Total cloud area fraction (reported as a percentage) for the whole atmospheric column, as seen from the surface or the top of the atmosphere. Includes both large-scale and convective cloud.
3hr
3hr
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
surface_upward_latent_heat_flux
Surface Upward Latent Heat Flux
W m-2
The surface called 'surface' means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. 'Upward' indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface latent heat flux is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air on account of evaporation (including sublimation). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics.
3hr
3hr
longitude latitude time
atmos
up
area: time: mean
area: areacella
surface_upward_sensible_heat_flux
Surface Upward Sensible Heat Flux
W m-2
The surface sensible heat flux, also called turbulent heat flux, is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air by motion of air.
3hr
3hr
longitude latitude time
atmos
up
area: time: mean
area: areacella
specific_humidity
Near-Surface Specific Humidity
1
Near-surface (usually, 2 meter) specific humidity.
3hr
3hrPt
longitude latitude time1 height2m
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
runoff_flux
Total Runoff
kg m-2 s-1
The total run-off (including drainage through the base of the soil model) per unit area leaving the land portion of the grid cell.
3hr
3hr
longitude latitude time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
mass_content_of_water_in_soil_layer
Moisture in Upper Portion of Soil Column
kg m-2
The mass of water in all phases in the upper 10cm of the soil layer.
3hr
3hrPt
longitude latitude time1 sdepth1
land
area: mean where land time: point
area: areacella
precipitation_flux
Precipitation
kg m-2 s-1
includes both liquid and solid phases
3hr
3hr
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
convective_precipitation_flux
Convective Precipitation
kg m-2 s-1
Convective precipitation at surface; includes both liquid and solid phases.
3hr
3hr
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
snowfall_flux
Snowfall Flux
kg m-2 s-1
At surface; includes precipitation of all forms of water in the solid phase
3hr
3hr
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
surface_air_pressure
Surface Air Pressure
Pa
surface pressure (not mean sea-level pressure), 2-D field to calculate the 3-D pressure field from hybrid coordinates
3hr
3hrPt
longitude latitude time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air
Surface Downwelling Longwave Radiation
W m-2
The surface called 'surface' means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. 'longwave' means longwave radiation. Downwelling radiation is radiation from above. It does not mean 'net downward'. When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called 'irradiance'. In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called 'vector irradiance'. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per
The surface called 'surface' means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. 'longwave' means longwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean 'net upward'. When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called 'irradiance'. In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called 'vector irradiance'. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit
Surface solar irradiance clear sky for UV calculations
3hr
3hr
longitude latitude time
atmos
down
area: time: mean
area: areacella
surface_diffuse_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air
Surface Diffuse Downwelling Shortwave Radiation
W m-2
Surface downwelling solar irradiance from diffuse radiation for UV calculations.
3hr
3hr
longitude latitude time
atmos
down
area: time: mean
area: areacella
surface_upwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air
Surface Upwelling Shortwave Radiation
W m-2
The surface called 'surface' means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. 'shortwave' means shortwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean 'net upward'. When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called 'irradiance'. In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called 'vector irradiance'. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per un
TOA Outgoing Clear-Sky Longwave Flux Due to Volcanic Aerosols
W m-2
downwelling longwave flux due to volcanic aerosols at TOA under clear sky to be diagnosed through double radiation call
6hrPlevPt
6hrPt
longitude latitude time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
mass_content_of_water_in_soil_layer
Total Water Content of Soil Layer
kg m-2
in each soil layer, the mass of water in all phases, including ice. Reported as 'missing' for grid cells occupied entirely by 'sea'
6hrPlevPt
6hrPt
longitude latitude sdepth time1
land
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
mass_content_of_water_in_soil_layer
Moisture in Upper Portion of Soil Column
kg m-2
The mass of water in all phases in the upper 10cm of the soil layer.
6hrPlevPt
6hrPt
longitude latitude time1 sdepth1
land
area: mean where land time: point
area: areacella
air_pressure_at_mean_sea_level
Sea Level Pressure
Pa
Sea Level Pressure
6hrPlevPt
6hrPt
longitude latitude time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
mass_fraction_of_liquid_precipitation_in_air
Mass Fraction of Rain in Air
1
Rain mixing ratio
6hrPlevPt
6hrPt
longitude latitude plev27 time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
atmosphere_relative_vorticity
Relative Vorticity at 850hPa
s-1
Relative vorticity is the upward component of the vorticity vector i.e. the component which arises from horizontal velocity.
6hrPlevPt
6hrPt
longitude latitude time1 p850
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
wind_speed
Near-Surface Wind Speed
m s-1
near-surface (usually, 10 meters) wind speed.
6hrPlevPt
6hrPt
longitude latitude time1 height10m
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
mass_fraction_of_snow_in_air
Mass Fraction of Snow in Air
1
Snow mixing ratio
6hrPlevPt
6hrPt
longitude latitude plev27 time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
surface_snow_amount
Surface Snow Amount
kg m-2
The mass of surface snow on the land portion of the grid cell divided by the land area in the grid cell; reported as missing where the land fraction is 0; excludes snow on vegetation canopy or on sea ice.
TOA Outgoing Clear-Sky Shortwave Flux Due to Volcanic Aerosols
W m-2
Downwelling shortwave flux due to volcanic aerosols at TOA under clear sky to be diagnosed through double radiation call
6hrPlevPt
6hrPt
longitude latitude time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
air_temperature
Air Temperature
K
Air Temperature
6hrPlevPt
6hrPt
longitude latitude plev3 time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
air_temperature
Air Temperature
K
Air Temperature
6hrPlevPt
6hrPt
longitude latitude plev27 time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
air_temperature
Air Temperature
K
Air Temperature
6hrPlevPt
6hrPt
longitude latitude plev7h time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
air_temperature
Near-Surface Air Temperature
K
near-surface (usually, 2 meter) air temperature
6hrPlevPt
6hrPt
longitude latitude time1 height2m
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
surface_temperature
Surface Temperature
K
Temperature of the lower boundary of the atmosphere
6hrPlevPt
6hrPt
longitude latitude time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
soil_temperature
Temperature of Soil
K
Temperature of soil. Reported as missing for grid cells with no land.
6hrPlevPt
6hrPt
longitude latitude time1 sdepth1
land
area: mean where land time: point
area: areacella
eastward_wind
Eastward Wind
m s-1
Zonal wind (positive in a eastward direction).
6hrPlevPt
6hrPt
longitude latitude plev3 time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
eastward_wind
Eastward Wind
m s-1
Zonal wind (positive in a eastward direction).
6hrPlevPt
6hrPt
longitude latitude plev7h time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
eastward_wind
Eastward Near-Surface Wind
m s-1
Eastward component of the near-surface (usually, 10 meters) wind
6hrPlevPt
6hrPt
longitude latitude time1 height10m
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
northward_wind
Northward Wind
m s-1
Meridional wind (positive in a northward direction).
6hrPlevPt
6hrPt
longitude latitude plev3 time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
northward_wind
Northward Wind
m s-1
Meridional wind (positive in a northward direction).
6hrPlevPt
6hrPt
longitude latitude plev7h time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
northward_wind
Northward Near-Surface Wind
m s-1
Northward component of the near surface wind
6hrPlevPt
6hrPt
longitude latitude time1 height10m
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
atmosphere_relative_vorticity
Relative Vorticity
s-1
Mean vorticity over 850,700,600 hPa
6hrPlevPt
6hrPt
longitude latitude time1 pl700
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
wet_bulb_potential_temperature
Wet Bulb Potential Temperature
K
Wet bulb potential temperature
6hrPlevPt
6hrPt
longitude latitude plev7h time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
geopotential_height
Geopotential Height
m
Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy. Geopotential height is the geopotential divided by the standard acceleration due to gravity. It is numerically similar to the altitude (or geometric height) and not to the quantity with standard name height, which is relative to the surface.
6hrPlevPt
6hrPt
longitude latitude plev27 time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
geopotential_height
Geopotential Height at 500hPa
m
geopotential height on the 500 hPa surface
6hrPlevPt
6hrPt
longitude latitude time1 p500
aerosol
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
geopotential_height
Geopotential Height
m
Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy. Geopotential height is the geopotential divided by the standard acceleration due to gravity. It is numerically similar to the altitude (or geometric height) and not to the quantity with standard name height, which is relative to the surface.
6hrPlevPt
6hrPt
longitude latitude plev7h time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
atmosphere_optical_thickness_due_to_cloud
Cloud Optical Depth
1
The optical thickness is the integral along the path of radiation of a volume scattering/absorption/attenuation coefficient. The radiative flux is reduced by a factor exp(-optical_thickness) on traversing the path. A coordinate variable of radiation_wavelength or radiation_frequency can be specified to indicate that the optical thickness applies at specific wavelengths or frequencies. The atmosphere optical thickness applies to radiation passing through the entire atmosphere. 'Cloud' means the c
AERday
day
longitude latitude time
aerosol
area: time: mean
area: areacella
atmosphere_boundary_layer_thickness
Maximum PBL Height
m
maximum boundary layer height during the day (add cell_methods attribute: 'time: maximum')
AERday
day
longitude latitude time
aerosol
area: mean time: maximum
area: areacella
atmosphere_boundary_layer_thickness
Minimum PBL Height
m
minimum boundary layer height during the day (add cell_methods attribute: 'time: minimum')
AOD from the ambient aerosols (i.e., includes aerosol water). Does not include AOD from stratospheric aerosols if these are prescribed but includes other possible background aerosol types. Needs a comment attribute 'wavelength: 550nm'
AERday
day
longitude latitude time lambda550nm
aerosol
area: time: mean
area: areacella
mole_fraction_of_ozone_in_air
Daily Maximum O3 Volume Mixing Ratio in Lowest Model Layer
mol mol-1
Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y.
Mass fraction of atmospheric particulate compounds with an aerodynamic diameter of less than or equal to 2.5 micrometers. To specify the relative humidity and temperature at which the particle size applies, provide scalar coordinate variables with the standard names of 'relative_humidity' and 'air_temperature'.
Ambient Aerosol Absorption Optical Thickness at 550nm
1
Optical thickness of atmospheric aerosols at wavelength 550 nanometers.
AERmon
mon
longitude latitude time lambda550nm
aerosol
area: time: mean
area: areacella
atmosphere_mass_of_air_per_unit_area
Vertically Integrated Mass Content of Air in Layer
kg m-2
The mass of air in an atmospheric layer.
AERmon
mon
longitude latitude alevel time
aerosol
area: time: mean
area: areacella
tracer_lifetime
Northern Hemisphere Tracer Lifetime
yr
Fixed surface layer mixing ratio over 30o-50oN (0 ppbv), uniform fixed source (at all levels) everywhere else (source is unspecified but must be constant in space and time and documented). Note that the source could be 1yr/yr, so the tracer concentration provides mean age in years. For method using linearly increasing tracer include a method attribute: 'linearly increasing tracer'For method using uniform source (1yr/yr) include a method attribute: 'uniform source'
AERmon
mon
longitude latitude alevel time
aerosol
area: time: mean
area: areacella
atmosphere_boundary_layer_thickness
Boundary Layer Depth
m
Boundary layer depth
AERmon
mon
longitude latitude time
aerosol
area: time: mean
area: areacella
mole_fraction_of_ethyne_in_air
C2H2 Volume Mixing Ratio
mol mol-1
Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y.
AERmon
mon
longitude latitude alevel time
aerosol
area: time: mean
area: areacella
mole_fraction_of_ethane_in_air
C2H6 Volume Mixing Ratio
mol mol-1
Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y.
AERmon
mon
longitude latitude alevel time
aerosol
area: time: mean
area: areacella
mole_fraction_of_propene_in_air
C3H6 Volume Mixing Ratio
mol mol-1
Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y.
AERmon
mon
longitude latitude alevel time
aerosol
area: time: mean
area: areacella
mole_fraction_of_propane_in_air
C3H8 Volume Mixing Ratio
mol mol-1
Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y.
Cloud Droplet Number Concentration in liquid water clouds.
AERmon
mon
longitude latitude alevel time
aerosol
area: time: mean
area: areacella
mole_fraction_of_acetone_in_air
CH3COCH3 Volume Mixing Ratio
mol mol-1
Mole fraction is used in the construction 'mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y', where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'. Acetone is an organic molecule with the chemical formula CH3CH3CO. The IUPAC name for acetone is propan-2-one. Acetone is a member of the group of organic compounds known as ketones. There are standard names for the ketone group as well as for some of the i
AERmon
mon
longitude latitude alevel time
aerosol
area: time: mean
area: areacella
mole_fraction_of_methane_in_air
Mole Fraction of CH4
mol mol-1
Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y.
Chemical Production of Dry Aerosol Secondary Organic Matter
kg m-2 s-1
If model lumps secondary organic aerosol (SOA) emissions with primary organic aerosol (POA), then the sum of POA and SOA emissions is reported as OA emissions. Here, mass refers to the mass of primary organic matter, not mass of organic carbon alone.
AERmon
mon
longitude latitude time
aerosol
area: time: mean
area: areacella
convective_cloud_area_fraction
Convective Cloud Cover Percentage
%
Convective cloud area fraction (reported as a percentage) for the whole atmospheric column, as seen from the surface or the top of the atmosphere. Includes only convective cloud.
AERmon
mon
longitude latitude time
aerosol
area: time: mean
area: areacella
mole_fraction_of_carbon_monoxide_in_air
CO Volume Mixing Ratio
mol mol-1
Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y.
AERmon
mon
longitude latitude alevel time
aerosol
area: time: mean
area: areacella
mole_fraction_of_carbon_dioxide_in_air
Mole Fraction of CO2
mol mol-1
Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y.
AERmon
mon
longitude latitude alevel time
aerosol
area: time: mean
area: areacella
atmosphere_optical_thickness_due_to_cloud
Cloud Optical Depth
1
The optical thickness is the integral along the path of radiation of a volume scattering/absorption/attenuation coefficient. The radiative flux is reduced by a factor exp(-optical_thickness) on traversing the path. A coordinate variable of radiation_wavelength or radiation_frequency can be specified to indicate that the optical thickness applies at specific wavelengths or frequencies. The atmosphere optical thickness applies to radiation passing through the entire atmosphere. 'Cloud' means the c
AERmon
mon
longitude latitude time
aerosol
area: time: mean
area: areacella
mole_fraction_of_dimethyl_sulfide_in_air
Dimethyl Sulphide (DMS) Mole Fraction
mol mol-1
Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y.
NOy is the sum of all simulated oxidized nitrogen species out of NO, NO2, HNO3, HNO4, NO3 aerosol, NO3(radical), N2O5, PAN, other organic nitrates. Dry deposition includes gravitational settling and turbulent deposition.
Dry Deposition Rate of Dry Aerosol Total Organic Matter
kg m-2 s-1
Tendency of atmosphere mass content of organic dry aerosol due to dry deposition: This is the sum of dry deposition of primary organic aerosol (POA) and dry deposition of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Here, mass refers to the mass of organic matter, not mass of organic carbon alone. We recommend a scale factor of POM=1.4*OC, unless your model has more detailed info available. Was called dry_pom in old ACCMIP Excel table. Dry deposition includes gravitational settling and turbulent deposition.
Store flux as Nitrogen. Anthropogenic fraction. NOx=NO+NO2, Includes agricultural waste burning but no other biomass burning. Integrate 3D emission field vertically to 2d field.
Integrate 3D emission field vertically to 2d field._If_ fixed molecular weight of NMVOC is not available in model, please provide in units of kilomole m-2 s-1 (i.e. kg m-2 s-1 as if model NMVOC had molecular weight of 1) and add a comment to your file.
Primary Emission and Chemical Production of Dry Aerosol Organic Matter
kg m-2 s-1
This is the sum of total emission of primary organic aerosol (POA) and total production of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) (emipoa+chepsoa). Here, mass refers to the mass of organic matter, not mass of organic carbon alone. We recommend a scale factor of POM=1.4*OC, unless your model has more detailed info available. Integrate 3D chemical production and emission field vertically to 2d field.
Integrate 3D emission field vertically to 2d field. _If_ fixed molecular weight of NMVOC is not available in model, please provide in units of kilomole m-2 s-1 (i.e. kg m-2 s-1 as if model NMVOC had molecular weight of 1) and add a comment to your file.
AERmon
mon
longitude latitude time
aerosol
area: time: mean
area: areacella
mass_fraction_of_water_in_air
Mass Fraction of Water
1
includes all phases of water
AERmon
mon
longitude latitude alevel time
aerosol
area: time: mean
area: areacella
mole_fraction_of_formaldehyde_in_air
Formaldehyde Volume Mixing Ratio
mol mol-1
Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y.
