a significant impact on disease progression, but not on HIV-1 transmission.
10.1038/nm0398-350
9500612
AIDS Alleles CD4 Lymphocyte Count CD4+ Chicago Cohort Studies Disease Disease Progression genetics Genotype Heterozygote Hiv HIV Infections HIV Seropositivity HIV Seroprevalence Hiv-1 Homozygote Human In Vitro infection infections Linkage Disequilibrium MACS Male Molecular Sequence Data Mutation Point Mutation population Prognosis progression Promoter Regions (Genetics) Receptors,CCR5 Receptors,Chemokine research study Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. t cell transmission United States virus Viruses
L. G. H. Kostrikis, Y., Moore, J.P., Wolinsky, S.M., Zhang, L., Guo, Y., Deutsch, L., Phair, J., Neumann, A.U., Ho, D.D. (1998). A chemokine receptor CCR2 allele delays HIV-1 disease progression and is associated with a CCR5 promoter mutation. Nat Med, 4(3), 350-353.
Journal Article
Variable progression of HIV-associated dementia
Neurology
1998
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9633733
A consecutive series of 71 patients diagnosed with HIV-associated dementia (HAD) (1984-1994) were studied to characterize the clinical course of HAD, and to identify predictive markers of rapid neurologic progression. Neurologic progression rate was determined from the change in the Memorial Sloan Kettering (MSK) dementia severity score from diagnosis to death. Those with the most rapid progression in neurologic disability were compared with those with slow or no progression. Autopsy material was immunostained for macrophage activation markers and gp41 in 30 individuals. Median survival was 3.3 months and 6.1 months for rapid-progression and no-progression patients, respectively. Rapid progression was associated with injection drug use but not with race, gender, or age. CD4+ cell counts were lower at diagnosis among rapid-progression than no-progression patients but no differences in AIDS-defining illnesses or patterns of antiretroviral therapy were found. At presentation, rapid-progre
10.1212/wnl.50.6.1814
9633733
AIDS Dementia Complex/classification/physiopathology/*psychology Adult Cognition/physiology Disease Progression Female HIV Infections/etiology Humans Male Middle Aged Psychomotor Performance/physiology Risk Factors Substance Abuse, Intravenous/complications Survival Analysis
F. H. S. Bouwman, R. L., Hes, D., Selnes, O. A., Glass, J. D., Nance-Sproson, T. E., Royal, W., Dal Pan, G. J., McArthur, J. C. (1998). Variable progression of HIV-associated dementia. Neurology, 50(6), 1814-20.
Journal Article
Identification of inflections in T-cell counts among HIV-1-infected individuals and relationship with progression to clinical AIDS
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
1998
1-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9724793
Studies of circulating T (CD3(+)) lymphocytes have shown that on a population basis T-cell numbers remain stable for many years after HIV-1 infection (blind T-cell homeostasis), but decline rapidly beginning approximately 1.5-2.5 years before the onset of clinical AIDS. We derived a general method for defining the loss of homeostasis on the individual level and for determining the prevalence of homeostasis loss according to HIV status and the occurrence of AIDS in more than 5,000 men enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. We used a segmented regression model for log10 CD3(+) cell counts that included separate T-cell trajectories before and after a time (the T-cell inflection point) where the loss of T-cell homeostasis was most likely to have occurred. The average slope of CD3(+) lymphocyte counts before the inflection point was close to zero for HIV- and HIV+ men, consistent with blind T-cell homeostasis. After the inflection point, the HIV+ individuals who developed AIDS gener
10.1073/pnas.95.18.10848
9724793
PMC27984
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology CD3 Complex/immunology Cohort Studies Disease Progression HIV Infections/*immunology Hiv-1 Humans Male T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
S. J. M. Gange, A., Chmiel, J. S., Donnenberg, A. D., Kirstein, L. M., Detels, R., Margolick, J. B. (1998). Identification of inflections in T-cell counts among HIV-1-infected individuals and relationship with progression to clinical AIDS. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 95(18), 10848-53. PMC27984
Journal Article
Genetic restriction of AIDS pathogenesis by an SDF-1 chemokine gene variant. ALIVE Study, Hemophilia Growth and Development Study (HGDS), Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), Multicenter Hemophilia Cohort Study (MHCS), San Francisco City Cohort (SFCC)
Science
1998
16-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9430590
Stromal-derived factor (SDF-1) is the principal ligand for CXCR4, a coreceptor with CD4 for T lymphocyte cell line-tropic human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1). A common polymorphism, SDF1-3'A, was identified in an evolutionarily conserved segment of the 3' untranslated region of the SDF-1 structural gene transcript. In the homozygous state, SDF1-3'A/3'A delays the onset of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), according to a genetic association analysis of 2857 patients enrolled in five AIDS cohort studies. The recessive protective effect of SDF1-3'A was increasingly pronounced in individuals infected with HIV-1 for longer periods, was twice as strong as the dominant genetic restriction of AIDS conferred by CCR5 and CCR2 chemokine receptor variants in these populations, and was complementary with these mutations in delaying the onset of AIDS.
10.1126/science.279.5349.389
9430590
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/genetics/*immunology/virology Adult Chemokine CXCL12 Chemokines/chemistry/*genetics/physiology *Chemokines, CXC Cohort Studies Continental Population Groups Disease Progression Genes Genetic Variation Genotype HIV Infections/genetics/*immunology/virology HIV-1/*physiology Heterozygote Humans Male Molecular Sequence Data Odds Ratio Polymorphism, Genetic Receptors, CCR2 Receptors, CCR5/genetics/physiology Receptors, CXCR4/metabolism Receptors, Chemokine/genetics/physiology Survival Analysis T-Lymphocytes/virology
C. M. Winkler, W., Smith, M. W., Nelson, G. W., Wu, X., Carrington, M., Dean, M., Honjo, T., Tashiro, K., Yabe, D., Buchbinder, S., Vittinghoff, E., Goedert, J. J., O'Brien, T. R., Jacobson, L. P., Detels, R., Donfield, S., Willoughby, A., Gomperts, E., Vlahov, D., Phair, J., O'Brien, S. J. (1998). Genetic restriction of AIDS pathogenesis by an SDF-1 chemokine gene variant. ALIVE Study, Hemophilia Growth and Development Study (HGDS), Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), Multicenter Hemophilia Cohort Study (MHCS), San Francisco City Cohort (SFCC). Science, 279(5349), 389-93.
Journal Article
Genetic acceleration of AIDS progression by a promoter variant of CCR5
Science
1998
4-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9836644
The CCR5 gene encodes a cell surface chemokine receptor molecule that serves as the principal coreceptor, with CD4, for macrophage-tropic (R5) strains of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1). Genetic association analysis of five cohorts of people with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) revealed that infected individuals homozygous for a multisite haplotype of the CCR5 regulatory region containing the promoter allele, CCR5P1, progress to AIDS more rapidly than those with other CCR5 promoter genotypes, particularly in the early years after infection. Composite genetic epidemiologic analyses of genotypes bearing CCR5P1, CCR5-Delta32, CCR2-64I, and SDF1-3'A affirmed distinct regulatory influences for each gene on AIDS progression. An estimated 10 to 17 percent of patients who develop AIDS within 3.5 years of HIV-1 infection do so because they are homozygous for CCR5P1/P1, and 7 to 13 percent of all people carry this susceptible genotype. The cumulative and interactive influen
10.1126/science.282.5395.1907
9836644
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/genetics/mortality/*physiopathology Alleles Chemokine CXCL12 Chemokines, CXC/genetics Cohort Studies Disease Progression Genes, Dominant Genes, Recessive Genetic Predisposition to Disease Genotype HIV Infections/genetics/physiopathology *hiv-1 Haplotypes Heterozygote Homozygote Humans *Promoter Regions, Genetic Proportional Hazards Models Receptors, CCR2 Receptors, CCR5/*genetics *Receptors, Chemokine Receptors, Cytokine/*genetics Risk Factors Survival Rate
M. P. D. Martin, M., Smith, M. W., Winkler, C., Gerrard, B., Michael, N. L., Lee, B., Doms, R. W., Margolick, J., Buchbinder, S., Goedert, J. J., O'Brien, T. R., Hilgartner, M. W., Vlahov, D., O'Brien, S. J., Carrington, M. (1998). Genetic acceleration of AIDS progression by a promoter variant of CCR5. Science, 282(5395), 1907-11.
Journal Article
Hepatitis C virus infection in Chicago women with or at risk for HIV infection: evidence for sexual transmission
Sex Transm Dis
1998
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9858348
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The importance of sexual transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is unclear. We attempted to define its role in women with or at risk for HIV infection. GOAL OF THIS STUDY: To ascertain if high-risk sexual behavior was independently associated with HCV infection. STUDY DESIGN: Risk factors were assessed cross-sectionally in Chicago women newly enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Women who had (n = 243) or were at risk for HIV infection (n = 53) were tested for HCV antibodies (Ab). RESULTS: Of 296 women, 123 (42%) were HCV Ab positive; prevalence was 90% in women who injected drugs (IDU) compared with 12% in noninjectors (odds ratio [OR], 64.0, 95% confidence interval [CI], 29.9 to 137.0). A multivariate model showed associations with IDU (OR, 110.3, 95% CI, 33.3 to 365.8), prior gonorrhea (OR, 3.6, 95% CI, 1.4 to 8.9), and sex with a male IDU (OR, 2.7, 95% CI, 1.1 to 7.0). CONCLUSION: Injection drug use is the strongest predictor of HCV i
10.1097/00007435-199811000-00006
9858348
Adult Analysis of Variance Chicago/epidemiology Cross-Sectional Studies Female *HIV Infections/complications/epidemiology Hepatitis C/complications/*epidemiology/*transmission Hepatitis C Antibodies/blood Humans Logistic Models Multivariate Analysis Odds Ratio Risk Factors Seroepidemiologic Studies *Sexual Behavior Substance Abuse, Intravenous/complications Transfusion Reaction
R. C. K. Hershow, L. A., Sha, B., Till, M., Cohen, M. (1998). Hepatitis C virus infection in Chicago women with or at risk for HIV infection: evidence for sexual transmission. Sex Transm Dis, 25(10), 527-32.
Journal Article
The relationship of cocaine use and human immunodeficiency virus serostatus to incident sexually transmitted diseases among women
Sex Transm Dis
1998
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9518381
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To assess the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) in a group of heterosexual women as a function of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) serostatus and to ascertain the effect of crack cocaine use on these relationships. STUDY DESIGN: At baseline, 445 HIV type 1 (HIV-1) seronegative and 232 seropositive women were provided interviews ascertaining demographic and behavioral risk factors. All participants were tested for Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Trichomonas vaginalis at baseline and at 6-month intervals. RESULTS: HIV serostatus was not related to STD incidence. Although HIV-positive women reported more condom use than did HIV-negative women (P < .01), only 65% reported using them consistently. Increases in the frequency of crack cocaine use, measured on a 4-point scale, were positively associated with rates of new STDs (relative risk [RR] = 1.23, P < .01). Crack cocaine use was also associated with greater numbers of sexual p
10.1097/00007435-199802000-00003
9518381
Adult Cocaine-Related Disorders/complications/*epidemiology *Crack Cocaine Female HIV Seronegativity HIV Seropositivity/*complications Humans Incidence Risk Factors Sexually Transmitted Diseases/complications/*epidemiology
T. E. M. Wilson, H., DeHovitz, J., Feldman, J., Landesman, S. (1998). The relationship of cocaine use and human immunodeficiency virus serostatus to incident sexually transmitted diseases among women. Sex Transm Dis, 25(2), 70-5.
Journal Article
Assessment of covariate effects in Aalen's additive hazard model
Stat Med
1998
15-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9612886
We study the properties of test statistics for a covariate effect in Aalen's additive hazard model and propose several new test statistics. The proposed statistics are derived by using the weights from linear rank statistics for comparing two survival curves. We compare these statistics with the two statistics proposed by Aalen using Monte Carlo simulations. Several different survival configurations are considered in the simulation study: proportional hazards; crossing hazards; hazard differences early in time, and hazard differences for large survival times. Of the proposed test statistics, one is superior for detecting hazard differences for large survival times and another is superior for detecting early hazard differences and crossing hazards.
10.1002/(sici)1097-0258(19980515)17:9<983::aid-sim788>3.0.co;2-d
9612886
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/mortality HIV Seropositivity/epidemiology Humans Linear Models Longitudinal Studies Lung Neoplasms/mortality Male *Models, Statistical Philadelphia/epidemiology Proportional Hazards Models Sample Size Statistics, Nonparametric *Survival Analysis
E. W. Lee, L. A. (1998). Assessment of covariate effects in Aalen's additive hazard model. Stat Med, 17(9), 983-98.
Journal Article
Does the covariance structure matter in longitudinal modelling for the prediction of future CD4 counts?
Stat Med
1998
10/30/1998
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9819834
We investigate the importance of the assumed covariance structure for longitudinal modelling of CD4 counts. We examine how individual predictions of future CD4 counts are affected by the covariance structure. We consider four covariance structures: one based on an integrated Ornstein-Uhlenbeck stochastic process; one based on Brownian motion, and two derived from standard linear and quadratic random- effects models. Using data from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and from a simulation study, we show that there is a noticeable deterioration in the coverage rate of confidence intervals if we assume the wrong covariance. There is also a loss in efficiency. The quadratic random-effects model is found to be the best in terms of correctly calibrated prediction intervals, but is substantially less efficient than the others. Incorrectly specifying the covariance structure as linear random effects gives too narrow prediction intervals with poor coverage rates. Fitting using the model based on
10.1002/(sici)1097-0258(19981030)17:20<2381::aid-sim926>3.0.co;2-s
9819834
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome AIDS CD4 CD4 Lymphocyte Count cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Confidence Intervals Human immunology longitudinal Longitudinal Studies Los Angeles Male model Models,Statistical Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Stochastic Processes study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S.
J. M. G. L. Taylor, N. (1998). Does the covariance structure matter in longitudinal modelling for the prediction of future CD4 counts?. Stat Med, 17(20), 2381-2394.
Journal Article
Statistical issues for HIV surrogate endpoints: point/counterpoint. An NIAID workshop
Stat Med
1998
15-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9819838
This paper summarizes the proceedings of an NIAID-sponsored workshop on statistical issues for HIV surrogate endpoints. The workshop brought together statisticians and clinicians in an attempt to shed light on some unresolved issues in the use of HIV laboratory markers (such as HIV RNA and CD4+ cell counts) in the design and analysis of clinical studies and in patient management. Utilizing a debate format, the workshop explored a series of specific questions dealing with the relationship between markers and clinical endpoints, and the choice of endpoints and methods of analysis in clinical studies. This paper provides the position statements from the two debaters on each issue. Consensus conclusions, based on the presentations and discussion, are outlined. While not providing final answers, we hope that these discussions have helped clarify a number of issues, and will stimulate further consideration of some of the highlighted problems. These issues will be critical in the proper asses
10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19981115)17:21<2435::AID-SIM994>3.0.CO;2-G
9819838
*Biomarkers CD4 Lymphocyte Count Disease Progression HIV/genetics HIV Infections/*diagnosis/therapy Humans *Models, Statistical Proportional Hazards Models RNA, Viral/analysis Statistics as Topic Treatment Outcome
J. M. I. Albert, J. P., Reichelderfer, P., Conway, B., Coombs, R. W., Crane, L., Demasi, R., Dixon, D. O., Flandre, P., Hughes, M. D., Kalish, L. A., Larntz, K., Lin, D., Marschner, I. C., Munoz, A., Murray, J., Neaton, J., Pettinelli, C., Rida, W., Taylor, J. M., Welles, S. L. (1998). Statistical issues for HIV surrogate endpoints: point/counterpoint. An NIAID workshop. Stat Med, 17(21), 2435-62.
Journal Article
Estimating the effect of zidovudine on Kaposi's sarcoma from observational data using a rank preserving structural failure-time model
Stat Med
1998
30-May
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9618771/
Researchers commonly express scepticism about using observational data to estimate the effect of a treatment on an outcome the treatment is intended to affect. In this paper, we consider using data from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) to determine whether zidovudine prevents the development of Kaposi's sarcoma among HIV-positive gay men. Several methodologic issues common to observational data characterized the study: information on potentially important confounders was missing at some study visits; investigators did not always know the time of changes in treatment level, nor the value of confounders at that time, and the censoring process depended strongly on time-varying covariates related to outcome. We describe application to our data of Robins' paradigm for defining, modelling and estimating the effect of a time-varying treatment and show how to modify his approach to deal with the methodologic issues we have mentioned. Further, we demonstrate that relative risk regressio
10.1002/(sici)1097-0258(19980530)17:10<1073::aid-sim789>3.0.co;2-p
9618771
human-immunodeficiency-virus placebo-controlled trial multicenter aids cohort pneumocystis-carinii pneumonia asymptomatic hiv-infection double-blind homosexual men epidemiologic analysis prophylaxis therapy confounding factors
M. M. H. Joffe, D. R., Jacobson, L. P., Kingsley, L., Chmiel, J. S., Visscher, B. R., Robins, J. M. (1998). Estimating the effect of zidovudine on Kaposi's sarcoma from observational data using a rank preserving structural failure-time model. Stat Med, 17(10), 1073-1102.
Journal Article
A comparison of smoothing techniques for CD4 data measured with error in a time-dependent Cox proportional hazards model
Stat Med
1998
30-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9789914
The use of CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts as a covariate presents some unique challenges in survivorship analyses due to the variability of this marker. If one does not account for the measurement error component of this variability in some manner, the estimate of the relative risk parameter in a time-dependent Cox model is biased towards zero, and coverage levels of confidence intervals may be seriously incorrect. We use a two-stage approach to reduce the variability in the observed CD4 counts in order to obtain a more accurate estimate of the relative risk parameter and more valid summary statistics. In the first stage, population based smoothing methods derived from a random-effects model plus a stochastic process or individual based smoothing methods are used to replace the observed longitudinal CD4 counts with less variable imputes at each failure time. In the second stage, we use the imputes in a time-dependent Cox model to estimate the risk parameter and its associated summary statist
10.1002/(sici)1097-0258(19980930)17:18<2061::aid-sim896>3.0.co;2-o
9789914
AIDS-Related Complex/drug therapy/immunology Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy/immunology Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage/therapeutic use Bias *CD4 Lymphocyte Count *Computer Simulation Confidence Intervals Humans *Proportional Hazards Models Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Risk Stochastic Processes Time Factors Zidovudine/administration & dosage/therapeutic use
P. T. Bycott, J. (1998). A comparison of smoothing techniques for CD4 data measured with error in a time-dependent Cox proportional hazards model. Stat Med, 17(18), 2061-77.
Journal Article
Longitudinal models for AIDS marker data
Stat Methods Med Res
1998
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9533259
Over the past decade, researchers have put a great amount of effort into developing suitable models for the analysis of longitudinal CD4 data and other markers of AIDS progression. These models must be general enough to allow for different patterns of change in the marker data. In this paper, we review the existing literature including our preferred models which involve mixed effects, stochastic terms and independent measurement error. Adding stochastic terms to standard mixed effects models gives an interpretable and parsimonious method for generalizing the covariance structure of the measurement error and short-term variability. We focus on univariate and bivariate models with integrated Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (IOU) stochastic terms. The IOU process allows for a range of biologically plausible derivative tracking that encompasses both random trajectory and Brownian motion behaviour. We illustrate these modelling techniques on longitudinal CD4 and viral RNA data.
10.1177/096228029800700103
9533259
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*etiology/immunology/virology Biomarkers CD4 Lymphocyte Count Data Interpretation, Statistical HIV/isolation & purification Humans Longitudinal Studies *Models, Biological Models, Statistical RNA, Viral/analysis Stochastic Processes
W. J. T. Boscardin, J. M., Law, N. (1998). Longitudinal models for AIDS marker data. Stat Methods Med Res, 7(1), 13-27.
Journal Article
The changing epidemiology of HIV-related cancers
The AIDS Reader
1998
N. A. Hessol (1998). The changing epidemiology of HIV-related cancers. The AIDS Reader, 8(), 45-49.
Journal Article
Evolution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope sequences in infected individuals with differing disease progression profiles
Virology
1998
15-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9499799
Sequence variation displayed by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has been proposed to be linked to the pathogenesis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). To assess viral evolution during the course of infection, we evaluated sequence variability in the env variable domains in four HIV-1-infected individuals exhibiting differing profiles of CD4+ T cell decline when followed from seroconversion until the development of AIDS or loss of followup. Proviral sequences encoding the V3-V5 region of gp 120 were obtained following PCR amplification of peripheral blood mononuclear cell DNA and cloning. Virus in each patient was relatively homogeneous early in infection and then diverged with time, more consistently at its nonsynonymous sites. Just prior to or coincident with a rapid decline in CD4+ T cell numbers, sequences were found with basic amino acid substitutions clustered within and downstream of the gp 120 V3 domain. Within the constraints of the current data set, w
10.1006/viro.1997.8996
9499799
Amino Acid Sequence Base Sequence CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies DNA, Viral Disease Progression Follow-Up Studies Genetic Variation HIV Envelope Protein gp120/classification/*genetics HIV Infections/immunology/physiopathology/*virology HIV-1/classification/*genetics Humans Male Molecular Sequence Data Mutagenesis Peptide Fragments/classification/genetics Phylogeny Sequence Homology, Amino Acid Time Factors
R. G. Shankarappa, P., Learn, G. H., Jr., Rodrigo, A. G., Rinaldo, C. R., Jr., Gorry, M. C., Mullins, J. I., Nara, P. L., Ehrlich, G. D. (1998). Evolution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope sequences in infected individuals with differing disease progression profiles. Virology, 241(2), 251-9.
Journal Article
Solar ultraviolet radiation exposure does not appear to exacerbate HIV infection in homosexual men. The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
AIDS
1997
11/15/1997
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9386813
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of sun exposure on HIV progression. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey nested within a longitudinal cohort study. SETTING: The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1155 white HIV-seronegative and 496 white HIV-seropositive homosexual men, of whom 142 seroconverted during the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: T-helper lymphocyte decline and AIDS. RESULTS: No positive correlation was found between the development of AIDS or loss of T-helper lymphocytes and (i) phenotypic characteristics associated with enhanced ultraviolet radiation (UVR) sensitivity (hair or eye color, skin type), or (ii) reported UVR exposure (sun lamp/tanning bed use, frequency of beach vacations, sunscreen use), or (iii) composite score of UVR sensitivity and exposure history. The composite scores and individual measures of risk were not correlated with rate of T-helper lymphocyte decline (slope) based upon rank correlation (correlation coefficient, 0.04; P = 0.32). In fa
10.1097/00002030-199714000-00015
9386813
Adult AIDS Baltimore Cell Count characteristics cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Cross-Sectional Studies Disease Progression Hiv HIV infection HIV Seropositivity homosexual homosexual men Homosexuality,Male Human immunology infection longitudinal Longitudinal Studies lymphocyte Lymphocyte Count Lymphocytes Male Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Multicenter Studies physiopathology progression Risk Skin study Sunlight Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. T-Lymphocytes,Helper-Inducer Ultraviolet Rays United States
A. J. H. Saah, T.D., Hoover, D.R., Chen, C., Whitmore, S.E., Flynn, C., Wesch, J., Detels, R., Anderson, R. (1997). Solar ultraviolet radiation exposure does not appear to exacerbate HIV infection in homosexual men. The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. AIDS, 11(14), 1773-1778.
Journal Article
Association between serum vitamin A and E levels and HIV-1 disease progression
AIDS
1997
Apr-97
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9108943
OBJECTIVE: To examine the associations between serum vitamin A and E levels and risk of progression to three key outcomes in HIV-1 infection: first AIDS diagnosis, CD4+ cell decline to < 200 cells x 10(6)/l, and mortality. DESIGN: Non-concurrent prospective study. METHODS: Serum levels of vitamins A and E were measured at the enrollment visit of 311 HIV-seroprevalent homo-/bisexual men participating in the Baltimore/ Washington DC site of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the relative hazard of progression to each outcome over the subsequent 9 years, adjusting for several independent covariates. RESULTS: Men in the highest quartile of serum vitamin E levels (> or = 23.5 mumol/l) showed a 34% decrease in risk of progression to AIDS compared with those in the lowest quartile [relative hazard (RH), 0.66; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.41-1.06)]. This effect was statistically significant when comparing the highest quartile of serum vi
10.1097/00002030-199705000-00009
9108943
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Adult Aged AIDS Baltimore Biological Markers blood CD4+ cells cohort Cohort Studies cohort study diagnosis Disease Disease Progression epidemiology Hiv-1 HIV-1 infection Human infection Male marker markers Maryland methods Middle Age model mortality multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Multicenter Studies outcome physiopathology population Prognosis progression Proportional Hazards Models Prospective Studies Risk sera study Support,U.S.Gov't,Non-P.H.S. Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. trends United States Vitamin A Vitamin E Vitamins
A. M. G. Tang, N.M., Semba, R.D., Saah, A.J. (1997). Association between serum vitamin A and E levels and HIV-1 disease progression. AIDS, 11(5), 613-620.
Journal Article
The incubation period of AIDS
AIDS
1997
1997
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9451969
9451969
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology/*physiopathology Age Factors Biomarkers Cohort Studies Data Interpretation, Statistical Disease Progression HIV Seropositivity Humans Long-Term Care Models, Biological Outcome Assessment, Health Care Time Factors
A. S. Munoz, C. A., Phillips, A. N. (1997). The incubation period of AIDS. AIDS, 11 Suppl A(), S69-76.
Journal Article
Dependence of the hazard of AIDS on markers
AIDS
1997
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9030370
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the dependence of the hazard of symptomatic AIDS on various markers using a non-parametric method. The markers we consider are measures of time (time since infection and calendar date), measures of immune function (numbers and percentage of CD4 T cells) and serological activation markers (neopterin and beta 2-microglobulin). METHODS: We adapted a non-parametric statistical method to estimate the hazard of AIDS. We considered both univariate analyses, in which each marker was considered separately and bivariate analyses of pairs of markers. CONCLUSIONS: Using data from 356 seroconverters from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, we found that in the univariate analyses the hazard of AIDS is dependent on all markers, with the strongest dependence for CD4 count and CD4 percentage. In the bivariate analyses we found that the time since infection is of little importance in determining the hazard of AIDS if the CD4 count or percentage are known, and is of minor additi
10.1097/00002030-199702000-00013
9030370
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/blood/*immunology Biomarkers/*blood Biopterin/*analogs & derivatives/blood CD4 Lymphocyte Count Disease Progression Homosexuality, Male Humans Male Neopterin Time Factors beta 2-Microglobulin/*metabolism
F. H. T. Yong, J. M., Bryant, J. L., Chmiel, J. S., Gange, S. J., Hoover, D. (1997). Dependence of the hazard of AIDS on markers. AIDS, 11(2), 217-28.
Journal Article
A potent activator of HIV-1 replication is present in the genital tract of a subset of HIV-1-infected and uninfected women
AIDS
1997
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9302440
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: To determine whether the female genital tract contains factors that affect HIV-1 replication. Cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples were collected from HIV-1-seropositive and seronegative women and added to cell cultures. METHODS: HIV p24 production was used to measure the effects of CVL on replication of HIVMN in a T-cell line, of a primary isolate in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, or on HIV expression by the latently-infected monocytic U1 cell line. The effects of CVL on the HIV long terminal repeat (LTR) were determined in 1G5 T cells by measuring luciferase activity. RESULTS: Increased replication of HIVMN and a primary isolate were observed in T cells cultured with CVL samples from three out of 38 HIV-infected women, one out of four uninfected high-risk women, and none of 12 low-risk women. The CVL factor increased replication by enhancing virus expression via activation of the HIV LTR. The HIV-inducing activity was highly stable to heat but was sensitive
10.1097/00002030-199711000-00005
9302440
Cells, Cultured Endopeptidases/pharmacology Female Genitalia, Female/*metabolism/*virology HIV Core Protein p24/analysis/metabolism HIV Infections/*metabolism/transmission/virology HIV Long Terminal Repeat/genetics HIV Seronegativity HIV Seropositivity HIV-1/*growth & development/pathogenicity Heating Humans Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical Monocytes/virology T-Lymphocytes/virology Therapeutic Irrigation Transcription, Genetic Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism/physiology Virus Latency
G. T. a.-H. Spear, L., Sha, B., Saarloos, M. N., Hayden, M., Massad, L. S., Benson, C., Roebuck, K. A., Glick, N. R., Landay, A. (1997). A potent activator of HIV-1 replication is present in the genital tract of a subset of HIV-1-infected and uninfected women. AIDS, 11(11), 1319-26.
Journal Article
Disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex disease in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study: increasing incidence, unchanged prognosis
AIDS
1997
15-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9233465
OBJECTIVES: Disseminated disease due to Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) bacteria is thought to occur less frequently in Europe than in the USA. This study investigated time trends in the occurrence of, and survival with, disseminated MAC disease in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS). DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: The SHCS participants who were free of disseminated MAC disease at registration were stratified by calendar period (1987-1989, 1990-1992, 1993-1995) in which the first recorded CD4 count was 0-49, 50-99, or 100-199 x 10(6)/l. Kaplan-Meier estimates of the probability of developing and surviving disseminated MAC disease were calculated for these nine independent groups. Multivariate analyses were performed using Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS: The analysis was based on 6052 participants enrolled between January 1987 and December 1995 and 202 incident episodes of disseminated MAC disease recorded during a mean follow-up time of 3.5 years. The cumulative probab
10.1097/00002030-199709000-00013
9233465
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/*complications/*epidemiology/mortality Adult CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Female Humans Male Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection/*complications/*epidemiology/mortality Prognosis Proportional Hazards Models Prospective Studies Risk Factors Survival Rate Switzerland/epidemiology Time Factors United States/epidemiology
N. P. Low, D., Egger, M. (1997). Disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex disease in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study: increasing incidence, unchanged prognosis. AIDS, 11(9), 1165-71.
Journal Article
Do homosexual and bisexual men who place others at potential risk for HIV have unique psychosocial profiles?
AIDS Educ Prev
1997
Jun-97
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9241390
Prevention of HIV infection requires individuals to attend not only to their own risk but also whether they place others at risk. To design appropriate interventions, however, it is important to determine whether HIV positive and HIV negative individuals who place others at potential risk differ in their psychological profiles. Such differences would suggest the need for specially tailored interventions for each group. We studied 525 homosexual and bisexual men (156 HIV positive, 369 HIV negative) from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (Pittsburgh site) to (a) identify correlates of risky behavior and (b) determine whether these correlates differed by HIV serostatus. Although HIV positive men were somewhat less likely than HIV negative men to have engaged in high-risk sexual activity in the past 6 months (e.g., unprotected insertive anal intercourse), the correlates of such activity were identical across groups. Regardless of serostatus, men placing others at potential risk were younge
9241390
Adaptation,Psychological adverse effects AIDS alcohol Alcohol Drinking anal intercourse bisexual men Bisexuality cohort Cohort Studies cohort study coping epidemiology Health Education Hiv HIV infection HIV Infections homosexual Homosexuality,Male Human infection Knowledge,Attitudes,Practice Male Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Multicenter Studies Nitrates Pennsylvania Pentanols poppers prevention & control psychological psychology Risk serostatus sexual sexual activity Social Support Socioeconomic Factors study Substance-Related Disorders Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. transmission United States bisexual psychosocial
A. G. D. Robins, M.A., Kingsley, L.A., Becker, J.T. (1997). Do homosexual and bisexual men who place others at potential risk for HIV have unique psychosocial profiles?. AIDS Educ Prev, 9(3), 239-251.
Journal Article
Quantitation of target molecules from polymerase chain reaction-based limiting dilution assays
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
1997
10-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9171217
Polymerase chain reaction-based limiting dilution assays (PLDAs), commonly called end-point dilutions, are frequently used to quantify the copy numbers of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other viruses in biological samples; however, the way in which these assays are done, and the mathematical method used to estimate copy numbers, vary from laboratory to laboratory. Here, we describe a statistical method for estimating the number of copies and the associated standard error of the estimate, using a PLDA. The copy number is estimated by the value that maximizes the goodness of fit between the observed numbers of negative reactions and the expected numbers of negative reactions (the latter estimated using a Poisson probability distribution) as measured by the chi2 statistic. The method described here also takes into account user-specified probabilities of obtaining a false-positive or a false-negative PCR result, a feature that is not generally available with other limiting dilution
10.1089/aid.1997.13.737
9171217
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnosis False Negative Reactions False Positive Reactions HIV/*isolation & purification Humans Laboratories/standards Models, Theoretical Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods/standards Quality Control Reproducibility of Results Sensitivity and Specificity Software Virus Diseases/diagnosis Viruses/*isolation & purification
A. G. G. Rodrigo, P. C., Rowhanian, K., Mullins, J. I. (1997). Quantitation of target molecules from polymerase chain reaction-based limiting dilution assays. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 13(9), 737-42.
Journal Article
Loss of T cell receptor Vb repertoires in HIV type 1-infected SCID-hu mice
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
1997
1/20/1997
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9007198
Late-stage HIV-1 disease in humans has been associated with perturbations of the T cell receptor (TCR) Vbeta repertoire. It is not known if the observed loss of certain Vbeta families is attributable directly to HIV-1 infection or whether this is a consequence of multiple opportunistic infections. Putative HIV-1-associated superantigens have been postulated to be the cause of the perturbed TCR Vbeta repertoire and the subsequent CD4+ T cell depletion in HIV-1- infected humans. In this study, we examined the human TCR Vbeta repertoire in SCID-hu mice, housed in a pathogen-free environment and infected with a molecularly cloned virus strain, to ascertain directly the effect of HIV-1 on the human TCR Vbeta repertoire in the absence of other infectious agents. We demonstrate that mock-infected human thymus/liver (Thy/Liv) implants in SCID-hu mice have complete TCR Vbeta repertoires, reflective of a normal human thymus. However, HIV-1- infected implants in SCID-hu mice had depleted TCR Vbet
10.1089/aid.1997.13.125
9007198
AIDS Animal cytology Disease Disease Models,Animal genetics growth & development Hiv HIV Infections Hiv-1 HIV-1 infection Human immunology infection infections Lymphocyte Depletion metabolism Mice Mice,Scid pathology Pennsylvania Receptors,Antigen,T-Cell,alpha-beta study Superantigens Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. T-Lymphocytes Thymus Gland Transplantation Chimera United States virology
D. M. J. Boldt-Houle, B.D., Aldrovandi, G.M., Rinaldo, C.R., Jr., Ehrlich, G.D., Zack, J.A. (1997). Loss of T cell receptor Vb repertoires in HIV type 1-infected SCID-hu mice. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 13(2), 125-134.
Journal Article
Interleukin 6 and AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma: a nested case control study within the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
1997
10-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9171222
Since the beginning of the AIDS epidemic, there has been considerable research on the etiology of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) among HIV-infected individuals. A number of studies have confirmed that HIV or HIV-encoded products can interact with human cells to induce the production of cytokines, including interleukin 6 (IL-6). In vitro observations have indicated that AIDS-KS cells can produce significant levels of IL-6 and also respond to this cytokine. Preliminary data suggested that IL-6 may be elevated among HIV-infected individuals that subsequently develop AIDS-KS. The objective of this study was to determine if elevated levels of IL-6 are associated with an increased incidence of AIDS-KS compared to other AIDS-defining illnesses such as opportunistic infections (OIs). Serum IL-6 levels were determined by ELISA in frozen sera collected from participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) at 6 months prior to AIDS diagnosis, in 73 cases (AIDS-KS), and 152 controls (OI). Elevated
10.1089/aid.1997.13.781
9171222
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/blood/*complications/immunology Adolescent Adult Biomarkers/blood CD4 Lymphocyte Count Case-Control Studies Cohort Studies Confidence Intervals HIV Infections/blood/complications/immunology Humans Interleukin-6/*blood Male Middle Aged Models, Statistical Odds Ratio Regression Analysis Risk Factors Sarcoma, Kaposi/blood/*epidemiology/etiology/*immunology Sexual Behavior Sexually Transmitted Diseases/complications
I. M.-M. Dourado, O., Kishimoto, T., Suzuki, H., Detels, R. (1997). Interleukin 6 and AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma: a nested case control study within the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 13(9), 781-8.
Journal Article
Isolation and characterization of two divergent infectious molecular clones of HIV type 1 longitudinally obtained from a seropositive patient by a progressive amplification procedure
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
1997
10-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9171218
Isolation of infectious molecular clones has been valuable to our understanding of HIV-1-induced pathogenesis. Two infectious molecular clones of HIV-1 were isolated longitudinally from a seropositive subject at different stages of the disease, using a standard bacteriophage lambda vector and a novel progressive amplification procedure. We found the progressive amplification procedure was simpler and more specific than the conventional plaque hybridization assay. The two infectious HIV-1 clones had distinct cell tropism and cytopathic properties. The HIV-1 clone obtained at the asymptomatic stage of the disease was macrophage tropic and had a non-syncytium-inducing property. In contrast, the HIV-1 clone obtained at the stage of AIDS development was dual tropic for T cells and macrophages and induced syncytia. A detailed analysis of the restriction sites of the two clones showed 9 of 21 sites to be unique. These unique restriction sites were predominantly localized in the envelope regio
10.1089/aid.1997.13.743
9171218
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology/physiopathology/*virology Adult Amino Acid Sequence Bacteriophage lambda Cloning, Molecular DNA, Viral/genetics/isolation & purification Genetic Vectors Giant Cells HIV Envelope Protein gp120/chemistry/*genetics HIV Seropositivity/immunology/physiopathology/*virology HIV-1/*classification/isolation & purification/pathogenicity Humans Longitudinal Studies Lymphocytes/immunology/virology Macrophages/virology Male Molecular Sequence Data Phylogeny Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods Restriction Mapping Sequence Alignment T-Lymphocytes/virology Time Factors
M. S. Chen, M. K., Balachandran, R., Gupta, P. (1997). Isolation and characterization of two divergent infectious molecular clones of HIV type 1 longitudinally obtained from a seropositive patient by a progressive amplification procedure. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 13(9), 743-50.
Journal Article
A scientific plan for the evaluation of alternative medicine in the treatment of HIV/AIDS
Altern Ther Health Med
1997
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9061990
The Bastyr University AIDS Research Center was established in October 1994 through a 3-year cooperative grant with the Office of Alternative Medicine, National Institutes of Health. The mission of the Center is to (1) describe forms and patterns of use of alternative medical therapies for HIV infection and AIDS prescribed by practitioners and self-administered by HIV-positive patients in the United States, (2) screen and evaluate therapies for HIV/AIDS from five program areas of alternative medicine, and (3) provide consultation and support in the scientific evaluation of alternative therapies. To meet these goals, the Center has established a network of cooperating alternative medicine clinics and is recruiting HIV-positive men and women who are using alternative medicine to participate in the study. It is collecting data every 6 months from 1500 HIV-positive patients throughout the United States and has created a centralized database to compare outcomes (CD4+ lymphocytes, HIV RNA, CD
9061990
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*therapy Adolescent Adult CD4 Antigens/immunology *Complementary Therapies Ethics, Medical Female HIV Seropositivity/*therapy Humans Male Research
L. J. C. Standish, C., Reeves, C., Polissar, N., Bain, S., O'Donnell, T. (1997). A scientific plan for the evaluation of alternative medicine in the treatment of HIV/AIDS. Altern Ther Health Med, 3(2), 58-67.
Journal Article
Anal sphincter structure and function in homosexual males engaging in anoreceptive intercourse
Am J Gastroenterol
1997
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9068471
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the structure and function of the internal (IAS) and external (EAS) anal sphincters in anoreceptive homosexual men and to determine whether anoreceptive intercourse (ARI) is associated with a higher risk of incontinence in this population. METHODS: We studied 14 anoreceptive homosexual males and 10 age-matched non-anoreceptive heterosexual males in a controlled, prospective cohort study. Subjects underwent evaluation of resting and maximum squeeze anal canal pressures (maximum squeeze pressure obtained over resting pressure) by station pull-through technique, using a manometric perfusion catheter followed by endoanal ultrasonography to evaluate the structure of the IAS and EAS. Manometry also was performed in age-matched male controls. All subjects completed a questionnaire that assessed sexual practices and bowel habits, including fecal incontinence. RESULTS: Resting pressures were significantly lower in subjects engaging in ARI (70.7 +/- 3.2 mm Hg vs. 91.4 +/-
9068471
Adolescent Adult Anal Canal/*anatomy & histology/diagnostic imaging/physiology Case-Control Studies Catheterization Cohort Studies Constipation/etiology Defecation Diarrhea/etiology Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal Fecal Incontinence/etiology Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/etiology *Homosexuality, Male Humans Male Middle Aged Muscle Contraction Pain/etiology Pressure Prospective Studies Risk Factors *Sexual Behavior Sexuality Surveys and Questionnaires Ultrasonography
A. B. R. Chun, S., Mitrani, C., Silvestre, A. J., Wald, A. (1997). Anal sphincter structure and function in homosexual males engaging in anoreceptive intercourse. Am J Gastroenterol, 92(3), 465-8.
Journal Article
Novel alleles of the chemokine-receptor gene CCR5
Am J Hum Genet
1997
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9399903
The CCR5 gene encodes a cell-surface chemokine-receptor molecule that serves as a coreceptor for macrophage-tropic strains of HIV-1. Mutations in this gene may alter expression or function of the protein product, thereby altering chemokine binding/signaling or HIV-1 infection of cells that normally express CCR5 protein. Indeed, homozygotes for a 32-bp deletion allele of CCR5 (CCR5-delta 32), which causes a frameshift at amino acid 185, are relatively resistant to HIV-1 infection. Here we report the identification of 16 additional mutations in the coding region of the CCR5 gene, all but 3 of which are codon altering or "nonsynonymous." Most mutations were rare (found only once or twice in the sample); five were detected exclusively among African Americans, whereas eight were observed only in Caucasians. The mutations included 11 codon-altering nonsynonymous variants, one trinucleotide deletion, one chain-termination mutant, and three synonymous mutations. The high predominance of codon-
10.1086/301645
9399903
PMC1716101
*Alleles Amino Acid Sequence Cohort Studies Continental Population Groups/genetics DNA Mutational Analysis Evolution, Molecular Gene Frequency HIV Infections/genetics/immunology Hiv-1 Humans Immunity, Innate/genetics Models, Molecular Molecular Sequence Data Protein Structure, Tertiary Receptors, CCR5/chemistry/*genetics Selection, Genetic Sequence Alignment Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
M. K. Carrington, T., Gerrard, B., Ivanov, S., O'Brien, S. J., Dean, M. (1997). Novel alleles of the chemokine-receptor gene CCR5. Am J Hum Genet, 61(6), 1261-7. PMC1716101
Journal Article
Social relationships and immune processes in HIV seropositive gay and bisexual men
Ann Behav Med
1997
Spring
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9603689
This three-year longitudinal study assessed the association between social relationships and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) progression in individuals at risk for morbidity and mortality due to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Two-hundred five HIV seropositive men without AIDS completed measures of social integration and loneliness at baseline. Blood samples used to assess CD4 T-lymphocyte levels were collected at baseline and at six-month intervals for a three-year follow-up period. Contrary to expectation, lower levels of baseline loneliness predicted more rapid declines in CD4 levels over the follow-up period. This association was independent of baseline CD4 values, negative affect, and health practices. A series of mediational analyses revealed that sexual behavior, medication use, bereavement, coping, and a number of other variables were not mechanisms through which loneliness affected the immune system. Loneliness was not associated with time to AIDS diagnosis or t
10.1007/BF02883331
9603689
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology Bisexuality/*psychology CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Follow-Up Studies HIV Seropositivity/*immunology/psychology Homosexuality, Male/*psychology Humans *Interpersonal Relations Life Change Events Loneliness Los Angeles Male Psychoneuroimmunology Social Adjustment Social Support
G. E. K. Miller, M. E., Taylor, S. E., Cole, S. W., Visscher, B. R. (1997). Social relationships and immune processes in HIV seropositive gay and bisexual men. Ann Behav Med, 19(2), 139-51.
Journal Article
Sensitivity and "specificity" reconsidered: the meaning of these terms in analytical and diagnostic settings
Ann Intern Med
1997
1/1/1997
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8992938
Imprecise usage of the terms "sensitivity" and "specificity" produces confusion in the diagnostic use of sophisticated laboratory test results. "Analytical sensitivity" represents the smallest amount of substance in a sample that can accurately be measured by an assay. "Analytical specificity" refers to the ability of an assay to measure on particular organism or substance, rather than others, in a sample. An assay's analytical sensitivity and analytical specificity are distinct from that assay's clinical diagnostic sensitivity and diagnostic specificity. "Diagnostic sensitivity" is the percentage of persons who have a given disorder who are identified by the assay as positive for the disorder. High analytical sensitivity does not guarantee acceptable diagnostic sensitivity. "Diagnostic specificity" is the percentage of persons who do not have a given condition who are identified by the assay as negative for the condition. False-positive reactions occur because of sample contamination
10.7326/0003-4819-126-1-199701010-00026
8992938
assay Baltimore clinical diagnosis diagnostic diagnostic use False Positive Reactions health Humans Laboratories Maryland Predictive Value of Tests Public Health research Semantics Sensitivity and Specificity support
A. J. H. Saah, D.R. (1997). Sensitivity and "specificity" reconsidered: the meaning of these terms in analytical and diagnostic settings. Ann Intern Med, 126(1), 91-94.
Journal Article
Plasma viral load and CD4+ lymphocytes as prognostic markers of HIV-1 infection
Ann Intern Med
1997
6/15/1997
http://www.annals.org/cgi/content/full/126/12/946
BACKGROUND: The rate of disease progression among persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) varies widely, and the relative prognostic value of markers of disease activity has not been defined. OBJECTIVE: To compare clinical, serologic, cellular, and virologic markers for their ability to predict progression to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and death during a 10-year period. DESIGN: Prospective, multicenter cohort study. SETTING: Four university-based clinical centers participating in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. PATIENTS: 1604 men infected with HIV-1. MEASUREMENTS: The markers compared were oral candidiasis (thrush) or fever; serum neopterin levels; serum beta 2-microglobulin levels; number and percentage of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ lymphocytes; and plasma viral load, which was measured as the concentration of HIV-1 RNA found using a sensitive branched-DNA signal-amplification assay. RESULTS: Plasma viral load was the single best predictor of
10.7326/0003-4819-126-12-199706150-00003
9182471
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome AIDS beta 2-Microglobulin Biological Markers blood CD4 Lymphocyte Count CD4+ CD8+ clinical cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Decision Trees Disease Disease Progression drug therapy Fever genetics Hiv-1 HIV-1 infection Human human immunodeficiency virus immunodeficiency infection lymphocyte Lymphocyte Count lymphocyte counts Lymphocytes Male marker markers measurement Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Neopterin predictor Prognosis progression Regression Analysis Risk Rna Rna,Viral sera study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. United States Viral Load virology virus
J. W. M. Mellors, A., Giorgi, J.V., Margolick, J.B., Tassoni, C.J., Gupta, P., Kingsley, L.A., Todd, J.A., Saah, A.J., Detels, R., Phair, J.P., Rinaldo, C.R., Jr. (1997). Plasma viral load and CD4+ lymphocytes as prognostic markers of HIV-1 infection. Ann Intern Med, 126(12), 946-954.
Journal Article
Relationship between human immunodeficiency virus-associated dementia and viral load in cerebrospinal fluid and brain
Ann Neurol
1997
Nov-97
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9392567
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA levels were measured with the Nucleic Acid Sequence-Based Amplification (NASBA) assay to determine the relationship with neurological status; 37 subjects with HIV dementia (HIV-D) were compared with 77 with HIV with minor neurological signs (HIV-MCMD) and 93 neurologically normal HIV-seropositive individuals (HIV-NML). The NASBA assay had a lower limit of detection of 100 copies per milliliter. Mean CSF log HIV RNA levels were significantly higher in those with dementia after adjusting for CD4 count and were correlated with dementia severity. Plasma levels did not distinguish comparably immunosuppressed subjects with or without dementia. CSF and plasma RNA levels were significantly intercorrelated for subjects with CD4 counts <200/mm3 and also correlated inversely with CSF beta2-microglobulin. CSF RNA levels were independent of CSF pleocytosis or antiretroviral exposure. Brain RNA levels were consistently higher than CSF
10.1002/ana.410420504
9392567
activation AIDS Dementia Complex analysis Baltimore Beta2-microglobulin Biological Markers blood Brain CD4 CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cerebrospinal Fluid Cohort Studies Comparative Study Cross-Sectional Studies Dementia Disease Disease Progression genetics Hiv Hiv-1 Human human immunodeficiency virus immune immune activation immunodeficiency immunology infection isolation & purification marker markers Multicenter Studies Neuropsychological Tests Reproducibility of Results Rna Rna,Viral standards study Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. surrogate marker United States Viral Load virology virus
J. C. M. McArthur, D.R., Cronin, M.F., Nance-Sproson, T.E., Saah, A.J., St Clair, M., Lanier, E.R. (1997). Relationship between human immunodeficiency virus-associated dementia and viral load in cerebrospinal fluid and brain. Ann Neurol, 42(5), 689-698.
Journal Article
Early versus deferred zidovudine monotherapy: impact on AIDS-free time and survival in the multicenter AIDS cohort study
Antivir Ther
1997
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11322263
The objective of this study was to compare the time to AIDS and to death between men receiving zidovudine therapy before or not before the diagnosis of AIDS. For the time to AIDS comparison, 821 men receiving zidovudine therapy before the diagnosis of AIDS were pair matched with men who did not receive zidovudine therapy until after diagnosis on their CD4 cell count (+/- 75 cells/mm3), haemoglobin level (+/- 0.75 g/dl), number of clinical symptoms and study visit at the time of initiation of zidovudine therapy and were monitored for a median of 2.08 years. For the time to death comparison, 186 men who received zidovudine therapy prior to AIDS diagnosis were pair matched on the same variables to men who received zidovudine therapy only after the AIDS diagnosis, and were monitored for a median of 2.88 years. Only men with < 350 CD4 cells/mm3 who received zidovudine therapy prior to AIDS diagnosis remained AIDS free significantly longer than their pair match who did not (P < 0.0001). The
11322263
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*drug therapy/mortality Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use Humans Male Prospective Studies Time Factors Zidovudine/*therapeutic use
R. M. Detels, A., Peng, Y., Graham, N., Mellors, J., Phair, J. (1997). Early versus deferred zidovudine monotherapy: impact on AIDS-free time and survival in the multicenter AIDS cohort study. Antivir Ther, 2(1), 21-9.
Journal Article
Helper T-lymphocyte count. TRAx CD4 test kit versus conventional flow cytometry
Arch Pathol Lab Med
1997
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9302928
BACKGROUND: We evaluated a newly developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system for measuring helper T-lymphocyte count. METHODS: Data from 111 human immunodeficiency virus-infected injection drug users in a cohort study were analyzed by flow cytometry and independent duplicate runs of the TRAx enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: The mean helper T-cell counts were 470, 480, and 506 per microliter by flow cytometry and TRAx runs 1 and 2, respectively. The correlation coefficients for TRAx runs 1 and 2 with the flow cytometry results as the dependent variable were .93 and .91, respectively. A cross-tabulation of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay helper T-lymphocyte counts with flow cytometry counts showed agreement of 71% and 76% when the flow count was between 201 and 500, and 88% and 90% when it was greater than 500 cells per microliter. In those samples with 200 or fewer helper T cells, agreement was 73% and 41% for each TRAx run. CONCLUSIONS: The TRAx enzyme-linked im
9302928
CD4 Lymphocyte Count/*methods Cohort Studies Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/*instrumentation/methods Flow Cytometry/*methods HIV Infections/immunology Humans *Lymphocyte Subsets *Reagent Kits, Diagnostic Substance Abuse, Intravenous *T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer
A. J. S. Saah, C., Hoover, D. R., Prevots, R., Taylor, E., Margolick, J. B., Vlahov, D. (1997). Helper T-lymphocyte count. TRAx CD4 test kit versus conventional flow cytometry. Arch Pathol Lab Med, 121(9), 960-2.
Journal Article
Circulating CD8 T cells show increased interferon-g mRNA expression in HIV infection
Cell Immunol
1997
5/25/1997
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9184702
IFN-gamma mRNA levels were measured in unstimulated PBMC and purified cell subpopulations, utilizing branched DNA assays, to characterize the cell type(s) that contribute to the in vivo increase in IFN-gamma gene expression seen in HIV infection. PBMC and CD8 T cells from HIV- seropositive subjects (HIV+) showed 2.5-fold increases in mean IFN- gamma mRNA levels compared to HIV-uninfected subjects (HIV-). Within individuals, CD8 T cells showed the highest IFN-gamma expression regardless of HIV status, which suggests that HIV infection enhances the IFN-gamma gene expression in CD8 T cells rather than inducing a shift to and/or increasing expression of IFN-gamma mRNA in other cell types. HIV+ subjects with increased PBMC IFN-gamma mRNA had elevated plasma levels of HIV RNA, neopterin, and beta 2-microglobulin. No differences in IFN-gamma mRNA levels were seen among HIV+ stratified by CD4 T cell number. Increased IFN-gamma may result from or be a contributing factor to increased viral load
10.1006/cimm.1997.1115
beta 2-Microglobulin biosynthesis blood CD4 CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes Cells,Cultured Dna Gene Expression Regulation genetics Hiv HIV infection HIV Infections Human immunology infection Interferon Type II Los Angeles Male metabolism microbiology Neopterin RNA,Messenger Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. United States
E. C. S.-G. Breen, J.F., Shen, L.P., Kolberg, J.A., Urdea, M.S., Martinez-Maza, O., Fahey, J.L. (1997). Circulating CD8 T cells show increased interferon-g mRNA expression in HIV infection. Cell Immunol, 178(1), 91-98.
Journal Article
Relation of impaired lymphocyte proliferative function to other major human immunodeficiency virus type 1-induced immunological changes
Clin Diagn Lab Immunol
1997
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9008283
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 (HIV-1) induces impairment of immune function reflected in reduced lymphocyte proliferative responses. Many other immune changes are induced by HIV-1, but their relationship to lymphocyte functional defects is not known. The present study was designed to correlate functional defects with other HIV disease parameters. Cryopreserved samples from 118 HIV-1-positive subjects and 40 seronegative individuals were examined. The main findings were that impaired proliferative responses to mitogens correlated with (i) decreased cell surface expression of the interleukin-2 receptor (CD25), (ii) increased expression of HLA-DR antigens on CD4 cells, (iii) reduced CD4 and increased CD8 cell numbers, and (iv) increased levels of serum immune complex dissociated p24 antigen. However, impaired function was not associated with increased serum neopterin, beta2-microglobulin, or soluble interleukin-2 receptor or with CD38 antigen expression on lymphocytes. In summ
9008283
PMC170477
Antigen-Antibody Complex/immunology Antigens, CD/biosynthesis Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/biosynthesis CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/virology CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism/virology HIV Antibodies/metabolism HIV Core Protein p24/biosynthesis/metabolism HIV Infections/*immunology HIV-1/*immunology HLA-DR Antigens/biosynthesis Humans Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects/immunology/metabolism/virology *Lymphocyte Activation Mitogens/pharmacology Receptors, Interleukin-2/biosynthesis Receptors, Transferrin
H. Z. F. Bass, J. L., Nishanian, P., Detels, R., Cumberland, W., Kemeny, M., Plaeger, S. (1997). Relation of impaired lymphocyte proliferative function to other major human immunodeficiency virus type 1-induced immunological changes. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol, 4(1), 64-9. PMC170477
Journal Article
A semiquantitative assay for CD8+ T-cell-mediated suppression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection
Clin Diagn Lab Immunol
1997
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9008273
A reproducible, semiquantitative assay was developed to measure the level of the anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (anti-HIV-1) suppressive activity of CD8+ T cells. The assay had a wide dynamic range and could be applied to a relatively small number of fresh and cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells and purified CD8+ T cells. The suppressive activity was not due to cytolytic activity and was not major histocompatibility complex class I restricted. Suppression of HIV-1 infection by CD8+ T cells was consistently demonstrable with both endogenously infected autologous CD4+ T cells and exogenously infected allogeneic CD4+ T cells. This assay can be used to monitor the level of antiviral activity of CD8+ T cells in a retrospective and prospective manner in studies of the natural history of HIV-1 infection and of subjects receiving anti-HIV-1 therapy and vaccines.
9008273
PMC170467
CD4 Lymphocyte Count HIV Infections/*immunology/*virology HIV-1/*immunology Humans Immunoassay/methods Male Reproducibility of Results T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/*immunology/virology Virus Replication/immunology
Y. R. Chen, C., Gupta, P. (1997). A semiquantitative assay for CD8+ T-cell-mediated suppression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol, 4(1), 10-Apr. PMC170467
Journal Article
Relationship of plasma HIV-RNA levels and levels of TNF-a and immune activation products in HIV infection
Clin Immunol Immunopathol
1997
Jul-97
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9191882
The goal of this study was to determine the relationship between plasma human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) load and cytokine expression. HIV- RNA plasma levels were determined in 34 HIV-seropositive (HIV+) asymptomatic subjects [range: 0.5 to 211 kiloequivalents (kEq)/ml HIV- RNAJ, by a modified branched-DNA (bDNA) assay. Plasma HIV-RNA levels were positively correlated with increased plasma levels of TNF-alpha, soluble TNF receptor type II, soluble IL-2 receptor, beta 2- microglobulin, and neopterin, but not with plasma IL-6 levels. In contrast, increased viral load and diminished CD4 counts correlated weakly. TNF-alpha mRNA levels, as determined by bDNA technology, were not significantly increased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from HIV-infected subjects, compared to HIV- seronegative (HIV-) subjects, and were not correlated with plasma levels of HIV-RNA, cytokines, or activation markers. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that a self-reinforcing
10.1006/clin.1997.4364
9191882
activation Biological Markers blood CD4 Cohort Studies cytokine Cytokines Disease genetics Hand Hiv HIV infection HIV Infections Human human immunodeficiency virus immune immune activation immunodeficiency immunology infection Los Angeles Lymphocyte Transformation Male marker markers metabolism mRNA Multicenter Studies Necrosis Neopterin PBMC Receptors,Tumor Necrosis Factor research Rna RNA,Messenger Rna,Viral study Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. Tumor Necrosis Factor United States Viral Load virus TNF-a
J. F. M.-M. Salazar-Gonzalez, O., Aziz, N., Kolberg, J.A., Yeghiazarian, T., Shen, L.P., Fahey, J.L. (1997). Relationship of plasma HIV-RNA levels and levels of TNF-a and immune activation products in HIV infection. Clin Immunol Immunopathol, 84(1), 36-45.
Journal Article
Measurement of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 RNA load distinguishes progressive infection from nonprogressive HIV-1 infection in men and women
Clin Infect Dis
1997
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9332540
10.1086/516912
9332540
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnosis/virology CD4 Lymphocyte Count Disease Progression Female HIV Infections/classification/*diagnosis/*virology *hiv-1 Humans Male Prognosis RNA, Viral/*analysis Survivors Viral Load/*adverse effects
G. S. Fang, F. P., Weiser, B., Grimson, R., Anastos, K., Back, S., Burger, H. (1997). Measurement of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 RNA load distinguishes progressive infection from nonprogressive HIV-1 infection in men and women. Clin Infect Dis, 25(2), 332-3.
Journal Article
Effect of treatment with zidovudine on subsequent incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma
Clin Infect Dis
1997
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9402370
Despite much investigation of zidovudine, little has been reported regarding its effect on the development of most individual AIDS-defining illnesses, including Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). We used observational data from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) to estimate the effect of zidovudine use on the subsequent incidence of KS. To do this, we examined and adjusted for predictors of zidovudine use. CD4 lymphocyte counts, the development of HIV-related symptoms and AIDS, and changes in these factors were important predictors of zidovudine use. We used these associations to control for confounding by these and other factors with the G-estimation approach. We found no evidence that zidovudine use affected the time to KS in the MACS; the point estimate (95% confidence interval [CI]) for increase in time to KS was zero (-28%-68%). The relative risk was 1.0 (95% CI, 0.54-1.84). Randomized trials suggest that zidovudine may prevent KS. We discuss possible explanations for differences betwee
10.1086/516108
9402370
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/*epidemiology/prevention & control Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use Cohort Studies Follow-Up Studies Humans Incidence Male Predictive Value of Tests Sarcoma, Kaposi/*epidemiology/prevention & control Zidovudine/*therapeutic use
M. M. H. Joffe, D. R., Jacobson, L. P., Kingsley, L., Chmiel, J. S., Visscher, B. R. (1997). Effect of treatment with zidovudine on subsequent incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma. Clin Infect Dis, 25(5), 1125-33.
Journal Article
Hepatitis A among homosexual men and injection drug users: more evidence for vaccination
Clin Infect Dis
1997
Sep-97
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9314468
As agencies develop guidelines for administering the newly developed hepatitis A virus (HAV) vaccine, information is needed regarding the occurrence of HAV infection in groups putatively at risk for the infection. We tested serum samples from 300 injection drug users (IDUs), 300 homosexual males, and 300 blood donors for the presence of total antibody to HAV (anti-HAV). Anti-HAV was detected in 66% of IDUs, 32% of homosexual males, and 14% of blood donors. Anti-HAV was not significantly associated (P > .10) with high-risk drug-using behaviors but was more prevalent among IDUs with annual incomes of <$5,000 (P = .018). The occurrence of anti-HAV increased among homosexual males as the number of sexual partners increased (P < .001) but was similar to the age-adjusted prevalence (30.6%) estimated for the general United States population. IDUs are at increased risk for HAV infection; however, our data suggest that factors related to low socioeconomic status contribute more to the occurrenc
10.1086/513757
9314468
Antibodies antibody Baltimore behavior blood Blood Donors Cohort Studies complications Disease drug use drug users epidemiology guidelines hepatitis Hepatitis A Hepatitis A Antibodies Hepatitis A Vaccines Hepatitis A Virus,Human Hepatitis Antibodies high-risk homosexual homosexual men Homosexuality,Male Human immunology Income infection infectious diseases information Male Maryland pharmacology population Prevalence prevention & control Risk sera sexual Sexual Partners Substance Abuse,Intravenous Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. United States Vaccination vaccine vaccines Viral Hepatitis Vaccines virus
S. A. N. Villano, K.E., Vlahov, D., Purcell, R.H., Saah, A.J., Thomas, D.L. (1997). Hepatitis A among homosexual men and injection drug users: more evidence for vaccination. Clin Infect Dis, 25(3), 726-728.
Journal Article
Psychobiology of HIV infection
Crit Rev Neurobiol
1997
1997
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9336715
This review surveys evidence relevant to the proposition that psychobiologic factors may influence the progress of infection with human immunodeficiency virus Type 1 (HIV-1). Little research has directly examined the influence of psychobiologic factors on the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying HIV progression. However, basic research in neuroimmune interactions indicates that activation of the sympathetic nervous system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis can influence several immunologic processes relevant to HIV pathogenesis and the body's ability to resist the progress of infection. A small number of observational natural history studies indicate that certain psychosocial characteristics may be associated with differential disease progression (e.g., subjective responses to highly threatening events, and inhibited psychosocial characteristics). We address some of the methodologic and conceptual issues critical to the interpretation of current results as evidence that psychobiolog
10.1615/critrevneurobiol.v11.i4.30
9336715
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology/*psychology Autonomic Nervous System/immunology/physiology Depression/immunology Disease Progression HIV-1/*immunology Humans *Neuroimmunomodulation Social Support Stress, Psychological/immunology
S. W. K. Cole, M. E. (1997). Psychobiology of HIV infection. Crit Rev Neurobiol, 11(4), 289-321.
Journal Article
Testing the efficiency of aerosol containment during cell sorting
Current Protocols in Cytometry
1997
aerosol containment testing
Book Section
Biosafety guidelines for sorting of unfixed cells
Cytometry
1997
6/1/1997
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9181299
The International Society of Analytical Cytology (ISAC) Biohazard Working Group presents guidelines for sorting of unfixed cells, including known biohazardous samples, using jet-in-air, deflected- droplet cell sorters. There is a risk that personnel operating these instruments could become exposed to droplets and aerosols containing biological agents present in the samples. The following guidelines can aid in the prevention of exposures of laboratory personnel to pathogens contained in the sort samples. The document provides biosafety recommendations for sample handling, operator training and protection, laboratory facility design, and instrument setup and maintenance. In addition, it describes in detail methods for assessment of instrument aerosol containment. Recommendations provided here may also help laboratories to obtain institutional and/or regulatory agency approval for sorting of unfixed and known biohazardous samples
10.1002/(sici)1097-0320(19970601)28:2<99::aid-cyto2>3.0.co;2-b
9181299
Aerosols agent Cell Separation Containment of Biohazards cytology Flow Cytometry guidelines Human Laboratories Laboratory Personnel Los Angeles maintenance methods Risk Safety Management Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. Tissue Fixation United States
I. N. Schmid, J.K.A., Giorgi, J.V., Janossy, G., Kunkl, A., Lopez, P.A., Perfetto, S., Seamer, L.C., Dean, P.N. (1997). Biosafety guidelines for sorting of unfixed cells. Cytometry, 28(2), 99-117.
Journal Article
Host genes and HIV infection: implications and applications
Emerg Infect Dis
1997
Jul-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9284391
10.3201/eid0303.970323
9284391
PMC2627625
HIV Infections/*genetics/immunology/prevention & control HLA Antigens/genetics Humans Polymorphism, Genetic Receptors, CCR5 Receptors, Cytokine/genetics Receptors, HIV/genetics
R. A. Kaslow (1997). Host genes and HIV infection: implications and applications. Emerg Infect Dis, 3(3), 401-2. PMC2627625
Journal Article
Sexual risk behaviour among subgroups of heterosexual HIV infected patients in an urban setting
Genitourin Med
1997
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9582482
OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of characteristics associated with unprotected heterosexual intercourse in HIV infected adults in an urban area. DESIGN: Retrospective comparison of sexual risk transmission behaviour between HIV infected men and women from a drug treatment site and between women from the drug site and HIV infected women from an urban medical centre. METHODS: HIV infected women and men were asked questions on sexual behaviour for a 1 year period before enrollment. The outcome variable was heterosexual risk behaviour (HRB) defined as having vaginal sex at least once in the previous year and not always using condoms. RESULTS: 73% of the drug clinic females, 72% of the drug clinic males, and 42% of the medical centre female engaged in HRB. Using logistic regression analysis, women and men in drug treatment engaged in similar rates of HRB; however, women in drug treatment were four times (95% CI = 2.0-8.3) more likely to engage in HRB risk behaviour than women from the
10.1136/sti.73.6.552
9582482
PMC1195946
Adult Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/epidemiology/*psychology/transmission Heterosexuality Humans Male New York/epidemiology Retrospective Studies *Risk-Taking *Sexual Behavior Sexual Partners Socioeconomic Factors Urban Health
J. A. F. DeHovitz, J., Brown, L. S., Minkoff, H. (1997). Sexual risk behaviour among subgroups of heterosexual HIV infected patients in an urban setting. Genitourin Med, 73(6), 552-4. PMC1195946
Journal Article
Interleukin 6: Role in the pathogenesis of cancer
Handbook of Immunodulatory Agents
1997
agent cancer interleukin 6 Interleukin-6 pathogenesis
Book Section
Cytokine changes in HIV infection
HIV & Cytokines
1997
Beta2-microglobulin CD4 cytokine Cytokines Hiv HIV infection HLA-DR immune activation immune deficiency Immunoglobulins infection t-cells
Book Section
Elevated levels of serum sCD23, sCD27, and IgE precede the appearance of AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
HIV and Cytokines Agents
1997
agent cytokine Cytokines Hiv lymphoma non-Hodgkin's lymphoma sera
Book Section
Evaluation of integrity of gloves used in a flow cytometry laboratory
Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology
1997
Jun
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9181400/
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of normal use on latex glove integrity in a flow cytometry laboratory. The gloves were tested using the 1,000 mu L watertight test and met industrial standards (less than 4% leakage) before, but not after, use. More durable gloves, or more frequent changes of gloves, may be needed to ensure adequate barrier protection for laboratory workers during routine procedures.
10.1086/647643
9181400
latex care
W. R. L. Cappuccio, P. S. J., Breysse, P. N., Margolick, J. B. (1997). Evaluation of integrity of gloves used in a flow cytometry laboratory. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, 18(6), 423-425.
Journal Article
HIV-1 gp120: a novel viral B cell superantigen
Int Rev Immunol
1997
1997
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9186784
The envelope glycoprotein of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1), gp120, has recently been characterized as a novel immunoglobulin superantigen (Ig-SAg) [1,2]. Analogous to the interaction of SAgs with T cells, gp120 binds to an unusually large proportion of immunoglobulins (lgs) from HIV-uninfected individuals; most, if not all of these Igs are members of the VH3 family [3]. Functionally, gp120 preferentially stimulates VH3 B cells in vitro. This stimulation correlates with an in vivo VH3 activation during HIV infection. Curiously, this initial activation is followed by a subsequent depletion of VH3-expressing B cells as individuals progress to AIDS. In this article we will review our current understanding of the superantigenic properties of HIV gp120. Specifically we will focus on structural aspects of the binding interaction. on the ontological development of these superantigen-binding antibodies, and on potential roles that this unconventional Ig-pathogen interaction might pla
10.3109/08830189709116523
9186784
B-Lymphocytes/*immunology Binding Sites Complement System Proteins/metabolism HIV Antibodies/metabolism HIV Envelope Protein gp120/chemistry/*immunology/metabolism HIV Infections/epidemiology/etiology/transmission HIV-1/*immunology Humans Molecular Structure *Superantigens/metabolism
J. N. Townsley-Fuchs, M. S., Margolin, D. H., Braun, J., Goodglick, L. (1997). HIV-1 gp120: a novel viral B cell superantigen. Int Rev Immunol, 14(4), 325-38.
Journal Article
Evaluation of immunologic markers in cervicovaginal fluid of HIV-infected and uninfected women: implications for the immunologic response to HIV in the female genital tract
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol
1997
1-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9390567
We analyzed 21 cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) specimens from 19 women participating in the Women's Interagency HIV Study to characterize levels of antibody, cytokine, and complement and to determine associations between these levels and stage of the menstrual cycle, HIV status, and the presence of concurrent genital infection and genital dysplasia. Sixteen samples were collected from HIV-infected women and five from high-risk HIV-seronegative women. CVL fluid was assayed for levels of IgG, secretory IgA (s-IgA), interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-10, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-1beta, interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), C3, C1q, and C4. Women with HIV were more likely to have cervicovaginal dysplasia (9/16 vs. 0/5; p = 0.027) but were not more likely to have concurrent vaginal infection (10/16 vs. 2/5; p = 0.38). Antibody, cytokine, and complement were detectable in all samples, although not all samples had measurable IL-10, C3, or C4. HIV-infected women demonstrated a trend toward
10.1097/00042560-199711010-00004
9390567
Adult Biomarkers/*analysis Body Fluids/immunology CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cervix Uteri/*immunology Complement System Proteins/analysis Cytokines/analysis Female Genital Diseases, Female/*immunology HIV Antibodies/analysis HIV Infections/*immunology HIV-1/*immunology Humans Immunoglobulin A, Secretory/analysis Menstrual Cycle/immunology Middle Aged Vagina/*immunology
B. E. D. A. Sha, R. D., Landay, A. L., Spear, G. T., Massad, L. S., Rydman, R. J., Warner, N. A., Padnick, J., Ackatz, L., Charles, L. A., Benson, C. A. (1997). Evaluation of immunologic markers in cervicovaginal fluid of HIV-infected and uninfected women: implications for the immunologic response to HIV in the female genital tract. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol, 16(3), 161-8.
Journal Article
Effect of smoking on the clinical progression of HIV-1 infection
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol
1997
15-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9170420
Cigarette smoking as a risk factor in progression of HIV-1 disease was investigated in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study of homosexual men. Longitudinal data for T-cell subsets, HIV-related clinical symptoms, smoking behavior, and AIDS medication use were collected semiannually from 2,499 HIV-1-seropositive men for up to 9 years. Survival methods, including Kaplan-Meier analysis and multivariate Cox regression models, were used to assess the effect of cigarette smoking on development of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), AIDS, death, and self-reported oral thrush. After adjustment for CD4+ lymphocyte count and use of antiretroviral and anti-PCP medications, smoking was not significantly associated with progression to PCP, AIDS, or death in either the HIV-seroprevalent or-seroincident cohort members. Among men who had baseline CD4+ cell counts > 200/microliter, smoking was associated with a 40% increase in the hazard of oral thrush (p < or = 0.01). These data indicate that cigarette
10.1097/00042560-199704150-00009
9170420
Candidiasis, Oral/etiology Cohort Studies Disease Progression Follow-Up Studies HIV Infections/complications/epidemiology/*etiology HIV Seroprevalence *hiv-1 Health Behavior Homosexuality, Male Humans Incidence Male Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/epidemiology/etiology Proportional Hazards Models Risk Factors Smoking/*adverse effects Survival Analysis
N. P. Galai, L. P., Wesch, J., Visscher, B., Riddler, S., Margolick, J. B. (1997). Effect of smoking on the clinical progression of HIV-1 infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol, 14(5), 451-8.
Journal Article
Design of nested studies to identify factors related to late progression of HIV infection
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol
1997
1997
Our objectives are to describe several important aspects in the design of nested studies of long-term survivors (LTS) and to illustrate these aspects using individuals in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Using three previously proposed definitions of progression using CD4+ lymphocyte counts and slopes over time, we show the prevalence of LTS to be between 4 and 19% using 7 to 11 years of follow-up. We describe two type of comparisons similar to LTS: 'external' comparisons to individuals with baseline characteristics similar to LTS but with subsequent moderate or fast disease progression, and 'internal' comparisons of the individuals within the LTS group who later progress with those who remain persistently healthy. Using graphical methods for multivariate data, 10 domains of progression are displayed according to periods defined by the study design.
AIDS CD4 CD4 Lymphocyte Count cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Disease Disease Progression follow-up Hiv HIV infection infection long-term nonprogressors Lymphocyte Count MACS methods Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Prevalence progression study Survivors characteristics
S. J. M. Gange, A., Schrager, L.K., Margolick, J.B., Giorgi, J.V., Saah, A.J., Rinaldo, C., Detels, R., Phair, J.P. (1997). Design of nested studies to identify factors related to late progression of HIV infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol, 15(Suppl. 1), S5-S9.
Journal Article
Elevated CD38 antigen expression on CD8+ T cells is a stronger marker for the risk of chronic HIV disease progression to AIDS and death in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study than CD4+ cell count, soluble immune activation markers, or combinations of HLA-DR and CD38 expression
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol
1997
10/1/1997
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9358102
The prognostic value of several immunologic markers were compared in Los Angeles Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) participants, most of whom had been infected with HIV for >8 years. Markers studied included CD4+ cell number, flow cytometric measurements of CD8+ cell expression of CD38 and HLA-DR antigens, and serum markers of immune activation including neopterin, beta2-microglobulin, soluble interleukin-2 receptor, soluble CD8, and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-alpha (TNF-alpha) type II. Cox proportional hazards models indicated that elevated CD38 on CD8, a flow cytometric measurement of CD8+ T- lymphocyte activation, was the most predictive marker of those studied for development of a clinical AIDS diagnosis and death. As compared with the reference group, who had CD38 on CD8 <2470 molecules per CD8+ cell and in whom 4 of 99 developed clinical AIDS within 3 years, participants with CD38 on CD8 between 2470 and 3899, 3900 and 7250, and >7250 had relative risks (and number
10.1097/00042560-199710010-00003
9358102
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome activation Adult AIDS analysis Antigens Antigens,CD8 Antigens,Differentiation beta 2-Microglobulin Beta2-microglobulin Biological Markers CD38 antigen CD4 Lymphocyte Count CD4+ CD8 CD8+ CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes Cell Count Chronic Disease clinical cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Comparative Study diagnosis Disease Disease Progression epidemiology Flow Cytometry Hiv HIV Infections HIV Seronegativity HIV Seropositivity HLA-DR HLA-DR Antigens Human immune immune activation immunology Interleukin-2 Los Angeles lymphocyte MACS Male management marker markers measurement model mortality Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Multicenter Studies NAD+ Nucleosidase Necrosis Neopterin Predictive Value of Tests Prognosis progression Proportional Hazards Models Receptors,Tumor Necrosis Factor Risk study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. Survivors t cell t-cells Tumor Necrosis Factor United States
Z. C. Liu, W.G., Hultin, L.E., Prince, H.E., Detels, R., Giorgi, J.V. (1997). Elevated CD38 antigen expression on CD8+ T cells is a stronger marker for the risk of chronic HIV disease progression to AIDS and death in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study than CD4+ cell count, soluble immune activation markers, or combinations of HLA-DR and CD38 expression. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol, 16(2), 83-92.
Journal Article
Early levels of CD4, neopterin, and b2-microglobulin indicate future disease progression
J Clin Immunol
1997
Jan-97
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9049785
Reduced CD4 T cell level and increased serum neopterin and beta 2- microglobulin levels, which reflect immunological activation and dysregulation, are three important markers of HIV disease. The aim in this study is to delineate more clearly the relation of activation to future CD4 values and disease progression. By analyzing a cohort of 198 seroconverters from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study with 9 years' follow-up, the dynamic changes and levels of these three markers and their interrelationships are explored. We observed that the levels of markers in the first year after seroconversion have a much stronger impact on the progression of the disease than the preseroconversion marker levels. The actual change during the year after seroconversion is not as important as the final level reached during that year. The early levels of markers after seroconversion appear to be good indicators of the subsequent course of disease as defined by CD4 level and slightly better than the quantitativ
10.1023/a:1027336428736
9049785
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome activation AIDS analogs & derivatives Antigens Antigens,CD4 beta 2-Microglobulin Biological Markers Biopterin blood CD4 cohort Cohort Studies cohort study diagnosis Disease Disease Progression follow-up Follow-Up Studies Hiv HIV Infections Human immunology information Los Angeles Male marker markers metabolism Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Multicenter Studies Neopterin progression Proportional Hazards Models sera seroconversion study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. t cell United States
M. T. Shi, J.M.G., Fahey, J.L., Hoover, D.R., Muñoz, A., Kingsley, L.A. (1997). Early levels of CD4, neopterin, and b2-microglobulin indicate future disease progression. J Clin Immunol, 17(1), 43-52.
Journal Article
Heterozygosity for a defective gene for CC chemokine receptor 5 is not the sole determinant for the immunologic and virologic phenotype of HIV- infected long-term nonprogressors
J Clin Invest
1997
9/15/1997
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9294127
HIV-1-infected long-term nonprogressors are a heterogeneous group of individuals with regard to immunologic and virologic markers of HIV-1 disease. CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) has recently been identified as an important coreceptor for HIV-1 entry into CD4+ T cells. A mutant allele of CCR5 confers a high degree of resistance to HIV-1 infection in homozygous individuals and partial protection against HIV disease progression in heterozygotes. The frequency of CCR5 heterozygotes is increased among HIV-1- infected long-term nonprogressors compared with progressors; however, the host defense mechanisms responsible for nonprogression in CCR5 heterozygotes are unknown. We hypothesized that nonprogressors who were heterozygous for the mutant CCR5 gene might define a subgroup of nonprogressors with higher CD4+ T cell counts and lower viral load compared with CCR5 wild-type nonprogressors. However, in a cohort of 33 HIV-1-infected long-term nonprogressors, those who were heterozygous for the
10.1172/JCI119682
9294127
PMC508340
Adult analysis blood CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes chemistry Disease Disease Progression Disease-Free Survival Female genetics Heterozygote Hiv HIV Infections Hiv-1 HIV-1 infection Homozygote Human Immunohistochemistry immunology In Situ Hybridization infection isolation & purification Laboratories Lymph Nodes Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1 Male markers metabolism Middle Age Monocytes Mutation pathogenicity Phenotype Rantes Receptors,CCR5 Receptors,Complement 3d Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. t-cells United States Viral Load virology
O. J. V. Cohen, M., Lam, G.K., Baird, B.F., Wildt, K., Murphy, P.M., Zimmerman, P.A., Nutman, T.B., Fox, C.H., Hoover, S., Adelsberger, J., Baseler, M., Arthos, J., Davey, R.T., Jr., Dewar, R.L., Metcalf, J., Schwartzentruber, D.J., Orenstein, J.M., Buchbinder, S., Saah, A.J., Detels, R., Phair, J., Rinaldo, C., Margolick, J.B., Fauci, A.S. (1997). Heterozygosity for a defective gene for CC chemokine receptor 5 is not the sole determinant for the immunologic and virologic phenotype of HIV- infected long-term nonprogressors. J Clin Invest, 100(6), 1581-1589. PMC508340
Journal Article
Seroreactivity to hepatitis E virus in areas where the disease is not endemic
J Clin Microbiol
1997
May-97
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9114415
If the occurrence of hepatitis E virus antibody (anti-HEV) in regions where the disease is not endemic represents infection, rates may be greater in high-risk populations and behavioral correlates may reflect recognized transmission modes. Serum samples from 300 homosexual males, 300 injection drug users (IDUs), and 300 blood donors from Baltimore, Md., were tested for anti-HEV by enzyme immunoassay. Anti-HEV was found in an unexpectedly high percentage of homosexual men (15.9%) and IDUs (23.0%). However, anti-HEV was present in a similar proportion of blood donors (21.3%) (P > 0.05), while hepatitis A, B, and C virus antibodies were more prevalent in the high-risk groups (P < 0.001). Among homosexual men, anti-HEV was not significantly correlated with a history of hepatitis, high-risk sexual practices, or sexually transmitted infections, in contrast to hepatitis A and B antibodies. Among IDUs, anti-HEV was not significantly associated with a history of hepatitis or high-risk drug-usin
10.1128/JCM.35.5.1244-1247.1997
9114415
PMC232737
Antibodies antibody Baltimore behavioral blood Blood Donors Disease drug users epidemiology hepatitis Hepatitis A Hepatitis C Hepatitis C Antibodies Hepatitis E Hepatitis E virus high-risk history homosexual homosexual men Homosexuality,Male Humans Immunoassay infection infections infectious diseases isolation & purification Male Maryland population practices research sera Serum sexual sexual practices Substance Abuse,Intravenous support transmission transmitted virology virus
D. L. Y. Thomas, P.O., Vlahov, D., Tsarev, S.A., Nelson, K.E., Saah, A.J., Purcell, R.H. (1997). Seroreactivity to hepatitis E virus in areas where the disease is not endemic. J Clin Microbiol, 35(5), 1244-1247. PMC232737
Journal Article
Concomitant killing in vitro of both gp120-coated CD4(+) peripheral T lymphocytes and natural killer cells in the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) system
J Immunol
1997
1-Jun
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9164972/
NK cells play an important immunoregulatory role in first line defense mechanisms against infection, As disease progresses, HIV-1 infected patients show loss of NK cytotoxic function, down-modulation and/or loss of expression of both CD16 and CD56 surface Ags on NK cells and a gradual loss of both CD4(+) T cells and NK cell numbers. A potential mechanism by which these manifestations may occur in vivo was investigated, We hypothesized that NK-mediated Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), using gp120-coated CD4(+) peripheral T lymphocytes as targets and anti-HIV serum, will result in the concomitant killing of the CD4(+) T lymphocyte targets and the NK lymphocytes. This hypothesis was examined in an in vitro model system, The findings demonstrate that gp120-coated peripheral T lymphocytes can serve as targets and are killed in ADCC, Further, the NK cells that recover from the ADCC reaction show a loss of cytotoxic function, acquire the CD16(dim/-) CD56(dim/-) phenotype and a signi
9164972
immunodeficiency syndrome aids soluble il-2 receptor hiv-infected patients nk-cells murine cytomegalovirus selective depletion immune-responses blood monocytes effector-cells flow-cytometry
A. C. Jewett, M., Giorgi, J., Bonavida, B. (1997). Concomitant killing in vitro of both gp120-coated CD4(+) peripheral T lymphocytes and natural killer cells in the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) system. J Immunol, 158(11), 5492-5500.
Journal Article
Cultured blood dendritic cells retain HIV-1 antigen-presenting capacity for memory CTL during progressive HIV-1 infection
J Immunol
1997
15-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9366424
Dendritic cells (DC) are potent APC that may be involved in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection. We studied the APC function of DC from HIV-1-infected subjects that were derived from monocyte-depleted PBMC by culture in human IL-4 and human granulocyte-macrophage CSF. The cultured cells from the HIV-1-infected subjects had similar morphology and phenotype of mature DC (CD80 = 41 +/- 8%, CD86 = 77 +/- 5%, CD40 = 87 +/- 6%, CD1a = 1 +/- 1%) to DC cultured from seronegative subjects. The yield of these DC was lower than from HIV-1-seronegative subjects (4 +/- 0% vs 11 +/- 2%, p < 0.01), and the lower DC yields correlated with lower numbers of blood CD4+ T cells (r = 0.60, p < 0.01) and higher plasma viral load (r = -0.49, p < 0.01). DC from HIV-1-infected subjects were infected with recombinant vaccinia virus vectors expressing Gag, Pol, and Env and were able to stimulate equal or higher levels of MHC class I-restricted, anti-HIV-1 memory CTL (CTLm) than were similarly treated, autologous
9366424
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/blood/*immunology Adult *Antigen Presentation Cell Separation/methods Cells, Cultured Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/drug effects Dendritic Cells/*immunology/metabolism Disease Progression HIV Antigens/*blood/immunology HIV Seronegativity HIV Seropositivity/blood HIV-1/*immunology Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/analysis Histocompatibility Testing Humans *Immunologic Memory/drug effects Lymphocyte Activation Male Middle Aged Oligopeptides/immunology/pharmacology T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/drug effects/*immunology
Z. H. Fan, X. L., Zheng, L., Wilson, C., Borowski, L., Liebmann, J., Gupta, P., Margolick, J., Rinaldo, C. (1997). Cultured blood dendritic cells retain HIV-1 antigen-presenting capacity for memory CTL during progressive HIV-1 infection. J Immunol, 159(10), 4973-82.
Journal Article
Predicting clinical progression or death in subjects with early-stage human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection: a comparative analysis of quantification of HIV RNA, soluble tumor necrosis factor type II receptors, neopterin, and beta2-microglobulin. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
J Infect Dis
1997
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9359714
Quantification of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA by branched-chain DNA signal amplification, measurement of soluble tumor necrosis factor type II receptors (sTNFR-II), neopterin, beta2-microglobulin, or CD4 cell counts can be used to predict the risk of clinical progression or death in HIV infection but have not been compared in the same study. Ninety subjects were categorized into progression groups by their rate of CD4 cell decline and matched into triplets by initial CD4 cell count, age, race, and calendar time. By matched logistic regression, only the sTNFR-II and HIV RNA values were predictive of outcome across the progression groups. Categorization of baseline HIV RNA and sTNFR-II resulted in differences in progression to several clinical outcomes. sTNFR-II concentrations were the only immune marker examined that increased the prognostic utility of HIV RNA determination in early-stage subjects. Further studies in later stages of disease or after therapy are indicated.
10.1086/514108
9359714
CD4 Lymphocyte Count HIV/genetics HIV Infections/*immunology/virology Humans Neopterin/*blood RNA, Viral/*blood Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/*blood beta 2-Microglobulin/*analysis
D. S. L. Stein, R. H., Graham, N. M., Tassoni, C. J., Margolick, J. B., Phair, J. P., Rinaldo, C., Detels, R., Saah, A., Bilello, J. (1997). Predicting clinical progression or death in subjects with early-stage human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection: a comparative analysis of quantification of HIV RNA, soluble tumor necrosis factor type II receptors, neopterin, and beta2-microglobulin. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. J Infect Dis, 176(5), 1161-7.
Journal Article
Detection of infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 before seroconversion: correlation with clinical symptoms and outcome
J Infect Dis
1997
Apr-97
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9086159
Early (pre-seroconversion) infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was identified in 50 of 267 participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. These 50 men had a positive EIA result, which detected IgM antibody (n = 35), p24 antigen, or serum HIV RNA (n = 15) at their last 'seronegative' visit. At that visit, the mean CD4 lymphocyte number (890/mm3 vs. 1038/mm3) was significantly lower than in men who subsequently seroconverted but had no evidence of early infection. The decline in CD4 cells was slower and the duration of AIDS- free time longer in the 19 men who were symptomatic in comparison to the 31 asymptomatic men with early infection, but differences were not significant
10.1086/514000
9086159
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome AIDS analysis Antibodies antibody blood CD4 CD4 Lymphocyte Count Chicago clinical cohort Cohort Studies cohort study diagnosis Hiv HIV Antibodies HIV Seropositivity Hiv-1 Human human immunodeficiency virus Igm immunodeficiency immunology infection lymphocyte Male Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Rna Rna,Viral seroconversion study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. United States virus
J. P. M. Phair, J.B., Jacobson, L.P., Phillips, J., Rinaldo, C., Kaslow, R., Chu, C., Giorgi, J.V., Henrard, D. (1997). Detection of infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 before seroconversion: correlation with clinical symptoms and outcome. J Infect Dis, 175(4), 959-962.
Journal Article
Cellular localization of tumor necrosis factor mRNA in neurological tissue from HIV-infected patients by combined reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry
J Neuroimmunol
1997
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9119960
HIV-induced neurological disease is postulated to be caused by indirect mechanisms. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)alpha is increased in the brains in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated dementia and in the spinal cord in vacuolar myelopathy and may play a pathogenetic role in these diseases. Microglia, astrocytes and infiltrating macrophages can be induced to produce TNF alpha and each has been identified as a source of TNF alpha in neurological disease. Reverse transcriptase synthesis of cDNA and polymerase chain reaction amplification of the cDNA was combined with immunocytochemistry to identify the cellular source of TNF alpha in HIV-induced neurological disease. Cells positive for TNF alpha mRNA were more abundant in white matter than gray matter of the brain from demented individuals. TNF alpha mRNA-positive cells in brains and spinal cords were almost exclusively macrophage-lineage cells. Only rare TNF alpha mRNA-positive cells were astrocytes. We conclude that macrophage-
10.1016/s0165-5728(96)00160-9
9119960
Animals Brain/cytology/*metabolism CHO Cells Cricetinae HIV Infections/*metabolism Humans Immunohistochemistry In Situ Hybridization Macrophages/metabolism Mice Mice, SCID Polymerase Chain Reaction RNA, Messenger/*metabolism Spinal Cord/cytology/*metabolism Tissue Distribution Transcription, Genetic Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/*genetics
S. L. T. Wesselingh, K., Glass, J. D., McArthur, J. C., Griffin, J. W., Griffin, D. E. (1997). Cellular localization of tumor necrosis factor mRNA in neurological tissue from HIV-infected patients by combined reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. J Neuroimmunol, 74(2-Jan), 8-Jan.
Journal Article
Low serum vitamin B-12 concentrations are associated with faster human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) disease progression
J Nutr
1997
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9039838
We conducted a nonconcurrent prospective cohort study to examine associations between serum concentrations of vitamin B-6, vitamin B-12 and folate and the risk of progression to first acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) diagnosis and CD4+ cell decline to < 2 x 10(8) cells/L. The study population was drawn from a cohort of homosexual and bisexual men in the Baltimore-Washington, DC, area. Eligible subjects were human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-seropositive at study entry and had serum available in the serum repository from their 1984 baseline study visit. Serum micronutrient levels were assessed in 310 subjects. The follow-up period (April 1984 through December 1993) was approximately 9 y. In Kaplan-Meier analyses, participants with low serum vitamin B-12 concentrations (< 120 pmol/L) had significantly shorter AIDS-free time than those with adequate vitamin B-12 concentrations (median AIDS-free time = 4 vs. 8 y, respectively, P = 0.004). This effect persisted in Cox pro
10.1093/jn/127.2.345
9039838
Adult Age Factors Aged Alcohol Drinking Bisexuality Body Mass Index C-Reactive Protein/analysis CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Disease Progression Folic Acid/administration & dosage/blood HIV Seropositivity/*blood *hiv-1 Homosexuality, Male Humans Longitudinal Studies Male Middle Aged Proportional Hazards Models Prospective Studies Pyridoxine/administration & dosage/blood Risk Factors Serum Albumin/analysis Vitamin B 12/administration & dosage/*blood
A. M. G. Tang, N. M., Chandra, R. K., Saah, A. J. (1997). Low serum vitamin B-12 concentrations are associated with faster human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) disease progression. J Nutr, 127(2), 345-51.
Journal Article
Predicting self-esteem, well-being, and distress in a cohort of gay men: the importance of cultural stigma, personal visibility, community networks, and positive identity
J Pers
1997
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9327589
Homosexual and bisexual men (N = 825) enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study in Chicago completed a 90-minute self-administered questionnaire that included the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, a Well-Being Index, and the Hopkins Symptom Checklist. Participants indicated their experiences with gay stigma, their visibility as gay men, their involvement in the gay community, and their commitment to a positive gay identity. Data from this predominantly white, young, educated, and middle-class cohort are consistent with a structural model in which cultural stigma is negatively associated with positive self-perceptions. This within-group result contrasts sharply with between-group results that indicate our gay cohort was neither particularly low in global self-esteem nor high in psychological distress when compared to nonstigmatized samples.
10.1111/j.1467-6494.1997.tb00328.x
9327589
*Adaptation, Psychological Adult Chicago Factor Analysis, Statistical Homosexuality, Male/*psychology Humans Male Models, Psychological Peer Group *Prejudice *Self Concept Social Identification *Social Support Stress, Psychological/etiology
D. E. W. Frable, C., Joseph, J. (1997). Predicting self-esteem, well-being, and distress in a cohort of gay men: the importance of cultural stigma, personal visibility, community networks, and positive identity. J Pers, 65(3), 599-624.
Journal Article
Social identity and physical health: accelerated HIV progression in rejection-sensitive gay men
J Pers Soc Psychol
1997
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9107003
Research linking sensitivity to others and their evaluation of the self to alterations in physiologic function led the authors to examine whether HIV infection might progress more rapidly in gay men who are particularly sensitive to social rejection. Analyses of data from a 9-year prospective study of 72 initially healthy HIV-positive gay men indicated that rejection-sensitive individuals experienced a significant acceleration in times to a critically low CD4 T lymphocyte level, times to AIDS diagnosis, and times to HIV-related mortality (despite control for a variety of potential biobehavioral confounders). Accelerated HIV progression was not observed in rejection-sensitive gay men who concealed their homosexual identity, suggesting that concealment may protect such individuals from negative health effects. Data distinguishing rejection sensitivity from other health-relevant psychosocial characteristics are presented, and possible links to HIV pathophysiology are described.
10.1037//0022-3514.72.2.320
9107003
Adult CD4 Lymphocyte Count HIV Infections/diagnosis/psychology HIV Seropositivity/diagnosis/*psychology Health Status Homosexuality, Male/*psychology Humans Male *Rejection, Psychology Self Concept *Sick Role *Social Identification
S. W. K. Cole, M. E., Taylor, S. E. (1997). Social identity and physical health: accelerated HIV progression in rejection-sensitive gay men. J Pers Soc Psychol, 72(2), 320-35.
Journal Article
Slower evolution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 quasispecies during progression to AIDS
J Virol
1997
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9311829
The evolution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) quasispecies at the envelope gene was studied from the time of infection in 11 men who experienced different rates of CD4+ cell count decline and 6 men with unknown dates of infection by using DNA heteroduplex mobility assays. Quasispecies were genetically homogeneous near the time of seroconversion. Subsequently, slower proviral genetic diversification and higher plasma viremia correlated with rapid CD4+ cell count decline. Except for the fastest progressors to AIDS, highly diverse quasispecies developed in all subjects within 3 to 4 years. High quasispecies diversity was then maintained for years until again becoming more homogeneous in a subset of late-stage AIDS patients. Individuals who maintained high CD4+ cell counts showed continuous genetic turnover of their complex proviral quasispecies, while more closely related sets of variants were found in longitudinal samples of severely immunocompromised patients. The limited
10.1128/JVI.71.10.7498-7508.1997
9311829
PMC192096
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology/*virology CD4 Lymphocyte Count DNA, Viral/analysis Disease Progression Evolution, Molecular *Genes, env Giant Cells HIV Seropositivity/immunology/*virology HIV-1/classification/*genetics/isolation & purification Humans Lymphocytes/immunology/virology Male Nucleic Acid Heteroduplexes/analysis Phenotype *Phylogeny Polymerase Chain Reaction Time Factors Viremia/immunology
E. L. P. Delwart, H., Sheppard, H. W., Wolpert, D., Neumann, A. U., Korber, B., Mullins, J. I. (1997). Slower evolution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 quasispecies during progression to AIDS. J Virol, 71(10), 7498-508. PMC192096
Journal Article
The prevalence of serum antibody to human herpesvirus 8 (Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus) among HIV-seropositive and high-risk HIV-seronegative women
JAMA
1997
12-Feb
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9020272/
Objective.-To determine the prevalence of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) seropositivity among women who are known to be infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) or who are at high risk for HIV infection. Design.-A cross-sectional and blinded study of the prevalence of serological reactivity to HHV-8 infection as determined by an indirect immunofluorescence assay using nuclei from cells latently infected with HHV-8. Data and specimens were collected at baseline assessments of a longitudinal natural history cohort study. Setting.-Four San Francisco Bay Area outpatient HIV specialty clinics participating in the cohort study. Patients.-A total of 387 participants in the Women's Interagency HIV Study whose HIV infection status was documented and serum was available in a local specimen repository. Main Outcome Measure.-Serological reactivity to HHV-8. Results.-Serological reactivity to latent HHV-8 antigens was uncommon among study participants: 13 (3.4%) demonstrated serum ant
10.1001/jama.277.6.478
9020272
infected women homosexual men DNA-sequences forms aids transmission
D. H. Kedes (1997). The prevalence of serum antibody to human herpesvirus 8 (Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus) among HIV-seropositive and high-risk HIV-seronegative women. JAMA, 277(6), 478-481.
Journal Article
High viral load in semen of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected men at all stages of disease and its reduction by therapy with protease and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Journal Virol
1997
Aug
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9223532/
Seminal viral load is likely to be directly related to the sexual transmissibility of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). However, it is not clear whether the level of HIV-1 in semen varies with the stage of infection and whether antiretroviral therapy reduces seminal viral load. A nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) technique was used to quantify HIV-1 RNA as an indicator of infectious viral load in semen and blood plasma of homosexual men with different stages and durations of HIV-1 infection. The median viral load in a cross section of 34 men was 11,000 HIV-1 RNA copies/ml (range, < 400 to 1.3 x 10(7) copies/ml) in whole semen and 5,238 HIV-1 RNA copies/ml (range, < 400 to 2.8 x 10(5) copies/ml) in seminal plasma, which is 10- to 1,000-fold higher than previous estimates. Viral loads in whole semen and seminal plasma were strongly correlated with blood plasma viral load (P < 0.001) but not with blood CD4+ T-cell count (P = 0.420). Longitudinal analysis of eigh
10.1128/JVI.71.8.6271-6275.1997
9223532
PMC191898
polymerase chain-reaction multicenter aids cohort hiv-1 infection natural-history rna plasma quantitation transmission progression blood
P. M. Gupta, J., Kingsley, L., Riddler, S., Singh, M. K., Schreiber, S., Cronin, M., Rinaldo, C. R. (1997). High viral load in semen of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected men at all stages of disease and its reduction by therapy with protease and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Journal Virol, 71(8), 6271-6275. PMC191898
Journal Article
CCR5-D32 gene deletion in HIV-1 infected patients
Lancet
1997
9/6/1997
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9291930
10.1016/S0140-6736(05)63551-9
9291930
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Cohort Studies cytokine Disease Progression Gene Deletion genetics Genotype Hiv Hiv-1 Human letter mortality Receptors,CCR5 Receptors,Cytokine Receptors,HIV Survival Analysis
M. W. D. Smith, M., Carrington, M., Huttley, G.A., O'Brien, S.J. (1997). CCR5-D32 gene deletion in HIV-1 infected patients. Lancet, 350(9079), 741.
Journal Article
Inherited resistance to HIV-1 conferred by an inactivating mutation in CC chemokine receptor 5: studies in populations with contrasting clinical phenotypes, defined racial background, and quantified risk
Mol Med
1997
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9132277
BACKGROUND: CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) is a cell entry cofactor for macrophage-tropic isolates of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1). Recently, an inactive CCR5 allele (designated here as CCR5-2) was identified that confers resistance to HIV-1 infection in homozygotes and slows the rate of progression to AIDS in heterozygotes. The reports conflict on the effect of heterozygous CCR5-2 on HIV-1 susceptibility, and race and risk levels have not yet been fully analyzed. Here we report our independent identification of CCR5-2 and test its effects on HIV-1 pathogenesis in individuals with contrasting clinical outcomes, defined race, and quantified risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mutant CCR5 alleles were sought by directed heteroduplex analysis of genomic DNA from random blood donors. Genotypic frequencies were then determined in (1) random blood donors from North America, Asia, and Africa; (2) HIV-1+ individuals; and (3) highly exposed-seronegative homosexuals with quantified risk. RESU
9132277
PMC2230106
Adult African Continental Ancestry Group/genetics Cloning, Molecular Continental Population Groups/genetics Disease Progression Disease Susceptibility Frameshift Mutation/genetics *Gene Frequency *HIV Infections HIV Seronegativity/*genetics *hiv-1 HeLa Cells Heterozygote Homosexuality, Male Homozygote Humans Male Membrane Fusion Middle Aged Molecular Sequence Data Phenotype Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length Receptors, CCR5 Receptors, Cytokine/*genetics/physiology Receptors, HIV/*genetics/physiology Risk Factors
P. A. B.-W. Zimmerman, A., Alkhatib, G., Spalding, T., Kubofcik, J., Combadiere, C., Weissman, D., Cohen, O., Rubbert, A., Lam, G., Vaccarezza, M., Kennedy, P. E., Kumaraswami, V., Giorgi, J. V., Detels, R., Hunter, J., Chopek, M., Berger, E. A., Fauci, A. S., Nutman, T. B., Murphy, P. M. (1997). Inherited resistance to HIV-1 conferred by an inactivating mutation in CC chemokine receptor 5: studies in populations with contrasting clinical phenotypes, defined racial background, and quantified risk. Mol Med, 3(1), 23-36. PMC2230106
Journal Article
CCR2 chemokine receptor and AIDS progression
Nat Med
1997
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9334699
10.1038/nm1097-1052c
9334699
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/genetics/*immunology/mortality Humans *Polymorphism, Genetic Receptors, CCR2 Receptors, CCR5/genetics Receptors, Chemokine/*genetics/physiology
M. W. C. Smith, M., Winkler, C., Lomb, D., Dean, M., Huttley, G., O'Brien, S. J. (1997). CCR2 chemokine receptor and AIDS progression. Nat Med, 3(10), 1052-3.
Journal Article
Comparison of neuropsychological performance between AIDS-free injecting drug users and homosexual men
Neuroepidemiology
1997
Mar-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9057169
We performed a cross-sectional comparison of the baseline neuropsychologic performance of 107 injecting drug users and 230 homosexual men participating in two longitudinal studies. Cognitive tests measured attention, memory and psychomotor speed. Using multiple regression modelling, the analysis adjusted for age, IQ score, race, six-month history of alcohol, cocaine, opiates and marijuana use, HIV serostatus and CD4+ lymphocyte count. Injecting drug users showed significantly poorer scores in all neuropsychologic tests in the univariate analysis. However, once adjusted for age, IQ score and race, only Rey Complex Figure tests were significantly worse among injecting drug users. These data indicate that age and IQ score rather than risk group account primarily for the differences in the cognitive performance, regardless of serostatus and CD4+ count.
10.1159/000109674
9057169
Adult CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cross-Sectional Studies Education HIV Seronegativity HIV Seropositivity/psychology Homosexuality, Male/*psychology Humans Intelligence Tests Male Multivariate Analysis Neuropsychological Tests/*standards Substance Abuse, Intravenous/*psychology
M. S. Concha, O. A., Vlahov, D., Nance-Sproson, T., Updike, M., Royal, W., Palenicek, J., McArthur, J. C. (1997). Comparison of neuropsychological performance between AIDS-free injecting drug users and homosexual men. Neuroepidemiology, 16(2), 78-85.
Journal Article
Intraepidermal nerve fiber density in patients with painful sensory neuropathy
Neurology
1997
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9065552
Despite prominent symptoms of neuropathic pain, patients with small-fiber sensory neuropathies have few objective abnormalities on clinical examination and routine electrodiagnostic studies. We quantified intraepidermal nerve fiber (IENF) density in sections of skin obtained by punch skin biopsy, and found it to be significantly reduced in patients with painful sensory neuropathies compared with age-matched control subjects. In addition, IENF density correlated with clinical estimates of neuropathy severity, as judged by the extent of clinically identifiable sensory abnormalities. IENF density at the calf was lower than that obtained from skin at more proximal sites, indicating the length dependency of small-fiber loss in these neuropathies.
10.1212/wnl.48.3.708
9065552
Adult Aged Analysis of Variance Biopsy Humans Middle Aged Myelin Sheath/pathology Nerve Fibers/*pathology Neural Conduction/physiology Observer Variation Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/*pathology/physiopathology Skin/*innervation Statistics, Nonparametric
N. R. S. Holland, A., Hauer, P., Cornblath, D. R., Griffin, J. W., McArthur, J. C. (1997). Intraepidermal nerve fiber density in patients with painful sensory neuropathy. Neurology, 48(3), 708-11.
Journal Article
Immune compromise and prevalence of Candida vulvovaginitis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected women
Obstet Gynecol
1997
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9241304
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on vaginal yeast colonization and symptomatic vulvovaginitis and to explore the effects of immune compromise on these conditions in HIV-positive women. METHODS: Between September 1991 and May 1993, 223 HIV-positive women without AIDS-defining conditions were enrolled for prospective follow-up and compared with 289 HIV-negative women enrolled in a concurrent study. Standardized gynecologic assessment was carried out. RESULTS: Cultures from 81 of 223 (36%) HIV-positive women and 72 of 289 (25%) HIV-negative women were positive for any yeast. The most commonly isolated yeasts were Candida albicans and Torulopsis glabrata; the proportion of non-C albicans isolates (26%) did not differ by serostatus. The rates of C albicans colonization and vulvovaginitis among immunocompetent (CD4 count at least 500 cells/mm3) HIV-positive women did not differ from those among HIV-negative women. Among HIV-positive women,
10.1016/S0029-7844(97)00253-6
9241304
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/*epidemiology/immunology/microbiology Adult CD4 Lymphocyte Count Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal/*epidemiology/immunology Case-Control Studies Female Follow-Up Studies HIV Infections/*complications/epidemiology/immunology HIV Seronegativity HIV Seropositivity Humans Immunocompromised Host/*immunology Prevalence Prospective Studies
A. S. Duerr, M. F., Feldman, J., Clarke, L. M., Ehrlich, I., DeHovitz, J. (1997). Immune compromise and prevalence of Candida vulvovaginitis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected women. Obstet Gynecol, 90(2), 252-6.
Journal Article
The association of smoking and risk of condyloma acuminatum in women
Obstet Gynecol
1997
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9052582
OBJECTIVE: To determine the relation between cigarette smoking and the incidence of genital warts in a cohort of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women (without AIDS-defining conditions) (n = 148) and in HIV-negative women (n = 428). METHODS: Women were recruited between March 1990 and December 1993 from an urban, inner-city medical center and nearby community health centers. Woman initially free of genital warts (n = 576) were followed prospectively for up to 37 months, with an average of 14 months. RESULTS: The observed incidence of genital warts per 100 person-years was almost three times higher in smokers than in non-smokers, both in HIV-positive (13.3 versus 5.0, respectively) and HIV-negative women (1.5 versus 0.5, respectively). In a Poisson regression model adjusting for variables significantly related to genital warts, including sexual activity, current smokers were 5.2 times (95% confidence interval 1.02, 26.0) more likely to develop genital warts. The prevalence o
10.1016/S0029-7844(97)00011-2
9052582
Condylomata Acuminata/*epidemiology/etiology Confidence Intervals Female Follow-Up Studies Genital Neoplasms, Female/*epidemiology/etiology HIV Seropositivity/*complications Humans Incidence Prospective Studies Regression Analysis Risk Factors Smoking/*adverse effects
J. G. C. Feldman, K., Dehovitz, J. A., Minkoff, H. (1997). The association of smoking and risk of condyloma acuminatum in women. Obstet Gynecol, 89(3), 346-50.