AERmon
mon
longitude latitude alevel time
aerosol
area: time: mean
area: areacella
mole_fraction_of_hydrogen_chloride_in_air
HCl Volume Mixing Ratio
mol mol-1
Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. The chemical formula of hydrogen chloride is HCl.
AERmon
mon
longitude latitude alevel time
aerosol
area: time: mean
area: areacella
mole_fraction_of_nitric_acid_in_air
HNO3 Volume Mixing Ratio
mol mol-1
Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y.
Mass fraction is used in the construction mass_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. It means the ratio of the mass of X to the mass of Y (including X). 'Aerosol' means the system of suspended liquid or solid particles in air (except cloud droplets) and their carrier gas, the air itself. 'Ambient_aerosol' means that the aerosol is measured or modelled at the ambient state of pressure, temperature and relative humidity that exists in its immediate environment. 'Ambient aeros
Mass fraction in the atmosphere of secondary organic aerosols (particulate organic matter formed within the atmosphere from gaseous precursors; dry mass).
Mass fraction in the atmosphere of sea salt aerosol (dry mass).
AERmon
mon
longitude latitude alevel time
aerosol
area: time: mean
area: areacella
mole_fraction_of_nitrous_oxide_in_air
Mole Fraction of N2O
mol mol-1
Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. The chemical formula of nitrous oxide is N2O.
ONLY provide the sum of all the HO2/RO2 + NO reactions (as k*[HO2]*[NO])
AERmon
mon
longitude latitude alevel time
aerosol
area: time: mean
area: areacella
mole_fraction_of_ozone_in_air
Stratospheric Ozone Tracer Volume Mixing Ratio
mol mol-1
Ozone tracer intended to map out strat-trop exchange (STE) of ozone. Set to ozone in the stratosphere, then destroyed in the troposphere using the ozone chemical loss rate. Please specify the tropopause definition used
AOD from the ambient aerosols (i.e., includes aerosol water). Does not include AOD from stratospheric aerosols if these are prescribed but includes other possible background aerosol types. Needs a comment attribute 'wavelength: 440nm'
AOD from the ambient aerosols (i.e., includes aerosol water). Does not include AOD from stratospheric aerosols if these are prescribed but includes other possible background aerosol types. Needs a comment attribute 'wavelength: 550nm'
AOD from the ambient aerosols in clear skies if od550aer is for all-sky (i.e., includes aerosol water). Does not include AOD from stratospheric aerosols if these are prescribed but includes other possible background aerosol types. Needs a comment attribute 'wavelength: 550nm'
od550 due to particles with wet diameter less than 1 um (ambient here means wetted). When models do not include explicit size information, it can be assumed that all anthropogenic aerosols and natural secondary aerosols have diameter less than 1 um.
AOD from the ambient aerosols (i.e., includes aerosol water). Does not include AOD from stratospheric aerosols if these are prescribed but includes other possible background aerosol types. Needs a comment attribute 'wavelength: 870nm'
AERmon
mon
longitude latitude time
aerosol
area: time: mean
area: areacella
mole_fraction_of_hydroxyl_radical_in_air
OH Volume Mixing Ratio
mol mol-1
Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y.
AERmon
mon
longitude latitude alevel time
aerosol
area: time: mean
area: areacella
mole_fraction_of_peroxyacetyl_nitrate_in_air
PAN Volume Mixing Ratio
mol mol-1
Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y.
AERmon
mon
longitude latitude alevel time
aerosol
area: time: mean
area: areacella
air_pressure
Pressure at Model Full-Levels
Pa
Air pressure on model levels
AERmon
mon
longitude latitude alevel time
aerosol
area: time: mean
area: areacella
air_pressure
Pressure on Model Half-Levels
Pa
Air pressure on model half-levels
AERmon
mon
longitude latitude alevhalf time
aerosol
area: time: mean
area: areacella
photolysis_rate_of_ozone_to_1D_oxygen_atom
Photolysis Rate of Ozone (O3) to Excited Atomic Oxygen (the Singlet D State, O1D)
Accumulated stomatal ozone flux over the threshold of 0 mol m-2 s-1; Computation: Time Integral of (hourly above canopy ozone concentration * stomatal conductance * Rc/(Rb+Rc) )
AERmon
mon
longitude latitude time
aerosol
area: mean time: sum
area: areacella
surface_air_pressure
Surface Air Pressure
Pa
surface pressure (not mean sea-level pressure), 2-D field to calculate the 3-D pressure field from hybrid coordinates
AERmon
mon
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
tropopause_air_pressure
Tropopause Air Pressure
Pa
2D monthly mean thermal tropopause calculated using WMO tropopause definition on 3d temperature
Droplets are liquid only. This is the effective radius as seen from space over liquid cloudy portion of grid cell. This is the value from uppermost model layer with liquid cloud or, if available, or for some models it is the sum over all liquid cloud tops, no matter where they occur, as long as they are seen from the top of the atmosphere (TOA) each time sample when computing monthly mean. Reported values are weighted by total liquid cloud top fraction of (as seen from TOA) each time sample when
AERmon
mon
longitude latitude time
aerosol
area: time: mean
area: areacella
toa_outgoing_longwave_flux
TOA Outgoing Aerosol-Free Longwave Radiation
W m-2
Flux corresponding to rlut resulting from aerosol- free call to radiation, following Ghan (ACP, 2013)
AERmon
mon
longitude latitude time
aerosol
up
area: time: mean
area: areacella
toa_outgoing_longwave_flux_assuming_clear_sky
TOA Outgoing Clear-Sky, Aerosol-Free Longwave Radiation
W m-2
Flux corresponding to rlutcs resulting from aerosol- free call to radiation, following Ghan (ACP, 2013)
AERmon
mon
longitude latitude time
aerosol
up
area: time: mean
area: areacella
toa_outgoing_shortwave_flux
TOA Outgoing Aerosol-Free Shortwave Radiation
W m-2
Flux corresponding to rsut resulting from aerosol- free call to radiation, following Ghan (ACP, 2013)
Tropospheric ozone column, should be consistent with definition of tropopause used to calculate the pressure of the tropopause (ptp). Calculated at 0 degrees C and 1 bar, such that 1m = 1e5 DU.
AERmon
mon
longitude latitude time
aerosol
area: time: mean
area: areacella
air_temperature_at_cloud_top
Air Temperature at Cloud Top
K
cloud_top refers to the top of the highest cloud. Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature.
AERmon
mon
longitude latitude time
aerosol
area: time: mean
area: areacella
eastward_wind
Eastward Wind
m s-1
Zonal wind (positive in a eastward direction).
AERmon
mon
longitude latitude alevel time
aerosol
area: time: mean
area: areacella
northward_wind
Northward Wind
m s-1
Meridional wind (positive in a northward direction).
AERmon
mon
longitude latitude alevel time
aerosol
area: time: mean
area: areacella
upward_air_velocity
Upward Air Velocity
m s-1
A velocity is a vector quantity. 'Upward' indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). Upward air velocity is the vertical component of the 3D air velocity vector. The standard name downward_air_velocity may be used for a vector component with the opposite sign convention.
Deposition rate of sea salt aerosols (measured by the dry mass) due to wet processes
AERmon
mon
longitude latitude time
aerosol
area: time: mean
area: areacella
geopotential_height
Geopotential Height
m
Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy. Geopotential height is the geopotential divided by the standard acceleration due to gravity. It is numerically similar to the altitude (or geometric height) and not to the quantity with standard name height, which is relative to the surface.
AERmon
mon
longitude latitude alevel time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
tropopause_altitude
Tropopause Altitude Above Geoid
m
2D monthly mean thermal tropopause calculated using WMO tropopause definition on 3d temperature
AERmon
mon
longitude latitude time
aerosol
area: time: mean
area: areacella
mole_fraction_of_inorganic_bromine_in_air
Total Inorganic Bromine Volume Mixing Ratio
mol mol-1
Total family (the sum of all appropriate species in the model) ; list the species in the netCDF header, e.g. Bry = Br + BrO + HOBr + HBr + BrONO2 + BrCl Definition: Total inorganic bromine (e.g., HBr and inorganic bromine oxides and radicals (e.g., BrO, atomic bromine (Br), bromine nitrate (BrONO2)) resulting from degradation of bromine-containing organic source gases (halons, methyl bromide, VSLS), and natural inorganic bromine sources (e.g., volcanoes, sea salt, and other aerosols) add comment
AERmonZ
mon
latitude plev39 time
aerosol
longitude: mean time: mean
mole_fraction_of_methane_in_air
Mole Fraction of CH4
mol mol-1
Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y.
AERmonZ
mon
latitude plev39 time
aerosol
longitude: mean time: mean
mole_fraction_of_inorganic_chlorine_in_air
Total Inorganic Chlorine Volume Mixing Ratio
mol mol-1
Total family (the sum of all appropriate species in the model) ; list the species in the netCDF header, e.g. Cly = HCl + ClONO2 + HOCl + ClO + Cl + 2*Cl2O2 +2Cl2 + OClO + BrCl Definition: Total inorganic stratospheric chlorine (e.g., HCl, ClO) resulting from degradation of chlorine-containing source gases (CFCs, HCFCs, VSLS), and natural inorganic chlorine sources (e.g., sea salt and other aerosols) add comment attribute with detailed description about how the model calculates these fields
AERmonZ
mon
latitude plev39 time
aerosol
longitude: mean time: mean
mass_fraction_of_water_in_air
Mass Fraction of Water
1
includes all phases of water
AERmonZ
mon
latitude plev39 time
aerosol
longitude: mean time: mean
mole_fraction_of_hydrogen_chloride_in_air
HCl Volume Mixing Ratio
mol mol-1
Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. The chemical formula of hydrogen chloride is HCl.
AERmonZ
mon
latitude plev39 time
aerosol
longitude: mean time: mean
mole_fraction_of_nitric_acid_in_air
HNO3 Volume Mixing Ratio
mol mol-1
Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y.
AERmonZ
mon
latitude plev39 time
aerosol
longitude: mean time: mean
mole_fraction_of_hydroperoxyl_radical_in_air
HO2 Volume Mixing Ratio
mol mol-1
Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. The chemical formula of hydroperoxyl radical is HO2.
AERmonZ
mon
latitude plev39 time
aerosol
longitude: mean time: mean
age_of_stratospheric_air
Mean Age of Stratospheric Air
yr
The mean age of air is defined as the mean time that a stratospheric air mass has been out of contact with the well-mixed troposphere.
AERmonZ
mon
latitude plev39 time
aerosol
longitude: mean time: mean
mole_fraction_of_nitrous_oxide_in_air
Mole Fraction of N2O
mol mol-1
Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. The chemical formula of nitrous oxide is N2O.
AERmonZ
mon
latitude plev39 time
aerosol
longitude: mean time: mean
mole_fraction_of_noy_expressed_as_nitrogen_in_air
Total Reactive Nitrogen Volume Mixing Ratio
mol mol-1
Total family (the sum of all appropriate species in the model); list the species in the netCDF header, e.g. NOy = N + NO + NO2 + NO3 + HNO3 + 2N2O5 + HNO4 + ClONO2 + BrONO2 Definition: Total reactive nitrogen; usually includes atomic nitrogen (N), nitric oxide (NO), NO2, nitrogen trioxide (NO3), dinitrogen radical (N2O5), nitric acid (HNO3), peroxynitric acid (HNO4), BrONO2, ClONO2 add comment attribute with detailed description about how the model calculates these fields
AERmonZ
mon
latitude plev39 time
aerosol
longitude: mean time: mean
mole_fraction_of_ozone_in_air
Mole Fraction of O3
mol mol-1
Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y.
AERmonZ
mon
latitude plev39 time
aerosol
longitude: mean time: mean
mole_fraction_of_hydroxyl_radical_in_air
OH Volume Mixing Ratio
mol mol-1
Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y.
AERmonZ
mon
latitude plev39 time
aerosol
longitude: mean time: mean
air_temperature
Air Temperature
K
Air Temperature
AERmonZ
mon
latitude plev39 time
aerosol
longitude: mean time: mean
eastward_wind
Eastward Wind
m s-1
Zonal wind (positive in a eastward direction).
AERmonZ
mon
latitude plev39 time
aerosol
longitude: mean time: mean
northward_wind
Northward Wind
m s-1
Meridional wind (positive in a northward direction).
Zonally averaged eddy temperature flux at 100hPa as monthly means derived from daily (or higher frequency) fields.
AERmonZ
mon
latitude time p100
aerosol
longitude: mean time: mean
geopotential_height
Geopotential Height
m
Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy. Geopotential height is the geopotential divided by the standard acceleration due to gravity. It is numerically similar to the altitude (or geometric height) and not to the quantity with standard name height, which is relative to the surface.
AERmonZ
mon
latitude plev39 time
atmos
longitude: mean time: mean
air_pressure_at_convective_cloud_base
Air Pressure at Convective Cloud Base
Pa
Where convective cloud is present in the grid cell, the instantaneous cloud base altitude should be that of the bottom of the lowest level containing convective cloud. Missing data should be reported in the absence of convective cloud. The time mean should be calculated from these quantities averaging over occasions when convective cloud is present only, and should contain missing data for occasions when no convective cloud is present during the meaning period.
Amon
mon
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
air_pressure_at_convective_cloud_top
Air Pressure at Convective Cloud Top
Pa
Where convective cloud is present in the grid cell, the instantaneous cloud top altitude should be that of the top of the highest level containing convective cloud. Missing data should be reported in the absence of convective cloud. The time mean should be calculated from these quantities averaging over occasions when convective cloud is present only, and should contain missing data for occasions when no convective cloud is present during the meaning period.
Amon
mon
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
mole_fraction_of_cfc113_in_air
Global Mean Mole Fraction of CFC113
1.00E-12
Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. The chemical formula of CFC113 is CCl2FCClF2. The IUPAC name for CFC113 is 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoro-ethane.
Amon
mon
time
atmos atmosChem
area: time: mean
mole_fraction_of_cfc11_in_air
Global Mean Mole Fraction of CFC11
1.00E-12
Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. The chemical formula of CFC11 is CFCl3. The IUPAC name for CFC11 is trichloro- fluoro-methane.
Amon
mon
time
atmos atmosChem
area: time: mean
mole_fraction_of_cfc12_in_air
Global Mean Mole Fraction of CFC12
1.00E-12
Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. The chemical formula of CFC12 is CF2Cl2. The IUPAC name for CFC12 is dichloro- difluoro-methane.
Amon
mon
time
atmos atmosChem
area: time: mean
mole_fraction_of_methane_in_air
Mole Fraction of CH4
mol mol-1
Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y.
Amon
mon
longitude latitude plev19 time
atmos atmosChem
time: mean
area: areacella
mole_fraction_of_methane_in_air
Mole Fraction of CH4
mol mol-1
Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y.
Amon
monC
longitude latitude plev19 time2
atmos atmosChem
area: mean time: mean within years time: mean over years
area: areacella
mole_fraction_of_methane_in_air
Global Mean Mole Fraction of CH4
1.00E-09
Global Mean Mole Fraction of CH4
Amon
mon
time
atmos atmosChem
area: time: mean
mole_fraction_of_methane_in_air
Global Mean Mole Fraction of CH4
1.00E-09
Global Mean Mole Fraction of CH4
Amon
monC
time2
atmos atmosChem
area: mean time: mean within years time: mean over years
convection_time_fraction
Fraction of Time Convection Occurs in Cell
1
Fraction of time that convection occurs in the grid cell.
Amon
mon
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer
Percentage Cloud Cover
%
Percentage cloud cover, including both large-scale and convective cloud.
Amon
mon
longitude latitude alevel time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
mass_fraction_of_cloud_ice_in_air
Mass Fraction of Cloud Ice
kg kg-1
Includes both large-scale and convective cloud. This is calculated as the mass of cloud ice in the grid cell divided by the mass of air (including the water in all phases) in the grid cell. It includes precipitating hydrometeors ONLY if the precipitating hydrometeors affect the calculation of radiative transfer in model.
Amon
mon
longitude latitude alevel time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
atmosphere_mass_content_of_cloud_ice
Ice Water Path
kg m-2
mass of ice water in the column divided by the area of the column (not just the area of the cloudy portion of the column). Includes precipitating frozen hydrometeors ONLY if the precipitating hydrometeor affects the calculation of radiative transfer in model.
Amon
mon
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
cloud_area_fraction
Total Cloud Cover Percentage
%
Total cloud area fraction (reported as a percentage) for the whole atmospheric column, as seen from the surface or the top of the atmosphere. Includes both large-scale and convective cloud.
Amon
mon
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
mass_fraction_of_cloud_liquid_water_in_air
Mass Fraction of Cloud Liquid Water
kg kg-1
Includes both large-scale and convective cloud. Calculate as the mass of cloud liquid water in the grid cell divided by the mass of air (including the water in all phases) in the grid cells. Precipitating hydrometeors are included ONLY if the precipitating hydrometeors affect the calculation of radiative transfer in model.
Amon
mon
longitude latitude alevel time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
atmosphere_mass_content_of_cloud_condensed_water
Condensed Water Path
kg m-2
Mass of condensed (liquid + ice) water in the column divided by the area of the column (not just the area of the cloudy portion of the column). Includes precipitating hydrometeors ONLY if the precipitating hydrometeors affect the calculation of radiative transfer in model.
Amon
mon
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
mole_fraction_of_carbon_dioxide_in_air
Mole Fraction of CO2
mol mol-1
Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y.
Amon
mon
longitude latitude plev19 time
atmos
time: mean
area: areacella
mole_fraction_of_carbon_dioxide_in_air
Mole Fraction of CO2
mol mol-1
Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y.
Amon
monC
longitude latitude plev19 time2
atmos
area: mean time: mean within years time: mean over years
area: areacella
atmosphere_mass_of_carbon_dioxide
Total Atmospheric Mass of CO2
kg
Total atmospheric mass of Carbon Dioxide
Amon
mon
time
atmos
area: time: mean
atmosphere_mass_of_carbon_dioxide
Total Atmospheric Mass of CO2
kg
Total atmospheric mass of Carbon Dioxide
Amon
monC
time2
atmos
area: mean time: mean within years time: mean over years
water_evapotranspiration_flux
Evaporation Including Sublimation and Transpiration
kg m-2 s-1
Evaporation at surface (also known as evapotranspiration): flux of water into the atmosphere due to conversion of both liquid and solid phases to vapor (from underlying surface and vegetation)
Carbon Mass Flux into Atmosphere Due to All Anthropogenic Emissions of CO2 [kgC m-2 s-1]
kg m-2 s-1
This is requested only for the emission-driven coupled carbon climate model runs. Does not include natural fire sources but, includes all anthropogenic sources, including fossil fuel use, cement production, agricultural burning, and sources associated with anthropogenic land use change excluding forest regrowth.
Carbon Mass Flux into Atmosphere Due to Fossil Fuel Emissions of CO2 [kgC m-2 s-1]
kg m-2 s-1
This is the prescribed anthropogenic CO2 flux from fossil fuel use, including cement production, and flaring (but not from land-use changes, agricultural burning, forest regrowth, etc.)
Surface Carbon Mass Flux into the Atmosphere Due to Natural Sources [kgC m-2 s-1]
kg m-2 s-1
This is what the atmosphere sees (on its own grid). This field should be equivalent to the combined natural fluxes of carbon that account for natural exchanges between the atmosphere and land (nep) or ocean (fgco2) reservoirs.
Amon
mon
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
mole_fraction_of_hcfc22_in_air
Global Mean Mole Fraction of HCFC22
1.00E-12
Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'. The chemical formula for HCFC22 is CHClF2. The IUPAC name for HCFC22 is chloro-difluoro-methane.
Amon
mon
time
atmos atmosChem
area: time: mean
surface_upward_latent_heat_flux
Surface Upward Latent Heat Flux
W m-2
The surface called 'surface' means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. 'Upward' indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface latent heat flux is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air on account of evaporation (including sublimation). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics.
Amon
mon
longitude latitude time
atmos
up
area: time: mean
area: areacella
surface_upward_sensible_heat_flux
Surface Upward Sensible Heat Flux
W m-2
The surface sensible heat flux, also called turbulent heat flux, is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air by motion of air.
Amon
mon
longitude latitude time
atmos
up
area: time: mean
area: areacella
relative_humidity
Relative Humidity
%
The relative humidity with respect to liquid water for T> 0 C, and with respect to ice for T
Amon
mon
longitude latitude plev19 time
atmos
time: mean
area: areacella
relative_humidity
Near-Surface Relative Humidity
%
The relative humidity with respect to liquid water for T> 0 C, and with respect to ice for T
Amon
mon
longitude latitude time height2m
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
specific_humidity
Specific Humidity
1
Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.
Amon
mon
longitude latitude plev19 time
atmos
time: mean
area: areacella
specific_humidity
Near-Surface Specific Humidity
1
Near-surface (usually, 2 meter) specific humidity.
Amon
mon
longitude latitude time height2m
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
atmosphere_net_upward_convective_mass_flux
Convective Mass Flux
kg m-2 s-1
The net mass flux should represent the difference between the updraft and downdraft components. The flux is computed as the mass divided by the area of the grid cell.
Amon
mon
longitude latitude alevhalf time
atmos
up
area: time: mean
area: areacella
mole_fraction_of_nitrous_oxide_in_air
Mole Fraction of N2O
mol mol-1
Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. The chemical formula of nitrous oxide is N2O.
Amon
mon
longitude latitude plev19 time
atmos atmosChem
time: mean
area: areacella
mole_fraction_of_nitrous_oxide_in_air
Mole Fraction of N2O
mol mol-1
Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. The chemical formula of nitrous oxide is N2O.
Amon
monC
longitude latitude plev19 time2
atmos atmosChem
area: mean time: mean within years time: mean over years
area: areacella
mole_fraction_of_nitrous_oxide_in_air
Global Mean Mole Fraction of N2O
1.00E-09
Global mean Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Amon
mon
time
atmos atmosChem
area: time: mean
mole_fraction_of_nitrous_oxide_in_air
Global Mean Mole Fraction of N2O
1.00E-09
Global mean Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Amon
monC
time2
atmos atmosChem
area: mean time: mean within years time: mean over years
mole_fraction_of_ozone_in_air
Mole Fraction of O3
mol mol-1
Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y.
Amon
mon
longitude latitude plev19 time
atmos atmosChem
time: mean
area: areacella
mole_fraction_of_ozone_in_air
Mole Fraction of O3
mol mol-1
Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y.
Amon
monC
longitude latitude plev19 time2
atmos atmosChem
area: mean time: mean within years time: mean over years
area: areacella
air_pressure
Pressure at Model Full-Levels
Pa
Air pressure on model levels
Amon
monC
longitude latitude alevel time2
atmos
area: mean time: mean within years time: mean over years
area: areacella
air_pressure
Pressure on Model Half-Levels
Pa
Air pressure on model half-levels
Amon
monC
longitude latitude alevhalf time2
atmos
area: mean time: mean within years time: mean over years
area: areacella
precipitation_flux
Precipitation
kg m-2 s-1
includes both liquid and solid phases
Amon
mon
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
convective_precipitation_flux
Convective Precipitation
kg m-2 s-1
Convective precipitation at surface; includes both liquid and solid phases.
Amon
mon
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
snowfall_flux
Snowfall Flux
kg m-2 s-1
At surface; includes precipitation of all forms of water in the solid phase
Amon
mon
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
atmosphere_mass_content_of_water_vapor
Water Vapor Path
kg m-2
vertically integrated through the atmospheric column
Amon
mon
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
surface_air_pressure
Surface Air Pressure
Pa
surface pressure (not mean sea-level pressure), 2-D field to calculate the 3-D pressure field from hybrid coordinates
Amon
mon
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
air_pressure_at_mean_sea_level
Sea Level Pressure
Pa
Sea Level Pressure
Amon
mon
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air
Surface Downwelling Longwave Radiation
W m-2
The surface called 'surface' means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. 'longwave' means longwave radiation. Downwelling radiation is radiation from above. It does not mean 'net downward'. When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called 'irradiance'. In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called 'vector irradiance'. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per
The surface called 'surface' means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. 'longwave' means longwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean 'net upward'. When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called 'irradiance'. In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called 'vector irradiance'. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit
Amon
mon
longitude latitude time
atmos
up
area: time: mean
area: areacella
toa_outgoing_longwave_flux
TOA Outgoing Longwave Radiation
W m-2
at the top of the atmosphere (to be compared with satellite measurements)
Amon
mon
longitude latitude time
atmos
up
area: time: mean
area: areacella
toa_outgoing_longwave_flux_assuming_clear_sky
TOA Outgoing Clear-Sky Longwave Radiation
W m-2
Upwelling clear-sky longwave radiation at top of atmosphere
Surface solar irradiance clear sky for UV calculations
Amon
mon
longitude latitude time
atmos
down
area: time: mean
area: areacella
toa_incoming_shortwave_flux
TOA Incident Shortwave Radiation
W m-2
Shortwave radiation incident at the top of the atmosphere
Amon
mon
longitude latitude time
atmos
down
area: time: mean
area: areacella
surface_upwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air
Surface Upwelling Shortwave Radiation
W m-2
The surface called 'surface' means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. 'shortwave' means shortwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean 'net upward'. When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called 'irradiance'. In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called 'vector irradiance'. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per un
Net Downward Radiative Flux at Top of Model : I.e., at the top of that portion of the atmosphere where dynamics are explicitly treated by the model. This is reported only if it differs from the net downward radiative flux at the top of the atmosphere.
The snow and ice sublimation flux is the loss of snow and ice mass per unit area from the surface resulting from their direct conversion to water vapor that enters the atmosphere.
Amon
mon
longitude latitude time
landIce
area: time: mean
area: areacella
shallow_convection_time_fraction
Fraction of Time Shallow Convection Occurs
1
Fraction of time that shallow convection occurs in the grid cell.
Amon
mon
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
wind_speed
Near-Surface Wind Speed
m s-1
near-surface (usually, 10 meters) wind speed.
Amon
mon
longitude latitude time height10m
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
air_temperature
Air Temperature
K
Air Temperature
Amon
mon
longitude latitude plev19 time
atmos
time: mean
area: areacella
air_temperature
Near-Surface Air Temperature
K
near-surface (usually, 2 meter) air temperature
Amon
mon
longitude latitude time height2m
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
air_temperature
Daily Maximum Near-Surface Air Temperature
K
maximum near-surface (usually, 2 meter) air temperature (add cell_method attribute 'time: max')
Amon
mon
longitude latitude time height2m
atmos
area: mean time: maximum within days time: mean over days
area: areacella
air_temperature
Daily Minimum Near-Surface Air Temperature
K
minimum near-surface (usually, 2 meter) air temperature (add cell_method attribute 'time: min')
Amon
mon
longitude latitude time height2m
atmos
area: mean time: minimum within days time: mean over days
area: areacella
surface_downward_eastward_stress
Surface Downward Eastward Wind Stress
Pa
Downward eastward wind stress at the surface
Amon
mon
longitude latitude time
atmos
down
area: time: mean
area: areacella
surface_downward_northward_stress
Surface Downward Northward Wind Stress
Pa
Downward northward wind stress at the surface
Amon
mon
longitude latitude time
atmos
down
area: time: mean
area: areacella
surface_temperature
Surface Temperature
K
Temperature of the lower boundary of the atmosphere
Amon
mon
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
eastward_wind
Eastward Wind
m s-1
Zonal wind (positive in a eastward direction).
Amon
mon
longitude latitude plev19 time
atmos
time: mean
area: areacella
eastward_wind
Eastward Near-Surface Wind
m s-1
Eastward component of the near-surface (usually, 10 meters) wind
Amon
mon
longitude latitude time height10m
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
northward_wind
Northward Wind
m s-1
Meridional wind (positive in a northward direction).
Amon
mon
longitude latitude plev19 time
atmos
time: mean
area: areacella
northward_wind
Northward Near-Surface Wind
m s-1
Northward component of the near surface wind
Amon
mon
longitude latitude time height10m
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
lagrangian_tendency_of_air_pressure
Omega (=dp/dt)
Pa s-1
Omega (vertical velocity in pressure coordinates, positive downwards)
Amon
mon
longitude latitude plev19 time
atmos
time: mean
area: areacella
geopotential_height
Geopotential Height
m
Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy. Geopotential height is the geopotential divided by the standard acceleration due to gravity. It is numerically similar to the altitude (or geometric height) and not to the quantity with standard name height, which is relative to the surface.
Amon
mon
longitude latitude plev19 time
atmos
time: mean
area: areacella
convection_time_fraction
Fraction of Time Convection Occurs in Cell
1
Fraction of time that convection occurs in the grid cell.
Calculated as the mass of convective cloud ice in the grid cell divided by the mass of air (including the water in all phases) in the grid cell. This includes precipitating hydrometeors ONLY if the precipitating hydrometeors affect the calculation of radiative transfer in model.
CF3hr
3hrPt
longitude latitude alevel time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
mass_fraction_of_stratiform_cloud_ice_in_air
Mass Fraction of Stratiform Cloud Ice
1
Calculated as the mass of stratiform cloud ice in the grid cell divided by the mass of air (including the water in all phases) in the grid cell. This includes precipitating hydrometeors ONLY if the precipitating hydrometeors affect the calculation of radiative transfer in model.
CF3hr
3hrPt
longitude latitude alevel time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
atmosphere_mass_content_of_cloud_ice
Ice Water Path
kg m-2
mass of ice water in the column divided by the area of the column (not just the area of the cloudy portion of the column). Includes precipitating frozen hydrometeors ONLY if the precipitating hydrometeor affects the calculation of radiative transfer in model.
Cloud area fraction (reported as a percentage) for the whole atmospheric column due to stratiform clouds, as seen from the surface or the top of the atmosphere. Includes both large-scale and convective cloud.
CF3hr
3hrPt
longitude latitude alevel time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
cloud_area_fraction
Total Cloud Cover Percentage
%
Total cloud area fraction (reported as a percentage) for the whole atmospheric column, as seen from the surface or the top of the atmosphere. Includes both large-scale and convective cloud.
CF3hr
3hrPt
longitude latitude time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
convective_cloud_area_fraction
Convective Cloud Cover Percentage
%
Convective cloud area fraction (reported as a percentage) for the whole atmospheric column, as seen from the surface or the top of the atmosphere. Includes only convective cloud.
Calculated as the mass of convective cloud liquid water in the grid cell divided by the mass of air (including the water in all phases) in the grid cell. This includes precipitating hydrometeors ONLY if the precipitating hydrometeors affect the calculation of radiative transfer in model.
Calculated as the mass of stratiform cloud liquid water in the grid cell divided by the mass of air (including the water in all phases) in the grid cell. This includes precipitating hydrometeors ONLY if the precipitating hydrometeors affect the calculation of radiative transfer in model.
CF3hr
3hrPt
longitude latitude alevel time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
atmosphere_mass_content_of_cloud_condensed_water
Condensed Water Path
kg m-2
Mass of condensed (liquid + ice) water in the column divided by the area of the column (not just the area of the cloudy portion of the column). Includes precipitating hydrometeors ONLY if the precipitating hydrometeors affect the calculation of radiative transfer in model.
CF3hr
3hrPt
longitude latitude time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
convective_cloud_longwave_emissivity
Convective Cloud Emissivity
1
This is the in-cloud emissivity obtained by considering only the cloudy portion of the grid cell.
CF3hr
3hrPt
longitude latitude alevel time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
stratiform_cloud_longwave_emissivity
Stratiform Cloud Emissivity
1
This is the in-cloud emissivity obtained by considering only the cloudy portion of the grid cell.
This is the in-cloud optical depth obtained by considering only the cloudy portion of the grid cell.
CF3hr
3hrPt
longitude latitude alevel time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
water_evapotranspiration_flux
Evaporation Including Sublimation and Transpiration
kg m-2 s-1
Evaporation at surface (also known as evapotranspiration): flux of water into the atmosphere due to conversion of both liquid and solid phases to vapor (from underlying surface and vegetation)
CF3hr
3hrPt
longitude latitude time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
stratiform_graupel_flux
Stratiform Graupel Flux
kg m-2 s-1
In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics. Stratiform precipitation, whether liquid or frozen, is precipitation that formed in stratiform cloud. Graupel consists of heavily rimed snow particles, often called snow pellets; often indistinguishable from very small soft hail except when the size convention that hail must have a diameter greater than 5 mm is adopted. Reference: American Meteorological Society Glossary ht
CF3hr
3hrPt
longitude latitude alevhalf time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
mass_fraction_of_water_in_air
Mass Fraction of Water
1
includes all phases of water
CF3hr
3hrPt
longitude latitude alevel time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
surface_upward_latent_heat_flux
Surface Upward Latent Heat Flux
W m-2
The surface called 'surface' means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. 'Upward' indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface latent heat flux is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air on account of evaporation (including sublimation). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics.
CF3hr
3hrPt
longitude latitude time1
atmos
up
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
surface_upward_sensible_heat_flux
Surface Upward Sensible Heat Flux
W m-2
The surface sensible heat flux, also called turbulent heat flux, is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air by motion of air.