Journal Article
Frequency of HLA allele-specific peptide motifs in HIV-1 proteins correlates with the allele's association with relative rates of disease progression after HIV-1 infection
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
1997
2-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9275206
An HLA allele-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte response is thought to influence the rate of disease progression in HIV-1-infected individuals. In a prior study of 139 HIV-1-infected homosexual men, we identified HLA class I alleles and observed an association of specific alleles with different relative hazards for progression to AIDS. Seeking an explanation for this association, we searched HIV-1 protein sequences to determine the number of peptides matching motifs defined by combinations of specific amino acids reported to bind 16 class I alleles. Analyzing complete sequences of 12 clade B HIV isolates, we determined the number of allele motifs that were conserved (occurring in all 12 isolates) and nonconserved (occurring in only one isolate), as well as the average number of allele motifs per isolate. We found significant correlations with an allele's association with disease progression for counts of conserved motifs in gag (R = 0.73; P = 0.002), pol (R = 0.58, P = 0.024), gp120 (R =
10.1073/pnas.94.18.9802
9275206
PMC23272
Alleles Antigens, Viral/genetics/immunology Epitope Mapping HIV Infections/genetics/*immunology/virology HIV-1/genetics/*immunology HLA Antigens/genetics/*immunology Humans Viral Proteins/genetics/*immunology
G. W. K. Nelson, R., Mann, D. L. (1997). Frequency of HLA allele-specific peptide motifs in HIV-1 proteins correlates with the allele's association with relative rates of disease progression after HIV-1 infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 94(18), 9802-7. PMC23272
Journal Article
In search of AIDS-resistance genes
Sci Am
1997
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9274039
10.1038/scientificamerican0997-44
9274039
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*genetics/prevention & control/therapy Adult Alleles Animals CD4 Antigens/genetics Chemokines Chromosome Mapping DNA/analysis Gene Deletion Gene Frequency Genetic Therapy Genetic Variation Genotype Humans Immunity, Innate/*genetics Immunotherapy Middle Aged Mutation Receptors, CCR5 Receptors, Cytokine/*genetics Receptors, HIV/*genetics
S. J. D. O'Brien, M. (1997). In search of AIDS-resistance genes. Sci Am, 277(3), 44-51.
Journal Article
Curtailing the AIDS pandemic
Science
1997
27-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9221490
10.1126/science.276.5321.1953b
9221490
*AIDS Vaccines Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology/*prevention & control/transmission/virology Animals Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic Disease Outbreaks HIV Infections/immunology/*prevention & control/transmission/virology *HIV-1/immunology/physiology Humans Immunization Programs Viral Load
J. I. Mullins (1997). Curtailing the AIDS pandemic. Science, 276(5321), 1955-7.
Journal Article
Contrasting genetic influence of CCR2 and CCR5 variants on HIV-1 infection and disease progression. Hemophilia Growth and Development Study (HGDS), Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), Multicenter Hemophilia Cohort Study (MHCS), San Francisco City Cohort (SFCC), ALIVE Study
Science
1997
15-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9252328
The critical role of chemokine receptors (CCR5 and CXCR4) in human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) infection and pathogenesis prompted a search for polymorphisms in other chemokine receptor genes that mediate HIV-1 disease progression. A mutation (CCR2-64I) within the first transmembrane region of the CCR2 chemokine and HIV-1 receptor gene is described that occurred at an allele frequency of 10 to 15 percent among Caucasians and African Americans. Genetic association analysis of five acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cohorts (3003 patients) revealed that although CCR2-64I exerts no influence on the incidence of HIV-1 infection, HIV-1-infected individuals carrying the CCR2-64I allele progressed to AIDS 2 to 4 years later than individuals homozygous for the common allele. Because CCR2-64I occurs invariably on a CCR5-+-bearing chromosomal haplotype, the independent effects of CCR5-Delta32 (which also delays AIDS onset) and CCR2-64I were determined. An estimated 38 to 45 perc
10.1126/science.277.5328.959
9252328
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*genetics/immunology/mortality/virology African Continental Ancestry Group Cohort Studies Disease Progression European Continental Ancestry Group Genotype HIV Infections/*genetics/immunology/mortality/virology *hiv-1 Haplotypes Heterozygote Humans *Mutation Polymerase Chain Reaction Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational Proportional Hazards Models Receptors, CCR2 Receptors, CCR5 *Receptors, Chemokine Receptors, Cytokine/*genetics Receptors, HIV/*genetics Survival Analysis
M. W. D. Smith, M., Carrington, M., Winkler, C., Huttley, G. A., Lomb, D. A., Goedert, J. J., O'Brien, T. R., Jacobson, L. P., Kaslow, R., Buchbinder, S., Vittinghoff, E., Vlahov, D., Hoots, K., Hilgartner, M. W., O'Brien, S. J. (1997). Contrasting genetic influence of CCR2 and CCR5 variants on HIV-1 infection and disease progression. Hemophilia Growth and Development Study (HGDS), Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), Multicenter Hemophilia Cohort Study (MHCS), San Francisco City Cohort (SFCC), ALIVE Study. Science, 277(5328), 959-65.
Journal Article
T-cell homeostasis in HIV-1 infection
Semin Immunol
1997
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9405267
Failure of T-cell homeostasis is an important feature of HIV-1 infection. Substantial evidence indicates that T-cell homeostasis is independent of CD4+ and CD8+ subsets, and this may contribute to the decline of CD4+ T cells to low levels in this disease. Moreover, failure of T-cell homeostasis appears to precede the development of clinically-defined AIDS by approximately 1.5 to 2 years and is thus an important milestone in HIV-1 disease progression. We argue that T-cell turnover and depletion of memory cells in HIV-1 infection can be viewed as the reverse of the process by which immune reconstitution occurs after stem cell transplantation, and that changes in the functional level of T-cell memory may be critical to both processes. An understanding of the relationship between T-cell memory and regeneration of lost T cells may help preserve and/or reconstitute immune system homeostasis in HIV-1-infected individuals.
10.1006/smim.1997.0096
9405267
Disease Progression HIV Seropositivity/*immunology HIV-1/*immunology Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Homeostasis Humans T-Lymphocyte Subsets/*immunology
J. B. D. Margolick, A. D. (1997). T-cell homeostasis in HIV-1 infection. Semin Immunol, 9(6), 381-8.
Journal Article
HIV-1 gp120, an immunoglobulin superantigen
Viral Superantigens
1997
gp120 Hiv-1 immunoglobulin Superantigens
Book Section
AIDS/HIV Reference Guide for Medical Professionals
1996
1996
AIDS disease care Hiv reference guide
Book
Clinical management of HIV infection in women
A Clinical Guide to AIDS
1996
Book Section
The role of host genetics in the natural history of HIV-1 infection: the needles in the haystack
AIDS
1996
1996
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8883611
10.1097/00002030-199601001-00009
8883611
HIV Infections/*genetics/immunology *hiv-1 Humans Major Histocompatibility Complex
I. P. K. Keet, M. R., Just, J. J., Kaslow, R. A. (1996). The role of host genetics in the natural history of HIV-1 infection: the needles in the haystack. AIDS, 10 Suppl A(), S59-67.
Journal Article
Gender, ethnicity and transmission category variation in HIV disease progression
AIDS
1996
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8883612
10.1097/00002030-199601001-00010
8883612
Age Factors *Continental Population Groups Disease Progression Ethnic Groups HIV Infections/epidemiology/*physiopathology/transmission Humans *Sex Characteristics
N. A. P. Hessol, H. (1996). Gender, ethnicity and transmission category variation in HIV disease progression. AIDS, 10 Suppl A(), S69-74.
Journal Article
Racial differences in rate of CD4 decline in HIV-1-infected homosexual men
AIDS
1996
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8874633
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether racial differences exist in the rate of CD4 lymphocyte decline in HIV-1-infected homosexual men. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. STUDY POPULATION: Non-Hispanic white (n = 321) and black (n = 102) HIV-1-seropositive homosexual and bisexual men were recruited from the Baltimore/Washington, DC metropolitan areas between 1984-1985 and 1987-1990, and evaluated semiannually. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Changes in CD4 lymphocyte count and CD4 percentage over time were analysed using linear regression methods for the 271 white and 69 black participants who had at least four semiannual CD4 lymphocyte measurements. RESULTS: Rate of decline in CD4 lymphocyte count over 6 months was much slower among black than white seroprevalent men at all levels of baseline CD4 count (baseline 201-400 x 10(6)/l: + 0.24 versus -17.7 x 10(6)/l; 401-600 x 10(6)/l: -11.3 versus -23.9 x 10(6)/l; 601-800 x 10(6)/l: -15.1 versus -35.2 x 10(6)/l; > 800 x 10(6)/l: -4.3 versus -42.7 x 10(6)/l for
8874633
Adult *African Continental Ancestry Group Baltimore CD4 Lymphocyte Count District of Columbia *European Continental Ancestry Group Follow-Up Studies HIV Antigens/blood HIV Core Protein p24/blood HIV Infections/blood/*immunology HIV Seropositivity/immunology *hiv-1 *Homosexuality, Male Humans Male Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis Prospective Studies Sexual Behavior Substance Abuse, Intravenous Time Factors
P. J. F. Easterbrook, H., Hoover, D. R., Palenicek, J., Chmiel, J. S., Kaslow, R. A., Saah, A. J. (1996). Racial differences in rate of CD4 decline in HIV-1-infected homosexual men. AIDS, 10(10), 1147-55.
Journal Article
Detection of Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus DNA in semen of homosexual men with Kaposi's sarcoma
AIDS
1996
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8931799
10.1097/00002030-199611000-00022
8931799
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/*virology *Bisexuality Cohort Studies DNA, Viral/*analysis Herpesvirus 8, Human/genetics/*isolation & purification *Homosexuality, Male Humans Longitudinal Studies Male Multicenter Studies as Topic Polymerase Chain Reaction Sarcoma, Kaposi/virology Semen/*virology
P. S. Gupta, M. K., Rinaldo, C., Ding, M., Farzadegan, H., Saah, A., Hoover, D., Moore, P., Kingsley, L. (1996). Detection of Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus DNA in semen of homosexual men with Kaposi's sarcoma. AIDS, 10(13), 1596-8.
Journal Article
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection prior to onset of Kaposi's sarcoma
AIDS
1996
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8838705
OBJECTIVES: Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), a newly discovered human gammaherpesvirus, is found in the majority of KS lesions from patients with and without AIDS. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were examined for KSHV DNA to determine whether viral infection precedes onset of this neoplasm. DESIGN: Randomized and blinded case-control study of prospectively collected PBMC samples from ongoing cohort studies. METHODS: Paired PBMC drawn before and after KS onset from 21 AIDS-KS patients were compared to paired PBMC from 23 high-risk HIV-infected homo-/bisexual patients who did not develop KS and to a single PBMC sample from 19 low-risk, HIV-infected hemophiliac patients. Extracted DNA samples were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using two non-overlapping nested primer sets to control for potential PCR contamination. RESULTS: In all comparisons, patients who went on to develop KS were significantly more likely to show evidence of KSHV infection prior
10.1097/00002030-199602000-00007
8838705
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/*virology Base Sequence Case-Control Studies DNA, Viral/blood Gammaherpesvirinae/*isolation & purification Herpesviridae Infections/complications/*virology Humans Leukocytes, Mononuclear/virology Longitudinal Studies Male Molecular Sequence Data Prospective Studies Sarcoma, Kaposi/complications/*virology
P. S. K. Moore, L. A., Holmberg, S. D., Spira, T., Gupta, P., Hoover, D. R., Parry, J. P., Conley, L. J., Jaffe, H. W., Chang, Y. (1996). Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection prior to onset of Kaposi's sarcoma. AIDS, 10(2), 175-80.
Journal Article
Shortened telomeres in the expanded CD28-CD8+ cell subset in HIV disease implicate replicative senescence in HIV pathogenesis
AIDS
1996
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8828735
OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that the expanded population of non-proliferative CD28-CD8+ T cells in HIV disease have shortened telomeres, thereby providing evidence that increased rounds of CD8+ cell division occur during HIV disease, possibly leading to replicative senescence and exhaustion of CD8+ T-cell responses. DESIGN: CD8+ cells play a central role in control of HIV infection. In late HIV disease, an expanded population of CD28-CD8+ cells with reduced proliferative potential has been documented. A similar population of CD28-CD8+ cells has been identified in ageing humans, where telomere length measurements have suggested that these cells have reached the irreversible state of replicative senescence. METHODS: CD8+ cells from HIV-infected and control subjects were sorted by flow cytometry into CD28+ and CD28- fractions. Telomere lengths were determined as mean terminal restriction fragment (TRF) lengths by Southern hybridization. RESULTS: The TRF lengths of sorted CD28-CD8+ c
10.1097/00002030-199607000-00001
8828735
CD28 Antigens/*analysis CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/chemistry/cytology/*immunology Cell Division Cellular Senescence DNA/analysis HIV Infections/*immunology Humans Molecular Weight T-Lymphocyte Subsets/*immunology Telomere/chemistry/*genetics
R. B. A. Effros, R., Chiu, C. P., Hausner, M. A., Hirji, K., Wang, L., Harley, C. B., Villeponteau, B., West, M. D., Giorgi, J. V. (1996). Shortened telomeres in the expanded CD28-CD8+ cell subset in HIV disease implicate replicative senescence in HIV pathogenesis. AIDS, 10(8), F17-22.
Journal Article
Resistance to HIV infection may be genetically mediated
AIDS
1996
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8924238
10.1097/00002030-199601000-00016
8924238
ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 3 ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/genetics *Amino Acid Transport Systems CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology Cohort Studies *Exoribonucleases Fungal Proteins/genetics Genes, MHC Class I Genes, MHC Class II HIV Infections/*genetics/*immunology HIV-1/isolation & purification Humans *Immunity, Innate Male Receptors, Interleukin-2/biosynthesis Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins Trans-Activators/genetics
R. M. Detels, D., Carrington, M., Hennessey, K., Wu, Z., Hirji, K. F., Wiley, D., Visscher, B. R., Giorgi, J. V. (1996). Resistance to HIV infection may be genetically mediated. AIDS, 10(1), 102-4.
Journal Article
CD8+ T-cell-mediated suppression of HIV-1 infection may not be due to chemokines RANTES, MIP-1α and MIP-1β
Aids
1996
https://journals.lww.com/aidsonline/citation/1996/10000/cd8__t_cell_mediated_suppression_of_hiv_1.20.aspx
10.1097/00002030-199705000-00004
Y. G. Chen, P (1996). CD8+ T-cell-mediated suppression of HIV-1 infection may not be due to chemokines RANTES, MIP-1α and MIP-1β. Aids, 10(12), 1434-1435.
Journal Article
Effects of micronutrient intake on survival in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection
Am J Epidemiol
1996
15-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8651223
The authors examined the relation between dietary and supplemental micronutrient intake and subsequent mortality among 281 human immunodeficiency type 1 (HIV-1)-infected participants at the Baltimore, Maryland/Washington, DC, site of the Multicenter Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Cohort Study. Subjects completed a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire at their baseline visit in 1984. Levels of daily micronutrient intake were examined in relation to subsequent mortality over the 8-year follow-up period by using multivariate Cox models, adjusting for age, symptoms, CD4+ count, energy intake, and treatment. The highest quartile of intake for each B-group vitamin was independently associated with improved survival: B1 (relative hazard (RH) = 0.60, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.38-0.95), B2 (RH = 0.59, 95% CI 0.38-0.93), B6 (RH = 0.45, 95% CI 0.28-0.73), and niacin (RH = 0.57, 95% CI 0.36-0.91). In a final model, the third quartile of beta-carotene intake (RH = 0.60, 95% CI 0.3
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008712
8651223
Adult Cohort Studies *Diet HIV Infections/*mortality *hiv-1 Humans Male *Micronutrients Niacin/administration & dosage Proportional Hazards Models Surveys and Questionnaires Survival Analysis Vitamin A/administration & dosage Vitamin B Complex/administration & dosage Zinc/administration & dosage
A. M. G. Tang, N. M., Saah, A. J. (1996). Effects of micronutrient intake on survival in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. Am J Epidemiol, 143(12), 1244-56.
Journal Article
Extension of the life table to repeating and changing events
Am J Epidemiol
1996
15-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8651225
Estimation of cumulative and adjusted occurrence of life events and measures over time is often important in settings where study subjects have incomplete or different follow-up periods. Well-known methods to do this, such as the life table and age adjustment, exist for binary nonrecurrent events (i.e., death). However, a general approach to evaluate recurrent life events (e.g., repeated infections), life events with different durations (e.g., hospitalization days), costs, or changing life measures (e.g., body weight) is not available. This paper develops the "Life-Event Table," an analog of the life table that can analyze occurrence of diverse types of events and measures when the observation periods of subjects are incomplete and different. This method, based on a central limit theorem for incomplete multivariate data, obtains point estimates and variances for cumulative incidence, age-adjusted expectation, and other quantities. Simple hypotheses tests and comparisons are possible wi
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008714
8651225
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications Adult Herpes Simplex Humans *Life Change Events *Life Tables Male Middle Aged Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection Recurrence Sarcoma, Kaposi
D. R. Hoover (1996). Extension of the life table to repeating and changing events. Am J Epidemiol, 143(12), 1266-76.
Journal Article
Projecting disease when death is likely
Am J Epidemiol
1996
1-May
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8610708/
Projecting disease incidence, prevalence, and net morbidity is often needed when individuals are likely to die, either disease free or after the disease has developed. Examples of this include remission of cancer or heart disease in elderly people who can die from these or other causes and occurrence of a particular acquired immune deficiency syndrome illness in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) disease. Death is not an ancillary event but, rather, indicates either an end to disease morbidity or an end to risk to ever develop that disease. Thus, time to disease survival analyses that censor disease-free individuals at death can produce misleading results. This paper describes several useful quantifications of disease and death for this setting. A paradigm that utilizes Kaplan-Meier functions to estimate these quantities is introduced. The approach anchors on a four-stage disease/death model: stage A, living without disease; stage B, dead without ever developing disease; stage
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008838
8610708
competing risks death disease incidence kaplan-meier estimates morbidity prevalence human-immunodeficiency-virus cytomegalovirus retinitis competing risks aids cancer trial
D. R. P. Hoover, Y., Saah, A. J., Detels, R. R., Rinaldo, C. R., Phair, J. P. (1996). Projecting disease when death is likely. Am J Epidemiol, 143(9), 943-952.
Journal Article
Risk factors for non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Am J Epidemiol
1996
15-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8633621
The possibility that an agent in addition to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may contribute to the etiology of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was studied using participants from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) of homosexual and bisexual men enrolled in 1984-1985 and also in 1987-1991. A nested case-control analysis was conducted. The primary source of information on potential exposures and characteristics of the participants was the baseline study entry interview that was conducted prior to the development of AIDS. A total of 84 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were identified and compared with 527 participants who developed AIDS but had no evidence of cancer. The groups were similar for most sociodemographic characteristics as well as sexual activity and past history of antecedent illnesses. Although the non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cases reported less frequent use of recreational drugs and cigarettes compared with other perso
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008751
8633621
Adult Bisexuality Case-Control Studies Environmental Exposure Homosexuality, Male Humans Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/epidemiology/*etiology Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/epidemiology/*etiology Male Population Surveillance Prospective Studies Risk Factors United States/epidemiology Urban Health
H. K. H. Armenian, D. R., Rubb, S., Metz, S., Martinez-Maza, O., Chmiel, J., Kingsley, L., Saah, A. (1996). Risk factors for non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Am J Epidemiol, 143(4), 374-9.
Journal Article
Longitudinal relation between smoking and white blood cells
Am J Epidemiol
1996
10/15/1996
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8857822
Higher white blood cell counts in smokers compared with nonsmokers have been well documented, but the longitudinal relation between changes in smoking and changes in white blood cells has not been well described. Since 1984, data have been collected semiannually by the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), a four-center prospective cohort study of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in homosexual men. The study population includes 2,435 participants who were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seronegative as of September 1994 and who contributed 20,918 person-visits for this analysis. For individuals who modified their smoking behavior, changes in white blood cell counts occurred primarily during the first 6 months following changes in the amount of cigarettes smoked. Among former smokers who resumed smoking, the extent of the increase in white blood cell count depended on the number of cigarettes smoked. Specifically, increases of 241, 340, and 740 cells/microliter were observed
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008997
8857822
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Adult AIDS analysis Analysis of Variance Baltimore blood Blood Cell Count Blood Cells Cell Count cohort Cohort Studies cohort study epidemiology Hiv HIV Seronegativity homosexual homosexual men Homosexuality,Male Human human immunodeficiency virus immunodeficiency immunology Leukocyte Count longitudinal Longitudinal Studies MACS Male Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Multicenter Studies population Prospective Studies Smoking study Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. United States virus
J. M. Sunyer, A., Peng, Y., Margolick, J., Chmiel, J.S., Oishi, J., Kingsley, L., Samet, J.M. (1996). Longitudinal relation between smoking and white blood cells. Am J Epidemiol, 144(8), 734-741.
Journal Article
Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome among north American women
Am J Med
1996
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8873494/
10.1016/s0002-9343(96)00063-0
8873494
S. F. Cu-Uvin, Timothy P., Rich, Josiah D., Mileno, Maria D., Mayer, Kenneth H., Carpenter, Charles C. J. (1996). Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome among north American women. Am J Med, 101(3), 316-322.
Journal Article
Neuronal pattern correlates with the severity of human immunodeficiency virus-associated dementia complex. Usefulness of spatial pattern analysis in clinicopathological studies
Am J Pathol
1996
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8546220
The spatial distributional pattern of neurons, in the superior frontal gyrus of 32 subjects who died of acquired immune deficiency syndrome, was examined. The patients were classified as nondemented, mildly demented, and severely demented, and some were treated with the anti-retroviral drug zidovudine. Spatial statistical techniques were employed to investigate the degree of clustering in the individual cases and various groups. We found that the cluster pattern of large and small neurons differed significantly with increasing severity of dementia but was not influenced by the duration of zidovudine treatment. We conclude that this is a sensitive technique for clinicopathological correlations and that the differences may result from loss of specific neuronal populations, which could determine the degree of dementia.
8546220
PMC1861608
AIDS Dementia Complex/complications/*pathology Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use Brain/*pathology HIV Infections/*complications/drug therapy Humans Neurons/*pathology Zidovudine/therapeutic use
E. D. Asare, G., Glass, J., McArthur, J., Luthert, P., Lantos, P., Everall, I. (1996). Neuronal pattern correlates with the severity of human immunodeficiency virus-associated dementia complex. Usefulness of spatial pattern analysis in clinicopathological studies. Am J Pathol, 148(1), 31-8. PMC1861608
Journal Article
Changes in depressive symptoms as AIDS develops. The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
Am J Psychiatry
1996
Nov-96
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8890676
OBJECTIVE: The authors sought to determine whether rates of depressive symptoms change from early- to late-stage HIV-1 infection and to determine the predictors of depressive symptoms as AIDS develops. METHOD: The data for this study were from 911 HIV-seropositive men- community volunteers from four U.S. cities-who entered the 10-year Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study without a diagnosis of AIDS and subsequently developed AIDS. The subjects underwent semiannual follow- ups during the study period. The outcome measures-overall depressive symptoms, nonsomatic depressive symptoms, syndromal depression, and severe depression-were assessed over the 5 years before and the 2 years after AIDS diagnosis from responses on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D Scale). RESULTS: Depressive symptoms were stable over time from month 60 to month 18 before AIDS developed. However, beginning 12-18 months before AIDS diagnosis, there was a significant rise in all measures of depression
10.1176/ajp.153.11.1430
8890676
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Adult AIDS AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections Baltimore clinical cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Comorbidity Depression Depressive Disorder diagnosis Disease Progression epidemiology Follow-Up Studies HIV Seropositivity Hiv-1 HIV-1 infection Human infection Male Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Multicenter Studies outcome Personality Inventory predictor predictors Probability Prospective Studies Psychiatric Status Rating Scales psychological psychology Risk Factors Severity of Illness Index Smoking Social Support study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. United States
C. G. H. Lyketsos, D.R., Guccione, M., Dew, M.A., Wesch, J.E., Bing, E.G., Treisman, G.J. (1996). Changes in depressive symptoms as AIDS develops. The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Am J Psychiatry, 153(11), 1430-1437.
Journal Article
Survivor treatment selection bias in observational studies: examples from the AIDS literature
Ann Intern Med
1996
1-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8624068
Unlike patients in a randomized, clinical trial, patients in an observational study choose if and when to begin treatment. Patients who live longer have more opportunities to select treatment; those who die earlier may be untreated by default. These facts are the essence of an often overlooked bias, termed "survivor treatment selection bias," which can erroneously lead to the conclusion that an ineffective treatment prolongs survival. Unfortunately, misanalysis of survivor treatment selection bias has been prevalent in the recent literature on the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Approaches to mitigating this bias involve complex statistical models. At a minimum, initiation of therapy should be treated as a time-dependent covariate in a proportional hazards model. Investigators and readers should be on the alert for survivor treatment selection bias and should be cautious when interpreting the results of observational treatment studies.
10.7326/0003-4819-124-11-199606010-00008
8624068
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*drug therapy/mortality Female Health Status Humans Life Tables Male Proportional Hazards Models Research Design Selection Bias
M. J. H. Glesby, D. R. (1996). Survivor treatment selection bias in observational studies: examples from the AIDS literature. Ann Intern Med, 124(11), 999-1005.
Journal Article
Survival in HIV-infected patients who have received zidovudine: comparison of combination therapy with sequential monotherapy and continued zidovudine monotherapy. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Group
Ann Intern Med
1996
6/15/1996
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8633816/
BACKGROUND: Among patients who begin receiving zidovudine during intermediate-stage human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, it is unclear whether changing to combination therapy (adding didanosine or zalcitabine) or sequential monotherapy (changing to didanosine or zalcitabine) significantly improves survival. OBJECTIVE: To determine, among patients who began receiving zidovudine during intermediate-stage HIV infection, the differential effects of changing to combination therapy (zidovudine with didanosine or zalcitabine) or sequential monotherapy (with didanosine or zalcitabine) or continuing zidovudine monotherapy. PATIENTS: 1077 HIV-seropositive men in the Multicenter AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) Cohort Study who began receiving zidovudine before an AIDS-defining illness developed. SETTING: University-affiliated clinics in Baltimore, Chicago, Los Angeles, and Pittsburgh. DESIGN: Longitudinal cohort study, Treatment groups and important prognostic variables were mo
10.7326/0003-4819-124-12-199606150-00002
8633816
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome administration & dosage AIDS Antiviral Agents Baltimore CD4 Lymphocyte Count Chicago clinical cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Comparative Study Didanosine Disease Disease Progression Drug Administration Schedule drug therapy Drug Therapy,Combination epidemiology Hiv HIV infection HIV Seropositivity Human human immunodeficiency virus immunodeficiency immunology infection Longitudinal Studies Los Angeles Male measurement mortality Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Multicenter Studies progression Proportional Hazards Models Risk study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. therapy United States virus Zalcitabine Zidovudine
N. M. H. H. Graham, D.R., Park, L.P., Stein, D.S., Phair, J.P., Mellors, J.W., Detels, R., Saah, A.J. (1996). Survival in HIV-infected patients who have received zidovudine: comparison of combination therapy with sequential monotherapy and continued zidovudine monotherapy. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Group. Ann Intern Med, 124(12), 1031-1038.
Journal Article
Localization of HIV-1 in human brain using polymerase chain reaction/in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry
Ann Neurol
1996
Jun-96
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8651642
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infects the brains of a majority of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and has been linked to the development of a progressive dementia termed 'HIV-associated dementia.' This disorder results in severe cognitive, behavioral, and motor deficits. Despite this neurological dysfunction, HIV-1 infection of brain cells does not occur significantly in neurons, astrocytes, or oligodendrocytes, but is restricted to brain macrophages and microglia. To identify possible low- level or latent infection of other brain cells, we combined the techniques of the polymerase chain reaction with in situ hybridization for the detection of HIV DNA, and used immunocytochemistry to identify the HIV-expressing cells. In the 21 adult brains studied (15 AIDS and 6 seronegative control brains), we found that polymerase chain reaction/in situ hybridization was both sensitive and specific for identifying HIV-infected cells. In all brains, the majo
10.1002/ana.410390606
8651642
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Adult AIDS Antibodies Antibodies,Monoclonal antibody Astrocytes Baltimore Base Sequence Brain control Dementia Disease Dna Dna,Viral Female Gene Expression Hiv HIV Seropositivity Hiv-1 HIV-1 infection Human human immunodeficiency virus immunodeficiency Immunohistochemistry In Situ Hybridization infection isolation & purification Macrophages Male Microglia Middle Age model Molecular Sequence Data Neurons Polymerase Chain Reaction Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. Tissue Culture ultrastructure United States virology virus
K. W. Takahashi, S.L., Griffin, D.E., McArthur, J.C., Johnson, R.T., Glass, J.D. (1996). Localization of HIV-1 in human brain using polymerase chain reaction/in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry. Ann Neurol, 39(6), 705-711.
Journal Article
Quantitation of human immunodeficiency virus in brains of demented and nondemented patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Ann Neurol
1996
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8602761
We measured human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) DNA in brains of 15 patients who died with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). All had been followed prospectively prior to death; 7 were demented and 8 were not demented. HIV was detected in 13 of 15 brains by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in the remaining 2 by presence of viral RNA or viral antigen. Quantitative PCR showed a wide range in amounts of HIV DNA with no significant difference between brains of demented and nondemented patients. These results suggest that qualitative features of the virus, rather than increased virus load per se, may be responsible for the clinical differences between HIV-infected patients with and without dementia.
10.1002/ana.410390319
8602761
AIDS Dementia Complex/*virology Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*virology Brain/*virology DNA, Viral Genome HIV/*isolation & purification Humans Macrophage Activation Polymerase Chain Reaction Prospective Studies RNA, Viral Tropism
R. T. G. Johnson, J. D., McArthur, J. C., Chesebro, B. W. (1996). Quantitation of human immunodeficiency virus in brains of demented and nondemented patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Neurol, 39(3), 392-5.
Journal Article
Occurrence of cytomegalovirus retinitis after human immunodeficiency virus immunosuppression
Arch Ophthalmol
1996
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8660165
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence and prevalence of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV-R) in late-stage human immunodeficiency virus type 1 disease. DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, an ongoing 10-year study of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected homosexual men with semiannual visits and CD4+ cell testing. STUDY PARTICIPANTS: Three hundred sixty-seven human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected men from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study who were receiving zidovudine and Pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis and who had CD4+ cell counts fall below 0.10 x 10(9)/L (100/microL). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Kaplan-Meier-type estimates for various longitudinal quantifications of incidence and prevalence of CMV-R were obtained. RESULTS: Among these 367 individuals, cytomegalovirus disease developed in 103, of whom 73 (71%) had ocular complications. At 4 years after the first CD4 cell count ( < 0.10 x 10(9)/L), the probability for these subjects to have (1) remai
10.1001/archopht.1996.01100140035004
8660165
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/drug therapy/epidemiology/*etiology Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use CD4 Lymphocyte Count CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology Cohort Studies Cytomegalovirus Retinitis/drug therapy/epidemiology/*etiology Foscarnet/therapeutic use Ganciclovir/therapeutic use HIV Infections/*drug therapy/immunology *hiv-1 Humans Immune Tolerance/drug effects Incidence Male Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/drug therapy Prevalence Survival Rate Zidovudine/therapeutic use
D. R. P. Hoover, Y., Saah, A., Semba, R., Detels, R. R., Rinaldo, C. R., Jr., Phair, J. P. (1996). Occurrence of cytomegalovirus retinitis after human immunodeficiency virus immunosuppression. Arch Ophthalmol, 114(7), 821-7.
Journal Article
Estimation, testing and adjustment of transient heathy entrant effects
Biom J
1996
1996
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/bimj.4710380211
10.1002/bimj.4710380211
censoring effects estimation estimation bias healthy entrant effect Kaplan-Meier estimates Survival Analysis testing truncation
D. R. M. Hoover, A., He, Y., Jacobson, L.P. (1996). Estimation, testing and adjustment of transient heathy entrant effects. Biom J, 38(2), 241-254.
Journal Article
Factors associated with the development of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
Clin Infect Dis
1996
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8729234
10.1093/clinids/22.4.738
8729234
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*complications Disease Susceptibility Europe/epidemiology Humans Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/complications/*epidemiology/transmission Risk Factors *Seasons United States/epidemiology
D. R. Hoover (1996). Factors associated with the development of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis, 22(4), 738-9.
Journal Article
Partially parametric techniques for multiple imputation
Comput Stat Data Anal
1996
1996
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0167947395000577
10.1016/0167-9473(95)00057-7
data sets missing values multiple imputation
N. T. Schenker, J.M.G. (1996). Partially parametric techniques for multiple imputation. Comput Stat Data Anal, 22(), 425-446.
Journal Article
Recent developments in the biology and natural history of HIV infection
Curr Opin Infect Dis
1996
1996
https://journals.lww.com/co-infectiousdiseases/Citation/1996/02000/Recent_developments_in_the_biology_and_natural.1.aspx
AIDS biology CD4 Hiv HIV infection infection natural history review Rna
J. P. W. Phair, S. (1996). Recent developments in the biology and natural history of HIV infection. Curr Opin Infect Dis, 9(), 2-Jan.
Journal Article
Elevated relative fluorescence intensity of CD38 antigen expression on CD8+ T cells is a marker of poor prognosis in HIV infection: results of 6 years of follow-up
Cytometry
1996
3/15/1996
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8809474
Relative fluorescence intensity measurements from a flow cytometer were used to evaluate expression of CD38 and HLA-DR antigens. These molecules are associated with cellular activation and are present at increased levels on the CD8+ lymphocytes of HIV-infected subjects. In the current study, the prognostic value of mean fluorescence intensity measurements of CD38 and HLA-DR on CD8+ cells was compared to results from our previous study in which we reported prognostic value for an elevated percentage of CD8+ cells that were positive for expression of the CD38 antigen (Giorgi et al.: JAIDS 6:904-912, 1993). Using the proportional hazards model, elevated mean fluorescence intensity of CD38 expression on CD8+ cells had prognostic value for development of AIDS that was almost identical to the prognostic value of the percentage of CD8+ cells that were positive for expression of CD38. This prognostic value was in addition to that provided by the patient's CD4+ cell measurement. To our knowledg
10.1002/(SICI)1097-0320(19960315)26:1<1::AID-CYTO1>3.0.CO;2-L
8809474
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome activation AIDS analysis Antigens Antigens,CD Antigens,Differentiation blood CD38 antigen CD4+ CD8+ CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes chemistry clinical Cohort Studies Disease Disease Progression epidemiology Fluorescent Antibody Technique follow-up Follow-Up Studies Histocompatibility Testing Hiv HIV infection HLA-DR HLA-DR Antigens Human immunodeficiency infection lymphocyte Lymphocytes management marker measurement methods model Nucleosidases physiopathology Prognosis study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. t cell t-cells United States
Z. H. Liu, L.E., Cumberland, W.G., Hultin, P., Schmid, I., Matud, J.L., Detels, R., Giorgi, J.V. (1996). Elevated relative fluorescence intensity of CD38 antigen expression on CD8+ T cells is a marker of poor prognosis in HIV infection: results of 6 years of follow-up. Cytometry, 26(1), 7-Jan.
Journal Article
Hepatitis C virus infection in a male homosexual cohort: risk factor analysis
Genitourin Med
1996
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8707327
BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major cause of morbidity throughout the world. Parenteral exposure to infected blood accounts for the majority of cases. Sexual transmission is suggested by the higher prevalence of infection in sex workers and homosexual men. Sexual practices which contribute to HCV infection need to be identified. METHODS: The social and medical history, and HCV serostatus of 1058 homosexual men in the Pittsburgh arm of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study were analysed. Multivariate analysis was used to determine risk factors for HCV seropositivity. RESULTS: 31 men were HCV seropositive by enzyme immunoassay and recombinant immunoblot assay (2.9%). They were more likely to be HIV seropositive (39%) than the HCV seronegative men (19%). Needle sharing and illegal drug use were the most important risk factors for HCV seropositivity. Statistically significant sexual factors (p < 0.05) included a history of syphilis, rectal gonorrhea, anal insertive interco
10.1136/sti.72.3.213
8707327
PMC1195654
Adult Aged Cohort Studies HIV Seronegativity HIV Seropositivity/complications Hepatitis C/complications/*transmission *Homosexuality, Male Humans Longitudinal Studies Male Middle Aged Needle Sharing Risk Factors Sexual Behavior Sexually Transmitted Diseases/complications Substance-Related Disorders/complications
O. K. K. Ndimbie, L. A., Nedjar, S., Rinaldo, C. R. (1996). Hepatitis C virus infection in a male homosexual cohort: risk factor analysis. Genitourin Med, 72(3), 213-6. PMC1195654
Journal Article
Causal attributions predict rate of immune decline in HIV-seropositive gay men
Health Psychol
1996
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8973930
Research has suggested that attributions-the perceived causes of events-may affect psychological and physical health and the immune system. The authors hypothesized that attributions reflecting negative beliefs about the self, the future, and control would affect helper T cell (CD4) decline and onset of AIDS in individuals with HIV, either directly or through associations with psychological states such as depression. HIV+ gay men (N = 86) participated in a structured interview from which causal attributions were extracted and coded. Attributing negative events to aspects of the self significantly predicted faster CD4 decline over 18 months following the interview, controlling for potential psychological, behavioral, social, and health mediators such as depression and health behavior. However, attributions did not predict AIDS diagnosis during the study period. The results support the idea that causal attributions related to beliefs about the self may have an influence on the immune sys
10.1037//0278-6133.15.6.485
8973930
Adult *Attitude to Health CD4 Lymphocyte Count Causality HIV Seropositivity/*immunology/*psychology Homosexuality, Male/*psychology Humans *Internal-External Control Longitudinal Studies Male Middle Aged Predictive Value of Tests Psychoneuroimmunology Surveys and Questionnaires
S. C. T. Segerstrom, S. E., Kemeny, M. E., Reed, G. M., Visscher, B. R. (1996). Causal attributions predict rate of immune decline in HIV-seropositive gay men. Health Psychol, 15(6), 485-93.
Journal Article
Elevated physical health risk among gay men who conceal their homosexual identity
Health Psychology
1996
Jul
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8818670/
This study examined the incidence of infectious and neoplastic diseases among 222 HIV-seronegative gay men who participated in the Natural History of AIDS Psychosocial Study. Those who concealed the expression of their homosexual identity experienced a significantly higher incidence of cancer (odds ratio = 3.18) and several infectious diseases (pneumonia, bronchitis, sinusitis, and tuberculosis; odds ratio = 2.91) over a 5-year follow-up period. These effects could not be attributed to differences in age, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, repressive coping style, health-relevant behavioral patterns (e.g., drug use, exercise), anxiety, depression, or reporting biases (e.g., negative affectivity, social desirability). Results are interpreted in the context of previous data linking concealed homosexual identity to other physical health outcomes (e.g., HIV progression and psychosomatic symptomatology) and theories linking psychological inhibition to physical illness.
10.1037/0278-6133.15.4.243
8818670
psychological inhibition cancer infectious diseases homosexuality electrodermal activity emotional expression stress aids suppression disclosure inhibition mortality responses behavior
S. W. K. Cole, Margaret E., Taylor, Shelley E., Visscher, Barbara R. (1996). Elevated physical health risk among gay men who conceal their homosexual identity. Health Psychology, 15(4), 243-251.
Journal Article
Persistently seronegative men from whom HIV-1 has been isolated are genetically and immunologically distinct
Immunology Letters
1996
Jun
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8811341/
Studies in both monkeys and humans have suggested that transient infection with HIV-I can occur without provoking: a measurable humoral immune response. The objective of this study was to look for genetic and immunologic correlates of transient HIV-1 infection in antibody-negative men from whom HIV-I had been isolated. The distributions of MHC class I, class II, and TAP (transporter protein associated with antigen processing) region genes were compared between 23 persistently seronegative men from whom HIV-1 was isolated al least once (isol +/Ab-) and 137 men who seroconverted. A subset of 13 of the 23 isol +/Ab- men were compared to 27 seronegative men for distribution of CD25(+)CD4(+) and CD25(+)CD8(+) cells in the absence of exogenous immunologic stimulation. The prevalences of the TAP1.4 and a combination of TAP1.4 and TAP2.3 variants were significantly higher in the isol +/Ab- men. The proportion of CD8(+) cells that expressed CD25(+) antigen was also significantly higher in the i
10.1016/0165-2478(96)02551-5
8811341
hiv-1 genetics resistance cellular immunity multicenter aids cohort homosexual men virus-replication infection DNA
R. M. Detels, Dean, Carrington, Mary, Hennessey, Karen, Wu, Zunyou, Hirji, Karim F., Wiley, Dorothy, Visscher, Barbara R., Giorgi, Janis V. (1996). Persistently seronegative men from whom HIV-1 has been isolated are genetically and immunologically distinct. Immunology Letters, 51(2-Jan), 29-33.
Journal Article
Phenotype and function of T cells in HIV disease
Immunology of HIV Infection
1996
B cells CD4 CD8 cytokine Disease Hiv HIV infection immunology In Vitro infection lymphocyte natural killer cells Phenotype t cell t-cells
Book Section
Living with HIV infection
Int Rev Psych
1996
1996
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/09540269609046303
By its chronic nature, HIV infection represents a period of time where persons are coping with the social and physiological changes of the infection across the spectrum of acute infection, illness, and death. As a person moves through the stages of infection, he or she also experiences different psychological states, whether they be a reaction to the disease process itself, to social reactions to HIV/AIDS, or to the threat of developing AIDS in the future. The purpose of this article is to describe in both quantitative and qualitative terms the psychosocial functioning of infected men from the time they learn they are seropositive to their demise, and to contrast this to seronegative men. This paper specifically examines the longitudinal patterns of psychological states, social support, social conflict, and HIV-risk behavior as measured prospectively in a cohort of homosexual men in Chicago. The men participating in the Chicago Multicenter AIDS Cohort and Coping and Change Studies enro
10.3109/09540269609046303
AIDS Antibodies antibody behavior behavioral change Chicago cohort coping Coping and Change Study Counseling death Disease history Hiv HIV infection Hiv-1 HIV/AIDS homosexual homosexual men illness infection information Learning longitudinal multicenter natural history psychological psychosocial seronegative seropositive serostatus Social Support study support
D. G. D. Ostrow, W., Halman, L.J. (1996). Living with HIV infection. Int Rev Psych, 8(), 185-199.
Journal Article
Virologic and serologic markers of rapid progression to AIDS after HIV-1 seroconversion
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol
1996
15-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8970472
The association between early virologic and immunologic events after human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and progression of HIV-1 infection to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was studied among 59 homosexual men with documented time of seroconversion. Epidemiologic factors, such as number of lifetime sexual partners, history of sexually transmitted diseases, and other factors, also were studied. All 17 seroconverters in the cohort who developed AIDS within 3 years (rapid progressors = RPs) were compared with 42 men without AIDS for at least 6 years seroconversion (nonrapid progressors = non-RPs). Plasma levels of HIV-1 RNA, p24 antigen, antibodies to HIV-1 structural genes, beta-2 microglobulin, neopterin, and interferon-alpha were measured at four time points: (a) the last seronegative visit, (b) the first seropositive visit, (c) the visit closest to AIDS (or the corresponding visit for the non-RPs) and (d) 6 years after seroconversion (for non-RPs). Up to s
10.1097/00042560-199612150-00008
8970472
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/blood/epidemiology/*immunology/virology Adult Biomarkers Biopterin/analogs & derivatives/blood Cohort Studies Disease Progression HIV Antibodies/blood HIV Core Protein p24/blood HIV Seropositivity/blood/epidemiology/*immunology/virology HIV-1/*immunology Homosexuality, Male Humans Immunoglobulin Isotypes/blood Interferon-alpha/blood Male Neopterin RNA, Viral/blood beta 2-Microglobulin/analysis
H. H. Farzadegan, D. R., Kleeberger, C. A., Schrager, L., Kirby, A. J., Saah, A. J., Rinaldo, C. R., Jr., O'Gorman, M., Detels, R., Taylor, E., Phair, J. P., Margolick, J. B. (1996). Virologic and serologic markers of rapid progression to AIDS after HIV-1 seroconversion. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol, 13(5), 448-55.
Journal Article
Menstrual function in human immunodeficiency virus-infected women without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol
1996
15-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8757426
To assess whether HIV infection is associated with menstrual abnormalities in HIV-infected women without AIDS, we evaluated 248 premenopausal HIV-infected women without AIDS and 82 HIV-negative women. Detailed medical, drug use, and menstrual histories (using menstrual calendars) were obtained. Complete physical and pelvic examinations and CD4 counts were performed. HIV-infected women were more likely to experience intervals > 6 weeks without menstrual bleeding [8 vs. 0%, odds ratio (OR) = 10.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.8-1,000) and amenorrhea > 3 months (5 vs. 0%, OR = 7.1, 95% CI 1.1-1,000) (after adjustment for drug use, age, and race). Premenstrual breast swelling (p = 0.01), tenderness (p = 0.01), and dysmenorrhea (p = 0.04) were less common in HIV-infected women. There were no differences in intermenstrual bleeding or irregular menstrual cycles. Among HIV-infected women, only a past history of substance abuse was significantly associated with menstrual irregularities in a l
10.1097/00042560-199608150-00008
8757426
Adult Alcoholism CD4 Lymphocyte Count Female HIV Infections/*complications/immunology/physiopathology HIV Seronegativity Humans Logistic Models *Menstrual Cycle Menstruation Disturbances/*complications Prospective Studies Smoking Substance-Related Disorders Weight Gain
K. D. F. Chirgwin, J., Muneyyirci-Delale, O., Landesman, S., Minkoff, H. (1996). Menstrual function in human immunodeficiency virus-infected women without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol, 12(5), 489-94.
Journal Article
Replacing time since human immunodeficiency virus infection by marker values in predicting residual time to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome diagnosis.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol
1996
Jul-96
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8673537
It is widely assumed that the time since human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is an important indicator of HIV disease stage, yet for most infected individuals the date of infection is unknown. We consider whether marker values, such as CD4 lymphocyte number or percent and levels of serum beta2 microglobulin or serum neopterin, render time since infection unimportant for predicting the residual time to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) diagnosis. The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) contains a subsample of homosexual men whose date of HIV seroconversion is known within +/-6 months and who provide data for this analysis. From this subsample, we extract two overlapping data subsets. The first subset consists of 370 persons whose 3,723 study visits include complete data on the cellular markers CD4 lymphocyte number and percent for a period of 9 years. The second consists of 272 persons whose 1,593 visits include complete information on cellular markers and on the serol
10.1097/00042560-199607000-00013
8673537
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome AIDS analogs & derivatives analysis beta 2-Microglobulin Beta2-microglobulin Biological Markers Biopterin blood CD4 CD4 Lymphocyte Count cohort Cohort Studies cohort study diagnosis Disease Disease Progression Hiv homosexual homosexual men Homosexuality,Male Human human immunodeficiency virus immunodeficiency immunology infection information Likelihood Functions Los Angeles lymphocyte MACS Male marker markers measurement model Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Neopterin physiopathology Predictive Value of Tests Regression Analysis Risk Factors sera seroconversion study Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. Time Factors United States virus
M. T. Shi, J.M.G., Currier, R.J., Tang, H., Hoover, D.R., Chmiel, J.S., Bryant, J.L., Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (1996). Replacing time since human immunodeficiency virus infection by marker values in predicting residual time to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome diagnosis.. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol, 12(3), 309-316.
Journal Article
Serum hormones in men with human immunodeficiency virus-associated wasting
J Clin Endocrinol Metab
1996
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8923868
Weight loss is commonly associated with increased morbidity and mortality in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We performed a nested case-control study of 26 HIV-infected subjects recruited from a cohort of gay men enrolled in the Multicenter Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Cohort Study. To test the hypothesis that hormonal changes precede and may induce the wasting syndrome, we performed a nested case-control study and analyzed serum gonadal steroids and GH in samples of HIV-infected men with or without weight loss, uncomplicated by diarrhea or ever having an opportunistic infection. We studied 13 cases (mean age +/- SD, 45 +/- 7.2 yr) with a mean weight loss of 13 +/- 3.6%, considered to have the wasting syndrome by Centers for Disease Control criteria (weight loss of > 10%) and 13 controls matched for age and duration of follow-up. Serum bioavailable testosterone (T) levels decreased in the case group (P < 0.05) before the definition of wasting was at
10.1210/jcem.81.11.8923868
8923868
Adult CD4 Lymphocyte Count Case-Control Studies Follicle Stimulating Hormone/blood HIV Wasting Syndrome/*blood/etiology/pathology Hormones/*blood Humans Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3/blood Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism Leukocyte Count Luteinizing Hormone/blood Male Middle Aged Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin/metabolism Testosterone/blood Weight Loss
A. S. F. Dobs, W. L., 3rd, Blackman, M. R., Harman, S. M., Hoover, D. R., Graham, N. M. (1996). Serum hormones in men with human immunodeficiency virus-associated wasting. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 81(11), 4108-12.
Journal Article
Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) gp120 superantigen-binding serum antibodies. A host factor in homosexual HIV-1 transmission
J Clin Invest
1996
15-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8878430
HIV-1 gp120 is an immunoglobulin superantigen which can bind to preimmune serum Ig. We hypothesize that levels of such preimmune antibodies vary in the population and might affect host resistance or susceptibility to viral transmission. This study tests two predictions: (a) levels of preimmune anti-gpl20 Igs are a polymorphic trait; and, (b) these levels are correlated with resistance or susceptibility to HIV-1 transmission. The first prediction was confirmed in a longitudinal study of a low-risk seronegative population. In this group, levels of both endogenous anti-gpl20 IgM and IgG varied widely, but were characteristic and stable for each individual. The second prediction was addressed in a study of participants of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, in which men "susceptible" and "resistant" to HIV infection were identified based on numbers of sexual partners and eventual seroconversion. Specimens consisted of archival sera obtained > 2 yr before seroconversion. Men in the susceptib
10.1172/JCI118979
8878430
PMC507618
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*transmission Cohort Studies HIV Antibodies/blood HIV Envelope Protein gp120/*immunology HIV-1/*immunology *Homosexuality, Male Humans Immunoglobulin G/blood Immunoglobulin M/blood Male Superantigens/*immunology
J. K. Townsley-Fuchs, L., Fairhurst, R., Gange, S. J., Goodglick, L., Giorgi, J. V., Sidell, N., Detels, R., Braun, J. (1996). Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) gp120 superantigen-binding serum antibodies. A host factor in homosexual HIV-1 transmission. J Clin Invest, 98(8), 1794-801. PMC507618
Journal Article
An additional mechanism of growth restriction in T cell line H9 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates from asymptomatic homosexual men
J Gen Virol
1996
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8609474
The replicative properties of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates from asymptomatic carriers (asymptomatic isolates) and AIDS patients (AIDS isolates) were examined in the human T lymphocyte cell line H9. In agreement with earlier reports the replication of asymptomatic isolates was restricted whereas AIDS isolates replicate well in H9 cells. PCR analysis of H9 cells infected with asymptomatic isolates showed transient gag DNA synthesis for up to 48 h post-infection. This transient DNA synthesis was much lower than the amount of DNA synthesized by the AIDS isolates. The reduction in DNA synthesis reflects a restriction during virus entry. We further analysed transient DNA synthesis by the asymptomatic isolates to investigate possible post-entry restriction mechanisms. The transiently synthesized DNA was present only in the unintegrated form and was not transported in to the nucleus, suggesting an additional restriction mechanism for asymptomatic isolates in H9 cell lin
10.1099/0022-1317-77-5-1083
8609474
Cell Line DNA, Viral/analysis/biosynthesis HIV Long Terminal Repeat HIV-1/genetics/*growth & development *Homosexuality, Male Humans Male T-Lymphocytes/*virology
R. S. Balachandran, M. K., Gupta, P. (1996). An additional mechanism of growth restriction in T cell line H9 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates from asymptomatic homosexual men. J Gen Virol, 77 ( Pt 5)(), 1083-8.
Journal Article
HIV-1 gp120-specific antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity correlates with rate of disease progression
J Immunol
1996
1-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8757343
The Ab-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity of anti-gp120 Abs in serum from four groups of HIV-1-positive individuals in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study was evaluated at several time points over a 10-yr period. HIV-1-positive individuals who progressed to AIDS within 3 yr of seroconversion (rapid progressors) were compared with seroconverters who did not progress to AIDS within 6 yr (nonrapid progressors) and individuals who were seropositive when they entered the study and did not progress to AIDS within 9-10 yr (nonprogressors). At the visit closest to AIDS, rapid progressors had significantly lower titers of Abs that mediate ADCC against HIV-1 gp120 than those of nonrapid progressors at corresponding visits or those of nonprogressors at any visit. Nonprogressors generally had high titers of ADCC Abs at all visits. Differences between ADCC titers of rapid progressors and nonrapid progressors or nonprogressors remained when longitudinal changes within individuals wer
8757343
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology/*immunology Antibodies, Viral/*physiology *Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic Disease Progression HIV Envelope Protein gp120/blood/*immunology HIV Seropositivity/epidemiology/immunology/virology HIV Seroprevalence HIV-1/*immunology Humans Male Prospective Studies Retrospective Studies Viremia/epidemiology/immunology
L. L. C. Baum, K. J., Knigge, K., Khattri, R., Margolick, J., Rinaldo, C., Kleeberger, C. A., Nishanian, P., Henrard, D. R., Phair, J. (1996). HIV-1 gp120-specific antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity correlates with rate of disease progression. J Immunol, 157(5), 2168-73.
Journal Article
Cytokine expression by human peripheral blood dendritic cells stimulated in vitro with HIV-1 and herpes simplex virus
J Immunol
1996
1-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8892636
Dendritic cells are potent stimulators of Ag-specific T cell responses and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 and other viral infections. Although cytokines may be involved in both of these processes, there is little information on the expression of cytokines by human blood dendritic cells. We characterized cytokine gene and protein expression in dendritic cells that were purified from normal human PBMC by flow cytometry and stimulated in vitro for up to 24 h with HIV-1 or herpes simplex virus (HSV). The unstimulated, uncultured dendritic cells were defined by their phenotype (HLA DR+ CD3- CD19- CD16- CD56- CD14-) and distinct morphology, lack of mRNA expression for CD3, CD14 and CD19, and presence of mRNA for CD4 and CD83. The purified dendritic cells also expressed CD4 (70-90%), CD33 (36-48%), and CD11c (44-54%); lacked CD1a expression (<1%); and were potent stimulators of an allogeneic MLR. The stimulated dendritic cells expressed mRNA for IFN-alpha, IL-1alpha, IL-1be
8892636
Antigens, CD/analysis/biosynthesis/genetics B7-1 Antigen/biosynthesis/genetics B7-2 Antigen Blood Cells/*immunology Cytokines/*biosynthesis/genetics Dendritic Cells/*immunology Gene Expression Regulation HIV-1/*immunology Humans Immunophenotyping Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed Membrane Glycoproteins/biosynthesis/genetics Polymerase Chain Reaction RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis/genetics Simplexvirus/*immunology
S. Z. Ghanekar, L., Logar, A., Navratil, J., Borowski, L., Gupta, P., Rinaldo, C. (1996). Cytokine expression by human peripheral blood dendritic cells stimulated in vitro with HIV-1 and herpes simplex virus. J Immunol, 157(9), 4028-36.
Journal Article
Acyclovir in human immunodeficiency virus patients
J Infect Dis
1996
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8568324
10.1093/infdis/173.2.504
8568324
Acyclovir/*therapeutic use Antiviral Agents/*therapeutic use Cytomegalovirus Infections/prevention & control Drug Therapy, Combination HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*mortality Herpesviridae Infections/prevention & control Humans Survival Rate Zidovudine/therapeutic use
D. S. G. Stein, N. M., Park, L. P., Hoover, D. R., Saah, A. J. (1996). Acyclovir in human immunodeficiency virus patients. J Infect Dis, 173(2), 504-7.
Journal Article
Relationship between infectious cell-associated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 load, T lymphocyte subsets, and stage of infection in homosexual men
J Infect Dis
1996
Feb-96
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8568314
The relationship between cell-associated infectious human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) load (infectious units/10(6) peripheral blood mononuclear cells [IUPM]) and phenotypes of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes was studied. IUPM were measured in 242 HIV-infected homosexual men by quantitative microculture and T cell subsets by two- color flow cytometry. In multivariate analysis, IUPM correlated negatively with CD4+ lymphocyte level and with a diagnosis of AIDS and positively with the proportion of CD8+ lymphocytes expressing the activation marker CD38. After adjusting for level of CD4+ lymphocytes, men with AIDS had significantly lower IUPM than those without AIDS. The correlation between IUPM and CD4+ lymphocyte level was largely explained by correlation with level of CD4+ lymphocytes with resting phenotypes (HLA-DR-, CD38-) rather than with those expressing HLA-DR and CD38. Thus, subsets of CD4+ lymphocytes may vary in cell-associated infectious HIV content at different stages of HIV
10.1093/infdis/173.2.468
8568314
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome activation AIDS analysis Antigens Antigens,CD Baltimore blood CD4 Lymphocyte Count CD4+ CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes CD8+ CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes cells correlation Cross-Sectional Studies diagnosis Flow Cytometry health Hiv HIV infection Hiv-1 HLA-DR HLA-DR Antigens homosexual homosexual men Homosexuality,Male Human human immunodeficiency virus immunodeficiency immunology Immunophenotyping infection Leukocytes,Mononuclear lymphocyte Lymphocyte Subsets Lymphocytes Male marker microbiology Multivariate Analysis Phenotype physiology physiopathology Public Health Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. t cell T-Lymphocyte Subsets United States virology virus
J. B. F. Margolick, H., Hoover, D.R., Saah, A.J. (1996). Relationship between infectious cell-associated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 load, T lymphocyte subsets, and stage of infection in homosexual men. J Infect Dis, 173(2), 468-471.
Journal Article
Factors associated with cytomegalovirus infection among human immunodeficiency virus type 1-seronegative and -seropositive women from an urban minority community
J Infect Dis
1996
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8537686
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) seroprevalence and genital tract shedding in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seronegative and HIV-seropositive women from an urban minority community were investigated. CMV seropositivity was high in both groups: 181 (95.2%) of 190 HIV-negative and 158 (90.3%) of 175 HIV-positive subjects. Cervicovaginal shedding was detected in 8 (4.4%) CMV-positive HIV-negative subjects and 31 (19.6%) HIV-positive subjects (odds ratio [OR], 5.28; P < .001). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that CMV shedding was independently associated with younger age (OR = 0.90; P < .001) and concurrent Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection (OR = 3.60; P = .08). However, shedding was observed over a broad age range in HIV-positive subjects, with 54.8% of shedders being > or = 30 years old. Among HIV-positive subjects, CMV shedding was also associated with decreased CD4 cell counts (P = .04) and, compared with HIV-negative subjects, was significantly higher (
10.1093/infdis/173.1.77
8537686
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/complications/*epidemiology Adult CD4 Lymphocyte Count Chlamydia Infections/complications Chlamydia trachomatis/isolation & purification Cross-Sectional Studies Cytomegalovirus/isolation & purification Cytomegalovirus Infections/complications/*epidemiology Female Gonorrhea/complications *HIV Seronegativity HIV Seropositivity/*complications *hiv-1 Humans *Minority Groups Neisseria gonorrhoeae/isolation & purification New York City/epidemiology Prevalence Regression Analysis Risk Factors Urban Population Vagina/virology Virus Shedding
L. M. D. Clarke, A., Feldman, J., Sierra, M. F., Daidone, B. J., Landesman, S. H. (1996). Factors associated with cytomegalovirus infection among human immunodeficiency virus type 1-seronegative and -seropositive women from an urban minority community. J Infect Dis, 173(1), 77-82.
Journal Article
The effect of influenza vaccination on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 load: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
J Infect Dis
1996
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8940228
To determine if vaccination induces replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), 42 HIV-1-infected subjects with CD4 cell counts of 200-500 cells/microL were randomized to receive influenza vaccine or saline placebo. Infectious cell-associated and plasma HIV-1 RNA virus load were measured twice at baseline and then at 7, 10, 14, and 30 days after injection by quantitative microculture and branched DNA amplification. The ratios of the geometric mean plasma HIV-1 load of the four follow-up visits compared with baseline in vaccine (n = 28) and placebo (n = 14) recipients were similar (1.05 [95% confidence interval, 0.80-1.37] for vaccine; 0.96 [95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.33] for placebo; P = .90). The geometric mean ratios of plasma virus load at each follow-up visit to baseline did not differ significantly from 1.0 for each group. Infectious cell-associated virus load measures yielded similar results. CD4 cell counts declined similarly in both groups at 6 months. Infl
10.1093/infdis/174.6.1332
8940228
Adult CD4 Lymphocyte Count DNA, Viral/analysis Female HIV Infections/*complications/*virology HIV-1/genetics/*growth & development Humans Influenza A virus/*immunology Influenza Vaccines/*adverse effects Influenza, Human/*immunology/*prevention & control Male Middle Aged RNA, Viral/analysis Vaccination/*adverse effects *Viral Load Viremia/virology
M. J. H. Glesby, D. R., Farzadegan, H., Margolick, J. B., Saah, A. J. (1996). The effect of influenza vaccination on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 load: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Infect Dis, 174(6), 1332-6.
Journal Article
Use of antiherpes drugs and the risk of Kaposi's sarcoma: data from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
J Infect Dis
1996
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8648224
To determine if use of antiherpes drugs protects against the development of AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), data from 935 homosexual men with AIDS from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study were analyzed. In nested case-control analysis, neither acyclovir use for human immunodeficiency virus infection (odds ratio [OR], 0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.56-1.26; P = .39) nor acyclovir use for any indication (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.76-1.38; P = .89) was associated with a reduced risk of KS as initial AIDS diagnosis. In longitudinal analysis, acyclovir was also not protective against developing KS as a late manifestation of AIDS (after initial non-KS AIDS diagnosis). Among men with cytomegalovirus disease, ganciclovir use (relative risk [RR], 0.56; 95% CI, 0.22-1.44; P = .23) and foscarnet use (RR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.051-3.10; P = .38) were associated (although not significantly) with a reduced risk of KS. Thus, acyclovir use does not appear to reduce the risk of KS, but further study of
10.1093/infdis/173.6.1477
8648224
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/drug therapy/*prevention & control Acyclovir/therapeutic use Antiviral Agents/*therapeutic use Bisexuality Case-Control Studies Foscarnet/therapeutic use Ganciclovir/therapeutic use Herpesviridae Infections/drug therapy/*prevention & control Homosexuality, Male Humans Longitudinal Studies Male Risk Sarcoma, Kaposi/drug therapy/*prevention & control
M. J. H. Glesby, D. R., Weng, S., Graham, N. M., Phair, J. P., Detels, R., Ho, M., Saah, A. J. (1996). Use of antiherpes drugs and the risk of Kaposi's sarcoma: data from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. J Infect Dis, 173(6), 1477-80.
Journal Article
The immunopathogenesis of retrovira diseases: No immunophenotypic alterations in T, B and NK cell subsets in SIVmac239-challenged rhesus macaques protected by SIV Dnef vaccination
J Med Primatol
1996
Jun-96
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8892039
Immunophenotype analysis was used to characterize circulating lymphocyte subset levels in both rhesus monkeys that were chronically infected with SIVmac239 and in those that had resisted SIVmac239 infection as a result of prior vaccination with an attenuated SIV strain. Alterations in T, NK, and B cell subsets were compared with those previously identified in humans chronically infected with HIV [8- 11, 14, 22]. The well-known decrease in CD4+ cell levels was observed in the SIVmac239-infected animals. However, these animals had relatively little activation of circulating CD8+ T cells as compared with uninfected monkeys. This contrasts with chronically HIV-infected humans who have substantial activation of circulating CD8+ cells as evidenced by elevated HLA-DR and CD38 antigen expression on CD8+ cells as well as substantially increased percentages and numbers of total CD8+ cells. NK cells of the SIVmac239-infected animals, on the other hand, demonstrated the same changes recently descr
10.1111/j.1600-0684.1996.tb00015.x
8892039
activation Adult analysis Animal Antibodies Antibodies,Monoclonal antibody Antigens Antigens,CD28 Antigens,Differentiation Antigens,Differentiation,B-Lymphocyte Antigens,Differentiation,T-Lymphocyte B-Lymphocyte Subsets biosynthesis CD38 antigen CD4+ CD8+ CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes Child Disease Flow Cytometry Genes,nef genetics Hiv HIV infection HIV Infections HLA-DR HLA-DR Antigens Human immune immunology Immunophenotyping infection Killer Cells,Natural lymphocyte Macaca mulatta Nucleosidases prevention & control Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Siv Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. t cell t-cells vaccine vaccines Vaccines,Attenuated Viral Vaccines Vaccination
J. V. H. Giorgi, L.E., Desrosiers, R.C. (1996). The immunopathogenesis of retrovira diseases: No immunophenotypic alterations in T, B and NK cell subsets in SIVmac239-challenged rhesus macaques protected by SIV Dnef vaccination. J Med Primatol, 25(3), 186-191.
Journal Article
An unbiased method for estimation of total epidermal nerve fibre length
J Neurocytol
1996
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9013425
It is of interest to quantify accurately lineal biological features such as nerve fibres, capillaries, and tubules for studies of development and diseases such as sensory neuropathy, and for evaluation of therapeutic regimens in humans and animal models. An unbiased stereological method to sample and estimate total length of immunostained epidermal nerve fibres by using vertical sections of punch skin biopsies from two human volunteers is presented. The essential steps in the procedure are as follows: (1) serially section the skin punch in a random plane perpendicular to the cutaneous surface; (2) immunostain a known fraction of total sections with antibody specific for nerve fibres; (3) orient a test line-grid over the epidermis; and (4) count intersections between test lines and immunostained epidermal nerve fibres. The optical fractionator method is employed to estimate total length of immunostained epidermal nerve fibres in the biopsy. By using these techniques the total length of
10.1007/BF02284830
9013425
Adult Cell Size Epidermis/*innervation Humans Male Middle Aged Nerve Fibers/*ultrastructure
E. A. M. Stocks, J. C., Griffen, J. W., Mouton, P. R. (1996). An unbiased method for estimation of total epidermal nerve fibre length. J Neurocytol, 25(11), 637-44.
Journal Article
Stereological analysis of cerebral atrophy in human immunodeficiency virus-associated dementia
J Neuropathol Exp Neurol
1996
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8858000
Brain atrophy is a common finding in patients with AIDS, but the relationship of atrophy to HIV-associated dementia is unclear. We used unbiased, stereological methods on postmortem brain specimens to estimate volumes of different brain regions in patients prospectively diagnosed with and without HIV-associated dementia. Thirty HIV-seropositive (9 without AIDS/without dementia, 6 with AIDS/without dementia, 15 with AIDS/with dementia) and 7 HIV-seronegative controls were studied using the technique of point counting and Cavalieri's principle of volume estimation. There was a significant reduction in the mean neocortical volume (15%, p = 0.032) in the group with AIDS when compared to the seronegative controls, and this difference was accentuated when comparing only the group with HIV-associated dementia to the seronegatives (neocortex: 18%, p = 0.020). There were no significant differences between the AIDS groups with and without HIV-associated dementia, although there was a trend for s
8858000
AIDS Dementia Complex/*pathology Adolescent Adult Aged Atrophy/pathology Basal Ganglia/pathology Cerebral Cortex/*pathology Data Interpretation, Statistical Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nerve Fibers/pathology
P. M. Subbiah, P., Fedor, H., McArthur, J. C., Glass, J. D. (1996). Stereological analysis of cerebral atrophy in human immunodeficiency virus-associated dementia. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol, 55(10), 1032-7.
Journal Article
Psychomotor slowing in HIV infection: a predictor of dementia, AIDS and death
J Neurovirol
1996
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8972422
The objective of this study was to determine if sustained decline in psychomotor speed tests is associated with an increased risk of progression to dementia, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), or mortality in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-infected homosexual men in the Baltimore site of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort-Study (MACS). Clinical and neuropsychological data were obtained on 291 HIV+ homosexual men seen semi-annually over a nine year period (1986-1994). A proportional hazards model was used to assess the predictive value of sustained psychomotor slowing (defined as a 2.0 standard deviation (s.d.) decline in performance on either the Symbol Digit Modalities test or Trailmaking test at two consecutive evaluations). Time-dependent co-variates included in the model were sustained psychomotor slowing, number of attended visits, CD4+ lymphocyte count, hemoglobin and antiretroviral medication use. HIV+ participants with and without sustained psychomotor slowing were compa
10.3109/13550289609146906
8972422
AIDS Dementia Complex/*mortality Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*mortality/psychology/therapy Adult Cognition Disorders/diagnosis/virology Cohort Studies Demography HIV Infections/*complications/psychology/therapy Humans Longitudinal Studies Male Neuropsychological Tests Predictive Value of Tests Prognosis Psychomotor Disorders/diagnosis/*virology Risk Factors Treatment Outcome
N. C. B. Sacktor, H., Hoover, D. R., Nance-Sproson, T. E., Selnes, O. A., Miller, E. N., Dal Pan, G. J., Kleeberger, C., Brown, A., Saah, A., McArthur, J. C. (1996). Psychomotor slowing in HIV infection: a predictor of dementia, AIDS and death. J Neurovirol, 2(6), 404-10.
Journal Article
Rapid evolution of human immunodeficiency virus strains with increased replicative capacity during the seronegative window of primary infection
J Virol
1996
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8794384
The relationship between host and virus was examined during the initial stages of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) infection in a volunteer from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). The individual was asymptomatic and unaware of his infection during an initial donation of blood and inguinal lymphoid tissue. Proviral DNA, however, was present in cells from both sources, HIV RNA was detected in the plasma, and CD4+ cell levels were reduced by approximately 50% compared with previous donations in the MACS. In a second blood donation 12 days later, plasma HIV RNA increased 200-fold in tandem with viral isolates with an increased growth phenotype in vitro. HIV burden was ultimately suppressed upon seroconversion and the emergence of HIV-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes. These observations provide further evidence that the potential benefits of early treatment may be maximized during the early stages of infection, when viral fitness may be low but is unopposed by immune re
10.1128/JVI.70.10.7285-7289.1996
8794384
PMC190790
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology HIV Infections/blood/immunology/*virology HIV Seronegativity *hiv-1 Humans Viral Load Virus Replication
J. D. Ferbas, E. S., Grovit-Ferbas, K., Lech, W. J., Detels, R., Giorgi, J. V., Kaplan, A. H. (1996). Rapid evolution of human immunodeficiency virus strains with increased replicative capacity during the seronegative window of primary infection. J Virol, 70(10), 7285-9. PMC190790
Journal Article
Survival from early, intermediate, and late stages of HIV infection
JAMA
1996
1-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8614118
OBJECTIVE: To estimate expected survival time among homosexual men infected with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) by (1) the calendar period before (1985-1988) and after (1989-1993) the widespread availability of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) treatments with antiretroviral and prophylactic interventions, and (2) stage of HIV disease. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study. A group of HIV-1-infected homosexual men were followed from July 1985 through June 1993 and evaluated every 6 months for the presence of clinical symptoms and measurement of the CD4 cell count. To measure the effectiveness of AIDS therapies in this nonrandomized study, we used 2 calendar periods as proxy measures of relative intensity of exposure to antiretroviral therapy. Stage of infection was defined by CD4 cell count and presence of HIV-related clinical symptoms or AIDS. SETTING AND STUDY PARTICIPANTS: Homosexual men infected with HIV-1 from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. MAIN OUTCOME M
8614118
Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use CD4 Lymphocyte Count HIV Infections/*mortality/therapy *hiv-1 Homosexuality, Male Humans Male Multivariate Analysis Proportional Hazards Models Prospective Studies Severity of Illness Index Survival Analysis
C. G. Enger, N., Peng, Y., Chmiel, J. S., Kingsley, L. A., Detels, R., Munoz, A. (1996). Survival from early, intermediate, and late stages of HIV infection. JAMA, 275(17), 1329-34.
Journal Article
Depression and survival among HIV-infected persons
JAMA
1996
1/3/1996
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8531282
10.1001/jama.1996.03530250039021
8531282
complications Depression Depressive Disorder HIV Infections Human letter mortality Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. Survival Rate United States
C. G. H. Lyketsos, D.R., Guccione, M. (1996). Depression and survival among HIV-infected persons. JAMA, 275(1), 35-36.
Journal Article
Adequately treated remote syphilis does not augment CNS HIV-1 expression
Journal of Neuro-AIDS
1996
1996
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16873166/
10.1300/J128v01n02_06
16873166
central nervous system Cerebrospinal Fluid CNS CSF Hiv-1 human immunodeficiency virus seropositive Syphilis
J. W. McArthur, L.A., McArthur, J. (1996). Adequately treated remote syphilis does not augment CNS HIV-1 expression. Journal of Neuro-AIDS, 1(2), 87-95.
Journal Article
A quantitative MRI study of the basal ganglia in depression in HIV seropositive men
Journal of Neuro-AIDS
1996
1996
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16873169/
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) infection is associated with high rates of depressive symptomatology. There is evidence that such infection is associated with damage to the basal ganglia. It has also been suggested that the basal ganglia are implicated in the aetiology of affective disorders. OBJECTIVE: This study examined the association between basal ganglia atrophy and depression in HIV seropositive men. We hypothesized that depressed HIV seropositive patients would have smaller basal ganglia compared with nondepressed HIV positive comparison subjects. METHOD: Using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques we compared the basal ganglia volumes of sixteen depressed, and sixteen group-matched nondepressed HIV seropositive homosexual men. RESULTS: We found no significant difference in basal ganglia atrophy.
10.1300/j128v01n03_02
16873169
Basal Ganglia Depression Hiv Magnetic Resonance Imaging MRI neuroimaging seropositive study Human human immunodeficiency virus immunodeficiency virus infection Atrophy homosexual homosexual men
S. E. A. Davison, E.H., McArthur, J.C., Selnes, O.A., Lyketsos, C., Barta, P.E., Pearlson, G.D. (1996). A quantitative MRI study of the basal ganglia in depression in HIV seropositive men. Journal of Neuro-AIDS, 1(3), 29-41.
Journal Article
Left-handedness and age: comparing writing/ drawing and other manual activities
Laterality
1996
1996
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15513035
The percentage of individuals who use the left hand for writing/drawing, brushing teeth, and throwing a ball was compared in 3229 subjects ranging in age from 8 to 96 years. The "elimination" versus "modification" hypotheses were tested as explanations of prior observations that there are fewer left-handers among the elderly. These hypotheses predict different numbers of left-handed elderly individuals when measured by activities not influenced by social pressure. The results suggest that there are age-related patterns among different measures of left-handedness. However, a significant decline in left-handedness among the elderly was also found when measured by less culturally determined activities.
10.1080/713754239
15513035
left-handedness manual
K. Z. Hugdahl, K., Satz, P., Mitrushina, M., Miller, E. N. (1996). Left-handedness and age: comparing writing/ drawing and other manual activities. Laterality, 1(3), 177-83.
Journal Article
Models for residual time to AIDS
Lifetime Data Anal
1996
1996
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9384647
The distributions of the time from Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection to the onset of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and of the residual time to AIDS diagnosis are important for modeling the growth of the AIDS epidemic and for predicting onset of the disease in an individual. Markers such as CD4 counts carry valuable information about disease progression and therefore about the two survival distributions. Building on the framework set out by Jewell and Kalbfleisch (1992), we study these two survival distributions based on stochastic models for the marker process (X(t)) and a marker-dependent hazard (h(.)). We examine various plausible CD4 marker processes and marker-dependent hazard functions for AIDS proposed in recent literature. For a random effects plus Brownian motion marker process X(t) = (a + bt + BM(t))4, where a has a normal distribution, b < 0 is an unknown parameter and BM(t) is Brownian motion, and marker-dependent hazard h(X(t)), we prove that, given
10.1007/BF00128469
9384647
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology/*etiology/mortality Biomarkers CD4 Lymphocyte Count Disease Outbreaks Humans Life Tables *Models, Biological Proportional Hazards Models Survival Analysis Time Factors
M. T. Shi, J. M., Munoz, A. (1996). Models for residual time to AIDS. Lifetime Data Anal, 2(1), 31-49.
Journal Article
Managing HIV. Part 5: Treating secondary outcomes. 5.4 HIV-induced neurological disease
Med J Aust
1996
1-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8609853
8609853
AIDS Dementia Complex/diagnosis/prevention & control Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use Brain Diseases/virology HIV Infections/*complications/drug therapy Humans Nervous System Diseases/*complications/virology Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/virology Zidovudine/therapeutic use
E. J. B. Wright, B. J., Currie, J. N., McArthur, J. C. (1996). Managing HIV. Part 5: Treating secondary outcomes. 5.4 HIV-induced neurological disease. Med J Aust, 164(7), 414-7.
Journal Article
Statistical models for analysis of longitudinal CD4 data
Models for Infectious Human Diseases: Their Structure and Relation to Data
1996
AIDS analysis CD4 Disease Hiv Human immune suppression longitudinal model statistical statistical models t-cells
Book Section
Seroconversion to antibodies against Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-related latent nuclear antigens before the development of Kaposi's sarcoma
N Engl J Med
1996
25-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8657239
BACKGROUND: If Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the cause of Kaposi's sarcoma, serologic evidence of infection should be present in patients before the disease develops. METHODS: Using an immunoblot assay for two latent nuclear antigens of KSHV, we tested serum samples from homosexual male patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) with and without Kaposi's sarcoma (HIV-infected men with hemophilia), HIV-seronegative blood donors, and HIV-seronegative patients with high titers of antibodies against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Serial serum samples obtained from patients with Kaposi's sarcoma before the diagnosis of the disease were tested for evidence of seroconversion. RESULTS: Of 40 patients with Kaposi's sarcoma, 32 (80 percent) were positive for antibodies against KSHV antigens by the immunoblot assay, as compared with only 7 of 40 homosexual men (18 percent) without Kaposi's sarcoma immediately before the onset of AIDS. Of 122 blood donors, 22 EBV-in
10.1056/NEJM199607253350403
8657239
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications Antibodies, Viral/*blood Antigens, Viral/*immunology HIV Infections/complications HIV Seronegativity Hemophilia A/complications Herpesviridae/*immunology/isolation & purification Humans Immunoblotting Male Nuclear Proteins/*immunology Sarcoma, Kaposi/etiology/*virology Sensitivity and Specificity
S. J. K. Gao, L., Hoover, D. R., Spira, T. J., Rinaldo, C. R., Saah, A., Phair, J., Detels, R., Parry, P., Chang, Y., Moore, P. S. (1996). Seroconversion to antibodies against Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-related latent nuclear antigens before the development of Kaposi's sarcoma. N Engl J Med, 335(4), 233-41.
Journal Article
Influence of combinations of human major histocompatibility complex genes on the course of HIV-1 infection
Nat Med
1996
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8597949
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes (HLA in humans) regulate the immune response to foreign antigens. Molecular and serologic techniques were used to identify products of HLA class I, class II and transporter (TAP) genes (also part of the MHC) in homosexual seroconverters to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Comprehensive statistical analysis produced an HLA profile that predicted time from HIV-1 infection to the onset of AIDS. The profile was developed in a cohort of 139 men and evaluated in a second unrelated cohort of 102 men. In the evaluation cohort, the profile discriminated a sixfold difference between groups with the shortest and longest times to AIDS (P = 0.001). These findings support current theory about control of antigen processing by HLA genes and have implications for immunopathogenesis of HIV-1 and other infections.
10.1038/nm0496-405
8597949
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology Cohort Studies Genetic Linkage HIV Infections/*genetics/immunology/mortality HIV-1/*isolation & purification Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/analysis Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/analysis Humans Major Histocompatibility Complex/*genetics Male Survival Analysis
R. A. C. Kaslow, M., Apple, R., Park, L., Munoz, A., Saah, A. J., Goedert, J. J., Winkler, C., O'Brien, S. J., Rinaldo, C., Detels, R., Blattner, W., Phair, J., Erlich, H., Mann, D. L. (1996). Influence of combinations of human major histocompatibility complex genes on the course of HIV-1 infection. Nat Med, 2(4), 405-11.
Journal Article
KSHV antibodies among Americans, Italians and Ugandans with and without Kaposi's sarcoma
Nat Med
1996
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8705864
A major controversy regarding Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV or HHV8) is whether or not it is a ubiquitous infection of humans. Immunoassays based on KSHV- and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-coinfected cell lines show that most US AIDS-KS patients have specific antibodies to KSHV-related antigens. We have developed a sensitive indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) based on an EBV-negative, KSHV-infected cell line, BCP-1. When we used this IFA assay, KSHV-related antibodies were found in 71-88% of serum samples from US, Italian and Ugandan AIDS-KS patients, as well as all serum samples examined from HIV-seronegative KS patients. Although none of the US blood donors examined were KSHV seropositive by IFA, intermediate and high seroprevalence rates were found in Italian and Ugandan control populations. Antibody kinetics showed that more than half of the AIDS-KS patients who were examined IgG-seroconverted before KS development, and antibody levels did not decline after seroconv
10.1038/nm0896-925
8705864
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/epidemiology/immunology/*virology Antibodies, Viral/*analysis Case-Control Studies Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect Herpesviridae/*immunology Humans Italy/epidemiology Male Sarcoma, Kaposi/epidemiology/immunology/*virology Uganda/epidemiology United States/epidemiology
S. J. K. Gao, L., Li, M., Zheng, W., Parravicini, C., Ziegler, J., Newton, R., Rinaldo, C. R., Saah, A., Phair, J., Detels, R., Chang, Y., Moore, P. S. (1996). KSHV antibodies among Americans, Italians and Ugandans with and without Kaposi's sarcoma. Nat Med, 2(8), 925-8.
Journal Article
The role of a mutant CCR5 allele in HIV-1 transmission and disease progression
Nat Med
1996
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8898752
A 32-nucleotide deletion (delta 32) within the beta-chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) gene has been described in subjects who remain uninfected despite extensive exposure to HIV-1. This allele was found to be common in the Caucasian population with a frequency of 0.0808, but was not found in people of African or Asian ancestry. To determine its role in HIV-1 transmission and disease progression, we analyzed the CCRS genotype of 1252 homosexual men enrolled in the Chicago component of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). No infected participant was found to be homozygous for the delta 32 allele, whereas 3.6% of at-risk but uninfected Caucasian participants were homozygous, showing the highly protective role of this genotype against sexual acquisition of HIV-1. No evidence was found to suggest that heterozygotes were protected against HIV-1 infection, but a limited protective role against disease progression was noted. The delta 32 allele of CCR5 is therefore an important host factor in H
10.1038/nm1196-1240
8898752
Alleles Disease Progression Genotype HIV Infections/*genetics *hiv-1 Humans Receptors, CCR5 Receptors, Cytokine/*genetics Receptors, HIV/*genetics Risk Factors *Sequence Deletion Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral/genetics
Y. P. Huang, W. A., Wolinsky, S. M., Neumann, A. U., Zhang, L., He, T., Kang, S., Ceradini, D., Jin, Z., Yazdanbakhsh, K., Kunstman, K., Erickson, D., Dragon, E., Landau, N. R., Phair, J., Ho, D. D., Koup, R. A. (1996). The role of a mutant CCR5 allele in HIV-1 transmission and disease progression. Nat Med, 2(11), 1240-3.
Journal Article
Neuroepidemiology of HIV infection
Neurol Clin
1996
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8827177
There are a variety of HIV-related neurologic complications that have numerous causes. HIV-related neurologic illnesses are specific to the stage of HIV infection, although the greatest burden of neurologic disease and the most disabling syndromes occur in the more advanced stages. As the number of HIV-infected persons continues to increase worldwide and as antiretroviral and other anti-infective therapies improve patient survival in the advanced stages of HIV infection, the burden of neurologic disease will continue to increase.
10.1016/s0733-8619(05)70262-0
8827177
AIDS Dementia Complex/epidemiology AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/complications/epidemiology Adolescent Adult Age Distribution Antiviral Agents/adverse effects Child Disease Progression Female Global Health HIV Infections/complications/*epidemiology/transmission Humans Incidence Infant, Newborn Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/epidemiology/etiology Male Nervous System Diseases/*epidemiology/etiology Neuromuscular Diseases/complications/epidemiology/etiology Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic/complications/epidemiology/etiology Prevalence Risk Factors Sex Distribution
G. J. M. Dal Pan, J. C. (1996). Neuroepidemiology of HIV infection. Neurol Clin, 14(2), 359-82.
Journal Article
Multiple recurrences of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in women with the human immunodeficiency virus
Obstet Gynecol
1996
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8598951
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term outcomes after treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). METHODS: Human immunodeficiency virus-infected and HIV-negative women treated for CIN by ablation or excision were followed-up prospectively by cytology and colposcopy for periods of up to 73 months. RESULTS: Among 127 HIV-infected CIN patients, 62% developed recurrent CIN by 36 months after treatment, compared with 18% of the 193 HIV-negative CIN patients. Recurrence rates reached 87% in 41 HIV-infected women with CD4 counts less than 200 cells/mm3. Progression to higher-grade neoplasia, including one invasive cancer, occurred by 36 months in 25% of HIV-infected and 2% of HIV-negative women. After adjusting for age, CIN severity, and treatment type, predictors of recurrence included HIV infection (rate ratio 4.4), and, in HIV-positive women, low CD4 count (rate ratio 2.2). In patients treated by excision, predictors of
10.1016/0029-7844(95)00408-4
8598951
Adult Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia/*complications/surgery/virology Colposcopy Female HIV Infections/*complications Humans Neoplasm Recurrence, Local Prospective Studies Time Factors Treatment Outcome Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/*complications/surgery/virology
R. G. M. Fruchter, M., Sedlis, A., Bartley, L., Camilien, L., Arrastia, C. D. (1996). Multiple recurrences of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in women with the human immunodeficiency virus. Obstet Gynecol, 87(3), 338-44.
Journal Article
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes and viral turnover in HIV type 1 infection
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
1996
24-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8986810
To understand the role of the immune system in limiting HIV type 1 replication, it is critical to know to what extent the rapid turnover of productively infected cells is caused by viral cytopathicity or by immune-mediated lysis. We show that uncultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells of many patients contain cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) that lyse target cells-at plausible peripheral blood mononuclear cell-to-target ratios-with half-lives of less than 1 day. In 23 patients with CD4 counts ranging from 10 to 900 per microliter, the average rate of CTL-mediated lysis corresponds to a target cell half-life of 0.7 day. We develop mathematical models to calculate the turnover rate of infected cells subjected to immune-mediated lysis and viral cytopathicity and to estimate the fraction of cells that are killed by CTL as opposed to virus. The models provide new interpretations of drug treatment dynamics and explain why the observed rate of virus decline is roughly constant for different p
10.1073/pnas.93.26.15323
8986810
PMC26403
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy/*immunology Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use *Cytotoxicity, Immunologic HIV-1/*physiology Humans *Models, Immunological T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*immunology/*virology *Virus Replication
P. P. Klenerman, R. E., Rinaldo, C. R., Wahl, L. M., Ogg, G., May, R. M., McMichael, A. J., Nowak, M. A. (1996). Cytotoxic T lymphocytes and viral turnover in HIV type 1 infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 93(26), 15323-8. PMC26403
Journal Article
Accelerated course of human immunodeficiency virus infection in gay men who conceal their homosexual identity
Psychosom Med
1996
May-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8771621
Research linking psychological inhibition to physical illness led us to examine whether human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection might progress more rapidly among gay men who conceal their homosexual identity than among those who do not. We also sought to determine whether any accelerated course of HIV infection among "closeted" gay men might be attributable to differences in health-relevant behavior (e.g., health practices, sexual behavior) or psychosocial characteristics (e.g., depression, anxiety, social support, repressive coping style). Data came from a longitudinal psychosocial study associated with the Los Angeles site of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Eighty gay men, HIV-seropositive but otherwise healthy at study entry (CD4 T lymphocytes = 30-60% of total lymphocytes), were examined at 6-month intervals for 9 years. Indicators of HIV progression included time to a critically low CD4 T lymphocyte level (15% of total peripheral blood lymphocytes), time to AIDS diagnosis,
10.1097/00006842-199605000-00005
8771621
Adaptation, Psychological/physiology Adult Anxiety/immunology Databases, Factual Depression/immunology Disease Progression HIV Infections/*epidemiology/immunology/*psychology Health Behavior Homosexuality, Male/*psychology/statistics & numerical data Humans Inhibition, Psychological Los Angeles/epidemiology Male Middle Aged Regression Analysis Retrospective Studies *Self Disclosure Social Support
S. W. K. Cole, M. E., Taylor, S. E., Visscher, B. R., Fahey, J. L. (1996). Accelerated course of human immunodeficiency virus infection in gay men who conceal their homosexual identity. Psychosom Med, 58(3), 219-31.
Journal Article
Health-related quality of life of HIV-infected women: evidence for the reliability, validity and responsiveness of the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 20
Qual Life Res
1996
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8901366
The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability, validity and responsiveness of a health-related quality of life (HRQOL) instrument, the Medical Outcomes Short-Form 20-Item General Health Survey (MOS SF-20), in a sample of women with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Longitudinal data were collected on 202 HIV-infected women without AIDS who were receiving care at Kings County Hospital or SUNY Health Sciences Center, Brooklyn, New York. Internal consistency results showed acceptable reliability for the four multi-item MOS scales (role function, physical function, general health perceptions and mental health). Symptomatic patients and patients with lower Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) ratings reported lower HRQOL than those who were asymptomatic or who had higher KPS scores. Patients who were older, unemployed or who had a history of injection drug use (IDU) also reported lower HRQOL than those who were younger, employed or who had no drug use history. Adjusted mean sc
10.1007/BF00435968
8901366
Adult Female HIV Infections/complications/*psychology *Health Surveys Humans Longitudinal Studies New York *Psychometrics *Quality of Life Reproducibility of Results
M. Y. F. Smith, J., Kelly, P., DeHovitz, J. A., Chirgwin, K., Minkoff, H. (1996). Health-related quality of life of HIV-infected women: evidence for the reliability, validity and responsiveness of the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 20. Qual Life Res, 5(1), 47-55.
Journal Article
Immunologic NO synthase: elevation in severe AIDS dementia and induction by HIV-1 gp41
Science
1996
13-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8943206
Indirect mechanisms are implicated in the pathogenesis of the dementia associated with human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Proinflammatory molecules such as tumor necrosis factor alpha and eicosanoids are elevated in the central nervous system of patients with HIV-1-related dementia. Nitric oxide (NO) is a potential mediator of neuronal injury, because cytokines may activate the immunologic (type II) isoform of NO synthase (iNOS). The levels of iNOS in severe HIV-1-associated dementia coincided with increased expression of the HIV-1 coat protein gp41. Furthermore, gp41 induced iNOS in primary cultures of mixed rat neuronal and glial cells and killed neurons through a NO-dependent mechanism. Thus, gp41-induced NO formation may contribute to the severe cognitive dysfunction associated with HIV-1 infection.
10.1126/science.274.5294.1917
8943206
AIDS Dementia Complex/*enzymology/metabolism Animals Brain/*enzymology/metabolism Cell Death Cells, Cultured Cerebral Cortex/enzymology/metabolism Enzyme Induction HIV Envelope Protein gp120/metabolism/pharmacology HIV Envelope Protein gp41/*metabolism/pharmacology *hiv-1 Humans Neuroglia/cytology Neurons/cytology Nitric Oxide/metabolism Nitric Oxide Synthase/*biosynthesis/genetics Polymerase Chain Reaction Rats
D. C. W. Adamson, B., Sasaki, M., Glass, J. D., McArthur, J. C., Christov, V. I., Dawson, T. M., Dawson, V. L. (1996). Immunologic NO synthase: elevation in severe AIDS dementia and induction by HIV-1 gp41. Science, 274(5294), 1917-21.
Journal Article
Prognosis in HIV-1 infection predicted by the quantity of virus in plasma
Science
1996
24-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8638160
The relation between viremia and clinical outcome in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) has important implications for therapeutic research and clinical care. HIV-1 RNA in plasma was quantified with a branched-DNA signal amplification assay as a measure of viral load in a cohort of 180 seropositive men studied for more than 10 years. The risk of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and death in study subjects, including those with normal numbers of CD4+ T cells, was directly related to plasma viral load at study entry. Plasma viral load was a better predictor of progression to AIDS and death than was the number of CD4+ T cells.
10.1126/science.272.5265.1167
8638160
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*virology Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use Biomarkers/blood CD4 Lymphocyte Count CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/virology Cohort Studies Disease Progression Follow-Up Studies HIV Infections/drug therapy/mortality/*virology HIV-1/genetics/*physiology Humans Male Prognosis Proportional Hazards Models RNA, Viral/*blood Survival Rate Time Factors Viremia/*virology Virus Replication
J. W. R. Mellors, C. R., Jr., Gupta, P., White, R. M., Todd, J. A., Kingsley, L. A. (1996). Prognosis in HIV-1 infection predicted by the quantity of virus in plasma. Science, 272(5265), 1167-70.
Journal Article
Genetic restriction of HIV-1 infection and progression to AIDS by a deletion allele of the CKR5 structural gene. Hemophilia Growth and Development Study, Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, Multicenter Hemophilia Cohort Study, San Francisco City Cohort, ALIVE Study
Science
1996
27-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8791590
The chemokine receptor 5 (CKR5) protein serves as a secondary receptor on CD4(+) T lymphocytes for certain strains of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1). The CKR5 structural gene was mapped to human chromosome 3p21, and a 32-base pair deletion allele (CKR5Delta32) was identified that is present at a frequency of approximately0.10 in the Caucasian population of the United States. An examination of 1955 patients included among six well-characterized acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cohort studies revealed that 17 deletion homozygotes occurred exclusively among 612 exposed HIV-1 antibody-negative individuals (2.8 percent) and not at all in 1343 HIV-1-infected individuals. The frequency of CKR5 deletion heterozygotes was significantly elevated in groups of individuals that had survived HIV-1 infection for more than 10 years, and, in some risk groups, twice as frequent as their occurrence in rapid progressors to AIDS. Survival analysis clearly shows that disease progressio
10.1126/science.273.5283.1856
8791590
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*genetics/immunology/physiopathology/virology Base Sequence Chromosome Mapping Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3 Cohort Studies Disease Progression Genes HIV Infections/*genetics/immunology/physiopathology/virology *hiv-1 Hemophilia A/complications Heterozygote Homosexuality, Male Homozygote Humans Immunity, Innate/genetics Male Molecular Sequence Data Receptors, CCR5 Receptors, Cytokine/*genetics Receptors, HIV/*genetics Risk Factors *Sequence Deletion Survival Analysis
M. C. Dean, M., Winkler, C., Huttley, G. A., Smith, M. W., Allikmets, R., Goedert, J. J., Buchbinder, S. P., Vittinghoff, E., Gomperts, E., Donfield, S., Vlahov, D., Kaslow, R., Saah, A., Rinaldo, C., Detels, R., O'Brien, S. J. (1996). Genetic restriction of HIV-1 infection and progression to AIDS by a deletion allele of the CKR5 structural gene. Hemophilia Growth and Development Study, Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, Multicenter Hemophilia Cohort Study, San Francisco City Cohort, ALIVE Study. Science, 273(5283), 1856-62.
Journal Article
Adaptive evolution of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 during the natural course of infection
Science
1996
26-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8614801
The rate of progression to disease varies considerably among individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1). Analyses of semiannual blood samples obtained from six infected men showed that a rapid rate of CD4 T cell loss was associated with relative evolutionary stasis of the HIV-1 quasispecies virus population. More moderate rates of CD4 T cell loss correlated with genetic evolution within three of four subjects. Consistent with selection by the immune constraints of these subjects, amino acid changes were apparent within the appropriate epitopes of human leukocyte antigen class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Thus, the evolutionary dynamics exhibited by the HIV-1 quasispecies virus populations under natural selection are compatible with adaptive evolution.
10.1126/science.272.5261.537
8614801
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology/virology Amino Acid Sequence Animals *Antigenic Variation Base Sequence Biological Evolution CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Disease Progression HIV Antibodies/immunology HIV Antigens/immunology HIV Infections/*immunology/*virology HIV-1/*genetics/immunology/pathogenicity/physiology Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/immunology Humans Male Mice Mice, SCID Molecular Sequence Data Mutation Phenotype RNA, Viral/blood T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*immunology Virulence Virus Replication
S. M. K. Wolinsky, B. T., Neumann, A. U., Daniels, M., Kunstman, K. J., Whetsell, A. J., Furtado, M. R., Cao, Y., Ho, D. D., Safrit, J. T. (1996). Adaptive evolution of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 during the natural course of infection. Science, 272(5261), 537-42.
Journal Article
Sexual adventurism, high-risk behavior, and human immunodeficiency virus-1 seroconversion among the Chicago MACS-CCS cohort, 1984 to 1992. A case-control study
Sex Transm Dis
1996
Nov-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8946628
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To predict incident human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 seroconversions among a cohort of gay and bisexual men based on recalled sexual behavior, drug use, partnership status, and an index of sexual adventurism/risk-seeking attitudes. STUDY DESIGN: A nested case-control design was used in a retrospective study spanning a 9-year period. RESULTS: Sexual adventurism was an important predictor of HIV-1 infection. The partial risk ratio for our 100-point adventurism scale indicated a marginal rate of increase in seroconversion risk of 4% (odds ratio = 1.04; 95% confidence interval = 1.02 to 1.06), with almost 79% of seroconverters scoring above the median on the index. As expected, partner status, drug use, and unprotected receptive anal (RA) intercourse were associated with seroconversion. However, multivariate results indicated that men using condoms consistently in RA sex were also at higher risk for infection (odds ratio = 2.68; 95% confidence interval = 1.04
10.1097/00007435-199611000-00003
8946628
Adult Analysis of Variance Case-Control Studies Chicago/epidemiology Condoms HIV Infections/prevention & control HIV Seropositivity/*epidemiology/psychology *hiv-1 *Homosexuality, Male Humans Incidence Likelihood Functions Male Matched-Pair Analysis Multivariate Analysis Odds Ratio Retrospective Studies Risk Factors *Risk-Taking *Sexual Behavior Sexual Partners Substance-Related Disorders/complications
W. O. Difranceisco, D. G., Chmiel, J. S. (1996). Sexual adventurism, high-risk behavior, and human immunodeficiency virus-1 seroconversion among the Chicago MACS-CCS cohort, 1984 to 1992. A case-control study. Sex Transm Dis, 23(6), 453-60.
Journal Article
Depressive symptoms over the course of HIV infection before AIDS
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol
1996
Jun-96
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8766469
The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence and course of depressive symptoms before AIDS in HIV-infected homosexual men. A descriptive and comparative analysis of data from HIV-infected and - uninfected homosexual men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study was performed. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES- D) was the primary measure of depressive symptoms. The prevalence of depressive symptoms and CES-D caseness estimates in the AIDS-free HIV- infected homosexual men were stable over time. Small differences between HIV seropositive and seronegative men were detected on the CES- D and on three of its subscales. These were mostly accounted for by less hope, and by more fearfulness, insomnia, and anorexia in the seropositive cohort. We concluded that there does not appear to be an overall increase in depressive symptoms in HIV-infected homosexual men from the time of infection until prior to AIDS. However, this group of men consistently report specifi
10.1007/BF00785770
8766469
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Adult AIDS analysis Baltimore clinical cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Comparative Study Depression Depressive Disorder Hiv HIV infection HIV Seropositivity homosexual homosexual men Homosexuality,Male Human infection Male Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Prevalence psychology seropositive study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S.
C. G. H. Lyketsos, D.R., Guccione, M., Dew, M.A., Wesch, J., Bing, E.G., Treisman, G.J. (1996). Depressive symptoms over the course of HIV infection before AIDS. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 31(4-Mar), 212-219.
Journal Article
Models for the incubation of AIDS and variations according to age and period
Stat Med
1996
Nov 15-30
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8931213
The objective of the methods proposed is to provide a parametric model for the incubation of AIDS and to use the chosen parameterization to test for the effect of age at seroconversion, and, after adjusting for markers of immunosuppression, to assess variations in periods corresponding to different levels of use of AIDS therapies at the population level. We compared the fit of Weibull, log-normal and three-parameter logistic models incorporating truncation in prevalent cohort and interval censored data. We showed the advantages by restricting the analysis to follow-up durations of greater than five years to improve estimation of the tail of the distribution for the prediction of long-term survivors. We applied the proposed methods to the combination of 1649 seroprevalent and 476 seroconverters with 1022 and 177 AIDS cases, respectively, who have been followed in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) up to April 1995. Differences according to age at seroconversion are quantified in t
10.1002/(sici)1097-0258(19961130)15:22<2459::aid-sim464>3.0.co;2-q
8931213
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*physiopathology/therapy Age Factors Confidence Intervals HIV Seropositivity Humans Logistic Models *Models, Statistical Multicenter Studies as Topic Survivors Time Factors
A. X. Munoz, J. (1996). Models for the incubation of AIDS and variations according to age and period. Stat Med, 15(21-22), 2459-73.
Journal Article
Using multiple decrement models to estimate risk and morbidity from specific AIDS illnesses. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS)
Stat Med
1996
11/15/1996
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8931203
A simple non-parametric approach is developed to simultaneously estimate net incidence and morbidity time from specific AIDS illnesses in populations at high risk for death from these illnesses and other causes. The disease-death process has four-stages that can be recast as two sandwiching three-state multiple decrement processes. Non- parametric estimation of net incidence and morbidity time with error bounds are achieved from these sandwiching models through modification of methods from Aalen and Greenwood, and bootstrapping. An application to immunosuppressed HIV-1 infected homosexual men reveals that cytomegalovirus disease, Kaposi's sarcoma and Pneumocystis pneumonia are likely to occur and cause significant morbidity time
10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19961115)15:21<2307::AID-SIM450>3.0.CO;2-I
8931203
AIDS AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections Baltimore cohort Cohort Studies cohort study complications Cytomegalovirus Cytomegalovirus Infections Disease epidemiology Hiv-1 homosexual homosexual men Human Incidence MACS Male methods model Models,Statistical Morbidity Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Multicenter Studies pneumonia Pneumonia,Pneumocystis carinii population Risk Risk Factors Sarcoma,Kaposi Statistics,Nonparametric study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. Time Factors
D. R. P. Hoover, Y., Saah, A.J., Detels, R.R., Day, R.S., Phair, J.P. (1996). Using multiple decrement models to estimate risk and morbidity from specific AIDS illnesses. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Stat Med, 15(21-22), 2307-2321.
Journal Article
A bivariate parametric model for survival and intermediate event times
Stat Med
1996
15-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8804146
In diseases such as acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), there is great interest in describing the frequency of secondary diagnoses that occur during the course of the disease and their effect on survival. Casting this situation in a more general framework, one distinguishes a terminal event (TE) and an intermediate event (IE) that may or may not occur. In epidemiologic applications the TE is usually death. Earlier studies of IE and TE times have used the latter to censor the IE time for individuals who do not present it. For such cases, we argue that more appropriately the TE removes the individual from the risk set for the IE. With this view, one distinguishes observations of four types, each with a different formula for its likelihood contribution. We propose an approach that uses separate parametric models for the marginal distribution of the survival time D and for the conditional distribution of the time R to the IE given D = d and R < or = D. A central quantity is the pro
10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19960615)15:11<1171::AID-SIM230>3.0.CO;2-8
8804146
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications/mortality Confidence Intervals Epidemiologic Methods Humans Likelihood Functions Male *Models, Statistical Proportional Hazards Models Sarcoma, Kaposi/etiology/mortality *Survival Analysis
L. D. M. Epstein, A. (1996). A bivariate parametric model for survival and intermediate event times. Stat Med, 15(11), 1171-85.
Journal Article
Bayesian imputation of predictive values when covariate information is available and gold standard diagnosis is unavailable
Stat Med
1996
15-Mar
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8668872/
We suggest a conceptually simple Bayesian approach to inferences about the conditional probability of a specimen being infection-free given the outcome of a diagnostic test and covariate information. The approach assumes that the infection state of a specimen is not observable but uses the outcomes of a second test in conjunction with those of the first, that is, dual testing data. Dual testing procedures are often employed in clinical laboratories to assure that positive samples are not contaminated or to increase the likelihood of correct diagnoses. Using the CD4 count and a proxy for risk behaviour as covariates, we apply the method to obtain inferences about the conditional probability of an individual being HIV-1 infection-free given the individual's covariates and a negative outcome with the standard enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay/Western blotting test for HIV-1 detection. Inferences combine data from two studies where specimens were tested with the standard and with the mor
10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19960315)15:5<463::AID-SIM177>3.0.CO;2-0
8668872
Algorithms Baltimore Bayes Theorem Blotting,Western CD4 CD4 Lymphocyte Count diagnosis HIV Infections Hiv-1 Human infection information isolation & purification Laboratories Mathematical Computing Models,Statistical Monte Carlo Method Polymerase Chain Reaction Predictive Value of Tests Risk Serologic Tests study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S.
L. D. M. Epstein, A., He, D. (1996). Bayesian imputation of predictive values when covariate information is available and gold standard diagnosis is unavailable. Stat Med, 15(5), 463-476.
Journal Article
Parametric models to assess tracking of categorical high-risk sexual behaviour for HIV infection
Stat Med
1996
Nov 15-30
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8931204
Prevalence and tracking (within-individual correlation) of high-risk behaviour measured in longitudinal studies provide a complementary description of how behaviour is maintained over time. Without tracking, when population prevalences are approximately constant over time, the steadiness of the aggregate pattern is likely to mask the dynamic changes of the response occurring on an individual level. In this paper, a parametric model is proposed for the estimation of these features when the observed response is a time-stationary categorical measurement. The model extends the standard Dirichlet-multinomial model in the spirit of Prentice (1986, JASA) by allowing both negative and positive correlation among repeated categorical measurements. In addition, both the marginal category probabilities and the tracking can be modelled as a function of individual-level covariates. Details regarding likelihood based estimation and inference are provided and illustrated with data from the Multicenter
10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19961115)15:21<2323::AID-SIM451>3.0.CO;2-P
8931204
Cohort Studies *HIV Infections Humans Likelihood Functions Longitudinal Studies *Models, Statistical Multicenter Studies as Topic *Population Surveillance Prevalence Risk-Taking Sexual Behavior/*statistics & numerical data
S. J. J. Gange, L. P., Munoz, A. (1996). Parametric models to assess tracking of categorical high-risk sexual behaviour for HIV infection. Stat Med, 15(21-22), 2323-36; discussion 2337-40.
Journal Article
Oral hairy leukoplakia after a decade
1995
Report
Diagnosis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy by stereotactic brain biopsy utilizing immunohistochemistry and the polymerase chain reaction
Acta Cytol
1995
Jan-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7847007
This report describes the diagnosis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in nine patients using cytopathologic and histopathologic examination of computed tomographically guided stereotactic brain biopsies in combination with immunostaining for SV-40-related antigen and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the JC virus. In four patients the diagnosis of PML was based on the microscopic appearance of the biopsies and immunostaining for SV-40-related antigen. In one of these patients the diagnosis was also supported by PCR for the JC virus. In two patients whose biopsies were only suggestive of PML, a definitive diagnosis was possible utilizing immunohistochemistry and PCR. In another case the histopathologic features were atypical of PML, and the diagnosis was established with immunostaining and PCR. The diagnosis of PML was established by PCR alone in two patients whose biopsies showed only suggestive or nonspecific findings. We conclude that the accuracy of stereotac
7847007
Adult Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming/analysis Base Sequence Biopsy/methods Brain/diagnostic imaging/*pathology DNA, Viral/analysis/genetics Genome, Viral HIV Infections/complications Humans Immunohistochemistry JC Virus/genetics Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal/complications/*diagnosis/*pathology Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Middle Aged Molecular Sequence Data Oligonucleotide Probes/analysis/chemistry/genetics Polymerase Chain Reaction Tomography, X-Ray Computed
S. A. A. Silver, R. R., Erozan, Y. S., Sherman, M. E., McArthur, J. C., Uematsu, S. (1995). Diagnosis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy by stereotactic brain biopsy utilizing immunohistochemistry and the polymerase chain reaction. Acta Cytol, 39(1), 35-44.
Journal Article
Long-term survival without clinical AIDS after CD4+ cell counts fall below 200 x 106/L
AIDS
1995
Feb-95
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7718184
OBJECTIVE: Quantify and study cofactors of long-term survival without AIDS in HIV-1-infected individuals with CD4+ cell counts < 200 x 10(6)/l. DESIGN: Comparison of 579 participants who could be longitudinally evaluated for at least 3 years after the earliest date of first reaching a CD4+ cell count < 200 x 10(6)/l or an AIDS-defining illness (1987 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention definition). SETTING: Ongoing 9-year cohort study with data collected at 6-month intervals. PATIENTS: HIV-1-infected homosexual men. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Of the men, 20% did not develop an AIDS illness within 3 years following a confirmed CD4+ cell count < 200 x 10(6)/l; 29 and 28% were diagnosed with a first clinical AIDS illness from 1-3 and < 1 years, respectively, beyond their first CD4+ cell count < 200 x 10(6)/l; 23% were diagnosed with a clinical AIDS illness prior to their first CD4+ cell count < 200 x 10(6)/l. Slower decline of CD4+ cell count (P < 0.001) and presence of higher b
7718184
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Adult AIDS Baltimore blood Body Mass Index Body Weight CD4 Lymphocyte Count CD4+ Cell Count clinical cofactors cohort Cohort Studies cohort study control Disease epidemiology HIV Infections Hiv-1 homosexual homosexual men Human Male measurement mortality pathogenicity physiopathology pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. Survivors t cell t-cells therapies therapy United States virology
D. R. R. Hoover, C., He, Y., Phair, J., Fahey, J., Graham, N.M.H. (1995). Long-term survival without clinical AIDS after CD4+ cell counts fall below 200 x 106/L. AIDS, 9(2), 145-152.
Journal Article
Use of cohort studies for evaluating AIDS therapies
AIDS Clinical Trials
1995
AIDS AIDS clinical trials behavior clinical clinical symptoms clinical trial Clinical Trials cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Health Services high-risk Hiv MACS medication use neuropsychological profile study therapies therapy trial
Book Section
Anti-HIV type 1 cytotoxic T lymphocyte effector activity and disease progression in the first 8 years of HIV type 1 infection of homosexual men
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
1995
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7632463
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) may play an important role in host defense against HIV-1 infection. In this study, we examined the responses of circulating effector CTL (CTLe) specific for Gag, Pol, Env, and Tat in 57 HIV-1-infected men, 49 of whom were asymptomatic and had documented time since seroconversion of < 8 years. CTLe responses to at least one of the four HIV-1 gene products were detected in 83% of the subjects. The magnitude and prevalence of the anti-Tat responses were significantly less than the responses to Gag, Pol, and Env. Cell depletion studies indicated that the lytic activity against the HIV-1 structural proteins was mediated by CD8+ T cells, although 30% of Env-specific lysis was mediated by CD16+ natural killer cells. Anti-HIV-1 CTLe responses against Gag and Pol were significantly less in subjects infected for over 6 years as compared to those infected for shorter periods of time. We found no correlation, however, between anti-HIV-1 CTLe responses and either CD4+
10.1089/aid.1995.11.481
7632463
Adult CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology Gene Products, env/immunology Gene Products, gag/immunology Gene Products, pol/immunology Gene Products, tat/immunology HIV Infections/blood/*immunology/virology HIV-1/*immunology/isolation & purification Homosexuality, Male Humans Killer Cells, Natural/immunology Lymphocyte Count Male Middle Aged T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*immunology Time Factors tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
C. R. Rinaldo, Jr., Beltz, L. A., Huang, X. L., Gupta, P., Fan, Z., Torpey, D. J., 3rd (1995). Anti-HIV type 1 cytotoxic T lymphocyte effector activity and disease progression in the first 8 years of HIV type 1 infection of homosexual men. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 11(4), 481-9.
Journal Article
Sequential determination of viral load and phenotype in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
1995
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7734193
Detailed studies of HIV viral load and phenotype were performed on sequentially cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from eight infected individuals followed in the Los Angeles Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Three individuals remained clinically and immunologically stable over a 5- to 8-year period, three demonstrated precipitous and two gradual declines in CD4+ T lymphocytes. Viral load in PBMCs was quantitated by limiting dilution culture and DNA PCR, while minimally passaged viral isolates were studied for their ability to induce syncytium formation in vitro and, when relevant, sensitivity to zidovudine (ZDV). Viral burden remained relatively low in those who remained clinically and immunologically stable, while increasing substantially in all five individuals who experienced a decline in CD4+ T lymphocytes. Two subjects were noted to have a switch from non-syncytium-inducing (NSI) to syncytium-inducing (SI) isolates immediately preceding a precipitous decline in
10.1089/aid.1995.11.3
7734193
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/blood/*virology Cohort Studies DNA, Viral/*analysis HIV-1/drug effects/*isolation & purification Humans Leukocytes, Mononuclear/*virology Los Angeles Male Retrospective Studies Virus Replication Zidovudine/pharmacology
E. S. C. Daar, T., Zhao, J. Q., Krogstad, P., Chen, I. S., Zack, J. A. (1995). Sequential determination of viral load and phenotype in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 11(1), 9-Mar.
Journal Article
Alcohol consumption as a cofactor in the progression of HIV infection and AIDS
Alcohol
1995
Nov-95
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8590617
Alcohol consumption as a cofactor in the progression of HIV infection was examined in 1,446 homosexual and bisexual HIV + men enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study who had a minimum of three visits. Two measures of drinking were employed: initial level, and pattern during the study period. Outcome measures included AIDS-related symptoms and AIDS diagnosis. Level of drinking at entry to the study was not significantly associated with either AIDS-related symptoms at final visit or with AIDS diagnosis. However, men who decreased drinking were more likely to report thrush, fatigue, weight loss, and diarrhea at their final visit. Most likely, these men decreased drinking as a result of failing health, not because their drinking pattern influenced symptom onset. These data support earlier reports that found no relationship between alcohol consumption and progression to AIDS
10.1016/0741-8329(95)00042-9
8590617
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Adult AIDS AIDS-related alcohol Alcohol Drinking CD4 Lymphocyte Count clinical cohort Cohort Studies cohort study diagnosis Diarrhea Disease Progression epidemiology Fatigue Hiv HIV infection HIV Infections homosexual Human infection Male Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Multicenter Studies outcome physiopathology Pittsburgh progression psychology study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. United States Weight Loss
L. D. Penkower, M.A., Kingsley, L., Zhou, S.Y.J., Lyketsos, C.G., Wesch, J., Senterfitt, J.W., Hoover, D.R., Becker, J.T. (1995). Alcohol consumption as a cofactor in the progression of HIV infection and AIDS. Alcohol, 12(6), 547-552.
Journal Article
A case-control study of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 seroconversion and risk-related behaviors in the Chicago MACS/CCS Cohort, 1984-1992. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Coping and Change Study
Am J Epidemiol
1995
15-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7572964
This paper focuses on 76 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) seroconverters who concurrently participated in the Chicago, Illinois, component of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) and the Coping and Change Study (CCS) of homosexual/bisexual men between 1984 and 1992. A nested case-control analysis was performed to assess the critical behavioral risk factors associated with incident HIV-1 infection and the consistency of these relations in early (1984-1988) versus later (1989-1992) phases of the study. Univariate results revealed strong early period associations between seroconversion and various measures of receptive anal intercourse (RAI) that became considerably weaker in the study's later period. The weaker associations reflected the overall decline in levels of RAI among the cohort during the 9 years of observation. In contrast, univariate results revealed stronger later period associations between seroconversion and measures of receptive oral intercourse and insertiv
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117727
7572964
Analysis of Variance *Bisexuality Case-Control Studies Chicago/epidemiology Cohort Studies HIV Seropositivity/blood/psychology/*transmission *HIV-1/immunology Health Behavior *Homosexuality, Male Humans Logistic Models Male Risk Factors
D. G. D. Ostrow, W. J., Chmiel, J. S., Wagstaff, D. A., Wesch, J. (1995). A case-control study of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 seroconversion and risk-related behaviors in the Chicago MACS/CCS Cohort, 1984-1992. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Coping and Change Study. Am J Epidemiol, 142(8), 875-83.
Journal Article
The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study: retention after 9 1/2 years
Am J Epidemiol
1995
1-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7631636
In a longitudinal, multicenter study of 4,954 men at risk for human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, data from the first 9.5 years of follow-up (April 1984 through September 1993) were used to determine differences between those who remained in the study and those who dropped out. Demographic variables (age, race, education, employment, and study center), health status (human immunodeficiency virus type 1 serostatus and depression), and behavioral characteristics (alcohol drinking, drug use, and anal-receptive intercourse) were analyzed. Strategies for promoting retention included having frequent contact with participants, generating trust, keeping participants well-informed, utilizing multiple resources for follow-up, and providing flexible methods of participation. After 9.5 years of follow-up, vital status was known for 4,385 (88.5%) of the participants. Results from multiple logistic regression showed that race, age, education, and smoking we
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117638
7631636
*Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Adult Age Factors *Cohort Studies Continental Population Groups Educational Status Epidemiologic Methods Humans Logistic Models Longitudinal Studies Male *Patient Dropouts Sexual Behavior Smoking United States
J. J. Dudley, S., Hoover, D., Metz, S., Thackeray, R., Chmiel, J. (1995). The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study: retention after 9 1/2 years. Am J Epidemiol, 142(3), 323-30.
Journal Article
CD4+ T-cell number at the time of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Am J Epidemiol
1995
4/1/1995
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7702039
In this article, the authors adapt and extend the methodology of Phillips (Phillips et al. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1992;5:148-52) to estimate the distribution of CD4+ T-cell number at the time of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and to estimate the correlation between CD4+ T-cell number at AIDS and CD4+ T-cell number prior to human immunodeficiency virus infection. Using data from the Los Angeles portion of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, the authors find that the median CD4+ T-cell count at the time of AIDS is 67 cells/mm3 with a 95% confidence interval of 58-84. The 5th and 95th percentiles of the distribution are 8 and 284, respectively. The authors estimate the correlation between the CD4+ T-cell number at the time of AIDS and the CD4+ T-cell number prior to human immunodeficiency virus infection to be 0.71 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.21-0.94. This very high correlation is suggestive of biologic hypotheses concerning possible control of the circulating CD4+
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117480
7702039
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome AIDS blood CD4+ CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Confidence Intervals control Human human immunodeficiency virus immune immunodeficiency infection Los Angeles Lymphocyte Count Male Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Multicenter Studies Regression Analysis study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. Survival Analysis t cell Time Factors United States virus
J. M. G. S. Taylor, J.P., Visscher, B., Giorgi, J.V. (1995). CD4+ T-cell number at the time of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Am J Epidemiol, 141(7), 645-651.
Journal Article
Evaluation of secular trends in CD4+ lymphocyte loss among human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected men with known dates of seroconversion
Am J Epidemiol
1995
9/15/1995
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7653474
The rate at which immunodeficiency develops in untreated human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV-1)-infected persons might be increasing or decreasing over time because of viral evolution or other factors. Beginning in 1984, Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study investigators recruited HIV-1-seronegative homosexual/bisexual men from four US metropolitan areas and examined them semiannually for HIV-1 seroconversion. To assess possible secular changes in the natural history of HIV-1 infection, the authors examined CD4+ lymphocyte data from 354 men who seroconverted between 1984 and 1991. To control for measurement differences among centers and over time, the authors adjusted CD4+ lymphocyte values to those of persistently seronegative participants. CD4+ lymphocyte percentage measurements at the first seropositive visit formed a U-shaped pattern, with the lowest values observed in 1988 and 1989. The authors observed no consistent secular pattern of CD4+ percentages at later visit dates, except th
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117687
7653474
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Adult AIDS Analysis of Variance Bisexuality cancer CD4 Lymphocyte Count CD4+ cohort Cohort Studies cohort study control epidemiology etiology evaluation HIV Seropositivity Hiv-1 HIV-1 infection Homosexuality,Male Human human immunodeficiency virus immunodeficiency immunology infection Linear Models lymphocyte Lymphocyte Count Male measurement model Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Multicenter Studies natural history population Predictive Value of Tests Proportional Hazards Models seroconversion seropositive study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. Time Factors trends United States virus
T. R. H. O'Brien, D.R., Rosenberg, P.S., Chen, B., Detels, R., Kingsley, L.A., Phair, J., Saah, A.J. (1995). Evaluation of secular trends in CD4+ lymphocyte loss among human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected men with known dates of seroconversion. Am J Epidemiol, 142(6), 636-642.
Journal Article
Magnetic resonance imaging measurement of gray matter volume reductions in HIV dementia
Am J Psychiatry
1995
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7793469
OBJECTIVE: The authors recently reported smaller basal ganglia volumes for patients with HIV-associated dementia than for HIV-infected patients without dementia and a seronegative comparison group. The purpose of the current study was to determine whether HIV dementia is associated with volume reductions in other brain regions. METHOD: The authors measured volumes of CSF and gray and white tissue on cranial magnetic resonance images from homosexual men who were 1) infected with HIV with HIV-associated dementia complex, 2) infected with HIV without dementia, and 3) HIV seronegative. RESULTS: Results suggest that loss of white matter occurs with HIV infection and is more severe in HIV-positive patients with dementia than in those without dementia. There was some generalized volume reduction in gray matter in HIV-positive demented patients, although group differences did not reach significance when adjusted for age. Volume of posterior cortex, however, was significantly smaller among HIV-
10.1176/ajp.152.7.987
7793469
AIDS Dementia Complex/*diagnosis/pathology Adult Atrophy Basal Ganglia/anatomy & histology/pathology Brain/*anatomy & histology/pathology Cerebral Cortex/anatomy & histology/pathology Cerebral Ventricles/anatomy & histology/pathology HIV Seronegativity Homosexuality, Male Humans *Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Middle Aged
E. H. B. Aylward, P. D., McArthur, J. C., Harris, G. J., Schlaepfer, T. E., Henderer, J. D., Barta, P. E., Tien, A. Y., Pearlson, G. D. (1995). Magnetic resonance imaging measurement of gray matter volume reductions in HIV dementia. Am J Psychiatry, 152(7), 987-94.
Journal Article
Quantitation of HIV-1 RNA in plasma predicts outcome after seroconversion
Ann Intern Med
1995
15-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7887550
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relation between the quantity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA in plasma and the risk for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or a decline in the CD4+ T-cell count after seroconversion. DESIGN: Prospective study. PATIENTS: 62 homosexual men with documented HIV-1 seroconversion. SETTING: University outpatient setting. MEASUREMENTS: Clinical status, CD4+ T-cell counts, and plasma and serum samples were obtained every 6 months. Human immunodeficiency virus RNA in plasma was quantitated with a branched-DNA (bDNA) assay. Serum samples were assayed for neopterin, beta 2-microglobulin, and immune complex dissociated HIV-1 p24 antigen. RESULTS: 18 of 62 (29%) men developed AIDS; 21 (34%) had a significant decline in the CD4+ T-cell count without AIDS; and 23 (37%) had a stable CD4+ T-cell count. For each participant, HIV-1 RNA results were categorized into one of four groups: 1) detection of HIV-1 RNA (> 1 x 10(4) genome equivalents/mL
10.7326/0003-4819-122-8-199504150-00003
7887550
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/blood/virology Biopterin/analogs & derivatives/blood CD4 Lymphocyte Count HIV Core Protein p24/blood HIV Seropositivity/blood/*virology HIV-1/*isolation & purification Humans Male Neopterin Pilot Projects Polymerase Chain Reaction Prognosis Prospective Studies RNA, Viral/*blood Risk Factors beta 2-Microglobulin/metabolism
J. W. K. Mellors, L. A., Rinaldo, C. R., Jr., Todd, J. A., Hoo, B. S., Kokka, R. P., Gupta, P. (1995). Quantitation of HIV-1 RNA in plasma predicts outcome after seroconversion. Ann Intern Med, 122(8), 573-9.
Journal Article
Increased genital shedding of herpes simplex virus type 2 in HIV-seropositive women
Ann Intern Med
1995
1-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7486467
OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence of genital herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) shedding in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive women and HIV-seronegative women. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: A major inner-city medical center. PATIENTS: 106 women who were HIV-seropositive and HSV-2-seropositive and 70 women who were HIV-seronegative and HSV-2-seropositive were enrolled from various primary care settings. MEASUREMENTS: Herpes simplex virus type 2 antibody determinations were done for all patients. Regardless of symptoms, vulvar and cervical HSV cultures were obtained from all HIV-seropositive women and from a randomly selected subgroup of HIV-seronegative women. RESULTS: The prevalence of HSV-2 shedding was nearly four times greater in HIV-seropositive than in HIV-seronegative women (13.2% compared with 3.6%; P = 0.04; odds ratio, 4.1 [95% CI, 1.0 to 27.4]) when the serum antibody for HSV-2 was present. Seventy-nine percent of viral shedding among HIV-seroposit
10.7326/0003-4819-123-11-199512010-00006
7486467
CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cross-Sectional Studies Female HIV Seropositivity/*complications/immunology Herpes Genitalis/complications/transmission/*virology Herpesvirus 2, Human/*physiology Humans Risk Factors *Virus Shedding
M. F. Augenbraun, J., Chirgwin, K., Zenilman, J., Clarke, L., DeHovitz, J., Landesman, S., Minkoff, H. (1995). Increased genital shedding of herpes simplex virus type 2 in HIV-seropositive women. Ann Intern Med, 123(11), 845-7.
Journal Article
Lymphopoiesis, apoptosis, and immune amnesia
Ann N Y Acad Sci
1995
29-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8597362
Bone marrow transplant recipients have a functional T-cell deficit long after T-cell counts have returned to normal levels. Early after BMT, T-cell phenotype is predominantly CD45RO+/CD29high/HLA-DR+/CD38high. This profile is associated with activated memory cells in healthy subjects, but also appears on the earliest mature naive T-cells in times of lymphopoietic stress. Most of these cells apoptose in short-term unstimulated culture, suggesting that they would have had a similar fate in vivo. Twelve to 24 months after BMT, CD45RA+/CD29low/HLA-DR-/CD38low T cells increase, apoptosis decreases, and T-cell function normalizes. We hypothesize that in the adult, mature memory T cells regulate their own replacement by rescuing a proportion of newly generated naive cells from apoptosis. Ablation of memory cells consequent to high dose therapy disrupts this process, resulting in a protracted period of high lymphocyte turnover with few cells surviving to make the antigen-driven transition to m
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb31057.x
8597362
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology Adult Animals *Apoptosis *Bone Marrow Transplantation Hiv-1 *Hematopoiesis Humans *Immunologic Memory *T-Lymphocytes
A. D. M. Donnenberg, J. B., Donnenberg, V. S. (1995). Lymphopoiesis, apoptosis, and immune amnesia. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 770(), 213-26.
Journal Article
Immunocytochemical quantitation of human immunodeficiency virus in the brain: correlations with dementia
Ann Neurol
1995
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7486867
The pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated dementia is unclear, and the underlying pathological substrate has been a matter of debate. In a prospectively clinically characterized population of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients we investigated the relationship between the clinical syndrome of HIV-associated dementia and the presence and relative quantity of immunocytochemical markers for HIV-1 (gp41 antibody), and for macrophages and microglia (HAM-56 antibody). Sections from the basal ganglia and frontal lobes from the brains of 51 patients were studied, and the data were stratified for severity of dementia (16 nondemented, 12 mildly demented, 23 severely demented), rate of dementia progression, duration of AIDS, use of antiretrovirals, and several other demographic features. We found a highly significant correlation between the degree of macrophage staining and the severity of dementia but only a borderline correlation between the presence and a
10.1002/ana.410380510
7486867
AIDS Dementia Complex/drug therapy/mortality/*virology Adult Analysis of Variance Antibodies/analysis *Antibodies, Monoclonal Basal Ganglia/pathology/virology Brain/immunology/pathology/*virology Female Frontal Lobe/pathology/virology HIV Envelope Protein gp41/*analysis HIV-1/*isolation & purification Humans Immunohistochemistry Macrophages/pathology Male Microglia/pathology Middle Aged Prospective Studies RNA, Messenger/analysis Survival Analysis Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/analysis Zidovudine/therapeutic use
J. D. F. Glass, H., Wesselingh, S. L., McArthur, J. C. (1995). Immunocytochemical quantitation of human immunodeficiency virus in the brain: correlations with dementia. Ann Neurol, 38(5), 755-62.
Journal Article
Alternate forms of the Auditory-Verbal Learning Test: issues of test comparability, longitudinal reliability, and moderating demographic variables
Arch Clin Neuropsychol
1995
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14589735
The present investigation examines the alternate-form and longitudinal reliability of two versions of the Auditory-Verbal Learning Test (AVLT) on a large, multiregional, healthy male sample. Subjects included 2,059 bisexual and homosexual HIV-seronegative males recruited from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study from centers in Baltimore, Chicago, Los Angeles, and Pittsburgh. The findings revealed no significant differences between forms upon initial or 1-year longitudinal administration, supporting the equivalence of the two versions. However, significant practice effects were noted longitudinally, arguing for the need of appropriate retest normative data. Furthermore, as age, ethnicity, and education were found to significantly affect test performance, it is recommended that normative data be interpreted according to these variables. In addition to providing normative and longitudinal data, this investigation presents information concerning the use and limitations of the alternate forms
14589735
Affect age auditory-verbal learning test Baltimore bisexual Chicago comparability demographics Education effects ethnicity homosexual information Learning longitudinal longitudinal data longitudinal reliability MACS Male Pittsburgh
C. L. D. E. Uchiyama, L. F., Dellinger, A. M., Becker, J. T., Selnes, O. A., Wesch, J. E., Chen, B. B., Satz, P., van Gorp, W., Miller, E. N. (1995). Alternate forms of the Auditory-Verbal Learning Test: issues of test comparability, longitudinal reliability, and moderating demographic variables. Arch Clin Neuropsychol, 10(2), 133-45.
Journal Article
Elevated serum levels of soluble CD23 (sCD23) precede the appearance of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
Blood
1995
4/1/1995
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7703491
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection-associated B-cell hyperstimulation, in particular, the chronic stimulation of B cells to undergo isotype switching, may play an important role in the pathogenesis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated lymphoma (AIDS lymphoma). Isotype switching can be induced by various immune system factors, including cytokines, cell-surface stimulatory molecule interactions, and CD23. CD23 is a B-cell differentiation and activation marker expressed on mature B cells that is lost after isotype switching; soluble CD23 (sCD23) also is a B-cell-stimulatory factor. Because sCD23 is associated with Ig isotype switching, and because an enhancement of isotype switching may contribute to the genesis of AIDS lymphoma, we examined serum sCD23 levels in a retrospective study of HIV-seropositive subjects who had gone on to develop lymphomas. Subjects were participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study at UCLA, a study of the natural history of AIDS. Great
10.1182/blood.V85.7.1843.bloodjournal8571843
7703491
activation Adult AIDS analysis B cells B-Lymphocytes blood cancer CD4 Lymphocyte Count cells clinical cohort Cohort Studies cohort study cytokine Cytokines Disease Progression Hiv HIV infection HIV Seronegativity HIV Seropositivity Human human immunodeficiency virus immune Immune System immunodeficiency immunoglobulin Immunoglobulin Class Switching Immunoglobulin E immunology infection lymphoma Lymphoma,AIDS-Related marker markers metabolism microbiology Middle Age Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study natural history non-Hodgkin's lymphoma pathogenesis pathology Receptors,IgE Retrospective Studies sera Solubility study Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. Time Factors Tumor Markers,Biological United States virus
S. C. Yawetz, W.G., van der Meyden, M., Martinez-Maza, O. (1995). Elevated serum levels of soluble CD23 (sCD23) precede the appearance of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Blood, 85(7), 1843-1849.
Journal Article
A potential role for interferon-a in the pathogenesis of HIV-associated dementia
Brain Behav Immun
1995
Dec-95
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8903853
Previous studies in patients receiving interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) therapy and patients with systemic lupus erythematosus have demonstrated that elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of IFN- alpha are associated with cognitive dysfunction. We measured IFN-alpha levels in CSF and blood by ELISA in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)- positive patients with (n = 21) and without (n = 23) dementia and HIV- negative controls (n = 48). IFN-alpha was significantly elevated in the CSF of HIV-positive patients with dementia compared to those without dementia and controls. An increasing amount of IFN-alpha in the CSF was correlated with the clinical parameter of increasing Memorial Sloan Kettering scores; although these correlations were not statistically significant, they further suggest an association of increased CSF IFN- alpha with neurocognitive dysfunction in AIDS. Immunocytochemical staining of brains demonstrated IFN-alpha-positive macrophages and astrocytes in frontal cortex and whi
10.1006/brbi.1995.1034
AIDS AIDS Dementia Complex analysis Astrocytes Baltimore Base Sequence blood Brain Cerebrospinal Fluid Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins clinical Comparative Study control Dementia Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay etiology Hiv HIV infection HIV Infections Human human immunodeficiency virus immunodeficiency infection Interferon-alpha Macrophages Molecular Sequence Data mRNA Nervous System Diseases pathogenesis physiology physiopathology Polymerase Chain Reaction Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Rna RNA,Messenger secretion Severity of Illness Index study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. therapies therapy United States virus
M. B. W. Rho, S., Glass, J.D., McArthur, J.C., Choi, S., Griffin, J., Tyor, W.R. (1995). A potential role for interferon-a in the pathogenesis of HIV-associated dementia. Brain Behav Immun, 9(4), 366-377.
Journal Article
Characterization of immune suppression by a synthetic HIV gp41 peptide
Cell Immunol
1995
1-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7697734
HIV infection is associated with immunosuppression leading to susceptibility to opportunistic infections and tumors. HIV proteins can be immunosuppressive with substantial activity residing within the gp41 portion of HIV envelope glycoprotein gp160. In this report, immunosuppressive properties of a synthetic peptide corresponding to amino acid sequence 584-609 of HIV-1 transmembrane protein gp41 were investigated. The peptide was found to inhibit proliferative responses of normal human lymphocytes to mitogens and recall antigen. Stimulations by IL-2 and by anti-CD3 were also inhibited, indicating that the effect occurred in a pathway of response shared by CD3 and by IL-2 receptor recognition systems. Both CD4 and CD8 T cells were suppressed, indicating that the suppression did not require interactions with CD4 molecules. Consistently, the peptide was suppressive in the presence of HIV-infected patients' sera containing specific antibodies to the peptide, suggesting that the active port
10.1006/cimm.1995.1032
7697734
Amino Acid Sequence Cells, Cultured HIV/chemistry/*immunology HIV Envelope Protein gp41/chemistry/*immunology Humans Immunosuppression Molecular Sequence Data Peptides/chemical synthesis T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
H. N. Wang, P., Fahey, J. L. (1995). Characterization of immune suppression by a synthetic HIV gp41 peptide. Cell Immunol, 161(2), 236-43.
Journal Article
Comparison of CD4 cell count by a simple enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using the TRAx CD4 test kit and by flow cytometry and hematology
Clin Diagn Lab Immunol
1995
Jan-95
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7719901
Measurement of CD4 T-lymphocyte levels is clinically useful in monitoring immune status in a number of conditions, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, in which the absolute CD4 count is used to guide therapy. The absolute CD4 count is obtained by multiplying the results of the leukocyte count and the differential with a hematology cell counter and the percentage of CD4+ T lymphocytes determined by flow cytometry. These techniques require expensive, complex instrumentation, and interlaboratory results are difficult to standardize and reproduce. The rapid growth of HIV infection worldwide has increased the need for more-reproducible and cost-effective methods for CD4 T-cell monitoring. The TRAx CD4 test kit is based on a novel adaptation of conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and permits the simple quantitation of total CD4 protein from whole- blood lysates. In this study, the relationship between total CD4 protein measured in units per milliliter (
7719901
PMC170109
Adolescence Adult Affect Aged analysis Antibodies Antibodies,Monoclonal antibody Antibody Specificity Antigens Antigens,CD4 Baltimore blood Blood Cell Count Calibration CD4 CD4 Lymphocyte Count CD4+ Cell Count chemistry clinical Comparative Study control Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Female Flow Cytometry Hiv HIV infection HIV Seronegativity HIV Seropositivity Human human immunodeficiency virus immune immunodeficiency immunology Immunomagnetic Separation infection instrumentation Leukocyte Count Linear Models lymphocyte Lymphocytes Male measurement methods Middle Age Monocytes Multicenter Studies Neoplasms Reagent Kits,Diagnostic Regression Analysis Reproducibility of Results Sensitivity and Specificity sera Specimen Handling standards study Support,Non-U.S.Gov't t cell t lymphocytes T-Lymphocytes therapies therapy United States virus
H. P. Paxton, M., Denton, G., McGonigle, A.D., Meisner, P.S., Phair, J.P. (1995). Comparison of CD4 cell count by a simple enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using the TRAx CD4 test kit and by flow cytometry and hematology. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol, 2(1), 104-114. PMC170109
Journal Article
Selective decrease in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)- induced a-interferon production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells during HIV-1 infection
Clin Diagn Lab Immunol
1995
Mar-95
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7697520
We previously reported that human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV- 1), herpes simplex virus (HSV), and Sendai virus induce higher levels of alpha interferon (IFN-alpha) in blood dendritic cells than in monocytes of healthy donors. In the present study, the levels of IFN- alpha induced by T-cell tropic (IIIb and RF) and monocytotropic (BaL) strains of HIV-1 and by HSV were significantly decreased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) derived from subjects with asymptomatic and symptomatic HIV-1 infection. In contrast, Sendai virus, a paramyxovirus that induces proportionally more IFN-alpha in monocytes and B cells than do either HIV-1 or HSV, stimulated normal levels of IFN-alpha in PBMCs from the HIV-1-infected men. The IFN-alpha produced by PBMCs from the HIV-1-seropositive subjects was partially acid labile, whereas the IFN-alpha produced by PBMCs from the HIV-1- seronegative donors was acid stable. We hypothesize that there is a selective defect in IFN-alpha production by
7697520
PMC170116
AIDS B-Lymphocytes biosynthesis blood Cells,Cultured Cohort Studies Dendritic Cells Disease Hiv HIV Infections Hiv-1 HIV-1 infection Human human immunodeficiency virus immunodeficiency immunology infection Interferon-alpha Leukocytes,Mononuclear Lymphocytes Male metabolism microbiology Monocytes Parainfluenza Virus 1,Human Pennsylvania Simplexvirus study Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. T-Lymphocytes United States virology virus
J. N. Ferbas, J., Logar, A., Rinaldo, C. (1995). Selective decrease in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)- induced a-interferon production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells during HIV-1 infection. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol, 2(2), 138-142. PMC170116
Journal Article
Long-term serologic follow-up of hepatitis C virus-seropositive homosexual men
Clin Diagn Lab Immunol
1995
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7697532
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection may go undiagnosed and continue to present a source of community-acquired or transfusion-associated infection because of shortcomings in sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility of serologic tests. This project was designed to longitudinally study persons who were HCV seropositive or were at risk for seroconversion to characterize the course of infection. Sequential serum samples obtained semiannually from 617 homosexual male volunteers were available for study from the Pittsburgh site of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Testing by anti-HCV enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was performed on baseline (1984 to 1985) and most-recent (censor date, August 1992) samples. Selected samples were also assayed for alanine aminotransferase and by recombinant immunoblot (RIBA II) and nested PCR. A total of 17 of 617 (2.8%) men were HCV seropositive at entry. Of the 600 seronegative men, 9 converted to HCV seropositive during the study interval. Parenteral sources of
7697532
PMC170131
Adult Base Sequence Cohort Studies Follow-Up Studies HIV Infections/complications *Hepacivirus Hepatitis C/*blood/complications/epidemiology *Homosexuality, Male Humans Immunoenzyme Techniques Longitudinal Studies Male Molecular Sequence Data Polymerase Chain Reaction RNA, Viral/analysis/genetics Time Factors Transaminases/blood
O. K. N. Ndimbie, S., Kingsley, L., Riddle, P., Rinaldo, C. (1995). Long-term serologic follow-up of hepatitis C virus-seropositive homosexual men. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol, 2(2), 219-24. PMC170131
Journal Article
Detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes in freshly donated and frozen-thawed peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Clin Diagn Lab Immunol
1995
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8574828
Loss of anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) memory cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTLm) responses is associated with disease progression in HIV-1 infection. In this study, nonspecific stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from HIV-1-infected homosexual men with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (MAb) was compared with antigen-specific stimulation with inactivated, autologous B lymphoblastoid cells (B-LCL) infected with a vaccinia virus vector encoding HIV-1 IIIb Gag, Pol, and Env (VV-GPE) for activation of HIV-1-specific CTLm responses in a bulk lysis assay and by precursor frequency analysis. The results show that VV-GPE-infected B-LCL stimulated on average 10-fold greater anti-HIV-1 CTLm activity, as detected in the bulk lysis assay, and 55-fold-greater CTLm precursor frequencies specific for the three HIV-1 structural proteins than did stimulation with anti-CD3 MAb. This effect was noted with both freshly donated and frozen-thawed PBMC. The lysis was mediated by
8574828
PMC170219
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/blood/virology Antibodies, Monoclonal Antibody Formation/immunology Antigens, Viral/immunology B-Lymphocytes/immunology/virology Blood Specimen Collection CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology Cell Survival/immunology Freezing Gene Products, env/immunology Gene Products, gag/immunology Gene Products, pol/immunology HIV-1/*isolation & purification Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/immunology Humans Immunologic Memory Immunophenotyping Leukocytes, Mononuclear/*cytology Male T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*virology Vaccinia virus/immunology
X. L. F. Huang, Z., Liebmann, J., Rinaldo, C. (1995). Detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes in freshly donated and frozen-thawed peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol, 2(6), 678-84. PMC170219
Journal Article
Enhancement of natural killer cell activity in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects by in vitro treatment with biologic response modifier OK-432
Clin Diagn Lab Immunol
1995
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7719919
A decrease in natural killer (NK) cell function has been related to the progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. In the present study, we assessed the ability of a streptococcus-derived biologic response modifier, OK-432, to augment NK lysis of uninfected K562 and U937 cells and HIV-infected U937 cells by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from HIV-seropositive homosexual men. Optimal two- to fourfold increases in lysis of the three targets were observed after pretreatment of PBMC from HIV-negative subjects for 4 h with 2 micrograms of OK-432 per ml. This effect was related primarily to gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production induced by OK-432 and was not linked to production of tumor necrosis factors alpha and beta or to monocytes in the cultures. The enhancing effect of OK-432 on NK cell function was diminished but still evident in PBMC from subjects with relatively early-phase (< 3-year) HIV infection and high CD4+ cell counts and was lower in subjects wit
7719919
PMC170107
Adult CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cells, Cultured Cohort Studies Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/drug effects Drug Evaluation, Preclinical HIV Infections/*immunology HIV Seronegativity/immunology Humans Immunologic Factors/*pharmacology Interferon-gamma/*metabolism Killer Cells, Natural/*drug effects/immunology Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects/metabolism Male Middle Aged Picibanil/*pharmacology Streptococcus pyogenes Tumor Cells, Cultured Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/analysis
X. L. F. Huang, Z., Murayama, T., Rinaldo, C. (1995). Enhancement of natural killer cell activity in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects by in vitro treatment with biologic response modifier OK-432. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol, 2(1), 91-7. PMC170107
Journal Article
An epidemiologic analysis of Mycobacterium avium complex disease in homosexual men infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1
Clin Infect Dis
1995
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7620006
Cofactors associated with the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) disease and its prognosis in incident cases of AIDS in homosexuals were studied. We compared 51 men in whom MAC disease developed as the initial AIDS-defining illness (termed AIDS illness hereafter); 157 men who had MAC disease subsequent to another AIDS illness; and 884 men who had only non-MAC AIDS illnesses. MAC disease was the initially diagnosed AIDS illness more often in Baltimore (6.9%) and Los Angeles (5.6%) than in Chicago (2.6%) and Pittsburgh (0) (P < .01). MAC disease also was a more common subsequent AIDS illness in Baltimore (14.3%) and Los Angeles (22.4%) than in Chicago (8.5%) and Pittsburgh (6.5%) (P < .0001). Prophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii infection increased the occurrence of MAC disease as the initial AIDS illness (from 2.3% to 12.5%; P < .0001). A low white blood cell (WBC) count was slightly more predictive of MAC disease than was a low CD4+ cell count. At 0-6, 7-12, and 13-18 months before diag
10.1093/clinids/20.5.1250
7620006
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/epidemiology/*etiology/mortality Adult CD4 Lymphocyte Count Ethanol/adverse effects *Homosexuality, Male Humans Male Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection/epidemiology/*etiology/mortality Risk Factors
D. R. G. Hoover, N. M., Bacellar, H., Murphy, R., Visscher, B., Anderson, R., McArthur, J. (1995). An epidemiologic analysis of Mycobacterium avium complex disease in homosexual men infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Clin Infect Dis, 20(5), 1250-8.
Journal Article
Factors associated with changes in the use of antiretroviral therapy by a cohort of homosexual men infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1
Clin Infect Dis
1995
Oct-95
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8645842
Changes in the use of antiretroviral drugs and factors associated with changes from monotherapy with zidovudine (ZDV) to other regimens were quantified in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Participants who had been receiving monotherapy with ZDV were categorized as (1) discontinuing ZDV monotherapy; (2) switching to disanosine (ddI), zalcitabine (ddC), or stavudine (d4T) monotherapy; (3) switching to combination therapy (ZDV with ddI, ddC, or d4T); or (4) continuing ZDV monotherapy. From 1990 to 1994, the percentage of participants using ZDV monotherapy decreased from 27% to 17% (among participants without AIDS) and from 60% to 17% (among those with AIDS). At the same time, the proportion of participants using combination therapy increased from zero to 8% (no AIDS) and from 8% to 26% (AIDS). Polychotomous logistic regression methods were used to identify the factors predicting changes from ZDV monotherapy. Among participants without AIDS, indicators of drug failure (such as a lower CD
10.1093/clinids/21.4.930
8645842
agent AIDS Antiviral Agents Baltimore CD4 CD4 Lymphocyte Count cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Didanosine drug therapy Drug Therapy,Combination Drug Utilization drugs epidemiology Follow-Up Studies Hemoglobins HIV Infections Hiv-1 homosexual homosexual men Homosexuality,Male Human human immunodeficiency virus immunodeficiency infection lymphocyte Lymphocyte Count Male marker metabolism methods Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Multicenter Studies Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors Stavudine study Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. therapeutic use therapies therapy toxicity United States virus Zalcitabine Zidovudine
L. P. G. Park, N.M.H., Jacobson, L.P., Murphy, R., Besley, D., Zucconi, S., Muñoz, A. (1995). Factors associated with changes in the use of antiretroviral therapy by a cohort of homosexual men infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Clin Infect Dis, 21(4), 930-937.
Journal Article
Prognostic value of combined response markers among human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons: possible aid in the decision to change zidovudine monotherapy
Clin Infect Dis
1995
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7742442
To clarify useful clinical parameters for determining the need for changes in antiretroviral regimens, 586 persons who were seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and who had intermediate-stage HIV disease underwent follow-up semiannually for a median of 3.1 years after zidovudine monotherapy was instituted. The strongest predictors of time to the development of AIDS and of survival were an increased CD4 lymphocyte count (> 50/microL), a decreased neopterin level (> 2.4 nmol/L), and no increase in the number of symptoms after 7-12 months of zidovudine therapy. Men who had the best quartile CD4 lymphocyte and neopterin responses and who also had no increase in the number of symptoms were 23 times less likely to die (reflecting a 96% increase in survival) than were men who had the worst responses in these variable categories. After 7-12 months of zidovudine therapy, 5-year survival rates were 63% for men with good responses in all three variable categories, 47%-49% for t
10.1093/clinids/20.2.352
7742442
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology Adult Biomarkers Biopterin/analogs & derivatives/blood CD4 Lymphocyte Count Decision Making Follow-Up Studies HIV Infections/*drug therapy/immunology HIV Seropositivity/drug therapy/immunology *hiv-1 Humans Male Neopterin Prognosis Zidovudine/*therapeutic use beta 2-Microglobulin/analysis
N. M. P. Graham, L. P., Piantadosi, S., Phair, J. P., Mellors, J., Fahey, J. L., Saah, A. J. (1995). Prognostic value of combined response markers among human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons: possible aid in the decision to change zidovudine monotherapy. Clin Infect Dis, 20(2), 352-62.
Journal Article
Quality standard for the enumeration of CD4+ lymphocytes in adults and adolescents infected with human immunodeficiency virus
Clin Infect Dis
1995
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8547503
10.1093/clinids/21.supplement_1.s126
8547503
Adolescent Adult CD4 Lymphocyte Count CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology HIV Infections/*immunology Humans Practice Guidelines as Topic Quality of Health Care/*standards
P. A. P. Gross, J. P., Kaplan, J. E., Holmes, K. K., Masur, H. (1995). Quality standard for the enumeration of CD4+ lymphocytes in adults and adolescents infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Clin Infect Dis, 21 Suppl 1(), S126-7.
Journal Article
Coccidioidomycosis of the central nervous system: neuropathological and vasculopathic manifestations and clinical correlates
Clin Infect Dis
1995
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7742448
Infection due to the fungus Coccidioides immitis, which is endemic to the southwestern United States, is currently occurring in epidemic proportions. Although it usually presents as a subclinical infection or a mild, self-limited pulmonary infection, disseminated infection can occur, especially in immunosuppressed patients. In patients with disseminated coccidioidomycosis, CNS spread is commonly responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. The neurological presentations of C. immitis infection of the CNS are variable. The spectrum of neuropathological change ranges from meningitis to meningoencephalitis and meningomyelitis with extensive parenchymal destruction, sometimes as a result of an associated endarteritis obliterans. We describe a patient with AIDS who developed CNS coccidioidomycosis, and we report the findings of a clinicopathological analysis of eight patients with fatal CNS coccidioidomycosis who were autopsied at UCLA Medical Center. CNS coccidioidomycosis should b
10.1093/clinids/20.2.400
7742448
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/microbiology/mortality/pathology Adult Aged *Coccidioidomycosis/mortality/pathology Female Humans Male Meningitis, Fungal/*microbiology/mortality/pathology Middle Aged Sarcoma, Kaposi/complications Vasculitis/*microbiology/mortality/pathology
P. S. V. Mischel, H. V. (1995). Coccidioidomycosis of the central nervous system: neuropathological and vasculopathic manifestations and clinical correlates. Clin Infect Dis, 20(2), 400-5.
Journal Article
Bartonella (Rochalimaea) antibodies, dementia, and cat ownership among men infected with human immunodeficiency virus
Clin Infect Dis
1995
Oct-95
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8645846
To determine the association between recent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated dementia and serum antibodies to Bartonella (Rochalimaea) henselae, we performed a nested case control study within the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study in Los Angeles. We measured serum IgG and IgM antibodies to B. henselae with use of enzyme immunoassay in 369 HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative participants with and without recent neuropsychological deterioration. Data on pet ownership were also collected. IgM antibodies to B. henselae were strongly associated with neuropsychological decline or dementia (OR = 6.6;95% CI = 1.4- 31.9;P = .02). Those participants with IgM antibodies to B. henselae were 1.7 times more likely to develop HIV-associated dementia (HAD) or neuropsychological decline over the next 5 years. At least 4% of the new cases of HAD and neuropsychological decline were due to bartonella infection. Cat ownership was associated with the presence of IgM antibodies to B. henselae (OR
10.1093/clinids/21.4.954
8645846
Adolescence Adult AIDS AIDS Dementia Complex AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections Animal Animals,Domestic Antibodies Antibodies,Bacterial antibody Bartonella henselae blood Case-Control Studies Cat-Scratch Disease Cats cohort Cohort Studies cohort study complications control Dementia etiology Human human immunodeficiency virus Igg Igm Immunoassay immunodeficiency immunology infection infections Los Angeles Male Middle Age Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Multicenter Studies Neuropsychological sera study Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. United States virus
W. A. P. Schwartzman, M., Angulo, F.J., Visscher, B.R., Miller, E.N., Peter, J.B. (1995). Bartonella (Rochalimaea) antibodies, dementia, and cat ownership among men infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Clin Infect Dis, 21(4), 954-959.
Journal Article
Neuropsychological and neuropsychiatric aspects of HIV infection in adults
Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry/VI
1995
Adult AIDS asymptomatic central nervous system CNS Dementia Hiv HIV infection Hiv-1 HIV-1 infection Immunosuppression infection Meningitis Neuropsychological neuropsychological dysfunction primary brain lymphoma progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy psychiatry psychomotor slowing reduced memory Toxoplasmosis
Book Section
Neuropsychological and intellectual assessment of adults
Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry/VI
1995
Adult Neuropsychological psychology
Book Section
Neurologic diseases associated with HIV-1 infection
Curr Opin Infect Dis
1995
1995
https://journals.lww.com/co-infectiousdiseases/abstract/1995/02000/neurologic_diseases_associated_with_hiv_1.15.aspx
About 40% of patients with AIDS or symptomatic HIV infection will develop a neurological syndrome, an 10% of all patients with AIDS will initially present with nervous system complaints. Abut half of the neurological manifestations are due to the effects of HIV-1 on the nervous system and half result as opportunistic or secondary complications of the immune deficiency induced by HIV-1. The pathogenetic mechanisms of the HIV-1-related neurological disorders are becoming defined and new treatments directed at these mechanisms are being introduced. The prognosis for the central nervous system disorders has improved with earlier, more precise diagnosis, and more effective treatment and prophylaxis.
AIDS CAMACS central nervous system complications deficiency diagnosis Disease effects Hiv HIV infection Hiv-1 HIV-1 infection immune immune deficiency infection manifestation Nervous System neurologic diseases neurological disorders opportunistic Prognosis prophylaxis treatment symptomatic disorders
J. C. McArthur (1995). Neurologic diseases associated with HIV-1 infection. Curr Opin Infect Dis, 8(), 74-84.
Journal Article
An integrated approach to the epidemiology of Kaposi's sarcoma
Curr Opin Oncol
1995
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8541391
As an AIDS-defining illness, Kaposi's sarcoma primarily occurs among HIV-infected homosexual men in developed countries and among men and women in Africa. Except in Africa, Kaposi's sarcoma was rarely diagnosed prior to the AIDS epidemic. The clustering of cases geographically and by gender suggest an environmental influence. Epidemiologic evidence of an infectious cofactor for the disease is presented with the recent findings of herpetic-like viral DNA in Kaposi's sarcoma tissue. Observations indicate that this putative cofactor is sexually transmitted. A model is provided that integrates the virologic and epidemiologic components in the etiology of Kaposi's sarcoma.
10.1097/00001622-199509000-00011
8541391
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*complications/epidemiology Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/*complications/epidemiology Humans Male Risk Factors Sarcoma, Kaposi/*epidemiology/etiology/*virology Space-Time Clustering
L. P. A. Jacobson, H. K. (1995). An integrated approach to the epidemiology of Kaposi's sarcoma. Curr Opin Oncol, 7(5), 450-5.
Journal Article
Distinct HIV-1 env sequences are associated with neurotropism and neurovirulence
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol
1995
1995
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7587373
10.1007/978-3-642-79657-9_7
7587373
AIDS Dementia Complex/*virology Adult Amino Acid Sequence Brain/virology Cells, Cultured *Genes, env HIV Envelope Protein gp120/*chemistry/physiology HIV Infections/virology HIV-1/*genetics/isolation & purification/pathogenicity Humans Middle Aged Molecular Sequence Data Organ Specificity Peptide Fragments/*chemistry/physiology Prospective Studies Sequence Alignment Sequence Homology, Amino Acid Spleen/virology Viremia/virology Virulence/genetics
C. M. Power, J. C., Johnson, R. T., Griffin, D. E., Glass, J. D., Dewey, R., Chesebro, B. (1995). Distinct HIV-1 env sequences are associated with neurotropism and neurovirulence. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol, 202(), 89-104.
Journal Article
Section 5.3. Preparation of cells and reagents for flow cytometry
Current Protocols in Immunology
1995
cell sorting cells Flow Cytometry immunofluorescence immunology reagents
Book Section
Assessment of aerosol containment on the ELITE flow cytometer
Cytometry
1995
15-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7587733
Biohazardous aerosols generated during cell sorting have been of increased concern recently because of interest in sorting specimens containing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Current flow cytometers have features designed to contain such aerosols within the sorting chamber, but the efficacy of these features has not been established. Therefore, we tested aerosol containment by two ELITE flow cytometers (Coulter Cytometry, Inc., Hialeah, FL) during sorting of specimens containing high titers of bacteriophage. Agar plates confluent with susceptible Escherichia coli were used to detect infectious units released from the sorting chamber. Under recommended operating conditions very few infectious units were released from the sorting chambers. Release increased when the center stream was not optimally collected in a vacuum-exhausted tube or the chamber door was not completely closed. Failure of the negative pressure and high efficiency particle air (HEPA) filtration features ha
10.1002/cyto.990220109
7587733
Aerosols Cell Separation/instrumentation *Containment of Biohazards Evaluation Studies as Topic Flow Cytometry/*instrumentation HIV-1/isolation & purification Humans
J. C. Ferbas, K. R., Logar, A., Patterson, A. E., Gilpin, R. W., Margolick, J. B. (1995). Assessment of aerosol containment on the ELITE flow cytometer. Cytometry, 22(1), 45-7.
Journal Article
Are there differences between laboratories that use or fail to use the CDC's guidelines to measure CD4+ and CD8+ T cells?
Cytometry
1995
15-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8556958
10.1002/cyto.990220314
8556958
Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology CD3 Complex/blood/immunology CD4 Antigens/immunology CD4 Lymphocyte Count/methods CD4-CD8 Ratio CD8 Antigens/immunology Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Flow Cytometry/*methods Guidelines as Topic Humans Immunophenotyping/*methods/standards Laboratories/standards Lymphocyte Count/*methods United States
J. L. Ferbas, A. J., Harwell, T. S. (1995). Are there differences between laboratories that use or fail to use the CDC's guidelines to measure CD4+ and CD8+ T cells?. Cytometry, 22(3), 256-7.
Journal Article
Expression of cytokine mRNA by human peripheral blood dendritic cells stimulated with human immunodeficiency virus and herpes simplex virus
Dendritic Cells in Fundamental and Clinical Immunology
1995
10.1007/978-1-4615-1971-3_97
blood blood dendritic cells clinical cytokine Dendritic Cells Herpes simplex virus Human human immunodeficiency virus immunodeficiency immunology mRNA virus
Book Section
The effects of long term zidovudine therapy and Pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis on HIV disease. A review of the literature
Drugs
1995
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7705214
Two lines of attack have been used against HIV-1 disease: (1) antiretroviral therapy (notably zidovudine) directed against the HIV-1 virus; and (2) chemoprophylaxis against end-stage diseases of HIV-1 infection, most notably against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Many studies and clinical trials have found that zidovudine and P. carinii prophylaxis each significantly reduce short term morbidity and mortality from HIV-1 disease. However, these drugs have costs, adverse effects and (particularly with zidovudine) cumulative toxicity that suggest that their long term benefits may not necessarily be as great as their short term prospects. Due to the pressing needs of the HIV-1 epidemic, social considerations and proven short term benefits, long term clinical trials of zidovudine and P. carinii prophylaxis employing untreated control groups are impossible. Thus, the long term benefits of these anti-AIDS therapies must be estimated from observational studies comparing those who choose to use
10.2165/00003495-199549010-00003
7705214
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*drug therapy/epidemiology Bias Clinical Trials as Topic Europe/epidemiology *hiv-1 Humans North America/epidemiology Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/epidemiology/*prevention & control Quality of Life Treatment Outcome Zidovudine/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*therapeutic use
D. R. Hoover (1995). The effects of long term zidovudine therapy and Pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis on HIV disease. A review of the literature. Drugs, 49(1), 20-36.
Journal Article
Detection of viral DNA by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
HIV: A Practical Approach, Volume 1: Virology and Immunology
1995
Dna Hiv HTLV human retroviruses immunology PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction virology
Book Section
Epidemiology of advanced HIV disease
Improving the Management of HIV Disease
1995
1995
Disease epidemiology Hiv
J. P. Phair (1995). Epidemiology of advanced HIV disease. Improving the Management of HIV Disease, 3(5), 6-Apr.
Journal Article
Long-term survivors with HIV-1 infection: incubation period and longitudinal patterns of CD4+ lymphocytes
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol
1995
15-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7697447
To characterize long-term survival with HIV-1, we need to estimate the proportion of seroconverters remaining free from clinical AIDS for long periods. We predict that approximately 13% of homosexual/bisexual men infected at a young age may remain so for > 20 years. Since studies have not followed individuals for such periods, long-term survivors must be characterized using stability of immunologic markers. In a cohort of 1,809 seropositive men followed since 1984-85, 15% (187/1,214) of those with at least two consecutive visits early in the study showed no decline in CD4+ cell count. From these, 67 men with long follow-up and no use of zidovudine were identified as cases to investigate correlates of protection against HIV-1-induced immunodepletion. Two matched control subgroups, one with moderate and one with rapid CD4+ lymphocyte decline, produced 56 triplets of individuals to be contrasted. Analysis of data from early in the study on demographics, sexual behavior, and sexually trans
10.1097/00042560-199504120-00010
7697447
CD4 Lymphocyte Count CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes Cohort Studies Disease-Free Survival HIV Infections/*immunology/mortality *hiv-1 Humans Longitudinal Studies Male *Survivors
A. K. Munoz, A. J., He, Y. D., Margolick, J. B., Visscher, B. R., Rinaldo, C. R., Kaslow, R. A., Phair, J. P. (1995). Long-term survivors with HIV-1 infection: incubation period and longitudinal patterns of CD4+ lymphocytes. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol, 8(5), 496-505.
Journal Article
HIV Dementia Scale: a rapid screening test
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol
1995
1-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7859139
HIV dementia has an annual incidence of 7% after AIDS development and eventually affects 20% of all HIV-infected persons. Accurate and early diagnosis of HIV dementia can lead to optimized therapeutic and management decisions. The purpose of this study was to design a valid instrument to identify HIV dementia. Five groups totalling 152 outpatients were evaluated; HIV-seronegative (SN) (n = 34); asymptomatic HIV-seropositive (ASX) (n = 38); AIDS, nondemented (AIDS) (n = 53); AIDS, mildly demented (Dm) (n = 39); and AIDS, severely demented (Ds) (n = 7). None had CNS opportunistic infections or delirium due to drug intoxication or systemic illness at the time of testing. Patients were evaluated with three different screening instruments: (a) the newly developed HIV Dementia Scale (HDS), (b) the Minimental State Exam (MMSE), and (c) the Grooved Pegboard (PB). Mean HDS scores (+/- SD) (maximum = 16) for each group were as follows: SN, 14.9 +/- 1.69; ASX, 14.1 +/- 1.72; AIDS, 12.8 +/- 3.17;
10.1097/00042560-199503010-00008
7859139
AIDS Dementia Complex/*diagnosis/psychology Adult Analysis of Variance Attention Female Humans Linear Models Male Memory Psychomotor Performance ROC Curve Risk Factors Sensitivity and Specificity
C. S. Power, O. A., Grim, J. A., McArthur, J. C. (1995). HIV Dementia Scale: a rapid screening test. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol, 8(3), 273-8.
Journal Article
Weight loss prior to clinical AIDS as a predictor of survival
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol
1995
11/1/1995
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7552499
In this analysis the aim was to determine the independent effect of moderate to severe weight loss prior to an AIDS diagnosis on survival after AIDS. The study was conducted as part of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), a longitudinal study of HIV-1-seropositive gay or bisexual men. Measured weight and self-reported weight loss data were collected semiannually from 1984 through 1993. The study population included 962 HIV-1-seropositive men who developed clinical AIDS during the follow-up period. Median survival after AIDS was significantly lower for men with measured weight loss of > or = 4.5 kg 3-9 months and 3-15 months prior to AIDS, or who had lost > 10% of their baseline body weight compared with men with less weight loss or weight gain. Men with self-reported unintentional weight loss of > or = 4.5 kg 3-9 months prior to AIDS had significantly poorer survival (median = 1.05 years vs. 1.48 years; p = 0.0001) compared with men not reporting weight loss. After adjusting for p
7552499
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Adult AIDS analysis Baltimore bisexual men Body Weight clinical cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Comparative Study complications diagnosis epidemiology follow-up HIV Seropositivity Hiv-1 Human longitudinal Longitudinal Studies MACS Male mortality Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Multicenter Studies Multivariate Analysis Nutrition physiopathology population predictor Prospective Studies Self Disclosure study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. Survival Rate trends United States Weight Gain Weight Loss
J. P. G. Palenicek, N.M.H., He, Y.D., Hoover, D.A., Oishi, J.S., Kingsley, L., Saah, A.J., Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Investigators (1995). Weight loss prior to clinical AIDS as a predictor of survival. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol, 10(3), 366-373.
Journal Article
IL-6 induces target cell resistance to HIV-specific cytotoxic lysis
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol
1995
1-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7600099
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine with multiple immunomodulatory functions. Although IL-6 enhances cytotoxic effector cell function in vitro, we report the paradoxical effect of IL-6-induced resistance of target cells to lysis by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). The CTL system employed autologous, Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B lymphoblastoid target cells infected with vaccinia virus vectors carrying the envelope gene from the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Effector cells were fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HIV+ individuals. Resistance was induced by exposing B cell line targets to exogenous IL-6, or via an autocrine pathway in which IL-6 was secreted by the target cells themselves. The IL-6 effect was dose dependent and reversible by antibody to IL-6. A large proportion of B cell lines from HIV+ individuals produced IL-6, and the lysis of HIV envelope-expressing B cell targets was inversely proportional to the amounts of IL-6 produced by the cell lines
7600099
Adult Cell Transformation, Viral Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/*drug effects Dose-Response Relationship, Drug HIV Infections/*drug therapy HIV-1/*drug effects Herpesvirus 4, Human Humans Immunity, Innate/drug effects Interleukin-6/*pharmacology Male T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/drug effects Vaccinia virus
M. M.-M. Liu, O., Johnson, M. T., Fan, J., Kishimoto, T., Plaeger, S. (1995). IL-6 induces target cell resistance to HIV-specific cytotoxic lysis. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol, 9(4), 321-31.
Journal Article
Changes in Markers of Disease Progression in Hiv-1 Seroconverters - a Comparison between Cohorts of Injecting Drug-Users and Homosexual Men
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol
1995
1-Jan
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8548349/
Comparisons of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progression between risk groups are difficult primarily because of the long incubation period of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and unknown times of infection. This is believed to be the first study that directly compared changes in T-lymphocyte subsets following HIV-1 seroconversion between cohorts of predominantly black injecting drug users and predominantly white homosexual men. Longitudinal trends of CD4 and CD8 percentages of total lymphocytes during 4 years were modeled as piecewise linear functions with a two-parameter correlation structure to accommodate within-person repeated observations. Prior to seroconversion the 151 injecting drug users started with similar CD4% and CD8% levels compared with the 99 homosexual men. Following seroconversion, larger changes were observed overall in the homosexual men compared with the injecting drug users for both markers (p less than or equal to 0.001). The major discrepa
8548349
human immunodeficiency virus substance abuse t-lymphocyte subsets human-immunodeficiency-virus multicenter aids cohort lymphocyte-t subsets infection alcohol heroin risk
N. V. Galai, D., Margolick, J. B., Chen, K., Graham, N. M. H., Munoz, A. (1995). Changes in Markers of Disease Progression in Hiv-1 Seroconverters - a Comparison between Cohorts of Injecting Drug-Users and Homosexual Men. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol, 8(1), 66-74.
Journal Article
Natural killer cell immunodeficiency in HIV disease is manifest by profoundly decreased numbers of CD16+CD56+ cells and expansion of a population of CD16dimCD56 -cells with low lytic activity
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol
1995
11/1/1995
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7552495
Natural killer (NK) cells were enumerated by three-color immunofluorescence in 255 uninfected and 399 human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults. Several dramatic alterations were observed. First, the median number and percentage of CD16+CD56+ NK cells, the subset that comprises > 90% of the NK cells in healthy adults, were severely decreased (median, 175/mm3 in uninfected controls; 63/mm3 in HIV-infected non-AIDS subjects). Even subjects with > 800 CD4+ cells/mm3 had decreased CD16+CD56+ NK cell levels (97/mm3). Second, the number of CD16+
7552495
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Adult agent Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity Antigens Antigens,CD56 Antiviral Agents CD4+ Cell Separation Cohort Studies control Cytotoxicity,Immunologic Disease drug therapy etiology Female Flow Cytometry Hiv HIV Infections HIV Seropositivity Human Igg immunodeficiency immunology Immunophenotyping Killer Cells,Natural Lymphocyte Count Lymphocyte Subsets Male Multicenter Studies population Receptors,IgG Regression Analysis study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. therapeutic use United States cells
P. F. H. Hu, L.E., Hultin, P., Hausner, M.A., Hirji, K., Jewett, A., Bonavida, B., Detels, R., Giorgi, J.V. (1995). Natural killer cell immunodeficiency in HIV disease is manifest by profoundly decreased numbers of CD16+CD56+ cells and expansion of a population of CD16dimCD56 -cells with low lytic activity. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol, 10(3), 331-340.
Journal Article
Unifying hypothesis for the pathogenesis of HIV-associated dementia complex, vacuolar myelopathy, and sensory neuropathy
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol
1995
1-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7600105
Neurological diseases associated with HIV infection include dementia, vacuolar myelopathy, and sensory neuropathy. Although in vitro studies suggest that other nervous system cell types could harbor HIV, immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization studies have indicated that only macrophages/microglia are significantly infected in the central nervous system. In the peripheral nervous system, even HIV-infected macrophages are rare. Therefore, theories regarding the pathogenesis of HIV-associated neurologic disorders have centered around the elaboration of substances that may be toxic to neurons, oligodendrocytes or myelin. These potential toxins include HIV proteins, cellular metabolites, and cytokines. In this review we present evidence that there are large numbers of macrophages/microglia present in the nervous system of patients with these diseases and that they produce tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. The large increase in macrophage activity late in HIV infection may be due to
7600105
AIDS Dementia Complex/*etiology Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*complications Humans Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/*etiology Spinal Cord/ultrastructure Spinal Cord Diseases/*etiology Vacuoles/ultrastructure
W. R. W. Tyor, S. L., Griffin, J. W., McArthur, J. C., Griffin, D. E. (1995). Unifying hypothesis for the pathogenesis of HIV-associated dementia complex, vacuolar myelopathy, and sensory neuropathy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol, 9(4), 379-88.
Journal Article
Spared at random: Survivor reactions in the gay community
J Appl Soc Psychol
1995
1995
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1995.tb01590.x
10.1111/j.1559-1816.1995.tb01590.x
AIDS AIDS-related death anxiety death gay community HIV-related guilt sexually active Social Support survivor transmitted
H. A. S. Wayment, R.C., Kemeny, M.E. (1995). Spared at random: Survivor reactions in the gay community. J Appl Soc Psychol, 25(3), 187-209.
Journal Article
Detection of P24 Antigen with and without Immune-Complex Dissociation for Longitudinal Monitoring of Human-Immunodeficiency-Virus Type-1 Infection
J Clin Microbiol
1995
Jan
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7699069/
Sequential specimens obtained from 87 multicenter AIDS cohort study participants were tested by three p24 antigen tests. They included a polyclonal enzyme immunoassay (EIA), a monoclonal EIA, and a monoclonal EIA after immune complex dissociation (ICD) of specimens. Subjects were grouped into two categories defined by real-time testing with the polyclonal EIA: 39 had become positive for p24 antigen (antigen converters) during follow-up, and 48 had progressed to AIDS without detectable antigenemia. Twenty-four (61%) antigen converters were positive by ICD-monoclonal EIA about 1 year earlier than by monoctonal EIA, In contrast, only 12 (25%) patients, who progressed to AIDS without detectable antigenemia became positive by ICD-p24 EIA before developing AIDS, Thus, the main benefit of ICD treatment may be to detect p24 antigenemia approximately 1 year before the regular assay rather than to identify additional antigenemic people. Quantitative plasma RNA levels were also determined in long
10.1128/JCM.33.1.72-75.1995
7699069
PMC227882
disease progression hiv antigen aids cohort blood
D. R. W. Henrard, S., Phillips, J., Wiesner, D., Phair, J. (1995). Detection of P24 Antigen with and without Immune-Complex Dissociation for Longitudinal Monitoring of Human-Immunodeficiency-Virus Type-1 Infection. J Clin Microbiol, 33(1), 72-75. PMC227882
Journal Article
Quantitation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 DNA and RNA by a novel internally controlled PCR assay
J Clin Microbiol
1995
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7650213
A novel internally controlled PCR (ICPCR) assay was developed to accurately quantitate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) DNA and RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and plasma. The ICPCR assay was sensitive and reproducible within a linear range of amplification of 10(0) to 10(3) copies for HIV-1 DNA and 10(1) to 10(4) copies for HIV-1 RNA. The assay detected HIV-1 RNA in plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from all HIV-1 subjects regardless of disease stage. ICPCR was compared with a branched-DNA signal amplification assay for subjects beginning antiretroviral therapy. The reductions in plasma HIV-1 RNA in response to therapy were comparable with the two assays. The ICPCR assay should be useful in monitoring HIV-1 RNA levels both in natural history studies and in clinical trials of antiretroviral agents.
10.1128/JCM.33.6.1670-1673.1995
7650213
PMC228244
DNA, Viral/*blood/*genetics Evaluation Studies as Topic Genes, gag HIV Infections/virology HIV-1/*genetics/isolation & purification Humans Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods/standards/statistics & numerical data RNA, Viral/*blood/*genetics Reproducibility of Results Sensitivity and Specificity Viremia/virology
P. D. Gupta, M., Cottrill, M., Rinaldo, C., Kingsley, L., Wolinsky, S., Mellors, J. (1995). Quantitation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 DNA and RNA by a novel internally controlled PCR assay. J Clin Microbiol, 33(6), 1670-3. PMC228244
Journal Article
Incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related and nonrelated malignancies in a large cohort of homosexual men
J Clin Oncol
1995
Oct-95
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7595705
PURPOSE: To determine if the rates of malignancies other than Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) are increased in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected homosexual men. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: From 1984 through 1993, 1,199 homosexual men were studied in the Pittsburgh component of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), an examination of the natural history of HIV infection. The cohort consisted of 769 HIV-seronegative (SN) participants and 430 seropositive (SP) members who were either seroprevalent at the time of enrollment or who seroconverted during the study. Cancer incidence data were collected through semiannual visits, phone interviews, medical records, and death certificates. Five thousand seven hundred eight person-years and 2,344 person-years were contributed to the study by the SN and SP men, respectively. RESULTS: In addition to 44 cases of KS, 13 NHLs, and 3 CNS lymphomas (CNSLs), 27 other malignancies occurred (three nonmelanoma skin cancers and e
10.1200/JCO.1995.13.10.2540
7595705
Adolescence Adult Aged AIDS cancer CD4 Lymphocyte Count Central Nervous System Neoplasms cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Comparative Study complications Disease epidemiology Genital Neoplasms,Male Hiv HIV infection HIV Seronegativity HIV Seropositivity Hodgkin Disease homosexual homosexual men Homosexuality,Male Human human immunodeficiency virus immunodeficiency immunology Immunosuppression Incidence infection lymphoma Lymphoma,AIDS-Related MACS Male Medical Records methods Middle Age Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Multicenter Studies natural history Neoplasms non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Pennsylvania population Sarcoma,Kaposi Seminoma seropositive Skin Skin Neoplasms statistics & numerical data study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. United States virus
D. W. B. Lyter, J., Thackeray, R., Rinaldo, C.R., Kingsley, L.A. (1995). Incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related and nonrelated malignancies in a large cohort of homosexual men. J Clin Oncol, 13(10), 2540-2546.
Journal Article
T cell proliferative responses to five human cytomegalovirus proteins in healthy seropositive individuals: implications for vaccine development
J Gen Virol
1995
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9049367
Cell-mediated immunity plays an important role in the host response against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection. For the development of HCMV subunit vaccines it is essential to identify which HCMV proteins can induce protective immune responses in humans. We have studied the T cell proliferative responses to five HCMV proteins (IE1, IE2, pp71, gpUL18 and gB). These five proteins were produced using the maltose-binding protein (MBP) fusion protein system. T cell proliferative responses in 23 seropositive and six seronegative individuals were evaluated. None of the six seronegative individuals showed significant responses to any of the proteins. Of the 23 seropositive individuals, five responded to all five proteins, 14 responded to between one and four proteins and four responded to none of the proteins. The most commonly recognized proteins were gB (17/23, 74%) and IE2 (16/23, 70%). pp71 and IE1 were recognized by 10 of 23 (43%) individuals. Nine of 22 (41%) individuals tested respo
10.1099/0022-1317-76-7-1603
9049367
Capsid/genetics Cytomegalovirus/*immunology Cytomegalovirus Infections/*immunology/prevention & control/virology Female HLA-DQ Antigens/immunology HLA-DR Antigens/immunology Humans Immediate-Early Proteins/genetics *Lymphocyte Activation Male Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry T-Lymphocytes/*immunology Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics Viral Matrix Proteins/genetics Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins/*immunology Viral Vaccines/*immunology
H. R. He, C. R., Jr., Morel, P. A. (1995). T cell proliferative responses to five human cytomegalovirus proteins in healthy seropositive individuals: implications for vaccine development. J Gen Virol, 76 ( Pt 7)(), 1603-10.
Journal Article
Mapping the Ig superantigen-binding site of HIV-1 gp120
J Immunol
1995
1-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7594524
The envelope glycoprotein, gp120, of HIV-1 has recently been identified as a member of the new family of Ig superantigens (Ig-SAg). This classification is based on the selective binding of gp120 to an unusually high proportion of endogenous, nonimmune Ig, and the selective activation of nonimmune B cells by gp120 in vitro. Many, if not all of the nonimmune Ig that bind to gp120 are members of the VH3 Ig gene family. The aim of this study was to determine the epitope on gp120 that was responsible for its Ig-SAg binding activity. To do this, we utilized a panel of 30 peptides derived from gp160 in a competition-binding assay. For five Igs that were tested, as well as for polyclonal serum IgM, two overlapping peptides (each 20 amino acids in length) were identified that were potent inhibitors of gp120 binding. Similarly, the 10 amino acid overlap region of these two peptides had inhibitory activity. Thus, this decamer sequence represented the optimal Ig-SAg epitope or mimotope. The amino
7594524
Amino Acid Sequence Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology *Epitope Mapping HIV Envelope Protein gp120/*metabolism HIV-1/*immunology Humans Immunoglobulin M/immunology/metabolism Molecular Sequence Data Peptides/immunology Superantigens/*metabolism
L. Z. Goodglick, N., Neshat, M. S., Braun, J. (1995). Mapping the Ig superantigen-binding site of HIV-1 gp120. J Immunol, 155(11), 5151-9.
Journal Article
Prognostic factors in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients with a CD4+ lymphocyte count < 50/mL
J Infect Dis
1995
Apr-95
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7706809
This analysis investigated variability of survival time in a cohort of 553 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected homosexual or bisexual men with < 50 CD4+ cells/microL. Median survival after the first CD4+ cell count < 50/microL was 1.34 years; 25% survived > or = 2 years. Multivariate analysis showed longer survival with concurrent acyclovir and zidovudine use, hemoglobin > or = 12 g/dL, and full-time employment (P < .0001). Other significant covariates associated with longer survival included African-American race, no prior AIDS illness, weight loss < 4.5 kg, and zidovudine use (with or without concurrent acyclovir) after CD4+ cells fell to < 50/microL. An easily derived score identified Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study subjects likely to survive > 2 years after CD4+ cell count was < 50/microL. Survival once CD4+ cell count fell below 50/microL may be longer for persons with a good performance status and specific clinical markers. Health care providers should consider the
10.1093/infdis/171.4.829
7706809
Acyclovir Adolescence Adult AIDS analysis Bisexuality CD4 Lymphocyte Count Chicago Cohort Studies cohort study drug therapy HIV Infections Hiv-1 Homosexuality,Male Human immunology Longitudinal Studies Male Middle Age mortality Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Multicenter Studies Multivariate Analysis Prognosis study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. Survival Rate therapeutic use United States Zidovudine
E. G. H. Apolonio, D.R., He, Y., Saah, A.J., Lyter, D.W., Detels, R., Kaslow, R.A., Phair, J.P. (1995). Prognostic factors in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients with a CD4+ lymphocyte count < 50/mL. J Infect Dis, 171(4), 829-836.
Journal Article
Virus burden in long-term survivors of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a determinant of anti-HIV CD8+ lymphocyte activity
J Infect Dis
1995
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7622874
Persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) for > 8 years were studied to delineate virologic and immunologic attributes of long-term survival. Whereas those with 300-700 CD4+ cells/microL often had circulating cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) against HIV antigens, those with > 1000 CD4+ cells/microL did not. The subjects with > 1000 CD4+ cells/microL had low virus burden, low levels of Gag-specific CTL precursors, and minimal CD8+ cell activation. Overall, elevated levels of CD8+ cells, CD38 antigen expression on CD8+ cells, and anti-HIV functions were correlated with increased virus burden, provirus load, and HIV plasma RNA levels. A factor that suppressed HIV replication was spontaneously secreted from CD8+ cells of most subjects but not from those with high CD4+ cell counts. CD8+ cell activities, therefore, may reflect chronic viral stimulation of the immune system. Long-term survivors with high levels of CD4+ cells maintained control of viral replication but lacked the C
10.1093/infdis/172.2.329
7622874
ADP-ribosyl Cyclase ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1 Antibodies, Viral/immunology Antigens, CD/biosynthesis Antigens, Differentiation/biosynthesis CD4 Lymphocyte Count CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*virology CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology DNA, Viral/analysis Follow-Up Studies HIV/*isolation & purification HIV Seropositivity/immunology/*virology HLA-DR Antigens/biosynthesis Humans Lymphocyte Activation Lymphocyte Count Male Membrane Glycoproteins N-Glycosyl Hydrolases/biosynthesis RNA, Viral/analysis Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology Survival Rate Survivors T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology Viral Interference/immunology Virus Cultivation Virus Replication/immunology
J. K. Ferbas, A. H., Hausner, M. A., Hultin, L. E., Matud, J. L., Liu, Z., Panicali, D. L., Nerng-Ho, H., Detels, R., Giorgi, J. V. (1995). Virus burden in long-term survivors of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a determinant of anti-HIV CD8+ lymphocyte activity. J Infect Dis, 172(2), 329-39.
Journal Article
Incidence of venereal warts in human immunodeficiency virus-infected and uninfected women
J Infect Dis
1995
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7797919
A cohort of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected (n = 253) and uninfected (n = 658) women was prospectively studied to assess the relationship between venereal warts and HIV status, adjusting for self-reported and biologic measures of sexual risk behavior. Participants were assessed every 6 months for venereal warts and other sexually transmitted diseases, self-reported sexual behavior, and CD4 cell counts. The incidence of venereal warts was significantly increased in HIV-infected women (8.2 vs. 0.8/100 person-years of follow-up). This difference remained after adjusting for measures of high-risk sexual behavior and was observed in women at all levels of immune function, including those with > or = 500/mm3 CD4 cells. The increased risk of venereal warts in HIV infection can occur relatively early in HIV disease and appears chiefly attributable to a higher risk of progression from subclinical to clinical human papillomavirus (HPV) disease rather than to a higher risk of HPV acqu
10.1093/infdis/172.1.235
7797919
Adult Age Factors Cohort Studies Condoms Condylomata Acuminata/complications/*epidemiology Female HIV Infections/*complications *HIV Seronegativity Humans Incidence Male Middle Aged New York City Risk Factors Sexual Behavior Sexually Transmitted Diseases/complications/epidemiology
K. D. F. Chirgwin, J., Augenbraun, M., Landesman, S., Minkoff, H. (1995). Incidence of venereal warts in human immunodeficiency virus-infected and uninfected women. J Infect Dis, 172(1), 235-8.
Journal Article
Identification of human immunodeficiency virus primary isolates resistant to interferon-a and correlation of prevalence to disease progression
J Infect Dis
1995
Apr-95
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7706808
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) primary isolates, derived from donors at various stages of HIV infection, were assayed for their sensitivity to interferon (IFN)-alpha 2 in vitro. These isolates displayed a broad range of sensitivity to IFN-alpha 2. The prevalence of IFN-alpha 2 resistance was low in the absence of AIDS but dramatically increased once HIV infection progressed to AIDS. Although there was no linear correlation between the percentage of IFN-alpha 2 inhibition in vitro and the CD4 cell number in vivo or the level of endogenous IFN-alpha, serum IFN-alpha levels were higher in donors with AIDS and were associated with low CD4 cell numbers. Thus, circulating IFN-alpha appeared to either promote resistance or favor survival of IFN-alpha resistant variants. IFN-alpha 2 resistance was neither limited to a particular cell tropism nor enhanced by therapy with zidovudine. Sequential analysis indicated that reversion to IFN-alpha 2 sensitivity could occur during the course of infe
10.1093/infdis/171.4.822
7706808
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome AIDS analysis Baltimore blood CD4 CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies Disease Disease Progression drug effects Drug Resistance,Microbial Female Hiv HIV infection HIV Infections Hiv-1 Human human immunodeficiency virus immunodeficiency immunology In Vitro infection Interferon Type I Interferon Type I,Recombinant Interferon-alpha Leukocytes,Mononuclear Macrophages Male pharmacology physiology Prevalence progression resistance sera Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. therapies therapy Tropism United States virology virus Virus Replication Zidovudine
M. S. F. Künzi, H., Margolick, J.B., Vlahov, D., Pitha, P.M. (1995). Identification of human immunodeficiency virus primary isolates resistant to interferon-a and correlation of prevalence to disease progression. J Infect Dis, 171(4), 822-828.
Journal Article
Association between anti-CD4 antibodies and a decline in CD4+ lymphocytes in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 seroconverters
J Infect Dis
1995
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7844366
Serum specimens (n = 161) from 31 persons before and after human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) seroconversion were tested for anti-CD4 antibodies. These antibodies were detected by both ELISA and Western blot in 55% (17/31) of subjects when HIV-1 seroconversion was detected and in 26% (8/31) from sera obtained 6-24 months earlier. A decrease in CD4+ cell number was associated more with development of anti-CD4 antibodies or peak anti-CD4 antibody activity than with development of anti-HIV-1 antibodies. Quantitative DNA polymerase chain reaction assay of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 7 seroconverters showed evidence of HIV-1 infection in 4 of 4 specimens obtained after HIV-1 seroconversion but was nonreactive for 12 of 12 specimens obtained before HIV-1 seroconversion, including 4 specimens positive for anti-CD4 antibodies by ELISA and Western blot. Therefore, anti-CD4 antibodies are frequently present in the sera of HIV-1-infected persons before and at the time HIV-1 s
10.1093/infdis/171.2.312
7844366
Antibodies/*blood Blotting, Western CD4 Antigens/*immunology CD4 Lymphocyte Count CD4-CD8 Ratio CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology DNA, Viral/*blood Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay HIV Seronegativity/immunology HIV Seropositivity/*immunology HIV-1/*immunology Humans Polymerase Chain Reaction Time Factors
S. W. Keay, W., Wasserman, S. S., Margolick, J., Farzadegan, H. (1995). Association between anti-CD4 antibodies and a decline in CD4+ lymphocytes in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 seroconverters. J Infect Dis, 171(2), 312-9.
Journal Article
Detection of CD4+ T cells harboring human immunodeficiency virus type 1 DNA by flow cytometry using simultaneous immunophenotyping and PCR- driven in situ hybridization: evidence of epitope masking of the CD4 cell surface molecule in vivo
J Virol
1995
Jul-95
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7539507
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection of T cells and cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage requires a specific interaction between the CD4 antigen expressed on the cell surface and the HIV-1 external envelope glycoprotein (gp120). To study the association between HIV-1 infection and modulation of cell surface expression of the CD4 molecule in vivo, we examined the CD4+ T cells harboring proviral DNA obtained from HIV-1-infected individuals who had received no antiretroviral therapy for at least 90 days. Simultaneous immunophenotyping of CD4 cell surface expression and PCR-driven in situ hybridization for HIV-1 DNA were used to resolve the CD4+ T cells into distinct populations predicted upon the presence or absence of proviral DNA. Among the HIV-1-infected study subjects, the percentage of CD4+ T cells harboring proviral DNA ranged from 17.3 to 55.5%, with a mean of 40.5%. Cell surface fluorescent staining with anti-CD4 antibody directed against a non-gp120 binding s
10.1128/JVI.69.7.4316-4322.1995
7539507
PMC189171
analysis Antibodies antibody Antigens Antigens,CD4 CD4 CD4+ CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes Cell Line cells Chicago Dna Dna,Viral Epitopes Flow Cytometry genetics gp120 Hiv-1 HIV-1 infection Human human immunodeficiency virus Illinois immunodeficiency Immunophenotyping In Situ Hybridization infection isolation & purification physiology Polymerase Chain Reaction population Proviruses Receptors,Antigen,T-Cell Signal Transduction study Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. t cell t-cells therapies therapy United States virology virus
B. K. G. Patterson, C., Hodara, V., Lohman, K.L., Wolinsky, S.M. (1995). Detection of CD4+ T cells harboring human immunodeficiency virus type 1 DNA by flow cytometry using simultaneous immunophenotyping and PCR- driven in situ hybridization: evidence of epitope masking of the CD4 cell surface molecule in vivo. J Virol, 69(7), 4316-4322. PMC189171
Journal Article
High levels of anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) memory cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity and low viral load are associated with lack of disease in HIV-1-infected long-term nonprogressors
J Virol
1995
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7637030
Lack of disease in long-term nonprogressors with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection was strongly associated with very low copy numbers of HIV-1 DNA and RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and plasma and the presence of high levels of anti-HIV-1 CD8+ memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for Gag, Pol, and Env, compared with levels present in intermediate and advanced progressors. CD8+ memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes may have an important role in controlling HIV-1 replication and preventing disease in long-term nonprogressors.
10.1128/JVI.69.9.5838-5842.1995
7637030
PMC189455
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy/immunology/*physiopathology Adult Aged CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology DNA, Viral/blood HIV Infections/drug therapy/immunology/*physiopathology HIV Seropositivity/drug therapy/immunology/*physiopathology HIV-1/*isolation & purification/physiology Humans *Immunologic Memory Middle Aged RNA, Viral/blood T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*immunology
C. H. Rinaldo, X. L., Fan, Z. F., Ding, M., Beltz, L., Logar, A., Panicali, D., Mazzara, G., Liebmann, J., Cottrill, M., et al., (1995). High levels of anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) memory cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity and low viral load are associated with lack of disease in HIV-1-infected long-term nonprogressors. J Virol, 69(9), 5838-42. PMC189455
Journal Article
Changes in the viral mRNA expression pattern correlate with a rapid rate of CD4+ T-cell number decline in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected individuals
J Virol
1995
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7884855
The rate of disease progression varies considerably among human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals. Several cross-sectional studies have shown an association between the stage of HIV-1 disease and the viral burden or the relative levels of viral gene expression. To study the extent of HIV-1 transcription and replication and its correlations with disease progression, we quantified serial, longitudinal samples of blood cells from 10 HIV-1-infected individuals with markedly different rates of CD4+ T-cell number decline following seroconversion. After normalization for the input nucleic acid content, multiply spliced viral mRNA and unspliced viral RNA were quantified by competitive reverse transcription-PCR using oligonucleotide primers which flank the major tat/rev/nef splice junction and span an internal region of the gag open reading frame, respectively. Coamplification of internal cRNA template controls was used to normalize for variation in the efficiency of re
10.1128/JVI.69.4.2092-2100.1995
7884855
PMC188875
Base Sequence CD4 Lymphocyte Count CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology DNA Primers DNA, Viral/blood HIV Infections/*immunology/virology HIV-1/*genetics Humans Molecular Sequence Data Proviruses/genetics RNA Splicing RNA, Messenger/*blood RNA, Viral/*blood Virus Replication
M. R. K. Furtado, L. A., Wolinsky, S. M. (1995). Changes in the viral mRNA expression pattern correlate with a rapid rate of CD4+ T-cell number decline in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected individuals. J Virol, 69(4), 2092-2100. PMC188875
Journal Article
Evidence for coinfection by multiple strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype B in an acute seroconvertor
J Virol
1995
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7815515
Sequences encoding the envelope glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) were amplified by PCR from plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained at four time points from an acute seroconvertor. Genetic analyses, including nucleotide sequencing and heteroduplex mobility studies, showed that the patient harbored three distinct populations of HIV-1 clade B envelope sequences, with nucleotide distances ranging from 9.2 to 17.2%. One population of sequences was clearly distinguishable from the others on the basis of phylogenetic analysis. In addition, sequences suggesting recombination between two of the three distinct viral populations were also found. This case of acute seroconversion provides clear and conclusive evidence that coinfection by multiple HIV-1 strains can indeed occur in vivo.
10.1128/JVI.69.2.1324-1327.1995
7815515
PMC188714
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*virology Acute Disease Adult Amino Acid Sequence Base Sequence HIV-1/*classification/genetics Humans Male Molecular Sequence Data Phylogeny Recombination, Genetic
T. W. Zhu, N., Carr, A., Wolinsky, S., Ho, D. D. (1995). Evidence for coinfection by multiple strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype B in an acute seroconvertor. J Virol, 69(2), 1324-7. PMC188714
Journal Article
Predictors for failure of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
JAMA
1995
19-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7707627
OBJECTIVE: To identify clinical and epidemiological factors associated with failure of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) prophylaxis in those receiving primary and secondary prophylaxis. DESIGN: Longitudinal cohort study of participants infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study who used PCP prophylaxis regimens after their T-helper lymphocyte counts had decreased to less than 0.200 x 10(9)/L (200/microL). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Occurrence or recurrence of PCP. RESULTS: A total of 476 participants reported taking one or more of the following regimens: trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), dapsone, and/or aerosolized pentamidine--367 as primary prophylaxis and 109 as secondary prophylaxis after a previous episode of PCP. A total of 92 (20%) developed PCP despite prophylaxis. The mean failure rates per person-year of follow-up were 16.0% for those receiving primary prophylaxis and 12.1% for those receiving secondary prophylaxis (P = .19).
7707627
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/drug therapy/immunology/mortality/*prevention & control Adult CD4 Lymphocyte Count Dapsone/therapeutic use HIV Infections/*immunology/mortality/*therapy *hiv-1 Humans Immune Tolerance Longitudinal Studies Male Multivariate Analysis Pentamidine/therapeutic use Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/drug therapy/immunology/mortality/*prevention & control Proportional Hazards Models Recurrence Survival Analysis Treatment Failure Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination/therapeutic use
A. J. H. Saah, D. R., Peng, Y., Phair, J. P., Visscher, B., Kingsley, L. A., Schrager, L. K. (1995). Predictors for failure of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. JAMA, 273(15), 1197-202.
Journal Article
T38 Reactivity of workshop T-cell section mAb with circulating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in HIV disease and following in vitro activation
Leukocyte Typing V: White Cell Differentiation Antigens
1995
activation Antigens CD4+ CD8+ Cell Differentiation Disease Hiv In Vitro PBMC t cell t-cells workshop
Book Section
Cytologic diagnosis of anal intraepithelial neoplasia using smears and cytyc thin-preps
Mod Pathol
1995
Apr-95
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7617653
To investigate the optimal cytologic method for detecting anal intraepithelial neoplasia, the quality and diagnostic findings in 117 conventionally prepared smears and 191 CYTYC Thin-Preps were compared. Samples were obtained with a dacron swab from subjects participating in a longitudinal study of gay or bisexual men known as the Study to Help the AIDS Research Effort (SHARE). The smear takers were general clinicians who had no experience in obtaining cytologic specimens from the anus. Smears were entirely satisfactory in 48 (41.0%) subjects, limited for interpretation in 41 (35.0%), and unsatisfactory in 28 (23.9%). CYTYC preparations were satisfactory in 158 (82.7%) cases and unsatisfactory in 33 (17.3%). Insufficient cellularity was the most frequent reason for both unsatisfactory smears and CYTYC preparations, but air drying artifact was present in nearly every smear. Squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) were detected in four (4.5%) smears compared to 53 (33.6%) CYTYC slides. T
7617653
AIDS Anus Anus Neoplasms bisexual bisexual men Carcinoma in Situ Carcinoma,Squamous Cell cells Comparative Study complications Cytodiagnosis Cytological Techniques diagnosis diagnostic HIV Infections Homosexuality,Male Human longitudinal Longitudinal Studies Male pathology research standards study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. United States
M. E. F. Sherman, H.B., Busseniers, A.E., Kelly, W.F., Carner, T.C., Saah, A.J. (1995). Cytologic diagnosis of anal intraepithelial neoplasia using smears and cytyc thin-preps. Mod Pathol, 8(3), 270-274.
Journal Article
Studies in subjects with long-term nonprogressive human immunodeficiency virus infection
N Engl J Med
1995
26-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7808486
BACKGROUND: In a small percentage of persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), there is no progression of disease and CD4+ T-cell counts remain stable for many years. Studies of the histopathological, virologic, and immunologic characteristics of these persons may provide insight into the pathogenic mechanisms that lead to HIV disease and the protective mechanisms that prevent progression to overt disease. METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied 15 subjects with long-term nonprogressive HIV infection and 18 subjects with progressive HIV disease. Nonprogressive infection was defined as seven or more years of documented HIV infection, with more than 600 CD4+ T cells per cubic millimeter, no antiretroviral therapy, and no HIV-related disease. Lymph nodes from the subjects with nonprogressive infection had significantly fewer of the hyperplastic features, and none of the involuted features, characteristic of nodes from subjects with progressive disease. Plasma levels of HI
10.1056/NEJM199501263320402
7808486
Adult CD4 Lymphocyte Count Disease Progression Female HIV Antibodies/blood HIV Infections/*immunology/pathology/virology HIV Seropositivity/immunology/pathology/virology *HIV-1/genetics/isolation & purification/ultrastructure Humans Leukocytes, Mononuclear/virology Lymph Nodes/pathology Male Middle Aged RNA, Viral/isolation & purification Viremia/virology
G. M. Pantaleo, S., Vaccarezza, M., Graziosi, C., Cohen, O. J., Demarest, J. F., Montefiori, D., Orenstein, J. M., Fox, C., Schrager, L. K., et al., (1995). Studies in subjects with long-term nonprogressive human immunodeficiency virus infection. N Engl J Med, 332(4), 209-16.
Journal Article
Failure of T-cell homeostasis preceding AIDS in HIV-1 infection. The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
Nat Med
1995
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7585150
We and others have postulated that a constant number of T lymphocytes is normally maintained without regard to CD4+ or CD8+ phenotype ('blind' T-cell homeostasis). Here we confirm essentially constant T-cell levels (despite marked decline in CD4+ T cells and increase in CD8+ T cells) in homosexual men with incident human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV-1), infection who remained free of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) for up to eight years after seroconversion. In contrast, seroconverters who developed AIDS exhibited rapidly declining T cells (both CD4+ and CD8+) for approximately two years before AIDS, independent of the time between seroconversion and AIDS, suggesting that homeostasis failure is an important landmark in HIV disease progression. Given the high rate of T-cell turnover in HIV-1 infection, blind T-cell homeostasis may contribute to HIV pathogenesis through a CD8+ T lymphocytosis that interferes with regeneration of lost CD4+ T cells.
10.1038/nm0795-674
7585150
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology/*physiopathology CD4-CD8 Ratio CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*pathology CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*pathology Cohort Studies Disease Progression HIV Infections/immunology/*physiopathology HIV Seropositivity/immunology *hiv-1 *Hematopoiesis Homeostasis Homosexuality Humans *Lymphocyte Count Lymphocytosis/etiology Male Time Factors
J. B. M. Margolick, A., Donnenberg, A. D., Park, L. P., Galai, N., Giorgi, J. V., O'Gorman, M. R., Ferbas, J. (1995). Failure of T-cell homeostasis preceding AIDS in HIV-1 infection. The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Nat Med, 1(7), 674-80.
Journal Article
In vivo fate of HIV-1-infected T cells: quantitative analysis of the transition to stable latency
Nat Med
1995
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7489410
Although it is presumed that the integration of HIV-1 into the genome of infected CD4+ T lymphocytes allows viral persistence, there has been little direct evidence that CD4+ T cells with integrated provirus function as a latent reservoir for HIV-1 in infected individuals. Using resting CD4+ T-cell populations of extremely high purity and a novel assay that selectively and unambiguously detects integrated HIV-1, we show that resting CD4+ T cells harbouring integrated provirus are present in some infected individuals. However, these cells do not accumulate within the circulating pool of resting CD4+ T cells in the early stages of HIV-1 infection and do not accumulate even after prolonged periods in long-term survivors of HIV-1 infection. These results suggest that because of viral cytopathic effects and/or host effector mechanisms, productively infected CD4+ T cells do not generally survive for long enough to revert to a resting memory state in vivo.
10.1038/nm1295-1284
7489410
Base Sequence CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*virology Cell Separation DNA Primers DNA, Viral/*analysis HIV Infections/blood/*virology HIV-1/*genetics/isolation & purification Humans Molecular Sequence Data Polymerase Chain Reaction Proviruses/*genetics Virus Integration Virus Latency
T. W. F. Chun, D., Margolick, J., Chadwick, K., Schwartz, D., Siliciano, R. F. (1995). In vivo fate of HIV-1-infected T cells: quantitative analysis of the transition to stable latency. Nat Med, 1(12), 1284-90.
Journal Article
Cutaneous innervation in sensory neuropathies: evaluation by skin biopsy
Neurology
1995
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7477980
OBJECTIVE: To use punch skin biopsies to evaluate the loss of intra-epidermal nerve fibers in sensory neuropathies. BACKGROUND: Previous assessments of epidermal nerve fibers have been constrained by relatively insensitive staining techniques and variability in quantification. METHODS: Punch skin biopsies were performed on the heel and leg of HIV-seronegative controls, HIV-seropositive individuals without neuropathy, and patients with sensory neuropathies, including HIV-seronegative and HIV-positive individuals. After formalin fixation, 50-microns free-floating sections were stained with a monoclonal antibody to neuron-specific ubiquitin hydrolase, PGP9.5. The number of intraepidermal fibers/mm in at least three sections from each patient was counted by one observer blinded to site and clinical status. RESULTS: Dermal and epidermal nerve fibers were readily identified and quantified. The immunostaining technique reliably demonstrated a dermal plexus of myelinated and unmyelinated fiber
10.1212/wnl.45.10.1848
7477980
Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Biopsy Humans Middle Aged Nerve Fibers/pathology Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/*pathology *Sensation Skin/*innervation/pathology Staining and Labeling
B. G. H. McCarthy, S. T., Stocks, A., Hauer, P., Macko, C., Cornblath, D. R., Griffin, J. W., McArthur, J. C. (1995). Cutaneous innervation in sensory neuropathies: evaluation by skin biopsy. Neurology, 45(10), 1848-55.
Journal Article
Cognitive performance after progression to AIDS: a longitudinal study from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
Neurology
1995
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7854524
OBJECTIVE: To describe changes in cognitive functioning before and after development of an acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining illness or CD4+ lymphocyte count < 200/mm3 in participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. METHODS: The study population included participants who either were diagnosed with an AIDS-defining illness (n = 52) or had at least one measurement of CD4+ count < 200/mm3 (n = 57) and who had at least four neuropsychological (NP) evaluations, two or more before and two or more after the AIDS diagnosis. A group of subjects with clinical diagnosis of dementia (n = 29) was also included for comparison. The NP test battery included measures of attention, memory, constructional abilities, and psychomotor speed. Longitudinal data analysis, using the generalized estimating equation, was performed separately for each NP measure. Time was measured in months from the date of clinical AIDS or CD4+ < 200/mm3. RESULTS: Before AIDS< the dementia group showed sig
10.1212/wnl.45.2.267
7854524
AIDS Dementia Complex/*psychology Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*psychology CD4 Lymphocyte Count *Cognition Cohort Studies Functional Laterality HIV Seropositivity/*psychology Homosexuality, Male Humans Learning Longitudinal Studies Male Memory Neuropsychological Tests Psychomotor Performance Regression Analysis Time Factors
O. A. G. Selnes, N., Bacellar, H., Miller, E. N., Becker, J. T., Wesch, J., Van Gorp, W., McArthur, J. C. (1995). Cognitive performance after progression to AIDS: a longitudinal study from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Neurology, 45(2), 267-75.
Journal Article
Ascertainment bias and neuropsychological performance in HIV-1 disease
Neuropsychology
1995
1995
https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1995-29906-001
10.1037/0894-4105.9.2.206
asymptomatic bias Disease Hiv-1 Neuropsychological recruitment symptomatic
W. G. H. Van Gorp, C.H., Moore, L.H., Miller, E.N., Marcotte, T.D., Satz, P., Weisman, J. (1995). Ascertainment bias and neuropsychological performance in HIV-1 disease. Neuropsychology, 9(2), 206-210.
Journal Article
Kaposi sarcoma presenting as a vulvar mass
Obstet Gynecol
1995
Oct
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7675418/
Background: Kaposi sarcoma has become a common manifestation in people with AIDS, especially men. A few reports of Kaposi sarcoma in women with AIDS have involved nongenital areas. However, of the few patients with genital Kaposi sarcoma reported in the United States, none was believed to be human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive. Genital Kaposi sarcoma associated with HIV has been reported in other parts of the world. Case: A 29-year-old black woman presented with severe vulvar pain, vaginal discharge, and a vulvar mass. She had been diagnosed with AIDS 25 months earlier. Biopsy of the vulvar mass revealed Kaposi sarcoma; viral analysis of the tumor was positive for herpes simplex virus type 2. Sequencing of polymerase chain reaction product verified the presence of human papillomavirus 26. Conclusion: We report an HIV-associated Kaposi sarcoma presenting as a vulvar mass. This report should alert health care providers to include Kaposi sarcoma in the differential diagnosis of Vu
10.1016/0029-7844(95)00090-e
7675418
aids risk hiv
M. D. Macasaet, A., Thelmo, W., Vernon, S., Unger, E. (1995). Kaposi sarcoma presenting as a vulvar mass. Obstet Gynecol, 86(4), 695-697.
Journal Article
PCR-based ancillary techniques
PCR Based Clinical Diagnostics
1995
ancillary methods clinical diagnostic PCR
Book Section
Immune system changes after the death of a partner in HIV-positive gay men
Psychosom Med
1995
Nov-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8600481
The objectives of this study were to determine 1) whether immune changes relevant to HIV progression occurred in HIV-seropositive men after the death of their intimate partner, and 2) whether depressed mood was associated with these immune changes. The bereaved group consisted of 39 gay men whose intimate partners had died of AIDS over the past year; the nonbereaved group consisted of 39 age- and HIV serostatus-matched nonbereaved men. Immunological parameters were assayed from blood samples drawn before and within 1 year after the death of the partner (bereaved group) or over an equivalent time period (nonbereaved group). In the HIV-seropositive bereaved men only, a significant increase in immune activation and a significant decrease in the proliferative response to phytohemagglutinin occurred after the death of the partner. These immunological changes were not explained by the use of recreational drugs, alcohol, cigarettes, or AZT. These data indicate that the death of an intimate pa
10.1097/00006842-199511000-00007
8600481
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/mortality Adolescent Adult Antibodies, Monoclonal *Bereavement Depressive Disorder/etiology/*immunology HIV Seropositivity/*immunology *Homosexuality, Male Humans *Immunity Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology Male Middle Aged Phenotype Phytohemagglutinins/blood Psychoneuroimmunology
M. E. W. Kemeny, H., Duran, R., Taylor, S. E., Visscher, B., Fahey, J. L. (1995). Immune system changes after the death of a partner in HIV-positive gay men. Psychosom Med, 57(6), 547-54.
Journal Article
AIDS dementia complex: evaluation with proton MR spectroscopic imaging
Radiology
1995
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7892496
PURPOSE: To investigate cerebral metabolic changes in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome dementia complex (ADC) with proton magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopic imaging and compare the findings with those of conventional MR imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seven patients with ADC (all men; age range, 33-58 years; mean, 43 years) with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and seven age-matched volunteers without HIV infection underwent spectroscopic and conventional MR imaging. RESULTS: Patient spectra were characterized by reduced levels of N-acetyl aspartate and increased levels of choline in white-matter regions. Lactate was detected in the cerebrospinal fluid of five patients. Four patients with mild to moderate dementia had more extensive metabolic abnormalities than three patients with only mild neurocognitive changes. CONCLUSION: Proton MR spectroscopic imaging shows extensive metabolic changes and is more sensitive than conventional MR imaging in the detection of central
10.1148/radiology.195.1.7892496
7892496
AIDS Dementia Complex/*diagnosis/metabolism Adult Aspartic Acid/analogs & derivatives/metabolism Brain/*metabolism/pathology Choline/metabolism Humans Lactates/cerebrospinal fluid Lactic Acid *Magnetic Resonance Imaging *Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Male Sensitivity and Specificity
P. B. L. Barker, R. R., McArthur, J. C. (1995). AIDS dementia complex: evaluation with proton MR spectroscopic imaging. Radiology, 195(1), 58-64.
Journal Article
Apoptosis parallels lymphopoiesis in bone marrow transplantation and HIV disease
Res Immunol
1995
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7569309
Apoptosis has been implicated in a variety of physiological processes ranging from tissue modeling to deletion of autoreactive T lymphocytes during thymic development. The recent finding that a large proportion of peripheral T cells from HIV-infected subjects (corrected from subjects) apoptose in culture raises an important issue: does this represent a pathologic mechanism by which the virus disrupts the immune system, or a normal physiologic response to virus-mediated T-cell loss? To study the potential relationship between apoptosis and lymphopoiesis, we compared apoptosis rates in unstimulated lymphocyte cultures from healthy subjects, HIV+ gay men, and bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients undergoing immune reconstruction. BMT recipients were chosen because they undergo massive regeneration of lymphocytes following marrow ablation and graft infusion. The data obtained in BMT recipients suggests that elevated apoptosis accompanies, and is the consequence of, elevated lymphopoiesis
10.1016/0923-2494(96)80236-7
7569309
Apoptosis/*immunology Bone Marrow Transplantation/*immunology CD4 Lymphocyte Count CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology HIV Infections/blood/*immunology Hematopoiesis/*immunology Humans Male T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
A. D. M. Donnenberg, J. B., Beltz, L. A., Donnenberg, V. S., Rinaldo, C. R., Jr. (1995). Apoptosis parallels lymphopoiesis in bone marrow transplantation and HIV disease. Res Immunol, 146(1), 21-Nov.
Journal Article
Neuronal density in the superior frontal and temporal gyri does not correlate with the degree of human immunodeficiency virus-associated dementia
Acta Neuropathol (Berl)
1994
1994
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7879600
Human immune deficiency virus (HIV) disease may be associated, neuropathologically, with significant neuronal loss and clinically with a severe dementia. However, the significance of neuronal loss in the development of dementia has not been established. In this study we have undertaken a stereological determination of the neuronal numerical density and neuronal volumes in post mortem tissue from the superior frontal and superior temporal gyri in 32 patients who died of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). All were prospectively clinically characterized, with dementia identified or excluded, and antiretroviral medication documented. This study combines morphometric techniques with prospective clinical assessment of dementia. As previously demonstrated, all patients dying with AIDS showed neuronal loss, but this was not related to the presence of HIV-associated dementia
10.1007/BF00296490
7879600
AIDS AIDS Dementia Complex Disease drug therapy Frontal Lobe Hiv Human immune deficiency immunodeficiency Neurons pathology Prospective Studies study Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. Temporal Lobe therapeutic use virus Zidovudine
I. P. G. Everall, J.D., McArthur, J., Spargo, E., Lantos, P. (1994). Neuronal density in the superior frontal and temporal gyri does not correlate with the degree of human immunodeficiency virus-associated dementia. Acta Neuropathol (Berl), 88(6), 538-544.
Journal Article
Encefalopatia por virus humano de immunodeficiencia [HIV Infection in the CNS]
Actualizacions en SIDA
1994
Nov-94
AIDS CNS Hiv human immunodeficiency virus virus
O. L. B. López, J.T., Sudilovsky, A. (1994). Encefalopatia por virus humano de immunodeficiencia [HIV Infection in the CNS]. Actualizacions en SIDA, 2(6), 224-231.
Journal Article
Cytokine dysregulation in HIV-associated neurological disease
Adv Neuroimmunol
1994
1994
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7874388
AIDS is associated with three major neurological syndromes: dementia (HIVD), vacuolar myelopathy (VM) and plainful sensory neuropathy (PSN). The pathogenesis of these conditions remains unclear although they all demonstrate a marked increase in macrophage number and activation despite systemic immunosuppression. It was therefore of interest to determine the profile of cytokine and HIV expression in brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves of AIDS patients with AD, VM and PSN, as compared to AIDS patients without neurological disease and seronegative controls. RNA was extracted from brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerve and RT/PCR for cytokine and HIV mRNA was performed. In situ RT/PCR was performed to determine the number and type of cells expressing cytokine message and this was compared to the number of cells containing HIV DNA detected with in situ PCR. We found a consistent profile of increased TNF alpha and decreased IFN gamma and IL4 in all three syndromes compared to AIDS pati
10.1016/s0960-5428(06)80258-5
7874388
AIDS Dementia Complex/*physiopathology Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/metabolism Cytokines/*biosynthesis/genetics *Gene Expression Regulation Gene Expression Regulation, Viral HIV Seronegativity Humans Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis/genetics Interleukin-4/deficiency Interleukins/biosynthesis/genetics Macrophage Activation Models, Biological Nervous System/metabolism/virology Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/metabolism Polymerase Chain Reaction Prostaglandins/biosynthesis RNA, Messenger/analysis RNA, Viral/biosynthesis Spinal Cord Diseases/metabolism T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/biosynthesis/genetics
S. L. G. Wesselingh, J., McArthur, J. C., Griffin, J. W., Griffin, D. E. (1994). Cytokine dysregulation in HIV-associated neurological disease. Adv Neuroimmunol, 4(3), 199-206.
Journal Article
HIV Gag p17 protein impairs proliferation of normal lymphocytes in vitro
AIDS
1994
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7946090
10.1097/00002030-199407000-00025
7946090
Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology Antibody Specificity Cell Division Cells, Cultured Gene Products, gag/chemistry/immunology/pharmacology/*physiology HIV Antibodies/immunology/pharmacology HIV Antigens/chemistry/immunology/pharmacology/*physiology HIV-1/*physiology Humans T-Lymphocytes/cytology/*microbiology *Viral Proteins gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
B. N. Hofmann, P., Fan, J., Nguyen, T., Fahey, J. L. (1994). HIV Gag p17 protein impairs proliferation of normal lymphocytes in vitro. AIDS, 8(7), 1016-7.
Journal Article
Methods of controlling for demographic differences in neuropsychological studies of HIV infection
AIDS
1994
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8043240
10.1097/00002030-199402000-00026
8043240
Age Factors *Bias Educational Status HIV Infections/*psychology Humans Intelligence Tests *Neuropsychological Tests Psychomotor Performance *Research Design
E. N. S. Miller, O. A., Satz, P. (1994). Methods of controlling for demographic differences in neuropsychological studies of HIV infection. AIDS, 8(2), 280-1.
Journal Article
Altered cortical blood flow in HIV-seropositive individuals with and without dementia: a single photon emission computed tomography study
AIDS
1994
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8011253
OBJECTIVE: To quantitatively demonstrate the pattern of cerebral perfusion abnormalities in HIV-1-infected individuals described as 'patchiness' or inhomogeneity in previous qualitative emission tomographic imaging studies. DESIGN: We aimed to create a quantitative measure of inhomogeneity in HIV-infected individuals. High-frequency variance in cortical profiles is an indication of inhomogeneity in the distribution of radiotracer in the cerebral cortex. Therefore, the study analysis was designed to enable the estimation of variance frequencies in cortical profiles. METHODS: Regional cerebral blood flow was examined in nine mildly demented and 10 cognitively normal HIV-1-seropositive individuals and eight seronegative normal controls using single photon emission computed tomography with the radiotracer [I-123]-N-isopropyl-p-iodoamphetamine. Quantitative analysis was performed using circumferential profiles of cerebral cortical perfusion. Fourier transform power spectra of the profiles w
10.1097/00002030-199404000-00012
8011253
AIDS Dementia Complex/diagnostic imaging/*physiopathology Adult Cerebral Cortex/*blood supply/diagnostic imaging *Cerebrovascular Circulation Fourier Analysis HIV Infections/diagnostic imaging/*physiopathology HIV Seropositivity/physiopathology Humans Male Middle Aged Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
G. J. P. Harris, G. D., McArthur, J. C., Zeger, S., LaFrance, N. D. (1994). Altered cortical blood flow in HIV-seropositive individuals with and without dementia: a single photon emission computed tomography study. AIDS, 8(4), 495-9.
Journal Article
Flow cytometry studies in HIV disease: Relevance to AIDS vaccine development
AIDS
1994
1994
AIDS CD38 antigen cytotoxic T cell helper Disease Flow Cytometry helper t cell Hiv HIV infection Immunophenotyping SIV infection study surrogate marker t lymphocytes vaccine vaccines
J. V. J. Giorgi, G. (1994). Flow cytometry studies in HIV disease: Relevance to AIDS vaccine development. AIDS, 8(Suppl. 1), S183-S193.
Journal Article
Long-term survivors of HIV-1 infection: definitions and research challenges
AIDS
1994
1994
https://jhu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/long-term-survivors-of-hiv-1-infection-definitions-and-research-c-4
AIDS definition Epidemiologic Methods Hiv-1 HIV-1 infection infection long-term survivors research Survival Rate survivor Survivors
L. K. Y. Schrager, J.M., Fowler, M.G., Mathieson, B.J., Vermund, S.H. (1994). Long-term survivors of HIV-1 infection: definitions and research challenges. AIDS, 8(suppl 1), S95-S108.