CF3hr
3hrPt
longitude latitude time1
atmos
up
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
relative_humidity
Near-Surface Relative Humidity
%
The relative humidity with respect to liquid water for T> 0 C, and with respect to ice for T
CF3hr
3hrPt
longitude latitude time1 height2m
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
air_pressure
Pressure at Model Full-Levels
Pa
Air pressure on model levels
CF3hr
3hrPt
longitude latitude alevel time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
air_pressure
Pressure on Model Half-Levels
Pa
Air pressure on model half-levels
CF3hr
3hrPt
longitude latitude alevhalf time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
precipitation_flux
Precipitation
kg m-2 s-1
includes both liquid and solid phases
CF3hr
3hrPt
longitude latitude time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
convective_precipitation_flux
Convective Precipitation
kg m-2 s-1
Convective precipitation at surface; includes both liquid and solid phases.
CF3hr
3hrPt
longitude latitude time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
convective_rainfall_flux
Convective Rainfall Flux
kg m-2 s-1
In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics.
CF3hr
3hrPt
longitude latitude alevhalf time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
stratiform_snowfall_flux
Stratiform Snowfall Flux
kg m-2 s-1
large-scale precipitation of all forms of water in the solid phase.
CF3hr
3hrPt
longitude latitude alevhalf time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
stratiform_rainfall_flux
Stratiform Rainfall Flux
kg m-2 s-1
In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics. Stratiform precipitation, whether liquid or frozen, is precipitation that formed in stratiform cloud.
CF3hr
3hrPt
longitude latitude alevhalf time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
snowfall_flux
Snowfall Flux
kg m-2 s-1
At surface; includes precipitation of all forms of water in the solid phase
CF3hr
3hrPt
longitude latitude time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
convective_snowfall_flux
Convective Snowfall Flux
kg m-2 s-1
convective precipitation of all forms of water in the solid phase.
CF3hr
3hrPt
longitude latitude alevhalf time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
atmosphere_mass_content_of_water_vapor
Water Vapor Path
kg m-2
vertically integrated through the atmospheric column
CF3hr
3hrPt
longitude latitude time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
surface_air_pressure
Surface Air Pressure
Pa
surface pressure (not mean sea-level pressure), 2-D field to calculate the 3-D pressure field from hybrid coordinates
Hydrometeor Effective Radius of Convective Cloud Ice
m
This is defined as the in-cloud ratio of the third moment over the second moment of the particle size distribution (obtained by considering only the cloudy portion of the grid cell).
Hydrometeor Effective Radius of Stratiform Cloud Ice
m
This is defined as the in-cloud ratio of the third moment over the second moment of the particle size distribution (obtained by considering only the cloudy portion of the grid cell).
Droplets are liquid. The effective radius is defined as the ratio of the third moment over the second moment of the particle size distribution and the time-mean should be calculated, weighting the individual samples by the cloudy fraction of the grid cell.
Droplets are liquid. The effective radius is defined as the ratio of the third moment over the second moment of the particle size distribution and the time-mean should be calculated, weighting the individual samples by the cloudy fraction of the grid cell.
Hydrometeor Effective Radius of Stratiform Graupel
m
This is defined as the in-cloud ratio of the third moment over the second moment of the particle size distribution (obtained by considering only the cloudy portion of the grid cell).
Hydrometeor Effective Radius of Convective Rainfall
m
This is defined as the in-cloud ratio of the third moment over the second moment of the particle size distribution (obtained by considering only the cloudy portion of the grid cell).
Hydrometeor Effective Radius of Stratiform Rainfall
m
This is defined as the in-cloud ratio of the third moment over the second moment of the particle size distribution (obtained by considering only the cloudy portion of the grid cell).
Hydrometeor Effective Radius of Convective Snowfall
m
This is defined as the in-cloud ratio of the third moment over the second moment of the particle size distribution (obtained by considering only the cloudy portion of the grid cell).
Hydrometeor Effective Radius of Stratiform Snowfall
m
This is defined as the in-cloud ratio of the third moment over the second moment of the particle size distribution (obtained by considering only the cloudy portion of the grid cell).
CF3hr
3hrPt
longitude latitude alevel time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air
Surface Downwelling Longwave Radiation
W m-2
The surface called 'surface' means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. 'longwave' means longwave radiation. Downwelling radiation is radiation from above. It does not mean 'net downward'. When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called 'irradiance'. In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called 'vector irradiance'. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per
The surface called 'surface' means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. 'longwave' means longwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean 'net upward'. When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called 'irradiance'. In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called 'vector irradiance'. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit
CF3hr
3hrPt
longitude latitude time1
atmos
up
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
toa_outgoing_longwave_flux
TOA Outgoing Longwave Radiation
W m-2
at the top of the atmosphere (to be compared with satellite measurements)
CF3hr
3hrPt
longitude latitude time1
atmos
up
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
toa_outgoing_longwave_flux_assuming_clear_sky
TOA Outgoing Clear-Sky Longwave Radiation
W m-2
Upwelling clear-sky longwave radiation at top of atmosphere
Surface solar irradiance clear sky for UV calculations
CF3hr
3hrPt
longitude latitude time1
atmos
down
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
toa_incoming_shortwave_flux
TOA Incident Shortwave Radiation
W m-2
Shortwave radiation incident at the top of the atmosphere
CF3hr
3hrPt
longitude latitude time1
atmos
down
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
surface_upwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air
Surface Upwelling Shortwave Radiation
W m-2
The surface called 'surface' means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. 'shortwave' means shortwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean 'net upward'. When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called 'irradiance'. In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called 'vector irradiance'. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per un
Net Downward Radiative Flux at Top of Model : I.e., at the top of that portion of the atmosphere where dynamics are explicitly treated by the model. This is reported only if it differs from the net downward radiative flux at the top of the atmosphere.
The snow and ice sublimation flux is the loss of snow and ice mass per unit area from the surface resulting from their direct conversion to water vapor that enters the atmosphere.
CF3hr
3hrPt
longitude latitude time1
landIce
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
shallow_convection_time_fraction
Fraction of Time Shallow Convection Occurs
1
Fraction of time that shallow convection occurs in the grid cell.
CF3hr
3hrPt
longitude latitude time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
wind_speed
Near-Surface Wind Speed
m s-1
near-surface (usually, 10 meters) wind speed.
CF3hr
3hrPt
longitude latitude time1 height10m
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
air_temperature
Air Temperature
K
Air Temperature
CF3hr
3hrPt
longitude latitude alevel time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
surface_downward_eastward_stress
Surface Downward Eastward Wind Stress
Pa
Downward eastward wind stress at the surface
CF3hr
3hrPt
longitude latitude time1
atmos
down
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
surface_downward_northward_stress
Surface Downward Northward Wind Stress
Pa
Downward northward wind stress at the surface
CF3hr
3hrPt
longitude latitude time1
atmos
down
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
surface_temperature
Surface Temperature
K
Temperature of the lower boundary of the atmosphere
CF3hr
3hrPt
longitude latitude time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
height_above_reference_ellipsoid
Altitude of Model Full-Levels
m
Height of full model levels above a reference ellipsoid. A reference ellipsoid is a mathematical figure that approximates the geoid. The geoid is a surface of constant geopotential with which mean sea level would coincide if the ocean were at rest. The ellipsoid is an approximation because the geoid is an irregular shape. A number of reference ellipsoids are defined for use in the field of geodesy. To specify which reference ellipsoid is being used, a grid_mapping variable should be attached to
CF3hr
3hrPt
longitude latitude alevel time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
height_above_reference_ellipsoid
Altitude of Model Half-Levels
m
Height of model half-levels above a reference ellipsoid. A reference ellipsoid is a mathematical figure that approximates the geoid. The geoid is a surface of constant geopotential with which mean sea level would coincide if the ocean were at rest. The ellipsoid is an approximation because the geoid is an irregular shape. A number of reference ellipsoids are defined for use in the field of geodesy. To specify which reference ellipsoid is being used, a grid_mapping variable should be attached to
CF3hr
3hrPt
longitude latitude alevhalf time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
cloud_albedo
ISCCP Mean Cloud Albedo
1
ISCCP Mean Cloud Albedo. Time-means are weighted by the ISCCP Total Cloud Fraction {:cltisccp} - see http://cfmip.metoffice.com/COSP.html
CFday
day
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean where cloud
area: areacella
air_pressure_at_convective_cloud_base
Air Pressure at Convective Cloud Base
Pa
Where convective cloud is present in the grid cell, the instantaneous cloud base altitude should be that of the bottom of the lowest level containing convective cloud. Missing data should be reported in the absence of convective cloud. The time mean should be calculated from these quantities averaging over occasions when convective cloud is present only, and should contain missing data for occasions when no convective cloud is present during the meaning period.
CFday
day
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
air_pressure_at_convective_cloud_top
Air Pressure at Convective Cloud Top
Pa
Where convective cloud is present in the grid cell, the instantaneous cloud top altitude should be that of the top of the highest level containing convective cloud. Missing data should be reported in the absence of convective cloud. The time mean should be calculated from these quantities averaging over occasions when convective cloud is present only, and should contain missing data for occasions when no convective cloud is present during the meaning period.
CFday
day
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer
Percentage Cloud Cover
%
Percentage cloud cover, including both large-scale and convective cloud.
CFday
day
longitude latitude alevel time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer
CALIPSO Percentage Cloud Cover
%
Percentage cloud cover in CALIPSO standard atmospheric layers.
CFday
day
longitude latitude alt40 time
atmos
time: mean
area: areacella
cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer
CALIPSO High Level Cloud Area Percentage
%
Percentage cloud cover in layer centred on 220hPa
CFday
day
longitude latitude time p220
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
mass_fraction_of_cloud_ice_in_air
Mass Fraction of Cloud Ice
kg kg-1
Includes both large-scale and convective cloud. This is calculated as the mass of cloud ice in the grid cell divided by the mass of air (including the water in all phases) in the grid cell. It includes precipitating hydrometeors ONLY if the precipitating hydrometeors affect the calculation of radiative transfer in model.
CFday
day
longitude latitude alevel time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer
ISCCP Cloud Area Percentage
%
Percentage cloud cover in optical depth categories.
CFday
day
longitude latitude plev7c tau time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
atmosphere_mass_content_of_cloud_ice
Ice Water Path
kg m-2
mass of ice water in the column divided by the area of the column (not just the area of the cloudy portion of the column). Includes precipitating frozen hydrometeors ONLY if the precipitating hydrometeor affects the calculation of radiative transfer in model.
CFday
day
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer
CALIPSO Low Level Cloud Cover Percentage
%
Percentage cloud cover in layer centred on 840hPa
CFday
day
longitude latitude time p840
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer
CALIPSO Mid Level Cloud Cover Percentage
%
Percentage cloud cover in layer centred on 560hPa
CFday
day
longitude latitude time p560
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
cloud_area_fraction
CALIPSO Total Cloud Cover Percentage
%
Total cloud area fraction (reported as a percentage) for the whole atmospheric column, as seen by the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) instrument. Includes both large-scale and convective cloud.
CFday
day
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
cloud_area_fraction
ISCCP Total Cloud Cover Percentage
%
Total cloud area fraction (reported as a percentage) for the whole atmospheric column, as seen by the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) analysis. Includes both large-scale and convective cloud. (MODIS). Includes both large- scale and convective cloud.
CFday
day
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
mass_fraction_of_cloud_liquid_water_in_air
Mass Fraction of Cloud Liquid Water
kg kg-1
Includes both large-scale and convective cloud. Calculate as the mass of cloud liquid water in the grid cell divided by the mass of air (including the water in all phases) in the grid cells. Precipitating hydrometeors are included ONLY if the precipitating hydrometeors affect the calculation of radiative transfer in model.
CFday
day
longitude latitude alevel time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
atmosphere_mass_content_of_cloud_condensed_water
Condensed Water Path
kg m-2
Mass of condensed (liquid + ice) water in the column divided by the area of the column (not just the area of the cloudy portion of the column). Includes precipitating hydrometeors ONLY if the precipitating hydrometeors affect the calculation of radiative transfer in model.
CFday
day
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
relative_humidity
Relative Humidity
%
The relative humidity with respect to liquid water for T> 0 C, and with respect to ice for T
CFday
day
longitude latitude alevel time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
specific_humidity
Specific Humidity
1
Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.
CFday
day
longitude latitude alevel time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
atmosphere_net_upward_convective_mass_flux
Convective Mass Flux
kg m-2 s-1
The net mass flux should represent the difference between the updraft and downdraft components. The flux is computed as the mass divided by the area of the grid cell.
CFday
day
longitude latitude alevhalf time
atmos
up
area: time: mean
area: areacella
air_pressure_at_cloud_top
ISCCP Mean Cloud Top Pressure
Pa
ISCCP Mean Cloud Top Pressure. Time-means are weighted by the ISCCP Total Cloud Fraction {:cltisccp} - see http://cfmip.metoffice.com/COSP.html
CFday
day
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean where cloud
area: areacella
air_pressure
Pressure at Model Full-Levels
Pa
Air pressure on model levels
CFday
day
longitude latitude alevel time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
air_pressure
Pressure on Model Half-Levels
Pa
Air pressure on model half-levels
CFday
day
longitude latitude alevhalf time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
surface_air_pressure
Surface Air Pressure
Pa
surface pressure (not mean sea-level pressure), 2-D field to calculate the 3-D pressure field from hybrid coordinates
Meridional wind (positive in a northward direction).
CFday
day
longitude latitude alevel time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
lagrangian_tendency_of_air_pressure
Omega (=dp/dt)
Pa s-1
Omega (vertical velocity in pressure coordinates, positive downwards)
CFday
day
longitude latitude alevel time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
lagrangian_tendency_of_air_pressure
Pressure Tendency
Pa s-1
Omega (vertical velocity in pressure coordinates, positive downwards) at 500hPa level;
CFday
day
longitude latitude time p500
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
geopotential_height
Geopotential Height
m
Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy. Geopotential height is the geopotential divided by the standard acceleration due to gravity. It is numerically similar to the altitude (or geometric height) and not to the quantity with standard name height, which is relative to the surface.
CFday
day
longitude latitude alevel time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
cloud_albedo
ISCCP Mean Cloud Albedo
1
ISCCP Mean Cloud Albedo. Time-means are weighted by the ISCCP Total Cloud Fraction {:cltisccp} - see http://cfmip.metoffice.com/COSP.html
Percentage cloud cover in CALIPSO standard atmospheric layers.
CFmon
mon
longitude latitude alt40 time
atmos
time: mean
area: areacella
cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer
CALIPSO High Level Cloud Area Percentage
%
Percentage cloud cover in layer centred on 220hPa
CFmon
mon
longitude latitude time p220
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
mass_fraction_of_convective_cloud_ice_in_air
Mass Fraction of Convective Cloud Ice
1
Calculated as the mass of convective cloud ice in the grid cell divided by the mass of air (including the water in all phases) in the grid cell. This includes precipitating hydrometeors ONLY if the precipitating hydrometeors affect the calculation of radiative transfer in model.
CFmon
mon
longitude latitude alevel time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
mass_fraction_of_stratiform_cloud_ice_in_air
Mass Fraction of Stratiform Cloud Ice
1
Calculated as the mass of stratiform cloud ice in the grid cell divided by the mass of air (including the water in all phases) in the grid cell. This includes precipitating hydrometeors ONLY if the precipitating hydrometeors affect the calculation of radiative transfer in model.
CFmon
mon
longitude latitude alevel time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer
ISCCP Cloud Area Percentage
%
Percentage cloud cover in optical depth categories.
Cloud area fraction (reported as a percentage) for the whole atmospheric column due to stratiform clouds, as seen from the surface or the top of the atmosphere. Includes both large-scale and convective cloud.
CFmon
mon
longitude latitude alevel time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
cloud_area_fraction
CALIPSO Total Cloud Cover Percentage
%
Total cloud area fraction (reported as a percentage) for the whole atmospheric column, as seen by the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) instrument. Includes both large-scale and convective cloud.
CFmon
mon
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
cloud_area_fraction
ISCCP Total Cloud Cover Percentage
%
Total cloud area fraction (reported as a percentage) for the whole atmospheric column, as seen by the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) analysis. Includes both large-scale and convective cloud. (MODIS). Includes both large- scale and convective cloud.
Calculated as the mass of convective cloud liquid water in the grid cell divided by the mass of air (including the water in all phases) in the grid cell. This includes precipitating hydrometeors ONLY if the precipitating hydrometeors affect the calculation of radiative transfer in model.
Calculated as the mass of stratiform cloud liquid water in the grid cell divided by the mass of air (including the water in all phases) in the grid cell. This includes precipitating hydrometeors ONLY if the precipitating hydrometeors affect the calculation of radiative transfer in model.