Journal Article
Detection of HIV-1 proviral DNA in sperm from HIV-1-infected men
AIDS
1994
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7888115
OBJECTIVE: Sexual transmission is a major mode of the spread of HIV-1, although the cellular and molecular mechanisms are poorly defined. In this study, we sought to assess the cellular reservoirs of HIV-1 proviral DNA in the semen of HIV-1-infected men. DESIGN AND METHODS: An in situ polymerase chain reaction (IS-PCR), which amplifies specific genes within intact cells, was used to evaluate levels of HIV-1 provirus in seminal cells from HIV-1-infected men in various stages of clinical disease. RESULTS: Initial studies demonstrated HIV-1 provirus in relatively low numbers (1:100 to 1:6000) of both the seminal mononuclear cells and sperm from certain HIV-1-infected men. To extend these findings, 94 seminal samples from HIV-1-infected men were evaluated. HIV-1 proviral DNA was detected in seminal cells of a significant percentage of HIV-1-infected men (45%) at all stages of clinical immunodeficiency. Both seminal mononuclear cells and sperm (35 and 33% of samples studied, respectively) h
10.1097/00002030-199412000-00005
7888115
CD4 Lymphocyte Count DNA, Viral/*genetics/*isolation & purification Disease Reservoirs HIV Infections/immunology/transmission/*virology HIV-1/*genetics/*isolation & purification Humans In Vitro Techniques Leukocytes, Mononuclear/virology Male Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods Proviruses/*genetics/*isolation & purification Semen/cytology/virology Sexual Behavior Spermatozoa/ultrastructure/*virology
O. F. Bagasra, H., Seshamma, T., Oakes, J. W., Saah, A., Pomerantz, R. J. (1994). Detection of HIV-1 proviral DNA in sperm from HIV-1-infected men. AIDS, 8(12), 1669-74.
Journal Article
Psychosocial factors associated with risky sexual behavior among HIV- seropositive gay men
AIDS Educ Prev
1994
Dec-94
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7702959
The present study examines sociodemographic characteristics, levels of psychological distress, and coping styles among HIV-seropositive (HIV+) gay men who either did or did not engage in sexual activity which placed others at risk for HIV infection. Risky sexual behavior was defined as engaging in insertive anal intercourse. Respondents were 156 HIV+ men enrolled at the Pittsburgh site of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study in 1989-90. HIV+ men who engaged in risky sexual behavior, while similar to remaining HIV+ men on most sociodemographic characteristics, showed lower levels of psychological distress and somewhat higher feelings of control over their lives. Risky men were less likely to employ active, behavioral strategies for day-to-day coping with the issues of HIV infection and AIDS, and were more likely to report using recreational drugs to reduce tension associated with thoughts about HIV. This profile of psychosocial characteristics associated with risky sexual activity may lead
7702959
Adult AIDS anal intercourse Anger Anxiety behavior behavioral Blotting,Western characteristics cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Comparative Study complications control coping Depression drugs Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay gay men Hiv HIV infection HIV Seropositivity Homosexuality,Male Hostility Human infection Male Middle Age multicenter Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Multicenter Studies Personality Inventory Pittsburgh psychiatry psychological psychology psychosocial Risk Risk-Taking seropositive Sex Behavior sexual sexual activity sexual behavior Socioeconomic Factors Somatoform Disorders study transmission United States
A. G. D. Robins, M.A., Davidson, S., Penkower, L., Becker, J.T., Kingsley, L. (1994). Psychosocial factors associated with risky sexual behavior among HIV- seropositive gay men. AIDS Educ Prev, 6(6), 483-492.
Journal Article
Brokering: a process for establishing long-term and stable links with gay male communities for research and public health education
AIDS Educ Prev
1994
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8024944
The success of efforts to prevent continued transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and to increase compliance with HIV prophylactic interventions among homosexual and bisexual men will depend in part on health care professionals' understanding of and ability to establish linkages with these men. In order to recruit men into a research project and an educational program, staff at the Pitt Men's Study, an epidemiological investigation of HIV infection, developed a process described here as "brokering," which was based on community organizing and marketing principles. Brokering is a dynamic process by which researchers and public health professionals exchange goods and services with formal and informal leaders of the gay community in order to establish strong, long-term linkages. To date, this process yielded 2,989 homosexual and bisexual recruits into the study, which began in 1983. After 8 years, 79% of those still alive continue to return for follow-up. While recruitmen
8024944
*Bisexuality *Community Participation *Epidemiologic Methods HIV Infections/epidemiology/*prevention & control/transmission Health Education/*organization & administration *Homosexuality Humans Interinstitutional Relations Longitudinal Studies Male Marketing of Health Services/organization & administration Motivation *Negotiating Patient Compliance Professional-Patient Relations Public Health/*education Research
A. J. Silvestre (1994). Brokering: a process for establishing long-term and stable links with gay male communities for research and public health education. AIDS Educ Prev, 6(1), 65-73.
Journal Article
Keynote address: variations in the natural history of HIV infection
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
1994
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7811537
In general, the natural history of HIV infection as revealed by prospective cohort studies such as the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) is consistent with our current understanding of the immunopathogenesis of HIV disease. Although the limitations of CD4+ T cell counts as a predictor of response to therapy are now recognized, enumeration of these cells remains an important predictor of outcome. Additional information regarding prognosis can be obtained using other immunological and virological information. Analysis of data from cohort studies has revealed varying patterns of CD4+ lymphocyte count decline associated with differing evidence of immune activation, specific antibody responses, CD8+ T cell responses, and level of viral burden. Of interest, some asymptomatic HIV-infected persons appear to show immune stability in the absence of therapeutic interventions. In addition, the combination of antiretroviral therapy and prophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (but apparent
10.1089/aid.1994.10.883
7811537
CD4 Lymphocyte Count CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology Clinical Trials as Topic Cohort Studies Disease Progression HIV Infections/drug therapy/*immunology Humans Male Multicenter Studies as Topic
J. P. Phair (1994). Keynote address: variations in the natural history of HIV infection. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 10(8), 883-5.
Journal Article
The multidimensional nature of received social support in gay men at risk of HIV infection and AIDS
Am J Community Psychol
1994
Jun-94
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7879745
This article concerns received social support in gay men at risk of HIV and AIDS. Distinctions are made between three types of support (informational, tangible, emotional), four sources of support (friends, relatives, partner, organizations), and three dimensions of support (amount, satisfaction, reciprocity). A 24-item inventory reflecting these distinctions was administered to a sample of 587 gay men at two points in time. The psychometric properties of the instrument were determined, and the factor structure of the items varying sources and types of social support were tested. This was done by exploratory as well as by confirmatory factor analyses. The hypothesized structure was confirmed in both waves separately. Results corroborated the assumption that enacted or received social support is a highly differentiated construct and requires assessment tools that are designed according. Descriptive results on the support perceptions in this sample are also presented. Implications for th
10.1007/BF02506869
7879745
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Adolescence Adult AIDS Bisexuality Cohort Studies Hiv HIV infection HIV Infections HIV Seropositivity Homosexuality,Male Human infection Male Middle Age Personality Inventory psychology Psychometrics Risk Risk Factors Sexual Partners Social Support statistics & numerical data study Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. United States
R. D.-S. Schwarzer, C., Kemeny, M. (1994). The multidimensional nature of received social support in gay men at risk of HIV infection and AIDS. Am J Community Psychol, 22(3), 319-339.
Journal Article
Sexually transmitted diseases, sexual behavior, and cocaine use in inner-city women
Am J Epidemiol
1994
15-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7998594
The prevalence of untreated sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) was assessed in a cohort of 372 sexually active inner-city women (92% black, 49% US-born) with no history of injection drug use who were recruited in Brooklyn, New York, in 1990 and 1991. The presence of STDs was assessed via culture, serologic analyses, and medical history. Sexual and drug-use histories were obtained, as was a urine sample for toxicologic analysis. Thirty-five percent of the women had at least one STD (27% Trichomonas vaginalis, 6.8% Chlamydia trachomatis, 5.2% syphilis, 2.4% human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and 1.4% Neisseria gonorrhoeae). US-born women were more likely than foreign-born (96% Caribbean) women to have an STD (50% vs. 22%; p < 0.001). Among US-born women, 61% of crack and/or cocaine users had an STD as opposed to 34% of non-users (OR = 2.9, 95% CI 1.6-5.5). Recent crack cocaine use was the strongest predictor of syphilis infection (OR = 12.8, p = 0.019), and was reported by each of the
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117212
7998594
Adult *Cocaine Crack Cocaine Cross-Sectional Studies Female HIV Infections/epidemiology Humans Logistic Models Middle Aged Odds Ratio Prevalence *Sexual Behavior Sexually Transmitted Diseases/*epidemiology/etiology Substance-Related Disorders/*complications Urban Population/*statistics & numerical data
J. A. K. DeHovitz, P., Feldman, J., Sierra, M. F., Clarke, L., Bromberg, J., Wan, J. Y., Vermund, S. H., Landesman, S. (1994). Sexually transmitted diseases, sexual behavior, and cocaine use in inner-city women. Am J Epidemiol, 140(12), 1125-34.
Journal Article
Sudden unexpected death in a male homosexual cohort
Am J Forensic Med Pathol
1994
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7825557
There has been considerable debate as to the risk of suicide, accidents, and homicide in populations at high risk for HIV infection. The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the incidence of sudden and unexpected deaths in a well-defined cohort of homosexual and bisexual men prospectively studied since 1984. All subjects were enrolled in the Pitt Men's Study, the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, component of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Of this group, 861 were between the ages of 20 and 44, and 35% were seropositive for HIV. There were 70 deaths attributed to AIDS. Five additional deaths were classified as sudden and unexpected, an annual rate of 0.08% (80/100,000). Only one of these was classified by the coroner's office as a suicide; three were due to accidents, and one was a drug overdose of undetermined cause. Only two of the five unexpected deaths were HIV seropositive, and none had the diagnosis of AIDS. The sudden and unexpected death rate in this cohort did not
10.1097/00000433-199409000-00013
7825557
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology Adult Bisexuality/statistics & numerical data Cohort Studies Death, Sudden/*epidemiology Homosexuality, Male/*statistics & numerical data Humans Incidence Male Middle Aged Pennsylvania/epidemiology Prospective Studies Suicide/*statistics & numerical data
O. K. P. Ndimbie, J. A., Kingsley, L., Harty, L., Winkelstein, A. (1994). Sudden unexpected death in a male homosexual cohort. Am J Forensic Med Pathol, 15(3), 247-50.
Journal Article
Modulation of major histocompatibility complex antigen expression by viral infection
Am J Pathol
1994
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8160765
8160765
PMC1887252
Animals Cytomegalovirus Infections/immunology Down-Regulation Histocompatibility Antigens/*immunology Humans Major Histocompatibility Complex/*immunology Up-Regulation Virus Diseases/*immunology
C. R. Rinaldo, Jr. (1994). Modulation of major histocompatibility complex antigen expression by viral infection. Am J Pathol, 144(4), 637-50. PMC1887252
Journal Article
Revenge of the microbes. Superantigens of the T and B cell lineage
Am J Pathol
1994
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8160764
8160764
PMC1887238
Animals Antigens, Bacterial/immunology Antigens, Viral/immunology B-Lymphocytes/*immunology Bacteria/immunology Humans Superantigens/*immunology T-Lymphocytes/*immunology Viruses/immunology
L. B. Goodglick, J. (1994). Revenge of the microbes. Superantigens of the T and B cell lineage. Am J Pathol, 144(4), 623-36. PMC1887238
Journal Article
Beta 2-microglobulin and other early predictors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-related wasting
Ann Epidemiol
1994
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7911378
The objective of this study was to determine whether beta 2-microglobulin, neopterin, nutritional status, clinical status, immunosuppression, and hematologic status are predictors of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related wasting and wasting syndrome. In addition, we aimed to determine which factors are early predictors and which are late predictors of wasting. For this cohort study of HIV-1-seropositive men seen semiannually from 1984 to 1991, a nested case-control design was used to analyze the predictive value of independent variables collected at baseline (first study visit for the seropositive cohort, first seropositive visit for seroconverters), 12 to 18 months prior, 6 to 12 months prior, and less than 6 months prior to the time at which case patients and control subjects were identified. Data on beta 2-microglobulin, neopterin, educational status, and diet were only available at baseline. A total of 41 case patients and 161 control subjects (n = 202) were identified. These
10.1016/1047-2797(94)90040-x
7911378
Adult CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes Case-Control Studies Confidence Intervals *Energy Intake Energy Metabolism HIV Infections/*blood/complications/metabolism/*physiopathology *hiv-1 Hemoglobins/analysis Humans Immune Tolerance Leukocyte Count Logistic Models Male Matched-Pair Analysis *Nutritional Status Odds Ratio Predictive Value of Tests Prospective Studies Sexual Behavior Time Factors *Weight Loss beta 2-Microglobulin/*analysis
N. M. R. Graham, S., Hoover, D. R., McCall, L. D., Palenicek, J. G., Saah, A. J. (1994). Beta 2-microglobulin and other early predictors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-related wasting. Ann Epidemiol, 4(1), 32-9.
Journal Article
The effect of the interaction of acyclovir with zidovudine on progression to AIDS and survival. Analysis of data in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
Ann Intern Med
1994
15-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8017721
OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of acyclovir use on disease progression and survival in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive persons treated with zidovudine. SETTING: Four university-based or -affiliated clinics. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study of homosexual and bisexual men with semi-annual follow-up. Intent-to-treat Cox models were fit to determine the relation between the use of acyclovir (modeled as a time-dependent covariate) and disease progression, controlling for baseline and time-dependent clinical and laboratory prognostic variables. The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-free duration and survival time were calculated from the first use of zidovudine. Analysis included study visits 7 to 17 (from 1987 to 1992). PATIENTS: 786 HIV-seropositive participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study who began zidovudine therapy before a clinical diagnosis of AIDS; of these, 515 subsequently received acyclovir. Participants were asked at each visit whether they had
10.7326/0003-4819-121-2-199407150-00004
8017721
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*prevention & control Acyclovir/*therapeutic use HIV Infections/*drug therapy Humans Male Proportional Hazards Models Prospective Studies Survival Analysis Treatment Outcome Zidovudine/*therapeutic use
D. S. G. Stein, N. M., Park, L. P., Hoover, D. R., Phair, J. P., Detels, R., Ho, M., Saah, A. J. (1994). The effect of the interaction of acyclovir with zidovudine on progression to AIDS and survival. Analysis of data in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Ann Intern Med, 121(2), 100-8.
Journal Article
Elevated central nervous system prostaglandins in human immunodeficiency virus-associated dementia
Ann Neurol
1994
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7910004
The dementia associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is poorly understood. Dementia is accompanied by infection and activation of macrophage lineage cells in the brain and production of toxic products by these cells has been postulated to play a role in the pathogenesis of dementia. Eicosanoids are potential products of activated macrophages that can mediate cell injury. We measured the levels of prostaglandin E2 in the cerebrospinal fluid of HIV-positive individuals with dementia and/or myelopathy and compared these levels with those of HIV-negative patients with other neurological diseases and HIV-positive patients without dementia. Cerebrospinal fluid prostaglandin E2 levels were increased in dementia. This increase was associated with severity of dementia and correlated with cerebrospinal fluid levels of neopterin and beta 2-microglobulin. Prostaglandins F2 alpha and thromboxane B2, additional products of the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism, were al
10.1002/ana.410350513
7910004
AIDS Dementia Complex/*cerebrospinal fluid Base Sequence Brain/metabolism CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes Cohort Studies Dinoprostone/*cerebrospinal fluid HIV Seropositivity/cerebrospinal fluid Humans Leukocyte Count Longitudinal Studies Molecular Sequence Data Polymerase Chain Reaction Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases/metabolism RNA, Messenger/analysis Radioimmunoassay Reference Values
D. E. W. Griffin, S. L., McArthur, J. C. (1994). Elevated central nervous system prostaglandins in human immunodeficiency virus-associated dementia. Ann Neurol, 35(5), 592-7.
Journal Article
Cerebrospinal fluid human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) p24 antigen levels in HIV-1-related dementia
Ann Neurol
1994
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7912918
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) p24 antigen, a putative marker of virus load, was assayed in 79 blood and 83 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 90 HIV-1-seropositive individuals with or without dementia. Twenty-eight subjects had no evidence of neuropsychological impairment, 17 had mild impairment without objective evidence of dementia, and 45 were demented. HIV-1 p24 antigen was detected more frequently in CSF samples from demented (19/40) than normal (1/26) or mildly impaired (1/17) subjects and in 67% of individuals with significant dementia (MSK stages 2-4). p24 Antigen was detected less frequently in CSF from demented subjects on antiretroviral drugs than untreated demented individuals. Overall, the sensitivity of the antigen capture assay in CSF among demented individuals was 47.5%; the specificity, 95.0%; positive predictive value, 90.4%; negative predictive value, 66.1%; and the efficiency, 72.2%. A direct relationship was also noted between the degree of cognit
10.1002/ana.410360109
7912918
AIDS Dementia Complex/blood/*cerebrospinal fluid/diagnosis Adult CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology Female HIV Core Protein p24/blood/*cerebrospinal fluid/immunology HIV Seropositivity/blood/cerebrospinal fluid/diagnosis Humans Leukocyte Count Male Prognosis Severity of Illness Index beta 2-Microglobulin/analysis
W. Royal, 3rd, Selnes, O. A., Concha, M., Nance-Sproson, T. E., McArthur, J. C. (1994). Cerebrospinal fluid human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) p24 antigen levels in HIV-1-related dementia. Ann Neurol, 36(1), 32-9.
Journal Article
Direct comparison of the relationship between clinical outcome and change in CD4+ lymphocytes in human immunodeficiency virus-positive homosexual men and injecting drug users
Arch Intern Med
1994
4/25/1994
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7908795
BACKGROUND AND METHODS: To compare rates of decline of CD4+ lymphocytes among human immunodeficiency virus-positive homosexual men and injecting drug users, we followed up prevalent human immunodeficiency virus-positive homosexual men and current or former injecting drug users from February 1988 through August 1991. Subjects were free of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome at study entry and had semiannual clinical and laboratory evaluation, including measurement of T-cell subsets, under common protocols. Initial levels and rates of change of CD4+ lymphocyte counts were compared according to cohort membership and clinical progression, defined by the development of thrush or an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome--defining illness. Median follow-up was 30 months for both cohorts. RESULTS: At study entry, homosexual men had lower absolute numbers of circulating CD4+ lymphocytes than did injecting drug users (459/microL [0.46 x 10(9)/L] vs 509/microL, respectively). During follow-up, homose
7908795
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Adult Baltimore Bisexuality CD4+ CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes clinical cohort Comparative Study Disease Disease Progression drug users evaluation follow-up HIV Seropositivity homosexual homosexual men Homosexuality Human human immunodeficiency virus immunodeficiency immunology infection Laboratories Leukocyte Count lymphocyte Lymphocyte Count lymphocyte counts Lymphocytes Male measurement methods progression Risk study Substance Abuse,Intravenous Support,U.S.Gov't,Non-P.H.S. Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. t cell United States virus
J. B. M. Margolick, A., Vlahov, D., Astemborski, J., Solomon, L., He, X.Y., Nelson, K.E., Saah, A.J. (1994). Direct comparison of the relationship between clinical outcome and change in CD4+ lymphocytes in human immunodeficiency virus-positive homosexual men and injecting drug users. Arch Intern Med, 154(8), 869-875.
Journal Article
Sexual behavior research on a cohort of gay men, 1984-1990: can we predict how men will respond to interventions?
Arch Sex Behav
1994
Oct-94
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7998814
In 1984, over 1000 gay and bisexual men volunteered to participate in both the Chicago Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) and a companion psychosocial study, the Coping and Change Study (CCS). Participants in the semiannual Chicago MACS/CCS evaluations comprise the largest cohort of high-risk men under continuous medical, behavioral, and psychosocial observation. Chicago MACS/CCS researchers prospectively chart the sexual behavior change patterns of the cohort and relate those behavioral changes to psychosocial correlates and actual HIV infection risk. This report summarizes the behavioral natural history of the Chicago MACS/CCS cohort from 1984 to 1990, focusing on receptive anal sex practices and use patterns for alcohol and the most frequently used recreational drugs. As these are prospective observational and not controlled intervention studies, psychosocial correlates of sexual behavior change by members of the cohort are suggestive of factors influencing behavior change rather
10.1007/BF01541496
7998814
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Adult AIDS alcohol Antibodies antibody behavior behavior change bisexual bisexual men Bisexuality Chicago cohort Cohort Studies cohort study coping Coping and Change Study Counseling diagnosis drugs epidemiology evaluation Health Education high-risk Hiv HIV infection HIV Seropositivity Hiv-1 Homosexuality,Male Human infection MACS maintenance Male Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study natural history population prevention & control psychology psychosocial research Risk Risk-Taking serostatus sex Sex Behavior sexual sexual behavior sexual behavior change Social Behavior statistics & numerical data study United States
D. G. B. Ostrow, E., Joseph, J. (1994). Sexual behavior research on a cohort of gay men, 1984-1990: can we predict how men will respond to interventions?. Arch Sex Behav, 23(5), 531-552.
Journal Article
Nonidentified responses in a proportional hazards setting
Biometrics
1994
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7916217
Nonidentified response (NR), an important form of nonindependent censoring, is modelled in a proportional hazards setting. Methods to test for existence of and identify NR censored observations are developed. Incorporation of NR censoring information into appropriate algorithms can improve parameter and underlying baseline hazard estimation. Application to estimating time until death from AIDS is made.
7916217
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/blood/immunology/mortality Algorithms Baltimore/epidemiology Biometry/*methods CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology Hiv-1 Humans Leukocyte Count Male Probability *Proportional Hazards Models Survival Analysis Time Factors
D. R. H. Hoover, Y. (1994). Nonidentified responses in a proportional hazards setting. Biometrics, 50(1), 10-Jan.
Journal Article
Semiparametric models for longitudinal data with application to CD4 cell numbers in HIV seroconverters
Biometrics
1994
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7981395
The paper describes a semiparametric model for longitudinal data which is illustrated by its application to data on the time evolution of CD4 cell numbers in HIV seroconverters. The essential ingredients of the model are a parametric linear model for covariate adjustment, a nonparametric estimation of a smooth time trend, serial correlation between measurements on an individual subject, and random measurement error. A back-fitting algorithm is used in conjunction with a cross-validation prescription to fit the model. A notable feature in the application is that the onset of HIV infection is associated with a sudden drop in CD4 cells followed by a longer-term slower decay. The model is also used to estimate an individual's curve by combining his data with the population curve. Shrinkage toward the population mean trajectory is controlled in a natural way by the estimated covariance structure of the data.
7981395
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology Algorithms Analysis of Variance Biomarkers Biometry *CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies HIV Infections/*immunology HIV Seropositivity/*immunology Humans *Longitudinal Studies Multicenter Studies as Topic Random Allocation Time Factors
S. L. D. Zeger, P. J. (1994). Semiparametric models for longitudinal data with application to CD4 cell numbers in HIV seroconverters. Biometrics, 50(3), 689-99.
Journal Article
Effects of zidovudine on B lymphocyte activation
Cell Immunol
1994
1-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8087861
B cell dysfunction associated with HIV infection includes polyclonal B cell activation and hypergammaglobulinemia. There is also an elevated frequency of B cell malignancies, especially non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, in HIV infection. It is believed that chronic polyclonal activation of B cells might increase the chances for the occurrence of a genetic accident, resulting in tumorigenesis. Long-term zidovudine use in people with HIV infection has been reported to be associated with a particularly high incidence of B cell lymphoma. This may be due to an increase in life span associated with antiretroviral treatment, placing treated individuals at risk for developing lymphoma for a greater period of time. However, zidovudine could be directly contributing to lymphoma-genesis in HIV-infected individuals, perhaps by enhancing B cell activation, since B cell hyperactivation and elevated levels of IL-6, a B cell stimulatory cytokine, are seen in HIV infection. Also, people treated with zidovudine m
10.1006/cimm.1994.1263
8087861
Adult Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/biosynthesis B-Lymphocytes/*drug effects/immunology Cells, Cultured HIV Infections/complications/drug therapy/*immunology Herpesvirus 4, Human/immunology Humans Immunoglobulin G/biosynthesis/blood Immunoglobulin M/biosynthesis/blood Interleukin-6/biosynthesis/blood Lymphocyte Activation/*drug effects Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/chemically induced/immunology Male T-Lymphocytes/drug effects/immunology Time Factors Zidovudine/adverse effects/*pharmacology
D. Y. Widney, S., van der Meyden, M., Miles, S. A., Kishimoto, T., Martinez-Maza, O. (1994). Effects of zidovudine on B lymphocyte activation. Cell Immunol, 158(1), 140-56.
Journal Article
Quantitative EEG in patients with AIDS and asymptomatic HIV infection
Clin Electroencephalogr
1994
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8174287
Although neuropsychiatric abnormalities are common in subjects with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), they are less frequent in asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive subjects. In contrast, others have reported high rates of electroencephalographic (EEG) abnormality among asymptomatic subjects. Here we report clinical and quantitative EEG findings across all stages of the disease in order to define when during the course of illness abnormalities are detectable. We studied 28 men with AIDS, 32 men with asymptomatic HIV infection, and 56 uninfected controls using clinical and quantitative EEG, measures of immunosuppression, and tests of neuropsychological performance. All were gay or bisexual without other significant risk factors for encephalopathy. We found very low rates of clinical EEG abnormality (less than 7%) among the asymptomatic HIV-infected group, a rate comparable to those of the uninfected group (7.1%). There were no differences between asy
10.1177/155005949402500107
8174287
AIDS Dementia Complex/diagnosis/*physiopathology Adult Bisexuality Brain Mapping Cerebral Cortex/physiopathology Electroencephalography/*classification/instrumentation HIV Seropositivity/diagnosis/*physiopathology Homosexuality Humans Male Microcomputers Middle Aged Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted/instrumentation
T. F. L. Newton, A. F., Miller, E. N., Weiner, H. (1994). Quantitative EEG in patients with AIDS and asymptomatic HIV infection. Clin Electroencephalogr, 25(1), 18-25.
Journal Article
Biological false-positive syphilis test results for women infected with human immunodeficiency virus
Clin Infect Dis
1994
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7888531
Regardless of the nontreponemal test used for the screening and diagnosis of syphilis, biological false-positive results (BFPs) are documented in 1%-2% of all cases. An association between BFPs and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in men has been suggested. We conducted a cohort study to determine whether a similar association between HIV seropositivity and BFPs exists for women. Among 156 HIV-seropositive women, 9 (5.8%) had a BFP for syphilis. Among 633 HIV-seronegative women, only 1 (0.2%) had a BFP. When the 25 HIV-seropositive patients and 55 HIV-seronegative patients with reactive rapid plasma reagin tests and microhemagglutination assays for antibodies to Treponema pallidum were excluded from the calculations, 6.9% and 0.2% of HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative women, respectively, had BFPs (P < .001; odds ratio, 39.45; 95% confidence interval, 6.4-879.0). An association was found between injection drug use and BFPs for the population of HIV-infected women but did
10.1093/clinids/19.6.1040
7888531
Adult Cohort Studies False Positive Reactions Female HIV Infections/*complications HIV Seronegativity HIV Seropositivity/complications Humans Prevalence Syphilis/*diagnosis Syphilis Serodiagnosis
M. H. D. Augenbraun, J. A., Feldman, J., Clarke, L., Landesman, S., Minkoff, H. M. (1994). Biological false-positive syphilis test results for women infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Clin Infect Dis, 19(6), 1040-4.
Journal Article
Longitudinal comparison of alternate versions of the symbol digit modalities test: Issues of form comparability and moderating demographic variables
Clin Neuropsychol
1994
1994
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13854049408401558
10.1080/13854049408401558
comparability demographics longitudinal symbol digit symbol digit modalities test
C. L. D. E. Uchiyama, L.F., Dellinger, A.M., Selnes, O.A., Becker, J.T., Wesch, J.E., Chen, B.B., Satz, P., Van Gorp, W., Miller, E.N. (1994). Longitudinal comparison of alternate versions of the symbol digit modalities test: Issues of form comparability and moderating demographic variables. Clin Neuropsychol, 8(2), 209-218.
Journal Article
Sample size estimation using repeated measurements on biomarkers as outcomes
Control Clin Trials
1994
Jun-94
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7913674
The objectives of this paper are to (1) examine methods of using longitudinal data in designing comparative trials and calculating sample sizes or power and (2) show the effect of autocorrelation of repeated measures on the assessment of sample sizes. A statistical model with a simple regression structure for the mean trajectory of the longitudinal data and a two-parameter model for the correlations of within-individual observations given by corr(yt,yt+s) = gamma s theta is used. The methods are illustrated by considering a two-group trial and investigating the effect of different values of the correlation parameters, gamma and theta on the sample size. The results show that taking account of the autocorrelation structure of longitudinal data may lead to more efficient designs. Specifically, the stronger the autocorrelation is, the smaller the sample size that is required
10.1016/0197-2456(94)90054-x
7913674
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome administration & dosage AIDS AIDS Vaccines Baltimore Biological Markers blood CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes epidemiology HIV Seropositivity Hiv-1 Human immunology Leukocyte Count longitudinal longitudinal data Longitudinal Studies marker markers measurement methods model prevention & control Randomized Controlled Trials Sampling Studies statistics & numerical data Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. therapy Treatment Outcome United States vaccine vaccines
A. J. G. Kirby, N., Muñoz, A. (1994). Sample size estimation using repeated measurements on biomarkers as outcomes. Control Clin Trials, 15(3), 165-172.
Journal Article
After Concorde, what?
Curr Opin Infect Dis
1994
1994
https://journals.lww.com/co-infectiousdiseases/citation/1994/02000/after_concorde,_what_.10.aspx
antiretroviral therapy asymptomatic Concorde Study multicenter Zidovudine
J. P. Phair (1994). After Concorde, what?. Curr Opin Infect Dis, 7(), 59-60.
Journal Article
HIV-associated dementia
Current Neurology
1994
In the first years of the AIDS epidemic (1981-85), attention was focused on the profound immunodeficiency of AIDS, then called the 'gay-related immunosupporessed disease' (GRID). Previously, rare OI & tumors affecting the brain were described in immundeficient individuals. In 1985, HIV was isolated from brain & spinal fluid & HIV RNA was demonstrated in the brains of AIDS patients with neurologic diseases. Sequence analysis of the HIV genome showed that it was a member of the lentivirus subfamily of retroviruses, which universally infect macrophages & cause subacute encephalitis. These findings were followed by the clinical characterization of specific HIV-related neurologic syndromes; HIV-associated dementia complex & minor cognitive/motor disorder, JIV-associated myelopathy, and HIV-associated sensory neuropathy. These were all novel conditions that had not previously been described in other immunodeficiency states. All were to have a major impact on the quality of life & survival of
AIDS analysis Attention Brain CAMACS clinical Dementia dementia complex Disease Encephalitis Genome Hiv HIV infection immunodeficiency infection Lentivirus macrophage Macrophages myelopathy neurologic diseases neurology neuropathy Quality of Life Rna sensory neuropathy survival tumors
Book Section
Sensitive method for measuring apoptosis and cell surface phenotype in human thymocytes by flow cytometry
Cytometry
1994
1-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7512891
A rapid, gentle, and sensitive method for quantification of cells undergoing apoptosis is presented. The method allows the simultaneous determination of dual-color cell surface immunofluorescence. Cells are stained for 7 min with the vital dye Hoechst 33342 (HO342) for identification of live and apoptotic cells. 7-amino-actinomycin D (7-AAD) is added to distinguish cells that have lost membrane integrity from apoptotic and live cells. Due to its spectral properties 7-AAD can be utilized on cells that are dual-surface labelled with fluorescein-isothiocyanate (FITC) and phycoerythrin (PE). The value of the method is demonstrated on human thymocytes, which constitutively undergo programmed cell death and which show an increase in the rate of apoptosis after exposure to the glucocorticoid dexamethasone (DEX). Vital staining with HO342 permits earlier detection of apoptotic changes compared to a staining technique in which cells are treated with a hypotonic citrate solution containing propi
10.1002/cyto.990150104
7512891
Adult Antigens, CD/analysis *Apoptosis/drug effects Benzimidazoles CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology *Cell Separation Child Dactinomycin/analogs & derivatives Dexamethasone/pharmacology *Flow Cytometry Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate Fluorescent Antibody Technique Fluorescent Dyes Humans Immunophenotyping/*methods Necrosis Phycoerythrin Sensitivity and Specificity Staining and Labeling T-Lymphocyte Subsets/*cytology Thymus Gland/*cytology
I. U. Schmid, C. H., Giorgi, J. V. (1994). Sensitive method for measuring apoptosis and cell surface phenotype in human thymocytes by flow cytometry. Cytometry, 15(1), 20-Dec.
Journal Article
Cell sorting of biohazardous specimens for assay of immune function
Flow Cytometry
1994
aerosol containment assay biohazardous specimens biology cell sorting Flow Cytometry Hiv human immunodeficiency virus immune immune function methods sorting cells
Book Section
HIV infection: Diagnosis and disease progression evaluation
Flow Cytometry
1994
biology diagnosis Disease Disease Progression evaluation Flow Cytometry Hiv HIV infection infection methods progression
Book Section
The adequacy of cytology and colposcopy in diagnosing cervical neoplasia in HIV-seropositive women
Gynecol Oncol
1994
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7959254
The purpose of this study was to compare cytology and colposcopy as predictors of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A cross-sectional analysis of cytology, colposcopy, and colposcopic biopsy results from 51 HIV-seropositive women attending an ambulatory HIV service was conducted. Cytology slides were reviewed by two cytopathologists blinded to patients' HIV status. There was strong agreement in the readings of two cytopathologists, with a kappa score of 0.9. Of 29 women with normal cytology, 21 (72%) had pathology on histology, including 7 (24%) with CIN. Colposcopic impression correlated well with histology results. Of 22 women with abnormal cytology, 82% had abnormal histology. The overall prevalence of CIN was high at 45%, increasing from 35% in women with CD4 counts over 400 to 56% in women with CD4 counts below 200. In conclusion, screening cytology is limited by false-negative results; routine colposcopy should
10.1006/gyno.1994.1262
7959254
Adult *Biopsy Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia/*complications/*pathology *Colposcopy Cross-Sectional Studies Evaluation Studies as Topic False Negative Reactions Female HIV Seropositivity/*complications Humans Middle Aged Predictive Value of Tests
M. J. F. Fink, R. G., Maiman, M., Kelly, P., Sedlis, A., Webber, C. A., Chen, P. (1994). The adequacy of cytology and colposcopy in diagnosing cervical neoplasia in HIV-seropositive women. Gynecol Oncol, 55(1), 133-7.
Journal Article
Stressful events, psychological responses, and progression of HIV infection
Handbook of Stress and Immunity
1994
Hiv HIV infection Immune System Immunity infection progression psychological response stress
Book Section
Realistic acceptance as a predictor of decreased survival time in gay men with AIDS
Health Psychol
1994
Jul-94
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7957008
Although theoretical accounts of adaptation in the terminally ill suggest that realistic acceptance of one's disease is adaptive, some investigations suggest that such responses are associated with increased mortality. This prospective psychobiological investigation involved 74 gay men with AIDS. Six scores reflecting responses to disease were derived from a detailed psychosocial questionnaire. One pattern of response, Realistic Acceptance, was a significant predictor of decreased survival time. Median estimated survival time for participants with low Realistic Acceptance scores was 9 months greater than for participants with high Realistic Acceptance scores. This effect was not accounted for by time since diagnosis with AIDS, self- reported health status, number of CD4 T lymphocyte cells, psychological distress, age, education, initial diagnosing condition, use of AZT, smoking, or alcohol and drug use
10.1037//0278-6133.13.4.299
7957008
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Adaptation,Psychological Adolescence Adult age AIDS alcohol Attitude to Death CD4 cells diagnosis Disease Education Health Status Homosexuality,Male Human Los Angeles lymphocyte Male Middle Age mortality physiology predictor Prognosis Proportional Hazards Models Prospective Studies psychiatry psychological Psychological Tests psychology psychosocial questionnaire response Smoking Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. survival Survival Rate survival time United States
G. M. K. Reed, M.E., Taylor, S.E., Wang, H.Y., Visscher, B.R. (1994). Realistic acceptance as a predictor of decreased survival time in gay men with AIDS. Health Psychol, 13(4), 299-307.
Journal Article
Repeated bereavement, depressed mood, and immune parameters in HIV seropositive and seronegative gay men
Health Psychol
1994
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8168466
The relationships among bereavement, depressed mood, and immunologic patterns prognostic for the development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) were determined in a sample of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive gay men and a comparison group of HIV seronegative gay men. Immunologic parameters were assessed in 45 men who had recently experienced the deaths of close friends and 45 matched nonbereaved men. No immune differences were found between bereaved and nonbereaved men. Among the HIV seropositive nonbereaved men, higher depressed mood was significantly associated with fewer CD4 (helper/inducer) T lymphocytes, more activated CD8 (suppressor/cytotoxic) T cells, and lower proliferative responses to the mitogen phytohemagglutinin. In summary, HIV seropositive men who reported higher levels of depressed mood not associated with bereavement demonstrated immunologic patterns consistent with HIV activity and progression.
10.1037//0278-6133.13.1.14
8168466
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Adolescent Adult Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology *Bereavement Cohort Studies Depressive Disorder/diagnosis/*immunology/*psychology HIV Seropositivity/diagnosis/*immunology *Homosexuality Humans Lymphocytes/immunology Male Middle Aged Sexual Behavior Surveys and Questionnaires
M. E. W. Kemeny, H., Taylor, S. E., Schneider, S., Visscher, B., Fahey, J. L. (1994). Repeated bereavement, depressed mood, and immune parameters in HIV seropositive and seronegative gay men. Health Psychol, 13(1), 14-24.
Journal Article
Prostatic sequestration of Cryptococcus neoformans in immunocompromised persons treated for cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
Histol Histopathol
1994
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7894136
We report a case of a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome who was successfully treated for cryptococcal meningoencephalitis with amphotericin B and 5-flucytosine. He died from other sequelae of acquired immune deficiency syndrome two years later. An autopsy revealed prominent cryptococcal prostatitis. Cryptococci were neither found in the central nervous system nor in other anatomic sites. The autopsy files yielded seven other cases of men with a history of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis. The possibility that the prostate sequesters Cryptococcus neoformans thereby contributing to systemic relapse is explored. The qualify as a sequestration, cyptococci must be cultured from the prostate, or from a midstream voided specimen after prostatic massage, and the prostate must be the only focus of infection.
7894136
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/complications/microbiology/*pathology Adult Aged Cryptococcosis/*complications/*pathology Cryptococcus neoformans/isolation & purification Humans Immunocompromised Host Male Meningitis, Cryptococcal/*complications/*pathology Middle Aged Opportunistic Infections/complications/microbiology/pathology Prostate/microbiology Prostatitis/*complications/microbiology/*pathology Recurrence
O. K. D. Ndimbie, A., Martinez, A. J., Dixon, B. (1994). Prostatic sequestration of Cryptococcus neoformans in immunocompromised persons treated for cryptococcal meningoencephalitis. Histol Histopathol, 9(4), 643-8.
Journal Article
Trends in the incidence of AIDS-defining outcomes in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, 1985-1991
HIV Epidemiology: Models and Methods
1994
AIDS cohort Cohort Studies cohort study epidemiology Hiv Incidence methods model Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study outcome study trends
Book Section
The contributions of cohort studies to understanding the natural history of HIV infection
HIV Epidemiology: Models and Methods
1994
Cohort studies have provided much of the basic information that has led to our understanding of the natural history of HIV infection. The original cohort studies on HIV/AIDS were in homosexual/bisexual men primarily because this was the group with the highest rate of infection and be cause of their courageous willingness to participate in research on this disease that was killing their friends and colleagues. Although the MACS was one of the first collaborative cohort studies established specifically to study AIDS, earlier cohorts formed to study hepatitis vaccine in the late 1980s were re-established to study this new disease. More recently, cohort studies of IVDUs, women, discordant couples, and pregnant women and their offspring have been established to identify those characteristics of the natural history of HIV infection that may be unique to these groups.
AIDS bisexual men characteristics cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Disease epidemiology hepatitis Hiv HIV infection homosexual men infection information MACS methods natural history research study vaccine women
Book Section
HIV dementia. Incidence and risk factors
HIV, AIDS and the Brain
1994
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8115717
AIDS Dementia Complex Baltimore Brain Cross-Sectional Studies Dementia diagnosis epidemiology etiology Follow-Up Studies Hiv Human Incidence mortality Neuropsychological Tests pathology review Risk Risk Factors Survival Rate United States AIDS
Book Section
Chlamydia specific IgG and IgA serum antibodies in a study of homosexual men at various clinical stages of HIV related disease
In Vivo
1994
Jul-94
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7893987
The significance of chlamydia serum IgG and IgA antibodies was studied, by immunoperoxidase assay, in 210 homosexual men at various stages of HIV infection. Cross sectional analysis of chlamydia IgG antibodies at a titer of > or = 128 indicated a significantly higher prevalence rate among AIDS patients (27.0%) as compared to asymptomatic HIV seronegatives (6.0%) (p = 0.022). The geometric mean titer (GMT) of IgG antibodies to chlamydia was also significantly higher in AIDS patients (106.4) as compared to HIV seronegatives (58.2) (p = 0.022) and persistently asymptomatic HIV seropositives (51.7) (p = 0.05). Chlamydia IgA antibodies did not differ significantly in prevalence and GMT among the various groups
7893987
AIDS analysis Antibodies Antibodies,Bacterial antibody Antibody Specificity blood Chlamydia Infections Chlamydia trachomatis Chlamydophila pneumoniae clinical Cohort Studies Comorbidity Cross-Sectional Studies Disease Disease Progression epidemiology Hiv HIV infection HIV Infections homosexual homosexual men Homosexuality,Male Human IgA Igg Immunoenzyme Techniques immunoglobulin Immunoglobulin A Immunoglobulin G immunology infection Male Multicenter Studies Prevalence Risk Factors sera study United States virology
B. S. Sarov, A.J., Levy, E., Elsana, S., Sarov, I., Rinaldo, C.R., Detels, R., Phair, J., Kaslow, R., Gisnberg, H., Margalith, M. (1994). Chlamydia specific IgG and IgA serum antibodies in a study of homosexual men at various clinical stages of HIV related disease. In Vivo, 8(4), 593-597.
Journal Article
Phenotypically defined memory CD4+ cells are not selectively decreased in chronic HIV disease
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
1994
Jul-94
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7911525
Simultaneous measurements of phenotypically defined memory CD4+ cells and in vitro proliferation to three recall antigens (Ags; tetanus toxoid, influenza, and Candida albicans) were performed in 53 HIV- seropositive subjects and 39 HIV-seronegative controls. The results indicate that the low proliferative responses to recall Ags of those who were HIV infected could be partly, but not fully, explained by a decrease of phenotypically defined memory CD4+ cells. This is, to our knowledge, the first report of experiments that simultaneously measured memory CD4+ cell numbers and function and then examined whether the low responses observed in seropositive subjects could be explained by low numbers of phenotypically defined memory CD4+ cells. A central finding of the study, which argues against prevailing dogma, was that within the CD4+ lymphocyte population, the proportion of cells displaying the memory phenotype was not selectively decreased in HIV-seropositive subjects as compared with the
7911525
AIDS CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes Cohort Studies Disease drug therapy Follow-Up Studies Hiv HIV Seropositivity homosexual Human Immunologic Memory immunology Immunophenotyping In Vitro Lymphocyte Transformation Male Multicenter Studies Phenotype Regression Analysis study Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. therapeutic use United States Zidovudine
C. C. G. Chou, V., O'Rourke, S., Isacescu, V., Detels, R., Williams, G.J., Mitsuyasu, R.T., Giorgi, J.V. (1994). Phenotypically defined memory CD4+ cells are not selectively decreased in chronic HIV disease. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 7(7), 665-675.
Journal Article
Impact of immunosuppression on health care use by men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS)
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
1994
Jun-94
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7909846
The effects of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) serostatus, AIDS, and level of immunosuppression on health service use were examined in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Data on self-reported hospitalizations, outpatient medical services (non-emergency room) and emergency room care during the preceding 6 months were collected for 3,447 homosexual/bisexual men returning for their 14th and/or 15th semiannual visits in Chicago, Baltimore, Los Angeles, and Pittsburgh. AIDS-free seropositive men with CD4+ cells < 200/microliters were more likely to be hospitalized [odds ratio (OR) = 2.3, 95% confidence limits (CL) = 1.4, 3.8] and use outpatient medical care (OR = 7.9, 95% CL = 4.9, 12.6), compared with seronegative men. Increased outpatient care was initiated at the earliest stages of HIV-1 infection, even when CD4+ cells were > 500/microliter. Dramatic increases in outpatient care for each level of immunosuppression were observed. HIV-1-related symptoms were associated with inc
7909846
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Adult AIDS Ambulatory Care Baltimore Bisexuality CD4+ CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes Cell Count Chicago clinical cohort Cohort Studies cohort study diagnosis Disease economics Emergency Medical Services Health Services Hiv HIV Seropositivity Hiv-1 HIV-1 infection Homosexuality Hospitalization Human human immunodeficiency virus immunodeficiency Immunosuppression Income infection Insurance,Health Leukocyte Count Los Angeles MACS Male Middle Age Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Multicenter Studies Odds Ratio Prospective Studies Regression Analysis seropositive serostatus statistics & numerical data study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. United States utilization virus
S. L. J. Zucconi, L.P., Schrager, L.K., Kass, N.E., Lave, J.R., Carson, C.A., Morgenstern, H., Arno, P.S., Graham, N.M.H. (1994). Impact of immunosuppression on health care use by men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 7(6), 607-616.
Journal Article
Factors influencing survival after AIDS: report from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS)
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1988)
1994
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8106968
The objective of this study was to determine if clinical signs, symptoms, laboratory variables, and use of therapeutic or prophylactic agents have prognostic associations with survival after diagnosis of clinical AIDS. A total of 2,168 homosexual men, seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) participated in a longitudinal cohort study of the greater metropolitan areas of Baltimore, Maryland, Washington, D.C., Chicago, Illinois, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.--the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Variables within 6 months prior to AIDS diagnosis included age, CD4+ lymphocyte counts, hemoglobin, and self-reported thrush, fever, anti-retroviral therapy (ART) beginning prior to AIDS onset, and ART beginning after AIDS (as a time-dependent covariate) were analyzed as mutually exclusive categories, as was prophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP). Univariate and multivariate survival models of time from AIDS to death were fit
8106968
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/blood/drug therapy/*mortality Adult Analysis of Variance Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use Cohort Studies Hemoglobins/analysis Humans Leukocyte Count Longitudinal Studies Male Multivariate Analysis Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/prevention & control Prognosis Proportional Hazards Models Prospective Studies Survival Analysis
A. J. H. Saah, D. R., He, Y., Kingsley, L. A., Phair, J. P. (1994). Factors influencing survival after AIDS: report from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1988), 7(3), 287-95.
Journal Article
HIV-related oral manifestations in two cohorts of women in San Francisco
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1988)
1994
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7914233
The goals of this study were to compare the prevalence of oral lesions in women infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and HIV-negative women, and to determine the association of oral lesions with route of HIV transmission and with level of immunosuppression in infected women. As part of a prospective 4-year study, oral examinations and blood tests were performed, at 6-month intervals, on 176 HIV-infected women and on 117 HIV-negative women at risk for HIV infection. We evaluated participants for the following oral conditions: hairy leukoplakia, candidiasis, ulcers, warts, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, and parotid enlargement. As previously reported in men, the prevalence of oral lesions was significantly higher among HIV-infected (22%) than HIV-negative women (3%) [odds ratio (OR) = 8.2; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.8, 23.5], particularly candidiasis (14%) and hairy leukoplakia (10%). Among HIV-infected women with CD4 cell count nadir > or = 200 cells/microlite
7914233
Adult CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes Candidiasis, Oral/complications/epidemiology Cohort Studies Female HIV Infections/*complications/immunology/transmission HIV Seronegativity Humans Immune Tolerance Leukocyte Count Leukoplakia, Hairy/complications/epidemiology Middle Aged Mouth Diseases/complications/*epidemiology Prevalence Prospective Studies Risk Factors San Francisco/epidemiology
C. H. H. Shiboski, J. F., Greenspan, D., Westenhouse, J. L., Derish, P., Vranizan, K., Lifson, A. R., Canchola, A., Katz, M. H., Cohen, J. B., et al., (1994). HIV-related oral manifestations in two cohorts of women in San Francisco. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1988), 7(9), 964-71.
Journal Article
Effects of HIV infection on VH3 (D12 idiotope) B cells in vivo
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1988)
1994
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8207642
The abnormalities of B lymphocytes in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection usually have been attributed to secondary consequences of disturbed immunoregulation. However, recent work has revealed avid binding of HIV gp120 to a conserved immunoglobulin motif unique to the VH3 gene family and the selective gp120-induced activation of VH3 B cells in vitro. This cross-sectional clinical study tests whether HIV infection is associated with a selective response of VH3 B cells in vivo. Levels of blood B cells and serum immunoglobulins (Ig) expressing the D12 idiotope of the VH3 gene family were measured in subjects of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study grouped according to clinical stages of HIV infection. A 3-fold elevation in D12 B cells was observed in HIV seropositive versus seronegative groups. This was selective for the D12 population, since total B cell numbers were identical in the two groups. The levels of D12 B cells and CD4 T cells were significantly correlated, and D12 B cel
8207642
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology Adult B-Lymphocytes/*immunology Cohort Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Female Flow Cytometry Genes, Immunoglobulin HIV Envelope Protein gp120/immunology HIV Seronegativity/immunology HIV Seropositivity/*immunology Humans Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics/*immunology Immunoglobulin M/blood Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics/*immunology Leukocyte Count Male Middle Aged
L. S. Berberian, J., Jefferis, R., Braun, J. (1994). Effects of HIV infection on VH3 (D12 idiotope) B cells in vivo. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1988), 7(7), 641-6.
Journal Article
Changes in employment, insurance, and income in relation to HIV status and disease progression. The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1988)
1994
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8263757
While patterns of health care financing for HIV have received considerable attention in the literature, the financial impact of disease on individuals living with HIV infection has been underexplored, particularly in relation to disease progression. Therefore, we sought to document changes in employment, income, and insurance coverage over time among HIV-negative, HIV-positive, and AIDS-diagnosed gay and bisexual men participating in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) and to document measures of financial hardship. Persons with AIDS (PWAs) were 2.7 times more likely to lose full-time employment over a 6-month period than seronegative persons (p < 0.05), and loss of employment was strongly associated (p < 0.001) with both loss of private health insurance and loss of income. Twenty-seven percent of PWAs reported having financial difficulty meeting their basic expenses, compared with 10% of seronegative (p < 0.001), and 15% of PWAs, compared with only 9% of seronegative persons, sai
8263757
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/economics Adult Bisexuality Cohort Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Educational Status *Employment HIV Infections/*economics HIV Seropositivity/economics *hiv-1 Homosexuality Humans *Income *Insurance, Health Male Multivariate Analysis Prospective Studies Time Factors
N. E. M. Kass, A., Chen, B., Zucconi, S. L., Bing, E. G. (1994). Changes in employment, insurance, and income in relation to HIV status and disease progression. The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1988), 7(1), 86-91.
Journal Article
Resistance to HIV-1 infection. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1988)
1994
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7965637
Men from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study were classified as "susceptible" and "resistant" to HIV infection. Resistant men were still HIV antibody negative in 1993 and were estimated to have had > 45 different anal intercourse partners (median, 92; range, 46-504) in the 2.5 years before visit 2 (1985). Susceptible men were seroconverters who were estimated to have had < 13 different anal partners (median, 4; range, 0-12). Leukocyte groups were compared between the two groups of men. Values were excluded for 12 months before the first antibody-positive visit in the susceptible men. White blood cells, polymorphonuclear neutrophils, total lymphocyte count, CD8+ percentage and number, and CD3+ and CD4+ number were higher in the resistant men. Logistic regression analyses were used to develop 50 bivariate models. Higher levels of neutrophils and CD8+ cells were included in four of the six best-fitting bivariate models, suggesting that each is associated with resistance to HIV-1 infection.
7965637
CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes Cohort Studies HIV Infections/*immunology HIV-1/*immunology Humans Immunity, Innate Leukocyte Count Logistic Models Longitudinal Studies Male Neutrophils Sexual Behavior Sexual Partners
R. L. Detels, Z., Hennessey, K., Kan, J., Visscher, B. R., Taylor, J. M., Hoover, D. R., Rinaldo, C. R., Jr., Phair, J. P., Saah, A. J., et al., (1994). Resistance to HIV-1 infection. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1988), 7(12), 1263-9.
Journal Article
Thrush and Fever as Measures of Immunocompetence in Hiv-1-Infected Men
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol
1994
Dec
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7965635/
The occurrence of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals with high CD4(+) counts indicates poor immunologic function. Thrush and persistent fever, easily recognized clinically, are potential measures of immunocompetence. This analysis establishes the complex interactions of CD4(+) count, thrush, and persistent fever to predict the occurrence of PCP. Analyses used 20,632 person visits from 2,568 HIV-1-seropositive homosexual or bisexual men participating in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Comprehensive examinations were conducted semiannually, while occurrences of PCP were assessed continuously. The occurrence of thrush and fever increase in frequency as CD4(+) levels decrease. The relative hazard of PCP in the presence of thrush compared with the absence of thrush rises (p < 0.05) from 1 for the lowest CD4(+) category to approximately 5 in the highest categories. The relative hazard of PCP in the presence of fe
7965635
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia candida fever cohort studies pneumocystis-carinii pneumonia multicenter aids cohort immunodeficiency-virus type-1 prophylaxis risk
A. J. M. Kirby, A., Detels, R., Armstrong, J. A., Saah, A., Phair, J. P. (1994). Thrush and Fever as Measures of Immunocompetence in Hiv-1-Infected Men. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol, 7(12), 1242-1249.
Journal Article
A stochastic model for the analysis of bivariate longitudinal AIDS data
J Am Stat Assoc
1994
1994
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9192450/
In this paper we analyze serial CD4 T-cell measurements from th LA portion of the MACS. Out emphasis is on developing a plausible and parsimonious model to describe the stochastic process underlying the patterns of CD4 measurements. The stochastic process that we use enables us to investigate the concept of derivative tracking, for which it is assumed that the rank order of the individual's slopes is maintained over time. A general model for the analysis of longitudinal repeated measures data is...
9192450
AIDS analysis CD4 longitudinal longitudinal data MACS measurement model Stochastic Processes stocvhastic model t cell t-cells tracking
J. M. G. C. Taylor, W.G., Sy, J.P. (1994). A stochastic model for the analysis of bivariate longitudinal AIDS data. J Am Stat Assoc, 89(427), 727-736.
Journal Article
Adjusting for differential rates of prophylaxis therapy for PCP in high- versus low-dose AZT treatment arms in an AIDS randomized trial
J Am Stat Assoc
1994
Sep-94
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01621459.1994.10476807
10.1080/01621459.1994.10476807
AIDS AIDS Clinical Trial Group AZT causal inference counter factual variables dependent censoring direct effects G-computation algorithm G-estimation intermediate variables non-random non-compliance PCP pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis prophylaxis therapy randomized trials semiparametric models surrogate marker Survival Analysis therapies therapy time-dependent covariates treatment trial
J. M. G. Robins, S. (1994). Adjusting for differential rates of prophylaxis therapy for PCP in high- versus low-dose AZT treatment arms in an AIDS randomized trial. J Am Stat Assoc, 89(427), 737-749.
Journal Article
A model-based approach to estimate the AIDS-free time distribution in homosexual men using longitudinal data
J Biopharm Stat
1994
Jul-94
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7951270
A model-based approach is developed to estimate the distribution of time from seroconversion to diagnosis with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) as a function of selected time-dependent covariates. The approach is applied to longitudinal data collected over 4 years of follow-up from 450 men seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus (90 AIDS cases) and 62 seroconverters (nine AIDS cases) participating in the Chicago part of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Because of the periodic nature of monitoring, the seroconversion time is interval-censored for seroconverters and left-censored for seroprevalent cohort members; the end-point is right-censored for 413 individuals. Since serological monitoring is not continuous but only at regularly scheduled visit times, a model for the discrete hazard rate (DHR) is proposed that is a generalized linear model that relates the DHR to the covariate history through the complementary log-log link. Classification trees are used for preli
10.1080/10543409408835078
7951270
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Adult AIDS Algorithms Chicago classification cohort Cohort Studies cohort study diagnosis epidemiology follow-up HIV Seropositivity HIV Seroprevalence homosexual homosexual men Homosexuality,Male Human human immunodeficiency virus immunodeficiency infection Longitudinal Studies Male Models,Statistical Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study population predictor predictors research seroconversion seropositive study United States virus
D. D. T. Dunlop, A.C., Chmiel, J.S., Phair, J.P. (1994). A model-based approach to estimate the AIDS-free time distribution in homosexual men using longitudinal data. J Biopharm Stat, 4(2), 129-146.
Journal Article
Access to therapy in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, 1989-1992
J Clin Epidemiol
1994
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7730902
The study aims were (i) to describe secular trends in the utilization of antiretrovirals, antivirals, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) prophylaxis, and antifungal prophylaxis and (ii) to determine whether factors such as clinical status, health services utilization, insurance status, income, education and race were associated with access to therapy. Data on utilization of therapy, health services utilization, income and insurance status were collected semiannually from October 1990 through March 1992 from 1415 homosexual/bisexual HIV-1 seropositive men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Prevalence of therapy use according to level of immunosuppression was determined at each study visit. Clinical AIDS was defined using the 1987 CDC definition. Factors associated with use of antiretroviral therapy and PCP prophylaxis were assessed using multiple logistic regression with robust variance techniques to adjust variance estimates and significance levels for within-person correla
10.1016/0895-4356(94)90115-5
7730902
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*therapy Adult Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use Cohort Studies Continental Population Groups *Health Services Accessibility Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data Humans Income Insurance, Health/statistics & numerical data Male Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/prevention & control United States
N. M. J. Graham, L. P., Kuo, V., Chmiel, J. S., Morgenstern, H., Zucconi, S. L. (1994). Access to therapy in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, 1989-1992. J Clin Epidemiol, 47(9), 1003-12.
Journal Article
CD4+ blood dendritic cells are potent producers of IFN-a in response to in vitro HIV-1 infection
J Immunol
1994
5/1/1994
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7908920
We determined the relative abilities of cell subpopulations from all major PBMC lineages of normal donors to produce IFN-alpha in response to in vitro stimulation with lymphocytotropic HIV-1 (IIIb and RF), monocytotropic HIV-1 (BaL), Sendai virus, and HSV-1. Active and inactive cell-free preparations of HIV-1 IIIb and cell-associated HIV-1 IIIb, and active cell-free preparations of the other viruses, induced comparable, maximal levels of acid-stable IFN-alpha in PBMC by 18 to 24 h. Negative selection and enrichment experiments indicated that HLA-DR+ 'null' cells produced the majority of the IFN-alpha. A positive selection protocol using flow cytometric sorting enriched these HLA-DR+ CD3-
7908920
Antigens,CD4 biosynthesis blood CD4 CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes Dendritic Cells Disease HIV Infections Hiv-1 HIV-1 infection Human immunology In Vitro infection Interferon-alpha Kinetics Lymphocyte Subsets metabolism microbiology Microscopy,Electron,Scanning Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. ultrastructure United States virus CD4+ blood dendritic cells cells response
J. J. T. Ferbas, J.F., Logar, A.J., Navratil, J.S., Rinaldo, C.R., Jr. (1994). CD4+ blood dendritic cells are potent producers of IFN-a in response to in vitro HIV-1 infection. J Immunol, 152(9), 4649-4662.
Journal Article
A longitudinal study of cytomegalovirus infection in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-seropositive homosexual men: molecular epidemiology and association with disease progression
J Infect Dis
1994
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8035013
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) isolates from 234 asymptomatic human immunodeficiency type 1 (HIV-1)-positive men were analyzed for molecular relatedness using junctional hybridization. Of isolates shed simultaneously at two or more body sites, 36% from 22 men were different. Of 180 isolates collected from 67 men over 15 months, different strains were isolated serially from 27 men (40%), most from semen. After follow-up of 58 months (mean), the relative hazard of HIV infection progressing to AIDS was 1.8 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.9-3.7) for men shedding the same strain of CMV and 3.0 (95% CI, 1.4-6.1) for men shedding different strains compared with men not shedding CMV in semen. The prevalence of CMV-specific IgM was higher in men shedding different versus same CMV strains (32% vs. 18%; P = .244). Thus, presence of multiple CMV strains in HIV-1-positive homosexual men is associated with progression to AIDS, possibly via activation of HIV-1-infected CD4 cells.
10.1093/infdis/170.2.293
8035013
Cohort Studies Cytomegalovirus/classification/*genetics/isolation & purification Cytomegalovirus Infections/epidemiology/*etiology/microbiology DNA, Viral/analysis HIV Seropositivity/*complications *hiv-1 Homosexuality Humans Longitudinal Studies Male Nucleic Acid Hybridization Prevalence Restriction Mapping Semen/microbiology
C. T. D. Leach, R., Hennessey, K., Liu, Z., Visscher, B. R., Dudley, J. P., Cherry, J. D. (1994). A longitudinal study of cytomegalovirus infection in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-seropositive homosexual men: molecular epidemiology and association with disease progression. J Infect Dis, 170(2), 293-8.
Journal Article
Association of hepatitis C virus infection with false-positive tests for syphilis
J Infect Dis
1994
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7527828
The prevalence of false-positive reactions for syphilis (reactive rapid plasma reagin [RPR] test and nonreactive fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption [FTA-ABS] test) among patients at sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics was assessed to evaluate the association between false-positive RPR reactions and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections. Among 2672 patients, 400 (15.0%) had antibodies to HCV (anti-HCV) and 254 (9.5%) had a reactive RPR test. Of the 254 reactive RPR tests, 231 (90.1%) were also positive by FTA-ABS, leaving 23 false-positive RPR reactions. After excluding the 231 patients with positive FTA-ABS tests, false-positive RPR tests were found in 9 (2.7%) of 330 anti-HCV-positive patients compared with 14 (0.6%) of 2154 anti-HCV-negative participants (relative risk, 4.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.9-10.9; P = .0017). These data demonstrate that HCV infection is associated with false-positive RPR test results. However, because of the high prevalence of syphilis among S
10.1093/infdis/170.6.1579
7527828
Adolescent Adult Aged Ambulatory Care Facilities Antibodies, Bacterial/blood Child False Positive Reactions Female Hepatitis Antibodies/blood Hepatitis C/complications/*immunology Hepatitis C Antibodies Humans Male Middle Aged Reagins/blood Syphilis/complications Syphilis Serodiagnosis/*statistics & numerical data Treponema pallidum/immunology
D. L. R. Thomas, A. M., Zenilman, J., Hoover, D., Hook, E. W., 3rd, Quinn, T. C. (1994). Association of hepatitis C virus infection with false-positive tests for syphilis. J Infect Dis, 170(6), 1579-81.
Journal Article
Incidence of clinical AIDS conditions in a cohort of homosexual men with CD4+ cell counts < 100/mm3. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
J Infect Dis
1994
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7963728
Incidence rates of AIDS illnesses are described among patients with < or = 100 CD4 cells/mm3 grouped by use of antiretrovirals and chemoprophylaxis. Data were obtained from 2646 homosexual men infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Participants were in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study during 1985-1993. The incidence rates per 100 person-years for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia were 47.4 without treatment, 21.5 with antiretrovirals alone, and 12.8 with antiretrovirals combined with chemoprophylaxis. For Kaposi's sarcoma these rates were 23.2, 11.3, and 15.1, respectively. The incidence of some opportunistic infections, including Mycobacterium avium complex, nonretinitis cytomegalovirus disease, and cytomegalovirus retinitis, increased among persons receiving P. carinii pneumonia prophylaxis, because of reduction of this pneumonia and extension of life span. The incidence pattern of AIDS-defining illnesses in patients receiving treatment points to the changing AIDS epidemic
10.1093/infdis/170.5.1284
7963728
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/epidemiology Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*epidemiology/immunology Adult CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cohort Studies *Homosexuality, Male Humans Incidence Male Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/epidemiology Sarcoma, Kaposi/epidemiology
H. M. Bacellar, A., Hoover, D. R., Phair, J. P., Besley, D. R., Kingsley, L. A., Vermund, S. H. (1994). Incidence of clinical AIDS conditions in a cohort of homosexual men with CD4+ cell counts < 100/mm3. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. J Infect Dis, 170(5), 1284-7.
Journal Article
CD8+ lymphocyte activation at human immunodeficiency virus type 1 seroconversion: development of HLA-DR+ CD38- CD8+ cells is associated with subsequent stable CD4+ cell levels. The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Group
J Infect Dis
1994
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7930717
Subsets of activated CD8+ lymphocytes defined by membrane expression of the activation antigens HLA-DR and CD38 were counted by three-color flow cytometry in homosexual men who subsequently became seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV). Profound CD8+ cell activation was seen in all subjects at seroconversion and 6 and 12 months later. The HLA-DR+ CD38+ CD8+ cell population, which has potent direct HIV cytotoxic T cell activity, was markedly elevated at seroconversion in all subjects. In some men, these levels remained elevated throughout the first year of infection. During the next 5 years, these men had stable CD4+ cell levels, whereas the others did not. Long-term survivors (seropositive for 9 years, > 800 CD4+ cells/mm3) also had elevated levels of this subset, despite few other activated CD8+ cells. Thus, selective elevation of HLA-DR+ CD38- CD8+ cells was a marker of subsequent stable HIV disease.
10.1093/infdis/170.4.775
7930717
ADP-ribosyl Cyclase ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1 Antigens, CD/analysis Antigens, Differentiation/analysis Bisexuality CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology Flow Cytometry Follow-Up Studies HIV Seronegativity/immunology HIV Seropositivity/*immunology/mortality HLA-DR Antigens/*immunology Homosexuality, Male Humans *Lymphocyte Activation Male Membrane Glycoproteins Predictive Value of Tests Reference Values Survival Analysis T-Lymphocyte Subsets/*immunology Time Factors
J. V. H. Giorgi, H. N., Hirji, K., Chou, C. C., Hultin, L. E., O'Rourke, S., Park, L., Margolick, J. B., Ferbas, J., Phair, J. P. (1994). CD8+ lymphocyte activation at human immunodeficiency virus type 1 seroconversion: development of HLA-DR+ CD38- CD8+ cells is associated with subsequent stable CD4+ cell levels. The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Group. J Infect Dis, 170(4), 775-81.
Journal Article
The role of the major histocompatibility complex in human immunodeficiency virus infection--ever more complex?
J Infect Dis
1994
Jun-94
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8195612
10.1093/infdis/169.6.1332
8195612
editorial histocompatibility HIV Infections Human human immunodeficiency virus immunodeficiency immunology Major Histocompatibility Complex Male physiopathology United States virus
R. A. M. Kaslow, D.L. (1994). The role of the major histocompatibility complex in human immunodeficiency virus infection--ever more complex?. J Infect Dis, 169(6), 1332-1333.
Journal Article
Persistent cytomegalovirus infection of semen increases risk of AIDS
J Infect Dis
1994
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8133089
To evaluate if persistent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection of semen in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) antibody-positive men increases AIDS risk, serial cultures for CMV every 3-6 months were attempted four or more times from 164 men followed 3 years. CMV was never isolated from 58 men, in 1 or 2 samples from 54 (intermittently positive), and in > or = 3 samples from 52 (persistently positive). The Cox model was used to estimate relative hazards while controlling for CD4 cell number. The relative hazard was 2.9 for those intermittently and 4.0 for those persistently positive (P < .001). No Kaposi's sarcoma occurred in culture-negative men, 3 cases (5.6%) in intermittently positive men, and 4 cases (7.7%) in persistently positive men (P < .04). Persistent CMV in semen increases the hazard of AIDS in HIV-1 antibody-positive men, possibly by activating CD4 cells to produce HIV-1. Thus, control of CMV in HIV-1-infected persons may slow progression to AIDS.
10.1093/infdis/169.4.766
8133089
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*complications/etiology Adult Bisexuality Cohort Studies Cytomegalovirus/*physiology Cytomegalovirus Infections/*complications Follow-Up Studies Homosexuality Humans Male Proportional Hazards Models Risk Factors Sarcoma, Kaposi/complications/etiology Semen/*microbiology
R. L. Detels, C. T., Hennessey, K., Liu, Z., Visscher, B. R., Cherry, J. D., Giorgi, J. V. (1994). Persistent cytomegalovirus infection of semen increases risk of AIDS. J Infect Dis, 169(4), 766-8.
Journal Article
The T-cell receptor Vb repertoire in naïve and human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)-infected chimpanzees
J Med Primatol
1994
Oct-94
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7602579
Using a panel of human T-cell receptor (TCR) variable region beta chain (V beta) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers, we performed cross- sectional and longitudinal analyses of the TCR V beta repertoire in naive and HIV-1 infected chimpanzees. We demonstrate that our TCR PCR primer panel will support amplification of chimpanzee cDNA from most of the TCR V beta families. However, no differences in TCR V beta expression were found between the naive and HIV-1 infected chimpanzees, unlike the TCR V beta repertoire perturbation found in HIV-1 infected human subjects. This finding suggests that a complete TCR repertoire in HIV-1 infected chimpanzees is associated with the maintenance CD4+ T- cell numbers and lack of progression to AIDS
10.1111/j.1600-0684.1994.tb00132.x.
7602579
AIDS analysis Animal Base Sequence Cross-Sectional Studies Disease Models,Animal Female genetics HIV Infections Hiv-1 Human immunodeficiency immunology Longitudinal Studies Male Molecular Sequence Data Pan troglodytes pathology Polymerase Chain Reaction Receptors,Antigen,T-Cell,alpha-beta Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. t cell
D. M. N. Boldt-Houle, S.M., Jr., Rinaldo, C.R., Jr., Ehrlich, G.D. (1994). The T-cell receptor Vb repertoire in naïve and human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)-infected chimpanzees. J Med Primatol, 23(8), 432-441.
Journal Article
Problems with causal inference in cross-sectional studies of HIV infection
J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci
1994
Spring
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8044047
10.1176/jnp.6.2.201
8044047
AIDS Dementia Complex/diagnosis/*epidemiology/psychology Activities of Daily Living/psychology Causality Cross-Sectional Studies HIV Seropositivity/diagnosis/*epidemiology/psychology Humans Male Neuropsychological Tests
E. N. S. Miller, P., Selnes, O. A. (1994). Problems with causal inference in cross-sectional studies of HIV infection. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci, 6(2), 201-3.
Journal Article
Confounding factors in the measurement of depression in HIV
J Pers Assess
1994
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8138888
Our study investigates the nature of elevated depression scores on the MMPI-168 in human-immunodeficiency-virus- (HIV-)infected individuals. Comparison of MMPI scales, factor scores, and individual depression item endorsement rates were made between three groups of homosexual/bisexual men: asymptomatic HIV-1 seropositives (n = 156), symptomatic HIV-1 seropositives (n = 156), and a comparison group of HIV-1 seronegatives (n = 117). Elevated scores were found on the MMPI depression scale for all three groups, with HIV infection and the presence of symptoms being associated with significant elevations in depression. Analyses of these elevated scores through the use of factor scores and individual item analyses strongly suggest that endorsement of items related to physical symptoms and neuropsychological complaints accounted for much of the difference in overall depression scores between samples. Implications are discussed for measurement and diagnosis of depression in HIV populations.
10.1207/s15327752jpa6201_7
8138888
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnosis/*epidemiology Adult Bisexuality Comorbidity Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic Depressive Disorder/*diagnosis/epidemiology HIV Seropositivity/diagnosis/*epidemiology *Homosexuality Humans MMPI/*statistics & numerical data Male Personality Assessment
C. E. V. G. Drebing, W. G., Hinkin, C., Miller, E. N., Satz, P., Kim, D. S., Holston, S., D'Elia, L. F. (1994). Confounding factors in the measurement of depression in HIV. J Pers Assess, 62(1), 68-83.
Journal Article
Frequencies of MMPI-168 code types among asymptomatic and symptomatic HIV-1 seropositive gay men
J Pers Assess
1994
Dec-94
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7844740
Welsh codes of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-168 (MMPI- 168) profiles were calculated for 151 HIV-1 seropositive gay men and 27 gay seronegative controls. Although 99% of seropositives' profiles were clinically elevated, the profile configurations among subjects were varied. These data document the presence of considerable emotional distress among HIV-infected individuals, yet the heterogeneity of codes encountered argues against generalizations of seropositive subjects based upon mean MMPI profiles
10.1207/s15327752jpa6303_12
7844740
Adult asymptomatic Comparative Study control diagnosis HIV Seronegativity HIV Seropositivity Hiv-1 Homosexuality,Male Human Longitudinal Studies Los Angeles Male Mental Disorders Middle Age Mmpi psychology seropositive symptomatic United States
L. H. V. G. Moore, W.G., Hinkin, C.H., Holston, S.G., Weisman, J.D., Satz, P. (1994). Frequencies of MMPI-168 code types among asymptomatic and symptomatic HIV-1 seropositive gay men. J Pers Assess, 63(3), 574-578.
Journal Article
Genetic differences between blood- and brain-derived viral sequences from human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients: evidence of conserved elements in the V3 region of the envelope protein of brain- derived sequences
J Virol
1994
Nov-94
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7933130
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) sequences were generated from blood and from brain tissue obtained by stereotactic biopsy from six patients undergoing a diagnostic neurosurgical procedure. Proviral DNA was directly amplified by nested PCR, and 8 to 36 clones from each sample were sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis of intrapatient envelope V3-V5 region HIV-1 DNA sequence sets revealed that brain viral sequences were clustered relative to the blood viral sequences, suggestive of tissue-specific compartmentalization of the virus in four of the six cases. In the other two cases, the blood and brain virus sequences were intermingled in the phylogenetic analyses, suggesting trafficking of virus between the two tissues. Slide-based PCR-driven in situ hybridization of two of the patients' brain biopsy samples confirmed our interpretation of the intrapatient phylogenetic analyses. Interpatient V3 region brain-derived sequence distances were significantly less than blood-derived sequen
10.1128/JVI.68.11.7467-7481.1994
7933130
PMC237189
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Amino Acid Sequence analysis Biopsy blood Brain chemistry Conserved Sequence diagnostic Dna Gene Products,env genetics Hiv-1 Human human immunodeficiency virus immunodeficiency In Situ Hybridization In Vitro Laboratories Molecular Sequence Data PCR Phylogeny Polymerase Chain Reaction Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,Non-P.H.S. Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. Tropism United States Viremia virology virus
B. T. M. K. Korber, K.J., Patterson, B.K., Furtado, M., McEvilly, M.M., Levy, R., Wolinsky, S.M. (1994). Genetic differences between blood- and brain-derived viral sequences from human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients: evidence of conserved elements in the V3 region of the envelope protein of brain- derived sequences. J Virol, 68(11), 7467-7481. PMC237189
Journal Article
Demented and nondemented patients with AIDS differ in brain-derived human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope sequences
J Virol
1994
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8207838
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) dementia is a common clinical syndrome of uncertain pathogenesis in patients with AIDS. In several animal models of retrovirus-induced brain disease, specific viral envelope sequences have been found to influence the occurrence of central nervous system disease. Therefore, to search for unique envelope sequences correlated with HIV dementia, we studied 22 HIV-infected patients who were neurologically assessed premortem and classified into demented (HIVD) (n = 14) and nondemented (ND) (n = 8) groups. Using DNA from autopsied brain and spleen, we amplified, cloned, and sequenced a 430-nucleotide region including the V3 loop and flanking regions. All brain-derived clones in both clinical groups showed marked homology to the macrophage-tropic consensus sequence within the V3 loop. Two amino acid positions within (position 305) and outside (position 329) the V3 region showed significant divergence between the two clinical groups. At position 305, a histidi
10.1128/JVI.68.7.4643-4649.1994
8207838
PMC236392
AIDS Dementia Complex/metabolism/*microbiology Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/metabolism/*microbiology Amino Acid Sequence Base Sequence Gene Products, env/*genetics HIV Envelope Protein gp120/genetics HIV-1/*genetics Humans Molecular Sequence Data Oligodeoxyribonucleotides Peptide Fragments/genetics Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
C. M. Power, J. C., Johnson, R. T., Griffin, D. E., Glass, J. D., Perryman, S., Chesebro, B. (1994). Demented and nondemented patients with AIDS differ in brain-derived human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope sequences. J Virol, 68(7), 4643-49. PMC236392
Journal Article
Clinicopathologic correlations of HIV-1-associated vacuolar myelopathy: an autopsy-based case-control study
Neurology
1994
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7969977
To determine the clinical correlates of HIV-1-associated vacuolar myelopathy (VM), we designed a case-control study based on 215 AIDS autopsies in which we examined the spinal cord. We defined a case as an individual dying with AIDS and with VM present at autopsy; we defined a control as an individual dying with AIDS without VM. VM was found in 100 of 215 (46.5%) autopsies, with no apparent temporal trends. A higher number of AIDS-defining illnesses was strongly associated with the likelihood of VM (trend chi-square = 26.52, p < 0.001). Systemic infection with Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia were each associated with the pathologic findings of VM in both univariate and multivariate models. In the brain, multinucleated giant cells were detected in more cases than in controls (odds ratio = 3.68, 95% CI = 1.73 to 7.47, p < 0.001). The clinical features of HIV-1 dementia were not associated with VM; in contrast, predominantly sensory neuropathy was mor
10.1212/wnl.44.11.2159
7969977
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/epidemiology/etiology/pathology Adult Case-Control Studies Confidence Intervals Female HIV Infections/epidemiology/*etiology/*pathology *hiv-1 Humans Male Middle Aged Odds Ratio Spinal Cord Diseases/epidemiology/*etiology/*pathology Vacuoles/pathology
G. J. G. Dal Pan, J. D., McArthur, J. C. (1994). Clinicopathologic correlations of HIV-1-associated vacuolar myelopathy: an autopsy-based case-control study. Neurology, 44(11), 2159-64.
Journal Article
Temporal trends in the incidence of HIV-1-related neurologic diseases: Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, 1985-1992
Neurology
1994
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7936243
OBJECTIVE: To describe temporal trends in the incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related neurologic diseases in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study from 1985 to 1992. METHODS: The incidence rates of six neurologic disorders were examined: toxoplasmosis, cryptococcal meningitis, primary CNS lymphoma, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, HIV dementia, and sensory neuropathy. Poisson modeling was used to test linear trends over time and the effects of progressive immunosuppression, antimicrobial prophylaxis, and antiretroviral drug therapy. RESULTS: There was an upward temporal trend in all incidence rates, except for HIV dementia. Progressive immunosuppression in the cohort explained all calendar trends except for sensory neuropathy, where an increasing temporal trend remained even after adjusting for CD4+ cell count, and for HIV dementia where a slight decline was noted, although the effects were not statistically significant. We noted a protective trend of antimicrobi
10.1212/wnl.44.10.1892
7936243
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*complications/therapy Adult Aged Baltimore/epidemiology Chicago/epidemiology Cohort Studies Confidence Intervals District of Columbia/epidemiology Humans Incidence Los Angeles/epidemiology Male Middle Aged Nervous System Diseases/*epidemiology/etiology Pennsylvania/epidemiology Poisson Distribution Regression Analysis Time Factors Zidovudine/therapeutic use
H. M. Bacellar, A., Miller, E. N., Cohen, B. A., Besley, D., Selnes, O. A., Becker, J. T., McArthur, J. C. (1994). Temporal trends in the incidence of HIV-1-related neurologic diseases: Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, 1985-1992. Neurology, 44(10), 1892-900.
Journal Article
Cytomegalovirus encephalitis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Neurology
1994
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8145923
Cytomegalovirus encephalitis (CMVE) is frequently diagnosed only at postmortem because its specific clinical features have not been fully identified. We have described the clinical, radiologic, and laboratory features of CMVE in a retrospective review of 14 autopsy-confirmed cases of CMVE and compared them with a control group of demented acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients without CMVE. CMVE was more common among homosexual men, and a subacute onset was more typical (mean duration of presenting symptoms was 3.5 weeks versus 18 weeks in demented controls). Median survival times were 4.6 weeks for CMVE and 28 weeks for controls. CMVE was accompanied by prominent systemic CMV infection at autopsy, including CMV adrenalitis (92%), CMV pneumonitis (42%), systemic Mycobacterium avium intracellulare (MAI; 58%), and CMV retinitis (58%). Hyponatremia and MAI bacteremia were found in 58% of CMVE cases. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of CSF samples identified CMV genome in 33% of
10.1212/wnl.44.3_part_1.507
8145923
AIDS Dementia Complex/complications/pathology AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/*pathology Adult Brain/pathology Cytomegalovirus Infections/complications/*pathology Encephalitis/complications/*pathology Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Retrospective Studies Survival Analysis
N. R. P. Holland, C., Mathews, V. P., Glass, J. D., Forman, M., McArthur, J. C. (1994). Cytomegalovirus encephalitis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Neurology, 44(3 Pt 1), 507-14.
Journal Article
The relationship between age and cognitive impairment in HIV-1 infection: findings from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and a clinical cohort
Neurology
1994
May-94
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8190299
Previous studies have identified age as a risk factor for many neurologic disorders, and a 'cerebral reserve' factor has been postulated to explain these findings. This study examined whether age represents a risk factor for HIV-1-related neuropsychological dysfunction. Subjects for study 1 were primarily asymptomatic seropositive (n = 1,066) and seronegative (n = 1,004) nonelderly male community volunteers who completed neuropsychological and reaction time measures. Data analyses revealed a significant effect for age on reaction time and timed neuropsychological measures, but no interaction between age and serostatus. Study 2, employing a similar neuropsychological battery, consisted of 76 seropositive men (29 over age 55) recruited from community outpatient clinics and 47 seronegative controls. We found serostatus and age to have main effects on a number of measures, but a trend for an effect of age-serostatus interaction on only one measure
10.1212/wnl.44.5.929
8190299
Adult age Aged Aging AIDS AIDS Dementia Complex asymptomatic clinical Cognition Disorders cognitive cognitive impairment cohort Cohort Studies cohort study complications control effects etiology Female HIV Infections Hiv-1 HIV-1 infection Human infection Los Angeles Male Middle Age Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Multicenter Studies Neuropsychological neuropsychological dysfunction Neuropsychological Tests physiopathology psychology Reaction Time Risk seropositive serostatus study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. United States
W. G. M. Van Gorp, E.N., Marcotte, T.D., Dixon, W., Paz, D., Selnes, O.A., Wesch, J., Becker, J.T., Hinkin, C.H., Mitrushina, M., Satz, P., Weisman, J.D., Buckingham, S.L., Stenquist, P.K. (1994). The relationship between age and cognitive impairment in HIV-1 infection: findings from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and a clinical cohort. Neurology, 44(5), 929-935.
Journal Article
Development of a screening battery for HIV-related cognitive impairment: The MACS experience
Neuropsychology of HIV Infection
1994
cognitive cognitive impairment Hiv HIV infection infection MACS neurocognitive deficits neuropsychology Opportunistic Infections screening
Book Section
Computerized testing to assess cognition in HIV-positive individuals
Neuropsychology of HIV Infection: Current Research and New Directions.
1994
Cognition Hiv HIV infection infection neuropsychology research testing
Book Section
Psychoneuroimmunology of HIV infection
Psychiatr Clin North Am
1994
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8190669
The biological pathways exist that could allow psychological factors to alter immune status in HIV-positive individuals. It yet remains to be determined whether such factors can, in fact, act as cofactors in HIV progression. The biology of AIDS is complex, and a multitude of processes may act on HIV progression and complicate studies in this area. The search for modifiable host factors that may alter the progression of HIV infection, however, is an important part of AIDS research and deserves the careful attention of behavioral and biological scientists.
8190669
Antigens, CD/immunology Brain/immunology/physiopathology Central Nervous System Diseases/immunology/physiopathology/psychology Depressive Disorder/*etiology/immunology/physiopathology HIV Seropositivity/*immunology/physiopathology/*psychology Homosexuality/psychology Humans Male Psychoneuroimmunology
M. E. Kemeny (1994). Psychoneuroimmunology of HIV infection. Psychiatr Clin North Am, 17(1), 55-68.
Journal Article
Electroencephalographic coherence in acquired immune deficiency syndrome
Psychiatry Res
1994
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7701024
We studied a quantitative electroencephalographic (EEG) measure, coherence, in 28 patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and 56 uninfected volunteers. Compared with uninfected subjects, AIDS patients had increased coherence in the 6- to 10-Hz band. The largest increases in coherence were between frontal and occipital regions and between temporal and frontal regions. Coherence within contiguous regions was less affected. Eight of the 28 AIDS patients (29%) had clinically abnormal EEG findings, compared with four of the 56 uninfected control subjects (7%). Among the AIDS patients, 12 had normal neuropsychological performance, nine had mild impairment, and six had moderate impairment. Coherence was increased in each subgroup of AIDS patients, including those with normal neuropsychologic performance and/or normal clinical EEG results. AIDS patients were then classified by quantitative EEG power in frontal head regions as "abnormal" (the upper third of patients) or "normal
10.1016/0165-1781(94)90060-4
7701024
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*diagnosis/physiopathology Brain/*physiopathology Diagnosis, Differential *Electroencephalography Humans Neuropsychological Tests
T. F. L. Newton, A. F., Walter, D. O., van Gorp, W. G., Morgenstern, H., Miller, E. N., Lieb, K., Visscher, B., Satz, P., Weiner, H. (1994). Electroencephalographic coherence in acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Psychiatry Res, 54(1), 11-Jan.
Journal Article
Identification of herpesvirus-like DNA sequences in AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma
Science
1994
16-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7997879
Representational difference analysis was used to isolate unique sequences present in more than 90 percent of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) tissues obtained from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). These sequences were not present in tissue DNA from non-AIDS patients, but were present in 15 percent of non-KS tissue DNA samples from AIDS patients. The sequences are homologous to, but distinct from, capsid and tegument protein genes of the Gammaherpesvirinae, herpesvirus saimiri and Epstein-Barr virus. These KS-associated herpesvirus-like (KSHV) sequences appear to define a new human herpesvirus.
10.1126/science.7997879
7997879
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*complications Amino Acid Sequence Base Composition Base Sequence Blotting, Southern Cloning, Molecular DNA, Viral/*analysis/chemistry/genetics Female Herpesviridae/*genetics Herpesvirus 2, Saimiriine/genetics Herpesvirus 4, Human/genetics Humans Male Molecular Sequence Data Nucleic Acid Hybridization Open Reading Frames Polymerase Chain Reaction Retrospective Studies Sarcoma, Kaposi/etiology/*virology Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
Y. C. Chang, E., Pessin, M. S., Lee, F., Culpepper, J., Knowles, D. M., Moore, P. S. (1994). Identification of herpesvirus-like DNA sequences in AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma. Science, 266(5192), 1865-9.
Journal Article
The effectiveness of interventions on incubation of AIDS as measured by secular increases within a population
Stat Med
1994
Oct 15-30
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7846415
Methods are developed to estimate and test for the impact of intervention use on a population's survival function (time to AIDS). Each participant's history is divided into J + 1 components: omega 0 occurring before the intervention is available and omega 1 to omega J occurring later, as the intervention becomes successively more available. Distribution free truncated Kaplan-Meier models based on time since exposure fit separately to the risk sets/outcomes in omega 0 to omega J directly show the changing patterns of survival. Multivariate proportional hazards models can be used to adjust for covariates. Application of these methods indicates that availability of proven anti-AIDS interventions may have delayed time to AIDS by 8 months in an educated HIV-1 infected homosexual cohort with good access to medical care.
10.1002/sim.4780131920
7846415
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology/mortality/*therapy Age of Onset Cohort Studies Disease Progression Disease-Free Survival HIV Infections/epidemiology/mortality/*therapy HIV Seropositivity/epidemiology Homosexuality, Male Humans Male *Models, Statistical Multicenter Studies as Topic Multivariate Analysis Proportional Hazards Models Statistics, Nonparametric Time Factors Treatment Outcome
D. R. M. Hoover, A., He, Y., Taylor, J. M., Kingsley, L., Chmiel, J. S., Saah, A. (1994). The effectiveness of interventions on incubation of AIDS as measured by secular increases within a population. Stat Med, 13(19-20), 2127-39.
Journal Article
Smoothing grouped bivariate data to obtain the incubation period distribution of AIDS
Stat Med
1994
15-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8047748
We use a penalized likelihood approach to obtain a smooth estimate of a bivariate distribution from grouped data where each observation consists of a region in a plane. The purpose of the analysis is to estimate the incubation period distribution of AIDS from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, a prevalent cohort of homosexual men. In this article we illustrate the usefulness of the penalized likelihood approach. We also discuss the use of a cross-validation and a Bayesian scheme to choose the smoothing parameters and bootstrap samples to assess uncertainty.
10.1002/sim.4780130907
8047748
AIDS Serodiagnosis/statistics & numerical data Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*epidemiology/transmission *Cohort Studies Confidence Intervals Disease Outbreaks/*statistics & numerical data Follow-Up Studies Homosexuality Humans Los Angeles Male *Models, Statistical Multicenter Studies as Topic/*statistics & numerical data Reproducibility of Results
J. M. C. Taylor, Y. (1994). Smoothing grouped bivariate data to obtain the incubation period distribution of AIDS. Stat Med, 13(9), 969-81.
Journal Article
Marker values at the time of an AIDS diagnosis
Stat Med
1994
10/15/1994
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7846410
In this paper statistical methods are proposed to estimate the distribution of a CD4 T-cell number at the time of a clinical AIDS endpoint from serial measurements of CD4 T-cell values in a cohort study. The statistical formulation of the problem is that of survival analysis with interval censored data, but in which the endpoints are obtained with measurement error. A measurement error likelihood is developed, assuming normality of the CD4 distribution at AIDS. A maximum likelihood estimation procedure and a Gibbs sampling approach are implemented
10.1002/sim.4780131915
7846410
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome AIDS analysis Bias (Epidemiology) CD4 CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes clinical cohort Cohort Studies cohort study diagnosis epidemiology estimation HIV Infections Homosexuality,Male Human Likelihood Functions Los Angeles Male marker measurement methods Models,Statistical statistical study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. survival Survival Analysis t cell Time Factors
J. M. G. K. Taylor, D.K. (1994). Marker values at the time of an AIDS diagnosis. Stat Med, 13(19-20), 2059-2066.
Journal Article
Regional brain atrophy in HIV-1 infection: association with specific neuropsychological test performance
Acta Neurol Scand
1993
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8213054
Quantified magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was related to neuropsychological (NP) test scores in an asymptomatic HIV-1 seropositive group, a non-demented AIDS/ARC group, a group of subjects with HIV-1 dementia, and a seronegative control group. The MRIs were quantified using three planimetric measures of brain structure: the bicaudate ratio (a measure of caudate region atrophy), the bifrontal ratio (a measure of frontal region atrophy), and the ventricle to brain ratio (a measure of overall cerebral atrophy). Cognitive performance was assessed with standard NP tests. Significant correlations between the MRI ratios and many of the NP tests were observed. Of the tests grooved pegboard, part B of the trail making test, the verbal fluency test, and the digit span forward were associated with MRI abnormalities. The bicaudate ratio was most closely associated with the NP tests. These findings indicate that ventricular enlargement, especially in the region of the caudate, is closely related
10.1111/j.1600-0404.1993.tb04201.x
8213054
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications/*physiopathology Adult Brain/diagnostic imaging/*physiopathology Brain Diseases/diagnosis/etiology/*physiopathology Caudate Nucleus/diagnostic imaging/physiopathology Cerebral Ventricles/physiopathology Cognition Disorders/diagnosis/etiology/physiopathology HIV Seropositivity Hiv-1 Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Neuropsychological Tests Radiography
K. M. Hestad, J. H., Dal Pan, G. J., Selnes, O. A., Nance-Sproson, T. E., Aylward, E., Mathews, V. P., McArthur, J. C. (1993). Regional brain atrophy in HIV-1 infection: association with specific neuropsychological test performance. Acta Neurol Scand, 88(2), 112-8.
Journal Article
Longitudinal trends in the use of illicit drugs and alcohol in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
Addict Res
1993
1993
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/16066359309005541
Secular trends in illicit drug & alcohol use among gay men may reflect behavioral changes related to concerns about HIV1. These trends may also have public health ramifications to the extent that they measure the results of education about safer sexual practices. Using data from 1984-89 in the MACS, we investigated trends in use of illicit drugs & alcohol in HIV1- men, HIV1+ men without AIDS, and HIV1+ men who developed AIDS. Illicit drug use was initially common, particularly in the HIV1+ groups, but declined substantially with time. Alcohol use declined considerably in the HIV1+ groups and to a lesser extend in HIV- men. Moderation in illicit drug & alcohol use was not robustly associated with demographic characteristics. While self-reported illicit drug & alcohol use decreased from 1984-89, such use persisted in most of each group.
10.3109/16066359309005541
AIDS alcohol alcohol use behavioral change characteristics cohort Cohort Studies cohort study demographics drug use drugs Education gay men health Hiv illicit drug use longitudinal longitudinal trends MACS Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study practices Public Health self-reported sexual sexual practices study substance use trends behavioral changes Time
P. F. B. Sullivan, J.T., Dew, M.A., Penkower, L., Detels, R., Hoover, D.R., Kaslow, R., Palenicek, J., Wesch, J.E. (1993). Longitudinal trends in the use of illicit drugs and alcohol in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Addict Res, 1(3), 279-290.
Journal Article
Secondary prevention of HIV: knowledge and beliefs about HIV, therapy and community resources
AIDS
1993
Jun-93
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8363771
8363771
agent AIDS Serodiagnosis Antiviral Agents Bisexuality Cohort Studies drug therapy Health Resources Hiv HIV Infections Homosexuality Human letter Male Pennsylvania prevention & control psychology Questionnaires statistics & numerical data supply & distribution Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. therapeutic use therapies therapy United States utilization
A. J. Z. Silvestre, S.Y.J., Kingsley, L.A., Rinaldo, C.R. (1993). Secondary prevention of HIV: knowledge and beliefs about HIV, therapy and community resources. AIDS, 7(6), 899-900.
Journal Article
Restoration of T-cell function in HIV infection by reduction of intracellular cAMP levels with adenosine analogues
AIDS
1993
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8391271
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: The impaired function of T cells is characteristic of HIV infection. It contributes to disease pathogenesis and is associated with disease prognosis. Our aim was to describe a biochemical basis for this impairment and a pharmacological way of restoring function. METHODS: Measurement of intracellular cAMP, protein kinase A (PKA) activity and proliferative capacity of T cells to recall antigens. RESULTS: HIV-seropositive individuals without AIDS showed significant increases in intracellular cAMP levels and PKA activity (inhibitors of lymphocyte function). The proliferative capacity of T cells to recall antigens correlated inversely with initial cAMP levels: poor proliferation was associated with high cAMP level in HIV infection. Moreover, drugs that reduced intracellular cAMP levels led to significant restoration of specific T-cell proliferation and cytotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that high intracellular cAMP concentrations contribute to pathogenesi
10.1097/00002030-199305000-00008
8391271
Adenosine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology Amino Acid Sequence Antigens, Fungal Candida albicans/immunology Cyclic AMP/*metabolism Dideoxyadenosine/pharmacology HIV Infections/drug therapy/*immunology/*metabolism Humans In Vitro Techniques Intracellular Fluid/metabolism Lymphocyte Activation Molecular Sequence Data Oligopeptides/chemistry Protein Kinases/metabolism Substrate Specificity T-Lymphocytes/drug effects/*immunology/*metabolism
B. N. Hofmann, P., Nguyen, T., Liu, M., Fahey, J. L. (1993). Restoration of T-cell function in HIV infection by reduction of intracellular cAMP levels with adenosine analogues. AIDS, 7(5), 659-64.
Journal Article
Predictors of Sexual-Behavior Change among Men Requesting Their Hiv-1 Antibody Status - the Chicago MACS CCS Cohort of Homosexual Bisexual Men, 1985-1986
Aids Educ Prev
1993
Fal
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8217471/
It has been proposed that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody testing and counseling are effective means of altering sexual behavior among individuals at risk of HIV infection and transmission. However, the evidence supporting this hypothesis is inconclusive. This study examines the factors associated with sexual behavior change among a group of participants in the Chicago MACS/Coping and Change Study (CMACS/CCS) who requested their HIV antibody status when they were first given the opportunity, between 1985 and 1986. A set of demographic and psychosocial predictors were tested in association with 4 possible outcome patterns of sexual behavior change during the time of antibody status disclosure. For comparative purposes, a randomly selected sample of men who did not request disclosure of their HIV antibody status was analyzed. The results revealed that, among the 177 individuals who requested disclosure, the group experiencing an adverse sexual behavior change (i.e., from low
8217471
aids epidemic risk prevention infection responses patterns impact gay
E. D. O. Beltran, D. G., Joseph, J. G. (1993). Predictors of Sexual-Behavior Change among Men Requesting Their Hiv-1 Antibody Status - the Chicago MACS CCS Cohort of Homosexual Bisexual Men, 1985-1986. Aids Educ Prev, 5(3), 185-195.
Journal Article
Dietary micronutrient intake and risk of progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected homosexual men
Am J Epidemiol
1993
1-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7903021
The authors sought to determine if different levels of dietary intake of micronutrients are associated with the progression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). A total of 281 HIV-1 seropositive homosexual/bisexual men were seen semiannually since 1984 at the Baltimore/Washington, DC site of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Participants completed a self-administered semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire at baseline. Levels of daily micronutrient intake at baseline were examined in relation to subsequent progression to AIDS (1987 Centers for Disease Control definition; n = 108) during a median follow-up period of 6.8 years. For each nutrient, the authors used a Cox proportional hazards model to adjust for age, presence of symptoms, CD4+ lymphocyte count, energy intake, use of antiretrovirals, and use of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis. The highest levels of total intake (from food and supplements) of
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116814
7903021
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*epidemiology/etiology Adult Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use Baltimore/epidemiology *Bisexuality *CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes Confidence Intervals District of Columbia/epidemiology Energy Metabolism Follow-Up Studies HIV Seropositivity/blood/*complications/drug therapy/metabolism *hiv-1 *Homosexuality Humans Leukocyte Count Male Nutrition Surveys *Nutritional Status Proportional Hazards Models Risk Factors Survival Analysis Trace Elements/*administration & dosage Vitamins/*administration & dosage
A. M. G. Tang, N. M., Kirby, A. J., McCall, L. D., Willett, W. C., Saah, A. J. (1993). Dietary micronutrient intake and risk of progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected homosexual men. Am J Epidemiol, 138(11), 937-51.
Journal Article
Trends in the incidence of outcomes defining acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study: 1985-1991
Am J Epidemiol
1993
15-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8096356
Incidence of clinical outcomes defining acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) may be expected to change as a consequence of progressive immunosuppression and use of chemoprophylaxis before the onset of AIDS. Using Poisson regression methods, we examined trends in the incidence of initial and secondary AIDS-defining illnesses from 1985 to 1991 among 2,627 homosexual men participating in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study who were seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus type 1. The incidence of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia rose steeply until 1987 but has declined since then (p < 0.001), while the other AIDS-defining conditions have showed significant (p < or = 0.039) upward trends. Trends for Kaposi's sarcoma, lymphoma, neurologic disease, and cytomegalovirus/herpes simplex virus infections were explained by progressive immunosuppression, but residual downward and upward trends were present for P. carinii pneumonia and other opportunistic infections (bacterial, fungal, and pro
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116691
8096356
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/*epidemiology/etiology Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*complications/immunology CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes Cohort Studies Cytomegalovirus Infections/*epidemiology/etiology HIV Seropositivity/complications *HIV-1/immunology Herpes Simplex/epidemiology/etiology Humans Incidence Leukocyte Count Lymphoma/*epidemiology/etiology Male Nervous System Diseases/*epidemiology/etiology Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/*epidemiology/etiology Prospective Studies Regression Analysis Risk Factors Sarcoma, Kaposi/*epidemiology/etiology United States/epidemiology
A. S. Munoz, L. K., Bacellar, H., Speizer, I., Vermund, S. H., Detels, R., Saah, A. J., Kingsley, L. A., Seminara, D., Phair, J. P. (1993). Trends in the incidence of outcomes defining acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study: 1985-1991. Am J Epidemiol, 137(4), 423-38.
Journal Article
Epidemiologic analysis of Kaposi's sarcoma as an early and later AIDS outcome in homosexual men
Am J Epidemiol
1993
8/15/1993
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8356967
The authors separately studied the epidemiology (risk and risk factors) of Kaposi's sarcoma occurring as an initial acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) outcome (early Kaposi's sarcoma) and later after a different initial AIDS outcome (later Kaposi's sarcoma) in a cohort of 2,591 human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected gay men of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study between 1984 and 1992. Among 844 AIDS cases, 202 presented with early Kaposi's sarcoma, 101 subsequently developed later Kaposi's sarcoma, and 541 were not diagnosed with Kaposi's sarcoma. Overall, 37.4% of AIDS cases were diagnosed with Kaposi's sarcoma prior to death. Kaposi's sarcoma diagnosed on the skin was significantly more common with early Kaposi's sarcoma (77.3%) than with later Kaposi's sarcoma (65.1%). Men presenting with an AIDS outcome other than Kaposi's sarcoma were at high risk for later Kaposi's sarcoma. Later Kaposi's sarcoma onset in men with a previous AIDS outcome was associated with the followi
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116855
8356967
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Adult AIDS analysis Baltimore characteristics cohort Cohort Studies cohort study complications cytokine diagnosis epidemiology ethnology homosexual homosexual men Homosexuality Human human immunodeficiency virus immune Immune System immunodeficiency Kaposi's sarcoma Male model mortality Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Multicenter Studies outcome pathogenesis Prognosis Risk Risk Factors Sarcoma,Kaposi Sex Behavior sexual sexual activity Skin Smoking study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. Time Factors United States virus
D. R. B. Hoover, C., Jacobson, L.P., Martinez-Maza, O., Seminara, D., Saah, A., Von Roenn, J., Anderson, R., Armenian, H.K. (1993). Epidemiologic analysis of Kaposi's sarcoma as an early and later AIDS outcome in homosexual men. Am J Epidemiol, 138(4), 266-278.
Journal Article
Composite risk score for Kaposi's sarcoma based on a case-control and longitudinal study in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) population
Am J Epidemiol
1993
15-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8356966
The possibility that an agent in addition to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 may be involved in the etiology of Kaposi's sarcoma in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients was investigated between 1984 and 1992 in this nested case-control analysis from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) of homosexual and bisexual men. A total of 316 cases of Kaposi's sarcoma were identified and compared with 510 participants with AIDS and no evidence of cancer. More of the Kaposi's sarcoma cases were from Los Angeles and used a higher number of recreational drugs. The Kaposi's sarcoma cases were also more active sexually. There was a dose-response relation between Kaposi's sarcoma and the number of sexual partners, with an odds ratio of 2 between the most and least sexually active subgroups. The odds ratio for Kaposi's sarcoma increased to 4.18 (95% confidence interval 1.29-14.1) in the presence of a history of five infections. Hepatitis and gonorrhea contributed the most to this r
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116854
8356966
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*complications Case-Control Studies Cohort Studies *Homosexuality Humans Longitudinal Studies Male Risk Factors Sarcoma, Kaposi/complications/*epidemiology/*etiology *Sexual Behavior Sexually Transmitted Diseases/complications Substance Abuse, Intravenous/complications United States
H. K. H. Armenian, D. R., Rubb, S., Metz, S., Kaslow, R., Visscher, B., Chmiel, J., Kingsley, L., Saah, A. (1993). Composite risk score for Kaposi's sarcoma based on a case-control and longitudinal study in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) population. Am J Epidemiol, 138(4), 256-65.
Journal Article
Changes in survival after acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS): 1984-1991
Am J Epidemiol
1993
1-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7903022
In a prospective cohort of 2,647 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) seropositive homosexual men enrolled in Baltimore, Chicago, Los Angeles, and Pittsburgh, 891 developed clinical acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) between June 1984 and January 1992. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine temporal trends in survival after AIDS for specific diagnoses, controlling for level of immunosuppression at diagnosis, age, race, and geographic location. Median survival time following AIDS onset increased from 11.6 months in 1984-1985 to 19.5 months in 1988-1989; for those diagnosed in 1990-1991, the median survival time dropped to 17.2 months. Trends in improved survival were diagnosis-specific. Survival after Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia consistently improved from 1984 to 1991 (p < 0.001). Compared with men diagnosed in 1984-1985, those diagnosed with P. carinii pneumonia in 1990-1991 had one-tenth the hazard of dying. For men with > or = 100 helper T-lymphocytes (
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116815
7903022
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/blood/drug therapy/*mortality Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/blood/complications/drug therapy/*mortality Adult Baltimore/epidemiology *CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes Chicago/epidemiology Confidence Intervals HIV Seropositivity/blood/complications/drug therapy/*mortality *hiv-1 Homosexuality Humans Leukocyte Count Los Angeles/epidemiology Male Pennsylvania/epidemiology Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/blood/drug therapy/*mortality Prognosis Proportional Hazards Models Prospective Studies Sarcoma, Kaposi/etiology/*mortality/therapy Survival Analysis Survival Rate Time Factors *Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Americas Behavior *Causes Of Death Demographic Factors Developed Countries Diseases Hiv Infections *Homosexuals Mortality North America Northern America Population Population Dynamics Sex Behavior *Time Factors United States Viral Diseases
L. P. K. Jacobson, A. J., Polk, S., Phair, J. P., Besley, D. R., Saah, A. J., Kingsley, L. A., Schrager, L. K. (1993). Changes in survival after acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS): 1984-1991. Am J Epidemiol, 138(11), 952-64.
Journal Article
Clinical factors associated with weight loss related to infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
Am J Epidemiol
1993
15-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8096357
The relation between a number of potential risk factors and change in body mass index per semester was examined in a community-based cohort of 1,809 homosexual and bisexual men seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). The men were followed semiannually for up to 6.5 years between 1984 and 1990. A total of 9,735 person-semesters of observations were available for analysis. A Markov-type autoregressive model, adjusting for previous body mass index, was used to predict the change in body mass index over each person-semester. Overall, the cohort was gaining weight. An asymptomatic participant 1.8 m in height whose CD4+ cell count was > 750/microliters gained a mean of 0.5 kg each person-semester. In bivariate autoregressive models, diarrhea, fever, oral thrush, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and CD4+ lymphocyte counts of < 100 and 100-199 cells/microliters were all associated with a significant decrease in body mass index. A significant inverse association
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116692
8096357
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications/physiopathology Adult Body Mass Index CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes Cohort Studies Diarrhea/complications/physiopathology Fever/complications/physiopathology HIV Seropositivity/complications/immunology/*physiopathology HIV-1/*immunology Humans Leukocyte Count Linear Models Lymphatic Diseases/complications/physiopathology Male Multivariate Analysis Prospective Studies Risk Factors Weight Loss/immunology/*physiology
N. M. M. Graham, A., Bacellar, H., Kingsley, L. A., Visscher, B. R., Phair, J. P. (1993). Clinical factors associated with weight loss related to infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Am J Epidemiol, 137(4), 439-46.
Journal Article
Racial and ethnic differences in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) seroprevalence among homosexual and bisexual men. The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
Am J Epidemiol
1993
15-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8213747
To determine whether the excess prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in US black and Hispanic homosexual men relative to white men can be explained by differences in sociodemographic factors, history of sexually transmitted diseases, or sexual and drug-use behaviors, the authors conducted a cross-sectional analysis of baseline HIV-1 seroprevalence and HIV-1 risk factors among 4,475 non-Hispanic white, 234 Hispanic white, and 194 black homosexual men from four centers in the United States (Baltimore/Washington, DC, Pittsburgh, Chicago, and Los Angeles). HIV-1 seroprevalence was significantly higher in Hispanic men (50%; odds ratio (OR) = 1.83, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.41-2.39) and black men (47%; OR = 1.62, 95% CI 1.21-2.16) compared with white men (35%). Both Hispanic and black men more frequently reported a history of sexually transmitted diseases. Overall, Hispanics had the highest risk profile and blacks the lowest risk profile with respect to ce
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116874
8213747
African Americans *Bisexuality HIV Seropositivity/*ethnology *HIV Seroprevalence *hiv-1 Hispanic Americans *Homosexuality Humans Logistic Models Male Multivariate Analysis Risk Factors United States/epidemiology
P. J. C. Easterbrook, J. S., Hoover, D. R., Saah, A. J., Kaslow, R. A., Kingsley, L. A., Detels, R. (1993). Racial and ethnic differences in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) seroprevalence among homosexual and bisexual men. The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Am J Epidemiol, 138(6), 415-29.
Journal Article
Changes in HIV rates and sexual behavior among homosexual men, 1984 to 1988/92
Am J Public Health
1993
Apr-93
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8460739
Data were collected from 1614 homosexual and bisexual men in 1984 through 1985 and from 1988 to 1992 in Pittsburgh. Of the men entering the study since 1988, 16% reported engaging in unprotected anal receptive intercourse with more than one partner during the 6 months before their visit. Approximately 7% of the younger men and 18% of the men over 22 years of age in the recent cohort were already infected with the human immunodeficiency virus, the same rates as those described 8 years ago. Aggressive risk-reduction programs are needed in high schools and existing networks in the gay community
10.2105/ajph.83.4.578
8460739
PMC1694486
Adolescence Adult Age Factors Alcohol Drinking bisexual men Bisexuality cohort Comorbidity complications Condoms Disease Employment epidemiology Follow-Up Studies Hiv HIV Infections Hiv-1 homosexual homosexual men Homosexuality Human human immunodeficiency virus immunodeficiency infectious diseases Male microbiology Pennsylvania prevention & control psychology Questionnaires Racial Stocks Sex Behavior sexual sexual behavior Sexually Transmitted Diseases statistics & numerical data study Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. United States Urban Population utilization virus
A. J. K. Silvestre, L.A., Wehman, P., Dappen, R., Ho, M., Rinaldo, C.R. (1993). Changes in HIV rates and sexual behavior among homosexual men, 1984 to 1988/92. Am J Public Health, 83(4), 578-580. PMC1694486
Journal Article
A comparison of risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus infections in homosexual men
Ann Epidemiol
1993
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8275222
We analyzed cross-sectional data from 1062 homosexual men recruited in Baltimore during 1984, to directly compare risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV). Using polychotomous logistic regression, risk factor odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals were determined for men with HIV alone, men with HBV alone, and men with both HIV and HBV, compared to seronegative men, and paired comparisons among these subgroups. Factors associated with the serologic prevalence of HIV alone and HBV alone (with respective ORs) included and receptive intercourse (HIV OR = 1.23; HBV OR = 1.12), history of gonorrhea (HIV OR = 4.58; HBV OR = 2.52), and rectal douching (HIV OR = 1.41; HBV OR = 1.20). Additional factors associated with HBV alone were years of homosexual activity (OR = 1.65), sexual activity with a person who developed acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (OR = 1.98), and lifetime number of male sex partners (OR = 1.25). HIV and HBV coprevalenc
10.1016/1047-2797(93)90073-d
8275222
Adult *HIV Seropositivity/epidemiology Hepatitis B/epidemiology/*etiology *Homosexuality Humans Incidence Male Multivariate Analysis Odds Ratio Risk Factors Seroepidemiologic Studies
D. E. S. Koziol, A. J., Odaka, N., Munoz, A. (1993). A comparison of risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus infections in homosexual men. Ann Epidemiol, 3(4), 434-41.
Journal Article
Estimating prognosis in HIV-1 infection
Ann Intern Med
1993
1-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8096375
10.7326/0003-4819-118-9-199305010-00015
8096375
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes HIV Infections/*immunology *hiv-1 Humans Leukocyte Count Prognosis
J. P. Phair (1993). Estimating prognosis in HIV-1 infection. Ann Intern Med, 118(9), 742-4.
Journal Article
Characterization of T lymphocyte subset alterations by flow cytometry in HIV disease
Ann N Y Acad Sci
1993
20-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8494202
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb38771.x
8494202
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/blood/*immunology Adult Antigens, CD/*analysis CD3 Complex/analysis CD4 Antigens/analysis CD8 Antigens/analysis Child Flow Cytometry/methods HIV Infections/blood/*immunology Humans Immunophenotyping/methods Prognosis T-Lymphocyte Subsets/*immunology
J. V. Giorgi (1993). Characterization of T lymphocyte subset alterations by flow cytometry in HIV disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 677(), 126-37.
Journal Article
Influence of HIV-1 infection and cigarette smoking on leukocyte profile in homosexual men
Ann N Y Acad Sci
1993
20-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8494235
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb38809.x
8494235
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*blood/immunology Antigens, CD/analysis CD4 Antigens/analysis Cohort Studies HIV Seropositivity/blood/immunology *hiv-1 *Homosexuality Humans Leukocyte Count Leukocytes/immunology/*physiology Longitudinal Studies Male Smoking/*blood/immunology T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology Time Factors
L. P. M. Park, J. B., Giorgi, J. V., Ferbas, J., Bauer, K., Kaslow, R., Munoz, A. (1993). Influence of HIV-1 infection and cigarette smoking on leukocyte profile in homosexual men. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 677(), 433-6.
Journal Article
Cerebral white matter changes in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome dementia: alterations of the blood-brain barrier
Ann Neurol
1993
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7689819
The cause of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) dementia, which is a frequent late manifestation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, is unknown but radiological and pathological studies have implicated alterations in subcortical white matter. To investigate the pathological basis of these white matter abnormalities, we performed an immunocytochemical and histological analysis of subcortical white matter from AIDS patients with and without dementia, from pre-AIDS patients (asymptomatic HIV-seropositive patients), and from HIV-seronegative control subjects. Reduced intensity of Luxol fast blue staining, designated "diffuse myelin pallor," was detected in 8 of 15 AIDS dementia patients, 3 of 13 AIDS nondemented patients, and none of the pre-AIDS patients (n = 2) or control subjects (n = 9). In contrast to Luxol fast blue staining, sections stained immunocytochemically for myelin proteins did not show decreased staining intensities in regions of diffuse myelin pallor. I
10.1002/ana.410340307
7689819
AIDS Dementia Complex/*pathology/*physiopathology Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*pathology Adult Autopsy *Blood-Brain Barrier Brain/*blood supply/*pathology Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/analysis HIV Infections/*pathology/physiopathology HIV Seropositivity/pathology HLA-DR Antigens/analysis Humans Immunohistochemistry Magnetic Resonance Imaging Middle Aged Myelin Basic Protein/analysis
C. K. Power, P. A., Crawford, T. O., Wesselingh, S., Glass, J. D., McArthur, J. C., Trapp, B. D. (1993). Cerebral white matter changes in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome dementia: alterations of the blood-brain barrier. Ann Neurol, 34(3), 339-50.
Journal Article
Intracerebral cytokine messenger RNA expression in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome dementia
Ann Neurol
1993
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8498837
The pathogenesis of the dementia associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is unclear, but has been postulated to be due to indirect effects of HIV infection including the local production of cytokines. To determine which cytokines are produced in the nervous system and to identify any correlations with dementia, cytokine and HIV messenger RNA expression was analyzed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in the brains from 24 HIV-infected patients with and without dementia and 9 HIV-uninfected control subjects. Levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha messenger RNA were significantly higher and levels of interleukin (IL)-4 messenger RNA were significantly lower in demented compared to nondemented HIV-infected patients. Demented patients also had lower IL-1 beta levels than did nondemented patients. No significant differences were detected in the amounts of leukemia inhibitory factor, IL-6, transforming growth factor-beta 1 and -beta 2, monokine induced by g
10.1002/ana.410330604
8498837
AIDS Dementia Complex/immunology/*metabolism Adult Base Sequence Brain/*metabolism CD4 Antigens/analysis Cytokines/*genetics DNA/genetics/isolation & purification Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases/genetics *HIV/genetics/isolation & purification HIV Seropositivity/immunology/*metabolism Humans Molecular Sequence Data Oligodeoxyribonucleotides Organ Specificity Polymerase Chain Reaction RNA, Messenger/*metabolism Reference Values T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
S. L. P. Wesselingh, C., Glass, J. D., Tyor, W. R., McArthur, J. C., Farber, J. M., Griffin, J. W., Griffin, D. E. (1993). Intracerebral cytokine messenger RNA expression in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome dementia. Ann Neurol, 33(6), 576-82.
Journal Article
Who should be screened for HIV infection? A cost-effectiveness analysis
Arch Intern Med
1993
5/10/1993
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8481077
BACKGROUND: The advent of effective prophylactic treatments for asymptomatic persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus has led to interest in widespread screening programs. However, the costs of screening programs and therapy are high, and the prevalence of infection above which screening becomes an appropriate use of scarce health care dollars remains undetermined. METHODS: To examine the cost- effectiveness of screening in populations with differing prevalences of infection, we developed a Markov model to compare costs and life expectancy for two strategies: (1) screening and prophylactic treatment for infected persons who have or who develop low CD4+ (T4) cell counts, and (2) no screening. Based on studies in the literature, we estimated the prevalence of HIV infection, the rate of T4-cell loss, the rates of developing the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and Pneumocystis pneumonia stratified by T4 cell counts, the life expectancy with the acquired immunodeficiency syndro
8481077
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Adult AIDS Serodiagnosis analysis CD4+ Cell Count clinical Cost-Benefit Analysis diagnosis Diagnostic Tests,Routine economics epidemiology Female Health Care Costs Hiv HIV infection HIV Infections HIV Seroprevalence Human human immunodeficiency virus immunodeficiency infection Male Mass Screening methods model Models,Statistical pneumonia population Prevalence Risk Risk Factors Sensitivity and Specificity standards study Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. therapies therapy United States Value of Life virus Zidovudine
B. D. W. McCarthy, J.B., Muñoz, A., Sonnenberg, F.A. (1993). Who should be screened for HIV infection? A cost-effectiveness analysis. Arch Intern Med, 153(9), 1107-1116.
Journal Article
Comparison of clinical symptoms of human immunodeficiency virus disease between intravenous drug users and homosexual men
Arch Intern Med
1993
8/9/1993
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8101438
BACKGROUND: To compare the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related clinical symptoms among male intravenous drug users and homosexual men stratified by HIV serostatus and CD4 cell levels. METHODS: A cross-sectional sample using concurrent longitudinal studies of the natural history of HIV-1 infection among intravenous drug users (N = 539) and homosexual men (N = 932) was recruited in Baltimore, Md. Participants were administered a risk behavior interview and physical examination, and had hematologic tests evaluated in a similar calendar period. RESULTS: Both risk groups demonstrated an inverse relationship between frequency of symptoms and CD4 cell count. Fever, night sweats, and lymphadenopathy were not evaluated because pilot data suggested a confounding association with drug injection. Among those with mild to moderate immune suppression, intravenous drug users were significantly more likely than homosexual men to experience fatigue, weight loss, diarrhea, and short
8101438
Adult Aged Baltimore behavior blood Candidiasis CD4 CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes Cell Count clinical clinical symptoms Comparative Study complications cross-sectional Cross-Sectional Studies Diagnosis,Differential Diarrhea Disease drug users epidemiology etiology Fatigue Fever Hiv HIV infection HIV Infections Hiv-1 HIV-1 infection homosexual homosexual men Homosexuality Human human immunodeficiency virus immune immune suppression immunodeficiency Immunosuppression infection intravenous intravenous drug users Leukocyte Count longitudinal Longitudinal Studies lymphocyte Lymphocyte Count lymphocyte counts Male methods Middle Age natural history Odds Ratio outcome Physical Examination physiopathology Prevalence Public Health Regression Analysis Risk serostatus Spleen study Substance Abuse,Intravenous Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. United States virus Weight Loss
J. N. Palenicek, K.E., Vlahov, D., Galai, N., Cohn, S., Saah, A.J. (1993). Comparison of clinical symptoms of human immunodeficiency virus disease between intravenous drug users and homosexual men. Arch Intern Med, 153(15), 1806-1812.
Journal Article
Aviation safety and asymptomatic HIV-1 infection
Aviat Space Environ Med
1993
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8280042
8280042
*Aviation HIV Infections/complications/*physiopathology *hiv-1 Humans *Safety
E. N. S. Miller, O. A. (1993). Aviation safety and asymptomatic HIV-1 infection. Aviat Space Environ Med, 64(11), 1059-60.
Journal Article
Asymptomatic HIV-1 infection and aviation safety
Aviat Space Environ Med
1993
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8431194
8431194
AIDS Dementia Complex/*diagnosis *Aerospace Medicine *HIV Seropositivity Humans Neuropsychological Tests Safety Time Factors
O. A. M. Selnes, E. N. (1993). Asymptomatic HIV-1 infection and aviation safety. Aviat Space Environ Med, 64(2), 172-5.
Journal Article
Transformation of sequence data into geometric symbols
Biotechniques
1993
Jun-93
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8333968
To overcome the monotony of identifying specific patterns in a sequence or mutations in their alignment, transformation of sequence data into geometric symbols was previously suggested. I suggest a simple, improved method for accomplishing this transformation using the search and replace function available with word processing programs. This strategy a) enables facile transformation and back-transformation of the preexisting sequence and alignment data, which eliminates the manual entry of sequence, b) can be efficiently applied to amino acid sequences and their alignment data to identify the presence of specific motifs or repeat units and c) allows the use of any ASCII character for a given transformation, thus providing the flexibility to focus on a given unit of the sequence. A WordPerfect macro function has been provided along with the explanation of strategy for use with other programs
8333968
Amino Acid Sequence Base Sequence manual Molecular Sequence Data Mutation pathology Pittsburgh Software Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. United States
B. Shankarappa (1993). Transformation of sequence data into geometric symbols. Biotechniques, 14(6), 990-993.
Journal Article
Relationship between Il-2 Receptor Expression and Proliferative Responses in Lymphocytes from Hiv-1 Seropositive Homosexual Men
Clin Exp Immunol
1993
Jan
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8093435/
Previous studies have shown that exogenous IL-2 does not correct the reduction in phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-induced proliferation of lymphocytes from HIV-1 infected (HIV+) individuals. We investigated the mechanism of this reduction to determine if reduced expression of the complete IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) was responsible. In a series of experiments, PHA-stimulated lymphocytes from a total of 89 HIV - and 93 HIV + homosexual men from the Baltimore Multicentre AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) were studied to determine the expression of messages for the alpha and beta subunits of the IL-2R, the binding of I-125-IL-2 to high affinity IL-2R, and the effect of IL-2 on cell proliferation. Compared to HIV- donors, PHA-stimulated lymphocytes from most HIV+ donors demonstrated (i) a reduction in high affinity IL-2R expression that correlated with the reduction in the IL-2-induced proliferative response; and (ii) a reduction in expression of both IL-2R alpha- and beta-chain mRNA which may be responsible f
10.1111/j.1365-2249.1993.tb03347.x
8093435
PMC1554661
hiv-1 il-2 il-2 receptor lymphocytes phytohemagglutinin acquired immunodeficiency syndrome peripheral-blood lymphocytes immune-deficiency syndrome multicenter aids cohort interleukin-2 receptor t-cells monoclonal-antibodies growth-factor invitro beta
R. K. R. Chopra, N. B. K., Scally, J. P., Donnenberg, A. D., Adler, W. H., Saah, A. J., Margolick, J. B. (1993). Relationship between Il-2 Receptor Expression and Proliferative Responses in Lymphocytes from Hiv-1 Seropositive Homosexual Men. Clin Exp Immunol, 91(1), 18-24. PMC1554661
Journal Article
Lack of role of TGF-b1 in decreased lymphoproliferative response in HIV-1 infection
Clin Immunol Immunopathol
1993
Oct-93
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8403544
We investigated whether reduction of the phytohemagglutinin (PHA)- induced proliferative response of lymphocytes from HIV type-1 (HIV-1)- infected (HIV+) individuals could be explained by overproduction of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1), a strong inhibitor of T cell proliferation. PHA-stimulated PBMC from 40 HIV- and 42 HIV+ homosexual men from the Baltimore Center of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) were studied using Northern blot analysis of expression of TGF-beta 1 mRNA and determining the effects of anti-TGF-beta 1 neutralizing antibody on PHA-induced proliferative responses. Compared to the HIV- donors, HIV+ donors did not show increased expression of TGF-beta 1 mRNA in unstimulated or PHA-stimulated PBMC. Furthermore, a neutralizing antibody to TGF-beta 1 did not reverse the decreased proliferative response of PBMC from HIV+ individuals to PHA or interleukin-2. These results indicate that TGF-beta 1 is not involved in T cell proliferation defects seen in
10.1006/clin.1993.1152
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome AIDS analysis antagonists & inhibitors Antibodies antibody Baltimore Cohort Studies cohort study Comparative Study drug effects Gene Expression genetics Hiv HIV Seropositivity Hiv-1 HIV-1 infection homosexual homosexual men Human immunology infection Interleukin-2 Leukocytes,Mononuclear Lymphocyte Transformation Lymphocytes MACS Male Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study pharmacology physiology physiopathology Phytohemagglutinins RNA,Messenger study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. T-Lymphocytes Transforming Growth Factor beta United States
R. K. R. Chopra, N.B.K., Scally, J.P., Cappuccio, W.R., Nagel, J.E., Saah, A.J., Margolick, J.B. (1993). Lack of role of TGF-b1 in decreased lymphoproliferative response in HIV-1 infection. Clin Immunol Immunopathol, 69(1), 77-82.
Journal Article
Evaluation of a dual-color flow cytometry immunophenotyping panel in a multicenter quality assurance program
Cytometry
1993
1993
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8472607
A basic immunophenotyping panel that employed dual-color combinations of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and phycoerythrin (PE) conjugated monoclonal antibodies (mAb; FITC-CD45/PE-CD14, FITC-IgG1/PE-IgG2, FITC-CD3/PE-CD8, FITC-CD3/PE-CD4, FITC-CD3/PE-CD16 + PE-CD56, and PE-CD19) was utilized in a quality assurance program to determine whether the 4 laboratories participating in a multicenter AIDS study obtained similar lymphocyte subset percentage values for T cells, B cells, NK cells, and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Over a 1 1/2 year period, 78 shared peripheral blood specimens were prepared and analyzed in each laboratory. The CD45bright CD14- percentage for each specimen was used to correct that individual's lymphocyte subset values. Interlaboratory coefficients of variation (CV) for the human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV) seronegative (n = 38) and HIV-seropositive (n = 40) specimens using this panel were < 3% for total T cells; < 5% for CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells; < or = 17%
10.1002/cyto.990140311
8472607
AIDS Serodiagnosis/*methods Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/blood Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology B-Lymphocyte Subsets/*immunology CD4-CD8 Ratio Flow Cytometry/*methods Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate Humans Immunophenotyping/*methods Phycoerythrin Quality Control T-Lymphocyte Subsets/*immunology
E. L. H. Schenker, L. E., Bauer, K. D., Ferbas, J., Margolick, J. B., Giorgi, J. V. (1993). Evaluation of a dual-color flow cytometry immunophenotyping panel in a multicenter quality assurance program. Cytometry, 14(3), 307-17.
Journal Article
CD20 (pan-B cell) antigen is expressed at a low level on a subpopulation of human T lymphocytes
Cytometry
1993
1993
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7679964
Despite the previous description of the leukocyte differentiation antigen CD20 as B cell restricted, the findings reported here indicate that a small subset of human T cells expresses low levels of CD20 or a cross-reacting antigen. Three different CD20 monoclonal antibodies (mAb), Leu16, B1, and 1F5, reacted with the T cell subset. B cells that expressed CD20 were CD20bright and constituted an average of 9.2 +/- 3.3% of adult PBL. Meanwhile, T cells that expressed CD20 were CD20dim and represented 2.4 +/- 1.5% of the PBL. This population may have been overlooked in previous studies due to the low level of CD20 expression per T cell and the small size of the subset in most individuals. Blocking studies indicated that CD20 mAb binding to CD3+ cells was due to the antigen-reactive regions of the CD20 antibodies and was not a result of Fc receptor binding, or non-specific fluorochrome or protein binding. The T cell nature of the CD20dim CD3+ cells was confirmed by the rapid rise in the int
10.1002/cyto.990140212
7679964
Antibodies, Monoclonal/*pharmacology Antigens, CD/*analysis Antigens, CD20 Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/*analysis CD3 Complex/immunology Calcium/metabolism Cell Separation Female Flow Cytometry Humans Immunohistochemistry Immunophenotyping Male T-Lymphocyte Subsets/drug effects/*immunology
L. E. H. Hultin, M. A., Hultin, P. M., Giorgi, J. V. (1993). CD20 (pan-B cell) antigen is expressed at a low level on a subpopulation of human T lymphocytes. Cytometry, 14(2), 196-204.
Journal Article
Incubation period of human immunodeficiency virus
Epidemiol Rev
1993
1993
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8174659
10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036122
8174659
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology/*microbiology Cohort Studies *Epidemiologic Methods HIV Infections/epidemiology/*microbiology HIV Seropositivity/epidemiology/*microbiology HIV-1/*physiology Humans Incidence Prevalence Time Factors United States/epidemiology
P. M. Alcabes, A., Vlahov, D., Friedland, G. H. (1993). Incubation period of human immunodeficiency virus. Epidemiol Rev, 15(2), 303-18.
Journal Article
Additive risk versus additive relative risk models
Epidemiology
1993
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8420578
The distinction between additive risk models and additive relative risk models is important when nonadditivity is used as a criterion for interdependence of causal effects (causal interaction). I show here that, in stratified studies, additive relative risk models do not provide the often-assumed correspondence between additivity and absence of causal interaction. Under the causal models of Rothman and others, complete assessment of causal interaction requires that one fit additive risk models; in matched case-control studies, such fitting may require external information.
10.1097/00001648-199301000-00007
8420578
*Causality Coffee/adverse effects *Epidemiologic Methods Female Humans Male Middle Aged *Models, Statistical Myocardial Infarction/epidemiology/etiology *Risk Smoking/adverse effects
S. Greenland (1993). Additive risk versus additive relative risk models. Epidemiology, 4(1), 32-6.
Journal Article
Factors associated with participation in HIV antibody screening and results disclosure
Health Soc Work
1993
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8288148
The Centers for Disease Control reported in October 1991 that many people at risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection had not been tested for antibodies to HIV. This study identifies differences among 110 gay and bisexual men in three small cities in Pennsylvania who decided whether to be tested for antibodies to HIV and, if so, whether to return for results. These men were given self-administered questionnaires and were offered free and confidential HIV antibody tests. Fifty percent of the men refused testing. Of those tested, only 35 percent returned to obtain test results. Contrary to other health prevention data, education was significantly and inversely related to being tested and to returning for results. Men who most often participated in the institutionalized gay community were least likely to be tested. The findings suggest that gay men who are most aware of the potential psychosocial problems associated with HIV antibody testing are more likely to avoid testing.
10.1093/hsw/18.4.248
8288148
Adolescent Adult Bisexuality/*psychology Cross-Sectional Studies *Decision Making Educational Status HIV Infections/*blood/epidemiology *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice Homosexuality/*psychology Humans Logistic Models Male Mass Screening/psychology Middle Aged *Patient Acceptance of Health Care Patient Education as Topic Risk Factors *Truth Disclosure Urban Population
A. J. K. Silvestre, L. A., Rinaldo, C., Jr., Witt, R. C., Lyter, D. W., Valdiserri, R. (1993). Factors associated with participation in HIV antibody screening and results disclosure. Health Soc Work, 18(4), 248-58.
Journal Article
Cell-mediated immunity and immunosuppression in herpes simplex virus infection
Immunodeficiency
1993
1993
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8167747
Innate and adaptive forms of cellular immunity have important, interactive roles in host resistance to herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. Hence, suppression of non-HSV specific and anti-HSV specific cellular immune responses can predispose the host to severe HSV infection. Studies using depletion and adoptive transfer of selected subpopulations of NK cells, macrophages, and CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes indicate that each of these is of significance in protection against infection with HSV. Further evidence suggests that cytokines such as interferons alpha and gamma, interleukin 2 and leukocyte migration inhibition factor also have central roles in these cell functions during HSV infection. Of importance is that HSV itself can result in transient suppression of several innate and adaptive cellular immune responses during acute episodes of infection in normal adults. Mechanisms by which HSV may mediate this immune dysfunction include enhanced activity of suppressor T cells and soluble
8167747
Animals Cytokines/immunology Herpes Simplex/*immunology Humans Hypersensitivity, Delayed/immunology Immunity, Cellular/immunology *Immunosuppression Killer Cells, Natural/immunology T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology
C. R. Rinaldo, Jr., Torpey, D. J., 3rd (1993). Cell-mediated immunity and immunosuppression in herpes simplex virus infection. Immunodeficiency, 5(1), 33-90.
Journal Article
Long-term administration of 13-cis retinoic acid in common variable immunodeficiency: circulating interleukin-6 levels, B-cell surface molecule display, and in vitro and in vivo B-cell antibody production
Immunology
1993
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8288320
We have previously shown that retinoids can induce differentiation of B cells in vitro as well as in vivo in patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVI). While changes were observed over 1 week when retinoic acid (RA) was added to CVI hybridoma cells in vitro, maturation of the patients' B-cell compartment in vivo occurred only after 4 months of drug administration. We have now performed a 64-week open trial of oral 13-cis RA in five patients to see if prolonged treatment would result in continued improvement in their humoral immune compartment. In this trial, drug was given for 32 weeks followed by a 32-week wash-out period. During the treatment, the patients showed changes in a variety of parameters indicating an alteration towards normal of their humoral immune systems. This change included a fall in the elevated circulating interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, a more normal display of B-cell surface markers (L-selectin and CD20), a decrease in B-cell size, and improved in vitro an
8288320
PMC1422223
Adolescent Adult Antigens, Surface/analysis B-Lymphocytes/*drug effects/immunology Base Sequence Cell Differentiation/drug effects Common Variable Immunodeficiency/*drug therapy/immunology Drug Administration Schedule Female Gene Expression/immunology Genes, Immunoglobulin/immunology Humans Immunization Immunoglobulin G/biosynthesis Immunoglobulin M/biosynthesis Immunoglobulins/blood Interleukin-6/*blood Isotretinoin/*therapeutic use Male Middle Aged Molecular Sequence Data Oligonucleotides/chemistry
A. K. Saxon, B., Braun, J., Dotson, A., Sidell, N. (1993). Long-term administration of 13-cis retinoic acid in common variable immunodeficiency: circulating interleukin-6 levels, B-cell surface molecule display, and in vitro and in vivo B-cell antibody production. Immunology, 80(3), 477-87. PMC1422223
Journal Article
The relationship between T-cell levels and CMV infection in asymptomatic HIV-1 antibody-positive homosexual men
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
1993
Apr-93
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8095984
To investigate the relationship between cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and progression of HIV-1 disease, a group of 234 asymptomatic, HIV-1 antibody-positive homosexual men were examined for CMV isolation and levels of CMV IgM antibodies, CMV IgG antibodies, and CD4+ and CD8+ T- lymphocytes. CMV IgG antibodies were present in 100% and CMV IgM antibodies in 22% of the men. CMV was isolated from the semen of 45% of the men. No relationship was observed between CMV IgM antibodies and CMV in semen or CD4+ levels. CD4+ cell levels were significantly lower in those from whose semen CMV was isolated. In addition, an inverse relationship was observed between the concentration of CMV in semen and CD4+ levels. We postulate that the seminal tract may be a reservoir for systemic CMV infection in HIV-infected homosexual men. Reinfection from this or other sources may result in recurrent stimulation of HIV-1 replication and lead to a further decline in CD4+ cells. Clarification of whether persisten
8095984
Adolescence Adult AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections analysis Antibodies Antibodies,Viral antibody CD4+ Cd4-Cd8 Ratio CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes CD8+ CMV complications Cytomegalovirus Cytomegalovirus Infections Disease follow-up Follow-Up Studies Hiv HIV Antibodies HIV Infections HIV Seropositivity Hiv-1 homosexual homosexual men Homosexuality Human Igg Igm immunodeficiency immunoglobulin Immunoglobulin M immunology infection Leukocyte Count lymphocyte Lymphocytes Male Middle Age progression Semen study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. t cell t lymphocytes United States
C. T. C. Leach, J.D., English, P.A., Hennessey, K., Giorgi, J.V., Visscher, B.R., Dudley, J.P., Detels, R. (1993). The relationship between T-cell levels and CMV infection in asymptomatic HIV-1 antibody-positive homosexual men. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 6(4), 407-413.
Journal Article
Would confirmatory retesting of CD4+ cells to verify AIDS status be too expensive?
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
1993
May-93
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8097791
8097791
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome AIDS CD4+ CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes Costs and Cost Analysis diagnosis Human letter Leukocyte Count United States
D. R. Hoover (1993). Would confirmatory retesting of CD4+ cells to verify AIDS status be too expensive?. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 6(5), 537-539.
Journal Article
Low education as a possible risk factor for cognitive abnormalities in HIV-1: findings from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS)
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
1993
May-93
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8483113
The present study reports new and unexpected results of cognitive abnormalities among human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) asymptomatic subjects in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. The major purpose of our analyses is to estimate the separate and combined effects of serostatus and education level on the prevalence of cognitive abnormality. Cognitive 'abnormality' was defined as performance that deviated > or = 2 SDs below the mean of the total seronegative group on at least one of the five neuropsychological screening tests (Grooved Pegboard, Verbal Fluency, Digit Span, Symbol Digit Modalities, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning). The predicted prevalence of cognitive abnormality was 38% in seropositive individuals with no more than 12 years of education, compared with < 17% in the other education-serostatus groups. This interaction between education level and serostatus remained after controlling for the possible confounding effects of age, ethnicity, CD4 level, depression, prior d
8483113
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Adult AIDS AIDS Dementia Complex CD4 Cognition cohort Cohort Studies cohort study complications Depression Education Educational Status etiology HIV Seropositivity Hiv-1 HIV-1 infection Human human immunodeficiency virus immunodeficiency infection MACS Male Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Multicenter Studies physiopathology Prevalence Racial Stocks Risk Risk Factors seropositive serostatus study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. United States virus
P. M. Satz, H., Miller, E.N., Selnes, O.A., McArthur, J.C., Cohen, B.A., Wesch, J., Becker, J.T., Jacobson, L., D'Elia, L.F., Van Gorp, W., Visscher, B. (1993). Low education as a possible risk factor for cognitive abnormalities in HIV-1: findings from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 6(5), 503-511.
Journal Article
Recommendations for prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia for persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
1993
Jan-93
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8417174
8417174
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections Clinical Trials complications health HIV Infections Human human immunodeficiency virus immunodeficiency infection Pentamidine pneumocystis carinii pneumocystis carinii pneumonia pneumonia Pneumonia,Pneumocystis carinii prevention & control prophylaxis Public Health review therapeutic use Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Combination United States virus
U. S. P. H. S. T. F. o. A. P. i. P. w. H. I. V. Infection (1993). Recommendations for prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia for persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus.. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 6(1), 46-55.
Journal Article
Cd4+ Lymphocyte-Response to Zidovudine as a Predictor of Aids-Free Time and Survival-Time
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
1993
Nov
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7901384/
It is unknown whether the early rise in CD4+ lymphocyte count seen in zidovudine-treated patients is associated with increased AIDS-free time and survival time. To determine the association of this and other changes in immunologic and hematologic markers with prognosis for time to AIDS and survival, we followed 747 AIDS-free patients from initiation of zidovudine therapy in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Participants were seen semiannually and had data collected on medication use, immunologic and hematologic variables, and clinical outcomes. AIDS was diagnosed in 216 participants and 165 died during the median follow-up period of 2.0 years. Duration of zidovudine use was categorized into 1-6 months (after 6 months of follow-up) and 7-12 months (12 months of follow-up). During the 6-month follow-up period in which zidovudine was first used, CD4+ lymphocyte levels rose by 17 cells/mul compared with a mean decrease of 30 cells/mul/6 months in untreated individuals (after adjust
7901384
cd4-positive lymphocytes zidovudine hiv survival acquired-immunodeficiency-syndrome placebo-controlled trial virus type-1 dose zidovudine homosexual men hiv infection double-blind cohort markers efficacy
N. M. H. P. Graham, S., Park, L. P., Phair, J. P., Rinaldo, C. R., Fahey, J. L. (1993). Cd4+ Lymphocyte-Response to Zidovudine as a Predictor of Aids-Free Time and Survival-Time. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , 6(11), 1258-1266.
Journal Article
Signs and symptoms of "asymptomatic" HIV-1 infection in homosexual men. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1988)
1993
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8417176
We investigated the long-term health effects of HIV-1 infection in homosexual men not close to developing AIDS by comparing 916 HIV-1-seropositive (SP) men at least 1.67-3.67 years prior to a clinical AIDS diagnosis to 2,161 HIV-1-seronegative (SN) controls. The SP group reported a higher total of 12 distinct symptoms (fatigue, shortness of breath, night sweats, rash, cough, diarrhea, headache, thrush, skin discoloration, fever, weight loss, and sore throat/mouth) than did the SN group (p < 0.0001), corresponding to at least 5.6 more days/year of such symptoms. The SP group had lower body mass index (p < 0.0001) and lower hemoglobin (p < 0.0001). The SP group was more depressed, as measured by CES-D score (p = 0.047), before knowledge of one's serostatus was likely, and became even further depressed (p = 0.038 for increase in depression) after the HIV-1 serostatus test was accessible to high-risk groups. These associations remained unchanged in multivariate models, incorporating other
8417176
Analysis of Variance Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic HIV Seropositivity/*physiopathology/*psychology *hiv-1 Homosexuality Humans Male Sexual Behavior
D. R. S. Hoover, A. J., Bacellar, H., Murphy, R., Visscher, B., Anderson, R., Kaslow, R. A. (1993). Signs and symptoms of "asymptomatic" HIV-1 infection in homosexual men. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1988), 6(1), 66-71.
Journal Article
Changes in T and non-T lymphocyte subsets following seroconversion to HIV-1: stable CD3+ and declining CD3- populations suggest regulatory responses linked to loss of CD4 lymphocytes. The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1988)
1993
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8094458
We investigated changes in lymphocyte subsets (total, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, as well as non-T cells) associated with human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) seroconversion in 321 homosexual or bisexual men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). These subjects had serial lymphocyte characterizations for up to 4 years before and 5 years after seroconversion. CD4+ lymphocyte levels declined rapidly in the first 18 months following seroconversion and less rapidly thereafter, while CD8 lymphocytes increased with similar kinetics. In contrast, total T (CD3+) lymphocytes declined only slightly in the first 18 months following seroconversion, and then remained stable. These results support the hypothesis of physiologic regulation of the total number of circulating T cells, such that lost CD4+ lymphocytes are replaced by newly generated CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes; over time, continued loss of CD4+ lymphocytes due to HIV-1 infection would result in net replacement of lost CD4+ lymphocyt
8094458
CD3 Complex/biosynthesis CD4 Antigens/biosynthesis CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology Cohort Studies HIV Seropositivity/*immunology HIV-1/*immunology Humans Immunophenotyping Leukocyte Count Longitudinal Studies *Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology Male Regression Analysis Time Factors
J. B. D. Margolick, A. D., Munoz, A., Park, L. P., Bauer, K. D., Giorgi, J. V., Ferbas, J., Saah, A. J. (1993). Changes in T and non-T lymphocyte subsets following seroconversion to HIV-1: stable CD3+ and declining CD3- populations suggest regulatory responses linked to loss of CD4 lymphocytes. The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1988), 6(2), 153-61.
Journal Article
Elevated levels of CD38+ CD8+ T cells in HIV infection add to the prognostic value of low CD4+ T cell levels: results of 6 years of follow-up. The Los Angeles Center, Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1988)
1993
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7686224
A cohort of 98 HIV-infected initially AIDS-free homosexual men from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) was followed for 6 years to investigate whether CD8+ cell subsets have prognostic value for progression to AIDS. In the present study, four subsets of CD8+ T cells that previously have been shown to be selectively elevated in HIV-infected asymptomatic persons, specifically the CD8+ T cell subsets that were CD38+, HLA-DR+, CD57+ and L-selectin negative (Leu8-), were measured. Forty-nine of the 98 developed AIDS. Prognostic value of these CD8+ cell subsets was evaluated using the proportional hazards model. Levels of both CD38+ CD8+ and Leu8- CD8+ cells individually had prognostic value for progression to AIDS. In contrast, CD57+ CD8+ and HLA-DR+ CD8+ cell subsets levels did not have prognostic value. After adjustment for level of CD4+ T cells, however, only the elevation in the CD38+ CD8+ cell subset had additional prognostic value. These results suggest that the level of CD38+ C
7686224
ADP-ribosyl Cyclase ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1 Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*etiology/immunology Antigens, CD/analysis Antigens, Differentiation/*analysis Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/analysis CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology CD57 Antigens CD8 Antigens/*analysis Cell Adhesion Molecules/analysis Cohort Studies Follow-Up Studies HIV Infections/*immunology HLA-DR Antigens/analysis Humans L-Selectin Leukocyte Count Male Membrane Glycoproteins Multicenter Studies as Topic Prognosis Proportional Hazards Models T-Lymphocyte Subsets/*immunology
J. V. L. Giorgi, Z., Hultin, L. E., Cumberland, W. G., Hennessey, K., Detels, R. (1993). Elevated levels of CD38+ CD8+ T cells in HIV infection add to the prognostic value of low CD4+ T cell levels: results of 6 years of follow-up. The Los Angeles Center, Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1988), 6(8), 904-12.
Journal Article
Prevalence of Toxoplasma Infection in a Cohort of Homosexual Men at Risk of Aids and Toxoplasmic Encephalitis
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol
1993
Apr
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8455146/
The purpose of this study was to characterize the epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory parameters of a cohort of men at risk of AIDS-associated toxoplasmic encephalitis. One hundred seventeen (11%) of the 1,073 participants at the time of enrollment into the Chicago Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) were seropositive for Toxoplasma antibodies. Significant differences in prevalence of antibodies between African-American, Hispanic, or white men were not observed (p = 0.49). One hundred one (86%) of the 117 antibody-positive participants had at least one follow-up serology performed and 6 (6%) of the 101 had a significant rise in IgG antibody titer on subsequent visits. Five of six participants with a significant rise in titer were also seropositive for HIV-1 at entry or seroconverted during the study. A trend toward higher IgG Toxoplasma titers and prevalence of IgM antibodies in participants seropositive for HIV-1 was observed, but the differences did not reach statistical signifi
8455146
toxoplasma-gondii toxoplasmosis encephalitis homosexual men race acquired toxoplasmosis diagnosis antibodies serology gondii
D. M. C. Israelski, J. S., Poggensee, L., Phair, J. P., Remington, J. S. (1993). Prevalence of Toxoplasma Infection in a Cohort of Homosexual Men at Risk of Aids and Toxoplasmic Encephalitis. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol, 6(4), 414-418.
Journal Article
Using Events from Dropouts in Nonparametric Survival Function Estimation with Application to Incubation of AIDS
J Am Stat Assoc
1993
Mar
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01621459.1993.10594286
Often postdropout responses (PDR) in study dropouts are identified from death/disease registries or other medical records. If all dropout is random, then use of postdropout responses while censoring other subjects at date of dropout (CDO/PDR) will bias non-parametric survival probability estimates downward. Censoring all individuals at the last date of study contact, ignoring postdropout information (CDO) will produce unbiased nonparametric survival estimates. As onset of the response sometimes incapacitates the individual, preventing further study participation, dropout is often positively correlated with response. In this case CDO/PDR tends to prevent nonparametric survival overestimation but could lead to underestimation. When all of the responses in dropouts are identified, then regardless of dropout cause, use of all postdropout information, together with censoring all other subjects at time of analysis (CTA/PDR) will produce unbiased minimum variance estimates. We analyze the bia
10.2307/2290689
censoring method dropout interval censoring nonparametric survival analysis postdropout response truncation consistency
D. R. M. Hoover, A., Carey, V., Taylor, J. M. G., Vanraden, M. (1993). Using Events from Dropouts in Nonparametric Survival Function Estimation with Application to Incubation of AIDS. J Am Stat Assoc, 88(421), 37-43.
Journal Article
Perceived control and psychological adjustment in gay men with AIDS
J Appl Soc Psychol
1993
1993
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01007.x
The relationship of control beliefs to psychological adjustment was investigated in a sample of 24 gay men diagnosed with AIDS, participants in the UCLA site of the MACS. Distinctions between generalized contingency beliefs were included in the questionnaire and interview measures administered. The results support these distinctions and indicate that beliefs in personal control over day-to-day symptoms and over course of illness were positively related to adjustment, whereas beliefs in control by other over course of illness and over medical care and treatment were negatively related to adjustment. These relationships appeared to be strongest for men who reported poorer health. These associations were not accounted for by locus of control beliefs, negative affectivity, or time since diagnosis with AIDS.
10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01007.x
AIDS beliefs control diagnosis gay men health illness interview MACS medical care personal psychological questionnaire support symptoms treatment
G. M. T. Reed, S.E., Kemeny, M.E. (1993). Perceived control and psychological adjustment in gay men with AIDS. J Appl Soc Psychol, 23(10), 791-824.
Journal Article
Circulating HIV-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T cells express CD38 and HLA-DR antigens
J Immunol
1993
1-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8454874
CD38, a molecule with multilineage distribution but unknown function, and the MHC class II molecule HLA-DR (DR) have markedly elevated levels of expression on CD8+ cells of HIV-infected people. This study investigated the expression of CD38 and DR Ag on circulating HIV-specific CD8+ CTL in HIV-seropositive subjects. Purified CD8+ lymphocytes from 22 participants in the University of California at Los Angeles Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study were screened for CTL activity against autologous EBV-immortalized lymphoblast targets infected with vaccinia vectors that carried HIVIIIB gag, pol, and env genes. Sixty-seven percent (14 of 21), 64% (14 of 22), and 9% (2 of 22), respectively, of the subjects had HIV-specific CD8+ CTL activity against gag, pol, and env proteins. CD8+ cells from 11 of the subjects who had high CTL activity were then FACS-separated using three-color immunofluorescence sorting. Circulating DR-CD38- CD8+ cells had little activity. Highly purified DR+CD38+ CD8+ cells had hi
8454874
ADP-ribosyl Cyclase ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1 *Antigens, CD Antigens, Differentiation/*blood/immunology Binding Sites, Antibody Binding, Competitive/immunology CD8 Antigens/*blood Cytotoxicity, Immunologic Gene Products, env/immunology Gene Products, gag/immunology Gene Products, pol/immunology HIV/*immunology HIV Infections/immunology HLA-DR Antigens/*blood/immunology Humans Immunophenotyping Male Membrane Glycoproteins T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*immunology
H. N. H. Ho, L. E., Mitsuyasu, R. T., Matud, J. L., Hausner, M. A., Bockstoce, D., Chou, C. C., O'Rourke, S., Taylor, J. M., Giorgi, J. V. (1993). Circulating HIV-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T cells express CD38 and HLA-DR antigens. J Immunol, 150(7), 3070-9.
Journal Article
Elevated IFN-g and decreased IL-2 gene expression are associated with HIV infection
J Immunol
1993
11/1/1993
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8409454
Because cytokines have a central role in the regulation and function of the human immune system, expression of several key cytokine genes in HIV infection was compared by quantitative polymerase chain reaction studies in lymphocytes from HIV-seronegative and -seropositive subjects. Elevated levels of IFN-gamma mRNA and lowered IL-2 mRNA were found in the PBMC of eight seropositive men with CD4 T cells over 500/mm3 (mean, 647/mm3), whereas IL-4 and IL-10 mRNA were not changed significantly. PBMC obtained 2 yr later from four of these patients with stable disease status (unchanged CD4 T cell number) showed median mRNA levels that were nearer normal for IFN-gamma and for IL-2. Four other men whose CD4 levels fell more than 200/mm3 in the following 2 yr, however, showed increased IFN-gamma and lowered IL-2. Purified CD4 and CD8 T cells from 10 HIV-seropositive and 10 -seronegative homosexual men were compared. Cytokine gene expression was found to be markedly different in CD4 and CD8 T cel
8409454
Adult analysis Antigens,CD4 Antigens,CD8 Base Sequence CD4 control cytokine Cytokines Disease Gene Expression Gene Expression Regulation genetics Hiv HIV infection HIV Infections homosexual homosexual men Human immune Immune System immunology infection Interferon Type II Interleukin-2 Los Angeles Lymphocytes Male metabolism Molecular Sequence Data Polymerase Chain Reaction research RNA,Messenger seropositive study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. t-cells T-Lymphocyte Subsets therapy United States
J. B. Fan, H.Z., Fahey, J.L. (1993). Elevated IFN-g and decreased IL-2 gene expression are associated with HIV infection. J Immunol, 151(9), 5031-5040.
Journal Article
A reproducible method to detect CD8 T cell mediated inhibition of HIV production from naturally infected CD4 cells
J Immunol Methods
1993
4-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8093708
CD8 T lymphocytes are an important component of the host immune response to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). To characterize CD8 cell function, we have studied the in vitro phenomenon of CD8 cell-mediated inhibition of HIV replication from autologous, naturally infected CD4 cells. We describe here a reproducible assay of CD8 T cell-mediated inhibition in HIV-infected individuals. The method involves the use of a commercially available cell separation system and anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody to stimulate CD4 cells to produce HIV. Using this technique, we were able to detect HIV production from the CD4 cells of 25 of 27 HIV-infected individuals who had not progressed to AIDS. Further, in vitro CD8 cell-mediated inhibition of HIV production was noted in all of the 25 subjects whose CD4 cells produced viral p24 antigen. This assay may be useful as an in vitro correlate of protective immunity to HIV, with potential application for assessing disease progression, therapeutic efficacy, and i
10.1016/0022-1759(93)90085-l
8093708
Adult CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*microbiology CD8 Antigens/*physiology Cell Survival Cells, Cultured HIV/*growth & development Humans Male T-Lymphocytes/*physiology
M. A. G. Hausner, J. V., Plaeger-Marshall, S. (1993). A reproducible method to detect CD8 T cell mediated inhibition of HIV production from naturally infected CD4 cells. J Immunol Methods, 157(2-Jan), 181-7.
Journal Article
Quantification of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 tat mRNA as a marker for assessing the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy
J Infect Dis
1993
Jan-93
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8418170
To evaluate the use of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) tat mRNA quantification as a marker for antiretroviral therapy, 10 zidovudine-naive, p24 antibody-positive subjects (Centers for Disease Control classes III and IV) were studied at the start of zidovudine treatment. HIV-1 proviral DNA content and tat mRNA levels were monitored for 20 weeks from the initiation of therapy. Levels of tat mRNA were quantified using an engineered tat cRNA internal control under conditions of linear amplification. Proviral DNA levels increased in 2 patients and decreased in 8 during 20 weeks of therapy. In each case, tat mRNA levels exhibited similar but much more pronounced changes. Results indicate that quantitative measurement of tat mRNA levels is extremely useful for monitoring antiretroviral therapy
10.1093/infdis/167.1.213
8418170
analysis Chicago control Disease Dna Dna,Viral drug therapy Gene Products,tat genetics HIV Infections Hiv-1 Human human immunodeficiency virus immunodeficiency marker measurement Proviruses RNA,Messenger Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. therapeutic use therapy United States virus Zidovudine
M. R. M. Furtado, R., Wolinsky, S.M. (1993). Quantification of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 tat mRNA as a marker for assessing the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy. J Infect Dis, 167(1), 213-216.
Journal Article
Relationship of hepatitis B virus infection to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection
J Infect Dis
1993
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8421164
The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) was designed to study the natural history of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, including the relationship between hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HIV-1 infection. In total, 4954 homosexual men were recruited from April 1984 through March 1985 and have been followed up thereafter every 6 months. Hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B core antibody were tested for at the first visit by RIA or EIA; HIV-1 antibody testing was done at each visit by ELISA and confirmed by Western blot assay. The role of HBV infection in HIV-1 seroconversion was studied by stratification for sexual behavior and disease visit by visit. The adjusted risk ratio was 2.02 for hepatitis B surface antigen carriers and 2.14 for hepatitis-immune cases compared with hepatitis B-susceptible subjects. Similar results were obtained using a logistic regression model. After taking into account changes in sexual behavior and disease over time, the authors conclud
10.1093/infdis/167.2.299
8421164
Blotting, Western Cohort Studies Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Follow-Up Studies Gonorrhea/complications HIV Antibodies/blood HIV Infections/*etiology *hiv-1 Hepatitis B/*complications Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/blood *Homosexuality Humans Male Probability Regression Analysis Risk Factors Syphilis/complications
S. J. D. Twu, R., Nelson, K., Visscher, B. R., Kaslow, R., Palenicek, J., Phair, J. (1993). Relationship of hepatitis B virus infection to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. J Infect Dis, 167(2), 299-304.
Journal Article
Random depletion of T cells that bear specific T cell receptor Vb sequences in AIDS patients
J Leukoc Biol
1993
Nov-93
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8228626
A cross-sectional PCR analysis of the TCR V beta repertoires in HIV-1 seronegative controls and HIV-1 infected individuals with either clinically or immunologically defined AIDS [1] was performed to examine the proposed superantigen model for HIV-1 pathogenesis. In contrast to previous reports, we find neither uniform specific losses nor uniform clonal expansions of particular TCR V beta gene families in subjects with AIDS. Instead our study, which was designed specifically to qualitatively determine the presence or absence of TCR V beta families in both subject populations, indicates an overall diminution in the expression of TCR V beta gene families in HIV-1 infected individuals with AIDS compared with controls. This is commensurate with the decrease in CD4 T cells in the AIDS population. Our data are therefore not directly suggestive of a common superantigen model of HIV-1 induced T cell clonal depletion or anergy, but instead emphasize a broad decrease in signals throughout the TCR
10.1002/jlb.54.5.486
8228626
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome AIDS analysis Antigens,CD4 Autoradiography CD4 chemistry Cohort Studies Comparative Study Dna epidemiology etiology genetics HIV Seronegativity HIV Seropositivity Hiv-1 Human Lymphocyte Depletion pathology Pennsylvania pharmacology Polymerase Chain Reaction Receptors,Antigen,T-Cell,alpha-beta RNA,Messenger study Superantigens Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. T-Lymphocytes ultrastructure United States
D. M. R. Boldt-Houle, C.R., Jr., Ehrlich, G.D. (1993). Random depletion of T cells that bear specific T cell receptor Vb sequences in AIDS patients. J Leukoc Biol, 54(5), 486-491.
Journal Article
Assessment of the antibody response to the immunosuppressive/immunodominant region of HIV gp41 in a 5-year longitudinal study
J Med Virol
1993
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8487036
The antibody response of HIV-infected individuals to the 581-609 amino acid (aa) region of HIV-1 gp41 containing the putative immunosuppressive and immunodominant sequences was examined. Sera collected every 5 to 6 months over a period of 5 years from 50 HIV-1-infected homosexual and bisexual men, 25 of whom progressed to AIDS during the collection period, were monitored for changes in ELISA reactivity against synthetic peptides encompassing aa581-609 of gp41. The data obtained in this blinded, historical prospective study were analyzed with respect to changes in mean ELISA absorbance over time and differences in absorbance between patient groups (those who progressed to AIDS and those who did not). No correlation was found between time or disease state and the presence of antibodies to the aa581-597 immunosuppressive sequence. In contrast, ELISA absorbance against the aa598-609 immunodominant sequence continued to increase over time in both the AIDS and non-AIDS groups. The rate of in
10.1002/jmv.1890390208
8487036
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/blood/*immunology Amino Acid Sequence Antibody Specificity HIV Antibodies/*blood HIV Envelope Protein gp41/*immunology Humans Longitudinal Studies Male Molecular Sequence Data
C. R. H. Monell, D. R., Odaka, N., He, X., Saah, A. J., Strand, M. (1993). Assessment of the antibody response to the immunosuppressive/immunodominant region of HIV gp41 in a 5-year longitudinal study. J Med Virol, 39(2), 125-30.
Journal Article
A longitudinal study of psychological distress in a cohort of gay men. Effects of social support and coping strategies
J Nerv Ment Dis
1993
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8419514
This study presents analyses on questionnaire data collected from a panel of 520 gay men at risk for acquired immune deficiency syndrome, enrolled in the Coping and Change Study (1985-1987). The data were assessed to determine the association of social support and coping styles with subsequent depression and global distress and to investigate whether these predictors of mental health are stable or transient over time. Three different measures of the subjective, qualitative nature of social support were significantly associated with subsequent mental health. Those who reported a subjective sense of isolation experienced significantly more adverse mental health 6 months later at all three measurement periods. Scattered effects were found for perceived social conflict and perceived social support from others. These results indicate that certain types of social support appear to influence mental health in this cohort and, furthermore, that some associations are transient and others more st
10.1097/00005053-199301000-00002
8419514
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/psychology *Adaptation, Psychological Adult Anxiety Disorders/diagnosis/epidemiology Attitude to Health Cohort Studies Depressive Disorder/diagnosis/epidemiology HIV Seropositivity/psychology Homosexuality/*psychology Humans Longitudinal Studies Male Models, Statistical Multicenter Studies as Topic Personality Inventory Risk Factors Social Perception *Social Support Somatoform Disorders/diagnosis/epidemiology Stress, Psychological/*diagnosis/epidemiology/psychology
J. B. J. Lackner, J. G., Ostrow, D. G., Kessler, R. C., Eshleman, S., Wortman, C. B., O'Brien, K., Phair, J. P., Chmiel, J. (1993). A longitudinal study of psychological distress in a cohort of gay men. Effects of social support and coping strategies. J Nerv Ment Dis, 181(1), 12-Apr.
Journal Article
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in AIDS: a clinicopathologic study and review of the literature
J Neurol
1993
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8410079
We reviewed the clinical, radiographic, and pathologic features of 15 patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Brain tissue from 10 autopsy and 6 biopsy specimens was studied using: in situ hybridization (ISH) for JC virus (JCV), immunohistochemistry for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) p24 antigen, and electron microscopy. Thirteen patients presented with focal neurologic deficits, while 2 presented with a rapid decline in mental status. PML was commonly the initial opportunistic infection of AIDS and produced hemiparesis, dementia, dysarthria, cerebellar abnormalities, and seizures. Magnetic resonance imaging was more sensitive than computed tomography in detecting lesions, and often showed multifocal areas of PML. CD4+ T-cell counts were uniformly low (mean 84/mm3), except in 1 patient who improved on 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT). PML involved the cerebral hemispheres, brain stem, cerebellum, and cervica
10.1007/BF00867351
8410079
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*complications Adult Brain/diagnostic imaging/pathology Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Immunohistochemistry In Situ Hybridization Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal/*complications/diagnostic imaging/pathology Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Microscopy, Electron Middle Aged Retrospective Studies Tomography, X-Ray Computed
R. W. F. von Einsiedel, T. D., Aksamit, A. J., Cornford, M. E., Secor, D. L., Tomiyasu, U., Itabashi, H. H., Vinters, H. V. (1993). Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in AIDS: a clinicopathologic study and review of the literature. J Neurol, 240(7), 391-406.
Journal Article
Recreational drugs and sexual behavior in the Chicago MACS/CCS cohort of homosexually active men. Chicago Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS)/Coping and Change Study
J Subst Abuse
1993
1993
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7910500
Since initial reports emerged of an association between recreational drug use and high-risk sexual behaviors in gay men, there has been interest in studying this relationship for its relevance to behavioral interventions. Reported here are the longitudinal patterns of alcohol and recreational drug use in the Chicago Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS)/Coping and Change Study (CCS) of gay men. A pattern of decreasing drug use over 6 years was observed that paralleled a decline in high-risk sexual behavior (i.e., unprotected anal intercourse). In contrast, alcohol consumption tended to be more stable over time, and to show no relationship to sexual behavior change. Men who combined volatile nitrite (popper) use with other recreational drugs were at highest risk both behaviorally and in terms of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV) seroconversion throughout the study. Popper use also was associated independently with lapse from safer sexual behaviors (failure to use a condom during recep
10.1016/0899-3289(93)90001-r
7910500
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/prevention & control/psychology/*transmission Adaptation, Psychological Adult Alcohol Drinking/adverse effects/epidemiology/psychology Amyl Nitrite Chicago/epidemiology Cohort Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Homosexuality/psychology/*statistics & numerical data Humans *Illicit Drugs Longitudinal Studies Male Marijuana Abuse/epidemiology/psychology Prospective Studies *Psychotropic Drugs Risk-Taking *Sexual Behavior/drug effects Substance-Related Disorders/*epidemiology/psychology
D. G. B. Ostrow, E. D., Joseph, J. G., DiFranceisco, W., Wesch, J., Chmiel, J. S. (1993). Recreational drugs and sexual behavior in the Chicago MACS/CCS cohort of homosexually active men. Chicago Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS)/Coping and Change Study. J Subst Abuse, 5(4), 311-25.
Journal Article
Depressive symptoms as predictors of medical outcomes in HIV infection. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
JAMA
1993
12/1/1993
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7901432
OBJECTIVE--To ascertain whether depressive symptoms as determined by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale (CES-D) predict accelerated mortality and worse medical outcomes in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). DESIGN--Eight-year cohort study with semiannual follow-up. SETTING--Community volunteers. PARTICIPANTS--A total of 1809 HIV-seropositive homosexual men without the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who entered the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study in 1984 or 1985. Eight-year follow-up data were available on 75% of eligible participants. OUTCOME MEASURES-- Times to AIDS, death, and prophylactic treatment, and slopes describing the decline in CD4 count for each individual participant. RESULTS-- Using a conventional definition of depression (CES-D > or = 16 at the first study visit), 21.3% of participants were classified as depressed. Depressed participants had lower CD4 counts and reported more AIDS- related symptoms. There were no signif
7901432
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Adult AIDS AIDS-related Baltimore CD4 CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes cohort Cohort Studies cohort study complications death definition Depression follow-up Hiv HIV infection HIV Infections homosexual homosexual men Human human immunodeficiency virus immunodeficiency immunology infection Leukocyte Count Male mortality Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Multicenter Studies outcome physiopathology predictor predictors psychiatry Severity of Illness Index study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. Survival Rate treatment United States virus
C. G. H. Lyketsos, D.R., Guccione, M., Senterfitt, W., Dew, M.A., Wesch, J., VanRaden, M.J., Treisman, G.J., Morgenstern, H., Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (1993). Depressive symptoms as predictors of medical outcomes in HIV infection. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. JAMA, 270(21), 2563-2567.
Journal Article
Pathology of human cytomegalovirus infection
Molecular Aspects of Human Cytomegalovirus Diseases
1993
Cytomegalovirus Disease Human infection pathology
Book Section
Immunogenetics of the human T cell response to HCMV
Multidisciplinary Approach to Understanding Cytomegalovirus Disease
1993
CAMACS Chronic Disease Cytomegalovirus Disease Human Immunity infection latency Morbidity mortality reactivation response t cell t-cells vaccine vaccines Virion virus
Book Section
Clinical manifestations of AIDS in the era of pneumocystis prophylaxis. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
N Engl J Med
1993
23-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7902536
BACKGROUND: Among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), early and widespread use of prophylactic regimens against Pneumocystis carinii is changing the pattern of illnesses related to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). METHODS: We conducted a subcohort analysis of 844 men with AIDS (87 percent of whom have since died) from a prospectively followed cohort of 2592 HIV-1-infected homosexual men. RESULTS: A total of 138 men received prophylaxis before the diagnosis of AIDS, but 39 (28 percent) nevertheless had P. carinii pneumonia at some time. Only four illnesses occurred more frequently in men who received P. carinii prophylaxis before the onset of AIDS: Mycobacterium avium complex disease, which developed in 33.4 percent, as compared with 17.3 percent of the 706 men who did not receive early prophylaxis; wasting syndrome (18.4 percent vs. 6.4 percent); cytomegalovirus disease (44.9 percent vs. 24.8 percent); and esophageal candidiasis (21.3 perce
10.1056/NEJM199312233292604
7902536
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/drug therapy/*prevention & control Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*complications/drug therapy/immunology CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes Candidiasis/etiology Cohort Studies Cytomegalovirus Infections/etiology Dapsone/therapeutic use Esophageal Diseases/etiology *hiv-1 Humans Leukocyte Count Male Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection/etiology Pentamidine/therapeutic use Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/drug therapy/*prevention & control Prospective Studies Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination/therapeutic use Zidovudine/therapeutic use
D. R. S. Hoover, A. J., Bacellar, H., Phair, J., Detels, R., Anderson, R., Kaslow, R. A. (1993). Clinical manifestations of AIDS in the era of pneumocystis prophylaxis. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. N Engl J Med, 329(26), 1922-6.
Journal Article
CD4+ counts in seronegative homosexual men. The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
N Engl J Med
1993
11-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8093639
10.1056/NEJM199302113280615
8093639
*CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes Cohort Studies *HIV Seropositivity *Homosexuality Humans *Leukocyte Count Male
S. H. H. Vermund, D. R., Chen, K. (1993). CD4+ counts in seronegative homosexual men. The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. N Engl J Med, 328(6), 442.
Journal Article
Neurologic prognosis of cytomegalovirus polyradiculomyelopathy in AIDS
Neurology
1993
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8383823
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) polyradiculomyelopathy is an uncommon but distinctive clinical syndrome in HIV-infected patients in which ascending motor weakness, areflexia, loss of sphincter control, paresthesias, and varying sensory impairment develop subacutely in association with a polymorphonuclear pleocytosis, increased protein, and hypoglycorrhachia in CSF. Responses to treatment with ganciclovir have varied in reported cases. We report three additional cases: two of these patients responded to treatment and the third was demonstrated to have CMV resistant to ganciclovir. We review other reported cases and identify factors predictive of ganciclovir resistance, which include persistent polymorphonuclear pleocytosis and hypoglycorrhachia on serial CSF studies, and positive CMV cultures from CSF or blood after induction therapy. We conclude that ganciclovir may be an effective therapy for CMV polyradiculomyelopathy, but the presence of these factors, or the development of the syndrome in a
10.1212/wnl.43.3_part_1.493
8383823
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/cerebrospinal fluid/*complications/drug therapy Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/cerebrospinal fluid/*complications/drug therapy Adult Cytomegalovirus Infections/cerebrospinal fluid/*complications/drug therapy Ganciclovir/therapeutic use Humans Male Middle Aged Prognosis Spinal Cord Diseases/cerebrospinal fluid/*complications/drug therapy *Spinal Nerve Roots
B. A. M. Cohen, J. C., Grohman, S., Patterson, B., Glass, J. D. (1993). Neurologic prognosis of cytomegalovirus polyradiculomyelopathy in AIDS. Neurology, 43(3 Pt 1), 493-9.
Journal Article
Reduced basal ganglia volume in HIV-1-associated dementia: results from quantitative neuroimaging
Neurology
1993
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8413973
Although brain atrophy is a common neuroradiologic and pathologic finding in patients with HIV-1 infection, especially those with HIV-1-associated dementia complex, it is not clear whether specific regions of the brain are differentially responsible for tissue loss. In this study, we measured volumes of basal ganglia structures on MRIs for three groups: HIV-1-infected homosexual men with HIV-1-associated dementia complex (HIV+ demented), HIV-1-infected homosexual men without HIV dementia (HIV+ nondemented), and noninfected homosexual men. All groups were comparable on age and years of education, and the HIV+ groups were comparable on level of immunosuppression. Total brain volume was smaller in the HIV+ nondemented patients in comparison with HIV- control subjects; the HIV+ demented patients demonstrated even smaller brain volumes than the HIV+ nondemented patients. Smaller basal ganglia volumes, after corrections for intracranial volume, distinguished HIV+ demented patients from the o
10.1212/wnl.43.10.2099
8413973
AIDS Dementia Complex/*pathology Adult Atrophy Basal Ganglia/*anatomy & histology/*pathology Brain/anatomy & histology/*pathology Cohort Studies HIV Seronegativity HIV Seropositivity/*pathology *hiv-1 Homosexuality Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods Male Middle Aged Organ Specificity
E. H. H. Aylward, J. D., McArthur, J. C., Brettschneider, P. D., Harris, G. J., Barta, P. E., Pearlson, G. D. (1993). Reduced basal ganglia volume in HIV-1-associated dementia: results from quantitative neuroimaging. Neurology, 43(10), 2099-104.
Journal Article
Dementia in AIDS patients: incidence and risk factors. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
Neurology
1993
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8232937
We determined incidence and future projections of dementia after AIDS onset in 492 homosexual men with AIDS in the Baltimore/Los Angeles sites of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, 64 of whom developed dementia. We studied various risk factors for dementia, including demographic and clinical features, medical history, markers of immune status before AIDS, and zidovudine use. During the first 2 years after AIDS, HIV dementia developed at an annual rate of 7%. Overall, 15% of the cohort followed through death developed dementia. The median survival after dementia was 6.0 months. Using a proportional hazards model, risk factors for more rapid development of dementia were lower hemoglobin (relative hazard, 0.59 per additional 2 g/dl; p = 0.0005) and body mass index (relative hazard, 0.64 per additional 5 kg/m2; p = 0.05) 1 to 6 months before AIDS, more constitutional symptoms 7 to 12 months before AIDS (relative hazard, 1.68 per additional symptom, p = 0.005), and older age at AIDS onset (
10.1212/wnl.43.11.2245
8232937
AIDS Dementia Complex/*epidemiology Adult Cohort Studies Humans Incidence Male Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis Risk Factors Survival Analysis
J. C. H. McArthur, D. R., Bacellar, H., Miller, E. N., Cohen, B. A., Becker, J. T., Graham, N. M., McArthur, J. H., Selnes, O. A., Jacobson, L. P., et al., (1993). Dementia in AIDS patients: incidence and risk factors. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Neurology, 43(11), 2245-52.
Journal Article
Clinical-neuropathologic correlation in HIV-associated dementia
Neurology
1993
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8232935
The structural abnormalities that correlate with the clinical manifestations of HIV-associated dementia (HIVD) are unclear. In a prospectively categorized group of patients with and without HIVD who were followed to autopsy, we correlated HIV-related neuropathologic changes with the presence and severity of HIVD. We also assessed the effect of antiretroviral therapy on the neuropathologic changes. Finally, using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction on homogenized brain tissue, we correlated the relative expression of mRNA for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) with cognitive impairment and with the patterns of neuropathologic changes. The presence of multinucleated giant cells and diffuse myelin pallor were specific for HIVD, but these pathologic changes occurred in only 50% of patients with dementia. Patients treated with antiretroviral agents for > 12 months were less likely to show multinucleated giant cells or diffuse myelin pallor. Levels of mRNA for TNF-alpha from
10.1212/wnl.43.11.2230
8232935
AIDS Dementia Complex/drug therapy/*pathology Adult Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use Base Sequence Brain/*pathology Cytokines/analysis Humans Male Molecular Sequence Data Polymerase Chain Reaction Prospective Studies RNA, Messenger/analysis Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/analysis
J. D. W. Glass, S. L., Selnes, O. A., McArthur, J. C. (1993). Clinical-neuropathologic correlation in HIV-associated dementia. Neurology, 43(11), 2230-7.
Journal Article
Cytokine expression of macrophages in HIV-1-associated vacuolar myelopathy
Neurology
1993
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8492917
Macrophages are frequently present within the periaxonal and intramyelinic vacuoles that are located primarily in the posterior and lateral funiculi of the thoracic spinal cord in HIV-associated vacuolar myelopathy. But the role of these macrophages in the formation of the vacuoles is unclear. One hypothesis is that cytokines, such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, are produced locally by macrophages and have toxic effects on myelin or oligodendrocytes. The resulting myelin damage eventually culminates in the removal of myelin by macrophages and vacuole formation. We studied thoracic spinal cord specimens taken at autopsy from HIV-positive (+) and HIV-negative individuals. The predominant mononuclear cells present in HIV+ spinal cords are macrophages. They are located primarily in the posterior and lateral funiculi regardless of the presence or absence of vacuolar myelopathy. Macrophages and microglia are more frequent in HIV+ than HIV-negative individuals
10.1212/wnl.43.5.1002
8492917
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/pathology/*physiopathology Adolescent Adult Autopsy Cytokines/analysis/*metabolism HIV Seropositivity/*pathology/physiopathology *hiv-1 HLA-D Antigens/analysis Humans Immunohistochemistry Interleukin-1/analysis/blood/cerebrospinal fluid Macrophages/*metabolism/pathology Male Middle Aged Spinal Cord/*pathology Spinal Cord Diseases/*etiology/pathology Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/analysis/cerebrospinal fluid Vacuoles/*ultrastructure
W. R. G. Tyor, J. D., Baumrind, N., McArthur, J. C., Griffin, J. W., Becker, P. S., Griffin, D. E. (1993). Cytokine expression of macrophages in HIV-1-associated vacuolar myelopathy. Neurology, 43(5), 1002-9.
Journal Article
Brain reserve capacity on symptom onset after brain injury: A formulation and review of evidence for threshold theory
Neuropsychology
1993
1993
https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1993-42096-001
10.1037/0894-4105.7.3.273
acquired brain injury Brain brain reserve capacity clinical symptoms review
P. Satz (1993). Brain reserve capacity on symptom onset after brain injury: A formulation and review of evidence for threshold theory. Neuropsychology, 7(3), 273-295.
Journal Article
Subtypes of HIV-related neuropsychological functioning: A cluster analysis approach
Neuropsychology
1993
1993
https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1993-18294-001
10.1037/0894-4105.7.1.62
analysis cluster analysis Hiv Neuropsychological psychomotor slowing verbal memory
W. G. H. Van Gorp, C., Satz, P., Miller, E.N., Weisman, J., Holston, S., Drebing, C., Marcotte, T.D., Dixon, W. (1993). Subtypes of HIV-related neuropsychological functioning: A cluster analysis approach. Neuropsychology, 7(1), 62-72.
Journal Article
Neuropsychological findings in HIV infection, encephalopathy, and dementia
Neuropsychology of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias
1993
central nervous system CNS Dementia Disease encephalopathy Hiv HIV infection infection Neuropsychological neuropsychology
Book Section
Radiographic imaging of sinusitis in HIV infection
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg
1993
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8437872
Magnetic resonance images (MRI) of the brain from 75 homosexual men were reviewed to evaluate the frequency and severity of incidental sinus disease associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). All scans had been performed for reasons other than a history of sinus disease. The opacification of each sinus cavity was scored such that 0 = normal, 1 = < 25%, 2 = 25% to 75%, and 3 = > 75% opacification. Subjects were then stratified by clinical status into four groups: HIV-, HIV+ without HIV-related symptoms, AIDS-related complex (ARC), or AIDS. Grade 1 mucosal thickening was present in 52% to 55% of HIV- and HIV+ subjects alike. Moderate disease (grade 2 or 3) was seen in seven of 52 HIV+ subjects, but none of the 23 HIV- controls. The incidence of maxillary sinus thickening was 69% in men with AIDS, compared to 30% in HIV- men (chi 2 = 4.1, p < 0.05). Mean maxillary sinus scores were 1.25 +/- 0.29 in those with AIDS compared to 0.43 +/- 0.15 in HIV- men (f = 5.11, p < 0.05). Our re
10.1177/019459989310800105
8437872
*AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections Chronic Disease Cross-Sectional Studies Follow-Up Studies HIV Infections/*complications Homosexuality Humans Incidence Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Prospective Studies Sinusitis/diagnosis/*diagnostic imaging Tomography, X-Ray Computed
M. Armstrong, Jr., McArthur, J. C., Zinreich, S. J. (1993). Radiographic imaging of sinusitis in HIV infection. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 108(1), 36-43.
Journal Article
Human immunodeficiency virus proteins induce the inhibitory cAMP/protein kinase A pathway in normal lymphocytes
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
1993
15-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7688126
Proliferation of normal T lymphocytes is impaired by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) proteins. In this paper, we demonstrate important parts of this mechanism. Initially, HIV-induced impairment of proliferation was shown to be an active process involving induction of protein tyrosine kinases in both CD4 and CD8 T cells. Furthermore, the impairment of cell proliferation was demonstrated to be linked to induction of the inhibitory protein kinase A (PKA) pathway by HIV proteins. This induction of PKA was accompanied by an increase in intracellular cAMP, which is necessary for the activation of PKA. Finally, increases in cAMP/PKA activity were shown to induce biochemical changes that impaired proliferation when cells were stimulated with phytohemagglutinin. This was demonstrated by showing that (i) agents, other than HIV proteins, that increase cAMP/PKA activity (cholera toxoid and 8-bromo-cAMP) also decreased T-lymphocyte proliferation; (ii) exposure of lymphocytes to HIV or cholera to
10.1073/pnas.90.14.6676
7688126
PMC46995
Amino Acid Sequence Biological Transport CD4 Antigens/metabolism CD8 Antigens/metabolism Cell Membrane/enzymology Cells, Cultured *Cholera Toxin Cyclic AMP/metabolism *Enzyme Induction HIV/*chemistry Humans Lymphocyte Activation/*drug effects Lymphocytes/enzymology Molecular Sequence Data Phosphorylation Phosphotyrosine Phytohemagglutinins/pharmacology Protein Kinase C/biosynthesis Protein Kinases/biosynthesis/metabolism Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/biosynthesis Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/biosynthesis *Signal Transduction Toxoids/pharmacology Tyrosine/analogs & derivatives/biosynthesis Viral Proteins/*pharmacology
B. N. Hofmann, P., Nguyen, T., Insixiengmay, P., Fahey, J. L. (1993). Human immunodeficiency virus proteins induce the inhibitory cAMP/protein kinase A pathway in normal lymphocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 90(14), 6676-80. PMC46995
Journal Article
Analysis of human immunodeficiency virus-infected tissues by amplification and in situ hybridization reveals latent and permissive infections at single-cell resolution
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
1993
1/1/1993
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8419941
Latent and productive viral infections are at the extremes of the spectrum of virus-cell interactions that are thought to play a major role in the ability of such important human pathogens as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to elude host defenses and cause disease. The recent development of PCR-based methods to amplify target sequences in individual cells in routinely fixed tissues affords opportunities to directly examine the subtle and covert virus-cell relationships at the latent end of the spectrum that are inaccessible to analysis by conventional in situ hybridization techniques. We have now used PCR in situ with in situ hybridization to document latent and permissive HIV infection in routinely fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue. In one of the first specimens we examined, a tumor biopsy from an HIV-infected individual, we found many of the lymphocytes and lymphocytes infiltrating the tumor had HIV DNA that was detectable only by PCR in situ. The fraction of positive cells varie
10.1073/pnas.90.1.357
8419941
PMC45659
Adenocarcinoma AIDS analysis Base Sequence Biopsy Cell Line Cell Transformation,Viral Comparative Study diagnosis Disease Dna Dna,Viral Gene Expression genetics Genome,Viral Hiv HIV infection HIV Infections HIV Seropositivity Human human immunodeficiency virus immunodeficiency In Situ Hybridization infection infections Lymphocytes Macrophages methods microbiology Molecular Sequence Data Monocytes Oligodeoxyribonucleotides Polymerase Chain Reaction population Rna,Viral study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. United States virus
J. Z. Embretson, M., Beneke, J., Till, M., Wolinsky, S., Ribas, J.L., Burke, A., Haase, A.T. (1993). Analysis of human immunodeficiency virus-infected tissues by amplification and in situ hybridization reveals latent and permissive infections at single-cell resolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 90(1), 357-361. PMC45659
Journal Article
Detection of HIV-1 DNA and messenger RNA in individual cells by PCR-driven in situ hybridization and flow cytometry
Science
1993
14-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8493534
Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) DNA and messenger RNA sequences in both cell lines and blood obtained directly from HIV-1-infected patients were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and hybridized to fluorescein-labeled probes in situ, and the individually labeled cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. After flow cytometric analysis, heterogeneous cell populations were reproducibly resolved into HIV-1-positive and -negative distributions. Fluorescence microscopy showed that the cellular morphology was preserved and intracellular localization of amplified product DNA was maintained. Retention of nonspecific probe was not observed. Analysis of proviral DNA and viral messenger RNA in cells in the blood of HIV-1-infected patients showed that the HIV-1 genome persists in a large reservoir of latently infected cells. With the use of this technique it is now possible to detect single-copy DNA or low-abundance messenger RNA rapidly and reproducibly in a minor subpopulation of cel
10.1126/science.8493534
8493534
Base Sequence Cell Line DNA, Viral/*isolation & purification Flow Cytometry HIV Infections/*microbiology HIV-1/*genetics/isolation & purification Humans In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence Leukocytes, Mononuclear/*microbiology Molecular Sequence Data Polymerase Chain Reaction Proviruses/genetics RNA, Messenger/*isolation & purification RNA, Viral/*isolation & purification
B. K. T. Patterson, M., Otto, P., Goolsby, C., Furtado, M. R., McBride, L. J., Wolinsky, S. M. (1993). Detection of HIV-1 DNA and messenger RNA in individual cells by PCR-driven in situ hybridization and flow cytometry. Science, 260(5110), 976-9.
Journal Article
Immunoglobulin VH3 gene products: natural ligands for HIV gp120
Science
1993
17-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7690497
Infection with human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) depletes T cells expressing CD4 and B cells expressing immunoglobulin (Ig) VH3 gene products. A subpopulation of normal B cells from non-HIV-infected individuals was shown to bind to HIV gp120 by means of membrane Ig; most of these B cells expressed VH3 family Ig. Serum VH3 IgM from uninfected individuals also avidly bound gp120. Finally, gp120 selectively induced Ig secretion by VH3 B cells, indicating that the binding of gp120 functionally activated these cells. These results indicate that naturally occurring VH3 Ig is a second ligand for gp120 and a candidate superantigen for VH3 B cells.
10.1126/science.7690497
7690497
Adolescent Antigens, CD/analysis Antigens, CD19 Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/analysis B-Lymphocytes/immunology/*metabolism CD4 Antigens/analysis Child Child, Preschool Flow Cytometry HIV Envelope Protein gp120/*metabolism *hiv-1 Humans Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/*metabolism Immunoglobulin M/metabolism Immunoglobulin Variable Region/*metabolism
L. G. Berberian, L., Kipps, T. J., Braun, J. (1993). Immunoglobulin VH3 gene products: natural ligands for HIV gp120. Science, 261(5128), 1588-91.
Journal Article
Tracking of markers and onset of disease among HIV-1 seroconverters
Stat Med
1993
30-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7906051
Repeated measurements on persons infected with HIV-1 indicate that infection has a dynamic impact on several markers of immune suppression and activation. The objectives of this report are: (a) to provide a statistical model for the correlation structure of serial measurements of immunological markers, and (b) to identify features of marker profiles associated with the timing of AIDS diagnoses. We analyse data obtained from 328 seroconverters participating in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study on whom the date of HIV-1 seroconversion is known within +/- 4.5 months. Immunological markers considered here are CD4 cell counts, serum beta 2-microglobulin and serum neopterin. The statistical model for HIV-related changes in markers consists of (1) a piecewise linear regression model for the trajectories of markers over time and (2) a two-parameter autocorrelation function that generalizes Markovian and simple random effects autocorrelation structures. Application of this model for marker meas
10.1002/sim.4780122207
7906051
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*diagnosis/immunology Biopterin/*analogs & derivatives/blood Bisexuality CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology Cohort Studies Follow-Up Studies HIV Seropositivity/*diagnosis/immunology *HIV-1/immunology Homosexuality Humans *Leukocyte Count Male Models, Statistical Monitoring, Immunologic/*methods Neopterin beta 2-Microglobulin/*analysis
N. M. Galai, A., Chen, K., Carey, V. J., Chmiel, J., Zhou, S. Y. (1993). Tracking of markers and onset of disease among HIV-1 seroconverters. Stat Med, 12(22), 2133-45.
Journal Article
A method to test for a recent increase in HIV-1 seroconversion incidence: results from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS)
Stat Med
1993
30-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8446810
We have formulated the problem of determining whether there has been an upturn in HIV-1 seroconversion incidence over the first five years of follow-up in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) as that of locating the minimum of a quadratic regression or examination of two-knot piecewise spline models. Under a quadratic model, we propose a method to obtain a direct estimate and a bootstrap estimate for the location of the temporal turning point (local minimum) for HIV-1 seroconversion incidence and three methods to estimate confidence intervals for the location of the turning point for HIV seroconversion incidence: (1) Wald confidence interval estimate with or without log transformation assuming the asymptotic normality and applying the Delta method; (2) asymmetric confidence intervals using Fieller's Theorem and its modification; and (3) bootstrapping confidence intervals. Inferences for the temporal turning point based on Wald tests for a single regression term in a non-linear regr
10.1002/sim.4780120207
8446810
Cohort Studies Computer Simulation Confidence Intervals Follow-Up Studies HIV Seropositivity/*epidemiology HIV-1/*immunology Humans Incidence Male *Models, Statistical *Poisson Distribution Regression Analysis Time Factors
S. Y. K. Zhou, L. A., Taylor, J. M., Chmiel, J. S., He, D. Y., Hoover, D. R. (1993). A method to test for a recent increase in HIV-1 seroconversion incidence: results from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Stat Med, 12(2), 153-64.
Journal Article
Coping with the threat of AIDS
The Social Psychology of HIV Infection
1993
AIDS behavioral changes bisexual men coping gay men health behaviors Hiv HIV infection infection psychology sexual behavior
Book Section
Epidemiology and natural history on HIV in women
Until the Cure: Caregiving for Women with HIV
1993
Book Section
Enhanced expression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 correlates with development of AIDS
Virology
1993
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8103948
The progression to AIDS may be significantly related to the level of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication. We have used quantitative cell culture and quantitative DNA and RNA PCR to measure viral load and expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained cross-sectionally and longitudinally from HIV-1-seropositive homosexual men enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Our results indicate that the number of circulating CD4+ T-lymphocytes producing HIV-1 increased as the total number of CD4+ T-cells declined. However, there was no correlation between the number of HIV-1-producing CD4+ cells and the duration of infection. Furthermore, the level of HIV-1 gag RNA increased as the disease progressed and CD4+ cell numbers declined. Subjects who remained asymptomatic with stable CD4+ cell counts, however, maintained a very low level of HIV-1 RNA expression during the entire period of follow-up (38-71 months). In contrast to viral RNA expression, the level of
10.1006/viro.1993.1514
8103948
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*etiology/*microbiology CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/microbiology DNA, Viral/blood Follow-Up Studies HIV Antibodies/blood HIV Seropositivity HIV-1/*growth & development Humans Longitudinal Studies Male Pennsylvania Polymerase Chain Reaction RNA, Viral/blood Reproducibility of Results T-Lymphocyte Subsets/microbiology
P. K. Gupta, L., Armstrong, J., Ding, M., Cottrill, M., Rinaldo, C. (1993). Enhanced expression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 correlates with development of AIDS. Virology, 196(2), 586-95.
Journal Article
Correlation of neuromuscular pathology in acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients with cytomegalovirus infection and zidovudine treatment
Acta Neuropathol
1992
1992
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1334328
Peripheral nerve and skeletal muscle specimens from 115 autopsied adult AIDS patients were examined for types and incidence of histological abnormalities. Focal perivascular chronic inflammatory infiltrates featuring plasma cells were found in 85% of nerve and muscle specimens. These foci were specifically associated with cytomegalovirus (CMV)-infected capillary or venous endothelial cells in neuromuscular specimens of 31/115 patients, with increasing incidence in patients surviving longer with the diagnosis of AIDS. Neuromuscular CMV was identified histologically in 19% of AIDS patients with an AIDS-defining illness for 3 months or less, with the incidence increasing to 46% of patients who had the diagnosis for 2 years or longer. Vascular damage from CMV endothelial infection may result in regional ischemic and/or inflammatory damage to nerves, producing myelinated fiber loss and axonal degeneration, leading to denervation atrophy of myofibers found in skeletal muscle specimens in a m
10.1007/BF00304471
1334328
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications/drug therapy/*pathology Adult Aged Cytomegalovirus Infections/*pathology Denervation Female Ganglia, Spinal/pathology Humans Immunohistochemistry Male Middle Aged Muscles/*pathology Necrosis/pathology Nerve Fibers, Myelinated/ultrastructure Peripheral Nerves/*pathology Sarcoma, Kaposi/pathology Sural Nerve/pathology Zidovudine/*adverse effects/therapeutic use
M. E. H. Cornford, H. W., Vinters, H. V. (1992). Correlation of neuromuscular pathology in acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients with cytomegalovirus infection and zidovudine treatment. Acta Neuropathol, 84(5), 516-29.
Journal Article
AIDS and multiple sclerosis: neural and mental features
Acta Psychiatr Scand
1992
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1605052
The presence of mental disorder and cognitive functioning were examined in groups of 20 multiple sclerosis (MS) and homosexual acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ambulatory male outpatients matched for disability and demographic features. Patients who were somatically ill, had past central nervous system infection or tumours or abused intravenous drugs or alcohol were excluded. The groups significantly differed in mental symptoms and mental disorders (DSM-III classification) seen currently and after the diagnosis of MS or human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection. AIDS patients had pre-existing anxiety disorders that affected their current mental symptoms. MS patients showed more evidence of cognitive impairment than equally disabled AIDS patients. The differing neural and mental features are discussed in relation to the current concepts of subcortical and cortical disorders.
10.1111/j.1600-0447.1992.tb10314.x
1605052
AIDS Dementia Complex/diagnosis/*psychology Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnosis/*psychology Activities of Daily Living/psychology Adolescent Adult Disability Evaluation HIV Seropositivity/psychology *hiv-1 Homosexuality/psychology Humans Male Mental Status Schedule Middle Aged Multiple Sclerosis/diagnosis/*psychology Neurocognitive Disorders/diagnosis/*psychology *Neuropsychological Tests Psychiatric Status Rating Scales *Sick Role
R. S. Morriss, F., Brandt, J., McArthur, J., Folstein, M. (1992). AIDS and multiple sclerosis: neural and mental features. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 85(5), 331-6.
Journal Article
Cerebrospinal fluid b2 -microglubulin in patients with AIDS dementia complex: an expanded series including response to zidovudine treatment
AIDS
1992
May-92
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1616651
OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2M) and severity of AIDS dementia complex (ADC), and between CSF beta 2M and response of ADC to zidovudine. DESIGN: A prospective study. SETTING: Tertiary referral hospital. PATIENTS, PARTICIPANTS: Seventy-eight patients with varying stages of ADC were selected from a subgroup of a cohort of HIV- seropositive patients who are being studied prospectively for the neurological complications of HIV-1 infection. To enter our study, patients had to have an ADC stage of at least 0.5 (equivocal symptoms or abnormal neurological signs in the absence of functional impairment). A control group of 11 HIV-1-seropositive, neurologically normal patients was chosen randomly from the patients followed in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were assessed neurologically and neuropsychologically and computed tomography of the brain and CSF studies were performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUR
1616651
AIDS AIDS Dementia Complex beta 2-Microglobulin Beta2-microglobulin Blood-Brain Barrier Brain Cerebrospinal Fluid Cohort Studies cohort study complications drug therapy Hiv Hiv-1 HIV-1 infection Human infection Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Prospective Studies study Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. therapeutic use therapy United States Zidovudine Dementia dementia complex response treatment
B. J. B. Brew, R.B., Paul, M., Sidtis, J.J., Keilp, J.J., Sadler, A.E., Gallardo, H., McArthur, J.C., Schwartz, M.K., Price, R.W. (1992). Cerebrospinal fluid b2 -microglubulin in patients with AIDS dementia complex: an expanded series including response to zidovudine treatment. AIDS, 6(5), 461-465.
Journal Article
Frequent oropharyngeal shedding of Epstein-Barr virus in homosexual men during early HIV infection
AIDS
1992
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1335273
OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) oropharyngeal shedding during HIV infection in homosexual men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. DESIGN: The cohort consisted of 210 men who were HIV-seronegative at their baseline study visit, 39 of whom seroconverted to HIV at a later date, and 73 asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic men with HIV infection of indeterminate duration. METHODS: EBV in throat washings was detected by transformation of newborn cord blood lymphocytes. RESULTS: EBV was isolated from 49% (35 out of 71) of the HIV-seropositive and 16% (33 out of 204) of the HIV-seronegative homosexual men tested at their baseline visit. Elevated EBV shedding frequency was noted 6 months before, as well as during the first HIV-seropositive clinic visit, in the men who seroconverted to HIV. Seronegative men who shed EBV at their baseline visit seroconverted to HIV within a shorter period than did non-shedders during 5 years of follow-up. Shedding of EBV was not
10.1097/00002030-199211000-00006
1335273
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/etiology/microbiology Adolescent Adult Aged HIV Infections/etiology/*microbiology HIV Seropositivity/microbiology Herpesvirus 4, Human/*isolation & purification/pathogenicity Homosexuality Humans Male Middle Aged Oropharynx/*microbiology Sexual Behavior Time Factors
J. R. Ferbas, M. A., Kingsley, L. A., Armstrong, J. A., Ho, M., Zhou, S. Y., Rinaldo, C. R., Jr. (1992). Frequent oropharyngeal shedding of Epstein-Barr virus in homosexual men during early HIV infection. AIDS, 6(11), 1273-8.
Journal Article
Cognitive impairment of HIV infection
AIDS
1992
Jun-92
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1388886
AIDS Dementia Complex Cognition cognitive cognitive impairment complications Depression drug therapy drugs Hiv HIV infection HIV Infections Human infection letter psychology Psychotropic Drugs Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. therapeutic use United States
O. A. M. Selnes, E.N. (1992). Cognitive impairment of HIV infection. AIDS, 6(6), 602-604.
Journal Article
Low prevalence of HIV in high-risk seronegative homosexual men evidenced by virus culture and polymerase chain reaction
AIDS
1992
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1558712
OBJECTIVE: To assess the presence of covert HIV-1 infection. SETTING: High-risk seronegative homosexual men from the Pittsburgh portion of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study were examined for the presence of HIV-1 infection. PATIENTS, PARTICIPANTS: Ten men (group 1) were examined prospectively for the presence of HIV-1 in their freshly-obtained peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Furthermore, cryopreserved PBMC from 26 men (group 2) at their first visit (1984-1985) were examined retrospectively for the presence of HIV-1. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: PBMC samples from groups 1 and 2 were examined for HIV-1 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using gag, env and strong-stop (long terminal repeat) specific primers. In addition, fresh PBMC samples from group 1 were examined for HIV-1 by virus culture. RESULTS: None of the 10 PBMC samples from group 1 were positive for virus culture and PCR. Only one of the 26 men from group 2 was positive for gag and strong-stop DNA sequences. This PCR-posit
10.1097/00002030-199202000-00001
1558712
Adult Base Sequence Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay HIV Antibodies/blood HIV Infections/*epidemiology/*microbiology *HIV Seropositivity HIV-1/*isolation & purification Homosexuality Humans Male Middle Aged Molecular Sequence Data Pennsylvania/epidemiology Polymerase Chain Reaction Prevalence Prospective Studies Retrospective Studies Risk Factors
P. K. Gupta, L., Anderson, R., Ho, M., Enrico, A., Ding, M., Cottrill, M., Wolinsky, S., Rinaldo, C. (1992). Low prevalence of HIV in high-risk seronegative homosexual men evidenced by virus culture and polymerase chain reaction. AIDS, 6(2), 143-9.
Journal Article
Semi-parametric estimation of the incubation period of AIDS
AIDS Epidemiology: Methodological Issues
1992
AIDS epidemiology estimation Hiv incubation incubation period methodological issues prevalent cohort study
Book Section
HIV-1 intrapatient sequence diversity in the immunogenic V3 region
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
1992
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1281659
10.1089/aid.1992.8.1461
1281659
Algorithms Amino Acid Sequence Antigenic Variation/*genetics Biological Evolution Blood/microbiology Brain/microbiology Epitopes/*genetics Glycosylation HIV Envelope Protein gp120/*genetics HIV-1/*genetics/immunology/isolation & purification Humans Molecular Sequence Data Peptide Fragments/*genetics
B. W. Korber, S., Haynes, B., Kunstman, K., Levy, R., Furtado, M., Otto, P., Myers, G. (1992). HIV-1 intrapatient sequence diversity in the immunogenic V3 region. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 8(8), 1461-5.
Journal Article
HIV-1 sequence variation between isolates from mother-infant transmission pairs
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
1992
Jul-92
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1520542
To examine the sequence diversity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) between known transmission sets, sequences from the V3 and V4- V5 region of the envelope gene from four mother-infant pairs were analyzed. The mean interpatient sequence variation between isolates from linked mother-infant pairs was comparable to the sequence diversity found between isolates from other close contacts. The mean intrapatient variation was significantly less in the infants' isolates then the isolates from both their mothers and other characterized intrapatient sequence sets. In addition, a distinct and characteristic difference in the glycosylation pattern preceding the V3 loop was found between each linked transmission pair. These findings indicate that selection of specific genotypic variants, which may play a role in some direct transmission sets, and the duration of infection are important factors in the degree of diversity seen between the sequence sets
10.1089/aid.1992.8.1297
1520542
Adult Amino Acid Sequence Chicago genetics Glycosylation HIV Infections Hiv-1 Human human immunodeficiency virus immunodeficiency Infant Infant,Newborn infection microbiology Molecular Sequence Data Mothers Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. transmission United States Variation (Genetics) virus
C. M. K. Wike, B.T.M., Daniels, M.R., Hutto, C., Muñoz, J., Furtado, M., Parks, W., Saah, A., Bulterys, M., Kurawige, J.B., Wolinsky, S.M. (1992). HIV-1 sequence variation between isolates from mother-infant transmission pairs. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 8(7), 1297-1300.
Journal Article
Association of Epstein-Barr virus with primary central nervous system lymphoma in AIDS
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
1992
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1325171
1325171
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*complications Brain Neoplasms/complications/*microbiology Herpesvirus 4, Human/*physiology Humans Lymphoma/complications/*microbiology
E. M. G. MacMahon, J. D., Hayward, S. D., Mann, R. B., Charache, P., McArthur, J. C., Ambinder, R. F. (1992). Association of Epstein-Barr virus with primary central nervous system lymphoma in AIDS. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 8(5), 740-2.
Journal Article
Anti-CD4 antibodies are associated with HIV-1 seroconversion and may be detectable before anti-HIV-1 antibodies.
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
1992
Nov-92
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1489580
We examined the sera from 14 HIV-1 seroconverters for the presence of autoantibodies against CD4. Anti-CD4 antibodies were detected in the serum of 11 of 13 HIV-1-infected persons at the time of HIV-1 seroconversion. In 6 of 14 persons from whom a serum was obtained prior to HIV-1 seroconversion, anti-CD4 antibodies were found 90 to 540 days before antibodies to HIV-1 were detectable. In comparison, anti-CD4 antibodies were present in only 7 serum samples from 62 HIV-1 seronegative individuals, including 50 from a seronegative homosexual male cohort. These results suggest that anti-CD4 antibodies are generated in response to early HIV-1 infection and possibly could be used as a marker for HIV-1 infection in some infected persons who are seronegative for HIV-1
10.1089/aid.1992.8.1919
1489580
AIDS Antibodies antibody Antigens Antigens,CD4 Autoantibodies Baltimore Biological Markers blood Blotting,Western CD4 cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Disease Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Fluorescent Antibody Technique Hiv HIV Antibodies HIV Seropositivity Hiv-1 HIV-1 infection homosexual Human immunology infection infectious diseases Male marker markers Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Multicenter Studies response sera seroconversion seronegative study Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,Non-P.H.S. Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. United States
P. K. Keiser, S., Wasserman, S., Wecksler, W., The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (1992). Anti-CD4 antibodies are associated with HIV-1 seroconversion and may be detectable before anti-HIV-1 antibodies.. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 8(11), 1919-1927.
Journal Article
CD8 T-cell-mediated inhibition of HIV replication in HIV infected adults and children
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
1992
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1281656
10.1089/aid.1992.8.1375
1281656
Adult Antigens, CD Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes CD57 Antigens CD8 Antigens Cells, Cultured Child Child, Preschool HIV/*physiology HIV Infections/*immunology/microbiology Humans Infant T-Lymphocyte Subsets/*immunology T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology *Virus Replication
S. H. Plaeger-Marshall, M. A., Isacescu, V., Giorgi, J. V. (1992). CD8 T-cell-mediated inhibition of HIV replication in HIV infected adults and children. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 8(8), 1375-6.
Journal Article
AIDS-related CNS cryptococcosis: radiologic-pathologic correlation
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol
1992
Sep-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1414845
PURPOSE: This study evaluates the effectiveness of cranial CT and MR in detecting autopsy findings of AIDS-related CNS cryptococcosis. METHODS: Final imaging studies compared with pathology were CT in eight patients (five with contrast) and MR in five patients (all with Gd-DTPA). RESULTS: Neither modality effectively identified cryptococcal meningitis. Punctate hyperintensities were seen in all patients with MR and corresponded pathologically to both perivascular spaces dilated by cryptococcal infection and cryptococcomas. Pathologically, cryptococcomas were more common than dilated perivascular spaces. MR detected more cryptococcomas than did CT, but both modalities underestimated the number of lesions seen at autopsy. Contrast enhancement of cryptococcomas and cryptococcal meningitis was uncommon. CONCLUSIONS: CNS cryptococcosis was more effectively demonstrated by MR than by CT, but both modalities underestimated the pathologic extent of the disease. Cryptococcal lesion contrast enh
1414845
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*complications Adult Brain/diagnostic imaging/pathology Cadaver Central Nervous System Diseases/diagnosis/diagnostic imaging/*etiology Cryptococcosis/diagnosis/diagnostic imaging/*etiology Female Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Middle Aged Tomography, X-Ray Computed
V. P. A. Mathews, P. L., Glass, J. D., Kumar, A. J., McArthur, J. C. (1992). AIDS-related CNS cryptococcosis: radiologic-pathologic correlation. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 13(5), 1477-86.
Journal Article
Predictors of the risk of development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome within 24 months among gay men seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus type 1: a report from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
Am J Epidemiol
1992
5/15/1992
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1352940
The natural history of infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is characterized by a relentless decline in CD4-positive lymphocytes and the ultimate development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). However, variables other than the CD4-positive lymphocyte level contribute to the measurement of risk for AIDS and can be used as predictors of AIDS onset. This study was undertaken to identify factors that, independently of the CD4-positive lymphocyte level, would predict the risk of AIDS over 24 months in a cohort of HIV- 1 seropositive homosexual men receiving no antiretroviral therapy. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data from 1,325 white, HIV-1 seropositive participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study who have been studied for 4 years were analyzed with univariate and multivariate methods. To control for stage of infection, the baseline percentage of CD4-positive lymphocytes (a known marker of disease progression), and the decline of CD4-positive c
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116215
1352940
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome AIDS analysis Antigens Antigens,CD4 Baltimore blood CD4 CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes clinical Clinical Trials cohort Cohort Studies cohort study control Disease Disease Progression epidemiology Fatigue follow-up Hiv HIV Seropositivity Hiv-1 homosexual homosexual men Homosexuality Human human immunodeficiency virus immunodeficiency immunoglobulin Immunoglobulin A immunology infection infections Laboratories Leukocyte Count lymphocyte Lymphocytes Male marker markers measurement methods Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Multicenter Studies natural history Opportunistic Infections predictor predictors Prognosis progression prophylaxis Proportional Hazards Models Risk Risk Factors sera seropositive statistics & numerical data study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. therapies therapy Time Factors United States Urban Population virus
A. J. M. Saah, A., Kuo, V., Fox, R., Kaslow, R.A., Phair, J.P., Rinaldo, C.R., Jr., Detels, R., Polk, B.F., The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (1992). Predictors of the risk of development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome within 24 months among gay men seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus type 1: a report from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Am J Epidemiol, 135(10), 1147-1155.
Journal Article
The progression of untreated HIV-1 infection prior to AIDS
Am J Public Health
1992
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1359801
Using a case-control study of untreated men, we investigated the physical, mental, and economic effects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection prior to the diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Beginning 2 to 2.5 years prior to AIDS, case subjects reported more of 12 HIV-1 related symptoms and during the year prior to AIDS, at least 30.6 extra days of these symptoms than did control subjects. Within the 6 months preceding AIDS, case subjects' unemployment rose to 9% (P < or = .05) and depression to 34.2% (P < or = .001). At 6 to 12 months and within 6 months before AIDS, 17.1% and 31.5%, respectively, were anemic, while 37.7% and 64.7% had CD4+ counts less than 200 x 10(6)/L. Diagnosing AIDS at CD4+ counts less than 200 x 10(6)/L could significantly reduce pre-AIDS morbidity. Other implications of these findings are discussed.
10.2105/ajph.82.11.1538
1359801
PMC1694603
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*diagnosis/immunology Adult Bisexuality CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes Candidiasis, Oral/etiology Case-Control Studies Erythema/etiology Fever/etiology HIV Infections/*complications/immunology *hiv-1 Homosexuality Humans Leukocyte Count Male
D. R. S. Hoover, A., Bacellar, H., Murphy, R., Visscher, B., Metz, S., Anderson, R., Kaslow, R. A. (1992). The progression of untreated HIV-1 infection prior to AIDS. Am J Public Health, 82(11), 1538-41. PMC1694603
Journal Article
Homosexual and bisexual men's perceptions of discrimination in health services
Am J Public Health
1992
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1503172
Questionnaires were distributed to homosexual and bisexual male participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and to homosexual and bisexual male patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) to determine whether the men believed they had been refused medical or dental treatment because of their sexual orientation or a condition related to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Men with AIDS were significantly more likely (18%) to report being refused treatment by a doctor or dentist on the basis of a known or suspected HIV-related condition than were men who were seropositive (5%) or seronegative (1%). Significantly more respondents reported refusal of dental care than of medical care.
10.2105/ajph.82.9.1277
1503172
PMC1694342
Baltimore Bisexuality/*psychology Homosexuality/*psychology Humans Logistic Models Los Angeles Male *Prejudice *Refusal to Treat Social Perception Empirical Approach Health Care and Public Health
N. E. F. Kass, R. R., Fox, R., Dudley, J. (1992). Homosexual and bisexual men's perceptions of discrimination in health services. Am J Public Health, 82(9), 1277-9. PMC1694342
Journal Article
c-myc, MHCI, and NK resistance in immunodeficiency lymphomas
Ann N Y Acad Sci
1992
4-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1599133
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb24647.x
1599133
Animals Cell Adhesion Molecules/physiology *Cytotoxicity, Immunologic *Genes, MHC Class I *Genes, myc Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/complications/genetics/*immunology Immunologic Surveillance Killer Cells, Natural/*immunology Lymphocyte Activation Lymphoma, B-Cell/etiology/genetics/*immunology Mice Mice, Mutant Strains
J. F. Braun, D. W., Goodglick, L. A. (1992). c-myc, MHCI, and NK resistance in immunodeficiency lymphomas. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 651(), 467-9.
Journal Article
Cytokine expression in the brain during the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Ann Neurol
1992
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1586135
The pathogenesis of central nervous system (CNS) disease in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is poorly understood but may be related to specific effects of the immune system. Cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 may have toxic effects on CNS cells and have been postulated to contribute to the pathogenesis of the neurological complications of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. To characterize viral and immunological activity in the CNS, frozen specimens taken at autopsy from the cerebral cortex and white matter of HIV-seropositive and -seronegative individuals were stained immunocytochemically for mononuclear cells, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens, HIV, astrocytes, and the cytokines interleukin-1 and -6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and -beta, and interferon gamma. Levels of soluble CD4, CD8, and interleukin-2 receptor, as well as interferon gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, beta 2-microglobulin, neopterin, and interleukin-6 and
10.1002/ana.410310402
1586135
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology/*metabolism/pathology Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Astrocytes/pathology Brain/immunology/*metabolism/pathology Child Child, Preschool Cytokines/*metabolism HIV Antigens/analysis Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/analysis Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/analysis Humans Infant Middle Aged
W. R. G. Tyor, J. D., Griffin, J. W., Becker, P. S., McArthur, J. C., Bezman, L., Griffin, D. E. (1992). Cytokine expression in the brain during the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Neurol, 31(4), 349-60.
Journal Article
Methodological issues in the assessment of human immunodeficiency virus-related cognitive impairment
Arch Gen Psychiatry
1992
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1627053
10.1001/archpsyc.1992.01820070080017
1627053
Cognition Disorders/*diagnosis/etiology Educational Status HIV Infections/*complications/psychology HIV Seropositivity/complications/psychology Humans Immunity Language Male *Neuropsychological Tests/statistics & numerical data Research Design/standards Social Class
E. N. S. Miller, P., Bing, E. G., van Gorp, W., Morganstern, H., Visscher, B. (1992). Methodological issues in the assessment of human immunodeficiency virus-related cognitive impairment. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 49(7), 586-8.
Journal Article
HIV-induced immune dysfunction and AIDS-associated neoplasms
Biological Approaches to Cancer Treatment: Biomodulation
1992
AIDS AIDS-associated neoplasms cancer Hiv immune immune dysfunction Neoplasms treatment
Book Section
A general method for the identification of regions suitable for site-directed silent mutagenesis
Biotechniques
1992
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1315141
1315141
Amino Acid Sequence Base Sequence Biotechnology DNA/genetics DNA Restriction Enzymes Molecular Sequence Data *Mutagenesis, Site-Directed Oligopeptides/genetics
B. S. Shankarappa, D. A., Ehrlich, G. D. (1992). A general method for the identification of regions suitable for site-directed silent mutagenesis. Biotechniques, 12(3), 382-4.
Journal Article
SILMUT: a computer program for the identification of regions suitable for silent mutagenesis to introduce restriction enzyme recognition sequences
Biotechniques
1992
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1322684
We describe a set of IBM-compatible computer programs designed to selectively identify the potential sites for silent mutagenesis within a target DNA sequence. This program is based on a novel strategy of identifying amino acid motifs compatible with each restriction site (BioTechniques 12:382-384, 1991). The programs can be used to identify the suitability for the introduction of any 6-base nucleic acid sequences, such as restriction enzyme sites in cassette mutagenesis strategies. The Table program generates a table of multiple amino acid motifs for each restriction enzyme, obtained by translating each unique recognition sequence in all three reading frames. The Silmut program, which utilizes the features of Table, will further identify the presence of a match between any amino acid motif of each restriction enzyme and the input target sequence. Minor manipulations of the data base files will enable the individual researcher to identify the potential for introduction of any 6-base se
1322684
Base Sequence DNA DNA Restriction Enzymes/*metabolism Molecular Sequence Data *Mutagenesis, Site-Directed *Software
B. V. Shankarappa, K., Ehrlich, G. D. (1992). SILMUT: a computer program for the identification of regions suitable for silent mutagenesis to introduce restriction enzyme recognition sequences. Biotechniques, 12(6), 882-4.
Journal Article
Neuropathology of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS): report of 39 autopsies from Vancouver, British Columbia
Can J Neurol Sci
1992
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1330261
Neuropathological findings from 39 acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) autopsies of primarily neurologically symptomatic patients and 7 brain biopsies from AIDS patients performed at St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia are reported. Autopsy findings included human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV)-type multinucleated giant cell (MNGC)-associated encephalitis seen in 17 patients, toxoplasmosis in 7 patients, and cytomegalovirus encephalitis and/or microglial nodule-associated nuclear inclusions in brain parenchyma in 9 patients. Central nervous system lymphoma was identified in 11 autopsy patients and in 4 of 7 brain biopsies. Infectious processes including HIV encephalitis were seen in 10 of 11 autopsied patients with lymphoproliferative lesions in the brain parenchyma, while 40% of patients without lymphoma had HIV-type MNGC or opportunistic infections. CNS lymphoma was not significantly increased in incidence in patients with a clinical history of zidovudine treatmen
1330261
AIDS Dementia Complex/*pathology AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/*pathology Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*pathology Adult Aged Autopsy Biopsy Brain/*pathology British Columbia Central Nervous System Neoplasms/microbiology/pathology Cytomegalovirus Infections/pathology Encephalitis/microbiology/pathology Female Hiv-1 Humans Lymphoma/microbiology/pathology Male Middle Aged Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral/pathology
M. E. H. Cornford, J. K., Boyd, M. C., Berry, K., Vinters, H. V. (1992). Neuropathology of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS): report of 39 autopsies from Vancouver, British Columbia. Can J Neurol Sci, 19(4), 442-52.
Journal Article
Nonradioisotopic detection of nucleic acids amplified with PCR-based techniques
Clin Chem
1992
1992
nonradioisotopic detection nucleic acids PCR
S. M. D. Wolinsky, J.B., Milman, G., Hoff, R., Dragon, E.A., Hui, J., Otto, P., Gupta, P., Farzadegan, H., Whetsell, A.J. (1992). Nonradioisotopic detection of nucleic acids amplified with PCR-based techniques. Clin Chem, 38(3), 459-460.
Journal Article
Different Lymphoid-Cell Populations Produce Varied Levels of Neopterin, Beta-2-Microglobulin and Soluble Il-2 Receptor When Stimulated with Il-2, Interferon-Gamma or Tumor-Necrosis-Factor-Alpha
Clin Exp Immunol
1992
Jun
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-2249.1992.tb06485.x
Immune activation is central to many immune disorders. Clinical investigations have shown that immune activation can be quantified by measurements of soluble immune activation products in serum. Most in vitro studies of these immune activation products have focused on single products. In this study the specific cell sources and the major lymphokines inducing multiple activation products were investigated. In vitro addition of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) or IL-2 stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells to produce neopterin, beta-2-microglobulin (beta-2-M) and soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R). These two lymphokines can act independently, because neutralizing antibodies to one of the lymphokines did not block the inducing activity of the other. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) was also investigated and shown to be a less powerful inducer than IL-2 or INF-gamma. Separated lymphoid subpopulations responded differently to specific lymphokines. Monocytes produced only neop
10.1111/j.1365-2249.1992.tb06485.x
neopterin beta-2-microglobulin soluble il-2 receptor invitro immune activation invivo immune activation hl-a antigens t-cell interleukin-2 receptors beta-2 microglobulin rheumatoid-arthritis hiv-infection blood-donors serum levels invitro beta2-microglobulin
B. B. Hofmann, H., Nishanian, P., Faisal, M., Figlin, R. A., Sarna, G. P., Fahey, J. L. (1992). Different Lymphoid-Cell Populations Produce Varied Levels of Neopterin, Beta-2-Microglobulin and Soluble Il-2 Receptor When Stimulated with Il-2, Interferon-Gamma or Tumor-Necrosis-Factor-Alpha. Clin Exp Immunol, 88(3), 548-554.