CFmon
mon
longitude latitude alevel time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
atmosphere_net_upward_deep_convective_mass_flux
Deep Convective Mass Flux
kg m-2 s-1
The net mass flux represents the difference between the updraft and downdraft components. This is calculated as the convective mass flux divided by the area of the whole grid cell (not just the area of the cloud).
CFmon
mon
longitude latitude alevhalf time
atmos
up
area: time: mean
area: areacella
atmosphere_heat_diffusivity
Eddy Diffusivity Coefficient for Temperature
m2 s-1
Vertical diffusion coefficient for temperature due to parametrised eddies
CFmon
mon
longitude latitude alevel time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
atmosphere_momentum_diffusivity
Eddy Viscosity Coefficient for Momentum
m2 s-1
Vertical diffusion coefficient for momentum due to parametrised eddies
CFmon
mon
longitude latitude alevel time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
relative_humidity
Relative Humidity
%
The relative humidity with respect to liquid water for T> 0 C, and with respect to ice for T
CFmon
mon
longitude latitude alevel time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
specific_humidity
Specific Humidity
1
Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.
CFmon
mon
longitude latitude alevel time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
atmosphere_downdraft_convective_mass_flux
Downdraft Convective Mass Flux
kg m-2 s-1
Calculated as the convective mass flux divided by the area of the whole grid cell (not just the area of the cloud).
CFmon
mon
longitude latitude alevhalf time
atmos
down
area: time: mean
area: areacella
atmosphere_updraft_convective_mass_flux
Convective Updraft Mass Flux
kg m-2 s-1
In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics. The atmosphere convective mass flux is the vertical transport of mass for a field of cumulus clouds or thermals, given by the product of air density and vertical velocity. For an area-average, cell_methods should specify whether the average is over all the area or the area of updrafts only.
CFmon
mon
longitude latitude alevhalf time
atmos
up
area: time: mean
area: areacella
air_pressure_at_cloud_top
ISCCP Mean Cloud Top Pressure
Pa
ISCCP Mean Cloud Top Pressure. Time-means are weighted by the ISCCP Total Cloud Fraction {:cltisccp} - see http://cfmip.metoffice.com/COSP.html
CFmon
mon
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean where cloud
area: areacella
surface_air_pressure
Surface Air Pressure
Pa
surface pressure (not mean sea-level pressure), 2-D field to calculate the 3-D pressure field from hybrid coordinates
CFmon
mon
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air
Downwelling Longwave Radiation
W m-2
Downwelling Longwave Radiation (includes the fluxes at the surface and TOA)
CFmon
mon
longitude latitude alevhalf time
atmos
down
area: time: mean
area: areacella
downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air
Downwelling Longwave Radiation 4XCO2 Atmosphere
W m-2
Downwelling longwave radiation calculated using carbon dioxide concentrations increased fourfold (includes the fluxes at the surface and TOA)
Downwelling clear-sky longwave radiation calculated using carbon dioxide concentrations increased fourfold (includes the fluxes at the surface and TOA)
CFmon
mon
longitude latitude alevhalf time
atmos
down
area: time: mean
area: areacella
upwelling_longwave_flux_in_air
Upwelling Longwave Radiation
W m-2
Upwelling longwave radiation (includes the fluxes at the surface and TOA)
CFmon
mon
longitude latitude alevhalf time
atmos
up
area: time: mean
area: areacella
upwelling_longwave_flux_in_air
Upwelling Longwave Radiation 4XCO2 Atmosphere
W m-2
Upwelling longwave radiation calculated using carbon dioxide concentrations increased fourfold (includes the fluxes at the surface and TOA)
CFmon
mon
longitude latitude alevhalf time
atmos
up
area: time: mean
area: areacella
upwelling_longwave_flux_in_air_assuming_clear_sky
Upwelling Clear-Sky Longwave Radiation
W m-2
Upwelling clear-sky longwave radiation (includes the fluxes at the surface and TOA)
The net mass flux represents the difference between the updraft and downdraft components. For models with a distinct shallow convection scheme, this is calculated as convective mass flux divided by the area of the whole grid cell (not just the area of the cloud).
CFmon
mon
longitude latitude alevhalf time
atmos
up
area: time: mean
area: areacella
air_temperature
Air Temperature
K
Air Temperature
CFmon
mon
longitude latitude alevel time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
tendency_of_specific_humidity
Tendency of Specific Humidity
s-1
Tendency of Specific Humidity
CFmon
mon
longitude latitude alevel time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
tendency_of_specific_humidity_due_to_advection
Tendency of Specific Humidity Due to Advection
s-1
Tendency of Specific Humidity due to Advection
CFmon
mon
longitude latitude alevel time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
tendency_of_specific_humidity_due_to_convection
Tendency of Specific Humidity Due to Convection
s-1
Tendencies from cumulus convection scheme.
CFmon
mon
longitude latitude alevel time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
tendency_of_specific_humidity_due_to_diffusion
Tendency of Specific Humidity Due to Numerical Diffusion
s-1
Tendency of specific humidity due to numerical diffusion.This includes any horizontal or vertical numerical moisture diffusion not associated with the parametrized moist physics or the resolved dynamics. For example, any vertical diffusion which is part of the boundary layer mixing scheme should be excluded, as should any diffusion which is included in the terms from the resolved dynamics. This term is required to check the closure of the moisture budget.
Tendency of Specific Humidity Due to Model Physics
s-1
Tendency of specific humidity due to model physics. This includes sources and sinks from parametrized moist physics (e.g. convection, boundary layer, stratiform condensation/evaporation, etc.) and excludes sources and sinks from resolved dynamics or from horizontal or vertical numerical diffusion not associated with model physics. For example any diffusive mixing by the boundary layer scheme would be included.
Tendency of Specific Humidity Due to Stratiform Cloud and Precipitation and Boundary Layer Mixing
s-1
Tendency of Specific Humidity Due to Stratiform Cloud and Precipitation and Boundary Layer Mixing (to be specified only in models which do not separate budget terms for stratiform cloud, precipitation and boundary layer schemes. Includes all boundary layer terms including and diffusive terms.)
CFmon
mon
longitude latitude alevel time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
tendency_of_air_temperature
Tendency of Air Temperature
K s-1
Tendency of Air Temperature
CFmon
mon
longitude latitude alevel time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
tendency_of_air_temperature_due_to_advection
Tendency of Air Temperature Due to Advection
K s-1
Tendency of Air Temperature due to Advection
CFmon
mon
longitude latitude alevel time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
tendency_of_air_temperature_due_to_convection
Tendency of Air Temperature Due to Convection
K s-1
Tendencies from cumulus convection scheme.
CFmon
mon
longitude latitude alevel time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
tendency_of_air_temperature_due_to_model_physics
Tendency of Air Temperature Due to Model Physics
K s-1
Tendency of air temperature due to model physics. This includes sources and sinks from parametrized physics (e.g. radiation, convection, boundary layer, stratiform condensation/evaporation, etc.). It excludes sources and sinks from resolved dynamics and numerical diffusion not associated with parametrized physics. For example, any vertical diffusion which is part of the boundary layer mixing scheme should be included, while numerical diffusion applied in addition to physics or resolved dynamics
Tendency of Air Temperature Due to Stratiform Cloud and Precipitation and Boundary Layer Mixing
K s-1
Tendency of Air Temperature Due to Stratiform Cloud and Precipitation and Boundary Layer Mixing (to be specified only in models which do not separate cloud, precipitation and boundary layer terms. Includes all boundary layer terms including diffusive ones.)
CFmon
mon
longitude latitude alevel time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
air_pressure_at_convective_cloud_base
Air Pressure at Convective Cloud Base
Pa
Where convective cloud is present in the grid cell, the instantaneous cloud base altitude should be that of the bottom of the lowest level containing convective cloud. Missing data should be reported in the absence of convective cloud. The time mean should be calculated from these quantities averaging over occasions when convective cloud is present only, and should contain missing data for occasions when no convective cloud is present during the meaning period.
CFsubhr
subhrPt
site time1
atmos
area: point time: point
air_pressure_at_convective_cloud_top
Air Pressure at Convective Cloud Top
Pa
Where convective cloud is present in the grid cell, the instantaneous cloud top altitude should be that of the top of the highest level containing convective cloud. Missing data should be reported in the absence of convective cloud. The time mean should be calculated from these quantities averaging over occasions when convective cloud is present only, and should contain missing data for occasions when no convective cloud is present during the meaning period.
CFsubhr
subhrPt
site time1
atmos
area: point time: point
convection_time_fraction
Fraction of Time Convection Occurs in Cell
1
Fraction of time that convection occurs in the grid cell.
CFsubhr
subhrPt
site time1
atmos
area: point time: point
cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer
Percentage Cloud Cover
%
Percentage cloud cover, including both large-scale and convective cloud.
CFsubhr
subhrPt
alevel site time1
atmos
area: point time: point
mass_fraction_of_cloud_ice_in_air
Mass Fraction of Cloud Ice
kg kg-1
Includes both large-scale and convective cloud. This is calculated as the mass of cloud ice in the grid cell divided by the mass of air (including the water in all phases) in the grid cell. It includes precipitating hydrometeors ONLY if the precipitating hydrometeors affect the calculation of radiative transfer in model.
CFsubhr
subhrPt
alevel site time1
atmos
area: point time: point
atmosphere_mass_content_of_cloud_ice
Ice Water Path
kg m-2
mass of ice water in the column divided by the area of the column (not just the area of the cloudy portion of the column). Includes precipitating frozen hydrometeors ONLY if the precipitating hydrometeor affects the calculation of radiative transfer in model.
CFsubhr
subhrPt
site time1
atmos
area: point time: point
cloud_area_fraction
Total Cloud Cover Percentage
%
Total cloud area fraction (reported as a percentage) for the whole atmospheric column, as seen from the surface or the top of the atmosphere. Includes both large-scale and convective cloud.
CFsubhr
subhrPt
site time1
atmos
area: point time: point
mass_fraction_of_cloud_liquid_water_in_air
Mass Fraction of Cloud Liquid Water
kg kg-1
Includes both large-scale and convective cloud. Calculate as the mass of cloud liquid water in the grid cell divided by the mass of air (including the water in all phases) in the grid cells. Precipitating hydrometeors are included ONLY if the precipitating hydrometeors affect the calculation of radiative transfer in model.
CFsubhr
subhrPt
alevel site time1
atmos
area: point time: point
atmosphere_mass_content_of_cloud_condensed_water
Condensed Water Path
kg m-2
Mass of condensed (liquid + ice) water in the column divided by the area of the column (not just the area of the cloudy portion of the column). Includes precipitating hydrometeors ONLY if the precipitating hydrometeors affect the calculation of radiative transfer in model.
CFsubhr
subhrPt
site time1
atmos
area: point time: point
atmosphere_heat_diffusivity
Eddy Diffusivity Coefficient for Temperature
m2 s-1
Vertical diffusion coefficient for temperature due to parametrised eddies
CFsubhr
subhrPt
alevel site time1
atmos
area: point time: point
water_evapotranspiration_flux
Evaporation Including Sublimation and Transpiration
kg m-2 s-1
Evaporation at surface (also known as evapotranspiration): flux of water into the atmosphere due to conversion of both liquid and solid phases to vapor (from underlying surface and vegetation)
CFsubhr
subhrPt
site time1
atmos
area: point time: point
atmosphere_momentum_diffusivity
Eddy Viscosity Coefficient for Momentum
m2 s-1
Vertical diffusion coefficient for momentum due to parametrised eddies
Carbon Mass Flux into Atmosphere Due to All Anthropogenic Emissions of CO2 [kgC m-2 s-1]
kg m-2 s-1
This is requested only for the emission-driven coupled carbon climate model runs. Does not include natural fire sources but, includes all anthropogenic sources, including fossil fuel use, cement production, agricultural burning, and sources associated with anthropogenic land use change excluding forest regrowth.
Carbon Mass Flux into Atmosphere Due to Fossil Fuel Emissions of CO2 [kgC m-2 s-1]
kg m-2 s-1
This is the prescribed anthropogenic CO2 flux from fossil fuel use, including cement production, and flaring (but not from land-use changes, agricultural burning, forest regrowth, etc.)
Surface Carbon Mass Flux into the Atmosphere Due to Natural Sources [kgC m-2 s-1]
kg m-2 s-1
This is what the atmosphere sees (on its own grid). This field should be equivalent to the combined natural fluxes of carbon that account for natural exchanges between the atmosphere and land (nep) or ocean (fgco2) reservoirs.
CFsubhr
subhrPt
site time1
atmos
area: point time: point
surface_upward_latent_heat_flux
Surface Upward Latent Heat Flux
W m-2
The surface called 'surface' means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. 'Upward' indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface latent heat flux is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air on account of evaporation (including sublimation). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics.
CFsubhr
subhrPt
site time1
atmos
up
area: point time: point
surface_upward_sensible_heat_flux
Surface Upward Sensible Heat Flux
W m-2
The surface sensible heat flux, also called turbulent heat flux, is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air by motion of air.
CFsubhr
subhrPt
site time1
atmos
up
area: point time: point
relative_humidity
Relative Humidity
%
The relative humidity with respect to liquid water for T> 0 C, and with respect to ice for T
CFsubhr
subhrPt
alevel site time1
atmos
area: point time: point
relative_humidity
Near-Surface Relative Humidity
%
The relative humidity with respect to liquid water for T> 0 C, and with respect to ice for T
CFsubhr
subhrPt
site time1 height2m
atmos
area: point time: point
specific_humidity
Specific Humidity
1
Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.
CFsubhr
subhrPt
alevel site time1
atmos
area: point time: point
specific_humidity
Near-Surface Specific Humidity
1
Near-surface (usually, 2 meter) specific humidity.
CFsubhr
subhrPt
site time1 height2m
atmos
area: point time: point
latitude
Latitude
degrees_north
Latitude is positive northward; its units of degree_north (or equivalent) indicate this explicitly. In a latitude-longitude system defined with respect to a rotated North Pole, the standard name of grid_latitude should be used instead of latitude. Grid latitude is positive in the grid- northward direction, but its units should be plain degree.
CFsubhr
fx
site
atmos
area: point
longitude
Longitude
degrees_east
Longitude is positive eastward; its units of degree_east (or equivalent) indicate this explicitly. In a latitude-longitude system defined with respect to a rotated North Pole, the standard name of grid_longitude should be used instead of longitude. Grid longitude is positive in the grid- eastward direction, but its units should be plain degree.
CFsubhr
fx
site
atmos
area: point
atmosphere_net_upward_convective_mass_flux
Convective Mass Flux
kg m-2 s-1
The net mass flux should represent the difference between the updraft and downdraft components. The flux is computed as the mass divided by the area of the grid cell.
CFsubhr
subhrPt
alevhalf site time1
atmos
up
area: point time: point
air_pressure
Pressure at Model Full-Levels
Pa
Air pressure on model levels
CFsubhr
subhrPt
alevel site time1
atmos
area: point time: point
air_pressure
Pressure on Model Half-Levels
Pa
Air pressure on model half-levels
CFsubhr
subhrPt
alevhalf site time1
atmos
area: point time: point
precipitation_flux
Precipitation
kg m-2 s-1
includes both liquid and solid phases
CFsubhr
subhrPt
site time1
atmos
area: point time: point
convective_precipitation_flux
Convective Precipitation
kg m-2 s-1
Convective precipitation at surface; includes both liquid and solid phases.