Journal Article
Immune changes in HIV-1 infection: significant correlations and differences in serum markers and lymphoid phenotypic antigens
Clin Immunol Immunopathol
1992
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1376654
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV-1) induces extensive immune cell alterations which can be detected by changes both in serum levels of soluble immune activation products and in several lymphoid phenotypic markers. The current studies were conducted in 70 HIV-1 seropositive subjects to determine whether changes among four important serum immune activation markers (neopterin, beta-2 microglobulin, soluble CD8, and soluble IL-2 receptor) and seven lymphoid phenotypic markers (CD38, HLA-DR, CD57, CD11b, CD45RA, leu8, and CD71) reflect similar or disparate aspects of immune pathology. On the basis of correlation coefficient calculation, four groups of related markers (Fig. 1) were identified: Group A, sIL-2R was related to group B where serum neopterin, beta 2M, sCD8 levels, and lymphocyte CD38 antigen expression correlated closely. Loss of CD45RA or Leu 8 antigens in group C correlated with group B and D markers increase. HLA-D in group D was a more distantly related immune activati
10.1016/0090-1229(92)90060-2
1376654
ADP-ribosyl Cyclase ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1 Antigens, CD/metabolism Antigens, CD20 Antigens, Differentiation/metabolism Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/metabolism Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism Biopterin/analogs & derivatives/blood CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology CD57 Antigens Flow Cytometry HIV Infections/blood/*immunology HLA-DR Antigens/metabolism Histocompatibility Antigens/metabolism Leukocyte Common Antigens Lymphocyte Subsets/*immunology Macrophage-1 Antigen/metabolism Neopterin Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1 Receptors, Interleukin-2/chemistry/metabolism Receptors, Transferrin Solubility beta 2-Microglobulin/metabolism
H. Z. N. Bass, P., Hardy, W. D., Mitsuyasu, R. T., Esmail, E., Cumberland, W., Fahey, J. L. (1992). Immune changes in HIV-1 infection: significant correlations and differences in serum markers and lymphoid phenotypic antigens. Clin Immunol Immunopathol, 64(1), 63-70.
Journal Article
Diagnosis of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus
Clin Infect Dis
1992
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1617053
The development and subsequent widespread use of accurate, sensitive, and relatively inexpensive diagnostic tests for infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have been critically important in mapping the spread of the virus and managing HIV-infected individuals. Although the ELISA (for screening) and western blot (confirmatory test) techniques have, for the most part, fulfilled these criteria, interpretation of results of these tests is not always as straightforward as would be ideal. For example, what is the significance of an indeterminate western blot? How many times should the test be repeated? When can the patient be told he/she is truly HIV antibody negative? In this AIDS Commentary, Drs. John P. Phair and Steven Wolinsky of the Department of Medicine at Northwestern University Medical School address these questions and present their thoughts on these timely and extremely important issues.
10.1093/clinids/15.1.13
1617053
Blotting, Western Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay HIV Infections/*diagnosis Humans Polymerase Chain Reaction
J. P. W. Phair, S. (1992). Diagnosis of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus. Clin Infect Dis, 15(1), 13-6.
Journal Article
Dead cell discrimination with 7-amino-actinomycin D in combination with dual color immunofluorescence in single laser flow cytometry
Cytometry
1992
1992
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1547670
Identification of nonviable cells in immunofluorescently stained cell populations is essential for obtaining accurate data. Fluorescent non-vital DNA dyes, particularly propidium iodide (PI), have been used routinely in flow cytometry for discrimination of dead cells from viable cells on the basis of fluorescence. We describe here the use of an alternative DNA dye, 7-amino-actinomycin D (7-AAD), which can replace PI for the exclusion of nonviable cells. As an example, we present in this paper the utilization of 7-AAD on various leukemic cell lines for dead cell exclusion whenever the viable cell population could not be discriminated reliably from nonviable cells on the light scatter histogram; 7-AAD is suitable for dead cell discrimination in lengthy experiments because it is efficiently excluded by intact cells and has a high DNA binding constant. In addition, the dye is valuable in combination with phycoerythrin (PE)-fluorescence dual-color flow cytometry on a single argon laser inst
10.1002/cyto.990130216
1547670
Cell Death DNA/analysis Dactinomycin/*analogs & derivatives Flow Cytometry/*methods Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate *Fluorescent Antibody Technique Humans Leukemia/pathology Preleukemia/pathology Propidium T-Lymphocytes/chemistry/*cytology Thymus Gland/chemistry/*cytology Tumor Cells, Cultured/chemistry/pathology
I. K. Schmid, W. J., Uittenbogaart, C. H., Braun, J., Giorgi, J. V. (1992). Dead cell discrimination with 7-amino-actinomycin D in combination with dual color immunofluorescence in single laser flow cytometry. Cytometry, 13(2), 204-8.
Journal Article
Comparison of lymphocyte immunophenotypes obtained simultaneously from two different data acquisition and analysis systems on the same flow cytometer
Cytometry
1992
1992
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1547669
Immunophenotyping of different lymphocyte populations was carried out in parallel on 113 consecutively received specimens of human peripheral blood using 2 different data acquisition and analysis systems (EPICS C and 4Cyte-Acmecyte) on the same flow cytometer (EPICS C). The phenotypes analyzed were CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ CD56+ CD16+ CD3-, TCR-gamma delta+ CD8-, and TCR-gamma delta+ CD8+. Both HIV- and HIV+ specimens were used for this study, including some with CD4 levels as low as 2% of all lymphocytes. Despite differences in gating procedures and shapes of bitmap (rectilinear vs. 'amorphous'), the 2 methods agreed to within 2% positive cells in 97% of the cases. Although some statistically significant biases in the methods were observed, these were small and not biologically important. We conclude that both methods of data acquisition and analysis, as employed by experienced operators on the EPICS C flow cytometer, gave essentially equivalent results for lymphocyte sub-populations in perip
10.1002/cyto.990130215
1547669
analysis Automatic Data Processing Baltimore blood CD4 CD4+ CD8 CD8+ cells Comparative Study Flow Cytometry health Hiv Human immunology Immunophenotyping instrumentation lymphocyte Lymphocytes Male methods Phenotype population Public Health Software study Support,U.S.Gov't,Non-P.H.S. Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. United States
J. B. S. Margolick, E.R., Chadwick, K.R., Shapiro, H.M., Hetzel, A.D., Smith, S.J., Vogt, R.F., Jr. (1992). Comparison of lymphocyte immunophenotypes obtained simultaneously from two different data acquisition and analysis systems on the same flow cytometer. Cytometry, 13(2), 198-203.
Journal Article
Identifiability and exchangeability for direct and indirect effects
Epidemiology
1992
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1576220
We consider the problem of separating the direct effects of an exposure from effects relayed through an intermediate variable (indirect effects). We show that adjustment for the intermediate variable, which is the most common method of estimating direct effects, can be biased. We also show that even in a randomized crossover trial of exposure, direct and indirect effects cannot be separated without special assumptions; in other words, direct and indirect effects are not separately identifiable when only exposure is randomized. If the exposure and intermediate never interact to cause disease and if intermediate effects can be controlled, that is, blocked by a suitable intervention, then a trial randomizing both exposure and the intervention can separate direct from indirect effects. Nonetheless, the estimation must be carried out using the G-computation algorithm. Conventional adjustment methods remain biased. When exposure and the intermediate interact to cause disease, direct and indi
10.1097/00001648-199203000-00013
1576220
Algorithms *Bias Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology/etiology Causality Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic *Effect Modifier, Epidemiologic *Environmental Exposure Humans Hyperlipidemias/epidemiology/etiology Incidence *Models, Statistical Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/standards Research Design/standards Smoking/adverse effects
J. M. G. Robins, S. (1992). Identifiability and exchangeability for direct and indirect effects. Epidemiology, 3(2), 143-55.
Journal Article
CD4 counts in relation to markers of immune activation
Immunodeficiency in HIV Infection and AIDS
1992
activation AIDS CD4 Hiv HIV infection immune immune activation immunodeficiency infection lymphocyte marker markers
Book Section
Activated CD8+ cells in HIV-related diseases
Immunodeficiency in HIV Infection and AIDS. EC/FERS/MRC Workshop on Immunodeficiency in HIV-1 Infections, Windsor, Surrey, 1991
1992
AIDS CD4 CD8+ CMV Disease EBV Hiv HIV infection Hiv-1 HIV-1 infection immunodeficiency infection infections Lymphocytes workshop
Book Section
The effect of zidovudine treatment on serum neopterin and b2-microglobulin levels in mildly symptomatic, HIV type 1 seropositive individuals
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
1992
1992
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1346807
Sixty-one subjects with mildly symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection were included in a double-blind, randomized, placebo- controlled trial of zidovudine (part of AIDS Clinical Trials Group protocol 016, ACTG 016) to evaluate changes in the serum immune activation markers neopterin and beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2M) as early markers of the antiviral effect of zidovudine on HIV type 1 (HIV- 1) infection. The mean values of serum neopterin and beta 2M levels in 27 placebo-treated subjects tended to increase with time. The mean value of neopterin in 34 subjects receiving zidovudine decreased at 4 weeks (15.76 nmol/L before treatment to 12.73 nmol/L, p = 0.001). The maximum reduction was seen at 8 weeks of treatment (10.78 nmol/L, p less than 0.0001). Subsequently, the mean value of serum neopterin increased but remained below the pretreatment value for more than a year. Serum beta 2M levels decreased (from 3.01 to 2.69 mg/L at 4 weeks, p = 0.01) and reached the lowest l
1346807
AIDS AIDS-Related Complex analogs & derivatives beta 2-Microglobulin Biological Markers Biopterin blood CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes Disease Double-Blind Method Drug Administration Schedule drug effects drug therapy Hiv Hiv-1 HIV Seropositivity Human immunodeficiency immunology infection Leukocyte Count Los Angeles metabolism Neopterin sera seropositive Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. symptomatic therapeutic use therapy treatment United States Zidovudine
H. Z. H. Bass, W.D., Mitsuyasu, R.T., Taylor, J.M.G., Wang, Y.X., Fischl, M.A., Spector, S.A., Richman, D.D., Fahey, J.L. (1992). The effect of zidovudine treatment on serum neopterin and b2-microglobulin levels in mildly symptomatic, HIV type 1 seropositive individuals. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 5(3), 215-221.
Journal Article
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome occurring within 5 years of infection with human immunodeficiency virus type-1: the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
1992
1992
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1560346
The objective of this study is to describe participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) with incident infection due to the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) in whom AIDS developed by March 1990 and within 5 years of seroconversion (group A). Secondly, behavioral, clinical, and immunologic characteristics of these men are compared to those of matched seroconverters remaining AIDS free (group B). Between entry into the MACS (April 1984-March 1985) and July 1989, 345 seronegative homosexual/bisexual men had HIV-1 antibody; of these men, AIDS developed in 32 by March 1990. The Kaplan-Meier estimates of the proportion of men with incident HIV-1 infection with AIDS were 6 months, 0%; 12 months, 1%; 24 months, 3%; and 48 months, 10%. These 32 men engaged in receptive anal intercourse with more partners before (p less than 0.005) and after seroconversion (p less than 0.005) and reported more sexually transmitted disease preseroconversion (p = 0.05) than did group B. These
1560346
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Adult AIDS anal intercourse Antibodies antibody characteristics Chicago clinical cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Comparative Study complications Disease epidemiology Follow-Up Studies Hiv-1 HIV-1 infection Human human immunodeficiency virus Illinois immune immune deficiency immunodeficiency immunology infection MACS Male Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Multicenter Studies progression seroconversion sexual sexual activity study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. United States virus
J. J. Phair, L., Detels, R., Rinaldo, C., Saah, A., Schrager, L., Muñoz, A. (1992). Acquired immune deficiency syndrome occurring within 5 years of infection with human immunodeficiency virus type-1: the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 5(5), 490-496.
Journal Article
Effect of CD4+ cell count measurement variability on staging HIV-1 infection
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1988)
1992
1992
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1355556
A single CD4+ cell count (CD4) measurement is often used to stage HIV-1 infection, decide when to initiate prophylactic therapy and inform patients, and may soon even define AIDS onset. Documentation of the reliability and validity of employing CD4 for the above purposes in a population-based setting is needed. We utilized data from 4,954 homosexual/bisexual men followed over 6 years, with CD4 testing at 6 month intervals, to study the timing of CD4-based staging of HIV-1 disease and quantify and evaluate the potential impact of CD4 measurement error. The median time from seroconversion to first CD4 test below 500 x 10(6)/L or clinical AIDS was 1.70 years, and the first CD4 test below 200 x 10(6)/L or clinical AIDs was 5.29 years. The time from first testing less than 500 x 10(6)/L to clinical AIDS in untreated men was 5.55 years. With confirmatory retesting, these times were significantly lengthened. The 95% confidence ranges for the true CD4 state in individuals with measured CD4 of
1355556
Adult *CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes Cohort Studies HIV Infections/*blood *hiv-1 Humans Leukocyte Count Male
D. R. G. Hoover, N. M., Chen, B., Taylor, J. M., Phair, J., Zhou, S. Y., Munoz, A. (1992). Effect of CD4+ cell count measurement variability on staging HIV-1 infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1988), 5(8), 794-802.
Journal Article
Longitudinal study of homosexual couples discordant for HIV-1 antibodies in the Baltimore MACS Study
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1988)
1992
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1453331
Thirty-six sexually active couples serologically discordant for human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV-1), within the Baltimore Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) were assessed to determine whether evidence of HIV-1 infection could be detected in the HIV-1-antibody-negative partners and whether factors associated with lack of transmission of HIV from the seropositive to the seronegative partner could be ascertained. Six HIV-1 seropositive couples and 18 seronegative couples were followed concurrently for comparison. None of the seropositive subjects had an AIDS-defining illness at entry into the study, and all subjects were followed for 1 year. A separate evaluation of unprotected anal receptive and insertive intercourse between discordant couples indicated high-risk activities for a median of 40 months, as reported by the HIV seropositive partner. Despite this finding, none of the HIV-1 seronegative men in discordant couples had evidence of HIV-1 infection by viral culture, p24 a
1453331
Adult Cohort Studies HIV Antibodies/*blood HIV Seropositivity/*transmission *Homosexuality Humans Longitudinal Studies Male Prospective Studies Sexual Behavior *Sexual Partners
J. F. Palenicek, R., Margolick, J., Farzadegan, H., Hoover, D., Odaka, N., Rubb, S., Armenian, H., Harris, J., Saah, A. J. (1992). Longitudinal study of homosexual couples discordant for HIV-1 antibodies in the Baltimore MACS Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1988), 5(12), 1204-11.
Journal Article
The significance of western blot assays indeterminate for antibody to HIV in a cohort of homosexual/bisexual men. The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1988)
1992
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1453328
The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and significance of nondiagnostic Western blot (WB) assays in homosexual/bisexual men at risk of infection with HIV-1. The presence of a positive enzyme-linked antibody assay (EIA) confirmed by a positive WB was used as evidence of infection and seroconversion. Indeterminate WB assays were defined as reactions to only one viral gene product of HIV-1. Three analyses were conducted to (a) determine the frequency of such reactions in men who, during a 4-year period, did not develop diagnostic serologic reactions; (b) determine, retrospectively, the preseroconversion frequency of indeterminate WB assays in 286 men who seroconverted; and (c) evaluate in vitro production of specific antibody by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as a method of indicating whether or not an indeterminate WB assay represents HIV-1 infection. Reactions to products of gag, pol, or env were noted in 8.0, 4.0, and 6.7% of 1,595 first-visit tests of
1453328
*Bisexuality Blotting, Western/*methods CD4 Antigens/analysis Cohort Studies Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods Gene Products, env/immunology Gene Products, gag/immunology Gene Products, pol/immunology Genes, Viral Genes, env Genes, gag Genes, pol HIV Antibodies/*blood HIV Seropositivity/*blood/immunology *HIV-1/genetics *Homosexuality Humans Male T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
J. H. Phair, D., Huprikar, J., Detels, R., Kaslow, R., Rinaldo, C., Saah, A. (1992). The significance of western blot assays indeterminate for antibody to HIV in a cohort of homosexual/bisexual men. The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1988), 5(10), 988-92.
Journal Article
Influence of HIV-1 infection and cigarette smoking on leukocyte profiles in homosexual men. The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1988)
1992
1992
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1403643
The interaction between the effects of HIV-1 infection and cigarette smoking on leukocyte profiles was studied in 307 HIV-1 seroconverters in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Longitudinal data for white blood cell (WBC) counts, WBC differentials, T cell subsets, and smoking behavior were collected semiannually for up to 7 years. Prior to seroconversion, total WBC count increased in direct proportion to daily cigarette consumption, but this effect disappeared within 3 years of seroconversion. Analyses of WBC subsets (lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes) and lymphocyte subsets (CD4+, CD8+ and non-T[CD3-]) showed that smoking had only minor effects on the proportions of these cells. In contrast, HIV-1 seroconversion was associated with a dramatic decrease in CD4+ lymphocyte percentage, a large increase in CD8+ lymphocyte percentage, a small increase in total lymphocyte percentage, and small decreases in the non-T lymphocyte and granulocyte percentages. These findings indicat
1403643
CD4-CD8 Ratio Cohort Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic Granulocytes/cytology HIV Antibodies/blood HIV Infections/blood/*immunology *hiv-1 Homosexuality Humans *Leukocyte Count Longitudinal Studies Lymphocyte Subsets *Lymphocytes Male Monocytes/cytology Regression Analysis Smoking/blood/*immunology
L. P. M. Park, J. B., Giorgi, J. V., Ferbas, J., Bauer, K., Kaslow, R., Munoz, A. (1992). Influence of HIV-1 infection and cigarette smoking on leukocyte profiles in homosexual men. The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1988), 5(11), 1124-30.
Journal Article
Comparison of three nonradioisotopic polymerase chain reaction-based methods for detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1
J Clin Microbiol
1992
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1572969
Three nonradioisotopic polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based detection techniques were evaluated for sensitivity and specificity in detecting human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) proviral DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The Roche prototype HIV-1 PCR assay, the Du Pont enzyme-linked oligonucleotide sandwich assay (ELOSA), and the Gen-Probe hybridization protection assay (HPA) were compared with a standard radioisotopic oligonucleotide solution hybridization (OSH) technique. A panel of 111 well-characterized clinical samples that included peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 48 healthy, low-risk, HIV-1 antibody-negative subjects, 24 antibody-positive subjects with stable CD4 counts of less than 200/mm3, and 39 antibody-positive subjects with stable CD4 counts of greater than 800/mm3 were studied. Each method demonstrated good specificity, ranging between 96 and 100%; those of the OSH and ELOSA (Du Pont) were 100%, those of the HPA (Gen-Probe) were 100% with one probe
10.1128/JCM.30.4.845-853.1992
1572969
PMC265172
Base Sequence DNA Probes DNA, Viral/blood/*genetics Evaluation Studies as Topic HIV Infections/diagnosis/microbiology HIV-1/*genetics/isolation & purification Humans Leukocytes, Mononuclear/microbiology Molecular Sequence Data Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods/statistics & numerical data Proviruses/genetics/isolation & purification Sensitivity and Specificity
A. J. D. Whetsell, J. B., Milman, G., Hoff, R., Dragon, E. A., Adler, K., Hui, J., Otto, P., Gupta, P., Farzadegan, H., et al., (1992). Comparison of three nonradioisotopic polymerase chain reaction-based methods for detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Clin Microbiol, 30(4), 845-53. PMC265172
Journal Article
Enhanced shedding of cytomegalovirus in semen of human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive homosexual men
J Clin Microbiol
1992
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1316365
Site-specific shedding of cytomegalovirus (CMV) was assessed in a longitudinal study of homosexual and bisexual men. At initial testing, CMV was cultured from the semen of 33% (19 of 58) of asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic men who were seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) at the time of entry into the study, whereas it was cultured from the semen of 17% (10 of 58) of the men who were HIV seronegative. CMV was isolated much more frequently from semen than from urine or throat washing specimens, and it was rarely recovered from stool or blood, regardless of the subject's HIV serostatus. CMV was cultured from the semen of 31% (16 of 52) of the men relatively early after seroconversion to HIV (mean, 12.8 months). CMV was persistently isolated from the semen of a greater proportion of the HIV-seropositive men than from the semen of the HIV-seronegative men during a 4.5-year follow-up period (52 of 110 - [47%] and 15 of 58 [26%] men, respectively). There was an increased re
10.1128/JCM.30.5.1148-1155.1992
1316365
PMC265240
Adolescent Adult Cytomegalovirus/*isolation & purification HIV Seropositivity/*microbiology *Homosexuality Humans Male Middle Aged Regression Analysis Semen/*microbiology
C. R. Rinaldo, Jr., Kingsley, L. A., Ho, M., Armstrong, J. A., Zhou, S. Y. (1992). Enhanced shedding of cytomegalovirus in semen of human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive homosexual men. J Clin Microbiol, 30(5), 1148-55. PMC265240
Journal Article
Recent scientific contributions to understanding HIV/AIDS from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
J Epidemiol (Japan)
1992
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jea1991/2/2sup/2_2sup_11/_article/-char/ja/
10.2188/jea.2.2sup_11
AIDS archive Baltimore Chicago Cities cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Los Angeles MACS Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study study
R. P. Detels, J.P., Saah, A.J., Rinaldo, C.R., Jr., Muñoz, A., Kaslow, R.A., Seminara, D., Schrager, L., Vermund, S., Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. (1992). Recent scientific contributions to understanding HIV/AIDS from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. J Epidemiol (Japan), 2(), S11-S19.
Journal Article
CD4+ lymphocyte cell enumeration for prediction of clinical course of human immunodeficiency virus disease: a review
J Infect Dis
1992
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1346152
Over the last 10 years the appreciation of the full breadth of the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has gradually increased; it is now known that AIDS represents merely the end stage of this progressive infectious process. The surrogate marker that most closely correlates with the stage of HIV infection is the CD4+, or T helper, cell count. Because this count is relied on in making important therapeutic decisions, it is of paramount importance that clinicians be cognizant of and fully understand the multiple factors that can influence this parameter: the variability of the count from day to day and from morning to night, the influence of intercurrent viral infections, the influence of drugs. In this AIDS Commentary, Sten H. Vermund and his colleagues at the National Institutes of Health discuss these issues and put the CD4+ cell count into a lucid and practical clinical perspective.
10.1093/infdis/165.2.352
1346152
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*diagnosis/drug therapy/immunology Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use CD4-CD8 Ratio *CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes HIV Antibodies/blood HIV Infections/*diagnosis/drug therapy/immunology Humans Leukocyte Count *T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer
D. S. K. Stein, J. A., Vermund, S. H. (1992). CD4+ lymphocyte cell enumeration for prediction of clinical course of human immunodeficiency virus disease: a review. J Infect Dis, 165(2), 352-63.
Journal Article
Association of antibody to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 core protein (p24), CD4+ lymphocyte number, and AIDS-free time
J Infect Dis
1992
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1358985
Serum antibody to p24 (anti-p24) and p24 antigen, alone and in combination with CD4+ lymphocyte number, were evaluated as predictors of progression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Two hundred six HIV-1-prevalent seropositive men in the Multi-center AIDS Cohort Study since 1984-1985 were studied cross-sectionally and 84 seroconverters were evaluated longitudinally. Cross-sectional analyses revealed significant associations among titer of anti-p24, CD4+ cell count, disease status (Centers for Disease Control class), and progression to AIDS. A high titer of anti-p24 was associated with lack of p24 antigenemia. Longitudinal studies of seroconverters demonstrated that a low titer of anti-p24, low CD4+ cell count, and detection of HIV-1 p24 antigen are individually strong predictors of AIDS, but only low CD4+ cell count retains its independent predictive value in multivariate analysis of the three markers during the period immediately after infection with HIV-1.
10.1093/infdis/166.6.1217
1358985
Analysis of Variance *CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes Cohort Studies Cross-Sectional Studies HIV Antibodies/*blood HIV Core Protein p24/blood/*immunology HIV Infections/*immunology HIV-1/*immunology Humans Leukocyte Count Longitudinal Studies Male Multicenter Studies as Topic Multivariate Analysis Prospective Studies
H. C. Farzadegan, J. S., Odaka, N., Ward, L., Poggensee, L., Saah, A., Phair, J. P. (1992). Association of antibody to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 core protein (p24), CD4+ lymphocyte number, and AIDS-free time. J Infect Dis, 166(6), 1217-22.
Journal Article
Cell-mediated immune response to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 in seronegative homosexual men with recent sexual exposure to HIV-1
J Infect Dis
1992
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1533867
Although human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 infection is efficiently transmitted by sexual intercourse, some individuals whose sexual behavior places them at extremely high risk for infection have nevertheless remained HIV-1-seronegative. An investigation was undertaken to determine whether such individuals have circulating T helper cells that are sensitized to HIV-1. Five very high risk men who had recent sexual exposure to HIV-1 were studied. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from all 5 produced interleukin (IL)-2 in culture in response to synthetic amphipathic HIV-1 envelope peptides. One of the 5 high-risk men has subsequently seroconverted, while 4 have remained seronegative. All were initially culture-negative, and those who have remained seronegative were also virus-negative by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing 10 months after they were first studied. These results demonstrate that a cell-mediated immune response to HIV-1 can be detected in the absence of a humoral
10.1093/infdis/165.6.1012
1533867
Amino Acid Sequence Base Sequence Cohort Studies DNA, Viral/analysis District of Columbia HIV Antigens/chemistry/immunology HIV Infections/*immunology/transmission HIV-1/genetics/*immunology *Homosexuality Humans Immunity, Cellular Interleukin-2/biosynthesis Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology Los Angeles Male Molecular Sequence Data Oligonucleotide Probes/chemistry Polymerase Chain Reaction Risk Factors Sexually Transmitted Diseases/*immunology/transmission T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/*immunology
M. G. Clerici, J. V., Chou, C. C., Gudeman, V. K., Zack, J. A., Gupta, P., Ho, H. N., Nishanian, P. G., Berzofsky, J. A., Shearer, G. M. (1992). Cell-mediated immune response to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 in seronegative homosexual men with recent sexual exposure to HIV-1. J Infect Dis, 165(6), 1012-9.
Journal Article
Optimism, coping, psychological distress, and high-risk sexual behavior among men at risk for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
J Pers Soc Psychol
1992
Sep-92
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1403625
In a cohort of gay men responding to the threat of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), dispositional optimism was associated with less distress, less avoidant coping, positive attitudes as a coping strategy, and fewer AIDS-related concerns. Men who knew they were seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were significantly more optimistic about not developing AIDS than men who knew they were seronegative for HIV. This AIDS-specific optimism was related to higher perceived control over AIDS and to active coping among seropositive men only and to health behaviors in both serostatus groups. There was no relation of optimism to risk-related sexual behavior. It is concluded that optimism is psychologically adaptive without necessarily compromising health behavior. It is also concluded that it is useful to distinguish between event-based optimistic expectations and dispositional optimism
10.1037//0022-3514.63.3.460
1403625
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Adaptation,Psychological AIDS AIDS Serodiagnosis AIDS-related Attitude to Health behavior Bisexuality cohort control coping gay men health Health Behavior health behaviors high-risk Hiv HIV Seropositivity Homosexuality Human human immunodeficiency virus immunodeficiency Knowledge,Attitudes,Practice Los Angeles Male Personality Inventory prevention & control psychological psychology Risk Risk Factors seronegative seropositive serostatus Sex Behavior sexual sexual behavior Support,U.S.Gov't,Non-P.H.S. Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. transmission United States virus
S. E. K. Taylor, M.E., Aspinwall, L.G., Schneider, S.G., Rodriguez, R., Herbert, M. (1992). Optimism, coping, psychological distress, and high-risk sexual behavior among men at risk for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). J Pers Soc Psychol, 63(3), 460-473.
Journal Article
A non-radioisotopic reverse transcriptase assay using biotin-11-deoxyuridinetriphosphate on primer-immobilized microtiter plates
J Virol Methods
1992
Nov-92
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1280640
We developed a non-radioisotopic (non-RI) reverse transcriptase assay (RTA). The reverse transcriptase (RT) incorporates biotin-11- deoxyuridine-triphosphate (bio-dUTP) using a poly(rA) template hybridized with oligo(dT) primer that is immobilized on the surface of a 96-well microtiter plate. This assay is thus semi-automated by adapting it to an ELISA testing format. The incorporation of bio-dUTP was enhanced by adding cold dTTP to the reaction mixture, optimally in a molar ratio 4:1 (dTTP:bio-dUTP). This non-RI RTA is more sensitive than the conventional RI assay for the detection of purified Rous- associated virus 2 (RAV-2) and of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) lysate. Because of its simple procedure, higher sensitivity and non-use of RI materials, the assay can be utilized not only for virological studies but also for routine safety screening of biological products for retroviral contamination
10.1016/0166-0934(92)90063-j
1280640
analogs & derivatives analysis assay Biotin Deoxyuracil Nucleotides Dna enzymology Hiv-1 Hiv-2 Human human immunodeficiency virus immunodeficiency isolation & purification Japan Leukosis Virus,Avian methods microbiology Myeloblastosis Virus,Avian Netherlands Oligodeoxyribonucleotides Poly A Retroviridae RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase Safety screening Sensitivity and Specificity study Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Templates testing virology virus
T. S. Urabe, K., Tanno, M., Mizoguchi, J., Otani, M., Lee, M.H., Takasaki, T., Kusakabe, H., Imagawa, D.T., Nakai, M. (1992). A non-radioisotopic reverse transcriptase assay using biotin-11-deoxyuridinetriphosphate on primer-immobilized microtiter plates. J Virol Methods, 40(2), 145-154.
Journal Article
The effect of changing the definition of AIDS on the modeling of AIDS
JAMA
1992
27-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1578587
10.1001/jama.267.20.2737
1578587
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/classification/*epidemiology Homosexuality/statistics & numerical data Humans Male Models, Statistical Prevalence Terminology as Topic
D. R. T. Hoover, J. M., Black, C. A., Munoz, A., Saah, A. J., Chmiel, J. S., Kingsley, L. (1992). The effect of changing the definition of AIDS on the modeling of AIDS. JAMA, 267(20), 2737-8.
Journal Article
Introduction. Section D. 'Immune cell phenotyping by flow cytometry'
Manual of Clinical Laboratory Immunology
1992
clinical Flow Cytometry immune immunology Laboratories manual phenotyping
Book Section
Immunodeficiency and infectious diseases
Manual of Clinical Laboratory Immunology
1992
AIDS clinical Disease Flow Cytometry Hiv-1 immunodeficiency immunology infectious diseases Laboratories Lymphocyte Subsets manual
Book Section
Cytolytic cell functions
Manual of Clinical Laboratory Immunology
1992
clinical Cytokines cytotoxicity histocompatibility immunology Laboratories manual t lymphocytes t-cells TNF-a
Book Section
HIV-1 from a seronegative transplant donor
N Engl J Med
1992
20-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1635574
Results: The study included 3692 women in the early cohort and 1182 women in the recent cohort. Syphilis prevalence at enrolment was 7.5% and 3.7% in each cohort, respectively (p<0.01). In adjusted models for the early cohort, factors associated with syphilis included age, black race, low income, hepatitis C seropositivity, drug use, HIV infection and >100 lifetime sex partners (all p<0.05). In the recent cohort, age (adjusted prevalence OR (aPOR) 0.2, 95% CI 0.1 to 0.6 for 30-39 years; aPOR 0.5, 95% CI 0.2 to 1.0 for 40-49 years vs ≥50 years), hepatitis C seropositivity (aPOR 2.1, 95% CI 1.0 to 4.1) and problem alcohol use (aPOR 2.2, 95% CI 1.1 to 4.4) were associated with infection.
10.1056/NEJM199208203270813
1635574
AIDS Serodiagnosis/methods Blood Donors HIV Infections/*transmission *HIV Seropositivity *hiv-1 Humans *Tissue Donors
M. B. Clerici, J. A., Shearer, G. M., Giorgi, J. V., Tacket, C. (1992). HIV-1 from a seronegative transplant donor. N Engl J Med, 327(8), 564-5.
Journal Article
The effects on survival of early treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection
N Engl J Med
1992
16-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1347907
BACKGROUND: Zidovudine has been shown to prolong survival in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and, in persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection but not AIDS, to delay the progression to AIDS. However, it is still uncertain whether treatment before the development of AIDS prolongs survival. METHODS: We analyzed data from a cohort of 2162 high-risk men who were already seropositive for HIV type 1 (HIV-1) and 406 men who seroconverted from October 1986 through April 1991. There were 306 deaths. The probabilities of death were compared among men at similar stages of disease who began zidovudine therapy before the diagnosis of AIDS and among those who did not. Relative risks of death were calculated for each of five initial disease states on the basis of CD4+ cell counts and clinical symptoms and signs appearing over follow-up periods of 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Adjustments were also made for the use of prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pne
10.1056/NEJM199204163261601
1347907
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes Cohort Studies Follow-Up Studies HIV Infections/drug therapy/*mortality Humans Leukocyte Count Male Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/prevention & control Time Factors Zidovudine/*therapeutic use
N. M. Z. Graham, S. L., Park, L. P., Vermund, S. H., Detels, R., Rinaldo, C. R., Phair, J. P. (1992). The effects on survival of early treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection. N Engl J Med, 326(16), 1037-42.
Journal Article
Psychoneuroimmunology
Neuroendocrinology
1992
Cytokines Immune System Nervous System Psychoneuroimmunology
Book Section
Patterns of cerebral atrophy in HIV-1-infected individuals: results of a quantitative MRI analysis
Neurology
1992
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1436522
Cerebral atrophy is a common radiologic manifestation of HIV dementia. To evaluate the relationship between cognitive impairment and cerebral atrophy, adjusting for age and immune status, we used standardized planimetry to measure the ventricle-brain ratio (VBR) and the bifrontal (BFR) and bicaudate (BCR) ratios, three measures of cerebral atrophy. We analyzed cranial MRIs of 23 HIV-1-seronegative controls (SN) and 116 HIV-1-infected individuals. Of the HIV-1-seropositive individuals, 37 had HIV dementia (DM group), 40 had neurologic or neuropsychological abnormalities insufficient for HIV dementia (NP+ group), and 39 were neurologically normal (NML group). We performed comparisons using analysis of covariance with correction for multiple comparisons. Both the VBR, a general measure of overall cerebral atrophy, and the BCR, a measure of atrophy in the region of the caudate nucleus, are significantly associated with dementia. The association is stronger for BCR enlargement than for VBR
10.1212/wnl.42.11.2125
1436522
AIDS Dementia Complex/pathology Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/pathology Adult Analysis of Variance Atrophy/pathology Brain/*pathology Cerebral Ventricles/pathology Female HIV Infections/*pathology *hiv-1 Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Middle Aged
G. J. M. Dal Pan, J. H., Aylward, E., Selnes, O. A., Nance-Sproson, T. E., Kumar, A. J., Mellits, E. D., McArthur, J. C. (1992). Patterns of cerebral atrophy in HIV-1-infected individuals: results of a quantitative MRI analysis. Neurology, 42(11), 2125-30.
Journal Article
The diagnostic utility of elevation in cerebrospinal fluid beta 2-microglobulin in HIV-1 dementia. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
Neurology
1992
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1355286
We measured serum and CSF beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2M) levels in HIV-1 seropositive individuals with and without dementia to determine the frequency and diagnostic utility of elevation of CSF beta 2M. We compared 34 samples from 27 patients with HIV-1 dementia with 110 samples from 54 HIV-1 seropositive participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, none of whom had progressive dementia. Neurosyphilis and CNS opportunistic processes were excluded in all subjects. We stratified the nondemented subjects by duration of HIV seropositivity and peripheral blood CD4 count. Compared with the nondemented group, demented subjects had significantly higher CSF total protein, IgG%, and CSF albumin/serum albumin ratios. A highly significant association was found between elevated CSF beta 2M and reduced CD4 count (p less than 0.0001). No significant differences were noted between the demented and nondemented groups in CSF WBC count or in the frequency of CSF HIV-1 isolation. The mean CSF beta 2
10.1212/wnl.42.9.1707
1355286
AIDS Dementia Complex/blood/*cerebrospinal fluid Analysis of Variance Biomarkers/cerebrospinal fluid CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins/*metabolism Cohort Studies *hiv-1 Humans Leukocyte Count Linear Models Male Predictive Value of Tests Sensitivity and Specificity beta 2-Microglobulin/*cerebrospinal fluid/metabolism
J. C. N.-S. McArthur, T. E., Griffin, D. E., Hoover, D., Selnes, O. A., Miller, E. N., Margolick, J. B., Cohen, B. A., Farzadegan, H., Saah, A. (1992). The diagnostic utility of elevation in cerebrospinal fluid beta 2-microglobulin in HIV-1 dementia. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Neurology, 42(9), 1707-12.
Journal Article
Asymptomatic HIV infection does not cause EEG abnormalities: results from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS)
Neurology
1992
Jun-92
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1304725
We conducted EEG testing in 200 asymptomatic homosexual men, half of whom were HIV seropositive. We chose to include half of the subjects because they were rated as impaired on a neuropsychological screening test. We used both traditional visual EEG interpretation and quantitative EEG analysis. Abnormal EEGs and borderline degrees of EEG slowing occurred in 32% of these men. These EEG changes were not related to HIV serostatus. EEG changes did correlate with the impaired neuropsychological test performance. Clinicians faced with abnormal EEG results or borderline EEG slowing in an asymptomatic HIV-seropositive patient should not attribute the EEG change to effects of the serostatus itself but should look for other causes
10.1212/wnl.42.6.1214
1304725
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome AIDS analysis clinical cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Electroencephalography Hiv HIV infection HIV Infections HIV Seropositivity homosexual homosexual men Human infection Los Angeles MACS Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Multicenter Studies Neuropsychological Tests physiopathology psychology seropositive serostatus study Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. United States
M. R. M. Nuwer, E.N., Visscher, B.R., Niedermeyer, E., Packwood, J.W., Carlson, L.G., Satz, P., Jankel, W., McArthur, J.C. (1992). Asymptomatic HIV infection does not cause EEG abnormalities: results from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Neurology, 42(6), 1214-1219.
Journal Article
Hand preference, immune system disorder and cognitive function among gay/bisexual men: The multicenter aids cohort study (MACS)
Neuropsychologia
1992
Mar
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1574159/
This study evaluated the self-reported patterns of handedness among a large subsample (n = 1612) of the gay/bisexual men comprising the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). There was a small but significant elevation in left-handedness among gay/bisexual men compared to available normative data. However, there were no differences within the cohort in measures of immune function, self-reported autoimmune disorders, asthma, or hay fever, although there was an association between handedness and allergy. Performance on neuropsychological tests also did not differ as a function of handedness.
10.1016/0028-3932(92)90002-4
1574159
left-handedness lupus-erythematosus laterality shift homosexual men association disease
J. T. B. Becker, Sue M., Dew, Mary Amanda, Kingsley, Lawrence, Selnes, Ola A., Sheridan, Kathleen (1992). Hand preference, immune system disorder and cognitive function among gay/bisexual men: The multicenter aids cohort study (MACS). Neuropsychologia, 30(3), 229-235.
Journal Article
Guidelines for disclosing HIV-antibody test results to clients
Nurse Pract
1992
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1538838
Because of new preventive therapies, HIV-antibody testing of asymptomatic individuals now has clear clinical benefits. Consequently, greater numbers of individuals are expected to seek testing. This article, based on the authors' experiences with disclosing HIV-antibody test results to a high-risk group of men, makes recommendations for how best to present HIV-antibody results. Disclosing HIV-antibody results provides an educational opportunity as well as a psychological challenge for clinicians. Some unusual client reactions are detailed in the case studies.
1538838
Adult HIV Infections/*diagnosis/nursing/psychology *hiv-1 Humans Male Middle Aged Nurse Practitioners/standards Patient Education as Topic/*standards *Truth Disclosure
R. C. S. Witt, A. J., Rinaldo, C. R., Jr., Lyter, D. W. (1992). Guidelines for disclosing HIV-antibody test results to clients. Nurse Pract, 17(1), 55, 59, 63.
Journal Article
Weight changes in HIV-1 seropositive and seronegative homosexual men
Nutrition Research
1992
Mar
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0271531705807468
We studied weight changes in a cohort of 1153 seropositive and seronegative gay/bisexual men followed since 1984. When compared to normative U.S. data, HIV-1 seronegative men gained weight at a rate faster than expected during the study period (0.62 Kg/year; p < 0.0001 by paired t-test). This gain was observed in all age groups and was seasonal with men gaining a mean of 0.66 Kg from summer to winter and loosing a mean of 0.05 Kg from winter to summer (p < 0.0001; paired t-test). A similar and statistically significant pattern of weight gain was seen in HIV-1 seropositive men that have not yet developed AIDS. In contrast, HIV- 1 seroconverters lost a mean of 0.80 Kg during the 6 months prior to the visit at which seroconversion was first noted (p < 0.01; sign test). Men developing AIDS lost a mean of 0.70 Kg (p < 0.05; paired t-test), 1.01 Kg (p < 0.05; paired t-test), and 1.45 Kg at 3, 2 and 1 semesters prior to AIDS, respectively. These findings (i) confirm anecdotal reports of recen
10.1016/s0271-5317(05)80746-8
9803967
hiv-1 infection aids weight changes homosexual men nutrition classification definition infection cohort aids
D. R. G. Hoover, Neil M. H., Palenicek, John G., Bacellar, Helena, Saah, Alfred J. (1992). Weight changes in HIV-1 seropositive and seronegative homosexual men. Nutrition Research, 12(3), 297-305.
Journal Article
Introduction of multiple restriction enzyme sites by in vitro mutagenesis using the polymerase chain reaction
PCR Methods Appl
1992
May-92
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1335813
10.1101/gr.1.4.277
1335813
Base Sequence chemistry Dna DNA Restriction Enzymes Genes,env genetics Hiv-1 In Vitro Molecular Sequence Data Mutagenesis pathology Pennsylvania Pittsburgh Polymerase Chain Reaction Substrate Specificity Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. United States
B. B. Shankarappa, R., Gupta, P., Ehrlich, G.D. (1992). Introduction of multiple restriction enzyme sites by in vitro mutagenesis using the polymerase chain reaction. PCR Methods Appl, 1(4), 277-278.
Journal Article
Immune abnormalities and control of AIDS
Progress in Allergy and Clinical Immunology
1992
AIDS clinical control immune immunology
Book Section
Substance use and sexual behavior among homosexual men at risk for HIV infection: Psychosocial moderators
Psychology & Health
1992
1992
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08870449208403156
Sexual practices continue to be the major mode of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) transmission within the homosexual population. Failure to use condoms consistently during anal intercourse has been directly associated with use of alcohol and other substances. We identify psychosocial cofactors that are not only related to sexual practices, but are also associated with an increased likelihood that substance users will engage in high-risk sex. Subjects were 525 men enrolled at the Pittsburgh site of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study in 1989. Alcohol use and popper use were each significantly associated with high-risk sexual practices (i.e., unprotected anal intercourse with multiple partners), even after a broad array of psychosocial characteristics were controlled. In addition, younger men, and those with greater family support and a higher sense of mastery, were more likely to engage in risky behavior. Not only did such "main effects" emerge, but the substance use-sexual practice re
10.1080/08870449208403156
hiv sexual behavior substance use psychosocial moderators multicenter aids cohort human-immunodeficiency-virus drug-use alcohol stress health gay
S. D. Davidson, Mary Amanda, Penkower, Lili, Becker, James T., Kingsley, Lawrence, Sullivan, Patrick F. (1992). Substance use and sexual behavior among homosexual men at risk for HIV infection: Psychosocial moderators. Psychology & Health, 7(4), 259-272.
Journal Article
Human-Immunodeficiency-Virus Infection Is Not Associated with Reiters-Syndrome - Data from 3 Large Cohort Studies
Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America
1992
Feb
https://europepmc.org/article/med/1561407
The cohorts presented are the largest available and the only ones for which suitable controls exist. They suggest that RS occurs in less than 1% of individuals infected with HIV. Additionally, infection with HIV is no independently associated with RS. Rather, previously described arthritogenic agents are implicated
acquired-immunodeficiency hiv-infection rheumatic manifestations arthritis pathogenesis mechanisms induction
M. R. S. Clark, A. M., Hochberg, M. C. (1992). Human-Immunodeficiency-Virus Infection Is Not Associated with Reiters-Syndrome - Data from 3 Large Cohort Studies. Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America, 18(1), 267-276.
Journal Article
Infection of Macaca nemestrina by human immunodeficiency virus type-1
Science
1992
3-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1621083
After observations that Macaca nemestrina were exceptionally susceptible to simian immunodeficiency virus and human immunodeficiency virus type-2 (HIV-2), studies of HIV-1 replication were initiated. Several strains of HIV-1, including a recent patient isolate, replicated in vitro in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and in CD4-positive M. nemestrina lymphocytes in a CD4-dependent fashion. Eight animals were subsequently inoculated with either cell-associated or cell-free suspensions of HIV-1. All animals had HIV-1 isolated by cocultivation, had HIV-1 DNA in their PBMCs as shown by polymerase chain reaction, and experienced sustained seroconversion to a broad spectrum of HIV-1 proteins. Macaca nemestrina is an animal model of HIV-1 infections that provides opportunities for evaluating the pathogenesis of acute HIV-1 replication and candidate vaccines and therapies.
10.1126/science.1621083
1621083
Animals Base Sequence CD4 Antigens/physiology Cysteine/metabolism Databases, Factual *Genes, gag HIV Infections/*physiopathology HIV Seropositivity HIV-1/isolation & purification/pathogenicity/*physiology Humans Lymphocytes/immunology/physiology Macaca nemestrina/*microbiology Methionine/metabolism Molecular Sequence Data Oligodeoxyribonucleotides Oligonucleotide Probes Viral Proteins/biosynthesis/isolation & purification *Virus Replication
M. B. F. Agy, L. R., Corey, L., Coombs, R. W., Wolinsky, S. M., Koehler, J., Morton, W. R., Katze, M. G. (1992). Infection of Macaca nemestrina by human immunodeficiency virus type-1. Science, 257(5066), 103-6.
Journal Article
Selective transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 variants from mothers to infants
Science
1992
28-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1546316
Multiple human immunodeficiency virus type-1 sequences from the V3 and V4-V5 regions of the envelope gene were analyzed from three mother-infant pairs. The infants' viral sequences were less diverse than those of their mothers. In two pairs, a proviral form infrequently found in the mother predominated in her infant. A conserved N-linked glycosylation site within the V3 region, present in each mother's sequence set, was absent in all of the infants' sequence sets. These findings demonstrate that a minor subset of maternal virus is transmitted to the infant.
10.1126/science.1546316
1546316
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/congenital/microbiology/*transmission Amino Acid Sequence Base Sequence Female Genotype Glycosylation HIV Antigens/genetics HIV Envelope Protein gp120/genetics/immunology HIV-1/*genetics/immunology Humans Infant Maternal-Fetal Exchange Molecular Sequence Data Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/chemistry Polymerase Chain Reaction Pregnancy Selection, Genetic Sequence Alignment
S. M. W. Wolinsky, C. M., Korber, B. T., Hutto, C., Parks, W. P., Rosenblum, L. L., Kunstman, K. J., Furtado, M. R., Munoz, J. L. (1992). Selective transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 variants from mothers to infants. Science, 255(5048), 1134-7.
Journal Article
Estimation of time since exposure for a prevalent cohort
Stat Med
1992
May-92
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1351308
In natural history studies of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV- 1) infection a substantial proportion of participants are seropositive at time of enrollment in the study. These participants form a prevalent subcohort. Estimation of the unknown times since exposure to HIV-1 in the prevalent subcohort is of primary importance for estimation of the incubation time of AIDS. The subset of the cohort that tested negative for antibody to HIV-1 at study entry and was observed to seroconvert forms the incident subcohort that provides longitudinal data on markers of maturity (that is, duration) of infection. We use parametric life table regression models incorporating truncation to describe the conditional distribution (imputing model) of the times since seroconversion given a vector of the markers of maturity. Using the fitted model and the values of the markers of maturity of infection provided by the seroprevalent subcohort at entry into the study, we can impute the unknown times sinc
10.1002/sim.4780110711
1351308
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome AIDS Antibodies antibody Baltimore blood CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes Cities cohort Cohort Studies complications Confidence Intervals epidemiology etiology Hiv HIV Seropositivity HIV Seroprevalence Hiv-1 Human human immunodeficiency virus immunodeficiency infection Life Tables Likelihood Functions Logistic Models longitudinal longitudinal data marker markers model natural history Platelet Count seroconversion seropositive study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. Time Factors virus
A. C. Muñoz, V., Taylor, J.M.G., Chmiel, J.S., Kingsley, L., Van Raden, M., Hoover, D.R. (1992). Estimation of time since exposure for a prevalent cohort. Stat Med, 11(7), 939-952.
Journal Article
Progression of HIV-infection: markers or determinants
Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc
1992
1992
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1364186
1364186
PMC2376617
Antigens Biological Markers blood CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes Chicago Cohort Studies epidemiology etiology HIV infection HIV Infections HIV Seropositivity Hiv-1 HLA Antigens Human Leukocyte Count Male marker markers progression Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. Time Factors United States
J. P. F. Phair, H., Chmiel, J., Muñoz, A., Detels, R., Saah, A., Kaslow, R. (1992). Progression of HIV-infection: markers or determinants. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc, 104(), 123-129. PMC2376617
Journal Article
The second century of the antibody. Molecular perspectives in regulation, pathophysiology, and therapeutic applications
West J Med
1992
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1441467
The modern age of immunology began in 1890 with the discovery of antibodies as a major component of protective immunity. The 2nd century of the antibody begins with a focus on the molecular physiology and pathophysiology of immunoglobulin production. Numerous human variable-region antibody genes have been identified through advances in molecular cloning and anti-variable-region monoclonal antibodies. Some of these variable-region genes are now known to be involved in specific stages of B-lymphocyte differentiation and immune development. This connection has yielded new insights into the pathogenesis of immune dyscrasias and lymphoid neoplasia; common variable immunodeficiency and cryoglobulinemia are highlighted here. The molecular regulation of immunoglobulin expression suggests new targets for pathogenesis and clinical intervention. Finally, genetically engineered antibodies offer novel opportunities for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
1441467
PMC1011237
Agammaglobulinemia/immunology Antibodies/genetics/*physiology B-Lymphocytes/physiology Genetic Engineering Humans Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains/immunology Lipopolysaccharides/immunology
J. S. Braun, A., Wall, R., Morrison, S. L. (1992). The second century of the antibody. Molecular perspectives in regulation, pathophysiology, and therapeutic applications. West J Med, 157(2), 158-68. PMC1011237
Journal Article
Absence of a clinical correlation for complement-mediated, infection-enhancing antibodies in plasma or sera from HIV-1-infected individuals. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Group
AIDS
1991
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1863402
Neutralizing and complement-mediated infection-enhancing antibodies to HIV-1 were measured in sera or plasma from 54 HIV-1-positive individuals at various stages of disease, and from an additional 36 HIV-1-positive individuals for whom no clinical data were available. Antibodies were measured in microtiter infection assays utilizing MT-2 cells and the IIIB strain of HIV-1. The frequency of detection of both types of antibodies was identical, being 77 out of 90 cases (86%). Neutralizing and infection-enhancing antibodies were not always found together, and in four cases both were undetectable. No correlation was found between titers of either type of antibody and stage of disease. Furthermore, titers of infection-enhancing antibodies at early stages of disease did not predict rate of disease progression.
10.1097/00002030-199105000-00006
1863402
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology Cell Line Complement System Proteins/*immunology HIV Antibodies/blood/*immunology HIV Infections/*immunology HIV-1/*immunology Humans Neutralization Tests
D. C. L. Montefiori, L. B., Jr., Keller, R. E., Holmberg, V., Sandstrom, E., Phair, J. P. (1991). Absence of a clinical correlation for complement-mediated, infection-enhancing antibodies in plasma or sera from HIV-1-infected individuals. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Group. AIDS, 5(5), 513-7.
Journal Article
Applications of a computer simulation model of the natural history of CD4 T-cell number in HIV-infected individuals
AIDS
1991
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1674418
Data from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) of 1637 gay men, recruited in 1984 and 1985 in Los Angeles and followed at 6-monthly intervals, are used to develop a computer simulation model of the typical pattern of CD4 T-cell number changes in HIV-infected AIDS-free subjects. The empirical model incorporates the following features: (1) within-person and between-person variability in CD4 measurements; (2) variation in the rates of decline of CD4 values; (3) variation in the level of CD4 at which clinical AIDS is diagnosed, and (4) greater absolute variation in CD4 values in men with high CD4 levels compared with men with low CD4 values. Three applications of the model to assist in the design and interpretation of clinical trials are given. Further applications to clinical trials and to estimate the current and future spectrum of HIV-mediated immunological disease in the USA, as measured by the CD4 values, are discussed.
10.1097/00002030-199102000-00005
1674418
Biomarkers *CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes Cohort Studies *Computer Simulation HIV Infections/blood/complications/*immunology HIV Seropositivity/blood/immunology Humans Immune System Diseases/etiology/immunology Leukocyte Count Male Mathematics Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Regression Analysis Sampling Studies Time Factors
J. M. T. Taylor, S. J., Detels, R., Giorgi, J. V. (1991). Applications of a computer simulation model of the natural history of CD4 T-cell number in HIV-infected individuals. AIDS, 5(2), 159-67.
Journal Article
Serum soluble CD8 molecule is a marker of CD8 T-cell activation in HIV- 1 disease
AIDS
1991
Jul-91
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1909873
To characterize CD8 T-cell activation during HIV-1 infection we measured serum soluble CD8 (sCD8) levels longitudinally in seroconverters and in individuals with established HIV infection who were in different stages of illness. CD8 T-cell activation occurs very early in HIV infection. Serum sCD8 levels were elevated in 91.5% of the first seropositive samples in seroconverters. Furthermore, CD8 T-cell activation persists throughout HIV infection. sCD8 predicted the occurrence of AIDS in HIV-seropositive individuals and so the addition of serum sCD8 levels to CD4 T-cell measurements increased the power in predicting the onset of AIDS. The serum level of sCD8 was particularly relevant to the prediction of subsequent CD4 T-cell fall relatively early in infection, for example, in the 3 years after seroconversion. However, later in HIV infection, for example within 2 years prior to development of AIDS, sCD8 levels were less predictive. sCD8 correlated with levels of beta 2-microglobulin and
10.1097/00002030-199107000-00003
1909873
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome activation AIDS Antigens Antigens,CD8 Antigens,Differentiation,T-Lymphocyte beta 2-Microglobulin Biological Markers blood CD4 CD8 Cohort Studies Comparative Study Disease Hiv HIV infection HIV Infections HIV Seropositivity Hiv-1 HIV-1 infection immunology infection Lymphocyte Subsets Lymphocyte Transformation marker markers measurement Neopterin physiopathology predictor Prognosis research sera seroconversion seropositive Solubility Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. t cell United States
P. H. Nishanian, B., Wang, Y., Jackson, A.L., Detels, R., Fahey, J.L. (1991). Serum soluble CD8 molecule is a marker of CD8 T-cell activation in HIV- 1 disease. AIDS, 5(7), 805-812.
Journal Article
Relapse in sexual behavior among homosexual men: a 2-year follow-up from the Chicago MACS/CCS
AIDS
1991
Jun
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1883547/
Serial biannual cross-sectional assessments of HIV sexual risk indicated a consistent increase in safer sexual practices among homosexual men participating in the Chicago-Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS)/Coping and Change Study (CCS) in 1986-1988. Safer sexual practices were achieved by avoidance of anal sex and less often by consistent use of condoms. Longitudinal patterns of variability in individual behavior were also assessed. After 1 year of follow-up, 530% of the participants maintained safer practices in receptive anal sex, 6% maintained unsafe practices, while 31% relapsed at least once. After 2 years, 45% maintained safer practices, 3% maintained unsafe practices and 47% relapsed at least once. Similar trends were observed in insertive anal sex.
10.1097/00002030-199106000-00018
1883547
homosexual condoms relapse risk aids
S. M. J. Adib, Jill G., Ostrow, David G., Tal, Margalit, Schwartz, Stanley A. (1991). Relapse in sexual behavior among homosexual men: a 2-year follow-up from the Chicago MACS/CCS. AIDS, 5(6), 757-760.
Journal Article
Estimating the 1978-1990 and future spread of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in subgroups of homosexual men
Am J Epidemiol
1991
15-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1746529
The authors studied the historical spread of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in homosexual/bisexual men and projected its future spread in these men using data from an AIDS-free cohort recruited during late 1984 in Baltimore, Maryland; Chicago, Illinois; Los Angeles, California; and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Dates of preentry seroconversion in HIV-1 seroprevalent men were estimated using study entry values of hematologic variables influenced by HIV-1 infection. The authors used survival methods incorporating truncation to determine numbers/dates of seroconversion for men with a pre-1984 AIDS diagnosis who were selectively excluded by design from the 1984 AIDS-free cohort. Overall, the annual seroconversion hazard rose progressively from 0.4% in 1978 to 13.8% in 1983, dropped to 4.6% in 1985, and remained relatively stable at 1.1-2.2% from 1986 to 1990. By January 1990, almost 46% of men who were seronegative in 1978 had seroconverted. The authors estimated histori
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116022
1746529
Adult Age Factors Baltimore/epidemiology Bias Bisexuality/*statistics & numerical data Chicago/epidemiology Cohort Studies Educational Status Ethnic Groups *Forecasting HIV Seropositivity/*epidemiology/mortality HIV Seroprevalence Homosexuality/*statistics & numerical data Humans Los Angeles/epidemiology Male Pennsylvania/epidemiology Proportional Hazards Models Residence Characteristics Survival Analysis
D. R. M. Hoover, A., Carey, V., Chmiel, J. S., Taylor, J. M., Margolick, J. B., Kingsley, L., Vermund, S. H. (1991). Estimating the 1978-1990 and future spread of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in subgroups of homosexual men. Am J Epidemiol, 134(10), 1190-205.
Journal Article
Case investigation in epidemiology
Am J Epidemiol
1991
15-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1746516
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116009
1746516
Causality Clinical Protocols/standards Disease/*etiology Disease Transmission, Infectious *Epidemiologic Methods Humans Medical History Taking *Medical Records Physical Examination Population Surveillance/methods Surveys and Questionnaires
H. K. Armenian (1991). Case investigation in epidemiology. Am J Epidemiol, 134(10), 1067-72.
Journal Article
Antibody to hepatitis C virus among cardiac surgery patients, homosexual men, and intravenous drug users in Baltimore, Maryland
Am J Epidemiol
1991
15-Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1720924
In order to define the risk factors for infection with hepatitis C virus, the authors determined the prevalence and incidence of antibodies to hepatitis C in three cohorts in Baltimore, Maryland, enrolled in prospective studies of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection. Among 500 multi-transfused patients who underwent cardiac surgery in 1985 and 1986, 12 (2.4%) were hepatitis C seropositive before surgery while 19 (3.9%) developed antibodies in the 8-12 months after surgery. The seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus among 225 intravenous drug users followed since 1988 was 85%, which did not vary by HIV-1 status. Longer duration of intravenous drug use was significantly associated with hepatitis C seropositivity. Among 926 homosexual/bisexual men followed since 1984, 15 (1.6%) were hepatitis C seropositive; only intravenous drug use and a history of hepatitis A were marginally associated with hepatitis C in this population. No association was found between hepatitis C virus and H
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116023
1720924
Adult Antibodies, Viral/*analysis Baltimore/epidemiology Cardiac Surgical Procedures/*statistics & numerical data Female Hepatitis Antibodies/*analysis Hepatitis C/complications/*epidemiology/transmission Hepatitis C Antibodies Homosexuality/*statistics & numerical data Humans Incidence Male Middle Aged Prevalence Prospective Studies Risk Factors Seroepidemiologic Studies Substance Abuse, Intravenous/*complications Time Factors *Transfusion Reaction
J. G. N. Donahue, K. E., Munoz, A., Vlahov, D., Rennie, L. L., Taylor, E. L., Saah, A. J., Cohn, S., Odaka, N. J., Farzadegan, H. (1991). Antibody to hepatitis C virus among cardiac surgery patients, homosexual men, and intravenous drug users in Baltimore, Maryland. Am J Epidemiol, 134(10), 1206-11.
Journal Article
Estimating the AIDS incubation period from a prevalent cohort
Am J Epidemiol
1991
15-May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2035505
Data from a cohort study of 177 homosexual or bisexual men enrolled in Los Angeles in 1982 and 1983 are used to estimate the incubation period distribution of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The statistical method used is parametric modeling of the joint distribution of the date of human immunodeficiency virus infection and the time from infection to the onset of AIDS. With this method, the unknown dates of infection and the fact that individuals who developed AIDS prior to the enrollment date are excluded from the sample is taken into account. The estimated proportion of individuals who develop AIDS within 4 years of infection is 0.10 (95% confidence interval 0.05-0.21) and that within 8 years of infection is 0.45 (95% confidence interval 0.30-0.60). These proportions are consistent with those obtained from other cohort studies and through other statistical approaches.
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115814
2035505
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology/*microbiology/physiopathology Confidence Intervals HIV Antibodies/analysis HIV Infections/*microbiology HIV Seropositivity Homosexuality Humans Los Angeles Male Sexual Behavior Statistics as Topic/methods Time Factors
J. M. T. Kuo, J. M., Detels, R. (1991). Estimating the AIDS incubation period from a prevalent cohort. Am J Epidemiol, 133(10), 1050-7.
Journal Article
Temporal trends in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 seroconversion 1984-1989. A report from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS)
Am J Epidemiol
1991
15-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1877593
The 5-year temporal trends in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) seroconversion between 1984 and 1989 among homosexual/bisexual men participating in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) are reported. Of 3,262 initially seronegative men, 368 (11.3%) had seroconverted by December 31, 1989. Although the incidence of seroconversion declined precipitously during the first 3 years of follow-up (from 4.1% to 0.9% per 6 months), no evidence for a further substantial reduction was noted after mid-1987, since 6-month incidence rates ranged between 0.5% and 1.2%. The Chicago cohort experienced an increase in HIV-1 seroconversion during both semesters of 1989; 2.1% and 1.6% per 6 months, respectively, became newly infected. Other MACS centers did not report such an increase. Center-specific differences were observed by race; black men were at higher seroconversion risk than white men in Baltimore/Washington (relative risk (RR) = 3.4) and Chicago (RR = 2.4), while Hispanic men were at
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116094
1877593
Age Factors Baltimore/epidemiology *Bisexuality Chicago/epidemiology Cohort Studies Continental Population Groups HIV Seropositivity/*epidemiology HIV Seroprevalence *hiv-1 *Homosexuality Humans Incidence Los Angeles/epidemiology Male Pennsylvania/epidemiology Regression Analysis Residence Characteristics
L. A. Z. Kingsley, S. Y., Bacellar, H., Rinaldo, C. R., Jr., Chmiel, J., Detels, R., Saah, A., VanRaden, M., Ho, M., Munoz, A. (1991). Temporal trends in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 seroconversion 1984-1989. A report from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Am J Epidemiol, 134(4), 331-9.
Journal Article
Stressful life events and symptom onset in HIV infection
Am J Psychiatry
1991
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1674646
OBJECTIVE: The authors' goal is to provide basic epidemiologic data on the issue of reactivity to stress and HIV symptom onset by studying the relationship between a broad set of naturally occurring stressor events and HIV natural history in a large longitudinal community sample of HIV-seropositive homosexual men. METHOD: Subjects were recruited from a cohort of 1,011 homosexual men enrolled in the Chicago site of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study who also participated in the Coping and Change Study. The men were given self-administered questionnaires assessing behavioral, psychological, and psychosocial variables. Relationships between reports of stressful life events and longitudinal biomedical data measuring illness progression were examined. Life events were assessed by reports on the numbers of lovers, friends, and acquaintances who were diagnosed with AIDS or had died of AIDS and by scores on a checklist of 24 more general serious stressor events. The variables indicating progres
10.1176/ajp.148.6.733
1674646
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnosis/epidemiology/psychology Adult CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology Candidiasis, Oral/diagnosis Cohort Studies Fever/diagnosis HIV Seropositivity/*diagnosis/epidemiology/psychology Homosexuality/psychology Humans Leukocyte Count *Life Change Events Male Personality Inventory Regression Analysis
R. C. F. Kessler, C., Joseph, J., Ostrow, D., Wortman, C., Phair, J., Chmiel, J. (1991). Stressful life events and symptom onset in HIV infection. Am J Psychiatry, 148(6), 733-8.
Journal Article
Behavioral, health and psychosocial factors and risk for HIV infection among sexually active homosexual men: the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
Am J Public Health
1991
Feb-91
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1990857
We examined whether 644 homosexual men who engaged in receptive anal intercourse were at particularly elevated risk for seroconversion if they also possessed specific behavioral, health or psychosocial vulnerability characteristics. Of 11 potential factors examined, heavy drinking, moderate to heavy drug use, and younger age were significantly related to seroconversion. These variables were also associated with an increased number of sexual partners, anonymous sex, and failure to use condoms
10.2105/ajph.81.2.194
1990857
PMC1404964
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Adult age AIDS Alcohol Drinking anal intercourse analysis Antigens Antigens,CD4 behavioral CD4 characteristics clinical clinical trial cohort Cohort Studies cohort study complications condom Condoms drug use epidemiology etiology health Health Behavior Hiv HIV infection homosexual homosexual men Homosexuality Human immunology infection Male Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Multicenter Studies Pittsburgh psychology psychosocial Risk Risk Factors seroconversion sex Sex Behavior sexual Sexual Partners sexually active Smoking Socioeconomic Factors study Substance-Related Disorders Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. trial United States
L. D. Penkower, M.A., Kingsley, L., Becker, J.T., Satz, P., Schaerf, F.W., Sheridan, K. (1991). Behavioral, health and psychosocial factors and risk for HIV infection among sexually active homosexual men: the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Am J Public Health, 81(2), 194-196. PMC1404964
Journal Article
Epidemiologic patterns of upper respiratory illness and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in homosexual men
Am Rev Respir Dis
1991
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1928944
The relationship between self-reported upper respiratory illness symptoms (URI) and human immunodeficiency virus Type 1 (HIV-1) was examined in homosexual men using semiannual visits from 1984 to 1988. Temporal and geographic patterns of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) diagnosis in these men during the same time period are also described. URI, including acute sinusitis, was reported more often by 916 HIV-1-seropositive participants than by 2,161 seronegative participants (32.21 versus 28.86% p less than 0.001). For 387 seropositive subjects who progressed to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), the proportion reporting URI peaked one visit pre-AIDS at a level significantly higher than matched control subjects (0.45 versus 0.28, p less than or equal to 0.001). The peak was higher for those with PCP as an initial diagnosis. Reported URI peaked in winter and troughed in summer, and PCP diagnosis rates peaked and troughed 4 months later, respectively. Cities with the highest rep
10.1164/ajrccm/144.4.756
1928944
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications/epidemiology/transmission Age Factors Baltimore/epidemiology Chicago/epidemiology HIV Seropositivity/complications/epidemiology Hiv-1 Homosexuality/*statistics & numerical data Humans Los Angeles/epidemiology Male Opportunistic Infections/complications/epidemiology/transmission Pennsylvania/epidemiology Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/complications/*epidemiology/transmission Respiratory Tract Infections/complications/*epidemiology/transmission Seasons Urban Population/statistics & numerical data
D. R. G. Hoover, N. M., Bacellar, H., Schrager, L. K., Kaslow, R., Visscher, B., Murphy, R., Anderson, R., Saah, A. (1991). Epidemiologic patterns of upper respiratory illness and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in homosexual men. Am Rev Respir Dis, 144(4), 756-9.
Journal Article
A VH clonal deficit in human immunodeficiency virus-positive individuals reflects a B-cell maturational arrest
Blood
1991
1-Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2070051
A major feature of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is disordered B-cell function, which paradoxically includes both pathologic overactivity (elevated serum antibodies, lymphadenopathy, and increased risk for lymphoma) and underactivity (impaired antibody immunity, particularly to bacterial polysaccharide antigens). B-cell immune dysfunction contributes significantly to HIV-related morbidity and also represents an obstacle to eventual definitive treatment by anti-HIV immunization. Our laboratory has recently identified in normal B-cell populations certain VH gene subfamilies with a developmentally regulated pattern of utilization. In particular, B cells bearing rearranged VH3L were rare in the germinal center but uniformly abundant in the blood and lymphoid mantle zone. We used this index gene subfamily as a clonal criterion for the pattern of B-cell development in lymphocytes of HIV-positive individuals. In a series of 19 HIV-positive subjects, a striking deficit of VH3L B
2070051
B-Lymphocytes/chemistry/*pathology Base Sequence Cell Differentiation DNA, Viral/analysis/genetics Gene Rearrangement/genetics Genes, Viral/*genetics HIV Seropositivity/genetics/*pathology Humans Lymph Nodes/chemistry/pathology Lymphocytes/chemistry/pathology Molecular Sequence Data Polymerase Chain Reaction
L. V.-A. Berberian, Y., Sun, N., Martinez-Maza, O., Braun, J. (1991). A VH clonal deficit in human immunodeficiency virus-positive individuals reflects a B-cell maturational arrest. Blood, 78(1), 175-9.
Journal Article
HIV-associated disease of the nervous system: review of nomenclature and proposal for neuropathology-based terminology
Brain Pathol
1991
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1669703
10.1111/j.1750-3639.1991.tb00653.x
1669703
*AIDS Dementia Complex/pathology Encephalitis/microbiology/pathology HIV Infections/*complications/pathology *hiv-1 Humans Meningitis, Aseptic/microbiology/pathology Muscular Diseases/microbiology/pathology Neuromuscular Diseases/microbiology/pathology Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/microbiology/pathology *Terminology as Topic
H. W. Budka, C. A., Kleihues, P., Artigas, J., Asbury, A. K., Cho, E. S., Cornblath, D. R., Dal Canto, M. C., DeGirolami, U., Dickson, D., et al., (1991). HIV-associated disease of the nervous system: review of nomenclature and proposal for neuropathology-based terminology. Brain Pathol, 1(3), 143-52.
Journal Article
Serum increases and lymphoid cell surface losses of IL-2 receptor CD25 in HIV infection: distinctive parameters of HIV-induced change
Clin Immunol Immunopathol
1991
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1680589
Lymphocyte activation induces production of soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R) which is a large portion of the CD25 membrane molecule and which is detectable in serum. Serum sIL-2R is reported here to increase as a direct effect of the HIV infection and not to be due to secondary opportunistic infections. sIL-2R increased promptly after HIV seroconversion in 83% of 50 initially seronegative homosexual men. The sIL-2R serum levels stabilized in the third year after seroconversion and were then predictive of later CD4 T cell levels and development of AIDS. In two studies of 59 and 395 seropositive men, beta-2 microglobulin (B2M) and neopterin levels in serum correlated closely with each other but not with sIL-2R levels. Thus, increased production of sIL-2R may reflect pathological processes distinct from those determining B2M and neopterin increases. Membrane CD25 expression on peripheral blood lymphocytes, unexpectedly, was found to be decreased in HIV infection. This contrasted with the in
10.1016/s0090-1229(05)80025-x
1680589
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology Cell Membrane/immunology HIV Infections/*immunology HIV Seropositivity/immunology Humans Lymphocytes/*immunology Male Receptors, Interleukin-2/*analysis
B. N. Hofmann, P., Fahey, J. L., Esmail, I., Jackson, A. L., Detels, R., Cumberland, W. (1991). Serum increases and lymphoid cell surface losses of IL-2 receptor CD25 in HIV infection: distinctive parameters of HIV-induced change. Clin Immunol Immunopathol, 61(2 Pt 1), 212-24.
Journal Article
Flow cytometric analysis of gdT cells and natural killer cells in HIV-1 infection
Clin Immunol Immunopathol
1991
Jan-91
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1824568
We have previously shown that HIV-1 seropositivity is associated with an increase in the difference between the number of CD3+ lymphocytes and the total number of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes [CD3 - (CD4 + CD8)] among peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). To investigate the cellular basis of this increase, PBL from seronegative (SN) and AIDS-free seropositive (SP) homosexual men and intravenous drug users were analyzed by two-color flow cytometry. Results showed that SP compared to SN manifested the expected elevation in calculated [CD3 - (CD4 + CD8)] cells (87 vs 28 cells/mm3; P less than 0.001). Only small differences in lymphocyte populations that could contribute to this increase were observed, namely lymphocytes expressing the CD3+CD4-CD8-phenotype (67 vs 56 cells/mm3; P greater than 0.10) or the CD8dim phenotype (135 vs 142 cells/mm3; P greater than 0.10). However, SP had significantly lower numbers of cells expressing the CD56+CD3- phenotype characteristic of natural killer cells (81
10.1016/0090-1229(91)90154-3
1824568
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome analysis Baltimore blood CD4 CD4+ CD8 CD8+ cells change cytology drug users Flow Cytometry health Hiv-1 HIV-1 infection HIV Seropositivity homosexual homosexual men Human infection intravenous intravenous drug users Killer Cells,Natural Kinetics lymphocyte Lymphocytes Male natural killer cells pathology Phenotype physiology population Prospective Studies Public Health seronegative seropositive Support,U.S.Gov't,Non-P.H.S. Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. t-cells T-Lymphocytes T-Lymphocytes,Suppressor-Effector t cell United States
J. B. S. Margolick, E.R., Odaka, N., Saah, A.J. (1991). Flow cytometric analysis of gdT cells and natural killer cells in HIV-1 infection. Clin Immunol Immunopathol, 58(1), 126-138.
Journal Article
Hand preference in homosexual men
Cortex
1991
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1879158
The present study examined the distribution of hand preference and its relationship to immune system functioning and performance on neuropsychological tests in a sample of 993 homosexual men from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study comprising 502 HIV-1 seronegatives, 436 asymptomatic HIV-1 seropositives, and 55 men with diagnoses of AIDS or AIDS Related Complex. The prevalence of left-handedness in all of the groups (13.1-14.5%) was consistent with prior published reports of prevalent left-handedness in the general population. The distribution of hand preference scores (on a 5-item self-report questionnaire) was J-shaped and shifted to the right as in the general population. There were no differences between right- and left-handers in the immune system parameter of CD4 counts, nor was there any increase of self-reported allergies among the left-handers. We found a significantly larger number of 'outliers' on the neuropsychological measures for left-handers than for right-handers, both fo
10.1016/s0010-9452(13)80134-7
1879158
Adult Brain Damage, Chronic/psychology Cohort Studies *Functional Laterality HIV Seropositivity/psychology Hiv-1 Homosexuality/*psychology Humans Male Neuropsychological Tests
P. M. Satz, E. N., Selnes, O., Van Gorp, W., D'Elia, L. F., Visscher, B. (1991). Hand preference in homosexual men. Cortex, 27(2), 295-306.
Journal Article
A gentle fixation and permeabilization method for combined cell surface and intracellular staining with improved precision in DNA quantification
Cytometry
1991
1991
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1709845
A method was developed for gentle fixation of mammalian cells and permeabilization of their membranes. The method is useful for staining of intracellular antigens or quantification of DNA content simultaneously with cell surface staining. Cells are treated for 1 h at 4 degrees C with 0.25% buffered paraformaldehyde then for 15 min at 37 degrees C with 0.2% Tween 20 detergent in PBS. The procedure permits excellent staining of intracellular proteins, very low coefficients of variation (CV) on the G0G1-peak of DNA distributions, and preservation of the integrity of cell surface antigens. The low vs. 90 degrees angle light scatter profile of cell clusters is maintained thereby allowing discrimination of different cell populations including human peripheral blood lymphocytes and monocytes for gating and analytic purposes. The method was successfully used on a variety of other cell types, including human thymocytes, murine thymocytes and spleen cells, and several leukemic cell lines. Dual-c
10.1002/cyto.990120312
1709845
Antigens/*analysis Antigens, Surface/*analysis Blood Cells/chemistry Cell Membrane Permeability Cytoplasm/chemistry DNA/*analysis Dactinomycin/analogs & derivatives Fixatives/*chemistry Flow Cytometry/*methods Fluorescent Antibody Technique Formaldehyde/chemistry Humans Polymers/chemistry Polysorbates/chemistry Propidium Staining and Labeling/*methods
I. U. Schmid, C. H., Giorgi, J. V. (1991). A gentle fixation and permeabilization method for combined cell surface and intracellular staining with improved precision in DNA quantification. Cytometry, 12(3), 279-85.
Journal Article
Psychosocial predictors of gay men's AIDS risk-reduction behavior
Health Psychol
1991
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1765039
Used psychosocial variables derived from the health belief model (Rosenstock, 1974), Bandura's (1986) self-efficacy framework, and protection motivation theory (Rogers, 1984) to predict self-reported AIDS risk-reduction behaviors in a sample of 389 homosexual men who participated in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study in Los Angeles and who knew their HIV antibody status. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that self-efficacy, perceived risk, response efficacy, and prior sexual behavior accounted for approximately 70% of the variance in the total number of sexual partners and the number of anonymous partners over a 6-month interval, controlling for demographic variables, HIV antibody status, and presence of a primary partner. A logistic regression analysis showed that barriers to change predicted increased unprotected anal receptive intercourse over a 6-month interval, controlling for prior behavior. The relation of health beliefs to risk-reduction behavior was substantially
10.1037//0278-6133.10.6.432
1765039
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*prevention & control/psychology/transmission Adolescent Adult *Attitude to Health Bisexuality/psychology HIV Seropositivity/psychology *Health Behavior Homosexuality/*psychology Humans Male Middle Aged Motivation *Risk-Taking Self Concept Sexual Behavior Sexual Partners/psychology
L. G. K. Aspinwall, M. E., Taylor, S. E., Schneider, S. G., Dudley, J. P. (1991). Psychosocial predictors of gay men's AIDS risk-reduction behavior. Health Psychol, 10(6), 432-44.
Journal Article
Loss of Private Health-Insurance among Homosexual Men with Aids
Inquiry-the Journal of Health Care Organization Provision and Financing
1991
Fal
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1833335/
In this study we analyze information on self-reported health insurance coverage, HIV screening by insurers, and loss of health insurance. We distributed questionnaires to gay male participants in the Baltimore and Los Angeles sites of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and to leukemia patients and gay AIDS patients seen at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. In this unusually well-educated and well-insured group, 90% of participants without AIDS had private health insurance coverage, compared with only 64% of participants with AIDS. Persons with AIDS (PWAs) were 33 times as likely to have Medicaid as persons without AIDS, and PWAs were 5 times as likely to have lost health coverage altogether as persons without AIDS
1833335
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Adult AIDS AIDS Serodiagnosis Baltimore cohort Cohort Studies cohort study economics Educational Status Employment Hiv homosexual homosexual men Homosexuality Human information Insurance Selection Bias Insurance,Health Los Angeles Male Medicaid Middle Age Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Prospective Studies questionnaire Questionnaires statistics & numerical data study Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. United States
N. E. F. Kass, R. R., Fox, R., Dudley, J. (1991). Loss of Private Health-Insurance among Homosexual Men with Aids. Inquiry-the Journal of Health Care Organization Provision and Financing, 28(3), 249-254.
Journal Article
Is the incubation period of AIDS lengthening?
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
1991
1991
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1984058
Data from a cohort study of 1,637 homosexual men in Los Angeles are used to estimate the distribution of times from HIV infection to AIDS, and to detect any changes in the distribution. We find weak, but not statistically significant, evidence that the incubation period is lengthening. When the incubation period distribution is assumed not to have changed, we estimate that the proportion developing AIDS within 6 years of HIV infection is 27%, with a 95% confidence interval of (23%, 31%). However, if we assume that the incubation period distribution began to change in July 1987, then we estimate that for individuals infected in the first half of 1979, 28% develop AIDS within 6 years, and for those infected in the first half of 1983, 25% develop AIDS in 6 years. Four different hypotheses are suggested for a lengthening of the incubation period; these are a treatment hypothesis, a cofactor hypothesis, a better health care hypothesis, and a changing virus and disease hypothesis. The statis
1984058
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome AIDS cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Disease Hiv HIV infection HIV Infections homosexual homosexual men Homosexuality Human infection Los Angeles Male methods microbiology Models,Statistical physiopathology study Time Factors United States virus
J. M. G. K. Taylor, J.M., Detels, R. (1991). Is the incubation period of AIDS lengthening?. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 4(1), 69-75.
Journal Article
Relationship of serum copper and zinc levels to HIV-1 seropositivity and progression to AIDS
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1988)
1991
1991
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1890606
Dietary, serum, and tissue levels of copper and zinc were determined at baseline in a cohort of homosexual men to investigate the relationship of these factors to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) seropositivity and subsequent progression to AIDS. Using a nested case control design, 54 asymptomatic HIV-1 seropositives who later progressed to AIDS were compared with 54 HIV-1 seropositives who did not progress and 54 seronegatives (mean follow-up time 2.5 years). Serum levels of copper and zinc were estimated from frozen serum samples, tissue levels from stored toenail samples, and dietary intakes from a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire administered at baseline. Neither dietary copper and zinc nor their levels in toenails were associated with HIV-1 seropositivity or progression to AIDS. However, serum copper levels were higher (p = 0.002) in HIV-1-seropositive progressors (mean = 115.6 micrograms/dl; SD = 17.1) than the seropositive nonprogressors (mean = 109.0 mic
1890606
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*blood/diagnosis/epidemiology Adult Biomarkers Cohort Studies Copper/analysis/*blood Diet HIV Seropositivity/*blood/diagnosis/epidemiology Humans Male Multicenter Studies as Topic Nails/chemistry Prospective Studies Risk Factors Toes United States/epidemiology Zinc/analysis/*blood
N. M. S. Graham, D., Odaka, N., Brookmeyer, R., Chan, D., Willett, W. C., Morris, J. S., Saah, A. J. (1991). Relationship of serum copper and zinc levels to HIV-1 seropositivity and progression to AIDS. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1988), 4(10), 976-80.
Journal Article
HIV-1 propagates in human neuroblastoma cells
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1988)
1991
1991
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1704060
A major question in the pathogenesis of AIDS encephalopathy and dementia is whether HIV-1 directly infects cells of the central nervous system (CNS). The propagation of HIV was attempted in six cell lines: three related and three unrelated to the nervous system. HIV was able to propagate in two human neuroblastoma cell lines and a lymphocytic cell line control but did not result in infections of African green monkey kidney cells, human cervix carcinoma cells, and one human brain astrocytoma cell line. Neuroblastoma cell lines infected with HIV showed peaks of reverse transcriptase activity at 10-14 days postinfection. After prolonged growth in cell cultures, one of the neuroblastoma cell lines showed multiphasic virus production, additional high peaks of reverse transcriptase activity, 20-fold greater than the first, lasting from 36 to 74 days and 110 to 140 days postinfection. The presence of HIV was confirmed by p24 antigen capture. The neuroblastoma cell lines had weak but detectabl
1704060
Animals CD4 Antigens/analysis Cell Cycle Gene Products, gag/analysis HIV Core Protein p24 HIV-1/*physiology HeLa Cells Humans Neuroblastoma/*microbiology/pathology Neurons/*microbiology RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/metabolism Tumor Cells, Cultured Vero Cells Viral Core Proteins/analysis Virus Replication
P. S. Shapshak, N. C., Resnick, L., Thornthwaite, J. T., Schiller, P., Yoshioka, M., Svenningsson, A., Tourtellotte, W. W., Imagawa, D. T. (1991). HIV-1 propagates in human neuroblastoma cells. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1988), 4(3), 228-37.
Journal Article
Zidovudine Use in Aids-Free Hiv-1-Seropositive Homosexual Men in the Multicenter Aids Cohort Study (Macs), 1987-1989
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol
1991
1991
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1671411/
Zidovudine use data were examined in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study to determine (i) if the proportion of pre-AIDS participants (i.e., CD4+ cells < 200/mm3 or AIDS-related complex) taking zidovudine is high enough to explain a slower than expected rise in AIDS incidence in U.S. homosexual men since mid-1987; (ii) which factors are associated with starting zidovudine and clinical trials of zidovudine; and (iii) if pre-AIDS patients, as a group, are being undertreated. Data on zidovudine use, clinical trial participation, and sociodemographic, clinical, and hematologic variables were collected every 6 months from 1,195 AIDS-free HIV-1-seropositive homosexual men from April 1987 to September 1989. Overall prevalence of zidovudine use rose from 3.6% in mid-1987 (visit 7) to 23% in mid-1989 (visit 11). Of those with < 200 CD4+ lymphocytes/mm3, the prevalence of zidovudine use rose from 23% (24% if those taking zidovudine or placebo as part of a clinical trial are included) at visit 7
1671411
zidovudine therapeutic use hiv-1 epidemiology homosexuality incidence pentamidine placebo-controlled trial azidothymidine azt san-francisco bisexual men double-blind immunodeficiency seroconversion infection complex
N. M. H. Z. Graham, S. L., Kuo, V., Jacobson, L. P., Vermund, S. H., Phair, J. P., Detels, R., Rinaldo, C. R., Saah, A. J. (1991). Zidovudine Use in Aids-Free Hiv-1-Seropositive Homosexual Men in the Multicenter Aids Cohort Study (Macs), 1987-1989. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol, 4(3), 267-276.
Journal Article
Neuromuscular disorders in human immunodeficiency virus infection
J Am Acad Phys Assist
1991
1991
disorders Hiv Human human immunodeficiency virus immunodeficiency infection MACS neuromuscular virus
J. H. S. McArthur, C.H. (1991). Neuromuscular disorders in human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Am Acad Phys Assist, 4(), 21-31.
Journal Article
Metacognition in HIV-1 seropositive asymptomatic individuals: self-ratings versus objective neuropsychological performance. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS)
J Clin Exp Neuropsychol
1991
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1955533
This study examined the relationship between actual and self-reported neuropsychological deficits, depression, and HIV-1 serostatus. The subjects, who consisted of 479 individuals, 256 who were HIV seronegative (SN) and 233 who were HIV-1 seropositive though still asymptomatic (ASP), were administered a standardized neuropsychological screening battery consisting of measures of attention, motor speed, psychomotor speed, verbal memory, verbal fluency, and depression. To assess subjects' subjective sense of their cognitive status, the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ), a 25-item self-report questionnaire, was also administered. The results of MANOVA failed to reveal group differences between the SN and ASP groups on the measures of neuropsychological function. Similarly, the ASP and SN groups did not differ on the number or severity of reported cognitive failures. However, a positive correlation was found between CFQ scores and level of depression. These results do not support the h
10.1080/01688639108401091
1955533
Adult Cognition/*physiology HIV Seropositivity/*psychology *hiv-1 Humans Male Middle Aged Neuropsychological Tests Psychomotor Performance/physiology Self Concept
W. G. S. van Gorp, P., Hinkin, C., Selnes, O., Miller, E. N., McArthur, J., Cohen, B., Paz, D. (1991). Metacognition in HIV-1 seropositive asymptomatic individuals: self-ratings versus objective neuropsychological performance. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). J Clin Exp Neuropsychol, 13(5), 812-9.
Journal Article
Reactivation of Epstein-Barr virus during early infection with human immunodeficiency virus
J Clin Microbiol
1991
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1650790
Reactivation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in early human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was investigated in 49 homosexual men who seroconverted to HIV (cases) as compared with 49 matched controls who remained seronegative to HIV during a longitudinal study. EBV infection was reactivated in cases 6 months, but not 12 months, prior to HIV seroconversion as compared with controls and remained reactivated during 18 months of follow-up after HIV seroconversion, as shown by increases in immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibody titers to EBV early antigen. Antibody titers to EBV viral capsid antigen did not differ between cases and controls prior to the time of seroconversion to HIV but were significantly increased among cases by the first seropositive study visit and remained elevated during the 18 months after HIV seroconversion. Total serum IgG levels were increased in cases at the visit of seroconversion, and during 18 months of follow-up, but did not correlate with enhanced IgG production s
10.1128/JCM.29.6.1215-1220.1991
1650790
PMC269972
Antibodies, Viral/blood HIV Infections/complications/*microbiology HIV Seropositivity/complications/microbiology Herpesviridae Infections/complications/microbiology Herpesvirus 4, Human/*growth & development Homosexuality Humans Male Recurrence Time Factors *Virus Activation
M. A. K. Rahman, L. A., Atchison, R. W., Belle, S., Breinig, M. C., Ho, M., Rinaldo, C. R., Jr. (1991). Reactivation of Epstein-Barr virus during early infection with human immunodeficiency virus. J Clin Microbiol, 29(6), 1215-20. PMC269972
Journal Article
Prospective multicenter study on isolation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 from homosexual men after seroconversion
J Clin Microbiol
1991
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1885732
A prospective multicenter study was undertaken to isolate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) from 45 homosexual men for a period of 30 months after seroconversion. Efficiency of HIV-1 isolation from peripheral blood mononuclear cells was relatively stable over time, ranging from 64% at the time of seroconversion to more than 82% after 18 months of seroconversion. However, Kaplan-Meier analysis of HIV-1 culture data indicates that the cumulative proportion of HIV-1 culture positivity at 3, 6, 12, and 18 months after seroconversion was 62, 65, 84, and 92%, respectively. No significant correlation was observed between the presence of HIV-1 p24 antigen in serum, or numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ blood lymphocytes, and HIV-1 isolation within this period of time. These data suggest that HIV-1 viremia in homosexual men gradually increases to almost 100% culture positivity by 18 months after seroconversion.
10.1128/JCM.29.7.1368-1371.1991
1885732
PMC270119
HIV Seropositivity/blood/immunology/*microbiology HIV-1/*isolation & purification Homosexuality Humans Leukocyte Count Male Prospective Studies T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology Time Factors
P. F. Gupta, H., Imagawa, D., Lee, M., Kingsley, L., Zhou, S., Armstrong, J., Rinaldo, C. (1991). Prospective multicenter study on isolation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 from homosexual men after seroconversion. J Clin Microbiol, 29(7), 1368-71. PMC270119
Journal Article
Human immunodeficiency virus-related lymphomas: a possible association between tumor proliferation, lack of ploidy anomalies, and immune deficiency
J Clin Oncol
1991
Aug-91
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1677032
In an attempt to identify a biologic basis for the aggressive clinical behavior of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated lymphomas (HAL), dual-parameter flow-cytometric analysis was performed on 22 paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens. Cases were analyzed for DNA ploidy, the percentage of cells in S-phase (proliferative activity), and content of a recently identified proliferation-associated nuclear antigen, p105. The DNA-content analysis of 22 HALs was compared with that of 109 cases of intermediate-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) unrelated to the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) studied previously in our laboratory and 125 cases of high-grade NHL reported in the literature. The proliferative activity was higher in intermediate-grade HAL relative to non-AIDS NHL (24.0% v 10.4%; P = .03), and in high-grade HAL in comparison with NHLs of similar histology unassociated with HIV infection (24.8% v 19%), although the latter did not reach statistical significance. The num
10.1200/JCO.1991.9.8.1334
1677032
Adult AIDS AIDS-related AIDS-Related Complex analysis Aneuploidy behavior Biopsy Cell Division cells Chicago clinical complications control deficiency Dna DNA,Neoplasm etiology Flow Cytometry genetics Hiv HIV infection HIV Infections Human human immunodeficiency virus immune immune deficiency immunodeficiency Incidence infection Laboratories lymphoma Lymphoma,High-Grade Lymphoma,Intermediate-Grade Male mortality non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Nuclear Proteins pathogenesis pathology Ploidies Prognosis Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen proteins statistical Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. United States virus
S. H. W. McDunn, J.N., Variakojis, D., Rademaker, A.W., Von Roenn, J.H., Tallman, M.S., Gordon, L.I., Bauer, K.D. (1991). Human immunodeficiency virus-related lymphomas: a possible association between tumor proliferation, lack of ploidy anomalies, and immune deficiency. J Clin Oncol, 9(8), 1334-1340.
Journal Article
Cytomegalovirus IgG and IgA serum antibodies in a study of HIV infection and HIV related diseases in homosexual men
J Med Virol
1991
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1666647
The significance of serum IgG and IgA antibodies to cytomegalovirus (CMV) at various stages of human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infection was studied in 175 homosexual men. Sera were obtained from 123 HIV seropositives [41 asymptomatic, 29 with lymphadenopathy associated syndrome (LAS), 22 with AIDS related complex (ARC), and 31 AIDS patients], 17 HIV seroconverters, and 35 HIV asymptomatic seronegatives. The sera were tested blindly for CMV IgA and IgG antibodies using the immunoperoxidase assay (IPA) and CMV infected human embryo cells. Cross-sectional analysis of CMV IgG antibodies at a titer of greater than or equal to 20 showed 87% and 100% prevalence in the HIV seronegative groups and in the HIV seropositive groups, respectively (P less than 0.05). CMV IgG antibodies at a titer of greater than or equal to 80 were present in significantly higher proportions among the HIV seropositive subjects of the various groups as compared with the HIV seronegative homosexual men. However, i
10.1002/jmv.1890350306
1666647
Adult Antibodies, Viral/*blood Cytomegalovirus/*immunology/pathogenicity Cytomegalovirus Infections/complications HIV Infections/complications/etiology/*microbiology HIV Seropositivity/microbiology Homosexuality Humans Immunoglobulin A/metabolism Immunoglobulin G/metabolism Male
E. M. Levy, M., Sarov, B., Sarov, I., Rinaldo, C. R., Detels, R., Phair, J., Kaslow, R., Ginzburg, H., Saah, A. J. (1991). Cytomegalovirus IgG and IgA serum antibodies in a study of HIV infection and HIV related diseases in homosexual men. J Med Virol, 35(3), 174-9.
Journal Article
Factor influencing suicide intent in gay and bisexual suicide ideators: differing models for men with and without human immunodeficiency virus
J Pers Soc Psychol
1991
Nov-91
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1753332
Of 778 gay and bisexual men (none with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS]), 27% (n = 212) reported suicidal ideation over the previous 6 months. Covariance structure models were used to explore predictors of suicide intent among (n = 112) suicide ideators with (n = 100) and without (n = 112) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Current AIDS-related stressors (deaths and illnesses and perceived AIDS risk) and past levels of adaptive functioning (social isolation and depression) were significantly more powerful predictors of suicide intent among HIV-positive than among HIV-negative ideators. Biological AIDS risk predicted neither suicide intent, current distress, nor perceived AIDS risk. Pathways to suicide intent appear to be psychologically, rather than biologically, mediated. Among HIV-positive ideators, AIDS-related death and illness events predicted suicide intent but not current distress symptoms. Some suicidal ideation in response to AIDS-related events may be an effort to c
10.1037//0022-3514.61.5.776
1753332
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Adaptation,Psychological Adult AIDS AIDS-related bisexual bisexual men Bisexuality death Depression Hiv HIV Infections HIV Seropositivity Homosexuality Human human immunodeficiency virus illness immunodeficiency Los Angeles Male manifestation model predictor predictors psychological psychology response Risk Risk Factors Social Support Suicide Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. symptoms Thinking United States virus
S. G. T. Schneider, S.E., Hammen, C., Kemeny, M.E., Dudley, J. (1991). Factor influencing suicide intent in gay and bisexual suicide ideators: differing models for men with and without human immunodeficiency virus. J Pers Soc Psychol, 61(5), 776-788.
Journal Article
Epstein-Barr virus in AIDS-related primary central nervous system lymphoma
Lancet
1991
19-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1681341
Primary central nervous system lymphoma occurs more often in patients with AIDS. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been detected in these tumours, but the degree of association has not been defined because of both the highly restricted expression of EBV in malignant tissue and the lack of a technique that is reliable in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens. EBV-transformed lymphocytes contain short non-protein coding EBV transcripts (EBERs), which are expressed in much higher quantity than other EBV-latency transcripts. We describe a new strategy for detection of latent EBV with these transcripts as targets for in-situ hybridisation. 18 cases of AIDS-related primary CNS lymphoma from a consecutive necropsy series together with specimens from 3 further cases were studied. In each case, a strong positive signal over tumour cells indicated abundant expression of the EBV-EBER1 transcript. This 100% association suggests that the pathogenesis of these AIDS-associated lymphomas may differ fr
10.1016/0140-6736(91)91837-k
1681341
Central Nervous System Neoplasms/etiology/*microbiology/pathology DNA Probes DNA, Neoplasm/analysis DNA, Viral/analysis Herpesvirus 4, Human/*genetics Humans Immunohistochemistry Lymphoma/etiology/*microbiology/pathology Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/*microbiology/pathology Nucleic Acid Hybridization Transcription, Genetic
E. M. G. MacMahon, J. D., Hayward, S. D., Mann, R. B., Becker, P. S., Charache, P., McArthur, J. C., Ambinder, R. F. (1991). Epstein-Barr virus in AIDS-related primary central nervous system lymphoma. Lancet, 338(8773), 969-73.
Journal Article
Effect of zidovudine and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis on progression of HIV-1 infection to AIDS. The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
Lancet
1991
3-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1677108
Although used widely, the effectiveness of zidovudine therapy and primary prophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in HIV-1-infected individuals, has not been assessed in a large cohort. We have done an observational study between October, 1986, and October, 1990, of a cohort of 2145 HIV-1-seropositive men and 371 who seroconverted during the study. A Markov chain transitional analysis was used to examine the effect of zidovudine and PCP prophylaxis on the probability of progression of HIV-1 infection to AIDS (after 6, 12, 18, and 24 months) after follow-up visits categorised into one of six disease states. The six starting states were based on CD4+ lymphocyte counts and the presence of HIV-related symptoms. Use of pre-AIDS zidovudine and PCP prophylaxis was associated with significant reductions in rates of progression to AIDS at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months for participants starting with less than 350 CD4+ lymphocytes/microliter. For those starting with 350 or more CD4+ lymph
10.1016/0140-6736(91)90414-k
1677108
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/blood/etiology/physiopathology/*prevention & control Aerosols CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects Evaluation Studies as Topic Follow-Up Studies HIV Seropositivity/blood/*complications/physiopathology *hiv-1 Humans Leukocyte Count/drug effects Male Pentamidine/administration & dosage/therapeutic use Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/blood/*prevention & control Prospective Studies Regression Analysis Risk Factors Time Factors Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination/administration & dosage/therapeutic use Zidovudine/*therapeutic use
N. M. Z. Graham, S. L., Park, L. P., Phair, J. P., Detels, R., Vermund, S. H., Ho, M., Saah, A. J. (1991). Effect of zidovudine and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis on progression of HIV-1 infection to AIDS. The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Lancet, 338(8762), 265-9.
Journal Article
HIV-1 in seronegative homosexual men
N Engl J Med
1991
24-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1922215
10.1056/NEJM199110243251713
1922215
HIV Infections/*diagnosis *HIV Seropositivity HIV-1/isolation & purification *Homosexuality Humans Male Polymerase Chain Reaction
D. D. Imagawa, R. (1991). HIV-1 in seronegative homosexual men. N Engl J Med, 325(17), 1250-1.
Journal Article
Antibody responses to Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccines in men with human immunodeficiency virus infection
N Engl J Med
1991
26-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1683682
BACKGROUND: Persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are at increased risk for serious infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae, yet there are few data on their antibody responses to the H. influenzae type b vaccines. METHODS: We evaluated antibody responses in 248 men who were randomly assigned to receive a single dose of either the H. influenzae type b polysaccharide (PRP) vaccine or the polysaccharide-mutant diphtheria toxoid conjugate vaccine (PRP-CRM). The subjects were stratified into four groups: seronegative men (67 subjects), men with asymptomatic HIV infection (79), men with symptomatic HIV infection (47), and men with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (55). RESULTS: Before immunization, the subjects with AIDS had the lowest PRP-antibody titers; 40 percent had titers below the putative protective level (less than 0.15 micrograms per milliliter). In the seronegative subjects, those with asymptomatic HIV infection, and those with symptomatic HIV
10.1056/NEJM199112263252603
1683682
AIDS Vaccines/*immunology Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology Adult Antibodies, Bacterial/analysis *Antibody Formation Bacterial Vaccines/*immunology CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes Diphtheria Toxoid/*immunology HIV Infections/*immunology Haemophilus Infections/prevention & control *Haemophilus Vaccines Haemophilus influenzae/*immunology Humans Immunization Leukocyte Count Male Random Allocation
M. C. A. Steinhoff, B. S., Nelson, K. E., Vlahov, D., Becker, R. L., Graham, N. M., Schwartz, D. H., Lucas, A. H., Chaisson, R. E. (1991). Antibody responses to Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccines in men with human immunodeficiency virus infection. N Engl J Med, 325(26), 1837-42.
Journal Article
Early neurologic abnormalities in HIV infection
N Engl J Med
1991
14-Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1988838
10.1056/nejm199102143240714
1988838
Electroencephalography Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory HIV Infections/*physiopathology Humans Neurophysiology
M. R. M. Nuwer, E. N., Visscher, B. R., Satz, P. (1991). Early neurologic abnormalities in HIV infection. N Engl J Med, 324(7), 492-3.
Journal Article
Neopterin and interferon-gamma in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with HIV-associated neurologic disease
Neurology
1991
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1898675
We measured the levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and neopterin in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of 121 human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive (HIV+) and 62-seronegative (HIV-) individuals evaluated for neurologic disease. CSF levels of IFN-gamma and serum and CSF levels of neopterin were higher in HIV+ than in HIV- individuals. Patients with HIV- related meningitis and with opportunistic CNS infections had higher serum neopterin levels than HIV+ asymptomatic individuals. CSF levels of IFN-gamma were slightly higher in CSF of HIV+ individuals in all groups (0.31 +/- 0.03 U/ml) than in HIV- individuals (0.12 +/- 0.03). CSF levels of neopterin were similar in HIV+ asymptomatic individuals (6.9 +/- 0.7 nmol/l) and HIV- individuals (5.9 +/- 1.1), but were elevated in those HIV-infected individuals with neurologic disease, particularly patients with HIV-associated meningitis (72.1 +/- 13.3 nmol/l), opportunistic CNS infections (36 +/- 9.1), and inflammatory demyelinating polyneu
10.1212/wnl.41.1.69
1898675
Biopterin/*analogs & derivatives/blood/cerebrospinal fluid HIV Seropositivity/*blood/cerebrospinal fluid/complications Humans Interferon-gamma/*blood/cerebrospinal fluid Neopterin Nervous System Diseases/*blood/cerebrospinal fluid/etiology
D. E. M. Griffin, J. C., Cornblath, D. R. (1991). Neopterin and interferon-gamma in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with HIV-associated neurologic disease. Neurology, 41(1), 69-74.
Journal Article
Computerized and conventional neuropsychological assessment of HIV-1-infected homosexual men
Neurology
1991
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1922803
We administered a battery of computerized and conventional neuropsychological measures to a group of 507 HIV-1 seronegative, 439 asymptomatic HIV-1 seropositive (Centers for Disease Control [CDC] groups 2 and 3), and 47 symptomatic HIV-1 seropositive (CDC group 4) homosexual/bisexual men enrolled in the Los Angeles center of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Tasks included multiple measures of attention, reaction time, memory, and psychomotor speed. Comparison of group means revealed significant differences in performance between HIV-1 seronegative and symptomatic HIV-1 seropositive men on computerized measures of choice reaction time and on conventional measures of memory and motor speed. These findings are consistent with previous research in this area and support the sensitivity of both computerized and conventional neuropsychological instruments for detecting cognitive changes found in symptomatic HIV-1-infected individuals. Asymptomatic seropositive men, on the other hand, did no
10.1212/wnl.41.10.1608
1922803
Adult Analysis of Variance Bisexuality Cohort Studies Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted HIV Infections/physiopathology/*psychology *hiv-1 *Homosexuality Humans Male *Neuropsychological Tests Reaction Time
E. N. S. Miller, P., Visscher, B. (1991). Computerized and conventional neuropsychological assessment of HIV-1-infected homosexual men. Neurology, 41(10), 1608-16.
Journal Article
Nomenclature and research case definitions for neurologic manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Report of a Working Group of the American Academy of Neurology AIDS Task Force
Neurology
1991
Jun-91
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2046917
10.1212/wnl.41.6.778
2046917
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome AIDS AIDS Dementia Complex classification Cognition complications definition Hiv-1 Human immunodeficiency infection manifestation neurology psychology research review Terminology United States
R. S. C. Janssen, D.R., Epstein, L.G., Foa, R.P., McArthur, J.C., Price, R.W., et al. (1991). Nomenclature and research case definitions for neurologic manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Report of a Working Group of the American Academy of Neurology AIDS Task Force. Neurology, 41(6), 778-785.
Journal Article
Normative data for a brief neuropsychological screening battery. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
Percept Mot Skills
1991
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1766784
This study reports normative data for a group of 733 homosexual/bisexual men stratified by age (range 25 to 54 years) and by education on the following six neuropsychological tests: (1) Digit Span (WAIS-R), (2) Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, (3) Symbol Digit Modalities Test, (4) Controlled Oral Word Association Test, (5) Grooved Pegboard, and (6) The Trail Making Test. Analysis demonstrates that both age and education are important determinants of performance for several of these measures.
10.2466/pms.1991.73.2.539
1766784
AIDS Dementia Complex/diagnosis/*prevention & control Adult Cohort Studies *hiv-1 Humans Male *Mass Screening Middle Aged Neuropsychological Tests/*statistics & numerical data Psychometrics Reference Values
O. A. J. Selnes, L., Machado, A. M., Becker, J. T., Wesch, J., Miller, E. N., Visscher, B., McArthur, J. C. (1991). Normative data for a brief neuropsychological screening battery. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Percept Mot Skills, 73(2), 539-50.
Journal Article
Affective and behavioral responses of gay and bisexual men to HIV antibody testing
Soc Work
1991
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1998130
Fifty-six gay and bisexual men were tested for antibody to the human immunodeficiency virus. Twenty-two subjects who tested positive, 22 subjects who tested negative, and 12 subjects who chose not to learn the test results were surveyed by questionnaire after one week and after about six months after testing. Subjects who tested positive and those who tested negative were also compared two weeks after learning results. Subjects who tested positive experienced an increase in anxiety, depression, and AIDS anxiety, and subjects who tested negative experienced a decrease in these feelings after learning results. Subjects who did not learn the results of their tests experienced no change in these feelings. All three groups altered their sexual behavior. Subjects were more likely to tell test results to lovers and to regular sexual partners than to casual sexual partners. Implications for social work practice are discussed.
1998130
AIDS Serodiagnosis/*psychology Adult Anxiety *Bisexuality/psychology Depression *Homosexuality/psychology Humans Male Surveys and Questionnaires
J. E. Huggins, N., Baker, C., Forrester, R. G., Lyter, D. (1991). Affective and behavioral responses of gay and bisexual men to HIV antibody testing. Soc Work, 36(1), 61-6.
Journal Article
The unseen sample in cohort studies: estimation of its size and effect. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
Stat Med
1991
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1805323
Recruitment of disease-free subjects into cohort studies and measurement of their time from exposure/infection to disease selectively excludes individuals (the unseen sample) who had earlier exposure and who have shorter times to disease. The unseen and observed samples may differ in other characteristics in addition to incubation period and exposure/infection time. For data with known truncation times, we develop non-parametric maximum likelihood estimates of the size, exposure/infection dates and distribution of incubation time in the unseen sample. We provide procedures to estimate and compensate for the biasing effects due to exclusion of the unseen sample in descriptive and survival analysis. We give consistency properties of these estimates and assess variability using bootstrap methods. One can use imputation to derive the above estimates from data with unknown truncation times that have been estimated parametrically. Application is made to an AIDS cohort study of over 5000 homo
10.1002/sim.4780101212
1805323
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*mortality/transmission Bias *Cohort Studies Data Interpretation, Statistical HIV Seropositivity/mortality Hiv-1 Homosexuality Humans Male Multicenter Studies as Topic/*statistics & numerical data United States/epidemiology
D. R. M. Hoover, A., Carey, V., Odaka, N., Taylor, J. M., Chmiel, J. S., Armstrong, J., Vermund, S. H. (1991). The unseen sample in cohort studies: estimation of its size and effect. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Stat Med, 10(12), 1993-2003.