CFsubhr
subhrPt
site time1
atmos
area: point time: point
snowfall_flux
Snowfall Flux
kg m-2 s-1
At surface; includes precipitation of all forms of water in the solid phase
CFsubhr
subhrPt
site time1
atmos
area: point time: point
atmosphere_mass_content_of_water_vapor
Water Vapor Path
kg m-2
vertically integrated through the atmospheric column
CFsubhr
subhrPt
site time1
atmos
area: point time: point
surface_air_pressure
Surface Air Pressure
Pa
surface pressure (not mean sea-level pressure), 2-D field to calculate the 3-D pressure field from hybrid coordinates
CFsubhr
subhrPt
site time1
atmos
area: point time: point
air_pressure_at_mean_sea_level
Sea Level Pressure
Pa
Sea Level Pressure
CFsubhr
subhrPt
site time1
atmos
area: point time: point
downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air
Downwelling Longwave Radiation
W m-2
Downwelling Longwave Radiation (includes the fluxes at the surface and TOA)
Downwelling clear-sky longwave radiation (includes the fluxes at the surface and TOA)
CFsubhr
subhrPt
alevhalf site time1
atmos
down
area: point time: point
surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air
Surface Downwelling Longwave Radiation
W m-2
The surface called 'surface' means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. 'longwave' means longwave radiation. Downwelling radiation is radiation from above. It does not mean 'net downward'. When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called 'irradiance'. In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called 'vector irradiance'. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per
Upwelling longwave radiation (includes the fluxes at the surface and TOA)
CFsubhr
subhrPt
alevhalf site time1
atmos
up
area: point time: point
upwelling_longwave_flux_in_air_assuming_clear_sky
Upwelling Clear-Sky Longwave Radiation
W m-2
Upwelling clear-sky longwave radiation (includes the fluxes at the surface and TOA)
CFsubhr
subhrPt
alevhalf site time1
atmos
up
area: point time: point
surface_upwelling_longwave_flux_in_air
Surface Upwelling Longwave Radiation
W m-2
The surface called 'surface' means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. 'longwave' means longwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean 'net upward'. When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called 'irradiance'. In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called 'vector irradiance'. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit
CFsubhr
subhrPt
site time1
atmos
up
area: point time: point
toa_outgoing_longwave_flux
TOA Outgoing Longwave Radiation
W m-2
at the top of the atmosphere (to be compared with satellite measurements)
CFsubhr
subhrPt
site time1
atmos
up
area: point time: point
toa_outgoing_longwave_flux_assuming_clear_sky
TOA Outgoing Clear-Sky Longwave Radiation
W m-2
Upwelling clear-sky longwave radiation at top of atmosphere
CFsubhr
subhrPt
site time1
atmos
up
area: point time: point
downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air
Downwelling Shortwave Radiation
W m-2
Downwelling shortwave radiation (includes the fluxes at the surface and top-of-atmosphere)
Upwelling clear-sky shortwave radiation (includes the fluxes at the surface and TOA)
CFsubhr
subhrPt
alevhalf site time1
atmos
up
area: point time: point
surface_upwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air
Surface Upwelling Shortwave Radiation
W m-2
The surface called 'surface' means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. 'shortwave' means shortwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean 'net upward'. When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called 'irradiance'. In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called 'vector irradiance'. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per un
Net Downward Radiative Flux at Top of Model : I.e., at the top of that portion of the atmosphere where dynamics are explicitly treated by the model. This is reported only if it differs from the net downward radiative flux at the top of the atmosphere.
The snow and ice sublimation flux is the loss of snow and ice mass per unit area from the surface resulting from their direct conversion to water vapor that enters the atmosphere.
CFsubhr
subhrPt
site time1
landIce
area: point time: point
shallow_convection_time_fraction
Fraction of Time Shallow Convection Occurs
1
Fraction of time that shallow convection occurs in the grid cell.
CFsubhr
subhrPt
site time1
atmos
area: point time: point
wind_speed
Near-Surface Wind Speed
m s-1
near-surface (usually, 10 meters) wind speed.
CFsubhr
subhrPt
site time1 height10m
atmos
area: point time: point
air_temperature
Air Temperature
K
Air Temperature
CFsubhr
subhrPt
alevel site time1
atmos
area: point time: point
air_temperature
Near-Surface Air Temperature
K
near-surface (usually, 2 meter) air temperature
CFsubhr
subhrPt
site time1 height2m
atmos
area: point time: point
surface_downward_eastward_stress
Surface Downward Eastward Wind Stress
Pa
Downward eastward wind stress at the surface
CFsubhr
subhrPt
site time1
atmos
down
area: point time: point
surface_downward_northward_stress
Surface Downward Northward Wind Stress
Pa
Downward northward wind stress at the surface
CFsubhr
subhrPt
site time1
atmos
down
area: point time: point
tendency_of_specific_humidity
Tendency of Specific Humidity
s-1
Tendency of Specific Humidity
CFsubhr
subhrPt
alevel site time1
atmos
area: point time: point
tendency_of_specific_humidity_due_to_advection
Tendency of Specific Humidity Due to Advection
s-1
Tendency of Specific Humidity due to Advection
CFsubhr
subhrPt
alevel site time1
atmos
area: point time: point
tendency_of_specific_humidity_due_to_convection
Tendency of Specific Humidity Due to Convection
s-1
Tendencies from cumulus convection scheme.
CFsubhr
subhrPt
alevel site time1
atmos
area: point time: point
tendency_of_specific_humidity_due_to_diffusion
Tendency of Specific Humidity Due to Numerical Diffusion
s-1
Tendency of specific humidity due to numerical diffusion.This includes any horizontal or vertical numerical moisture diffusion not associated with the parametrized moist physics or the resolved dynamics. For example, any vertical diffusion which is part of the boundary layer mixing scheme should be excluded, as should any diffusion which is included in the terms from the resolved dynamics. This term is required to check the closure of the moisture budget.
Tendency of Specific Humidity Due to Model Physics
s-1
Tendency of specific humidity due to model physics. This includes sources and sinks from parametrized moist physics (e.g. convection, boundary layer, stratiform condensation/evaporation, etc.) and excludes sources and sinks from resolved dynamics or from horizontal or vertical numerical diffusion not associated with model physics. For example any diffusive mixing by the boundary layer scheme would be included.
Tendency of Specific Humidity Due to Stratiform Cloud and Precipitation and Boundary Layer Mixing
s-1
Tendency of Specific Humidity Due to Stratiform Cloud and Precipitation and Boundary Layer Mixing (to be specified only in models which do not separate budget terms for stratiform cloud, precipitation and boundary layer schemes. Includes all boundary layer terms including and diffusive terms.)
CFsubhr
subhrPt
alevel site time1
atmos
area: point time: point
tendency_of_air_temperature
Tendency of Air Temperature
K s-1
Tendency of Air Temperature
CFsubhr
subhrPt
alevel site time1
atmos
area: point time: point
tendency_of_air_temperature_due_to_advection
Tendency of Air Temperature Due to Advection
K s-1
Tendency of Air Temperature due to Advection
CFsubhr
subhrPt
alevel site time1
atmos
area: point time: point
tendency_of_air_temperature_due_to_convection
Tendency of Air Temperature Due to Convection
K s-1
Tendencies from cumulus convection scheme.
CFsubhr
subhrPt
alevel site time1
atmos
area: point time: point
tendency_of_air_temperature_due_to_model_physics
Tendency of Air Temperature Due to Model Physics
K s-1
Tendency of air temperature due to model physics. This includes sources and sinks from parametrized physics (e.g. radiation, convection, boundary layer, stratiform condensation/evaporation, etc.). It excludes sources and sinks from resolved dynamics and numerical diffusion not associated with parametrized physics. For example, any vertical diffusion which is part of the boundary layer mixing scheme should be included, while numerical diffusion applied in addition to physics or resolved dynamics
Tendency of Air Temperature Due to Stratiform Cloud and Precipitation and Boundary Layer Mixing
K s-1
Tendency of Air Temperature Due to Stratiform Cloud and Precipitation and Boundary Layer Mixing (to be specified only in models which do not separate cloud, precipitation and boundary layer terms. Includes all boundary layer terms including diffusive ones.)
CFsubhr
subhrPt
alevel site time1
atmos
area: point time: point
surface_temperature
Surface Temperature
K
Temperature of the lower boundary of the atmosphere
CFsubhr
subhrPt
site time1
atmos
area: point time: point
eastward_wind
Eastward Wind
m s-1
Zonal wind (positive in a eastward direction).
CFsubhr
subhrPt
alevel site time1
atmos
area: point time: point
eastward_wind
Eastward Near-Surface Wind
m s-1
Eastward component of the near-surface (usually, 10 meters) wind
CFsubhr
subhrPt
site time1 height10m
atmos
area: point time: point
northward_wind
Northward Wind
m s-1
Meridional wind (positive in a northward direction).
CFsubhr
subhrPt
alevel site time1
atmos
area: point time: point
northward_wind
Northward Near-Surface Wind
m s-1
Northward component of the near surface wind
CFsubhr
subhrPt
site time1 height10m
atmos
area: point time: point
lagrangian_tendency_of_air_pressure
Omega (=dp/dt)
Pa s-1
Omega (vertical velocity in pressure coordinates, positive downwards)
CFsubhr
subhrPt
alevel site time1
atmos
area: point time: point
geopotential_height
Geopotential Height
m
Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy. Geopotential height is the geopotential divided by the standard acceleration due to gravity. It is numerically similar to the altitude (or geometric height) and not to the quantity with standard name height, which is relative to the surface.
CFsubhr
subhrPt
alevel site time1
atmos
area: point time: point
precipitation_flux
Precipitation
kg m-2 s-1
includes both liquid and solid phases
E1hr
1hr
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
convective_precipitation_flux
Convective Precipitation
kg m-2 s-1
Convective precipitation at surface; includes both liquid and solid phases.
E1hr
1hr
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
air_pressure_at_mean_sea_level
Sea Level Pressure
Pa
Sea Level Pressure
E1hr
1hrPt
longitude latitude time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
toa_outgoing_longwave_flux
TOA Outgoing Longwave Radiation
W m-2
at the top of the atmosphere (to be compared with satellite measurements)
Northward Acceleration Due to Non-Orographic Gravity Wave Drag
m s-2
Tendency of the northward wind by parameterized nonorographic gravity waves. (Note that CF name tables only have a general northward tendency for all gravity waves, and we need it separated by type.)
E1hr
1hrPt
longitude latitude plev27 time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
lagrangian_tendency_of_air_pressure
Omega (=dp/dt)
Pa s-1
Omega (vertical velocity in pressure coordinates, positive downwards)
E1hr
1hrPt
longitude latitude plev3 time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
lagrangian_tendency_of_air_pressure
Omega (=dp/dt)
Pa s-1
Omega (vertical velocity in pressure coordinates, positive downwards)
E1hr
1hrPt
longitude latitude plev27 time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
geopotential_height
Geopotential Height
m
Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy. Geopotential height is the geopotential divided by the standard acceleration due to gravity. It is numerically similar to the altitude (or geometric height) and not to the quantity with standard name height, which is relative to the surface.
E1hr
1hrPt
longitude latitude plev27 time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
toa_outgoing_longwave_flux
TOA Outgoing Longwave Radiation
W m-2
at the top of the atmosphere (to be compared with satellite measurements)
E1hrClimMon
1hrCM
longitude latitude time3
atmos
up
area: mean time: mean within days time: mean over days
area: areacella
toa_outgoing_longwave_flux_assuming_clear_sky
TOA Outgoing Clear-Sky Longwave Radiation
W m-2
Upwelling clear-sky longwave radiation at top of atmosphere
E1hrClimMon
1hrCM
longitude latitude time3
atmos
up
area: mean time: mean within days time: mean over days
area: areacella
toa_incoming_shortwave_flux
TOA Incident Shortwave Radiation
W m-2
Shortwave radiation incident at the top of the atmosphere
E1hrClimMon
1hrCM
longitude latitude time3
atmos
down
area: mean time: mean within days time: mean over days
area: areacella
toa_outgoing_shortwave_flux
TOA Outgoing Shortwave Radiation
W m-2
at the top of the atmosphere
E1hrClimMon
1hrCM
longitude latitude time3
atmos
up
area: mean time: mean within days time: mean over days
area: areacella
toa_outgoing_shortwave_flux_assuming_clear_sky
TOA Outgoing Clear-Sky Shortwave Radiation
W m-2
Calculated in the absence of clouds.
E1hrClimMon
1hrCM
longitude latitude time3
atmos
up
area: mean time: mean within days time: mean over days
area: areacella
atmosphere_mass_content_of_cloud_ice
Ice Water Path
kg m-2
mass of ice water in the column divided by the area of the column (not just the area of the cloudy portion of the column). Includes precipitating frozen hydrometeors ONLY if the precipitating hydrometeor affects the calculation of radiative transfer in model.
E3hr
3hr
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
atmosphere_mass_content_of_cloud_condensed_water
Condensed Water Path
kg m-2
Mass of condensed (liquid + ice) water in the column divided by the area of the column (not just the area of the cloudy portion of the column). Includes precipitating hydrometeors ONLY if the precipitating hydrometeors affect the calculation of radiative transfer in model.
Carbon Mass Flux out of Atmosphere Due to Gross Primary Production on Land [kgC m-2 s-1]
kg m-2 s-1
The rate of synthesis of biomass from inorganic precursors by autotrophs ('producers') expressed as the mass of carbon which it contains. For example, photosynthesis in plants or phytoplankton. The producers also respire some of this biomass and the difference is referred to as the net primary production.
E3hr
3hr
longitude latitude time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
shallow_convective_precipitation_flux
Precipitation Flux from Shallow Convection
kg m-2 s-1
Convection precipitation from shallow convection
E3hr
3hr
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
rainfall_flux
Rainfall Flux
kg m-2 s-1
In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics.
E3hr
3hr
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
convective_rainfall_flux
Convective Rainfall Rate
kg m-2 s-1
In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics.
E3hr
3hr
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
convective_snowfall_flux
Convective Snowfall Flux
kg m-2 s-1
convective precipitation of all forms of water in the solid phase.
E3hr
3hr
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
atmosphere_mass_content_of_water_vapor
Water Vapor Path
kg m-2
vertically integrated through the atmospheric column
Total Heterotrophic Respiration on Land as Carbon Mass Flux [kgC m-2 s-1]
kg m-2 s-1
Carbon mass flux per unit area into atmosphere due to heterotrophic respiration on land (respiration by consumers)
E3hr
3hr
longitude latitude time
land
up
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
toa_outgoing_longwave_flux
TOA Outgoing Longwave Radiation
W m-2
at the top of the atmosphere (to be compared with satellite measurements)
E3hr
3hr
longitude latitude time
atmos
up
area: time: mean
area: areacella
toa_outgoing_longwave_flux_assuming_clear_sky
TOA Outgoing Clear-Sky Longwave Radiation
W m-2
Upwelling clear-sky longwave radiation at top of atmosphere
E3hr
3hr
longitude latitude time
atmos
up
area: time: mean
area: areacella
toa_incoming_shortwave_flux
TOA Incident Shortwave Radiation
W m-2
Shortwave radiation incident at the top of the atmosphere
E3hr
3hr
longitude latitude time
atmos
down
area: time: mean
area: areacella
toa_outgoing_shortwave_flux
TOA Outgoing Shortwave Radiation
W m-2
at the top of the atmosphere
E3hr
3hr
longitude latitude time
atmos
up
area: time: mean
area: areacella
toa_outgoing_shortwave_flux_assuming_clear_sky
TOA Outgoing Clear-Sky Shortwave Radiation
W m-2
Calculated in the absence of clouds.
E3hr
3hr
longitude latitude time
atmos
up
area: time: mean
area: areacella
wind_speed
Near-Surface Wind Speed
m s-1
near-surface (usually, 10 meters) wind speed.
E3hr
3hr
longitude latitude time height10m
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
eastward_wind
Eastward Near-Surface Wind
m s-1
Eastward component of the near-surface (usually, 10 meters) wind
E3hr
3hr
longitude latitude time height10m
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
northward_wind
Northward Near-Surface Wind
m s-1
Northward component of the near surface wind
E3hr
3hr
longitude latitude time height10m
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
asymmetry_factor_of_ambient_aerosol_particles
Aerosol Level Asymmetry Parameter for Each Band
1
The asymmetry factor is the angular integral of the aerosol scattering phase function weighted by the cosine of the angle with the incident radiation flux. The asymmetry coefficient is here an integral over all wavelength bands.
Aerosol Level Single Scattering Albedo for Each Band
1
The single scattering albedo is the fraction of radiation in an incident light beam scattered by the particles of an aerosol reference volume for a given wavelength. It is the ratio of the scattering and the extinction coefficients of the aerosol particles in the reference volume.
The fraction of the surface diffuse downwelling shortwave radiation flux which is reflected. If the diffuse radiation is isotropic, this term is equivalent to the integral of surface bidirectional reflectance over all incident angles and over all outgoing angles in the hemisphere above the surface. Reported in spectral frequency bands.
The fraction of the surface direct downwelling shortwave radiation flux which is reflected. It is equivalent to the surface bidirectional reflectance at the incident angle of the incoming solar radiation and integrated over all outgoing angles in the hemisphere above the surface. Reported in spectral frequency bands.
CFAD (Cloud Frequency Altitude Diagrams) are frequency distributions of radar reflectivity (or lidar scattering ratio) as a function of altitude. The variable cfadDbze94 is defined as the simulated relative frequency of occurrence of radar reflectivity in sampling volumes defined by altitude bins. The radar is observing at a frequency of 94GHz.
CFAD (Cloud Frequency Altitude Diagrams) are frequency distributions of radar reflectivity (or lidar scattering ratio) as a function of altitude. The variable cfadLidarsr532 is defined as the simulated relative frequency of lidar scattering ratio in sampling volumes defined by altitude bins. The lidar is observing at a wavelength of 532nm.
E3hrPt
3hrPt
longitude latitude alt40 scatratio time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
mole_fraction_of_methane_in_air
Mole Fraction of CH4
mol mol-1
Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y.
E3hrPt
3hrPt
longitude latitude alevel time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer
CALIPSO Percentage Cloud Cover
%
Percentage cloud cover in CALIPSO standard atmospheric layers.
E3hrPt
3hrPt
longitude latitude alt40 time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer
CALIPSO Cloud Cover Percentage Undetected by CloudSat (as Percentage of Area Covered)
%
Clouds detected by CALIPSO but below the detectability threshold of CloudSat
E3hrPt
3hrPt
longitude latitude alt40 time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer
CALIPSO High Level Cloud Area Percentage
%
Percentage cloud cover in layer centred on 220hPa
E3hrPt
3hrPt
longitude latitude time1 p220
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer
ISCCP Cloud Area Percentage
%
Percentage cloud cover in optical depth categories.
E3hrPt
3hrPt
longitude latitude plev7c tau time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer
CALIPSO Low Level Cloud Cover Percentage
%
Percentage cloud cover in layer centred on 840hPa
E3hrPt
3hrPt
longitude latitude time1 p840
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer
CALIPSO Mid Level Cloud Cover Percentage
%
Percentage cloud cover in layer centred on 560hPa
E3hrPt
3hrPt
longitude latitude time1 p560
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer
Percentage Cloud Cover as Calculated by the MISR Simulator (Including Error Flag)
%
Cloud percentage in spectral bands and layers as observed by the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) instrument. The first layer in each profile is reserved for a retrieval error flag.
E3hrPt
3hrPt
longitude latitude alt16 tau time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
cloud_area_fraction
CALIPSO Total Cloud Cover Percentage
%
Total cloud area fraction (reported as a percentage) for the whole atmospheric column, as seen by the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) instrument. Includes both large-scale and convective cloud.
E3hrPt
3hrPt
longitude latitude time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
mole_fraction_of_carbon_dioxide_in_air
Mole Fraction of CO2
mol mol-1
Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y.
E3hrPt
3hrPt
longitude latitude alevel time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
specific_humidity
Specific Humidity
1
Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.
E3hrPt
3hrPt
longitude latitude alevel time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
specific_humidity
Specific Humidity
1
Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.
E3hrPt
3hrPt
longitude latitude plev7h time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer
MODIS Joint Distribution of Optical Thickness and Particle Size, Ice
%
Joint probability distribution function, giving probability of cloud as a function of optical thickness and particle size, as measured by MODIS. For cloud ice particles.
E3hrPt
3hrPt
longitude latitude effectRadIc tau time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer
MODIS Optical Thickness-Particle Size Joint Distribution, Liquid
%
Joint probability distribution function, giving probability of cloud as a function of optical thickness and particle size, as measured by MODIS. For liquid cloud particles.
E3hrPt
3hrPt
longitude latitude effectRadLi tau time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
mole_fraction_of_nitrous_oxide_in_air
Mole Fraction of N2O
mol mol-1
Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. The chemical formula of nitrous oxide is N2O.
E3hrPt
3hrPt
longitude latitude alevel time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
mole_fraction_of_ozone_in_air
Mole Fraction of O3
mol mol-1
Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y.
E3hrPt
3hrPt
longitude latitude alevel time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
toa_bidirectional_reflectance
PARASOL Reflectance
1
Simulated reflectance from PARASOL as seen at the top of the atmosphere for 5 solar zenith angles. Valid only over ocean and for one viewing direction (viewing zenith angle of 30 degrees and relative azimuth angle 320 degrees).
E3hrPt
3hrPt
longitude latitude sza5 time1
atmos
area: mean where sea time: point
area: areacella
surface_air_pressure
Surface Air Pressure
Pa
surface pressure (not mean sea-level pressure), 2-D field to calculate the 3-D pressure field from hybrid coordinates
Calculated in the absence of aerosols and clouds (following Ghan). This requires a double-call in the radiation code with precisely the same meteorology.
Downwelling Clear-Sky, Aerosol-Free, Shortwave Radiation in Bands
W m-2
Calculated in the absence of aerosols and clouds (following Ghan). This requires a double-call in the radiation code with precisely the same meteorology.
Surface Downwelling Clear-Sky, Aerosol-Free Shortwave Radiation in Bands
W m-2
Calculated in the absence of aerosols and clouds, following Ghan (2013, ACP). This requires a double- call in the radiation code with precisely the same meteorology.
Calculated in the absence of aerosols and clouds (following Ghan). This requires a double-call in the radiation code with precisely the same meteorology.
Upwelling Clear-Sky, Aerosol-Free Shortwave Radiation in Bands
W m-2
Calculated in the absence of aerosols and clouds (following Ghan). This requires a double-call in the radiation code with precisely the same meteorology.
Surface Upwelling Clear-Sky, Aerosol-Free Shortwave Radiation in Bands
W m-2
Calculated in the absence of aerosols and clouds, following Ghan (ACP, 2013). This requires a double- call in the radiation code with precisely the same meteorology.
TOA Outgoing Clear-Sky, Aerosol-Free Shortwave Radiation in Bands
W m-2
Calculated in the absence of aerosols and clouds, following Ghan (2013, ACP). This requires a double- call in the radiation code with precisely the same meteorology.
E3hrPt
3hrPt
longitude latitude spectband time1
atmos
up
time: point
area: areacella
toa_outgoing_shortwave_flux_assuming_clear_sky
TOA Outgoing Clear-Sky Shortwave Radiation for Each Band
W m-2
Calculated with aerosols but without clouds. This is a standard clear-sky calculation
E3hrPt
3hrPt
longitude latitude spectband time1
atmos
up
time: point
area: areacella
toa_incoming_shortwave_flux
TOA Solar Irradiance for Each Band
W m-2
Solar irradiance at a horizontal surface at top of atmosphere.
E3hrPt
3hrPt
longitude latitude spectband time1
atmos
time: point
area: areacella
solar_zenith_angle
Solar Zenith Angle
degree
The angle between the line of sight to the sun and the local vertical
E3hrPt
3hrPt
longitude latitude time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
air_temperature
Air Temperature
K
Air Temperature
E3hrPt
3hrPt
longitude latitude plev7h time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
eastward_wind
Eastward Wind
m s-1
Zonal wind (positive in a eastward direction).
E3hrPt
3hrPt
longitude latitude plev7h time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
northward_wind
Northward Wind
m s-1
Meridional wind (positive in a northward direction).
E3hrPt
3hrPt
longitude latitude plev7h time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
lagrangian_tendency_of_air_pressure
Omega (=dp/dt)
Pa s-1
Omega (vertical velocity in pressure coordinates, positive downwards)
Zonal Mean Shortwave Heating Rate Due to Volcanic Aerosols
K s-1
shortwave heating rate due to volcanic aerosols to be diagnosed through double radiation call, zonal average values required
E6hrZ
6hrPt
latitude alevel time1
atmos
longitude: mean time: point
age_of_surface_snow
Mean Age of Snow
day
Age of Snow (when computing the time-mean here, the time samples, weighted by the mass of snow on the land portion of the grid cell, are accumulated and then divided by the sum of the weights. Reported as missing data in regions free of snow on land.
Eday
day
longitude latitude time
landIce land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
canopy_albedo
Canopy Albedo
1
Albedo of the vegetation: fraction of incoming solar radiation which is reflected before reaching the ground.
Eday
day
longitude latitude time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
surface_albedo
Snow Albedo
1
Albedo of the snow-covered surface, averaged over the grid cell.
Aerosol Optical Depth at 550nm Due to Stratospheric Volcanic Aerosols
1.00E-09
Aerosol optical depth at 550nm due to stratospheric volcanic aerosols
Eday
day
longitude latitude time lambda550nm
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
aerodynamic_resistance
Aerodynamic Resistance
s m-1
The 'aerodynamic_resistance' is the resistance to mixing through the boundary layer toward the surface by means of the dominant process, turbulent transport. Reference: Wesely, M. L., 1989, doi:10.1016/0004-6981(89)90153-4.
Cloud Droplet Number Concentration of Convective Cloud Tops
m-3
Droplets are liquid only. Report concentration 'as seen from space' over convective liquid cloudy portion of grid cell. This is the value from uppermost model layer with liquid cloud or, if available, it is better to sum over all liquid cloud tops, no matter where they occur, as long as they are seen from the top of the atmosphere. Weight by total liquid cloud top fraction of (as seen from TOA) each time sample when computing monthly mean.
Concentration 'as seen from space' over ice-cloud portion of grid cell. This is the value from uppermost model layer with ice cloud or, if available, it is the sum over all ice cloud tops, no matter where they occur, as long as they are seen from the top of the atmosphere. Weight by total ice cloud top fraction (as seen from TOA) of each time sample when computing monthly mean.
Eday
day
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
atmosphere_number_content_of_cloud_droplets
Column Integrated Cloud Droplet Number
m-2
Droplets are liquid only. Values are weighted by liquid cloud fraction in each layer when vertically integrating, and for monthly means the samples are weighted by total liquid cloud fraction (as seen from TOA).
Eday
day
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
atmosphere_mass_content_of_convective_cloud_ice
Convective Ice Water Path
kg m-2
calculate mass of convective ice water in the column divided by the area of the column (not just the area of the cloudy portion of the column). This includes precipitating frozen hydrometeors ONLY if the precipitating hydrometeors affect the calculation of radiative transfer in model.
Eday
day
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
cloud_area_fraction
Total Cloud Cover Percentage
%
Total cloud area fraction (reported as a percentage) for the whole atmospheric column, as seen from the surface or the top of the atmosphere. Includes both large-scale and convective cloud.
calculate mass of convective condensed (liquid + ice) water in the column divided by the area of the column (not just the area of the cloudy portion of the column). This includes precipitating hydrometeors ONLY if the precipitating hydrometeors affect the calculation of radiative transfer in model.
Eday
day
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
vegetation_area_fraction
Canopy Covered Area Percentage
%
Percentage of area covered by vegetation.
Eday
day
longitude latitude time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
canopy_water_amount
Total Canopy Water Storage
kg m-2
'Amount' means mass per unit area. 'Water' means water in all phases, including frozen i.e. ice and snow. 'Canopy' means the plant or vegetation canopy. The canopy water is the water on the canopy.
Eday
day
longitude latitude time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
change_over_time_in_canopy_water_amount
Change in Interception Storage
kg m-2
The phrase 'change_over_time_in_X' means change in a quantity X over a time-interval, which should be defined by the bounds of the time coordinate. 'Canopy' means the plant or vegetation canopy. Canopy water is the water on the canopy. 'Water' means water in all phases, including frozen, i.e. ice and snow. 'Amount' means mass per unit area.
Eday
day
longitude latitude time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
change_over_time_in_groundwater_amount
Change in Groundwater
kg m-2
Groundwater is subsurface water below the depth of the water table.
Depth from surface to the zero degree isotherm. Above this isotherm T > 0o, and below this line T < 0o. Missing if surface is frozen or if soil is unfrozen at all depths.
Eday
day
longitude latitude time stempzero
land
area: time: mean where unfrozen_soil
area: areacella
change_over_time_in_river_water_amount
Change in River Storage
kg m-2
Change over time of the mass of water per unit area in the fluvial system (stream and floodplain).
Eday
day
longitude latitude time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacellr
change_over_time_in_mass_content_of_water_in_soil
Change in Soil Moisture
kg m-2
The phrase 'change_over_time_in_X' means change in a quantity X over a time-interval, which should be defined by the bounds of the time coordinate. 'Content' indicates a quantity per unit area. The mass content of water in soil refers to the vertical integral from the surface down to the bottom of the soil model. For the content between specified levels in the soil, standard names including 'content_of_soil_layer' are used. 'Water' means water in all phases.
Change in time of the mass per unit area of ice in glaciers, ice caps, ice sheets and shelves, river and lake ice, any other ice on a land surface, such as frozen flood water, and snow lying on such ice or on the land surface.
Eday
day
longitude latitude time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
change_over_time_in_land_water_amount
Change in Surface Water Storage
kg m-2
The phrase 'land_water_amount', often known as 'Terrestrial Water Storage', includes: surface liquid water (water in rivers, wetlands, lakes, reservoirs, rainfall intercepted by the canopy); surface ice and snow (glaciers, ice caps, grounded ice sheets not displacing sea water, river and lake ice, other surface ice such as frozen flood water, snow lying on the surface and intercepted by the canopy); subsurface water (liquid and frozen soil water, groundwater).
Change in cold content over the snow layer for which the energy balance is calculated, accumulated over the sampling time interval. This should also include the energy contained in the liquid water in the snow pack.
Eday
day
longitude latitude time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
water_evaporation_flux_from_canopy
Interception Evaporation
kg m-2 s-1
Evaporation flux from water in all phases on the vegetation canopy.
Eday
day
longitude latitude time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
surface_water_evaporation_flux
Open Water Evaporation
kg m-2 s-1
Evaporation (conversion of liquid or solid into vapor) from open water.
Eday
day
longitude latitude time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
water_evaporation_flux_from_soil
Bare Soil Evaporation
kg m-2 s-1
Water here means water in all phases. Evaporation is the conversion of liquid or solid into vapor. (The conversion of solid alone into vapor is called 'sublimation'.) In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics.
Eday
day
longitude latitude time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
water_evapotranspiration_flux
Snow Evaporation
kg m-2 s-1
Water here means water in all phases. Evaporation is the conversion of liquid or solid into vapor. (The conversion of solid alone into vapor is called 'sublimation'.) In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics. Unless indicated in the cell_methods attribute, a quantity is assumed to apply to the whole area of each horizontal grid box. Previously, the qualifier where_type was used to specify that the quantity applies
Eday
day
longitude latitude time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
water_evapotranspiration_flux
Evaporation Including Sublimation and Transpiration
kg m-2 s-1
Evaporation at surface (also known as evapotranspiration): flux of water into the atmosphere due to conversion of both liquid and solid phases to vapor (from underlying surface and vegetation)
Eday
day
longitude latitude time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
water_potential_evaporation_flux
Potential Evapotranspiration
kg m-2 s-1
at surface; potential flux of water into the atmosphere due to conversion of both liquid and solid phases to vapor (from underlying surface and vegetation)
Eday
day
longitude latitude time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
surface_downward_heat_flux_in_air
Downward Heat Flux at Land Surface
W m-2
The surface called 'surface' means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. 'Downward' indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). The vertical heat flux in air is the sum of all heat fluxes i.e. radiative, latent and sensible. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics.
Eday
day
longitude latitude time
atmos
down
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
surface_downward_heat_flux_in_snow
Downward Heat Flux into Snow Where Land over Land
W m-2
the net downward heat flux from the atmosphere into the snow that lies on land divided by the land area in the grid cell; reported as 0.0 for snow-free land regions or where the land fraction is 0.
Eday
day
longitude latitude time
landIce land
down
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
downward_heat_flux_at_ground_level_in_snow
Downward Heat Flux at Snow Base
W m-2
Heat flux from snow into the ice or land under the snow.
Eday
day
longitude latitude time
atmos
down
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
surface_upward_latent_heat_flux
Surface Upward Latent Heat Flux
W m-2
The surface called 'surface' means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. 'Upward' indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface latent heat flux is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air on account of evaporation (including sublimation). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics.
Eday
day
longitude latitude time
atmos
up
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
surface_snow_and_ice_melt_heat_flux
Energy of Fusion
W m-2
Energy consumed or released during liquid/solid phase changes.
Energy consumed or released during vapor/solid phase changes.
Eday
day
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
surface_upward_sensible_heat_flux
Surface Upward Sensible Heat Flux
W m-2
The surface sensible heat flux, also called turbulent heat flux, is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air by motion of air.
Eday
day
longitude latitude time
atmos
up
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
relative_humidity
Daily Minimum Near-Surface Relative Humidity over Crop Tile
%
The relative humidity with respect to liquid water for T> 0 C, and with respect to ice for T
Eday
day
longitude latitude time height2m
atmos
area: mean where crops time: minimum
area: areacella
specific_humidity
Specific Humidity
1
Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.
Eday
day
longitude latitude plev19 time
atmos
time: mean
area: areacella
specific_humidity
Specific Humidity
1
Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.
Eday
day
longitude latitude time p850
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer
MODIS Joint Distribution of Optical Thickness and Particle Size, Ice
%
Joint probability distribution function, giving probability of cloud as a function of optical thickness and particle size, as measured by MODIS. For cloud ice particles.