Journal Article
Psychological factors, immune processes, and the course of herpes simplex and human immunodeficiency virus infection
Stress and immunity
1991
CAMACS Herpes Simplex Herpes simplex virus Hiv Human human immunodeficiency virus immune Immunity immunodeficiency infection psychological stress virus
Book Section
AIDS-related factors predictive of suicidal ideation of low and high intent among gay and bisexual men
Suicide Life Threat Behav
1991
1991
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1799014/
1799014
AIDS AIDS-related ARC bisexual bisexual men CAMACS homosexual Suicide
S. G. T. Schneider, S.E., Kemeny, M.E., Hammen, C. (1991). AIDS-related factors predictive of suicidal ideation of low and high intent among gay and bisexual men. Suicide Life Threat Behav, 21(4)(), 313-328.
Journal Article
Analysis of alternatively spliced human immunodeficiency virus type-1 mRNA species, one of which encodes a novel tat-env fusion protein
Virology
1991
Nov-91
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1926777
A polymerase chain reaction-based analysis was used to define the structures of the mRNAs that encode human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) regulatory and structural proteins in infected H9 cells. Twenty alternatively spliced mRNAs encoding the vif, vpr, env, nef, tat, and rev proteins were characterized. An evaluation of the coding potentials of these transcripts recognized both leaky scanning and reinitiation at downstream initiation codons as mechanisms that may operate during translation of many of the polycistronic messages. Two new splice acceptor sites, one at nt 6018 defining a new mRNA coding for the env and vpu proteins and another at nt 8671 defining a novel tat-env fusion transcript, were characterized. The latter transcript expressed a novel protein p17tev that was immunoprecipitated by both polyclonal tat antibodies and monoclonals directed towards the C-terminal region of gp41. The p17tev protein was able to transactivate transcription from the HIV-1 LTR in transie
10.1016/0042-6822(91)90773-5
1926777
analysis Animal Antibodies antibody Base Sequence biosynthesis Cell Line Chicago clinical Cloning,Molecular Disease Dna Dna,Viral evaluation Gene Products,env Gene Products,tat Genes,env Genes,Structural,Viral Genes,tat genetics HIV Long Terminal Repeat Hiv-1 Human human immunodeficiency virus immunodeficiency isolation & purification metabolism Molecular Sequence Data Oligodeoxyribonucleotides Plasmids Rabbits Recombinant Fusion Proteins Restriction Mapping Reticulocytes RNA Splicing RNA,Messenger Rna,Viral Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. Trans-Activation (Genetics) Transcription,Genetic Translation,Genetic United States virus
M. R. B. Furtado, R., Gupta, P., Wolinsky, S.M. (1991). Analysis of alternatively spliced human immunodeficiency virus type-1 mRNA species, one of which encodes a novel tat-env fusion protein. Virology, 185(1), 258-270.
Journal Article
Human Immunodeficiency Virus isolates from asymptomatic homosexual men and from AIDS patients have distinct biologic and genetic properties
Virology
1991
Jan
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1701946/
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates from asymptomatic homosexual men and AIDS patients were compared for their in vitro biologic and genetic properties. Most of the HIV-1 isolates from asymptomatic men, but not from AIDS patients, failed to infect CD4+ H9 cells and phytohemagglutinin-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes. In a longitudinal study, serial HIV-1 isolates obtained from men who seroconverted to HIV-1 and later developed AIDS were able to infect H9 cells. In contrast, longitudinal isolates from men who remained asymptomatic did not infect H9 cells. HIV-1 isolates from AIDS patients in general exhibited increased production of intracellular viral DNA, RNA, and protein as compared to isolates from asymptomatic men. Cells infected with HIV-1 isolates from asymptomatic men produced very little gp120, p24, and p55 proteins as compared to those from AIDS patients. The overall restriction patterns of HindIII, Sac-1, Pst-1, EcoR1, and BamH1 were very similar betwe
10.1016/0042-6822(91)90027-9
1701946
immune-deficiency syndrome murine leukemia-virus htlv-iii reverse-transcriptase genomic diversity trans-activation messenger-rna antibodies infection type-1
R. T. Balachandran, P., Enrico, A., Rinaldo, C., Gupta, P. (1991). Human Immunodeficiency Virus isolates from asymptomatic homosexual men and from AIDS patients have distinct biologic and genetic properties. Virology, 180(1), 229-238.
Journal Article
Application of flow cytometry to the study of HIV infection
AIDS
1990
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2201315
10.1097/00002030-199006000-00001
2201315
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnosis/immunology *Flow Cytometry HIV Antigens/*analysis HIV Infections/*diagnosis/immunology Humans Leukocytes, Mononuclear/*microbiology
A. O.-W. Landay, B., Giorgi, J. V. (1990). Application of flow cytometry to the study of HIV infection. AIDS, 4(6), 479-97.
Journal Article
Serum b2-microglobulin level increases in HIV infection: relation to seroconversion, CD4 T-cell fall and prognosis
AIDS
1990
Mar-90
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1972020
Beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-M), a marker that is increased in serum during immune activation, was investigated during the course of HIV infection. beta 2-M rose promptly in the first phase of HIV infection in people who were participating in a longitudinal study where serum samples and lymphocyte subset data were obtained at 6-monthly intervals. A rise in beta 2-M level in the first seropositive sample was seen in 93% of 50 HIV seroconverters, and those with high (or low) levels of beta 2-M at the end of year 1 tend to remain high (or low) in the ensuing years. Eighty-three per cent of seroconverters experienced a fall in CD4 T cells in the first year. The magnitude of the CD4 T- cell decline, however, did not correlate with the rise in beta 2-M in specific individuals in the first year. Nevertheless, 2-3 years after seroconversion, the initially increased beta 2-M levels did correlate inversely with the (reduced) level of CD4 T cells (P less than 0.001). Thus, the pattern of disease
1972020
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome activation Antigens Antigens,CD4 Antigens,CD8 Antigens,Differentiation,T-Lymphocyte beta 2-Microglobulin Biological Markers blood CD4 CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes CD8 Disease etiology Hiv HIV infection HIV Infections HIV Seropositivity Human immune immune activation immunology infection Leukocyte Count longitudinal Longitudinal Studies lymphocyte Male marker markers measurement metabolism Prognosis research sera seroconversion seropositive study Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. t cell t-cells T-Lymphocytes Time Factors United States
B. W. Hofmann, Y.X., Cumberland, W.G., Detels, R., Bozorgmehri, M., Fahey, J.L. (1990). Serum b2-microglobulin level increases in HIV infection: relation to seroconversion, CD4 T-cell fall and prognosis. AIDS, 4(3), 207-214.
Journal Article
Recreational drug use and sexual behavior change in a cohort of homosexual men
AIDS
1990
Aug-90
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2261132
The relationship between use of recreational drugs and high-risk (HIV- transmitting) homosexual behavior was examined in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) population. Among the 3916 men who completed both the baseline (1984) and first 6-month follow-up evaluations and were sexually active during the 6 months prior to enrollment, self-reported use of each of 10 classes of recreational drugs in conjunction with sexual activity was analyzed for both cross-sectional and prospective relationships with pattern of sexual behavior using a four-level sexual risk behavior index. At baseline, the proportion of men in the highest risk category (unprotected anal exposures with multiple partners) increased from 36 to 85% when men not using any drugs to men using three or more drugs plus volatile nitrites were examined. In multivariate logistical analyses, volatile nitrite use was significantly associated with failure to maintain or attain lower sexual risk levels after controlling for the eff
10.1097/00002030-199008000-00007
2261132
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Adult age AIDS behavior behavior change Bisexuality change Chicago clinical clinical trial cohort Cohort Studies cohort study cross-sectional Cross-Sectional Studies drug use drugs effects epidemiology evaluation follow-up high-risk Hiv homosexual homosexual men Homosexuality Human Illinois MACS Male Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Multicenter Studies population Risk Risk Factors self-reported sexual sexual activity sexual behavior sexual behavior change Sexual Partners sexual risk behavior sexually active study Substance-Related Disorders Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. trial United States
D. G. V. Ostrow, M.J., Fox, R., Kingsley, L.A., Dudley, J., Kaslow, R.A., The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. (1990). Recreational drug use and sexual behavior change in a cohort of homosexual men. AIDS, 4(8), 759-765.
Journal Article
A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of thymostimulin in symptomatic HIV-infected patients
AIDS
1990
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1975746
The potential therapeutic efficacy of the thymic hormone preparation, thymostimulin (TP1), in HIV infection has been studied in a multi-institutional, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Fifty evaluable patients with advanced AIDS-related complex (ARC) were injected with TP1 or placebo twice weekly for 6 months after 2 weeks of daily injections. The primary endpoint, progression to AIDS, was reached in nine TP1- and 11 placebo-treated subjects after 1 year. CD4 cell numbers were not affected by administration of the study drug. No toxicity was associated with TP1 treatment. We conclude that TP1 is ineffective in altering the progress of HIV disease in patients with advanced ARC.
10.1097/00002030-199007000-00012
1975746
AIDS-Related Complex/blood/*drug therapy Adjuvants, Immunologic/therapeutic use Adult CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects Double-Blind Method Humans Leukocyte Count Multicenter Studies as Topic Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Thymus Extracts/adverse effects/*therapeutic use
G. K. Beall, S., Morales, F., Imagawa, D., Goldsmith, J. A., Fisher, D., Steinberg, J., Phair, J., Whaling, S., Bitran, J. (1990). A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of thymostimulin in symptomatic HIV-infected patients. AIDS, 4(7), 679-81.
Journal Article
Two quick estimates of the HIV prevalence in homosexual men in Los Angeles, New York and San Francisco. The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
AIDS
1990
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2252566
Two rough methods are given to estimate the combined HIV prevalence in Los Angeles, New York and San Francisco in homosexual men. Both methods are related to the back calculation technique, and use AIDS surveillance data and information obtained from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Both methods suggest that the combined HIV prevalence is approximately 100,000, with a possible range of 80,000-140,000.
10.1097/00002030-199009000-00015
2252566
Cohort Studies *HIV Seroprevalence *Homosexuality Humans Los Angeles/epidemiology Male New York/epidemiology San Francisco/epidemiology
J. M. M. Taylor, A., Kingsley, L. A., Chmiel, J. S., Saah, A. J. (1990). Two quick estimates of the HIV prevalence in homosexual men in Los Angeles, New York and San Francisco. The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. AIDS, 4(9), 921-2.
Journal Article
HIV infection is not associated with Reiter's syndrome: data from the Johns Hopkins Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
AIDS
1990
Nov-90
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2282189
Reiter's syndrome has been reported to occur in up to 10% of patients with HIV infection. However, no properly controlled epidemiological studies have been conducted to determine whether HIV infection is an independent risk factor or whether the immunodeficiency induced by HIV infection is permissive for infection with other arthritogenic organisms. The prevalence and incidence of Reiter's syndrome were determined in 1133 homosexual/bisexual men enrolled in the Johns Hopkins Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. There was no difference in the prevalence of Reiter's syndrome at entry into the study in 1984 between 357 HIV-positive and 776 HIV-negative men: five per 1000 in both groups. During 5 years' follow-up, one case of Reiter's syndrome developed among each group of HIV-positive and HIV-negative men. These data fail to support a direct etiological role for HIV infection in the development of Reiter's syndrome
2282189
Adolescence Adult AIDS Baltimore Bisexuality cohort Cohort Studies cohort study complications epidemiology follow-up Follow-Up Studies Hiv HIV infection HIV Infections Homosexuality Human immunodeficiency Incidence infection Male Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Prevalence Reiter Disease Risk Risk Factors study support Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. United States
M. C. F. Hochberg, R., Nelson, K.E., Saah, A. (1990). HIV infection is not associated with Reiter's syndrome: data from the Johns Hopkins Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. AIDS, 4(11), 1149-1151.
Journal Article
Sexual activity, condom use, and HIV-1 seroconversion
AIDS and Sex: An Integrated Biomedical and Biobehavioral Approach
1990
AIDS archive condom Hiv Hiv-1 MACS seroconversion sexual sexual activity
Book Section
Preventing HIV infection in gay and bisexual men: experimental evaluation of attitude change from two risk reduction interventions
AIDS Educ Prev
1990
Summer
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2393625
In the course of learning their HIV serostatus, gay and bisexual men participated in small discussion groups aimed at increasing their practice of safer sex. Small discussion groups were randomly assigned to receive one of two interventions: a lecture/discussion by a gay health educator, or an intervention that included the lecture/discussion followed by a small group process aimed at increasing social skills for safer sex and at increasing peer support for safer sex. Men completed questionnaires relating to their knowledge about HIV and AIDS, attitudes toward sexual behavior change, and self-reported sexual behavior. At second follow-up, one year post-intervention, men who had received skills training and peer support endorsed significantly stronger attitudes in favor of safer sex than did men receiving lecture/discussion only. In particular, skills training and peer support caused greater reduction of the value placed on ejaculation inside the partner, stronger endorsement of plans t
2393625
Adolescent Adult Aged Analysis of Variance *Bisexuality HIV Infections/*prevention & control *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice *Homosexuality/psychology Humans Male Middle Aged Peer Group Regression Analysis Risk Factors *Sexual Behavior Social Support Surveys and Questionnaires
L. C. V. Leviton, R. O., Lyter, D. W., Callahan, C. M., Kingsley, L. A., Huggins, J., Rinaldo, C. R. (1990). Preventing HIV infection in gay and bisexual men: experimental evaluation of attitude change from two risk reduction interventions. AIDS Educ Prev, 2(2), 95-108.
Journal Article
Possible beneficial effects of neutralizing antibodies and antibody-dependent, cell-mediated cytotoxicity in human immunodeficiency virus infection
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
1990
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1971182
We studied the relationship between early human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) specific immune responses and pathogenesis of infection in participants enrolled in the multicenter AIDS cohort study (MACS). Sera collected at 6-month intervals for 2 years (visit 1-5) from 39 persons who seroconverted by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) 6 months (visit 2) after enrollment were examined for isotype-specific Western blot reactivity, neutralizing antibodies (NA) against two divergent strains of HIV-1 (HIV-1IIIB and HIV-1RF), and for antibodies capable of participating in antibody-dependent, cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). These results were compared with changes in CD4+ cell number and episodes of lymphadenopathy. Twenty-five subjects had antibodies of at least one isotype reactive to at least one HIV-1 protein by Western blot at visit 1, before they became ELISA positive. NA reactive with HIV-1IIIB were detected before those reactive with HIV-1RF. NA were first observed in
10.1089/aid.1990.6.341
1971182
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology *Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity Blotting, Western CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology HIV Antibodies/analysis/*immunology HIV-1/*immunology Humans Immunoglobulin M/analysis Lymphatic Diseases/etiology Prospective Studies Viral Envelope Proteins/immunology
L. A. K. Sawyer, D. A., Hendry, R. M., Boone, E. J., Vujcic, L. K., Williams, C. C., Zeger, S. L., Saah, A. J., Rinaldo, C. R., Jr., Phair, J. P., et al., (1990). Possible beneficial effects of neutralizing antibodies and antibody-dependent, cell-mediated cytotoxicity in human immunodeficiency virus infection. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 6(3), 341-56.
Journal Article
Serum IgG and IgA antibodies specific to Epstein-Barr virus capsid antigen in a longitudinal study of human immunodeficiency virus infection and disease progression in homosexual men
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
1990
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2193673
A longitudinal study of serum IgG and IgA antibody titers to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) viral capsid antigen (VCA) was carried out in 218 homosexual men at various stages of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The serum samples tested were obtained from the following groups: 24 HIV seroconverters, 41 persistently HIV-seropositive asymptomatic individuals, 22 seropositives who developed AIDS-related complex (ARC), 29 HIV seropositives who developed lymphadenopathy syndrome (LAS), 35 HIV seronegatives with LAS, 36 asymptomatic HIV seronegatives, and 31 AIDS patients. Blind-tested samples were titrated for IgG and IgA EBV-VCA antibodies by immunoperoxidase assay (IPA). Cross-sectional analysis indicated that all HIV-seropositive subjects exhibited significantly elevated EBV IgG and IgA antibody titers compared with HIV-seronegative subjects. The proportions with EBV-VCA IgA antibodies at a titer of greater than or equal to 128 rose during the course of HIV infection and progressio
10.1089/aid.1990.6.607
2193673
AIDS-Related Complex/complications/epidemiology/immunology/pathology Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology/*immunology/pathology Adult Antigens, Viral/*immunology *Capsid Proteins HIV Infections/*immunology Homosexuality Humans Immunoglobulin A/immunology Immunoglobulin G/immunology Multicenter Studies as Topic United States/epidemiology
M. S. Margalith, B., Sarov, I., Rinaldo, C., Detels, R., Phair, J., Kaslow, R., Ginsberg, H., Saah, A. (1990). Serum IgG and IgA antibodies specific to Epstein-Barr virus capsid antigen in a longitudinal study of human immunodeficiency virus infection and disease progression in homosexual men. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 6(5), 607-16.
Journal Article
Oxophenarsine, an antisyphilis drug inhibits HIV-1-specific protein synthesis in acutely and persistently infected lymphocytes
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
1990
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2078419
The development of drugs that can inhibit both acute and persistent anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is a major goal in the treatment of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Most of the anti-HIV-1 drugs reported thus far, such as azidothymidine (AZT), inhibit acute HIV-1 infection but have no antiviral effect against persistent infection. We report here that oxophenarsine (3-amino-4 hydroxyphenylarsineoxide hydrochloride), an antisyphilus drug inhibits HIV-1 production in acutely infected peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and persistently infected T cells. In acutely infected PBL and H9 T cells, the drug is effective at concentrations as low as 0.07-0.15 micrograms/ml with no significant cytotoxicity at concentrations of 6.0 micrograms/ml or below. It does not inhibit HIV-1 reverse transcriptase at doses up to 60 micrograms/ml. The drug has no effect on HIV-1-specific DNA and RNA synthesis. However, it inhibits HIV-1 protein synthesis in b
10.1089/aid.1990.6.1417
2078419
Anti-Infective Agents/*pharmacology Arsenicals/*pharmacology Cell Division/drug effects Cell Line DNA, Viral/biosynthesis HIV-1/*drug effects/metabolism/physiology Humans Lymphocytes/*microbiology RNA, Viral/biosynthesis Retroviridae Proteins/*biosynthesis T-Lymphocytes/microbiology Time Factors Virus Replication/drug effects
P. B. Gupta, R., Thampatty, P., Rinaldo, C., Ho, M. (1990). Oxophenarsine, an antisyphilis drug inhibits HIV-1-specific protein synthesis in acutely and persistently infected lymphocytes. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 6(12), 1417-23.
Journal Article
A semiquantitative microassay for measurement of relative number of blood mononuclear cells infected with human immunodeficiency virus
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
1990
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2252638
A simple semiquantitative microassay was developed for the measurement of relative number of infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The assay is based on cocultivation of serially diluted PBMC of a seropositive person with phytohemagglutinin-stimulated normal PBMC. The microassay has comparable sensitivity with the standard virus culture method in detecting positive HIV cultures. Since the microassay uses only 2-3 x 10(5) patients' PBMC, the assay is also most suitable for HIV isolation from HIV-infected infants or from AIDS patients with extremely low T-cell counts. The microassay can also be used to measure antiviral effects of a drug on persistent HIV infection in vitro. Because the microassay measures the relative number of infected PBMC, it can be readily used for following the quantitative antiviral effect of a drug in a clinical trial.
10.1089/aid.1990.6.1193
2252638
AIDS-Related Complex/blood/microbiology Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/blood/microbiology HIV/*isolation & purification HIV Infections/blood/*microbiology HIV Seropositivity/blood/microbiology Humans Leukocytes, Mononuclear/*microbiology Virology/*methods
P. E. Gupta, A., Armstrong, J., Doerr, M., Ho, M., Rinaldo, C. (1990). A semiquantitative microassay for measurement of relative number of blood mononuclear cells infected with human immunodeficiency virus. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 6(10), 1193-6.
Journal Article
Cytotoxic activity against HIV-infected monocytes by recombinant interleukin 2-activated natural killer cells
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
1990
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2223237
Natural killer (NK) cells have long been known to aid in the control of viral infections by killing virus-infected cells, including those infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Among the possible NK-susceptible target cells in an infected individual, the monocyte/macrophages are of special significance since they may serve as both a reservoir of HIV and aid in dissemination of the virus throughout the body. A new technique for the enrichment and cultivation of large numbers of recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL-2)-stimulated NK cells has been developed which provides cells with high cytotoxic activity. These IL-2-activated NK cells, adherent lymphokine-activated killer cells (A-LAK), can kill monocytes infected with HIV for 24 h to 7 days, with optimal target sensitivity between 3 and 7 days. Recognition and killing of the infected monocytes did not appear to be restricted by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens and could be cold-target inhibited by tumor cell lin
10.1089/aid.1990.6.1011
2223237
*Cytotoxicity, Immunologic HIV/*drug effects HIV Infections/*drug therapy/immunology Humans Interleukin-2/*pharmacology Killer Cells, Natural/*immunology Lymphocyte Activation/*drug effects Monocytes/immunology/*microbiology Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology Tumor Cells, Cultured
R. J. B. Melder, R., Rinaldo, C. R., Gupta, P., Whiteside, T. L., Herberman, R. B. (1990). Cytotoxic activity against HIV-infected monocytes by recombinant interleukin 2-activated natural killer cells. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 6(8), 1011-5.
Journal Article
Predicting progression to AIDS: combined usefulness of CD4 lymphocyte counts and p24 antigenemia
Am J Med
1990
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1979205
PURPOSE: To investigate the combined usefulness of CD4 lymphocyte counts and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) p24 antigen in predicting progression to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). PATIENTS AND METHODS: CD4 lymphocyte counts and HIV-1 p24 antigen status were evaluated over a 4-year period in 518 HIV-1-seropositive men enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study in Chicago. RESULTS: Twenty-six percent (134 of 518) of the HIV-1-seropositive cohort had detectable p24 antigen during the study period. Men with p24 antigenemia experienced a more rapid decline in CD4 lymphocyte counts than men who were persistently p24 antigen-negative (p less than 0.01). Mean CD4 lymphocyte counts at first detection of p24 antigen were 406 and 455 cells/microL for men with incident and prevalent antigenemia, respectively. Antigen was detected in 61% (63 of 103) of the men who progressed to AIDS and in only 17% (71 of 415) of the men who did not (p less than 0.0001). The 4-year e
10.1016/0002-9343(90)90210-5
1979205
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology/pathology/*physiopathology Blotting, Western CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*pathology Cohort Studies Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Follow-Up Studies Gene Products, gag/*analysis HIV Antigens/*analysis HIV Core Protein p24 *HIV Seropositivity HIV-1/immunology Humans Leukocyte Count Male Probability Prospective Studies Risk Factors Survival Rate T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/pathology T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/pathology Viral Core Proteins/*analysis
K. B. C. MacDonell, J. S., Poggensee, L., Wu, S., Phair, J. P. (1990). Predicting progression to AIDS: combined usefulness of CD4 lymphocyte counts and p24 antigenemia. Am J Med, 89(6), 706-12.
Journal Article
Behavioral change in longitudinal studies: adoption of condom use by homosexual/bisexual men
Am J Public Health
1990
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2240345
We compared reporting serial cross-sectional prevalence of sexual behavior over time, to reporting individual patterns of behavioral change in a cohort of homosexual men at a six-month interval. Aggregate prevalence rates underestimated the magnitude of change to safer practices, and failed to provide information on relapse to less safe practices. We conclude that it is important to report data based on individual fluctuations in behavior for the evaluation of change over time.
10.2105/ajph.80.12.1513
2240345
PMC1405098
Adult Chicago Contraceptive Devices, Male/*statistics & numerical data Cross-Sectional Studies *Homosexuality Humans Longitudinal Studies Male *Sexual Behavior Surveys and Questionnaires
J. G. A. Joseph, S. M., Koopman, J. S., Ostrow, D. G. (1990). Behavioral change in longitudinal studies: adoption of condom use by homosexual/bisexual men. Am J Public Health, 80(12), 1513-4. PMC1405098
Journal Article
Association of hepatitis B surface antigen and core antibody with acquisition and manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection
Am J Public Health
1990
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2240333
We examined the associations between seropositivity for hepatitis B virus (HBV) with the presence or development of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) and with HIV-1 induced T-helper lymphocyte deficiency or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Serologic data on HBV and HIV-1, cytometric enumeration of CD4+ lymphocytes, clinical events (AIDS by Centers for Disease Control criteria) and hepatitis B vaccination histories were available on 4,498 homosexual participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, Men were classified as to previous infection with HBV and prevalent or incident infection with HIV-1. Although there was an association between seropositivity for HBV infection and HIV-1 infection at enrollment (odds ratios anti-HBc 2.6; HBsAg 4.2), the relation between HBV seropositivity and subsequent seroconversion to HIV-1 was weaker (odds ratios 1.3 and 1.6). HIV-1 seroconversion was also associated with a history of certain other sexually transmitted diseases
10.2105/ajph.80.12.1475
2240333
PMC1405125
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*complications Hepatitis Antibodies/isolation & purification Hepatitis B/*complications Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/*immunology *Homosexuality Humans Male Prospective Studies Risk Factors Surveys and Questionnaires
R. E. V. Solomon, M., Kaslow, R. A., Lyter, D., Visscher, B., Farzadegan, H., Phair, J. (1990). Association of hepatitis B surface antigen and core antibody with acquisition and manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Am J Public Health, 80(12), 1475-8. PMC1405125
Journal Article
Increasing viral burden in CD4+ T cells from patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection reflects rapidly progressive immunosuppression and clinical disease
Ann Intern Med
1990
15-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1974752
OBJECTIVE: To determine over time the relation between viral burden and immunologic decline in patients with asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. DESIGN: Blind analysis of cell samples from matched cohorts for HIV proviral DNA by polymerase chain reaction, retrospective analysis of clinical data on patients, and prospective follow-up of patients seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). SETTING: National research clinic and academic medical centers. PATIENTS: Cohort 1 included 12 healthy HIV-1-seropositive patients (average follow-up, 14 months): Six patients had stable disease and 6 developed rapidly progressive disease. Cohort 2 included 15 healthy HIV-1-seropositive patients from the Multi-center AIDS Cohort Study (average follow-up, 32 months): Eight patients had stable disease and 7 developed rapidly progressive disease. LABORATORY STUDIES: Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was done to determine the HIV-1 viral burden in sort-puri
10.7326/0003-4819-113-6-438
1974752
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*microbiology Cohort Studies DNA, Viral/analysis HIV Seropositivity/*immunology/*microbiology HIV-1/*isolation & purification Humans *Immune Tolerance Leukocyte Count Multicenter Studies as Topic Polymerase Chain Reaction Prospective Studies Retrospective Studies
S. M. G. Schnittman, J. J., Psallidopoulos, M. C., Baseler, M., Salzman, N. P., Fauci, A. S., Lane, H. C. (1990). Increasing viral burden in CD4+ T cells from patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection reflects rapidly progressive immunosuppression and clinical disease. Ann Intern Med, 113(6), 438-43.
Journal Article
Cerebrospinal fluid neopterin in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection
Ann Neurol
1990
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2252366
We evaluated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of neopterin, a putative marker of activated macrophages, in 97 subjects infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 who had a spectrum of neurological complications. The highest CSF neopterin concentrations occurred in those with neurological opportunistic infections, primary central nervous systems lymphoma, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) dementia complex. In general, the CSF concentration of neopterin was independent of CSF cell count and blood-brain barrier disruption to albumin. In the patients with AIDS dementia complex, CSF neopterin concentrations correlated with severity of disease and decreased in conjunction with clinical improvement following treatment with zidovudine. These results suggest that CSF neopterin, although not disease-specific, may be useful as a surrogate marker for the presence of AIDS dementia complex and its response to antiviral therapy.
10.1002/ana.410280413
2252366
AIDS Dementia Complex/*cerebrospinal fluid Biomarkers/cerebrospinal fluid Biopterin/*analogs & derivatives/cerebrospinal fluid Blood-Brain Barrier Brain Neoplasms/cerebrospinal fluid/etiology Cohort Studies HIV Infections/*cerebrospinal fluid/complications *hiv-1 Headache/cerebrospinal fluid/complications Humans Immunity, Cellular Lymphoma/cerebrospinal fluid/etiology Neopterin Opportunistic Infections/cerebrospinal fluid/complications
B. J. B. Brew, R. B., Paul, M., Gallardo, H., McArthur, J. C., Schwartz, M. K., Price, R. W. (1990). Cerebrospinal fluid neopterin in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. Ann Neurol, 28(4), 556-60.
Journal Article
Immune suppression by herpesviruses
Annu Rev Med
1990
1990
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2158762
A unifying theme among the herpesviruses is the intimate interrelationship of virus infection with host cellular immune competence. Herpesviruses suppress cellular immunity. Recent advances suggest mechanisms of herpesvirus-induced immunosuppression that include inhibition of cytokine production and direct interaction of virus with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) components. This suppression appears to be of clinical significance primarily in patients with underlying immune deficiencies.
10.1146/annurev.me.41.020190.001555
2158762
Cytomegalovirus Infections/immunology Herpesviridae Infections/*immunology Herpesvirus 4, Human Humans *Immune Tolerance
C. R. Rinaldo, Jr. (1990). Immune suppression by herpesviruses. Annu Rev Med, 41(), 331-8.
Journal Article
Doing it right: Measuring T cell subsets by flow cytometry
Clin Immunol Immunopathol
1990
May
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1969781/
10.1016/0090-1229(90)90095-8
1969781
archive editorial Flow Cytometry MACS t-cells
J. L. Fahey (1990). Doing it right: Measuring T cell subsets by flow cytometry. Clin Immunol Immunopathol, 55(2), 171-172.
Journal Article
Quality control in the flow cytometric measurement of T-lymphocyte subsets: the multicenter AIDS cohort study experience. The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Group
Clin Immunol Immunopathol
1990
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1969782
Since 1984, the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) has utilized four flow cytometry laboratories to measure T-lymphocyte subset levels semiannually in a large cohort of homosexual men. This report summarizes the steps taken in the MACS laboratories to attain comparability of lymphocyte subset determinations across the centers and over time. Identical flow cytometers, monoclonal antibodies, and analytic procedures have been used, and over a period of time, the procedure for sample preparation was also standardized. Interlaboratory proficiency testing utilizing identical specimens analyzed in the four laboratories was performed to evaluate the comparability of the data among the laboratories. Our results verify that such testing can identify technical bias in flow cytometric evaluations performed at different laboratories. Temporal laboratory consistency in flow cytometric measurements was evaluated using data from each site's HIV-seronegative homosexual reference group. Both sequentia
10.1016/0090-1229(90)90096-9
1969782
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnosis Adolescent Adult Antibodies, Monoclonal Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/analysis CD3 Complex CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology Flow Cytometry/*methods Genetic Variation Humans Male Middle Aged Multicenter Studies as Topic Quality Control Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/analysis Statistics as Topic T-Lymphocytes/*cytology/immunology T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/cytology
J. V. C. Giorgi, H. L., Margolick, J. B., Bauer, K. D., Ferbas, J., Waxdal, M., Schmid, I., Hultin, L. E., Jackson, A. L., Park, L., et al., (1990). Quality control in the flow cytometric measurement of T-lymphocyte subsets: the multicenter AIDS cohort study experience. The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Group. Clin Immunol Immunopathol, 55(2), 173-86.
Journal Article
Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity mediated by CD16+ lymphocytes from HIV-seropositive homosexual men
Clin Immunol Immunopathol
1990
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2138942
We investigated the ability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic homosexual men with known time of seroconversion to mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) specific for HIV. PBMC from HIV-seronegative and -sero-positive subjects lysed T (CEM) cells persistently infected with HIV to a significantly greater degree than uninfected CEM cells in the presence of HIV antibody-positive serum in a 4-hr 51Cr release assay. The response was mediated by CD16+ cells. ADCC responses were lower in PBMC of 13 men tested 9 to 25 months (average, 16.1 months) after seroconversion to HIV as compared with seronegative subjects, and were further decreased in 11 men tested 26 to 38 months (average, 31.6 months) after seroconversion. Decreases in numbers of circulating CD16+ cells appeared to contribute to depression in ADCC activity. The suppressive effect of HIV infection on ADCC effector cell
10.1016/0090-1229(90)90105-y
2138942
Antibodies/analysis Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity Antigens, Differentiation/*pharmacology HIV Seropositivity/*blood Humans Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology Lymphocytes/*immunology Male Phenotype Receptors, Fc/*pharmacology Receptors, IgG
T. C. Murayama, Q., Rinaldo, C. R., Jr. (1990). Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity mediated by CD16+ lymphocytes from HIV-seropositive homosexual men. Clin Immunol Immunopathol, 55(2), 297-304.
Journal Article
Lymphocyte subset alterations and immunophenotyping by flow cytometry in HIV disease
Clin Immunol Newsletter
1990
1990
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0197185990900243
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb38771.x
8494202
archive Disease Flow Cytometry Hiv Immunophenotyping Lymphocytes MACS
J. V. H. Giorgi, L.E. (1990). Lymphocyte subset alterations and immunophenotyping by flow cytometry in HIV disease. Clin Immunol Newsletter, 10(4), 55-61.
Journal Article
Cytomegalovirus as a cofactor in HIV infection and AIDS
Cofactors in HIV-1 Infection and AIDS
1990
AIDS CMV cofactors Cytomegalovirus Hiv HIV infection Human human immunodeficiency virus immunodeficiency infection MACS progression virus
Book Section
The natural history of infection due to human immunodeficiency virus
Curr Opin Infect Dis
1990
1990
https://journals.lww.com/co-infectiousdiseases/Citation/1990/02000/The_natural_history_of_infection_due_to_human.15.aspx
history Hiv Human human immunodeficiency virus immunodeficiency infection MACS natural history virus
J. P. Phair (1990). The natural history of infection due to human immunodeficiency virus. Curr Opin Infect Dis, 3(), 70-72.
Journal Article
Evaluating AIDS prevention: outcome, implementation and mediating variables
Evaluation and Program Planning
1990
1990
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/014971899090009L
10.1177/1524839918782929
29938536
AIDS MACS outcome prevention
L. C. V. Leviton, R.O. (1990). Evaluating AIDS prevention: outcome, implementation and mediating variables. Evaluation and Program Planning, 13(), 55-66.
Journal Article
Immunology of HIV infection
Int Rev Immunol
1990
1990
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1983450
The goal of finding an effective vaccine against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is hampered by our uncertainty of the mechanism(s) responsible for the pathogenesis as well as the lack of knowledge of protective mechanisms. The effects of HIV on the immune system are myriad and thus the truly significant manifestations of the pathology are difficult to dissociate from those more peripheral. In this article we will initially characterize the natural history of HIV infection which shows a chronic and perhaps inexorable course. The second part will deal with the immune response mounted against this assault and the final section is a discussion of the possible unfavorable consequences of the immune response that humans muster against this agent.
10.3109/08830189009061761
1983450
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology HIV Antibodies/immunology HIV Infections/etiology/*immunology/pathology HIV-1/*immunology Humans Immunity, Cellular/immunology Retroviridae Proteins/immunology T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
D. E. G. Lewis, J. V. (1990). Immunology of HIV infection. Int Rev Immunol, 7(1), 13-Jan.
Journal Article
The effect of fresh lymphocytes on increased sensitivity of HIV-1 isolation: a multicenter study
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1988)
1990
1990
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2118952
A multicenter study was undertaken to determine the sensitivity and reproducibility of markers for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) viral growth and the effect of various preparations of lymphocytes on the sensitivity of standard and routinely used procedures for HIV-1 isolation. In phase 1, cocultivated culture supernatants obtained from 10 HIV-1 cultures were transported to three Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) Virology Laboratories. Three commercial HIV-p24 antigen capture (AC) tests and two reverse transcriptase (RT) assays were used to ascertain the replication of HIV-1. The Du Pont and Abbott AC assays were found to be most sensitive (85-100%), and the RT assay with 24-h incubation period had comparable sensitivity (75-100%). In phase II, the sensitivity of standard cocultivation procedure for HIV-1 isolation was compared using freshly phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P)-stimulated, stimulated-frozen, and frozen-thawed and then stimulated normal human peripheral blood mo
2118952
Blood Preservation Cohort Studies Cryopreservation Gene Products, gag/analysis HIV Antigens/analysis HIV Core Protein p24 HIV-1/growth & development/*isolation & purification Humans Lymphocytes/*microbiology Multicenter Studies as Topic Predictive Value of Tests Probability Quality Control Reagent Kits, Diagnostic Reproducibility of Results Viral Core Proteins/analysis
H. I. Farzadegan, D., Gupta, P., Lee, M. H., Jacobson, L., Saah, A., Grovit, K., Rinaldo, C. R., Jr., Polk, B. F. (1990). The effect of fresh lymphocytes on increased sensitivity of HIV-1 isolation: a multicenter study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1988), 3(10), 981-6.
Journal Article
Incidental white matter hyperintensities on magnetic resonance imaging in HIV-1 infection. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1988)
1990
1990
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2406415
Magnetic resonance (MR) scans were performed as part of a prospective neuropsychological study within the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Fifty HIV-1-seronegative men, 85 HIV-1-seropositive men without constitutional symptoms, and 14 with symptomatic HIV disease underwent MR imaging using a uniform protocol. Scans were rated by neuroradiologists blinded to all clinical details except age. The majority of MR scans were normal in all of the clinical groups and no covert mass lesions or diffuse white matter abnormalities were identified. Focal hyperintensities in the white matter were observed in 24% of the HIV-1 seronegatives, 26% of HIV-1 asymptomatic seropositives (CDC II/III), and 17% of those with ARC/AIDS. No significant associations were noted between the white matter hyperintensities and HIV-1 serostatus, neurological abnormalities, CD4 count, alcohol or drug use, hypertension, or smoking. In one individual classified with early HIV-1 dementia, MR demonstrated several hyperintensit
2406415
AIDS-Related Complex/complications/pathology Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications/pathology Adult Alcohol Drinking Brain/*pathology Brain Diseases/complications/*pathology Cohort Studies HIV Infections/complications/*pathology *HIV-1/immunology Humans Hypertension/complications Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Multicenter Studies as Topic Smoking Substance-Related Disorders/complications
J. C. K. McArthur, A. J., Johnson, D. W., Selnes, O. A., Becker, J. T., Herman, C., Cohen, B. A., Saah, A. (1990). Incidental white matter hyperintensities on magnetic resonance imaging in HIV-1 infection. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1988), 3(3), 252-9.
Journal Article
Incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma in a cohort of homosexual men infected with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1. The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Group
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1988)
1990
1990
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2395082
Longitudinal data on 2,125 participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) with documented antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) were used to examine the incidence of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) over time and to determine if sexual practices and hematologic variables prior to diagnosis differed for participants who develop KS vs. non-KS AIDS (NKS). In the first 4 years of the study, 84 seropositive men were observed to develop KS and 307 presented with an AIDS diagnosis other than KS. A systematic trend in the incidence of KS over time was not apparent in this population. The number of anal-receptive intercourse partners prior to diagnosis declined in a similar fashion for both AIDS groups. Although the number of partners with whom the men performed rimming decreased prior to diagnosis for both AIDS groups, a greater proportion of the KS AIDS group had performed this activity with multiple partners than had t
2395082
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*complications/immunology Homosexuality Humans Immunoglobulins/analysis Leukocyte Count Male Opportunistic Infections/complications Risk Factors Sarcoma, Kaposi/*epidemiology/immunology Sexual Behavior Sexually Transmitted Diseases/complications T-Lymphocytes/immunology
L. P. M. Jacobson, A., Fox, R., Phair, J. P., Dudley, J., Obrams, G. I., Kingsley, L. A., Polk, B. F. (1990). Incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma in a cohort of homosexual men infected with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1. The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Group. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1988), 3 Suppl 1(), S24-31.
Journal Article
Natural killer cell responses in homosexual men with early HIV infection
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1988)
1990
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2141073
Natural killer (NK) cells may be of significance in host defense against viral infections. In the present study, NK cell function was examined in relation to different phases of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were tested for NK cell activity using K562 cell targets in a 51Cr-release assay. NK cell responses of 26 HIV-seronegative homosexual men were not significantly different from those of 30 heterosexual controls. NK activity was significantly lower in cells from 32 homosexual men with documented, early-phase HIV infection (average of 14 months; range of 3-27 months) as compared with that of seronegative men. The NK cell response decreased with time, since men within the first year of infection (n = 15; average of 7.8 months; range of 3-12 months) had greater NK cell activity than did those with longer duration of infection (n = 17; average of 18.3 months; range of 13-27 months). The decrease in NK cell activity did not correlate with
2141073
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology Antigens, CD/analysis Antigens, Differentiation/analysis Cohort Studies HIV Infections/*immunology HIV Seropositivity/immunology Homosexuality Humans Immunity, Cellular Interferon Type I/pharmacology Killer Cells, Natural/*immunology Leukocyte Count Male Prospective Studies Receptors, Fc/analysis Receptors, IgG T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory
Q. H. Cai, X. L., Rappocciolo, G., Rinaldo, C. R., Jr. (1990). Natural killer cell responses in homosexual men with early HIV infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1988), 3(7), 669-76.
Journal Article
No Association between Herpes-Simplex Virus Type-2 Seropositivity or Anogenital Lesions and Hiv Seroconversion among Homosexual Men
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol
1990
1990
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2164082/
Recent reports have suggested that HSV-2 infection and associated anogenital ulcerations represent an important risk factor for acquisition of HIV infection. Although this is an appealing biological hypothesis, inferences drawn for homosexual men, as well as other at- risk populations, must be made after careful consideration of methods to control for potential confounding data. This report utilized a nested case-control study in which 49 homosexual HIV seroconverters were compared to 49 homosexual seronegative men matched on the prior level of receptive anal intercourse. No differences were observed for prior HSV-2 infection, since 21/49 (43%) of matched HIV seronegative men were HSV-2 antibody positive and 21/49 (43%) of HIV seroconverters were HSV-2 antibody positive at the visit 6 months before HIV seroconversion (odds ratio of 1.0, 95% confidence limits of 0.3-2.9) Similar findings were also observed for prior HSV-1 infection. Both self-reported symptoms and physical exam findings
2164082
Adult Africa anal intercourse analysis Antibodies Antibodies,Viral antibody Anus Diseases Case-Control Studies complications control Disease etiology Herpes Genitalis Herpes Simplex Herpes simplex virus Hiv HIV infection HIV Seropositivity homosexual homosexual men Homosexuality Human immunology infection infectious diseases Male methods microbiology Middle Age Odds Ratio Pennsylvania population Prevalence Risk seroconversion Sex Behavior Simplexvirus Stomatitis,Herpetic study Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. transmission United States virus
L. A. A. Kingsley, J., Rahman, A., Ho, M., Rinaldo, C. R. (1990). No Association between Herpes-Simplex Virus Type-2 Seropositivity or Anogenital Lesions and Hiv Seroconversion among Homosexual Men. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol, 3(8), 773-779.
Journal Article
Relation of alpha and gamma interferon levels to development of AIDS in homosexual men
J Exp Pathol
1990
1990
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2128842
Homosexual men who were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive at enrollment into the Pittsburgh portion of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study had elevated titers of serum alpha and gamma interferon (IFN) within 24 months prior to development of AIDS. In contrast, subjects who developed AIDS relatively early after seroconversion to HIV during this study did not have increased levels of alpha or gamma IFN.
2128842
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology *Homosexuality Humans Interferon Type I/*blood Interferon-gamma/*blood Leukocyte Count Male Radioimmunoassay T-Lymphocytes
C. R. Rinaldo, Jr., Armstrong, J. A., Kingsley, L. A., Zhou, S., Ho, M. (1990). Relation of alpha and gamma interferon levels to development of AIDS in homosexual men. J Exp Pathol, 5(3), 127-32.
Journal Article
Stimulation of IFN-a production in HLA-DR+, light density peripheral blood mononuclear cells by human immunodeficiency virus
J Exp Pathol
1990
1990
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2094773
2094773
analysis Antigens biosynthesis blood Disease HIV Infections HLA-DR HLA-DR Antigens Human human immunodeficiency virus immunodeficiency immunology In Vitro infectious diseases Interferon Type I Leukocytes,Mononuclear microbiology Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. United States virus
J. F. F. Toso, J.J., Rappocciolo, G., Armstrong, J.A., Ho, M., Rinaldo, C.R., Jr. (1990). Stimulation of IFN-a production in HLA-DR+, light density peripheral blood mononuclear cells by human immunodeficiency virus. J Exp Pathol, 5(3), 123-125.
Journal Article
Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against HIV-coated target cells by peripheral blood monocytes from HIV seropositive asymptomatic patients
J Immunol
1990
15-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2258607
Cytotoxic effector cells like cytotoxic T cells, NK cells, monocytes/macrophages, and neutrophils can lyse directly HIV-infected or HIV-coated cells in the absence or presence of anti-HIV antibodies. Therefore, these cytotoxic mechanisms can be invoked either in the control of HIV infection at early stages of the disease or in the generalized immunosuppression observed at later stages of the disease. The relationship between anti-HIV effector mechanisms and disease, however, remains elusive. The present study investigates in HIV+ seropositive asymptomatic patients peripheral blood monocytes (PBM)-mediated antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against HIV-coated target cells in the presence of heterologous or autologous anti-HIV serum. To test for specific ADCC against HIV Ag, a T4+ CEM.TR line resistant to TNF and macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity was selected in vitro. ADCC was performed in an 18-h 51Cr-release assay using CEM.TR cells coated with inactivated HIV. Unlike PBM
2258607
*Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity HIV Antibodies/*immunology HIV Seropositivity/*immunology HIV-1/*immunology Humans Immunity, Cellular In Vitro Techniques Monocytes/*immunology Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology
A. G. Jewett, J. V., Bonavida, B. (1990). Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against HIV-coated target cells by peripheral blood monocytes from HIV seropositive asymptomatic patients. J Immunol, 145(12), 4065-71.
Journal Article
HIV inhibits the early steps of lymphocyte activation, including initiation of inositol phospholipid metabolism
J Immunol
1990
1-Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1978848
Mechanisms accounting for HIV-associated suppression of lymphocyte proliferation were investigated. In previous work we demonstrated that purified and inactivated HIV-suppressed lymphoid cell proliferation. In this report we used an inactivated preparation of HIV obtained from infected CEM cells grown in serum free media and demonstrated that this HIV-associated suppression acted in the early steps of activation to inhibit the incorporation of radiolabeled phosphorus into phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and phosphatidic acid. Initially we showed that both purified CD4 and CD8 T lymphocyte subsets were affected and HIV-associated inhibition did not require the CD4 molecule. Impaired lymphocyte blastogenesis (decreased size and granularity and decreased expression of receptors to IL-2 and transferrin) in response to PHA indicated an effect of inactivated HIV on the early steps of activation. This was confirmed by time studies where 1) a 2 min HIV-pretreatment followed by washing be
1978848
Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/physiology CD2 Antigens CD3 Complex Calcium/metabolism Cell Line HIV/immunology/*physiology Humans *Lymphocyte Activation Phosphatidylinositols/*metabolism Phytohemagglutinins/pharmacology Protein Kinase C/physiology Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/physiology Receptors, Immunologic/physiology T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/metabolism
B. N. Hofmann, P., Baldwin, R. L., Insixiengmay, P., Nel, A., Fahey, J. L. (1990). HIV inhibits the early steps of lymphocyte activation, including initiation of inositol phospholipid metabolism. J Immunol, 145(11), 3699-705.
Journal Article
Infection with HIV Is Associated with Elevated Il-6 Levels and Production
J Immunol
1990
15-Jan
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2295799/
Polyclonal B cell activation is commonly observed in AIDS and in infection with HIV. Because IL-6 (B cell stimulatory factor 2) plays an essential role in the differentiation of activated B cells to Ig- secreting cells, and because IL-6 production is induced by exposure of human PBMC to HIV, we measured the level of circulating plasma IL-6, spontaneously-produced IL-6, and IL-6 mRNA in HIV-infected donors and in healthy control donors. Elevated levels of plasma IL-6 and IL-6 mRNA were detected in HIV-infected donors. PBMC isolated from the peripheral circulation of HIV-infected donors, and cultured without added exogenous activators of IL-6 production, produced markedly elevated amounts of IL-6 when compared with cells isolated from healthy donors. Interestingly, levels of an acute-phase protein, which is known to be induced by IL-6, was also increased in HIV-infected donors. These results demonstrate that elevated levels of IL-6 are associated with HIV-infection, and suggest that IL-6
2295799
AIDS blood C-Reactive Protein genetics Hiv HIV infection HIV Infections Human Immunoglobulins immunology In Vitro infection Interleukin-6 Leukocytes,Mononuclear metabolism microbiology Monocytes RNA,Messenger secretion Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,Non-P.H.S. Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. United States
E. C. R. Breen, A. R., Nakajima, K., Beall, G. N., Mitsuyasu, R. T., Hirano, T., Kishimoto, T., Martinezmaza, O. (1990). Infection with HIV Is Associated with Elevated Il-6 Levels and Production. J Immunol, 144(2), 480-484.
Journal Article
A simple method for improved assay demonstrates that HIV p24 antigen is present as immune complexes in most sera from HIV-infected individuals
J Infect Dis
1990
Jul-90
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2113075
Improved detection and quantitation of p24 antigen of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in sera was obtained by pH 2.5-3.0 pretreatment of samples before using a standard HIV p24 antigen ELISA. Pretreatment dissociated immune complexes and denatured antibodies with little or no compromise of p24 antigen immunoreactivity. For 652 HIV antibody-positive sera, direct comparison of the pretreatment with the conventional assay demonstrated substantial increase in both antigen positivity (50.6% vs. 12.4%) and in the level of p24 antigen in sera. Serum HIV antigen is mainly in the form of immune complexes in most individuals at all stages of HIV infection. Longitudinal study of 1 year (three measurements) on 29 seroconverters demonstrated two main patterns of p24 antigen expression in sera: 34.5% of infected individuals never express any form of detectable HIV antigen and 58.6% persistently demonstrate serum p24 antigen, usually in complex with antibody. Only 6.9% show episodic p24 antige
10.1093/infdis/162.1.21
2113075
Antibodies antibody Antigen-Antibody Complex Antigens blood clinical Cohort Studies Disease Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Gene Products,gag Hiv HIV Antibodies HIV Antigens HIV Core Protein p24 HIV infection HIV Infections Homosexuality Human human immunodeficiency virus Hydrogen-Ion Concentration immune immunodeficiency immunology infection longitudinal Longitudinal Studies Male measurement metabolism Multicenter Studies Neutralization Tests Predictive Value of Tests research sera study Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. United States Viral Core Proteins virus
P. H. Nishanian, K.R., Stehn, S., Detels, R., Fahey, J.L. (1990). A simple method for improved assay demonstrates that HIV p24 antigen is present as immune complexes in most sera from HIV-infected individuals. J Infect Dis, 162(1), 21-28.
Journal Article
Seroprevalence of human T cell leukemia viruses in selected populations of homosexual men
J Infect Dis
1990
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2230268
This study sought to define the seroprevalence of human T cell leukemia virus (HTLV) types I and II in selected populations of homosexual men. Serum specimens were screened for antibodies to HTLV and to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by enzyme immunoassay; successive testing of specimens with positive results was done by Western blotting and radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) and then by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay on available peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Of 1290 specimens, only 4 had antibodies against HTLV confirmed by RIPA. PCR analysis of DNA from PBMC from two subjects showed one to be HTLV-I and the other to be HTLV-II; both men also had HIV antibodies. These results demonstrate a lower seroprevalence rate for HTLV than some previous studies and emphasize the need for specific confirmatory tests.
10.1093/infdis/162.6.1370
2230268
Blotting, Western Boston/epidemiology Chicago/epidemiology DNA, Viral/analysis HIV Seropositivity HTLV-I Antibodies/*blood HTLV-I Infections/*epidemiology HTLV-II Antibodies/*blood HTLV-II Infections/*epidemiology *Homosexuality Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/classification/genetics Human T-lymphotropic virus 2/classification/genetics Humans Immunoenzyme Techniques Los Angeles/epidemiology Male Polymerase Chain Reaction Prevalence Radioimmunoprecipitation Assay
R. D. M. Meyer, T., Detels, R., Phair, J. P., Hirsch, M. S., Ho, D. D. (1990). Seroprevalence of human T cell leukemia viruses in selected populations of homosexual men. J Infect Dis, 162(6), 1370-2.
Journal Article
Serologic responses to Pneumocystis carinii antigens in health and disease
J Infect Dis
1990
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2299209
Serum antibodies to human Pneumocystis carinii antigens were measured in greater than 400 specimens from different population groups by the immunoblotting technique. Serologic responses varied during the first 2 years of life, but in children greater than or equal to 2 1/2 years and in adults antibodies to a 40-kDa band were found in greater than 85% of the specimens; antigens to bands of 66, 92, and 116 kDa were also detected frequently. The prevalence of serum antibodies in immunosuppressed patients varied at different institutions and was usually lower than that of healthy controls. Seven (41%) of 17 patients with single episodes of pneumocystosis and 13 (93%) of 14 patients with recurrent episodes followed sequentially developed active serum IgM and/or IgG antibody responses to the 40-kDa antigen. Serologic responses to P. carinii were also detected, though less frequently, by immunofluorescence. These data suggest that the 40-kDa antigen is a major marker of P. carinii infection a
10.1093/infdis/161.2.296
2299209
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications Adult Antibodies, Fungal/*biosynthesis Antigens, Fungal/*immunology Child, Preschool Humans Immune Tolerance Immunoblotting Immunoglobulin G/biosynthesis Immunoglobulin M/biosynthesis Infant Iowa/epidemiology Opportunistic Infections/complications/immunology Pneumocystis/*immunology Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/complications/*epidemiology/immunology Prevalence Recurrence
S. L. S. Peglow, A. G., Linke, M. J., Pogue, C. L., Nurre, S., Crisler, J., Phair, J., Gold, J. W., Armstrong, D., Walzer, P. D. (1990). Serologic responses to Pneumocystis carinii antigens in health and disease. J Infect Dis, 161(2), 296-306.
Journal Article
Psychological functioning in a cohort of gay men at risk for AIDS. A three-year descriptive study
J Nerv Ment Dis
1990
Oct-90
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2230745
This study describes the mental health of a large cohort of gay men participating in the Chicago Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study/Coping and Change Study. Six biannual questionnaires were self-administered between 1984 and 1988. General mental health was determined by the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL). An abbreviated version of the Center for Epidemiologic Study Depression Scale (CESD-5) and an adapted Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) question also measured depression. Suicidal ideation was assessed by one question in the HSCL. AIDS- specific distress was determined by three subscales specifically developed for this study. While mean HSCL and CESD-5 scores were stable during the observational period, AIDS-specific distress increased over time. The HSCL scores for the cohort were somewhat elevated above general population norms but considerably below psychiatric outpatient norms. Fewer than 12% of the men reported elevated HSCL or CESD-5 scores three or more times. A self-reported ep
10.1097/00005053-199010000-00001
2230745
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Adult AIDS Anxiety Attitude to Health change Chicago cohort Cohort Studies Depression diagnosis diagnostic epidemiology gay men health HIV Seropositivity Homosexuality Human Income interview Male Mental Health Personality Inventory population Psychiatric Status Rating Scales psychological psychology questionnaire Questionnaires Risk Risk Factors screening self-reported seronegative Stress,Psychological study Suicide Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. United States
J. G. C. Joseph, S.M., Tal, M., Kirscht, J.P., Kessler, R.C., Ostrow, D.G., Wortman, C.B. (1990). Psychological functioning in a cohort of gay men at risk for AIDS. A three-year descriptive study. J Nerv Ment Dis, 178(10), 607-615.
Journal Article
Soluble interleukin-2 receptor and soluble CD8 in serum and cerebrospinal fluid during human immunodeficiency virus-associated neurologic disease
J Neuroimmunol
1990
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2113934
We have measured levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) and soluble CD8 (sCD8) in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 127 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive and 51 HIV-seronegative individuals. Serum levels of sIL-2R and sCD8 were higher in HIV+ than in HIV- individuals. HIV+ individuals were grouped by neurological status: asymptomatic, abnormal on neuropsychological screening, HIV-related meningitis, inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, opportunistic central nervous system (CNS) infections and HIV-related dementia, myelopathy or sensory neuropathy. Serum levels of sIL-2R and sCD8 were higher in all HIV+ categories compared to HIV- individuals. Patients with HIV-related meningitis had higher levels of sIL-2R and sCD8 than asymptomatic HIV+ individuals, and inflammatory polyneuropathy patients had higher levels of sCD8. CSF levels of sCD8 were higher in all categories of HIV+ than in HIV- individuals. Patients with HIV-related meningitis, inflammatory n
10.1016/0165-5728(90)90024-h
2113934
Antigens, CD/cerebrospinal fluid/metabolism Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/cerebrospinal fluid/*metabolism Blood-Brain Barrier CD8 Antigens HIV Seropositivity/cerebrospinal fluid/*complications/metabolism Humans Nervous System Diseases/cerebrospinal fluid/*etiology/metabolism Receptors, Interleukin-2/cerebrospinal fluid/*metabolism Solubility Time Factors
D. E. M. Griffin, J. C., Cornblath, D. R. (1990). Soluble interleukin-2 receptor and soluble CD8 in serum and cerebrospinal fluid during human immunodeficiency virus-associated neurologic disease. J Neuroimmunol, 28(2), 97-109.
Journal Article
Quantitative analysis of endoneurial T-cells in human sural nerve biopsies
J Neuroimmunol
1990
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1688876
We used immunocytochemical methods on sural nerve biopsies from 42 patients with peripheral neuropathy to identify mononuclear cells, determine whether lymphocytic infiltration occurs in a variety of neuropathies, and identify the subtypes of lymphocytes. Immunostained cells were present in 76% of nerve biopsies. CD3+ cells (T lymphocytes) were greatest in density (cells/mm2). In patients whose CD4:CD8 T cell ratio was measured also in blood and cerebrospinal fluid, the CD4:CD8 T cell ratio was similar in all three compartments. These findings suggest that T lymphocytes are frequently present in nerves obtained from patients with various types of neuropathies and raise questions about factors that attract T lymphocytes into nerve that may be important in pathogenesis.
10.1016/0165-5728(90)90082-x
1688876
Biopsy CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes Cell Count Eosine Yellowish-(YS) Hematoxylin Humans Immunohistochemistry *Leukocyte Count Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/*pathology Spinal Nerves/*pathology Staining and Labeling Sural Nerve/*pathology *T-Lymphocytes T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory
D. R. G. Cornblath, D. E., Welch, D., Griffin, J. W., McArthur, J. C. (1990). Quantitative analysis of endoneurial T-cells in human sural nerve biopsies. J Neuroimmunol, 26(2), 113-8.
Journal Article
Sexual Transmission Efficiency of Hepatitis-B Virus and Human-Immunodeficiency-Virus among Homosexual Men
JAMA
1990
11-Jul
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2192096/
The relative sexual transmission efficiency of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was investigated by a prospective study of homosexual men in Pittsburgh, Pa, from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. During the 30-month follow-up, 19.8% and 7.8% of the initially seronegative HBV and HIV-1 groups were estimated to seroconvert to HBV and HIV-1, respectively. The significantly higher cumulative HBV seroconversion rate occurred despite a much lower prevalence of hepatitis B carriers (7% were hepatitis B surface antigen positive) compared with HIV-1 carriers (22% were HIV-1 antibody positive). The sexual exposure profile of HBV and HIV-1 seroconverters was similar during the 6 months prior to seroconversion, supporting the link between anal intercourse and acquisition of either infection. However, insertive, not receptive, anal intercourse was the major risk factor identified for HBV seroconversion, suggesting that transurethral exposure is an important m
2192096
AIDS anal intercourse Antibodies antibody cohort Cohort Studies cohort study condom Condoms Disease epidemiology etiology follow-up hepatitis Hepatitis B Hepatitis B Virus HIV Seropositivity HIV Seroprevalence Hiv-1 homosexual homosexual men Homosexuality Human human immunodeficiency virus immunodeficiency infection infectious diseases Longitudinal Studies Male microbiology Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Prevalence Prospective Studies Risk seroconversion Sex Behavior sexual Sexually Transmitted Diseases,Viral study Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. transmission United States virus
L. A. R. Kingsley, C. R., Lyter, D. W., Valdiserri, R. O., Belle, S. H., Ho, M. (1990). Sexual Transmission Efficiency of Hepatitis-B Virus and Human-Immunodeficiency-Virus among Homosexual Men. JAMA, 264(2), 230-234.
Journal Article
A1, Cw7, B8, DR3 HLA antigen combination associated with rapid decline of T-helper lymphocytes in HIV-1 infection. A report from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
Lancet
1990
21-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1970024
108 seropositive homosexual men were examined for associations between HLA phenotype and progression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Among men of predominantly European ethnic origin, 49 with very rapid 2-year declines in CD4+ lymphocyte counts showed significant differences in antigen frequencies from 59 men matched for ethnic background, study centre, and initial CD4+ cell count but with little or no decline in CD4+ cells. Relations of varying strength (odds ratios 6.1-10.3) were seen with several HLA antigens often linked in the A1-Cw7-B8-DR3 haplotype. The strongest relation was with the A1, Cw7, B8 combination (odds ratio 10.3). Associations between these antigen combinations and development of AIDS were weaker. The frequency of HLA A24 was also significantly higher in rapid than in slow decliners (odds ratio 4.3). These findings strengthen the suggested link between the product of a gene in the A1-Cw7-B8-DR3 haplotype and HIV-1-related disease.
10.1016/0140-6736(90)90995-h
1970024
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*blood/immunology CD4 Antigens/*analysis Cohort Studies Evaluation Studies as Topic Genetic Linkage *hiv-1 HLA-A1 Antigen/*analysis HLA-B8 Antigen/*analysis HLA-C Antigens/*analysis HLA-DR3 Antigen/*analysis Haplotypes Histocompatibility Testing Homosexuality Humans Leukocyte Count Odds Ratio Phenotype *T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer Time Factors
R. A. D. Kaslow, R., VanRaden, M., Kingsley, L., Marrari, M., Friedman, H., Su, S., Saah, A. J., Detels, R., Phair, J., et al., (1990). A1, Cw7, B8, DR3 HLA antigen combination associated with rapid decline of T-helper lymphocytes in HIV-1 infection. A report from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Lancet, 335(8695), 927-30.
Journal Article
The detection of HIV by in situ hybridization
Mod Pathol
1990
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2183211
A simplified method of in situ hybridization is described for the detection of HIV targets. This standardized method can be applied to sections of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues, cell blocks, and smears of cultured cells using 3H- or 35S-labeled DNA and 35S-labeled RNA probes. In order to use elevated stringencies in the hybridization and wash steps, tissue sections and cells are covalently bonded to silanated glass slides without their subsequent loss from the slides. Routine hematoxylin and eosin or Romanovsky's stains enable the identification of the cells detected by in situ hybridization. HIV-infected neuroblastoma and lymphoid cell lines, lymph nodes, bone marrow, kidney, as well as brain tissue from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related complex are used to demonstrate the generality of the procedure. The standardized method described widens the ease and applicability of in situ hybridization in the investigation of pathologic tissues
2183211
DNA Probes HIV/*analysis Histological Techniques Humans *Nucleic Acid Hybridization RNA Probes Sulfur Radioisotopes Tritium
P. S. Shapshak, N. C., Resnick, L., Hsu, M. Y., Tourtellotte, W. W., Schmid, P., Conrad, A., Fiala, M., Imagawa, D. T. (1990). The detection of HIV by in situ hybridization. Mod Pathol, 3(2), 146-53.
Journal Article
The prognostic value of cellular and serologic markers in infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1
N Engl J Med
1990
18-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1967191
We evaluated three cellular and five serologic markers that are affected by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) for their ability to predict the progression to clinical acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The cellular markers were the number of CD4+ T cells, the number of CD8+ T cells, and the ratio of CD4+ T cells to CD8+ T cells. The serologic markers were the serum levels of neopterin (a product of stimulated macrophages), beta 2-microglobulin, soluble interleukin-2 receptors, IgA, and HIV p24 antigen. We evaluated the usefulness of these measures as markers of the progression to AIDS prospectively, over four years, in a cohort of 395 HIV-seropositive homosexual men who were initially free of AIDS. CD4+ T cells (expressed as an absolute number, a percentage of lymphocytes, or a ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ T cells) were the best single predictor of the progression to AIDS, but the serum neopterin and beta 2-microglobulin levels each had nearly as much pred
10.1056/NEJM199001183220305
1967191
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*blood/etiology Biomarkers/*analysis Biopterin/analogs & derivatives/blood CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes Cohort Studies Gene Products, gag/analysis HIV Core Protein p24 HIV Seropositivity/*blood *hiv-1 Humans Immunoglobulin A/analysis Leukocyte Count Male Multivariate Analysis Neopterin Prognosis Prospective Studies Receptors, Interleukin-2/analysis T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory Viral Core Proteins/analysis beta 2-Microglobulin/analysis
J. L. T. Fahey, J. M., Detels, R., Hofmann, B., Melmed, R., Nishanian, P., Giorgi, J. V. (1990). The prognostic value of cellular and serologic markers in infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. N Engl J Med, 322(3), 166-72.
Journal Article
The risk of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia among men infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Group
N Engl J Med
1990
1/18/1990
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1967190
We assessed the risk of pneumonia due to Pneumocystis carinii in 1665 participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study who were seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) but did not have the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and were not receiving prophylaxis against P. carinii. During 48 months of follow-up, 168 participants (10.1 percent) had a first episode of P. carinii pneumonia. The risk was greatly increased in participants with CD4+ cell counts at base line of 200 per cubic millimeter or less (relative risk, 4.9; 95 percent confidence interval, 3.1 to 8.0). Although most participants (60.7 percent) described no HIV-1-related symptoms at the clinic visit at which a CD4+ cell count of 200 per cubic millimeter or less was first noted, this finding during follow-up was also associated with an increased risk of P. carinii pneumonia. The development of thrush or fever significantly and independently increased the risk of P. carinii pneumonia in these patie
10.1056/NEJM199001183220304
1967190
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Adolescence Adult AIDS Candidiasis,Oral CD4+ CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes Cell Count Chicago clinical cohort Cohort Studies cohort study complications etiology Fever follow-up Follow-Up Studies HIV Seropositivity Hiv-1 Human human immunodeficiency virus immunodeficiency Leukocyte Count Male Middle Age Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Multicenter Studies pneumocystis carinii pneumocystis carinii pneumonia pneumonia Pneumonia,Pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis Prospective Studies Risk Risk Factors seropositive study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. United States virus
J. M. Phair, A., Detels, R., Kaslow, R., Rinaldo, C., Saah, A. (1990). The risk of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia among men infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Group. N Engl J Med, 322(3), 161-165.
Journal Article
Neuropsychological performance in HIV-1-infected homosexual men: The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS)
Neurology
1990
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2405289
We administered a battery of standardized neuropsychological measures to assess cognitive functions in a group of 769 HIV-1 seronegative, 727 asymptomatic HIV-1 seropositive (CDC Groups 2 and 3), and 84 symptomatic HIV-1 seropositive (CDC Group 4) homosexual/bisexual men enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Measures included tests of attention, memory, and psychomotor speed. Comparison of group means revealed significant differences in performance between HIV-1 seronegative and symptomatic HIV-1 seropositive subjects on measures of memory and on measures with strong motor and psychomotor timed components. These findings support the sensitivity of these neuropsychological instruments for detecting cognitive changes that may be related to HIV-1, and are consistent with other reports of neuropsychological abnormalities in symptomatic HIV-1-infected individuals. Asymptomatic seropositive men, on the other hand, did not differ significantly from seronegative subjects on any
10.1212/wnl.40.2.197
2405289
Adult Aged Analysis of Variance CD4 Antigens/analysis Cognition Cohort Studies Demography Depression/physiopathology/psychology HIV Infections/physiopathology/*psychology HIV Seropositivity/*psychology HIV-1/*physiology Homosexuality/psychology Humans Male Middle Aged Multicenter Studies as Topic Neuropsychological Tests Psychomotor Performance
E. N. S. Miller, O. A., McArthur, J. C., Satz, P., Becker, J. T., Cohen, B. A., Sheridan, K., Machado, A. M., Van Gorp, W. G., Visscher, B. (1990). Neuropsychological performance in HIV-1-infected homosexual men: The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Neurology, 40(2), 197-203.
Journal Article
Intrathecal synthesis of anti-HIV IgG: correlation with increasing duration of HIV-1 infection
Neurology
1990
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2330109
We determined intrathecal synthesis (ITS) of anti-HIV-1 immunoglobulin in 62 CSF samples from 51 HIV-1 seropositive homosexual men using an ELISA technique with paired serum and CSF samples diluted to a concentration of IgG of 10 micrograms/ml. All subjects were neurologically normal and none was taking zidovudine. We estimated duration of HIV-1 infection from semiannual serologic testing during the 3-year period before CSF analysis and detected ITS of anti-HIV-1 immunoglobulin in 2 of 12 (17%) of those with less than 18 months of HIV-1 seropositivity, in 3 of 21 (14%) with 19 to 36 months, and in 13 of 29 (45%) with greater than 36 months of HIV-1 seropositivity (p = 0.037). There was a trend toward an inverse relationship between level of ITS and the peripheral blood T-helper lymphocyte count. This study demonstrates that increasing ITS of anti-HIV-1 IgG is related to duration of HIV-1 infection and suggests an inverse correlation with systemic immune status. The detection of ITS of
10.1212/wnl.40.5.816
2330109
Adult Analysis of Variance Chi-Square Distribution Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay HIV Antibodies/*cerebrospinal fluid HIV Infections/*cerebrospinal fluid/immunology HIV Seropositivity/*cerebrospinal fluid/immunology HIV-1/*immunology Humans Immunoglobulin G/biosynthesis/*cerebrospinal fluid Male Middle Aged
G. M. Van Wielink, J. C., Moench, T., Farzadegan, H., McArthur, J. H., Johnson, R. T., Saah, A. (1990). Intrathecal synthesis of anti-HIV IgG: correlation with increasing duration of HIV-1 infection. Neurology, 40(5), 816-9.
Journal Article
Steroid-responsive myeloneuropathy in a man dually infected with HIV-1 and HTLV-I
Neurology
1990
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2161092
Two human retroviruses, HIV-1 and HTLV-I, have been associated with myelopathies in addition to other neurologic disorders. We report an American dually infected with HIV-1 and HTLV-I who developed steroid-responsive myeloneuropathy. This 28-year-old bisexual man developed interstitial pneumonitis and a transient midthoracic sensory level followed by the evolution of a slowly progressive spastic paraparesis and sensorimotor neuropathy. Serologic studies demonstrated coinfection with both HIV-1 and HTLV-I. Peripheral blood absolute CD4 count was persistently within the normal range. Cranial MRI was normal and spinal MRI showed T3-T10 atrophy. Serial CSF analyses demonstrated marked intrathecal synthesis of anti-HTLV-I IgG, lymphocytic pleocytosis, elevated protein and immunoglobulin G, and oligoclonal bands. HIV-1 was isolated from CSF but not from peripheral nerve. Lymphoproliferative studies confirmed spontaneous proliferation in both blood and CSF. Soluble interleukin 2 receptor and
10.1212/wnl.40.6.938
2161092
AIDS Dementia Complex Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*complications Adrenal Cortex Hormones/*therapeutic use Adult Blotting, Western *hiv-1 HTLV-I Infections/*complications/diagnosis Humans Male Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic/complications Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/*drug therapy/etiology Spinal Cord Diseases/*drug therapy/etiology Sural Nerve/pathology
J. C. G. McArthur, J. W., Cornblath, D. R., Griffin, D. E., Tesoriero, T., Kuncl, R., Gibbs, C. J., Farzadegan, H., Johnson, R. T. (1990). Steroid-responsive myeloneuropathy in a man dually infected with HIV-1 and HTLV-I. Neurology, 40(6), 938-44.
Journal Article
CSF b-2-microglobulin levels in HIV-1 infection: correlation with duration of infection and CD4 cell count
Neurology
1990
1990
abstract Beta2-microglobulin CD4 Cell Count correlation CSF duration Hiv Hiv-1 HIV-1 infection infection Lymphocytes MACS
J. C. M. McArthur, E.N., McArthur, J.H., Margolick, J., Cohen, B.A., Griffin, D.E., Nance-Sproson, T., Saah, A. (1990). CSF b-2-microglobulin levels in HIV-1 infection: correlation with duration of infection and CD4 cell count. Neurology, 40(S)(), 237.
Journal Article
HIV-1 infection: no evidence of cognitive decline during the asymptomatic stages.
Neurology
1990
Feb-90
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2405290
Cross-sectional studies have not adequately resolved the question of whether subjects infected with HIV-1 may suffer cognitive decline during the early, asymptomatic stages of the infection. We studied longitudinally 238 asymptomatic healthy HIV-1-infected homosexual/bisexual men (CDC groups 2 and 3) and 170 uninfected controls in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study with neuropsychological testing at semiannual intervals. A comparison of change in scores between visits 1 and 4 as well as a multivariate autoregressive analysis revealed no evidence of decline in test performance over time in the HIV-1-infected group compared with the seronegative controls. These findings suggest that a gradual cognitive decline does not occur during the early, asymptomatic stages of HIV infection
10.1212/wnl.40.2.204
2405290
Adult AIDS analysis asymptomatic Baltimore CDC change clinical clinical trial Cognition cognitive cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Comparative Study control cross-sectional Cross-Sectional Studies Hiv HIV infection HIV Infections Hiv-1 HIV-1 infection Human infection Male Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Multicenter Studies Multivariate Analysis Neuropsychological Neuropsychological Tests physiology physiopathology Prospective Studies psychology Psychomotor Performance seronegative study Substance-Related Disorders Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. testing trial United States
O. A. M. Selnes, E., McArthur, J., Gordon, B., Muñoz, A., Sheridan, K., Fox, R., Saah, A.J., The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (1990). HIV-1 infection: no evidence of cognitive decline during the asymptomatic stages.. Neurology, 40(2), 204-208.
Journal Article
Frontal lobe functioning in asymptomatic HIV-infection
Neurology
1990
1990
abstract asymptomatic Frontal Lobe Hiv HIV infection MACS
O. A. M. Selnes, J.H., Fox, R., Starkey, D., Miller, E.N., McArthur, J.C. (1990). Frontal lobe functioning in asymptomatic HIV-infection. Neurology, 40(S)(), 426.
Journal Article
Salivary antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus in intravenous drug users and homosexual men
Oral AIDS: Manifestations, Safety Measures, and Questions of Transmissibility
1990
AIDS antibody archive drug users drugs Hiv homosexual homosexual men Human IgA immunodeficiency intravenous intravenous drug users MACS manifestation saliva secretory immunity
Book Section
AIDS Kaposi sarcoma-derived cells produce and respond to interleukin 6
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
1990
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1693429
Cell lines derived from Kaposi sarcoma lesions of patients with AIDS (AIDS-KS cells) produce several cytokines, including an endothelial cell growth factor, interleukin 1 beta, and basic fibroblast growth factor. Since exposure to human immunodeficiency virus increases interleukin 6 (IL-6) production in monocytes and endothelial cells produce IL-6, we examined IL-6 expression and response in AIDS-KS cell lines and IL-6 expression in AIDS Kaposi sarcoma tissue. The AIDS-KS cell lines (N521J and EKS3) secreted large amounts of immunoreactive and biologically active IL-6. We found both IL-6 and IL-6 receptor (IL-6-R) RNA by slot blot hybridization analysis of AIDS-KS cells. The IL-6-R was functional, as [3H]thymidine incorporation by AIDS-KS cells increased significantly after exposure to human recombinant IL-6 (hrIL-6) at greater than 10 units/ml. When AIDS-KS cells (EKS3) were exposed to IL-6 antisense oligonucleotide, cellular proliferation decreased by nearly two-thirds, with a corres
10.1073/pnas.87.11.4068
1693429
PMC54048
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/pathology/*physiopathology Blotting, Northern Gene Expression Growth Substances/physiology Humans In Vitro Techniques Interleukin-6/genetics/*metabolism/pharmacology Rna RNA, Antisense Receptors, Immunologic/physiology Receptors, Interleukin-6 Recombinant Proteins Sarcoma, Kaposi/pathology/*physiopathology Tumor Cells, Cultured
S. A. R. Miles, A. R., Salazar-Gonzalez, J. F., Vander Meyden, M., Stevens, R. H., Logan, D. M., Mitsuyasu, R. T., Taga, T., Hirano, T., Kishimoto, T., et al., (1990). AIDS Kaposi sarcoma-derived cells produce and respond to interleukin 6. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 87(11), 4068-72. PMC54048
Journal Article
Assessing the costs and benefits of an increased sense of vulnerability to AIDS in a cohort of gay men
Psychosocial perspectives on AIDS: etiology, prevention and treatment
1990
AIDS cohort costs etiology gay men homosexual MACS prevention psychosocial treatment
Book Section
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: correlation of radiologic and pathologic findings in the brain
Radiographics
1990
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2326512
The appearance on magnetic resonance (MR) and computed tomographic (CT) images of specific central nervous system disorders associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in 12 cases was correlated with autopsy findings. There were three cases of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) encephalopathy; three, primary lymphoma; three, toxoplasmosis; one, cryptococcosis; one, cytomegalovirus infection; and one, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. MR imaging demonstrated the various cranial lesions more clearly than did CT. On the basis of MR imaging characteristics, HIV encephalopathy could be distinguished from other lesions, particularly progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Basal ganglia were the most common sites of involvement in opportunistic infections and primary lymphoma. Reliable distinguishing features among lesions of the basal ganglia were not found, except for cryptococcal lesions, which had a unique appearance.
10.1148/radiographics.10.2.2326512
2326512
AIDS Dementia Complex/*diagnosis Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*complications Adult Brain/*pathology Brain Diseases/complications/*diagnosis Brain Neoplasms/*diagnosis/etiology Cryptococcosis/complications/diagnosis Humans Lymphoma/*diagnosis/etiology Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Middle Aged Tomography, X-Ray Computed Toxoplasmosis/complications/diagnosis
J. B. Balakrishnan, P. S., Kumar, A. J., Zinreich, S. J., McArthur, J. C., Bryan, R. N. (1990). Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: correlation of radiologic and pathologic findings in the brain. Radiographics, 10(2), 201-15.
Journal Article
AIDS dementia. Your assessment can make all the difference
RN
1990
Mar-90
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2315623
2315623
Adaptation,Psychological Adult AIDS AIDS Dementia Complex Case Report Dementia Education,Nursing,Continuing Female Human Male nursing Nursing Assessment Patient Education physiopathology psychology United States
J. McArthur (1990). AIDS dementia. Your assessment can make all the difference. RN, 53(3), 36-42.
Journal Article
Estimating the distribution of times from HIV seroconversion to AIDS using multiple imputation. Multicentre AIDS Cohort Study
Stat Med
1990
May-90
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2190287
Multiple imputation is a model based technique for handling missing data problems. In this application we use the technique to estimate the distribution of times from HIV seroconversion to AIDS diagnosis with data from a cohort study of 4954 homosexual men with 4 years of follow-up. In this example the missing data are the dates of diagnosis with AIDS. The imputation procedure is performed in two stages. In the first stage, we estimate the residual AIDS-free time distribution as a function of covariates measured on the study participants with data provided by the participants who were seropositive at study entry. Specifically, we assume the residual AIDS-free times follow a log- normal regression model that depends on the covariates measured at enrolment on the seropositive participants. In the second stage we impute the date of AIDS diagnosis for the participants who seroconverted during the course of the study and are AIDS-free with use of the log-normal distribution estimated in the
10.1002/sim.4780090504
2190287
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Age Factors AIDS AIDS Serodiagnosis analysis blood clinical cohort Cohort Studies cohort study complications Confidence Intervals diagnosis epidemiology etiology Follow-Up Studies Hemoglobins Hiv HIV Seropositivity homosexual homosexual men Homosexuality Human Incidence Logistic Models Male model Multicenter Studies Platelet Count Predictive Value of Tests Prevalence seroconversion seropositive study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. Time Factors United States Urban Population
J. M. G. M. Taylor, A., Bass, S.M., Saah, A.J., Chmiel, J.S., Kingsley, L.A. (1990). Estimating the distribution of times from HIV seroconversion to AIDS using multiple imputation. Multicentre AIDS Cohort Study. Stat Med, 9(5), 505-514.
Journal Article
Factors related to seroconversion among homo- and bisexual men after attending a risk-reduction educational session
AIDS
1989
Oct-89
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2512958
Thirteen homosexual men, volunteers in a study of the natural history of HIV, who seroconverted to HIV after participating in an educational program on HIV prevention, were interviewed about the circumstances leading to their seroconversion. Six men had participated in unprotected anal intercourse with at least one partner whom they believed was HIV-negative. Four men attributed their conversion to mental health problems or to drug and alcohol use. Two men's seroconversions could not be ascertained and one man attributed seroconversion to a condom break. Most men who had learned how to avoid infection, and had successfully done so for a time, had knowingly engaged in unsafe behaviors because of strong emotional responses to certain partners or because of mental health or drug and alcohol- related problems. Skills training for dealing with partners who pressure men to behave unsafely is needed, as is mental health and drug and alcohol counseling for men at risk for HIV infection
10.1097/00002030-198910000-00005
2512958
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Adult alcohol alcohol use anal intercourse Attitude to Health bisexual men Bisexuality Choice Behavior complications condom Contraceptive Devices,Male Disease Emotions Equipment Failure Health Education Hiv HIV infection HIV Seropositivity homosexual homosexual men Homosexuality Human Impulsive Behavior infection infectious diseases Male microbiology Middle Age natural history Pressure prevention & control psychology Risk Risk Factors Safety seroconversion Sex Behavior Sexual Partners study Substance-Related Disorders Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. transmission United States
A. J. L. Silvestre, D.W., Valdiserri, R.O., Huggins, J., Rinaldo, C.R., Jr. (1989). Factors related to seroconversion among homo- and bisexual men after attending a risk-reduction educational session. AIDS, 3(10), 647-650.
Journal Article
AIDS prevention in homosexual and bisexual men: results of a randomized trial evaluating two risk reduction interventions
AIDS
1989
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2496707
This study evaluates two AIDS risk-reduction interventions targeted at homosexual and bisexual men. Participants were randomized into two peer-led interventions: both involved a lecture on 'safer sex', and one provided a skills-training component during which men could discuss and rehearse the negotiation of safer sexual encounters. Follow-up data collection assessed self-reported changes in sexual behavior at 6 and 12 months. Skills training increased condom use for insertive anal intercourse. In sessions providing skills training, condom use increased, on average, by 44% between pre-test and second follow-up compared with only 11% on average in sessions which did not provide such training.
2496707
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*prevention & control Adult Aged Analysis of Variance *Bisexuality Cohort Studies Contraceptive Devices, Male Follow-Up Studies *Homosexuality Humans Male Middle Aged *Patient Education as Topic Random Allocation Risk Factors *Sexual Behavior *Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome--prevention and control Americas Barrier Methods Behavior Biology *Cohort Analysis *Condom Contraception Contraceptive Methods *Data Analysis *Data Collection Developed Countries Diseases Education *Evaluation Family Planning Hiv Infections *Homosexuals *Incidence Measurement North America Northern America Research Methodology *Risk Factors--changes *Sex Behavior--changes *Sex Education United States Viral Diseases
R. O. L. Valdiserri, D. W., Leviton, L. C., Callahan, C. M., Kingsley, L. A., Rinaldo, C. R. (1989). AIDS prevention in homosexual and bisexual men: results of a randomized trial evaluating two risk reduction interventions. AIDS, 3(1), 21-6.
Journal Article
Disclosure of HIV antibody status: behavioral and mental health correlates
AIDS Educ Prev
1989
Spring
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2641214
2641214
AIDS Serodiagnosis/*psychology Adult Chicago Counseling HIV Infections/diagnosis/*psychology/transmission Humans Male Mental Health Multivariate Analysis Regression Analysis Risk Assessment Sexual Behavior *Truth Disclosure Health Care and Public Health Professional Patient Relationship
D. G. J. Ostrow, J. G., Kessler, R., Soucy, J., Tal, M., Eller, M., Chmiel, J., Phair, J. P. (1989). Disclosure of HIV antibody status: behavioral and mental health correlates. AIDS Educ Prev, 1(1), 11-Jan.
Journal Article
Bone marrow examination in patients with AIDS and AIDS-related complex (ARC). Morphologic and in situ hybridization studies
Am J Clin Pathol
1989
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2816812
Bone marrow examinations were performed on 20 patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and 39 with AIDS-related complex (ARC). Fever of unknown origin and thrombocytopenia were common in ARC, but anemia and leukopenia were most frequent in AIDS. Changes in stromal cells and perivascular cuffing of plasma cells were found significantly more often in patients with AIDS than in those with ARC. Malignancies were common in both groups. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) nucleic acids were detected with the use of a 3H-labeled cDNA probe with an in situ hybridization method in 11 bone marrow samples (three ARC and eight AIDS). Most commonly positive cells were mononucleated, resembling lymphocytes and histiocytes. Endothelial cells, interdigitating reticulum cells, nucleated red blood cells, and immature myeloid cells also had positive results in some instances. The number of HIV-positive cells was not related to the size of the bone biopsies or the clinical diagnoses. The au
10.1093/ajcp/92.5.589
2816812
AIDS-Related Complex/microbiology/*pathology Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/microbiology/*pathology Adipose Tissue/pathology Adult Bone Marrow/microbiology/*pathology DNA Probes Erythropoiesis Female HIV/genetics/isolation & purification Hematopoiesis Hematopoietic Stem Cells/pathology Histiocytes/pathology Humans Male Middle Aged Nucleic Acid Hybridization Nucleic Acids/analysis Phagocytosis Plasma Cells/pathology Retrospective Studies
N. C. S. Sun, P., Lachant, N. A., Hsu, M. Y., Sieger, L., Schmid, P., Beall, G., Imagawa, D. T. (1989). Bone marrow examination in patients with AIDS and AIDS-related complex (ARC). Morphologic and in situ hybridization studies. Am J Clin Pathol, 92(5), 589-94.
Journal Article
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-free time after human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) seroconversion in homosexual men. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Group
Am J Epidemiol
1989
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2669471
To estimate the time interval between human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) seroconversion and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) diagnosis in homosexual men, prospective incident cohorts are difficult to obtain and, if assembled, provide few events owing to the long incubation time. Although seroprevalent cohorts are numerous in size and events, the information is limited due to the unknown times since seroconversion. To combine the information provided by 1,628 seroprevalent men (304 AIDS cases) and 233 seroconverters (12 AIDS cases) being followed in a multicenter study since 1984, the postseroconversion changes in hematologic variables occurring in the incident cohort were used to develop a model that allowed for the imputation of the unknown times since seroconversion for the seroprevalent cohort. Nonparametric life table methods incorporating truncation and censoring were applied for the estimation of the probability distribution of the AIDS-free time after seroconve
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115367
2669471
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/blood/*epidemiology HIV Seropositivity/*epidemiology *Homosexuality Humans Longitudinal Studies Male Multicenter Studies as Topic Probability Risk Factors Time Factors
A. W. Munoz, M. C., Bass, S., Taylor, J. M., Kingsley, L. A., Chmiel, J. S., Polk, B. F. (1989). Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-free time after human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) seroconversion in homosexual men. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Group. Am J Epidemiol, 130(3), 530-9.
Journal Article
HIV-related symptoms and psychological functioning in a cohort of homosexual men
Am J Psychiatry
1989
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2658626
The authors administered the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale to 4,954 homosexual men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. HIV antibody status at enrollment was a less important predictor of psychological distress than were reported physical symptoms. Multivariate analysis showed an association between a high score on each CES-D Scale component and the number of self-reported possible AIDS- or HIV-related symptoms, perceived lymphadenopathy, and absence of "someone to talk to about serious problems." This relationship between self-reported physical symptoms and psychological distress suggests a possible etiologic relationship between perceived AIDS risk and psychological symptoms in men at risk of AIDS.
10.1176/ajp.146.6.737
2658626
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*psychology Adult Bisexuality Cohort Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Depression/*etiology/prevention & control HIV Seropositivity *Homosexuality Humans Interpersonal Relations Male Middle Aged Multicenter Studies as Topic Psychotropic Drugs/therapeutic use Risk Factors Self-Assessment Substance-Related Disorders
D. G. M. Ostrow, A., Joseph, J., VanRaden, M., Fox, R., Kingsley, L., Dudley, J., Phair, J. (1989). HIV-related symptoms and psychological functioning in a cohort of homosexual men. Am J Psychiatry, 146(6), 737-42.
Journal Article
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection a median of 18 months before a diagnostic western blot. Evidence from a cohort of homosexual men
Ann Intern Med
1989
12/15/1989
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2512827
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To study the natural history of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, we used an in-vitro amplification technique to detect HIV-1 nucleic acid sequences in sequential aliquots of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from homosexual men enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. DESIGN and PATIENTS: Blinded, longitudinal study of 24 homosexual men who were positive for HIV-1 antibodies at a recent follow-up visit. MEASUREMENTS and MAIN RESULTS: Coded clinical samples were evaluated using two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (whole virus and gp120-gp41 fragment), Western blot, a p24 antigen capture assay, virus cocultivation, and in-vitro amplification of conserved regions from the HIV-1 gag and env open- reading frames. In 20 of the 24 men an HIV-1 enzymatically amplified product was detected before HIV-1 antibody seroconversion: at 42 months before seroconversion in two cases; at 36 months in one case; at 30 months in one case; at 24 months in four
10.7326/0003-4819-111-12-961
2512827
AIDS AIDS Serodiagnosis analysis Antibodies antibody Antigens blood Blotting,Western Chicago clinical cohort Cohort Studies cohort study diagnosis Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay follow-up Gene Amplification Gene Products,gag genetics Hiv HIV Antigens HIV Core Protein p24 HIV Infections Hiv-1 homosexual homosexual men Homosexuality Human human immunodeficiency virus Illinois immunodeficiency immunology In Vitro infection isolation & purification longitudinal Longitudinal Studies Male measurement Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study natural history Open Reading Frames Prospective Studies Proviruses Retroviridae sera seroconversion study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. T-Lymphocytes Time Factors United States Viral Core Proteins virus Virus Cultivation
S. M. R. Wolinsky, C.R., Kwok, S., Sninsky, J.J., Gupta, P., Imagawa, D., Farzadegan, H., Jacobson, L.P., Grovit, K.S., Lee, M.H., Chmiel, J.S., Ginzburg, H., Kaslow, R.A., Phair, J.P. (1989). Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection a median of 18 months before a diagnostic western blot. Evidence from a cohort of homosexual men. Ann Intern Med, 111(12), 961-972.
Journal Article
Neuropathological changes in early HIV-1 dementia
Ann Neurol
1989
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2817844
Early pathological abnormalities in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1)-related dementia have not been well documented. We report a homosexual man with fatigue and intermittent diarrhea in whom early HIV-1-related dementia was demonstrated during neurological screening in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Within 4 months he died of massive epistaxis, and the brain revealed astrocytosis of white matter and mild pallor of myelin staining in the absence of inflammation, multinucleated giant cells, and brain atrophy.
10.1002/ana.410260516
2817844
AIDS Dementia Complex/*pathology Adult Humans Male
J. C. B. McArthur, P. S., Parisi, J. E., Trapp, B., Selnes, O. A., Cornblath, D. R., Balakrishnan, J., Griffin, J. W., Price, D. (1989). Neuropathological changes in early HIV-1 dementia. Ann Neurol, 26(5), 681-4.
Journal Article
Low prevalence of neurological and neuropsychological abnormalities in otherwise healthy HIV-1-infected individuals: results from the multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
Ann Neurol
1989
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2817836
Accurate description of the prevalence of neurological impairment in healthy individuals who are infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has relevance for public health policy, for employment issues, and for planning future health needs. Within the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, we determined the cross-sectional prevalence of neurological abnormalities in 270 HIV-1 seropositive homosexual and bisexual men in Centers for Disease Control Groups II and III, using a control group of 193 HIV-1 seronegative homosexual men. Utilizing a neurological and neuropsychological screening battery, we found no differences in the prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms or in neuropsychological performance. One hundred nineteen subjects with abnormalities on screening tests completed additional neuropsychological testing and had neurological examinations. The majority had normal results and the frequency of neurological abnormalities and impaired neuropsychological performance was not
10.1002/ana.410260504
2817836
AIDS Dementia Complex/diagnosis/*physiopathology Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/cerebrospinal fluid/*complications Adult Age Factors Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Middle Aged Neuropsychological Tests
J. C. McArthur, B. A., Selnes, O. A., Kumar, A. J., Cooper, K., McArthur, J. H., Soucy, G., Cornblath, D. R., Chmiel, J. S., Wang, M. C., et al., (1989). Low prevalence of neurological and neuropsychological abnormalities in otherwise healthy HIV-1-infected individuals: results from the multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Ann Neurol, 26(5), 601-11.
Journal Article
g-interferon-induced monocyte major histocompatibility complex class II antigen expression individuals with acquired immune deficiency syndrome
Cell Immunol
1989
10/15/1989
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2507169
Twelve patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and Kaposi's sarcoma were treated with recombinant human gamma-interferon (rIFN-gamma). A rapid, substantial increase in the fraction of HLA-DQ- positive monocytes was noted after treatment with rIFN-gamma. The rIFN- gamma-induced increase in monocyte HLA-DQ was seen throughout the course of treatment, with the percentage of HLA-DQ-positive monocytes dropping slightly following each week's treatment with rIFN-gamma and then rapidly increasing following the next course of treatment. Although the percentage of HLA-DR-positive monocytes was unchanged (HLA- DR was expressed on greater than 80% of monocytes prior to treatment), the density of HLA-DR on monocytes also increased following rIFN-gamma treatment. Following rIFN-gamma treatment, no changes were seen in CD3, CD4, CD8 T cell numbers, in T cell subset ratio (CD4/CD8), in Leu 7 or CD16 (Leu 11) cell number, in spontaneous Ig secretion, in PHA-induced in vitro prolife
10.1016/0008-8749(89)90292-x
2507169
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome AIDS Antigens CD4 CD8 deficiency Dose-Response Relationship,Drug drug effects HLA-D Antigens HLA-DR Human immune immune deficiency Immunity,Natural immunoglobulin Immunoglobulins immunology In Vitro Interferon-gamma,Recombinant Killer Cells,Natural Leukocyte Count Lymphocyte Transformation Lymphocytes Major Histocompatibility Complex microbiology Monocytes pharmacology Sarcoma,Kaposi secretion Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. t cell therapeutic use therapy United States
O. M. Martinez-Maza, R.T., Miles, S.A., Giorgi, J.V., Heitjan, D.F., Sherwin, S.A., Fahey, J.L. (1989). g-interferon-induced monocyte major histocompatibility complex class II antigen expression individuals with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Cell Immunol, 123(2), 316-324.
Journal Article
Development of antibodies to HIV-1 is associated with an increase in circulating CD3+CD4-CD8- lymphocytes
Clin Immunol Immunopathol
1989
Jun-89
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2785883
This study investigated whether seroconversion with respect to human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV-1) was associated with an increase in lymphocytes expressing the CD3+CD4-CD8- phenotype. Proportions and absolute numbers of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ lymphocytes were determined prospectively over a 2.5-year period on 4954 homosexual and/or bisexual men participating in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Of the 4808 men whose serostatus at entry could be verified, 1745 were seropositive (SP) for antibodies to HIV-1 at entry into study, 2795 were uniformly seronegative (SN) for HIV-1 for 30 months, and 268 were seroconverters (SC) with respect to HIV-1 during this period. For each of six semiannual evaluations, proportions and numbers of CD3+CD4-CD8- lymphocytes (calculated as CD3- (CD4 + CD8] were both significantly greater in the SP group than in the SN group (P less than 0.001). Mean CD3+CD4-CD8- levels in the SC group were indistinguishable from those in the SN group before seroconve
10.1016/0090-1229(89)90033-0
2785883
AIDS Antibodies antibody Antigens Antigens,Differentiation,T-Lymphocyte Baltimore biosynthesis bisexual men blood CD4 CD4+ CD8 CD8+ classification cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Cross-Sectional Studies evaluation Hiv HIV Antibodies HIV Seropositivity Hiv-1 homosexual Human human immunodeficiency virus immunodeficiency immunology Leukocyte Count Longitudinal Studies lymphocyte Lymphocytes Male measurement methods Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study natural killer cells Phenotype seroconversion seropositive serostatus study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. t cell t lymphocytes t-cells T-Lymphocytes United States virus
J. B. C. Margolick, V., Muñoz, A., Polk, B.F., Giorgi, J.V., Bauer, K.D., Kaslow, R., Rinaldo, C. (1989). Development of antibodies to HIV-1 is associated with an increase in circulating CD3+CD4-CD8- lymphocytes. Clin Immunol Immunopathol, 51(3), 348-361.
Journal Article
T-cell subset alterations in HIV-infected homosexual men: NIAID Multicenter AIDS cohort study
Clin Immunol Immunopathol
1989
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2656013
Immunologic changes in HIV-infected homosexual men without AIDS were studied using flow cytometry and monoclonal antibodies. A decline in CD4 cells occurred after anti-HIV antibodies detectable by ELISA developed. CD4 T-cell levels dropped to an average of 60% of their original level within 12-18 months after seroconversion. Subsequently, CD4 levels remained constant in most HIV seropositive men for several years. However, in men who developed AIDS, there was a rapid fall in the CD4 level during the 2 years prior to development of AIDS. Throughout the course of HIV disease, the total T-cell levels (CD3) remained constant, apparently due to CD8 lymphocytosis. The selective depletion by HIV infection of discrete functional subsets of CD4 cells was examined using 4B4, 2H4, HB-11, and Leu-8 monoclonal antibodies and dual color immunofluorescence. No selective depletion of CD4 subsets was noted using any of these reagents. However, selective activation of subsets of CD8 lymphocytes characte
10.1016/0090-1229(89)90188-8
2656013
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/*analysis/immunology Cohort Studies HIV Seropositivity/immunology HIV-1/*immunology Homosexuality Humans Los Angeles Male Multicenter Studies as Topic T-Lymphocytes/*classification/immunology
J. V. D. Giorgi, R. (1989). T-cell subset alterations in HIV-infected homosexual men: NIAID Multicenter AIDS cohort study. Clin Immunol Immunopathol, 52(1), 8-Oct.
Journal Article
Up-regulation of natural killer activity of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients by in vitro-differentiated macrophages
Clin Immunol Immunopathol
1989
Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2924437
Patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related complex and asymptomatic individuals seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have depressed natural killer (NK) activity. Normal human macrophages cultured for 3-7 days significantly up-regulated the NK activity of mononuclear cells obtained from the blood of asymptomatic HIV-seropositive individuals and patients with AIDS. Following a 4-hr incubation of patients' cells with in vitro-differentiated macrophages, the greatest augmentation of NK activity was seen in asymptomatic HIV-seropositive individuals who were receiving treatment with azidothymidine. Stimulation of macrophage immunoregulatory activities or adoptive immunotherapy with ex vivo-activated monocytes may be beneficial in HIV-infected patients.
10.1016/0090-1229(89)90213-4
2924437
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology/therapy Cells, Cultured HIV Seropositivity/*immunology/therapy Humans *Immunity, Innate Immunotherapy Killer Cells, Natural/*immunology Macrophages/*immunology
Z. L. H. Chang, X. L., Rinaldo, C., Herberman, R. B., Whiteside, T. L. (1989). Up-regulation of natural killer activity of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients by in vitro-differentiated macrophages. Clin Immunol Immunopathol, 51(1), 133-9.
Journal Article
Defective T cell colony formation and IL-2 receptor expression in HIV- infected homosexuals: relationship between functional abnormalities and CD4 cell numbers
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
1989
1989
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2526869
HIV infection is known to induce a progressive T helper/inducer (CD4) lymphopenia and to impair the functional activities of residual cells. The present studies examined the relationship between the CD4 cell count and three functional assays: T cell colony formation in semisolid media, the capacity of PHA-stimulated cells to express IL-2 receptors, and their ability to synthesize and secrete IL-2. Cells from antibody- positive homosexuals with normal numbers of CD4 cells (greater than 700/microliters) showed defective reactivity in two assays, colony growth, and IL-2 receptor expression. These defects became progressively more pronounced in homosexuals with moderate (400-700 cells/microliters) and severe (less than 400/microliters) reductions in assays for IL-2 production by PHA-stimulated lymphocytes. Mixing experiments suggest that cells from HIV-infected men nonspecifically inhibit the colony growth of normal cells; this abnormality could be reversed by addition of exogenous IL-2. T
2526869
analysis Antibodies Antibodies,Monoclonal antibody assay biosynthesis CD4 Cell Count cells change diagnostic use Hiv HIV Antibodies HIV infection HIV Seropositivity homosexual Homosexuality Human immunology infection Interleukin-2 Leukocyte Count lymphocyte Lymphocyte Transformation Lymphocytes Male metabolism pathology Pittsburgh Receptors,Interleukin-2 study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. t cell T-Lymphocytes T-Lymphocytes,Helper-Inducer United States
A. K. Winkelstein, L.A., Weaver, L.D., Machen, L.L. (1989). Defective T cell colony formation and IL-2 receptor expression in HIV- infected homosexuals: relationship between functional abnormalities and CD4 cell numbers. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 2(4), 353-358.
Journal Article
CD4 percentage, CD4 number, and CD4:CD8 ratio in HIV infection: which to choose and how to use
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
1989
1989
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2495346
Data from a 3 year longitudinal study of CD4 levels in 813 untreated HIV-seropositive men are presented. Baseline CD4 levels were used to stratify the men for the severity of HIV disease at the outset of the study, and each man's CD4 levels and progression to AIDS were evaluated. These data can be used to advise patients who are HIV seropositive on the likelihood that they will deteriorate immunologically or progress to AIDS based on their own CD4 cell level obtained from laboratory evaluation. Graphs are presented here for 1, 2, and 3 years of follow-up. As expected, each individual's absolute CD4 lymphocyte number, CD4 lymphocyte percent, and CD4:CD8 ratio were strongly correlated, and were similar in their ability to predict the development of AIDS. In this sense, all three are useful markers for monitoring individuals with HIV infection, and for many clinical situations from a practical point of view there is little to choose between the markers. However, the CD4 percent has slight
2495346
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome AIDS analysis Antigens Antigens,CD8 Antigens,Differentiation,T-Lymphocyte CD4 CD8 classification clinical Clinical Trials diagnosis Disease evaluation follow-up Hiv HIV infection HIV Seropositivity Human immunology Immunotherapy infection Laboratories longitudinal Longitudinal Studies Los Angeles lymphocyte Male marker markers measurement mortality Prognosis progression seropositive study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. T-Lymphocytes United States
J. M. G. F. Taylor, J.L., Detels, R., Giorgi, J.V. (1989). CD4 percentage, CD4 number, and CD4:CD8 ratio in HIV infection: which to choose and how to use. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 2(2), 114-124.
Journal Article
Serum neopterin changes in HIV-infected subjects: indicator of significant pathology, CD4 T cell changes, and the development of AIDS
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1988)
1989
1989
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2783972
Serum neopterin is a metabolite of dihydroneopterin triphosphate, which is produced from GTP during immune activation. A study was undertaken in homosexual male subjects followed at 6 month intervals for 3 or more years to determine the value of serum neopterin changes induced by HIV infection. The significance of serum neopterin levels in evaluating prognosis of HIV-infected individuals was also assessed. Serum neopterin was found to be a useful indicator of the presence of HIV infection. Stratification of 29 HIV seroconverters showed a strong inverse correlation between the serum neopterin rise and the blood CD4 T cell fall in the first year following HIV infection. Thus, a small increase in neopterin (less than 5 nmol/L) at the time of HIV seroconversion was associated with minimal CD4 T cell reduction and a large increase (greater than 12 nmol/L) was associated with a much greater CD4 T cell fall. Neopterin levels were markedly different (lower) in individuals with little or no CD4
2783972
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*blood/diagnosis/immunology/pathology Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/*analysis Biopterin/*analogs & derivatives/blood HIV Seropositivity/blood/immunology Homosexuality Humans Male Neopterin T-Lymphocytes/*classification/immunology
R. N. T. Melmed, J. M., Detels, R., Bozorgmehri, M., Fahey, J. L. (1989). Serum neopterin changes in HIV-infected subjects: indicator of significant pathology, CD4 T cell changes, and the development of AIDS. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1988), 2(1), 70-6.
Journal Article
Seroconversion, Sexual-Activity, and Condom Use among 2915-Hiv Seronegative Men Followed for up to 2 Years
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol
1989
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2918462/
A cohort of 2915 HIV-1-seronegative men from the four centers of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) was followed at 6 month intervals for 24 months to identify men who developed antibodies to HIV-1. Two hundred thirty-two men (8%) seroconverted. The highest attack rate was among men who reported practicing both receptive and insertive anal- genital intercourse. The attack rate among men who reported practicing receptive but not insertive intercourse was 3.6 times higher than among men practicing insertive intercourse although those practicing insertive only reported 38% more different partners. Only two men seroconverted who reported not practicing analgenital intercourse in the 12 month prior to the first antibody-positive visit. Because men were followed every 6 months, one of these men could have been infected within 6 months of the actual development of HIV-1 antibodies. The seroconversion rate was significantly lower among men who reported using condoms with all their partne
2918462
AIDS Antibodies antibody Bisexuality Cohort Studies cohort study condom Condoms Contraceptive Devices,Male Disease Follow-Up Studies Hiv HIV Seropositivity Hiv-1 HIV-1 infection homosexual homosexual men Homosexuality Human infection MACS Male Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Risk Sex Behavior study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. United States
R. E. Detels, P., Visscher, B. R., Jacobson, L., Kingsley, L. A., Chmiel, J. S., Dudley, J. P., Eldred, L. J., Ginzburg, H. M. (1989). Seroconversion, Sexual-Activity, and Condom Use among 2915-Hiv Seronegative Men Followed for up to 2 Years. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol, 2(1), 77-83.
Journal Article
Psychosocial aspects of HIV/AIDS care
J Am Dent Assoc
1989
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2531766
10.14219/jada.archive.1989.0279
2531766
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*psychology Confidentiality *Dental Care for Disabled Dental Staff/psychology *Dentist-Patient Relations Education, Dental, Continuing HIV Infections/*psychology HIV Seropositivity/*psychology Humans *Social Environment *Social Support
J. E. M. Wesch, S., D'Achille, C. (1989). Psychosocial aspects of HIV/AIDS care. J Am Dent Assoc, Suppl(), 12S-15S.
Journal Article
Neuropsychological performance in HIV-1 immunocompromised patients: a preliminary report
J Clin Exp Neuropsychol
1989
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2808663
This study examined the pattern of neuropsychologic abnormalities in three groups of subjects: 20 patients diagnosed with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS); 14 patients diagnosed with AIDS Related Complex (ARC); and 13 seronegative controls. Subjects with past history of chronic substance abuse, neurologic disease, or focal findings on MRI or CT were excluded. All subjects were administered a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. Results revealed a pattern of preserved attention and concentration, language skills, and most visuospatial construction abilities in the presence of more notable deficits in nonverbal memory and speeded psychomotor tasks. Practical implications for the early detection of HIV-1 related cognitive dysfunction are addressed.
10.1080/01688638908400930
2808663
AIDS-Related Complex/*psychology Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*psychology Adult Attention Cognition HIV Seropositivity/*psychology Humans Intelligence Male Memory *Neuropsychological Tests Statistics as Topic Task Performance and Analysis
W. G. M. Van Gorp, E. N., Satz, P., Visscher, B. (1989). Neuropsychological performance in HIV-1 immunocompromised patients: a preliminary report. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol, 11(5), 763-73.
Journal Article
Serum and effector-cell antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity remains high during human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progression
J Clin Immunol
1989
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2576558
The activity of both serum and effector cell antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1, HIV) was assessed in HIV-infected individuals. The goal was to relate ADCC levels with the stage or progression of HIV disease. Serial serum samples, usually collected at 6-month intervals, from individuals at defined stages of HIV disease (seroconversion, the HIV-seropositive period before AIDS, and around the time of clinical AIDS diagnosis) were tested. HIV-coated CEM tumor cells were used as targets. Effector-cell ADCC activity was evaluated using fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from HIV-infected individuals at different stages of HIV disease. Samples were obtained from male homosexual participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). In seroconverters, ADCC-inducing HIV-specific antibodies were detected at the time that the ELISA antibody test was first positive. Within several months, serum ADCC activity stabilized in ea
10.1007/BF00918014
2576558
Analysis of Variance Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity/*immunology CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology Cohort Studies Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic HIV/*immunology HIV Antibodies/biosynthesis/immunology HIV Infections/epidemiology/*immunology HIV Seropositivity/immunology HIV-1/*immunology Humans Leukocyte Count Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology Los Angeles/epidemiology Male Multicenter Studies as Topic
E. N. Ojo-Amaize, P. G., Heitjan, D. F., Rezai, A., Esmail, I., Korns, E., Detels, R., Fahey, J., Giorgi, J. V. (1989). Serum and effector-cell antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity remains high during human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progression. J Clin Immunol, 9(6), 454-61.
Journal Article
Association of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) p24 antigenemia with decrease in CD4+ lymphocytes and onset of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome during the early phase of HIV infection
J Clin Microbiol
1989
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2501352
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) p24 antigenemia was assessed in a longitudinal study of 52 homosexual men who developed serum antibody to HIV. Antibody seroconversion to HIV as defined by a positive HIV enzyme immunoassay (EIA) confirmed by Western (immuno-) blot was associated with three major patterns of HIV antigenemia. In the first pattern, a transient antigenemia was noted 6 (six subjects) and 12 (one subject) months prior to detection of antibody by HIV EIA and Western blot in 7 (13.5%) of the 52 men. Use of an EIA employing a recombinant envelope protein (ENV9) was able to detect antibody in four of these seven men at the time of this early antigenemia. In the second pattern, HIV p24 antigenemia occurred in 8 (15.4%) of the 52 subjects within the first 12 months after HIV antibody seroconversion. No p24 antigen was detected in the 37 (71.1%) remaining subjects. CD4+ cell numbers were lower in antigen-positive men before and after antibody seroconversion. Development of acquir
10.1128/JCM.27.5.880-884.1989
2501352
PMC267447
AIDS-Related Complex/blood/immunology Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/blood/*immunology Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/analysis Blotting, Western HIV Antibodies/*analysis/biosynthesis HIV Antigens/*analysis/immunology HIV Core Protein p24 Homosexuality Humans Immunoenzyme Techniques Leukocyte Count Longitudinal Studies Male Retroviridae Proteins/*analysis/immunology T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
C. K. Rinaldo, L., Neumann, J., Reed, D., Gupta, P., Lyter, D. (1989). Association of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) p24 antigenemia with decrease in CD4+ lymphocytes and onset of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome during the early phase of HIV infection. J Clin Microbiol, 27(5), 880-4. PMC267447
Journal Article
Association of alpha interferon production with natural killer cell lysis of U937 cells infected with human immunodeficiency virus
J Clin Microbiol
1989
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2913035
Mononuclear leukocytes from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seronegative and -seropositive homosexual men lysed HIV-infected U937 cells to a significantly greater degree than uninfected U937 cells. Depletion of cell subsets with monoclonal antibodies and complement indicated that the effector cells were primarily of the CD16+ phenotype. Acid-stable alpha interferon (IFN-alpha) production induced by the HIV-infected cells correlated with, although was not an absolute requisite for, preferential lysis of the infected targets. The activity of these CD16+, natural killer (NK) cells decreased in relation to the duration of HIV infection and the presence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Pretreatment of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HIV-seronegative subjects, but not HIV-seropositive men, with IFN-alpha or recombinant interleukin-2 enhanced lysis of both uninfected and HIV-infected U937 cells. These results suggest that IFN-alpha-associated, NK-like mechanisms are active in
10.1128/JCM.27.1.41-48.1989
2913035
PMC267229
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology Cell Line Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic *Cytotoxicity, Immunologic HIV/*immunology/physiology Humans Interferon Type I/*biosynthesis Killer Cells, Natural/*immunology Male Monocytes/immunology/microbiology Neutralization Tests Phenotype
G. T. Rappocciolo, J. F., Torpey, D. J., 3rd, Gupta, P., Rinaldo, C. R., Jr. (1989). Association of alpha interferon production with natural killer cell lysis of U937 cells infected with human immunodeficiency virus. J Clin Microbiol, 27(1), 41-8. PMC267229
Journal Article
Performance of serological assays for early detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 seroconversion
J Clin Microbiol
1989
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2671037
Early detection of sexually transmitted human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection was investigated in newly infected persons to determine the sensitivities of currently available serologic techniques. Serial serum samples were obtained from 51 newly infected persons in a cohort of 1,153 homosexual or bisexual men participating in the Baltimore Center of the Multi-Center AIDS Cohort Study during the first 2.5 years of follow-up. Of 51 participants, 45 seroconverted between any two seminannual visits and 6 were found to have been infected just prior to study entry. Five enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), two immunoblots, and an HIV-1 P24 antigen capture assay were performed on a panel of all serial serum samples from these individuals. The sensitivity of ELISAs varied between 50 and 84% in seroconverters with less-developed antibody response. In this group of seroconverters, the most sensitive antibody assay was an immunoblot from Biotech (95%) and HIV-1 P24 was fou
10.1128/JCM.27.8.1882-1884.1989
2671037
PMC267690
*AIDS Serodiagnosis Blotting, Western Cohort Studies Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay HIV Antibodies/*analysis HIV Seropositivity/*diagnosis HIV-1/*immunology Humans Male Multicenter Studies as Topic Predictive Value of Tests Prospective Studies Reagent Kits, Diagnostic
H. T. Farzadegan, E., Hardy, W., Odaka, N., Polk, B. F. (1989). Performance of serological assays for early detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 seroconversion. J Clin Microbiol, 27(8), 1882-4. PMC267690
Journal Article
Cross-sectional study of reverse transcriptase-inhibiting antibody as a marker of acquired immune deficiency syndrome
J Clin Microbiol
1989
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2475522/
2475522
PMC267592
M. I. Advani, DT, Lee, MH, Sano, K, Morales, F, Mitsuyasu, RT, Detels, R (1989). Cross-sectional study of reverse transcriptase-inhibiting antibody as a marker of acquired immune deficiency syndrome. J Clin Microbiol, 27(7), 1453-1455. PMC267592
Journal Article
Induction of IL-6 (B cell stimulatory factor-2/IFN-b2 production by HIV
J Immunol
1989
1/15/1989
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2783441
Polyclonal B cell activation is commonly observed in AIDS and in infection with HIV. The effect of HIV on the induction of B cell stimulatory factor 2 (BSF-2) production was examined, since BSF-2 plays an essential role in the differentiation of activated B cells to Ig- secreting cells. Increased BSF-2 mRNA levels and increased BSF-2 secretion were observed soon after exposure of mononuclear cells isolated from healthy donors to both 'live' and inactivated HIV. HIV- induced BSF-2 production was seen in monocyte/macrophages, but not in T cells. These results suggest that the HIV-induced overproduction of BSF- 2 might contribute to the polyclonal B cell activation seen in AIDS and in infection with HIV
2783441
activation AIDS Antibodies antibody B cells B-Lymphocytes Binding,Competitive biology biosynthesis Cell Line cells Gene Expression Regulation genetics Hiv HIV Antibodies Human immunology infection interleukin 6 Interleukin-6 Interleukins Japan Lymphocyte Transformation Macrophages metabolism Monocytes mRNA Neutralization Tests physiology secretion Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,Non-P.H.S. Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. t cell t-cells United States
K. M.-M. Nakajima, O., Hirano, T., Breen, E.C., Nishanian, P.G., Salazar-Gonzalez, J.F., Fahey, J.L., Kishimoto, T. (1989). Induction of IL-6 (B cell stimulatory factor-2/IFN-b2 production by HIV. J Immunol, 142(2), 531-536.
Journal Article
Enhanced antibody responses to Epstein-Barr virus in HIV-infected homosexual men
J Infect Dis
1989
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2536790
We investigated the association between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections in 593 homosexual men. The status of EBV infection in this group was evaluated based on serological evidence of EBV-specific antibody responses. The geometric mean titers (GMT) of antibody to EBV capsid antigen (EBV-VCA) (1:154) and EBV early antigen (EA) (1:16) in 141 HIV-seropositive men were significantly higher than respective titers in 452 HIV seronegative men (1:95 and 1:12). Antibody titers to EBV were higher in HIV-infected men with lymphadenopathy than in asymptomatic HIV-seropositive men. However, these correlation were less evident in patients with AIDS-related complex. Elevated antibody titers to EBV were found to be independent of levels of total serum IgG. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibody titers were also found to be significantly increased among HIV-seropositive men, independent of total IgG. Antibody titers to EBV were not correlated with those to CMV in eith
10.1093/infdis/159.3.472
2536790
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology/*microbiology/pathology Antibodies, Viral/*analysis Cytomegalovirus/immunology HIV Seropositivity/immunology/microbiology/pathology Herpesvirus 4, Human/*immunology *Homosexuality Humans Leukocyte Count T-Lymphocytes/classification
M. A. K. Rahman, L. A., Breinig, M. K., Ho, M., Armstrong, J. A., Atchison, R. W., Lyter, D. W., Rinaldo, C. R., Jr. (1989). Enhanced antibody responses to Epstein-Barr virus in HIV-infected homosexual men. J Infect Dis, 159(3), 472-9.
Journal Article
Cell-to-cell transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in the presence of azidothymidine and neutralizing antibody
J Virol
1989
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2704079
Very few peripheral blood lymphocytes of seropositive individuals are presumably actively infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). During coculture of lymphocytes of a seropositive individual with mitogen-stimulated normal peripheral blood lymphocytes, the number of infected cells becomes amplified such that detectable HIV-1 is produced. We report here that in addition to transmission by extracellular virus, cell-to-cell transmission is responsible for spreading HIV-1 infection from infected to uninfected cells. Azidothymidine and virus-neutralizing antibody had no effect on cell-to-cell transmission of HIV-1. Monoclonal antibodies to the CD4 receptor, but not to the CD3 receptor, prevented cell-to-cell transmission, which suggests that CD4 receptor-mediated cell fusion is involved in cell-to-cell transmission. Spread of infection in a cell-to-cell manner may be important in development of drug therapies for HIV-1 infection.
10.1128/JVI.63.5.2361-2365.1989
2704079
PMC250658
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology/*microbiology Cells, Cultured HIV/*growth & development HIV Antibodies/*immunology HIV Seropositivity/immunology/*microbiology Humans In Vitro Techniques Lymphocyte Activation Lymphocytes/*microbiology Virus Replication/drug effects Zidovudine/*pharmacology
P. B. Gupta, R., Ho, M., Enrico, A., Rinaldo, C. (1989). Cell-to-cell transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in the presence of azidothymidine and neutralizing antibody. J Virol, 63(5), 2361-5. PMC250658
Journal Article
The influence of HIV infection on antibody responses to a two-dose regimen of influenza vaccine
JAMA
1989
11-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2787416
We studied whether a two-dose regimen of inactivated influenza virus vaccine was more effective than a single dose in inducing protective hemagglutination-inhibition antibody responses in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Participants included subjects with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, subjects with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related complex, and HIV-seropositive individuals with either lymphadenopathy only or no symptoms. Control subjects were HIV-seronegative heterosexuals and HIV-seronegative homosexuals. Two doses of inactivated influenza vaccine containing 15 micrograms of the hemagglutinin of influenza A/Taiwan/1/86(H1N1), A/Leningrad/360/86(H3N2), and B/Ann Arbor/1/86 were administered intramuscularly in the deltoid region 1 month apart. The second dose of vaccine did not significantly increase the frequency or magnitude of antibody responses of either HIV-seropositive or HIV-seronegative subjects over that achieved by a single dose. The t
2787416
AIDS-Related Complex/immunology Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy/*immunology Adult Antibodies, Viral/*analysis HIV Seropositivity/immunology Homosexuality Humans Immunization, Secondary Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage/*immunology Influenza, Human/prevention & control Leukocyte Count/methods T-Lymphocytes/analysis Vaccines, Inactivated/administration & dosage/immunology Zidovudine/therapeutic use
P. G. N. Miotti, K. E., Dallabetta, G. A., Farzadegan, H., Margolick, J., Clements, M. L. (1989). The influence of HIV infection on antibody responses to a two-dose regimen of influenza vaccine. JAMA, 262(6), 779-83.
Journal Article
No evidence for a role of alcohol or other psychoactive drugs in accelerating immunodeficiency in HIV-1-positive individuals. A report from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
JAMA
1989
16-Jun
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2524608/
In a multicenter cohort study of homosexual men, the proportion of seropositives at enrollment who developed the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) during the following 18 months ranged from 5.5% to 8.2% in 1597 alcohol drinkers vs 9.2% in 109 nondrinkers with no clear trend according to use, and from 6.3% to 9.6% for 1662 users vs 7.2% for 83 nonusers of psychoactive drugs prior to enrollment. Among seropositive men with low initial T helper lymphocyte counts, those who continued to use drugs showed no significantly higher 18-month risk of AIDS than nonusers (13% vs 10%); the corresponding risks were 13% and 15%, respectively, for continued heavier vs continued lighter consumption of alcohol. No other manifestations of immunodeficiency were positively associated with substance use prior to enrollment. Prior use was not associated with low mean T helper cell counts at enrollment, and continued drug or alcohol use after enrollment was not associated with greater subsequent declin
10.1001/jama.261.23.3424
2524608
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome adverse effects AIDS alcohol alcohol use Cell Count clinical clinical trial cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Disease drugs Ethanol HIV Seropositivity Hiv-1 homosexual homosexual men Homosexuality Human human immunodeficiency virus immunodeficiency immunology infection infectious diseases Leukocyte Count lymphocyte Lymphocyte Count lymphocyte counts Male manifestation Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Multicenter Studies progression Psychotropic Drugs Risk Risk Factors seropositive study substance use Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. T-Lymphocytes,Helper-Inducer Time Factors trial United States virus
R. A. Kaslow (1989). No evidence for a role of alcohol or other psychoactive drugs in accelerating immunodeficiency in HIV-1-positive individuals. A report from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. JAMA, 261(23), 3424-3429.
Journal Article
Demonstration of human immunodeficiency virus in renal epithelium in HIV-associated nephropathy
Mod Pathol
1989
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2657719
HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) is a renal disease characterized clinically by heavy proteinuria and renal failure and morphologically by severe and rapidly evolving focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis, tubular necrosis, interstitial edema, and ultrastructural cellular inclusions. In an attempt to elucidate its pathogenesis, we evaluated the role of direct viral (HIV) infection of renal epithelium with the use of a cDNA probe for viral nucleic acid and an immunoperoxidase-labeled antibody to p24 core protein. In 10 of 11 kidneys with HIVAN, nucleic acid was localized to glomerular and tubular epithelium, while only 2 of 4 kidneys from HIV-infected patients with immune complex glomerulonephritis were similarly affected, but with considerably less cellular involvement. Kidneys from patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome but without renal disease had only rare cellular positivity. In all instances, the cDNA probe was more sensitive than anti-p24 immunoperoxidase. These da
2657719
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*complications Antibodies, Monoclonal DNA Probes Epithelium/microbiology HIV/*isolation & purification Humans Immunoenzyme Techniques Kidney/*microbiology Kidney Diseases/complications/*microbiology
A. H. S. Cohen, N. C., Shapshak, P., Imagawa, D. T. (1989). Demonstration of human immunodeficiency virus in renal epithelium in HIV-associated nephropathy. Mod Pathol, 2(2), 125-8.
Journal Article
Guidelines for prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia for persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
1989
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2524643/
2524643
CDC guidelines Human human immunodeficiency virus immunodeficiency pneumocystis carinii pneumocystis carinii pneumonia pneumonia prophylaxis virus
C. f. D. Control (1989). Guidelines for prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia for persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 38(S-5), 9-Jan.
Journal Article
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in homosexual men who remain seronegative for prolonged periods
N Engl J Med
1989
1-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2716797
Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), as demonstrated by viral cultures, has been described in some patients before antibodies to HIV-1 can be detected, but the duration and frequency of such latent infections are uncertain. We selected prospectively a cohort of 133 seronegative homosexual men who continued to be involved in high-risk sexual activity, and we cultured 225 samples of their peripheral-blood lymphocytes, using mitogen stimulation to activate the integrated HIV-1 genome. HIV-1 was isolated in blood samples from 31 of the 133 men (23 percent), 27 of whom have remained seronegative for up to 36 months after the positive culture. The other four men seroconverted 11 to 17 months after the isolation of HIV-1. In three of them, we studied cryopreserved lymphocytes obtained earlier, using the polymerase chain reaction to amplify small amounts of viral DNA, and we demonstrated that HIV-1 provirus had been present 23, 35, and 35 months before seroconversion
10.1056/NEJM198906013202205
2716797
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology DNA, Viral/analysis HIV Antibodies/analysis HIV Seropositivity/*immunology/microbiology HIV-1/isolation & purification *Homosexuality Humans Male Proviruses/isolation & purification Time Factors
D. T. L. Imagawa, M. H., Wolinsky, S. M., Sano, K., Morales, F., Kwok, S., Sninsky, J. J., Nishanian, P. G., Giorgi, J., Fahey, J. L., et al., (1989). Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in homosexual men who remain seronegative for prolonged periods. N Engl J Med, 320(22), 1458-62.
Journal Article
Identification of mononuclear cells in CSF of patients with HIV infection
Neurology
1989
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2521263
Using immunocytochemical methods, CSF lymphocyte subpopulations were examined in different neurologic disorders associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. CSF pleocytosis was observed in asymptomatic neurologically normal subjects, in patients with aseptic meningitis, and those with inflammatory demyelinating neuropathies, but infrequently in subjects with AIDS dementia complex. The distribution of CSF lymphocyte subpopulations in HIV-infected patients differed from control subjects showing decreases in percentages of T helper (CD4) cells and increases in T suppressor (CD8) cells. Peripheral blood and CSF CD4:CD8 ratios were inverted in all of the neurologic disorders studied. In all disorders, the changes in CSF composition of mononuclear cells paralleled alterations in peripheral blood and in patients with AIDS dementia complex, there was a relationship between the severity of dementia and blood and CSF CD4 lymphocyte proportions.
10.1212/wnl.39.1.66
2521263
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/blood/*cerebrospinal fluid/complications Cerebrospinal Fluid/*cytology Dementia/blood/cerebrospinal fluid/etiology Demyelinating Diseases/blood/cerebrospinal fluid/etiology Humans Leukocyte Count Leukocytes, Mononuclear/*pathology Meningitis/blood/cerebrospinal fluid/etiology Monocytes/pathology T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/pathology T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/pathology
J. C. S. McArthur, E., Cornblath, D. R., Welch, D., Chupp, M., Griffin, D. E., Johnson, R. T. (1989). Identification of mononuclear cells in CSF of patients with HIV infection. Neurology, 39(1), 66-70.
Journal Article
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and the nervous system: report from the American Academy of Neurology AIDS Task Force
Neurology
1989
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2642609
10.1212/wnl.39.1.119
2642609
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*complications/prevention & control/transmission Cognition Disorders/etiology Dementia/diagnosis/etiology HIV Seropositivity Humans Nervous System Diseases/diagnosis/*etiology Neurology Professional Practice Terminology as Topic
R. S. C. Janssen, D. R., Epstein, L. G., McArthur, J., Price, R. W. (1989). Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and the nervous system: report from the American Academy of Neurology AIDS Task Force. Neurology, 39(1), 119-22.
Journal Article
Ocular manifestations of acquired immune deficiency syndrome
Ophthalmology
1989
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2549483
The ocular complications of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) include: (1) a noninfectious microangiopathy, most often seen in the retina, consisting of cotton-wool spots with or without intraretinal hemorrhages and other microvascular abnormalities; (2) opportunistic ocular infections, primarily cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis; (3) conjunctival, eyelid, or orbital involvement by those neoplasms seen in patients with AIDS (i.e., Kaposi's sarcoma and lymphoma); and (4) neuro-ophthalmic lesions. In a series of 200 AIDS patients evaluated clinically, AIDS retinopathy was present in 66.5%. Sixty-four percent had cotton-wool spots, and 12% had intraretinal hemorrhages. Cytomegalovirus retinitis was diagnosed in 28% of AIDS patients. Neuro-ophthalmic lesions were found in 8% of all AIDS patients and were present in 33% of those patients with cryptococcal meningitis. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome retinopathy was present in 40% of 35 patients with the AIDS-related complex (ARC)
10.1016/s0161-6420(89)32794-1
2549483
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*complications Adolescent Adult Aged Child Child, Preschool Cytomegalovirus Infections/complications Diabetic Angiopathies/complications Eye Diseases/*etiology Female Humans Infections/complications Male Middle Aged Neoplasms/complications Optic Nerve Diseases/complications Retinal Diseases/complications/pathology Retinitis/complications
D. A. G. Jabs, W. R., Fox, R., Polk, B. F., Bartlett, J. G. (1989). Ocular manifestations of acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Ophthalmology, 96(7), 1092-9.
Journal Article
The neuropsychological aspects of HIV-1 spectrum disease
Psychiatr Med
1989
1989
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2664906
A relatively high prevalence of neuropsychological impairment has been reported among individuals within the spectrum of HIV-1 disease. These deficits range from mild motoric slowness to a severe dementia characterized by forgetfulness, psychomotor slowing, impaired performance on "frontal systems" tasks, and frequently, dysphoric affect. This paper reviews the preliminary evidence to date on the prevalence and pattern of neuropsychological deficits within the spectrum of HIV-1 infection. Common methodologic pitfalls in this research arena are reviewed. Finally, implications for clinical practice are discussed, with emphasis on construction of screening and more comprehensive neuropsychological test batteries specifically for this population.
2664906
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*complications/psychology HIV-1/*pathogenicity Humans Neurocognitive Disorders/*complications/psychology *Neuropsychological Tests
W. G. S. Van Gorp, P., Hinkin, C., Evans, G., Miller, E. N. (1989). The neuropsychological aspects of HIV-1 spectrum disease. Psychiatr Med, 7(2), 59-78.
Journal Article
Ocular manifestations of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus
World Uveitis Symposium
1989
Brazil Hiv Human human immunodeficiency virus immunodeficiency infection MACS manifestation ocular virus
Book Section
I-123 IMP-SPECT in HIV-related dementia
Advances in Functional Neuroimaging
1988
1988
Dementia MACS
N. D. P. LaFrance, G.D., Schaerf, F.W., McArthur, J.C., Polk, B.F., Links, J.M., Bascom, M.J., Knowles, M.C., Galen, S.S. (1988). I-123 IMP-SPECT in HIV-related dementia. Advances in Functional Neuroimaging, Fall(), 15-Sep.
Journal Article
Epidemic control measures for AIDS: a psychosocial and historical discussion of policy alternatives
AIDS: Principles, Practices and Politics
1988
AIDS control epidemic MACS policy politics practices psychosocial
Book Section
Endocrine disorders in men infected with human immunodeficiency virus
Am J Med
1988
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3348269
Gonadal, adrenal, and thyroid functions were evaluated in 70 men seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, clinically categorized as asymptomatic (n = 19), AIDS-related complex (ARC) (n = 9), or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (n = 42). Twenty of 40 men (50 percent) with AIDS were hypogonadal. Mean serum testosterone concentrations in both ARC (292 +/- 70 ng/dl) and AIDS (401 +/- 30 ng/dl) men were significantly less than in asymptomatic (567 +/- 49 ng/dl) or normal men (608 +/- 121 ng/dl). Of these hypogonadal men, 18 of 24 (75 percent) had hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Seven of eight hypogonadal men (88 percent) had a normal gonadotropin response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone administration. Hypogonadism correlated with lymphocyte depletion and weight loss. Adrenal cortisol reserve, evaluated by adrenocorticotropin stimulation, was normal in 36 of 39 patients (92 percent) with AIDS. Indices of thyroid function were normal with the exception of one
10.1016/0002-9343(88)90144-1
3348269
AIDS-Related Complex/*complications Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*complications Adrenal Insufficiency/*etiology Adult Humans Hypogonadism/*etiology Male Prospective Studies Testosterone/blood Thyroid Diseases/*etiology
A. S. D. Dobs, M. A., Ladenson, P. W., Polk, B. F. (1988). Endocrine disorders in men infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Am J Med, 84(3 Pt 2), 611-6.
Journal Article
Variables influencing condom use in a cohort of gay and bisexual men
Am J Public Health
1988
Jul-88
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3260081
Nine hundred fifty-five of 1,384 (69 per cent) gay and bisexual men enrolled in a prospective study of the natural history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection who reported engaging in anal intercourse in the past six months were surveyed about condom use practices for both insertive (IAI) and receptive anal intercourse (RAI). The following results were obtained: 23 per cent of the men reported that they always used condoms for IAI and 21 per cent for RAI; 32 per cent sometimes used condoms for IAI; 28 per cent sometimes used condoms for RAI; 45 per cent never used condoms for IAI; and 50 per cent never used condoms for RAI. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the following variables were associated with both insertive and receptive condom use: condom acceptability; a history of multiple and/or anonymous partners in the past six months, and the number of partners with whom one is 'high' (drugs/alcohol) during sex. Knowledge of positive HIV serostatus was more
10.2105/ajph.78.7.801
3260081
PMC1350337
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Adult anal intercourse analysis Attitude to Health bisexual men cohort Comparative Study condom Condoms Contraceptive Devices,Male Cross-Sectional Studies Hiv Homosexuality Human human immunodeficiency virus immunodeficiency infection Laboratories Male Middle Age natural history Pennsylvania prevention & control Prospective Studies Questionnaires Regression Analysis serostatus sex Sex Behavior study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. United States utilization virus
R. O. L. Valdiserri, D., Leviton, L.C., Callahan, C.M., Kingsley, L.A., Rinaldo, C.R. (1988). Variables influencing condom use in a cohort of gay and bisexual men. Am J Public Health, 78(7), 801-805. PMC1350337
Journal Article
Loss of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) antibodies with evidence of viral infection in asymptomatic homosexual men. A report from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
Ann Intern Med
1988
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3285743
Four asymptomatic homosexual men reverted from positive to negative serologic results for the human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV-1) over 2.5 years, as shown by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot. Antibody bands in the Western blot from three men were undetectable 6 to 12 months after being positive; gradual fading of the number and intensity of bands was seen in the other man. No HIV-1-p24 antigenemia was detected; cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells were negative for HIV-1 by standard culture assay. Polymerase chain reaction (gene amplification) assays were done on peripheral blood mononuclear cells and showed the HIV-1 provirus in all subjects 6 to 18 months after the last positive antibody test. Serum specimens from each participant were genetically identical. Polymerase chain reaction showed that peripheral blood mononuclear cells from one subject at different times matched by HLA DNA typing. Clinical and laboratory features of these four
10.7326/0003-4819-108-6-785
3285743
Adult Antibodies, Viral/*analysis Blood Proteins/genetics DNA, Viral/analysis Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Gene Amplification HIV/genetics/growth & development/*immunology HIV Antibodies HIV Seropositivity/*immunology HLA-DQ Antigens/genetics *Homosexuality Humans Immunologic Techniques Longitudinal Studies Male Virus Cultivation
H. P. Farzadegan, M. A., Wolinsky, S. M., Rinaldo, C. R., Jr., Sninsky, J. J., Kwok, S., Griffith, R. L., Kaslow, R. A., Phair, J. P., Polk, B. F., et al., (1988). Loss of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) antibodies with evidence of viral infection in asymptomatic homosexual men. A report from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Ann Intern Med, 108(6), 785-90.
Journal Article
The influence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on antibody responses to influenza vaccines
Ann Intern Med
1988
1-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2970238
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To ascertain whether subjects infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) generally develop protective hemagglutination inhibition antibody responses to inactivated influenza vaccines. DESIGN: Prospective study of 104 persons before and after immunization. SETTING: Outpatient clinic and hospital ward. PATIENTS: Persons with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (n = 25), AIDS-related complex (n = 14), and HIV-seropositive men with only lymphadenopathy or no symptoms (n = 27). Controls were HIV-seronegative homosexual men (n = 22) and HIV-seronegative heterosexuals (n = 16). INTERVENTIONS: Subjects were immunized with inactivated vaccines containing 15 micrograms of each of the following influenza virus hemagglutinins: A/Taiwan/1/86 (HINI), A/Mississippi/1/85 (H3N2), A/Chile/1/83 (HINI), and B/Ann Arbor/1/86. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Fourfold or greater antibody responses occurred less frequently in subjects with HIV infections than in HIV-seronegativ
10.7326/0003-4819-109-5-383
2970238
AIDS-Related Complex/immunology Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy/*immunology Adult Antibodies, Viral/*biosynthesis Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use HIV Core Protein p24 HIV Seropositivity/*immunology Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests Humans Influenza A virus/immunology Influenza B virus/immunology Influenza Vaccines/*immunology Leukocyte Count Male Prospective Studies Retroviridae Proteins/blood T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer Thymidine/analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use Viral Core Proteins/blood Zidovudine
K. E. C. Nelson, M. L., Miotti, P., Cohn, S., Polk, B. F. (1988). The influence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on antibody responses to influenza vaccines. Ann Intern Med, 109(5), 383-8.
Journal Article
Human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis delta virus in homosexual men. A study of four cohorts
Ann Intern Med
1988
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3337516
The prevalence of hepatitis delta virus antibodies was determined in four cohorts of homosexual or bisexual men positive for hepatitis B surface antigen who were evaluated between April 1984 and April 1985. Antibodies to hepatitis delta virus were found in 16 of 106 men in Los Angeles (15.1%; 95% confidence interval [Cl], 8.3% to 21.9%); 6 of 64 men in San Francisco (9.4%; 95% Cl, 3.5% to 19.3%); 1 of 76 men in Pittsburgh (1.3%; 95% Cl, 0.03% to 7.1%); and 0 of 52 men in Chicago (0%; 95% Cl, 0% to 5.6%). From 44.0% to 65.4% of men negative for hepatitis delta virus and all men positive for hepatitis delta virus but one (P less than 0.0001) were positive for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In multivariate analysis, infection with hepatitis delta virus was associated with intravenous drug use (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 6.7, P less than 0.01), with sexual activity as measured by number of partners (adjusted OR = 8.4, p less than 0.01), and probably with rectal trauma (a
10.7326/0003-4819-108-1-51
3337516
HIV Seropositivity/complications/*epidemiology Hepatitis Antibodies/analysis Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/analysis Hepatitis D/complications/*epidemiology Hepatitis Delta Virus/immunology *Homosexuality Humans Longitudinal Studies Male Risk Factors United States
R. E. K. Solomon, R. A., Phair, J. P., Lyter, D., Visscher, B., Lyman, D., VanRaden, M. T., Gerin, J. (1988). Human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis delta virus in homosexual men. A study of four cohorts. Ann Intern Med, 108(1), 51-4.
Journal Article
Cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities in homosexual men with and without neuropsychiatric findings
Ann Neurol
1988
1988
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3348599
We have studied cerebrospinal fluid obtained from 38 homosexual or bisexual men participating in a prospective study of the neuropsychological disorders associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Twenty-two subjects had neuropsychiatric findings and seropositivity, 11 asymptomatic subjects had seroconverted within 6 to 24 months, and 5 subjects were seronegative controls. Only 1 had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related complex, and none had the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome when initially studied. There was a high rate of cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities in men with neuropsychiatric findings, including pleocytosis (41%), elevated IgG and IgG index (47%), and oligoclonal bands (18%). Even in the absence of neuropsychiatric findings, the asymptomatic HIV-seropositive subjects frequently had spinal fluid abnormalities. Of those with neuropsychiatric findings, HIV p24 antigen was detectable in cerebrospinal fluid in only 1 individual, yet HIV was isolated in
10.1002/ana.410230712
3348599
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Adolescence Adult Baltimore bisexual men Cerebrospinal Fluid complications control cytology Hiv HIV Seropositivity homosexual homosexual men Homosexuality Human human immunodeficiency virus Igg immunodeficiency immunoglobulin Immunoglobulin G Immunoglobulins infection isolation & purification Leukocyte Count Male Mental Disorders metabolism microbiology Middle Age Nervous System Nervous System Diseases Prospective Studies study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. United States virus
J. C. C. McArthur, B.A., Farzedegan, H., Cornblath, D.R., Selnes, O.A., Ostrow, D., Johnson, R.T., Phair, J., Polk, B.F. (1988). Cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities in homosexual men with and without neuropsychiatric findings. Ann Neurol, 23 Suppl(), S34-S37.
Journal Article
Defective T-cell colony formation and IL-2 receptor expression at all stages of HIV infection
Clin Exp Immunol
1988
Mar-88
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2968201
The T-cell colony assay is a highly sensitive measure of immunological dysfunction. The present study evaluated this in vitro response in asymptomatic HIV-infected homosexuals, those with chronic adenopathy as their only clinical manifestation and patients with either ARC or AIDS. The mean colony count in antibody-positive asymptomatic individuals was significantly reduced when compared to either heterosexual controls or antibody-negative homosexuals. Furthermore, there were no differences in the responses of these antibody-positive individuals and those with chronic lymphadenopathy as their only clinical manifestation. By contrast, patients with AIDS or ARC showed a profound defect; this suggests that the colony assay can detect a functional gradient across the spectrum of HIV infections. Colony growth was correlated with the absolute number of T-helper cells and the ability of PHA-stimulated lymphocytes to express IL-2 receptors; no correlation was found with the number of suppressor
2968201
PMC1541669
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome AIDS AIDS-Related Complex biosynthesis clinical Clone Cells control drug effects Hiv HIV infection HIV Infections homosexual Human immunology In Vitro infection infections Interleukin-2 Leukocyte Count lymphocyte Lymphocytes Male manifestation pharmacology Phytohemagglutinins Receptors,Antigen,T-Cell Receptors,Immunologic Receptors,Interleukin-2 study Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. t cell T-Lymphocytes T-Lymphocytes,Helper-Inducer T-Lymphocytes,Suppressor-Effector
A. K. Winkelstein, L.A., Klein, R.S., Lyter, D.W., Evans, T.L., Rinaldo, C.R., Jr., Weaver, L.D., Machen, L.L., Schadle, R.C. (1988). Defective T-cell colony formation and IL-2 receptor expression at all stages of HIV infection. Clin Exp Immunol, 71(3), 417-422. PMC1541669
Journal Article
Conversion of logarithmic channel numbers into relative linear fluorescence intensity
Cytometry
1988
Nov-88
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3264784
We describe a simple, reproducible, and generally applicable method to assess the performance of log amplifiers by using a fluorescent sample that provides multiple peaks of different intensities. The channel differences between multiple peaks are used to evaluate the logarithmic behavior of the fluorescence signal amplifier on the flow cytometer. A calibration curve can be created to correct the channel numbers for deviations from true logarithmic behavior and then convert data into relative linear intensities. By using these linear fluorescent intensities, we compared the capacity of different antisera against HIV- 1 (human immunodeficiency virus type 1) peptides to inhibit the binding of HIV-1 to CEM, a CD4-positive T-cell line. A wide range of applications for this calibration procedure can be envisioned and the method is valuable for monitoring instrument performance over time
10.1002/cyto.990090605
3264784
Calibration Cell Line drug effects Flow Cytometry Fluorescence Hiv Hiv-1 Human human immunodeficiency virus immune Immune Sera immunodeficiency instrumentation Mathematics metabolism methods microbiology Peptides pharmacology sera Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. t cell T-Lymphocytes United States virus
I. S. Schmid, P., Giorgi, J.V. (1988). Conversion of logarithmic channel numbers into relative linear fluorescence intensity. Cytometry, 9(6), 533-538.
Journal Article
The neurobiology of human immunodeficiency virus infections
FASEB J
1988
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2846395
A variety of diseases of the central and peripheral nervous systems evolves during the course of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. Most are not related to documented opportunistic infections and may be the direct result of HIV infections, as large proportions of healthy and ill HIV-infected persons show evidence of nervous system infection. These diseases occur at different times during the infection and have diverse inflammatory, demyelinating, or degenerative pathological features that suggest different pathogenetic mechanisms. The route and determinants of HIV invasion of the nervous system are unknown. Within the brain, viral antigen and RNA are found predominantly in macrophages, but the reason why profound dementia and cortical atrophy result from this infection remains a mystery. By analogy to other lentivirus infections, particularly visna virus in sheep, neuropathological changes may be mediated by cytokines. Other possible pathogenetic mechanisms include toxicity
10.1096/fasebj.2.14.2846395
2846395
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*complications Animals Autoimmune Diseases/etiology Dementia/etiology Disease Models, Animal HIV/*physiology Humans Meningitis/etiology Nervous System/*microbiology Nervous System Diseases/*etiology Opportunistic Infections/complications Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/etiology Spinal Cord Diseases/etiology
R. T. M. Johnson, J. C., Narayan, O. (1988). The neurobiology of human immunodeficiency virus infections. FASEB J, 2(14), 2970-81.
Journal Article
Prevalence of enteric pathogens in homosexual men with and without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Gastroenterology
1988
Apr-88
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2831107
We studied 388 homosexual or bisexual men from the Baltimore-Washington area to define the spectrum of enteric pathogen carriage in a population at high risk for 'gay bowel syndrome' in association with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Seventy-seven patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, 68 gay men with symptoms of acute diarrhea or proctitis, and 243 gay men without gastrointestinal symptoms and participating in a natural history study of human immunodeficiency virus infection were selected for study. Approximately 12% of the asymptomatic men harbored at least one enteric pathogen; the most frequently recovered were Chlamydia trachomatis, herpes simplex virus, and Giardia lamblia. Men carrying a pathogen were more likely to be human immunodeficiency virus seropositive (48%) than men without a pathogen (25%) (p = 0.018), more likely to have fewer T helper cells (p = 0.015), and more likely to have a mucopurulent exudate (p = 0.014). We recovered an agent of enteric di
10.1016/0016-5085(88)90557-4
2831107
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome agent asymptomatic Baltimore bisexual bisexual men Campylobacter cells Chlamydia Infections Chlamydia trachomatis complications Cross-Sectional Studies Cytomegalovirus Diarrhea Disease etiology gay men Giardiasis Gonorrhea Herpes Simplex Herpes simplex virus Herpesviridae Infections high-risk history homosexual homosexual men Homosexuality Human human immunodeficiency virus immunodeficiency infection Male microbiology natural history population Prevalence Proctitis Risk Risk Factors seropositive study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. symptoms United States virus
B. E. D. Laughon, D.A., Vernon, A., Quinn, T.C., Polk, B.F., Modlin, J.F., Yolken, R.H., Bartlett, J.G. (1988). Prevalence of enteric pathogens in homosexual men with and without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Gastroenterology, 94(4), 984-993.
Journal Article
Predictors of decline in CD4 lymphocytes in a cohort of homosexual men infected with human immunodeficiency virus
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1988)
1988
1988
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2905743
Longitudinal data on four visits scheduled at 6 month intervals were available on a cohort of 1,827 homosexual men who were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive at entry. To identify predictors of the rate of decline of CD4 T-lymphocytes, we used an autoregressive model that relates CD4 counts to predictor variables, while adjusting for previous CD4 counts. Significant predictors of steeper decline of CD4 counts were high CD8 count, low hemoglobin, low platelets, high serum IgA, high cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibody, and low HIV antibody. Using the fitted model, a subject with an initial deficit of 314 CD4 cells (median value of study sample) with respect to seronegative subjects and with average values in all other predictors is estimated to lose approximately 53 cells in a 6 month period (95% C.I. = 45-61 cells). Contrasting this estimate to the one obtained with similar methods in intravenous drug users, it is suggested that a faster rate of decline is present among i.v. dr
2905743
AIDS Serodiagnosis Adolescent Adult CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*cytology Follow-Up Studies HIV Seropositivity/*blood/etiology/immunology Humans Immunity, Cellular Leukocyte Count Male Middle Aged Models, Biological Multicenter Studies as Topic Predictive Value of Tests Time Factors
A. C. Munoz, V., Saah, A. J., Phair, J. P., Kingsley, L. A., Fahey, J. L., Ginzburg, H. M., Polk, B. F. (1988). Predictors of decline in CD4 lymphocytes in a cohort of homosexual men infected with human immunodeficiency virus. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1988), 1(4), 396-404.
Journal Article
Selected public health observations derived from Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1988)
1988
1988
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3063804
Selected findings from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) of homosexual/bisexual men are reviewed. High risk sexual behaviors, the use of drugs/alcohol, condom use, and behavior change are addressed in a public health context. The potential significance of education/behavior modification programs as strategies for public health intervention emerges from these findings. Until there is a realistic timetable for vaccine availability and more effective chemotherapy, the MACS provides the opportunity to continue to study the effects of behavior change on the AIDS epidemic.
3063804
*Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/prevention & control/transmission Bisexuality Cohort Studies Contraceptive Devices, Male HIV Seropositivity Homosexuality Humans Life Style Male Multicenter Studies as Topic Risk Factors Sexual Behavior
H. M. F. Ginzburg, P. L., Miller, K. D. (1988). Selected public health observations derived from Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1988), 1(1), 7-Feb.
Journal Article
Sexual partner selectiveness effects on homosexual HIV transmission dynamics
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1988)
1988
1988
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3221321
Deterministic simulation models are used to show that HIV transmission dynamics in homosexual populations can be strongly affected by sexual partner selectiveness. The type of selectiveness or biased mixing examined is where individuals with similar new partnership formation rates are more likely to form a pair than would be expected by chance. The effect of such selectiveness could be strong even when the total number and distribution of new sexual partnerships and sex acts remains constant. This means that in order to predict the future course of HIV transmission and identify the populations at highest risk, we must have information not only on the frequency of new sexual partnerships and types of sex acts, but also on who has sex with whom. Given high sexual partner selectiveness, some groups of homosexuals with low rates of sex and new sex partners would take many decades before a single introduction would generate an epidemic. Epidemics in these groups can be markedly accelerated
3221321
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology/*transmission Chicago Cohort Studies Computer Simulation *Homosexuality Humans Male Models, Biological *Risk *Sexual Behavior *Sexual Partners
J. S. Koopman, C., Jacquez, J., Joseph, J., Sattenspiel, L., Park, T. (1988). Sexual partner selectiveness effects on homosexual HIV transmission dynamics. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1988), 1(5), 486-504.
Journal Article
Prognostic usefulness of the Walter Reed staging classification for HIV infection
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1988)
1988
1988
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3216317
We evaluated the usefulness of both the Walter Reed (WR) staging classification and the component criteria used in the system in predicting progression to AIDS. The WR classification was applied to a cohort of 431 men who were seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus on entry into a prospective study. The WR classification was of limited usefulness, as only 133 men (31%) could be assigned to a WR stage. Among men who could be WR classified, only individuals in WR stage 5 were found to have a significantly more rapid progression to AIDS. The seropositive cohort was also classified based on initial CD4 cell number. Low CD4 counts (less than 400 cells/mm3) were significantly associated with progression to AIDS, and grouping seropositive men by CD4 number alone provided as much prognostic information as the WR classification. Skin test anergy was also a significant predictor for progression to AIDS, but only in individuals with low CD4 counts.
3216317
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/etiology Candidiasis, Oral/etiology Evaluation Studies as Topic HIV Seropositivity/classification/complications/immunology/*pathology Humans Leukocyte Count Lymphatic Diseases/etiology Lymphocytes/classification Prognosis Prospective Studies *Severity of Illness Index Skin Tests Time Factors
K. B. C. MacDonell, J. S., Goldsmith, J., Wallemark, C. B., Steinberg, J., Byers, E., Phair, J. P. (1988). Prognostic usefulness of the Walter Reed staging classification for HIV infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1988), 1(4), 367-74.
Journal Article
Patterns of CD4+ cell changes after HIV-1 infection indicate the existence of a codeterminant of AIDS
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1988)
1988
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2905742
Successive interval slopes of CD4+ cells each constructed from levels at three consecutive 6 month visits were compared over 3 years of follow-up among 565 persistently HIV-1 antibody-positive, 326 persistently antibody-negative, and 51 seroconverting homosexual men who had at least 500 CD4+ cells/mm3 at baseline and completed the first three 6 month visits. "Change" was defined as a difference between two successive interval slopes. Sixty-two percent of seroconverters meeting these criteria experienced a shift in one or more of their successive CD4+ interval slopes, the majority (56%) from a level slope to a negative slope (decreasing numbers of CD4+ cells), a significantly greater proportion than that observed among seronegatives (30%, p less than 0.0001). Fifty-eight percent of the seropositives maintained level interval slopes over the 3 years of follow-up. The majority (59%) of those men experiencing a shift went from a level to a negative interval slope, a significantly greater p
2905742
AIDS Serodiagnosis Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/blood/etiology/immunology CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/classification/*cytology HIV Seropositivity/*blood/immunology Humans Immunity, Cellular Leukocyte Count Male Multicenter Studies as Topic Time Factors
R. E. Detels, P. A., Giorgi, J. V., Visscher, B. R., Fahey, J. L., Taylor, J. M., Dudley, J. P., Nishanian, P., Munoz, A., Phair, J. P., et al., (1988). Patterns of CD4+ cell changes after HIV-1 infection indicate the existence of a codeterminant of AIDS. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1988), 1(4), 390-5.
Journal Article
Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)-mediated destruction of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-coated CD4+ T lymphocytes by acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) effector cells
J Clin Immunol
1988
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2975670
The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is defined in clinical terms by the development of Kaposi's sarcoma and/or severe opportunistic infections in persons without predisposing conditions. A hallmark of the syndrome has been a decrease in the number of CD4+ T helper cells. The reduction in the frequency of the CD4+ lymphocytes has been postulated to be primarily the result of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) tropism and cytophathogenicity for the T-cell subset. Yet only a small percentage of cells in actually infected with HIV. Recently, we provided evidence indicating that AIDS patients' natural killer cells can mediate normal levels of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) despite exhibiting a defect in natural killer (NK) effector function (J Immunol 139:55, 1987). This finding prompted us to investigate whether AIDS patients' effector cells could mediate ADCC against circulating CD4+ T cells infected with or expressing HIV antigen. The findings reported herein d
10.1007/BF00916950
2975670
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology *Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/*immunology Cell Line HIV Antibodies/*immunology Humans Male T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/*immunology
J. D. N. Katz, P., Mitsuyasu, R., Bonavida, B. (1988). Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)-mediated destruction of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-coated CD4+ T lymphocytes by acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) effector cells. J Clin Immunol, 8(6), 453-8.
Journal Article
Comparable sensitivities for detection of human immunodeficiency virus by sensitive reverse transcriptase and antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays
J Clin Microbiol
1988
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2449457
The sensitive overnight reverse transcriptase and the antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were tested for their ability to detect human immunodeficiency virus. The two assays were able to quantitate as few as 75 to 130 virus particles. Thus, both tests offer similar sensitivities for determining the presence of the virus.
10.1128/JCM.26.2.371-374.1988
2449457
PMC266286
Antibodies, Viral/immunology Antigens, Viral/*analysis Cell Line *Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay HIV/enzymology/immunology/*isolation & purification HIV Antibodies HIV Antigens Humans Predictive Value of Tests RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/*analysis Reagent Kits, Diagnostic
M. H. S. Lee, K., Morales, F. E., Imagawa, D. T. (1988). Comparable sensitivities for detection of human immunodeficiency virus by sensitive reverse transcriptase and antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. J Clin Microbiol, 26(2), 371-4. PMC266286
Journal Article
Use of Cryopreserved Normal Peripheral-Blood Lymphocytes for Isolation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus from Seropositive Men
J Clin Microbiol
1988
Mar
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3356795/
The possibility was investigated of using frozen stocks of phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in cocultivation with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected lymphocytes for the isolation of HIV. Fresh and cryopreserved PBL from eight healthy volunteers were compared for their susceptibility to HIV infection in vitro. Fresh lymphocytes, as well as lymphocytes that were stimulated with PHA before or after cryopreservation, displayed comparable susceptibilities to HIV infection in vitro. In addition, HIV was recovered in all cases when lymphocytes stimulated with PHA before or after cryopreservation were cocultured in parallel with PBL from 15 patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. However, the cryopreserved PBL were less efficient in isolating HIV from asymptomatic men
3356795
PMC266343
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome blood Blood Preservation Cells,Cultured Comparative Study Disease Freezing growth & development Hiv HIV infection Human immunodeficiency In Vitro infection isolation & purification Kinetics Lymphocyte Transformation Lymphocytes Male microbiology Pennsylvania Phytohemagglutinins Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. United States
R. T. Balachandran, P., Rinaldo, C., Gupta, P. (1988). Use of Cryopreserved Normal Peripheral-Blood Lymphocytes for Isolation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus from Seropositive Men. J Clin Microbiol, 26(3), 595-597. PMC266343
Journal Article
HIV-1-specific production of IFN-g and modulation by recombinant IL-2 during early HIV-1 infection
J Immunol
1988
5/15/1988
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2452186
Specific cellular immune responses to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) were assessed in mononuclear leukocyte cultures from homosexual men with documented, early phase HIV-1 infection. Cell cultures from men with a mean duration of 1.3 yr (range, 0.3 to 2.2 yr) of HIV-1 infection were treated with UV-inactivated, whole, purified HIV-1 Ag together with various concentrations of rIL-2. Cell supernatants were harvested after 5-day incubation and assayed for IFN activity against encephalomyocarditis virus in human WISH cells. IFN subtypes were characterized by neutralization of antiviral activity with antiserum specific for human IFN-gamma and IFN-alpha. Results showed that cultures from 68% (17 of 25) of the HIV-1-seropositive subjects produced 'immune' IFN-gamma in response to whole HIV-1 Ag plus rIL-2. IFN-gamma was induced in only 20% (5 of 25) of cultures treated with HIV-1 Ag alone. Enhancement of HIV-1-specific IFN-gamma production by rIL-2 was synergistic rather than add
2452186
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Antigens Antigens,Viral biosynthesis Cells,Cultured Epitopes gp120 Hiv HIV Seropositivity Hiv-1 HIV-1 infection homosexual homosexual men Homosexuality Human human immunodeficiency virus immune immunodeficiency immunology infection Interferon Type II Interleukin-2 Leukocytes,Mononuclear Male metabolism pathology pharmacology Recombinant Proteins Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. United States virus
C. P. Rinaldo, P., Wang, Y.Z., Armstrong, J., Gupta, P., Ho, M., Petteway, S., Reed, D., Lyter, D., Kingsley, L. (1988). HIV-1-specific production of IFN-g and modulation by recombinant IL-2 during early HIV-1 infection. J Immunol, 140(10), 3389-3393.
Journal Article
A simple and rapid method for preparation of HIV-expressing targets for functional assays
J Immunol Methods
1988
16-Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3162252
Standardized samples of target cells expressing viral antigen are necessary to perform reproducible and comparable functional assays for immune responses to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). HIV-infected cultured cell lines show wide variability in the number of HIV-expressing cells and in the amount of viral antigen per cell. They, as well as cells coated with the infectious virus, are a biohazard. 0.015% v/v beta-propiolactone (BPL) in buffered solution at pH 7.5 inactivates the infectivity of HIV but retains its antigenicity. BPL-inactivated HIV easily binds to T4 receptor bearing T-lymphocytes in a 30 min incubation at 22 degrees C. The process of adsorption is dose-dependent and results in a standardized and reproducible sample of target cells. Applications for the method are demonstrated and include: (1) preparation of target cells for assay of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), and (2) characterization of antisera to HIV for their capacity to block HIV binding
10.1016/0022-1759(88)90227-x
3162252
Antibodies, Viral/*analysis Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity Antigens, Viral/*immunology Cell Line Culture Techniques/methods Flow Cytometry/methods HIV/drug effects/growth & development/*immunology HIV Antibodies Humans Lymphocytes/immunology Propiolactone/pharmacology Receptors, Virus/analysis
P. G. O.-A. Nishanian, E., Uittenbogaart, C. H., Giorgi, J. V. (1988). A simple and rapid method for preparation of HIV-expressing targets for functional assays. J Immunol Methods, 107(2), 261-71.
Journal Article
Recovery of Campylobacter species from homosexual men
J Infect Dis
1988
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3403996
10.1093/infdis/158.2.464
3403996
Campylobacter/*isolation & purification Campylobacter fetus/isolation & purification Diarrhea/microbiology Feces/microbiology *Homosexuality Humans Male Proctitis/microbiology Rectum/microbiology
B. E. V. Laughon, A. A., Druckman, D. A., Fox, R., Quinn, T. C., Polk, B. F., Bartlett, J. G. (1988). Recovery of Campylobacter species from homosexual men. J Infect Dis, 158(2), 464-7.
Journal Article
Flow cytometric quantitation of T cell phenotypes in cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral blood of homosexual men with and without antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus, type I
J Neuroimmunol
1988
Nov-88
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3263391
Two-color flow cytometry was used to analyze T cell subsets (total (CD3), helper-inducer (CD4), and suppressor-cytotoxic (CD8] in paired specimens of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood of 66 homosexual men, including 62 with antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV-1). With the exception of one traumatic specimen, all of the CSF specimens, 52 of which had less than or equal to 5 lymphocytes/mm3, were evaluated fully, with the number of lymphocytes counted for each antibody ranging from 200 to 2933 (mean = 1129). Proportions of CD3, CD4, and CD8 lymphocytes in CSF were very highly correlated with the proportions of these cells in the peripheral blood (r = 0.87, 0.96, and 0.94, respectively), as was the CD4/CD8 ratio (r = 0.98). These strong correlations were present in each of seven subgroups of study subjects defined on the basis of detailed neurologic examination, neuropsychological testing, and the presence or absence of antibodies to HIV-1. In the populati
10.1016/0165-5728(88)90116-6
3263391
Adult analysis Antibodies antibody Antigens Antigens,Differentiation,T-Lymphocyte Baltimore blood Blood Cells CD4 CD8 Cerebrospinal Fluid cytology Flow Cytometry HIV Seropositivity Hiv-1 homosexual homosexual men Homosexuality Human human immunodeficiency virus immunodeficiency immunology lymphocyte Lymphocytes Male Netherlands Phenotype physiology physiopathology population study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. t cell T-Lymphocytes virus
J. B. M. Margolick, J.C., Scott, E.R., McArthur, J.H., Cohn, S., Farzadegan, H., Polk, B.F. (1988). Flow cytometric quantitation of T cell phenotypes in cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral blood of homosexual men with and without antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus, type I. J Neuroimmunol, 20(1), 73-81.
Journal Article
Comparative immunogenicity of plasma and recombinant hepatitis B virus vaccines in homosexual men
JAMA
1988
Dec 23-30
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2973531
A randomized, double-blind clinical trial of plasma-derived and DNA recombinant hepatitis B virus vaccines was conducted in 186 homosexual men. Nine months after the immunization series (three doses) began, the seroconversion rate in the plasma vaccine group was 88% (68/77); this was significantly higher than the 74% (60/81) response rate of the recombinant vaccine group. Men positive for antibody to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) had a considerably higher nonresponse rate to either vaccine than expected in non-HIV-infected homosexual men. The odds ratios of nonresponse to hepatitis B virus vaccine for HIV-seropositive vs HIV-seronegative subjects were 12.0 (95% confidence interval, 1.7 to 89.3) and 13.6 (95% confidence interval, 2.3 to 148.3) for the plasma and DNA recombinant vaccines, respectively.
2973531
Adult Age Factors Double-Blind Method HIV Seropositivity/immunology Hepatitis B Vaccines Hepatitis B virus/*immunology Homosexuality Humans Male Middle Aged Random Allocation Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage/immunology Viral Hepatitis Vaccines/administration & dosage/*immunology
N. E. Odaka, L., Cohn, S., Munoz, A., Fields, H. A., Fox, R., Solomon, R., Kaslow, R., Polk, B. F. (1988). Comparative immunogenicity of plasma and recombinant hepatitis B virus vaccines in homosexual men. JAMA, 260(24), 3635-7.
Journal Article
HIV and Orogenital Transmission
Lancet
1988
29-Oct
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2902460/
2902460
archive Hiv letter letter to the editor MACS orogenital transmission
R. V. Detels, B. (1988). HIV and Orogenital Transmission. Lancet, 2(8618), 1023-1023.
Journal Article
Behavior change in homosexual men at risk for AIDS: intervention and policy implications
N Engl J Public Policy
1988
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12556692/
AIDS behavior behavior change change homosexual homosexual men MACS policy Risk
S. B. J. Montgomery, J.G. (1988). Behavior change in homosexual men at risk for AIDS: intervention and policy implications. N Engl J Public Policy, (), 323-334.
Journal Article
Predominantly sensory neuropathy in patients with AIDS and AIDS-related complex
Neurology
1988
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2834669
The most common type of peripheral neuropathy associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, predominantly sensory neuropathy, affects 10-30% of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). From 40 individuals with peripheral neuropathy and HIV infection, we have identified 26 patients with this syndrome. All had constitutional symptoms when neuropathic symptoms developed; 20 had AIDS and six had AIDS-related complex. The most common complaint was pain on the soles. Paresthesias were frequent and usually involved the entire foot. Signs of peripheral neuropathy were present in all; the most frequent finding was absent or reduced ankle reflexes. Electrophysiologic studies revealed abnormal sensory and motor conduction, studies suggesting a dying-back axonopathy. Over time, the neuropathy progressed in all except one patient with ARC, who had spontaneous subjective improvement. Tricyclic antidepressants provided partial symptomatic relief. In three patients, the
10.1212/wnl.38.5.794
2834669
AIDS-Related Complex/*complications Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*complications Ankle Cerebrospinal Fluid/cytology/microbiology Electrophysiology Female Foot/innervation Humans Male Pain Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/*complications/physiopathology Reflex/physiology *Sensation
D. R. M. Cornblath, J. C. (1988). Predominantly sensory neuropathy in patients with AIDS and AIDS-related complex. Neurology, 38(5), 794-6.
Journal Article
Human immunodeficiency virus and the nervous system
Nurs Clin North Am
1988
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2848227
In conclusion, there are a number of neurological manifestations of HIV infection, affecting both the central and peripheral nervous systems. Involvement of the CNS may occur very early in the course of infection and manifest itself as an acute aseptic meningitis. HIV encephalopathy is currently the most commonly diagnosed neurologic disorder associated with HIV and may in fact occur as a direct result of HIV infection in the brain. In years to come, HIV encephalopathy may assume epidemic proportions. Thus, nurses and other health care workers will have to be well versed in the major symptoms as well as the subtleties associated with this disease. Any drugs effective in treating these neurologic disorders must be capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier. AZT is currently being evaluated in the treatment of HIV encephalopathy. Only carefully designed prospective studies will define the natural history of neurologic disorders seen with HIV infection, as well as drugs effective in thei
2848227
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*complications Brain Diseases/etiology Central Nervous System Diseases/diagnosis/epidemiology/*etiology Humans Muscular Diseases/etiology Opportunistic Infections/etiology Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/etiology
J. H. P. McArthur, J. G., Bowersox, L. L. (1988). Human immunodeficiency virus and the nervous system. Nurs Clin North Am, 23(4), 823-41.
Journal Article
Effects of HIV infection, perceived health and clinical status on a cohort at risk for aids
Soc Sci Med
1988
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3227364/
Data from a general population sample of 621 healthy homosexual men are used to evaluate the social and emotional effects of HIV antibody status, clinical signs detected by medical examination, and subjectively perceived symptoms. Participants are unaware of their serologic status at the time of data collection, thus allowing the effects of the virus to be separated from reactions to the knowledge of serologic status. The data show that seropositivity for HIV is not associated with elevated levels of social or emotional impairment. Clinical signs lead to impairment in baseline data, but these effects do not persist at a second wave. This weakening suggests that the effects are mediated by psychological pathways rather than biologic ones. This suspicion is confirmed in further analyses, which show that the effects of clinical signs are mediated by subjectively perceived symptoms. These results show that neither social nor emotional impairment is likely to be a prodromal sign of HIV infe
10.1016/0277-9536(88)90004-4
3227364
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Adaptation,Psychological Adult AIDS AIDS Serodiagnosis Antibodies antibody Attitude to Health clinical cohort Cohort Studies Hiv HIV Antibodies HIV infection HIV Seropositivity homosexual homosexual men Homosexuality Human infection Longitudinal Studies Male population psychological psychology Risk Risk Factors Sick Role Social Adjustment Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. virus
R. C. O. B. Kessler, Kerth, Joseph, Jill G., Ostrow, David G., Phair, John P., Chmiel, Joan S., Wortman, Camille B., Emmons, Carol-Ann (1988). Effects of HIV infection, perceived health and clinical status on a cohort at risk for aids. Soc Sci Med, 27(6), 569-578.
Journal Article
Clinical manifestations of acute infection with human immunodeficiency virus in a cohort of gay men
AIDS
1987
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3122787
During a prospective study of the natural history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in a cohort of gay/bisexual men, information on self-reported symptoms lasting for 3 or more days during the previous 6 months was collected without knowledge of the subject's HIV serological status. Twenty-two people were retrospectively found to have seroconverted to HIV during the interval. Each seroconverter was matched to two seronegative and two seropositive controls. Matched case-control analyses using the seronegative controls determined that the following symptoms lasting for 3 or more days were associated with new HIV infection: fever greater than 37.7 degrees C, swollen lymph nodes, night sweats and headaches. Matched case-control analyses using the seropositive controls determined that the following symptoms lasting for 3 or more days were associated with new HIV infection: fatigue, fever greater than 37.7 degrees C, swollen lymph nodes, night sweats and headaches. It was notab
3122787
Fatigue/etiology Fever/etiology HIV Seropositivity/complications/*pathology Headache/etiology Homosexuality Humans Lymphadenitis/etiology Male
R. E. Fox, L. J., Fuchs, E. J., Kaslow, R. A., Visscher, B. R., Ho, M., Phair, J. P., Polk, B. F. (1987). Clinical manifestations of acute infection with human immunodeficiency virus in a cohort of gay men. AIDS, 1(1), 35-8.
Journal Article
Effect of HIV antibody disclosure on subsequent sexual activity in homosexual men
AIDS
1987
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3126772
During a prospective study of the natural history of AIDS, 1001 homosexual or bisexual men were offered the opportunity to learn their HIV antibody status. Six hundred and seventy (67%) of the population who elected to do so were similar to the 331 (33%) people who declined in a number of baseline characteristics. All were counselled to practice safe sex. To determine whether disclosure of HIV serologic status affects subsequent sexual behavior, we examined changes at four time-points in three sexual activities during the previous 6 months: the number of male partners with whom the participant had (1) sexual intercourse, (2) unprotected anal receptive intercourse, and (3) unprotected anal insertive intercourse. All activities decreased strikingly over the 18-month study period. Following disclosure, the mean number of partners dropped to 47% of the baseline number in people remaining unaware of their antibody status, to 45% in people told that they were seropositive, and to 55% in peop
3126772
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/etiology/prevention & control/*psychology Adult Antibodies, Viral/*isolation & purification HIV/*immunology HIV Antibodies Homosexuality Humans Male *Sexual Behavior Sexual Partners
R. O. Fox, N. J., Brookmeyer, R., Polk, B. F. (1987). Effect of HIV antibody disclosure on subsequent sexual activity in homosexual men. AIDS, 1(4), 241-6.
Journal Article
Factors associated with prevalent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
Am J Epidemiol
1987
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3651095
Interviews regarding medical history, life-style, specific drug taking and sexual activities, and physical examinations were administered to 4,955 homosexual men who volunteered for the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study in Baltimore, Chicago, Los Angeles, and Pittsburgh. Overall, the prevalence of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in these men was 38.0%. The factor most strongly associated with prevalent HIV infection according to a multiple logistic regression model was rectal trauma, a composite variable which included receptive anal fisting, enemas before sex, reporting of blood around the rectum, and the observation of scarring, fissures or fistulas on rectal examination. Receptive anal intercourse also was strongly associated with HIV infection in the model. The multivariate relative odds for HIV antibody positivity was 7.72 for the highest level of rectal trauma and 3.04 for receptive anal intercourse. Symptoms reported to occur in some persons who subsequently develop
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114696
3651095
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*epidemiology Adolescent Adult HIV/*isolation & purification Health Surveys *Homosexuality Humans Male Middle Aged Sexual Behavior United States
J. S. D. Chmiel, R., Kaslow, R. A., Van Raden, M., Kingsley, L. A., Brookmeyer, R. (1987). Factors associated with prevalent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Am J Epidemiol, 126(4), 568-77.
Journal Article
The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study: rationale, organization, and selected characteristics of the participants
Am J Epidemiol
1987
Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3300281
The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study was designed to elucidate the natural history of the infection causing acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), identify risk factors for occurrence and clinical expression of the infection, and establish a repository of biologic specimens for future study. A variety of recruitment techniques, including special assurance of confidentiality, were used to enroll participants. Nearly 5,000 homosexual men volunteered for semiannual interview, physical examination, and laboratory testing in four metropolitan areas. A significant majority of these men in each center (69-83%) reported having 50 or more lifetime sexual partners, and over 80% had engaged in receptive anal intercourse with at least some of their partners in the previous two years. By the time of the participants' initial evaluation (April 1984-April 1985), infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) had occurred in higher proportions of men in Los Angeles (51%) and Chicago (43%) than
10.1093/aje/126.2.310
3300281
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*diagnosis/epidemiology/immunology Adolescent Adult Clinical Trials as Topic Epidemiologic Methods Follow-Up Studies *Homosexuality Humans Male Middle Aged Sexual Behavior Surveys and Questionnaires United States
R. A. O. Kaslow, D. G., Detels, R., Phair, J. P., Polk, B. F., Rinaldo, C. R., Jr. (1987). The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study: rationale, organization, and selected characteristics of the participants. Am J Epidemiol, 126(2), 310-8.
Journal Article
The prevalent cohort study and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Am J Epidemiol
1987
Jul
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3647718
The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by a retrovirus, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A rapid and convenient method to identify additional cofactors or risk modifiers and markers of disease progression is to study a cohort prevalent with HIV antibody. However, because the time of viral infection is usually unknown in the cohort, there are several potential sources of bias. Three sources of bias in a prevalent cohort study are identified assuming a proportional hazards model: onset confounding, differential length-biased sampling, and frailty selection. A number of problems in the interpretation of results on markers from a prevalent cohort also are considered. It is concluded that risk estimates derived from a prevalent cohort are not directly comparable to risk estimates derived from an incident cohort.
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114646
3647718
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnosis/*epidemiology Epidemiologic Methods Follow-Up Studies HIV/*isolation & purification Humans Statistics as Topic United States
R. G. Brookmeyer, M. H., Polk, B. F. (1987). The prevalent cohort study and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Am J Epidemiol, 126(1), 14-24.
Journal Article
Immune pathogenesis of AIDS and related syndromes
Ann Inst Pasteur Immunol
1987
Mar-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2955795
HIV infection induces both immune deficiency and immune stimulation. Central to the pathology of HIV infection is reduction in the numbers and function of CD4 T cells. Impaired functions include decreased proliferation, IL-2 receptor expression and production of lymphokines (IL-2 and gamma interferon (IFN]. HIV infection stimulates B cells and CD8 T cells. This is seen relatively soon after HIV infection. Increased activation and immaturity are seen in both these cell groups. In vitro studies confirm HIV stimulation of these cells. Studies have been conducted on patients with AIDS and opportunistic infection (OI) or Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), with AIDS-related complex (ARC) or with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL), as well as on asymptomatic HIV-seropositive and -seronegative homosexually active men. The latter group has been followed at 6-month intervals for the past 2-3 years. Those who seroconverted (became HIV-infected) were studied to investigate early changes following HI
10.1016/s0769-2625(87)80075-2
2955795
AIDS-Related Complex/complications/diagnosis/*etiology Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications/diagnosis/*etiology Antibodies, Viral/analysis B-Lymphocytes/cytology/immunology Follow-Up Studies HIV Antibodies Humans Leukocyte Count Male Prognosis Sarcoma, Kaposi/etiology T-Lymphocytes/classification/immunology T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/cytology/immunology T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/cytology/immunology
J. L. G. Fahey, J., Martinez-Maza, O., Detels, R., Mitsuyasu, R., Taylor, J. (1987). Immune pathogenesis of AIDS and related syndromes. Ann Inst Pasteur Immunol, 138(2), 245-52.
Journal Article
T-cell phenotyping in the diagnosis and management of AIDS and AIDS-related disease
Ann Inst Pasteur Immunol
1987
Mar-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3038144
10.1016/s0769-2625(87)80074-0
3038144
AIDS-Related Complex/*diagnosis/therapy Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*diagnosis/etiology/immunology/therapy Antibodies, Viral/analysis Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte Antigens, Surface Deltaretrovirus/immunology HIV Antibodies Humans Male Phenotype Prognosis T-Lymphocytes/*classification/cytology/immunology T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/cytology T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/cytology
M. S. D. Gottlieb, R., Fahey, J. L. (1987). T-cell phenotyping in the diagnosis and management of AIDS and AIDS-related disease. Ann Inst Pasteur Immunol, 138(2), 235-43.
Journal Article
Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus: clinical manifestations and their relationship to immune deficiency. A report from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
Ann Intern Med
1987
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2957944
In 1984 a large prospective study of gay and bisexual men was begun to elucidate the natural history of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. At two successive semiannual examinations, clinical or hematologic abnormalities were found up to 13 times more often among HIV-seropositive men (n = 1611) than HIV-seronegative men (n = 2646). More than 30% of the seropositive participants had persistent generalized lymphadenopathy, independent of T-helper lymphocyte (CD4) counts and most other signs and symptoms. Other clinical manifestations such as thrush, anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, fever, and fatigue occurred with only slightly reduced CD4 counts (400 to 700/mm3) and appeared to increase exponentially with progressively lower counts. A simple systematically derived clinical index using these manifestations identified more than 70% of the seropositive men with significant T-helper cell depletion. This kind of clinical index may be useful for assessing groups of HIV-inf
10.7326/0003-4819-107-4-474
2957944
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*complications/immunology Antibodies, Viral/analysis HIV/immunology HIV Antibodies Homosexuality Humans Leukocyte Count Lymph Nodes/pathology Male Prospective Studies Sexual Behavior T-Lymphocytes/classification T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer
R. A. P. Kaslow, J. P., Friedman, H. B., Lyter, D., Solomon, R. E., Dudley, J., Polk, B. F., Blackwelder, W. (1987). Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus: clinical manifestations and their relationship to immune deficiency. A report from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Ann Intern Med, 107(4), 474-80.
Journal Article
Delayed hypersensitivity skin testing and anergy in a population of gay men
Clin Immunol Immunopathol
1987
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2822314
Anergy is almost universal among patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). To determine the prevalence and correlates of anergy in a population at risk for AIDS, we performed skin tests in 1120 gay men who were enrolled in a prospective study of the natural history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Anergy, defined as no induration to any of four intradermal antigens, was present in 12%. Individually, no induration was detected in response to tetanus toxoid (41%), mumps (28%), candida (47%), and trichophyton (72%). Anergy was strongly associated with the presence of antibody to HIV and with a reduced number of T helper lymphocytes, but not independently with generalized lymphadenopathy, the number of reported male sexual partners in the previous 2 years, the number of T suppressor lymphocytes, or with high titers of antibodies to cytomegalovirus. Nine percent of HIV antibody-negative subjects and 20% of antibody-positive subjects were anergic; anergy is
10.1016/0090-1229(87)90032-8
2822314
AIDS-Related Complex/*immunology Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology/*immunology Adolescent Adult Antibodies, Viral/analysis Cytomegalovirus/immunology District of Columbia HIV/immunology HIV Antibodies *Homosexuality Humans Hypersensitivity, Delayed/*immunology *Immunity, Cellular Intradermal Tests Leukocyte Count Male Maryland Middle Aged Prospective Studies Sexual Partners
S. D. F. Sears, R., Brookmeyer, R., Leavitt, R., Polk, B. F. (1987). Delayed hypersensitivity skin testing and anergy in a population of gay men. Clin Immunol Immunopathol, 45(2), 177-83.
Journal Article
T cell phenotyping in the diagnosis and management of AIDS and AIDS related diseases
Current Topics in AIDS: Volume 1
1987
10.1016/s0769-2625(87)80074-0.
AIDS AIDS-related diagnosis Disease management phenotyping t cell
Book Section
Predictors of clinical AIDS in young homosexual men in a high-risk area
Int J Epidemiol
1987
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3038764
One hundred and sixty-seven homosexual men in Los Angeles characterized by HIV antibody, T-cell numbers, titres to cytomegalovirus (CMV), and specific sexual practices were followed for two years for immune changes and for more than three years for development of clinical AIDS. Thirty-five per cent had antibody to HIV at baseline. The mean level of T-helper (Th) cells was significantly lower and of T-suppressor (Ts) cells significantly higher in HIV seropositives than in seronegatives. The annualized incidence of HIV seroconversion was 7%. Eight men developed AIDS, an attack rate of 14% in those with HIV antibody at baseline. A number of observations were made: T-cell alterations, except a transient elevation in Ts cells, were unusual in the absence of HIV antibody; a seropositive man with a T-cell alteration was significantly less likely to revert to 'within normal limits' than was a seronegative man; a steady decline in the number of Th cells preceded onset of clinical AIDS; the numb
10.1093/ije/16.2.271
3038764
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology Adult Antibodies, Viral/*analysis Cytomegalovirus/immunology HIV/immunology Homosexuality Humans Immunoglobulin G/analysis Immunoglobulin M/analysis Male Risk T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
R. V. Detels, B. R., Fahey, J. L., Sever, J. L., Gravell, M., Madden, D. L., Schwartz, K., Dudley, J. P., English, P. A., Powers, H., et al., (1987). Predictors of clinical AIDS in young homosexual men in a high-risk area. Int J Epidemiol, 16(2), 271-6.
Journal Article
Dermatologic findings associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection
J Am Acad Dermatol
1987
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3680653
Both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are associated with an increased prevalence of several dermatologic diseases. We studied healthy homosexual men with negative reactivity to HIV antibody, homosexual men without AIDS but with positive reactivity to HIV antibody, and homosexual men with AIDS to compare the prevalence of dermatologic disease in these groups. We found that five cutaneous disorders were increased in persons with HIV infection. Oral hairy leukoplakia was increased both in seropositive subjects without AIDS and in subjects with AIDS. Condylomata acuminata and seborrheic dermatitis were slightly increased in seropositive non-AIDS subjects and significantly increased in the AIDS group. Molluscum contagiosum and oral candidiasis were increased only in the AIDS group.
10.1016/s0190-9622(87)70257-6
3680653
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*complications *HIV Seropositivity *Homosexuality Humans Leukoplakia, Oral/epidemiology/etiology Male Sarcoma, Kaposi/epidemiology Skin Diseases/*epidemiology/etiology Skin Neoplasms/epidemiology
W. L. T. Matis, A., Shapiro, R., Eldred, L., Polk, B. F., Hood, A. F. (1987). Dermatologic findings associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Am Acad Dermatol, 17(5 Pt 1), 746-51.
Journal Article
Perceived Risk of AIDS: Assessing the Behavioral and Psychosocial Consequences in a Cohort of Gay Men
J Appl Soc Psychol
1987
Mar
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1987.tb00312.x
Longitudinal analyses reported here explored the relationship between a perceived sense of being at risk for AIDS and a variety of behavioral, social, and psychological consequences. Data were obtained from a cohort of 637 homosexual men living in Chicago, who are participating in a psychosocial study and have completed two waves of data collection. Their perceptions of risk were quantified using both an absolute and a comparative measure; these were combined into a risk index, scored from one to nine (x=3.91;SD=1.64). Univariate analyses demonstrated that level of risk was related to several measures of subsequent behavioral risk reduction. However, after adjustment for sociodemographic variables, initial behavior, and other components of a model predicting behavior change, this was no longer true. Of the 12 behavioral outcomes assessed, only one was related to risk after appropriate adjustment, and this relationship was negative. Other longitudinal analyses examined the impact of a s
10.1111/j.1559-1816.1987.tb00312.x
AIDS Antibodies antibody behavior behavior change behavioral change Chicago cohort gay men homosexual homosexual men longitudinal MACS model outcome policy population psychological psychosocial Risk study testing
J. G. M. Joseph, Susanne B., Emmons, Carol-Ann, Kirscht, John P., Kessler, Ronald C., Ostrow, David G., Wortman, Camille B., O'Brien, Kerth, Eller, Michael, Eshleman, Suzann (1987). Perceived Risk of AIDS: Assessing the Behavioral and Psychosocial Consequences in a Cohort of Gay Men. J Appl Soc Psychol, 17(3), 231-250.
Journal Article
Selective alterations in immunoregulatory lymphocyte subsets in early HIV (human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus) infection
J Clin Immunol
1987
Mar
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2883197
In order to characterize the effects of HIV (human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus) on the immune system, Leu8- and Leu8+ subsets of CD4 and CD8 cells were studied in seropositive homosexually active men without acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Controls included both heterosexual men and HIV-seronegative homosexually active men. The decrease in CD4 levels, observed in HIV-seropositive men who were asymptomatic, as well as in those who had persistent generalized lymphadenopathy or constitutional symptoms of HIV infection, occurred proportionally in both the Leu8- and the Leu8+ CD4 subsets. This observation, that HIV infection does not selectively diminish either subset of CD4 cells, indicates that the selective loss of T cell-mediated functions which accompanies the development of AIDS is not related to preferential loss of the Leu8+ CD4 subset. Among CD8 cells, however, HIV infection resulted in a threefold elevation in the number of Leu8- CD8
10.1007/BF00916008
2883197
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/blood/etiology/*immunology Adult Antibodies, Monoclonal Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte Antigens, Surface Homosexuality Humans Leukocyte Count Male Middle Aged T-Lymphocytes/classification/*immunology T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
J. V. N. Giorgi, P. G., Schmid, I., Hultin, L. E., Cheng, H. L., Detels, R. (1987). Selective alterations in immunoregulatory lymphocyte subsets in early HIV (human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus) infection. J Clin Immunol, 7(2), 140-50.
Journal Article
Immunogenicity of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reverse transcriptase: detection of high levels of antibodies to HIV reverse transcriptase in sera of homosexual men
J Clin Immunol
1987
May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2439530
Immunoglobulin isolated from sera of homosexual men infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) inhibited the reverse transcriptase (RT) activity of HIV. The inhibitory activity was specifically directed against HIV RT, and not against other mammalian retrovirus RT, including human T-lymphotropic virus type I. The relative titer of anti-RT antibody was significantly higher in asymptomatic men than in patients with lymphadenopathy or acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related complex. There was no correlation between the relative titer of anti-RT antibody and the relative titers of antibodies to major virion structural protein as determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. These data suggest that antibodies to HIV RT may be related to the clinical status and possibly to the different degree of HIV replication in HIV-infected homosexual men.
10.1007/BF00915727
2439530
AIDS-Related Complex/immunology Antibodies, Viral/*analysis Antibody Specificity HIV/*enzymology/immunology Homosexuality Humans Male RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/*immunology Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
R. R. Chatterjee, C. R., Jr., Gupta, P. (1987). Immunogenicity of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reverse transcriptase: detection of high levels of antibodies to HIV reverse transcriptase in sera of homosexual men. J Clin Immunol, 7(3), 218-24.
Journal Article
Alterations in cytotoxic and phenotypic subsets of natural killer cells in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
J Clin Immunol
1987
Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3104390
Testing of cytotoxic function using a panel of natural killer (NK)-sensitive target cells, including a unique herpes simplex virus-infected Raji-cell target, was performed in conjunction with phenotypic cell analysis by dual-color flow cytometry to characterize the NK system. Subjects included in the study were at risk for or infected with the etiologic agent of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A generalized defect in NK function was temporally correlated with disease manifestations, as evidenced by deficient NK lytic function in patients with AIDS and AIDS-related complex (ARC). Healthy at-risk subjects, including those seropositive for HIV, exhibited robust NK-cell function. Phenotypic analysis revealed that normal proportions of the NK-associated CD16+ (Leu11) Leu7- and CD16+(Leu11)Leu7+ lymphocyte subsets were maintained throughout the clinical progression of HIV infection. However, the proportion and numbers of cells of the CD8+(L
10.1007/BF00915420
3104390
AIDS-Related Complex/*immunology Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte Antigens, Surface/analysis Cytotoxicity, Immunologic Humans Immunity, Innate Killer Cells, Natural/classification/*immunology Leukocyte Count Male
S. S. Plaeger-Marshall, C. A., Giorgi, J. V., Mitsuyasu, R., Wolfe, P., Gottlieb, M., Beall, G. (1987). Alterations in cytotoxic and phenotypic subsets of natural killer cells in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). J Clin Immunol, 7(1), 16-23.
Journal Article
Detection of early antibodies in human immunodeficiency virus infection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blot, and radioimmunoprecipitation
J Clin Microbiol
1987
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3477569
A current concept of the serological response to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in humans is that antibodies to core antigens (p55, p24, and p15) are detectable earlier during initial stages of antibody production than antibodies against envelope antigens (gp160, gp120, and gp41). Comparative studies of Western blot (immunoblot), radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) during initial antibody production are limited to case reports and have not resolved the issue. Thirty of the 37 participants who are part of a prospective study had at least one specimen that was negative for anti-gp41 but had one or more other bands on Western blot. Twenty-seven of these 30 specimens were reactive for anti-gp120/160 in the RIPA. Of the same 30 specimens, kits from Bionetics identified 2 (7%), ElectroNucleonics 4 (13%), Abbott 13 (43%), Du Pont 25 (83%), and Genetic Systems 25 (83%). All participants had evidence of serological progression by We
10.1128/JCM.25.9.1605-1610.1987
3477569
PMC269292
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology Antibodies, Viral/*analysis Antigens, Viral/*immunology Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay False Negative Reactions HIV/*immunology HIV Antibodies HIV Antigens Humans Immunoassay Longitudinal Studies Male Predictive Value of Tests Prospective Studies Radioimmunoassay Reagent Kits, Diagnostic
A. J. F. Saah, H., Fox, R., Nishanian, P., Rinaldo, C. R., Jr., Phair, J. P., Fahey, J. L., Lee, T. H., Polk, B. F. (1987). Detection of early antibodies in human immunodeficiency virus infection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blot, and radioimmunoprecipitation. J Clin Microbiol, 25(9), 1605-10. PMC269292
Journal Article
Antibody that inhibits human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase and association with inability to isolate virus
J Clin Microbiol
1987
Dec-87
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2448336
Most individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the causative agent of acquired immune deficiency syndrome, produce an antibody against the viral reverse transcriptase (RT). Our studies show that 67% of HIV-seropositive individuals (33 of 49) produced an antibody that specifically inhibited viral RT enzyme activity. We were able to isolate HIV from only 18% of these individuals (6 of 33). On the other hand, virus was readily isolated from 63% of HIV-seropositive individuals (10 of 16) who did not demonstrate this antibody. Further examination of this RT-inhibiting antibody and its role during virus infection is needed, as it may prove to be of diagnostic, prognostic, or therapeutic value in this study and treatment of acquired immune deficiency syndrome
10.1128/JCM.25.12.2415-2417.1987
2448336
PMC269505
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome agent Antibodies Antibodies,Viral antibody deficiency Dna enzymology Hand Hiv HIV Antibodies Human human immunodeficiency virus immune immune deficiency Immunoassay immunodeficiency immunology infection isolation & purification Kinetics Male Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. United States virus
K. L. Sano, M.H., Morales, F., Nishanian, P., Fahey, J., Detels, R., Imagawa, D.T. (1987). Antibody that inhibits human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase and association with inability to isolate virus. J Clin Microbiol, 25(12), 2415-2417. PMC269505
Journal Article
Sensitive reverse transcriptase assay to detect and quantitate human immunodeficiency virus
J Clin Microbiol
1987
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2443532
A sensitive biochemical assay of viral reverse transcriptase (RT) was developed that is useful for both the detection and quantitation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the agent responsible for acquired immune deficiency syndrome in humans. This assay gave a 20- to 40-fold increase in enzyme activity over the current method used for RT detection of HIV. The test is based on a previous biochemical study showing the unusual stability of avian oncornavirus RNA-dependent DNA polymerases at 30 degrees C for at least 2 days. Our study shows that the HIV polymerase is stable at 30 to 37 degrees C for up to 3 days. By using this sensitive RT assay, as few as 250 HIV virions can be quantitated directly in tissue culture medium. This assay should prove useful in studies in which the detection of HIV or the quantitation of the number of virions is required.
10.1128/JCM.25.9.1717-1721.1987
2443532
PMC269314
Cell Line Culture Media HIV/enzymology/growth & development/*isolation & purification/ultrastructure Humans Kinetics Microscopy, Electron RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/*analysis/metabolism Virion/growth & development/isolation & purification/ultrastructure
M. H. S. Lee, K., Morales, F. E., Imagawa, D. T. (1987). Sensitive reverse transcriptase assay to detect and quantitate human immunodeficiency virus. J Clin Microbiol, 25(9), 1717-21. PMC269314
Journal Article
Detection of human immunodeficiency virus by reverse transcriptase assay, antigen capture assay, and radioimmunoassay
J Clin Microbiol
1987
Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2439537
The reverse transcriptase assay, antigen capture assay, and radioimmunoassay were compared for the detection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in culture fluids of virus-infected lymphocytes. The reverse transcriptase assay and the antigen capture assay were compared for 962 samples, and the two tests displayed comparable sensitivities (98.5% agreement) in detecting HIV antigen. In addition, these two tests displayed similar sensitivities when examined for the kinetics of HIV appearance following in vitro infection of normal lymphocytes. We also found the antigen capture assay to be as sensitive as the radioimmunoassay in detecting HIV antigen in culture fluids. Furthermore, all three tests were found to be reasonably concordant when applied simultaneously to the detection of HIV antigen in cultures. The antigen capture assay, however, is relatively fast, can handle a large number of samples, does not require radioactive material, and is less expensive than the other two tests. The
10.1128/JCM.25.6.1122-1125.1987
2439537
PMC269152
Antigens, Viral/analysis Cells, Cultured Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay HIV/enzymology/immunology/*isolation & purification HIV Antigens Homosexuality Humans Kinetics Lymphocytes/*microbiology Male RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/metabolism Radioimmunoassay
P. B. Gupta, R., Grovit, K., Webster, D., Rinaldo, C., Jr. (1987). Detection of human immunodeficiency virus by reverse transcriptase assay, antigen capture assay, and radioimmunoassay. J Clin Microbiol, 25(6), 1122-5. PMC269152
Journal Article
Significance of quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results in evaluation of three ELISAs and Western blot tests for detection of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus in a high-risk population
J Clin Microbiol
1987
Feb
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3546369
The characteristics of primary (first) tests with three enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody were determined. The three ELISAs were performed on 3,229, 3,130, and 685 specimens from high-risk individuals using the Litton (LT; Litton Bionetics Laboratory Products, Charleston, S.C.), Dupont (DP; E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc., Wilmington, Del.), and Genetic Systems (GS; Genetic Systems, Seattle, Wash.) kits, respectively. Evaluation was based on the distribution of quantitative test results (such as optical densities), a comparison with Western blot (WB) results, reproducibility of the tests, and identification of seroconverters. The performances of the GS and the DP kits were good by all four criteria and exceeded that of the LT kit. Primary ELISA-negative results were not always confirmed with repeat ELISA and by WB testing. The largest percentage of these unconfirmed negative test results came from samples with quantitati
10.1128/JCM.25.2.395-400.1987
3546369
PMC265907
Antibodies, Viral/*analysis Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay HIV/*immunology HIV Antibodies Homosexuality Humans Immunologic Techniques Male Reagent Kits, Diagnostic Risk
P. T. Nishanian, J. M., Korns, E., Detels, R., Saah, A., Fahey, J. L. (1987). Significance of quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results in evaluation of three ELISAs and Western blot tests for detection of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus in a high-risk population. J Clin Microbiol, 25(2), 395-400. PMC265907
Journal Article
Antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus in human sera induce cell-mediated lysis of human immunodeficiency virus-infected cells
J Immunol
1987
1-Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2821115
The capacity of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody-positive sera from homosexually active men without acquired immune deficiency syndrome to lyse the HIV-infected T cell lines MOLT-4f and CCRF-CEM (CEM) in cooperation with lymphocytes from normal donors was investigated. Twenty-seven HIV antibody-positive sera, most of which enhanced the killing of HIV-infected MOLT-4f and CEM target cells by normal mononuclear cells were studied in detail. HIV antibody-positive sera resulted in lysis at dilutions as high as 1/10,000. HIV antibody-negative sera did not augment lysis of infected target cells. In addition, lysis of uninfected targets was not enhanced in the presence of HIV antibody-positive sera. Because fractionation of the HIV antibody-positive sera on a protein A affinity column resulted in recovery of the activity from the IgG fraction, the extra cytotoxic activity mediated by nonimmune cells in the presence of immune sera appears to be antibody-dependent. Furthermore, the c
2821115
Adult Antibodies, Viral/*immunology *Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity HIV/*immunology HIV Antibodies HIV Envelope Protein gp120 Humans Immune Sera Immunoglobulin G/immunology Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology Male Retroviridae Proteins/immunology T-Lymphocytes/microbiology Tumor Cells, Cultured/microbiology
E. A. N. Ojo-Amaize, P., Keith, D. E., Jr., Houghton, R. L., Heitjan, D. F., Fahey, J. L., Giorgi, J. V. (1987). Antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus in human sera induce cell-mediated lysis of human immunodeficiency virus-infected cells. J Immunol, 139(7), 2458-63.
Journal Article
Early effects of HIV on CD4 lymphocytes in vivo
J Immunol
1987
1-Jun
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3108371
Low circulating CD4 cell numbers and CD4 cell dysfunction are distinguishing features of HIV-mediated disease. The current study delineates the in vivo effects of HIV on distinct functional subsets of CD4 cells in homosexually active men who have been infected with HIV for different lengths of time, and examines the capacity of lymphocytes from these men to proliferate in vitro in response to soluble antigen. Although peripherial blood mononuclear cells from most acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients did not proliferate in response to either tetanus toxoid or Candida albicans, cells from most HIV seropositive men without AIDS, many of whom had been infected for more than 18 mo, responded normally to both. Non-responsiveness in HIV-infected men without AIDS was a late event and was associated with longer duration of infection, lower CD4 cell numbers, and subsequent development of AIDS. A defect in this response was observed in only one of 19 HIV seropositive men whose CD4
3108371
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology Antigens/immunology Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte Antigens, Surface/analysis Candida albicans/immunology Flow Cytometry HIV/*immunology Homosexuality Humans Lymphocyte Activation Solubility T-Lymphocytes/classification/*immunology Tetanus Toxoid/immunology Time Factors
J. V. F. Giorgi, J. L., Smith, D. C., Hultin, L. E., Cheng, H. L., Mitsuyasu, R. T., Detels, R. (1987). Early effects of HIV on CD4 lymphocytes in vivo. J Immunol, 138(11), 3725-30.
Journal Article
Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with an in vivo increase in B lymphocyte activation and immaturity
J Immunol
1987
6/1/1987
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2953790
The expression of phenotypic markers on B lymphocytes in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive individuals, and in healthy seronegative donors was examined by two-color flow cytometry. Patients with AIDS and HIV-seropositive individuals showed an elevated percentage of B cells bearing an activation marker, the transferrin receptor, when compared with donors not infected with HIV. A decrease in the percentage of resting (Leu-8 positive) B cells was also seen in AIDS patients and HIV-seropositive individuals. An increased percentage of circulating, immature (CALLA-positive, CD10) B cells was seen in AIDS patients. These phenotypic changes were accompanied by an increased level of spontaneous IgG and IgM secretion, and increased cell size within the total B cell population and in some B cell subpopulations, in patients with AIDS and in HIV-seropositive people. These results demonstrate that phenotypic changes indic
2953790
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome activation AIDS analysis Antigens Antigens,Neoplasm Antigens,Surface B cells B-Lymphocytes biosynthesis Cell Differentiation Cell Size classification deficiency Flow Cytometry Hiv Human human immunodeficiency virus Igg Igm immune immune deficiency immunodeficiency immunoglobulin Immunoglobulin G Immunoglobulin M immunology infection lymphocyte Lymphocyte Transformation Lymphocytes marker markers Neprilysin population secretion seropositive Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,Non-P.H.S. Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. T-Lymphocytes United States virus
O. C. Martinez-Maza, E., Mitsuyasu, R.T., Fahey, J.L., Giorgi, J.V. (1987). Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with an in vivo increase in B lymphocyte activation and immaturity. J Immunol, 138(11), 3720-3724.
Journal Article
Human immunodeficiency virus antigenemia
JAMA
1987
4-Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3476761
10.1001/jama.1987.03400090102044
3476761
AIDS-Related Complex/diagnosis Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*diagnosis Antigens, Viral/*analysis HIV/immunology HIV Antigens Humans
J. P. Phair (1987). Human immunodeficiency virus antigenemia. JAMA, 258(9), 1218.
Journal Article
Antibody responses after influenza and pneumococcal immunization in HIV-infected homosexual men
JAMA
1987
17-Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3560380
We conducted a study to assess the effect of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on humoral immunity. Fifty-five homosexual men and 19 heterosexual men had four- to six-week postimmunization antibody responses measured to trivalent influenza vaccine and 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine. The homosexual men were divided into three groups: 20 asymptomatic HIV-seronegative men, 10 asymptomatic HIV-seropositive men, and 25 HIV-seropositive men with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy. Antibody responses to influenza antigens in the subgroups of homosexual men did not significantly differ from those of heterosexual controls. The IgG antibody responses to pneumococcal capsular types 9N and 18C in men with lymphadenopathy, and type 18C in HIV-seronegative homosexual men, were lower than those of heterosexual controls. Otherwise, responses to other ten capsular types showed no significant differences. There was no evidence of an immunosuppressive effect of vaccination on T-cell number
3560380
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology Adult Antibodies, Bacterial/*biosynthesis Antibodies, Viral/*biosynthesis Bacterial Vaccines/*immunology Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests Homosexuality Humans Immunoglobulin G/biosynthesis Influenza Vaccines/*immunology Leukocyte Count Male Middle Aged Pneumococcal Vaccines
K. L. R. Huang, F. L., Rinaldo, C. R., Jr., Kingsley, L., Lyter, D. W., Ho, M. (1987). Antibody responses after influenza and pneumococcal immunization in HIV-infected homosexual men. JAMA, 257(15), 2047-50.
Journal Article
Risk factors for seroconversion to human immunodeficiency virus among male homosexuals. Results from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
Lancet
1987
2/14/1987
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2880160
2507 homosexual men who were seronegative for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) at enrollment were followed for six months to elucidate risk factors for seroconversion to HIV. 95 (3.8%) seroconverted. Of men who did not engage in receptive anal intercourse within six months before baseline and in the six-month follow-up period, only 0.5% (3/646) seroconverted to HIV. By contrast, of men who engaged in receptive anal intercourse with two or more partners during each of these successive six-month intervals, 10.6% (58/548) seroconverted. No HIV seroconversions occurred in 220 homosexual men who did not practise receptive or insertive anal intercourse within twelve months before the follow-up visit. On multivariate analysis receptive anal intercourse was the only significant risk factor for seroconversion to HIV, the risk ratio increasing from 3-fold for one partner to 18-fold for five or more partners. Furthermore, data for the two successive six-month periods show that men who reduced o
10.1016/s0140-6736(87)91725-9
2880160
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Adolescence Adult Aged AIDS anal intercourse analysis Analysis of Variance Antibodies Antibodies,Viral antibody cohort Cohort Studies cohort study complications epidemiology follow-up Follow-Up Studies Gonorrhea Hiv HIV Antibodies HIV infection HIV Infections homosexual homosexual men Homosexuality Human human immunodeficiency virus immunodeficiency immunology infection infections Male Middle Age Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Multivariate Analysis Risk Risk Factors seroconversion Sex Behavior study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. United States virus
L. A. D. Kingsley, R., Kaslow, R., Polk, B.F., Rinaldo, C.R., Jr., Chmiel, J., Detre, K., Kelsey, S.F., Odaka, N., Ostrow, D., Van Raden, M., Visscher, B. (1987). Risk factors for seroconversion to human immunodeficiency virus among male homosexuals. Results from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Lancet, 1(8529), 345-349.
Journal Article
Neurologic manifestations of AIDS
Medicine (Baltimore)
1987
Nov
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3316921
An understanding of the biologic characteristics and cellular tropism of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is critical to appreciate the diverse neurologic manifestations of HIV infection in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Only carefully designed prospective studies can provide information regarding prevalence, incidence, and natural history of the full spectrum of neurologic complications of HIV infection. A degree of tropism for monocyte/macrophages and possibly for cells within the CNS seems certain. One of the most frequent complications is AIDS-related dementia, which reflects central nervous system invasion by HIV. Despite the evidence linking unchecked viral replication within the brain and progressive dementia, the basic pathogenetic mechanisms remain obscure. Further characterization of the cellular targets of HIV within the brain, and the mechanisms which ultimately lead to the dementia, is critical. The demonstration that HIV enters the central
10.1097/00005792-198711000-00001
3316921
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*complications Adolescent Adult Aged Brain/diagnostic imaging/pathology Dementia/etiology/pathology Female Humans Male Meningitis/diagnosis/etiology Middle Aged Nervous System Diseases/*etiology Nervous System Neoplasms/etiology Radiography Virus Diseases/etiology
J. C. McArthur (1987). Neurologic manifestations of AIDS. Medicine (Baltimore), 66(6), 407-37.
Journal Article
Predictors of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome developing in a cohort of seropositive homosexual men
N Engl J Med
1987
8-Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3024007
In a cohort of 1835 homosexual men who were seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on entry into a prospective study, the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) developed in 59 during a median follow-up of 15 months. We matched 5 seropositive controls to each case according to study center and date of enrollment and performed a case-control analysis to determine factors predictive of AIDS. In a multivariate analysis, a decreased number of T helper lymphocytes, an increased number of T suppressor lymphocytes, a low level of antibody to HIV, a high titer of cytomegalovirus antibody, and a history of sex with someone in whom AIDS developed were independently associated with subsequent AIDS. Separate analyses of risk factors for Kaposi's sarcoma and opportunistic infections failed to support previously reported associations between the use of nitrites or an elevated cytomegalovirus-antibody titer and Kaposi's sarcoma. These variables may be markers rather than determinants
10.1056/NEJM198701083160201
3024007
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology Adult Antibodies, Viral/*analysis Deltaretrovirus/*immunology Follow-Up Studies HIV Antibodies *Homosexuality Humans Male Opportunistic Infections/complications Prospective Studies Sarcoma, Kaposi/complications Sexual Behavior Time Factors
B. F. F. Polk, R., Brookmeyer, R., Kanchanaraksa, S., Kaslow, R., Visscher, B., Rinaldo, C., Phair, J. (1987). Predictors of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome developing in a cohort of seropositive homosexual men. N Engl J Med, 316(2), 61-6.
Journal Article
The effect of group education on improving attitudes about AIDS risk reduction
N Y State J Med
1987
May-87
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3473331
3473331
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome AIDS Attitude behavior Education Health Education Health Promotion Homosexuality Human Male prevention & control Risk risk reduction Sex Behavior Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. United States
R. O. L. Valdiserri, D.W., Kingsley, L.A., Leviton, L.C., Schofield, J.W., Huggins, J., Ho, M., Rinaldo, C.R., Jr. (1987). The effect of group education on improving attitudes about AIDS risk reduction. N Y State J Med, 87(5), 272-278.
Journal Article
Comparison of several ELISA and Western blot tests for antibodies to HIV in a high risk population
Proceedings of the First IUIS Conference on Clinical Immunology
1987
Antibodies antibody clinical ELISA high-risk Hiv immunology MACS population Risk western blot
Book Section
Magnitude and determinants of behavioral risk reduction: Longitudinal analysis of a cohort at risks for AIDS
Psychol Health
1987
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08870448708400316
The magnitude and predictors of longitudinal behavioral change are reported in a cohort of homosexual men at risk for AIDS. Self- reports of sexual behavior were obtained at two points in time separated by an interval of approximately six months. These self- reports were used to construct both dichotomous and continuous measures of changes in behavior consistent with reduction in the transmission of the AIDS virus (HIV). Although there was considerable variability in behavior, mean changes were consistently in the desired direction. Avoidance of anonymous sexual partners, monogamy, and modification of receptive anal sex to reduce exposure to semen by condom use or withdrawal prior to ejaculation appeared to be especially important in this cohort. Both multiple linear regression and multiple logistic regression were used to examine the relationship between a model of health behavior and these outcomes. Variables examined included knowledge of AIDS, perceived risk of AIDS, the perceived
10.1037//0022-006x.59.1.163
2002133
AIDS analysis Antibodies antibody behavior behavioral beliefs change cohort condom control Ejaculation health Health Behavior Hiv HIV Antibodies homosexual homosexual men longitudinal MACS model outcome policy predictor predictors prevention Risk risk reduction Semen sex sexual sexual behavior sexual behavior change Sexual Partners social networks testing transmission virus
J. G. M. Joseph, S.B., Emmons, C.A., Kessler, R.C., Ostrow, D.G., Wortman, C.B., O'Brien, K., Eller, M., Eshleman, S. (1987). Magnitude and determinants of behavioral risk reduction: Longitudinal analysis of a cohort at risks for AIDS. Psychol Health, 1(), 73-96.
Journal Article
The HIV antibody test: why gay and bisexual men want or do not want to know their results
Public Health Rep
1987
Sep-Oct
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3116576
Beginning in the latter part of 1985, 2,047 gay and bisexual men who were enrolled in the Pitt Men's Study, the Pittsburgh cohort of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), were invited by mail to learn the results of their antibody test for HIV infection--human immunodeficiency virus infection. Participants were asked to complete and return a questionnaire designed to assess the factors influencing their (a) decision about learning the results, (b) recent sexual behavior, (c) knowledge about acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and (d) attitudes toward AIDS risk reduction. Of those men, 1,251 (61 percent) accepted the invitation, 188 (9 percent) declined, and 608 (30 percent) failed to respond. Fifty-four percent of the cohort subsequently learned their results. There were no significant differences in demographic, behavioral, and attitudinal characteristics or HIV seroprevalence between the men who accepted and those who declined. However, significant demographic differences
3116576
PMC1477899
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Adult AIDS analysis Antibodies Antibodies,Viral antibody Attitude to Health bisexual men characteristics Cognition cohort Cohort Studies cohort study Hiv HIV Antibodies HIV Seroprevalence Homosexuality Human immunodeficiency immunology infection MACS Male Minority Groups Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Prospective Studies psychological psychology questionnaire Questionnaires Risk Sex Behavior sexual sexual behavior study Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. United States virus
D. W. V. Lyter, R.O., Kingsley, L.A., Amoroso, W.P., Rinaldo, C.R., Jr. (1987). The HIV antibody test: why gay and bisexual men want or do not want to know their results. Public Health Rep, 102(5), 468-474. PMC1477899
Journal Article
Telangiectases [corrected] of the anterior chest in homosexual men
Ann Intern Med
1986
Nov 1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3464223
10.7326/0003-4819-105-5-679
3464223
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications Adult Antibodies, Viral/analysis HIV/immunology HIV Antibodies *Homosexuality Humans Male Middle Aged Sexual Behavior Skin/*blood supply Telangiectasis/*epidemiology/etiology Thorax
T. Fallon, Jr., Abell, E., Kingsley, L., Ho, M., Winkelstein, A., Jensen, F., Rinaldo, C., Jr. (1986). Telangiectases [corrected] of the anterior chest in homosexual men. Ann Intern Med, 105(5), 679-82.
Journal Article
Psychosocial predictors of reported behavior change in homosexual men at risk for AIDS
Health Educ Q
1986
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3781858
Materials and methods: We conducted a current critical appraisal of anal cancer literature using World Health Organization criteria for assessing the potential utility of a public health screening program.
10.1177/109019818601300405
3781858
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*prevention & control/psychology/transmission Adult Chicago Health Education *Homosexuality Humans Male Perception Regression Analysis Risk *Sexual Behavior Social Support Surveys and Questionnaires
C. A. J. Emmons, J. G., Kessler, R. C., Wortman, C. B., Montgomery, S. B., Ostrow, D. G. (1986). Psychosocial predictors of reported behavior change in homosexual men at risk for AIDS. Health Educ Q, 13(4), 331-45.
Journal Article
Marketing strategies for recruiting gay men into AIDS research and education projects
J Community Health
1986
Dec
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3558875
Recruiting gay and bisexual men into AIDS-related research and education programs will become increasingly common as federal, state and local funds become available. The Pitt Men's Study, a study of the natural history of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection, developed a recruitment strategy based on marketing principles. These techniques allowed the study to target particular gay and bisexual groups for inclusion. 1718 gay and bisexual men were recruited. Non-whites and unemployed men were targeted and recruited in numbers comparable to their representation in the larger community.
10.1007/BF01325118
3558875
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Adult Advertising AIDS AIDS-related bisexual men Education Ethnic Groups Hiv Homosexuality Human human immunodeficiency virus immunodeficiency infection Male methods natural history Patient Acceptance of Health Care Pennsylvania prevention & control research Research Design study Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. United States virus Whites
A. L. Silvestre, D.W., Rinaldo, C.R., Jr., Kingsley, L.A., Forrester, R., Huggins, J. (1986). Marketing strategies for recruiting gay men into AIDS research and education projects. J Community Health, 11(4), 222-232.
Journal Article
Association of HTLV-III with Epstein-Barr virus infection and abnormalities of T lymphocytes in homosexual men
J Infect Dis
1986
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3018092
Results: Digital Anal Rectal Examination satisfies most, but not all, World Health Organization criteria for a public health program that seeks to detect early invasive anal cancer in populations at high risk for anal cancer, most notably HIV-positive men who have sex with men; however, DARE is not appropriate when facilities for treatment are nonexistent. In addition, there are insufficient data on DARE sensitivity and specificity.
10.1093/infdis/154.4.556
3018092
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/blood/*complications/immunology Adolescent Adult Antibodies, Viral/analysis Antigens, Viral/immunology *Capsid Proteins Deltaretrovirus/immunology HIV Antibodies Herpesviridae Infections/blood/*complications/immunology Herpesvirus 4, Human Homosexuality Humans Immunoglobulin G/analysis Leukocyte Count Male Middle Aged Retroviridae Infections/blood/*complications/immunology *T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer *T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory
C. R. Rinaldo, Jr., Kingsley, L. A., Lyter, D. W., Rabin, B. S., Atchison, R. W., Bodner, A. J., Weiss, S. H., Saxinger, W. C. (1986). Association of HTLV-III with Epstein-Barr virus infection and abnormalities of T lymphocytes in homosexual men. J Infect Dis, 154(4), 556-61.
Journal Article
The time from infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to the onset of AIDS
J Infect Dis
1986
Oct 1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3018095
10.1093/infdis/154.4.694
3018095
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology/*physiopathology Antibodies, Viral/*analysis Deltaretrovirus/*immunology HIV Antibodies Homosexuality Humans Leukocyte Count Male Probability Retroviridae Infections/epidemiology/*physiopathology Statistics as Topic T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer Time Factors
J. M. S. Taylor, K., Detels, R. (1986). The time from infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to the onset of AIDS. J Infect Dis, 154(4), 694-7.
Journal Article
Excretion of cytomegalovirus in semen associated with HTLV-III seropositivity in asymptomatic homosexual men
J Med Virol
1986
Sep
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3020166
Conclusions: The mildly invasive nature of DARE, limited likelihood of adverse procedure-related events, cost-effectiveness and patient acceptability, as well as wide availability of DARE support consideration of its integration into screening for populations at high risk of anal cancer, especially HIV-positive men who have sex with men.
10.1002/jmv.1890200104
3020166
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications Adolescent Adult Antibodies, Viral/*analysis Cytomegalovirus/*isolation & purification Cytomegalovirus Infections/complications HIV/*immunology HIV Antibodies Homosexuality Humans Male Middle Aged Semen/*microbiology
C. R. Rinaldo, Jr., Kingsley, L. A., Lyter, D. W., Bodner, A. J., Weiss, S. H., Saxinger, W. C. (1986). Excretion of cytomegalovirus in semen associated with HTLV-III seropositivity in asymptomatic homosexual men. J Med Virol, 20(1), 17-22.
Journal Article
Neurological manifestations of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
J Neurosci Nurs
1986
Oct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2877039
This article provides an overview of the range of neurological manifestations that have been described in association with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The transmission of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and the precautions personnel must take when having contact with patients with AIDS are briefly reviewed. The nursing approach to the neurologically impaired victim of HIV infection is discussed.
10.1097/01376517-198610000-00002
2877039
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*complications Central Nervous System Diseases/*etiology/nursing Cryptococcosis/etiology Deltaretrovirus Infections/complications Dementia/etiology Female Herpesviridae Infections/etiology Humans Hyperesthesia/etiology Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal/etiology Male Meningitis, Viral/etiology Nervous System Neoplasms/etiology Spinal Cord Diseases/etiology Toxoplasmosis/etiology
J H McArthur, J C McArthur (1986). Neurological manifestations of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. J Neurosci Nurs, 18(5), 242-9.
Journal Article
Diagnostic and prognostic factors in AIDS
Mt Sinai J Med
1986
Dec
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3027546
3027546
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*diagnosis Antibodies, Viral/analysis Deltaretrovirus/genetics/immunology Homosexuality Humans Male Prognosis
J L Fahey, J M Taylor, E Korns, P Nishanian (1986). Diagnostic and prognostic factors in AIDS. Mt Sinai J Med, 53(8), 657-63.
Journal Article
Psychosocial aspects of AIDS risk
Psychopharmacol Bull
1986
1986
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3797573
3797573
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*psychology Adult *Homosexuality Humans Life Style Male Risk Sexual Behavior *Social Environment
D. G. J. Ostrow, J., Monjan, A., Kessler, R., Emmons, C., Phair, J., Fox, R., Kingsley, L., Dudley, J., Chmiel, J. S., et al., (1986). Psychosocial aspects of AIDS risk. Psychopharmacol Bull, 22(3), 678-83.
Journal Article
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