Eday
day
longitude latitude effectRadIc tau time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer
MODIS Optical Thickness-Particle Size Joint Distribution, Liquid
%
Joint probability distribution function, giving probability of cloud as a function of optical thickness and particle size, as measured by MODIS. For liquid cloud particles.
Eday
day
longitude latitude effectRadLi tau time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
leaf_area_index
Leaf Area Index
1
A ratio obtained by dividing the total upper leaf surface area of vegetation by the (horizontal) surface area of the land on which it grows.
atmosphere dry organic content: This is the vertically integrated sum of atmosphere_primary_organic_content and atmosphere_secondary_organic_content (see next two table entries).
The total dry mass of sea salt aerosol particles per unit area.
Eday
day
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
liquid_water_content_of_surface_snow
Liquid Water Content of Snow Layer
kg m-2
The total mass of liquid water contained interstitially within the whole depth of the snow layer of the land portion of a grid cell divided by the area of the land portion of the cell.
Eday
day
longitude latitude time
landIce land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
ocean_mixed_layer_thickness_defined_by_sigma_t
Ocean Mixed Layer Thickness Defined by Sigma T
m
Sigma T is potential density referenced to ocean surface.
Eday
day
longitude latitude time
ocean
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello
mass_fraction_of_frozen_water_in_soil_moisture
Average Layer Fraction of Frozen Moisture
1
Fraction of soil moisture mass in the solid phase in each user-defined soil layer (3D variable)
Eday
day
longitude latitude sdepth time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
mass_fraction_of_unfrozen_water_in_soil_moisture
Average Layer Fraction of Liquid Moisture
1
Fraction of soil moisture mass in the liquid phase in each user-defined soil layer (3D variable)
Eday
day
longitude latitude sdepth time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
subsurface_runoff_flux
Subsurface Runoff
kg m-2 s-1
Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, 'runoff' refers to the sum of surface runoff and subsurface drainage. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics.
Eday
day
longitude latitude time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
surface_runoff_flux
Surface Runoff
kg m-2 s-1
The total surface run off leaving the land portion of the grid cell (excluding drainage through the base of the soil model).
Eday
day
longitude latitude time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
frozen_water_content_of_soil_layer
Frozen Water Content of Soil Layer
kg m-2
in each soil layer, the mass of water in ice phase. Reported as 'missing' for grid cells occupied entirely by 'sea'
Eday
day
longitude latitude sdepth time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
liquid_water_content_of_soil_layer
Liquid Water Content of Soil Layer
kg m-2
in each soil layer, the mass of water in liquid phase. Reported as 'missing' for grid cells occupied entirely by 'sea'
Eday
day
longitude latitude sdepth time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
mass_content_of_water_in_soil_layer
Total Water Content of Soil Layer
kg m-2
in each soil layer, the mass of water in all phases, including ice. Reported as 'missing' for grid cells occupied entirely by 'sea'
A nudging increment refers to an amount added to parts of a model system. The phrase 'nudging_increment_in_X' refers to an increment in quantity X over a time period which should be defined in the bounds of the time coordinate. 'Content' indicates a quantity per unit area. 'Water' means water in all phases. The mass content of water in soil refers to the vertical integral from the surface down to the bottom of the soil model. The 'soil content' of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from
Eday
day
longitude latitude time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
nudging_increment_in_snow_and_ice_amount_on_land
Nudging Increment of Water in Snow
kg m-2
A nudging increment refers to an amount added to parts of a model system. The phrase 'nudging_increment_in_X' refers to an increment in quantity X over a time period which should be defined in the bounds of the time coordinate. The surface called 'surface' means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. 'Amount' means mass per unit area. 'Snow and ice on land' means ice in glaciers, ice caps, ice sheets & shelves, river and lake ice, any other ice on a land surface, such as frozen flood water, and s
Eday
day
longitude latitude time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
toa_bidirectional_reflectance
PARASOL Reflectance
1
Simulated reflectance from PARASOL as seen at the top of the atmosphere for 5 solar zenith angles. Valid only over ocean and for one viewing direction (viewing zenith angle of 30 degrees and relative azimuth angle 320 degrees).
Eday
day
longitude latitude sza5 time
atmos
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacella
liquid_water_content_of_permafrost_layer
Liquid Water Content of Permafrost Layer
kg m-2
*where land over land*, i.e., this is the total mass of liquid water contained within the permafrost layer within the land portion of a grid cell divided by the area of the land portion of the cell.
Eday
day
longitude latitude time
landIce land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
precipitation_flux
Precipitation over Crop Tile
kg m-2 s-1
includes both liquid and solid phases
Eday
day
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean where crops (comment: mask=cropFrac)
area: areacella
precipitation_flux
Maximum Hourly Precipitation Rate
kg m-2 s-1
In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics.
Eday
day
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: mean time: mean within hours time: maximum over hours
area: areacella
rainfall_flux
Rainfall Flux over Land
kg m-2 s-1
In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics.
Eday
day
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
convective_rainfall_flux
Convective Rainfall Rate
kg m-2 s-1
In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics.
Cloud-Top Effective Droplet Radius in Convective Cloud
m
Droplets are liquid only. This is the effective radius 'as seen from space' over convective liquid cloudy portion of grid cell. This is the value from uppermost model layer with liquid cloud or, if available, or for some models it is the sum over all liquid cloud tops, no matter where they occur, as long as they are seen from the top of the atmosphere. Reported values are weighted by total liquid cloud top fraction of (as seen from TOA) each time sample when computing monthly mean.daily data, se
Cloud-Top Effective Droplet Radius in Stratiform Cloud
m
Droplets are liquid only. This is the effective radius 'as seen from space' over liquid stratiform cloudy portion of grid cell. This is the value from uppermost model layer with liquid cloud or, if available, or for some models it is the sum over all liquid cloud tops, no matter where they occur, as long as they are seen from the top of the atmosphere. Reported values are weighted by total liquid cloud top fraction of (as seen from TOA) each time sample when computing monthly mean.daily data, se
'Content' indicates a quantity per unit area. The content of a soil layer is the vertical integral of the specified quantity within the layer. The quantity with standard name mass_content_of_water_in _soil_layer_defined_by_root_depth is the vertical integral between the surface and the depth to which plant roots penetrate. A coordinate variable or scalar coordinate variable with standard name root_depth can be used to specify the extent of the layer. 'Water' means water in all phases.
The snow and ice sublimation flux is the loss of snow and ice mass per unit area from the surface resulting from their direct conversion to water vapor that enters the atmosphere.
Cloud Droplet Number Concentration of Stratiform Cloud Tops
m-3
Droplets are liquid only. Report concentration 'as seen from space' over stratiform liquid cloudy portion of grid cell. This is the value from uppermost model layer with liquid cloud or, if available, it is better to sum over all liquid cloud tops, no matter where they occur, as long as they are seen from the top of the atmosphere. Weight by total liquid cloud top fraction of (as seen from TOA) each time sample when computing monthly mean.
Eday
day
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
surface_snow_thickness
Snow Depth
m
where land over land, this is computed as the mean thickness of snow in the land portion of the grid cell (averaging over the entire land portion, including the snow-free fraction). Reported as 0.0 where the land fraction is 0.
Eday
day
longitude latitude time
landIce land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
surface_snow_melt_flux
Surface Snow Melt
kg m-2 s-1
The total surface snow melt rate on the land portion of the grid cell divided by the land area in the grid cell; report as zero for snow-free land regions and missing where there is no land.
Mass flow rate of water draining out of the snow pack.
Eday
day
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
surface_snow_and_ice_refreezing_flux
Refreezing of Water in the Snow
kg m-2 s-1
In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics. The surface called 'surface' means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. 'Surface snow and ice refreezing flux' means the mass flux of surface meltwater which refreezes within the snow or firn.
Eday
day
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
canopy_snow_amount
Snow Water Equivalent Intercepted by the Vegetation
kg m-2
Total water mass of the snowpack (liquid or frozen), averaged over a grid cell and intercepted by the canopy.
Eday
day
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
soot_content_of_surface_snow
Snow Soot Content
kg m-2
the entire land portion of the grid cell is considered, with snow soot content set to 0.0 in regions free of snow.
Eday
day
longitude latitude time
landIce land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
land_surface_liquid_water_amount
Surface Water Storage
kg m-2
Total liquid water storage, other than soil, snow or interception storage (i.e. lakes, river channel or depression storage).
This quantity, sometimes called the 'isotherm depth', is the depth (if it exists) at which the sea water potential temperature equals some specified value. This value should be specified in a scalar coordinate variable. Depth is the vertical distance below the surface. Potential temperature is the temperature a parcel of air or sea water would have if moved adiabatically to sea level pressure.
Eday
day
longitude latitude time
ocean
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello
air_temperature
Air Temperature
K
Air Temperature
Eday
day
longitude latitude plev19 time
atmos
time: mean
area: areacella
air_temperature
Air Temperature
K
Temperature on the 500 hPa surface
Eday
day
longitude latitude time p500
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
air_temperature
Air Temperature
K
Air temperature at 850hPa
Eday
day
longitude latitude time p850
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
air_temperature
Daily Maximum Near-Surface Air Temperature over Crop Tile
K
maximum near-surface (usually, 2 meter) air temperature (add cell_method attribute 'time: max')
Eday
day
longitude latitude time height2m
atmos
area: mean where crops time: maximum
area: areacella
air_temperature
Daily Minimum Near-Surface Air Temperature over Crop Tile
K
minimum near-surface (usually, 2 meter) air temperature (add cell_method attribute 'time: min')
Eday
day
longitude latitude time height2m
atmos
area: mean where crops time: minimum
area: areacella
magnitude_of_surface_downward_stress
Momentum Flux
N m-2
module of the momentum lost by the atmosphere to the surface.
Eastward Surface Stress from Planetary Boundary Layer Scheme
Pa
The downward eastward stress associated with the models parameterization of the planetary boundary layer. (This request is related to a WGNE effort to understand how models parameterize the surface stresses.)
Northward Surface Stress from Planetary Boundary Layer Scheme
Pa
The downward northward stress associated with the models parameterization of the planetary boundary layer. (This request is related to a WGNE effort to understand how models parameterize the surface stresses.)
Eday
day
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
canopy_temperature
Vegetation Canopy Temperature
K
Vegetation temperature, averaged over all vegetation types
Eday
day
longitude latitude time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
dew_point_temperature
2m Dewpoint Temperature
K
Dew point temperature is the temperature at which a parcel of air reaches saturation upon being cooled at constant pressure and specific humidity.
Eday
day
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
surface_temperature
Temperature of Bare Soil
K
Surface bare soil temperature
Eday
day
longitude latitude time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
permafrost_layer_thickness
Permafrost Layer Thickness
m
The mean thickness of the permafrost layer in the land portion of the grid cell. Reported as zero in permafrost-free regions.
Eday
day
longitude latitude time
landIce land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
surface_temperature
Surface Radiative Temperature
K
Effective radiative surface temperature, averaged over the grid cell
Eday
day
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
transpiration_flux
Transpiration
kg m-2 s-1
Transpiration (may include dew formation as a negative flux).
Eday
day
longitude latitude time
land
up
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
surface_temperature
Surface Temperature
K
Temperature of the lower boundary of the atmosphere
Eday
day
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
soil_temperature
Temperature of Soil
K
Temperature of soil. Reported as missing for grid cells with no land.
Eday
day
longitude latitude sdepth time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
surface_temperature
Land Surface Temperature
K
Temperature of the lower boundary of the atmosphere
Eday
day
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
temperature_in_surface_snow
Snow Internal Temperature
K
This temperature is averaged over all the snow in the grid cell that rests on land or land ice. When computing the time-mean here, the time samples, weighted by the mass of snow on the land portion of the grid cell, are accumulated and then divided by the sum of the weights. Reported as missing in regions free of snow on land.
Eday
day
longitude latitude time
landIce land
area: mean where land time: mean (with samples weighted by snow mass)
area: areacella
surface_temperature
Snow Surface Temperature
K
Temperature of the snow surface as it interacts with the atmosphere, averaged over a grid cell.
Eday
day
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
eastward_wind
Eastward Wind
m s-1
Zonal wind (positive in a eastward direction).
Eday
day
longitude latitude plev19 time
atmos
time: mean
area: areacella
northward_wind
Northward Wind
m s-1
Meridional wind (positive in a northward direction).
Eday
day
longitude latitude plev19 time
atmos
time: mean
area: areacella
lagrangian_tendency_of_air_pressure
Omega (=dp/dt)
Pa s-1
Omega (vertical velocity in pressure coordinates, positive downwards)
Eday
day
longitude latitude plev19 time
atmos
time: mean
area: areacella
water_table_depth
Water Table Depth
m
Depth is the vertical distance below the surface. The water table is the surface below which the soil is saturated with water such that all pore spaces are filled.
Eday
day
longitude latitude time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacellr
geopotential_height
Geopotential Height
m
Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy. Geopotential height is the geopotential divided by the standard acceleration due to gravity. It is numerically similar to the altitude (or geometric height) and not to the quantity with standard name height, which is relative to the surface.
Eday
day
longitude latitude plev19 time
atmos
time: mean
area: areacella
atmosphere_boundary_layer_thickness
Height of Boundary Layer
m
The atmosphere boundary layer thickness is the 'depth' or 'height' of the (atmosphere) planetary boundary layer.
Eday
day
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
northward_eliassen_palm_flux_in_air
Northward Component of the Eliassen-Palm Flux
m3 s-2
Transformed Eulerian Mean Diagnostics Meridional component Fy of Eliassen-Palm (EP) flux (Fy, Fz) derived from 6hr or higher frequency fields (use daily fields or 12 hr fields if the 6 hr are not available). Please use the definitions given by equation 3.5.3a of Andrews, Holton and Leovy text book, but scaled by density to have units m3 s-2.
EdayZ
day
latitude plev39 time
atmos
longitude: mean time: mean
upward_eliassen_palm_flux_in_air
Upward Component of the Eliassen-Palm Flux
m3 s-2
Transformed Eulerian Mean Diagnostics Meridional component Fz of the Eliassen-Palm (EP) flux (Fy, Fz) derived from 6hr or higher frequency fields (use daily fields or 12 hr fields if the 6 hr are not available). Please use the definitions given by equation 3.5.3b of Andrews, Holton and Leovy text book, but scaled by density to have units m3 s-2.
EdayZ
day
latitude plev39 time
atmos
up
longitude: mean time: mean
specific_humidity
Specific Humidity
1
Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.
Residual mass streamfunction, computed from vstar and integrated from the top of the atmosphere (on the native model grid). Reference: Andrews et al (1987): Middle Atmospheric Dynamics. Academic Press.
Tendency of Eastward Wind Due to TEM Northward Advection and Coriolis Term
m s-1 d-1
Tendency of zonally averaged eastward wind, by the residual northward wind advection (on the native model grid). Reference: Andrews et al (1987): Middle Atmospheric Dynamics. Academic Press.
Tendency of Eastward Wind Due to TEM Upward Advection
m s-1 d-1
Tendency of zonally averaged eastward wind, by the residual upward wind advection (on the native model grid). Reference: Andrews et al (1987): Middle Atmospheric Dynamics. Academic Press.
EdayZ
day
latitude plev39 time
atmos
longitude: mean time: mean
northward_wind
Northward Wind
m s-1
Meridional wind (positive in a northward direction).
EdayZ
day
latitude plev19 time
atmos
longitude: mean time: mean
northward_transformed_eulerian_mean_air_velocity
Transformed Eulerian Mean Northward Wind
m s-1
Transformed Eulerian Mean Diagnostics v*, meridional component of the residual meridional circulation (v*, w*) derived from 6 hr or higher frequency data fields (use instantaneous daily fields or 12 hr fields if the 6 hr data are not available).
EdayZ
day
latitude plev39 time
atmos
longitude: mean time: mean
upward_transformed_eulerian_mean_air_velocity
Transformed Eulerian Mean Upward Wind
m s-1
Transformed Eulerian Mean Diagnostics w*, upward component of the residual meridional circulation (v*, w*) derived from 6 hr or higher frequency data fields (use instantaneous daily fields or 12 hr fields if the 6 hr data are not available). Scale height: 6950 m
EdayZ
day
latitude plev39 time
atmos
longitude: mean time: mean
geopotential_height
Geopotential Height
m
Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy. Geopotential height is the geopotential divided by the standard acceleration due to gravity. It is numerically similar to the altitude (or geometric height) and not to the quantity with standard name height, which is relative to the surface.
EdayZ
day
latitude plev19 time
atmos
longitude: mean time: mean
volume_fraction_of_clay_in_soil
Clay Fraction
1
'Volume fraction' is used in the construction volume_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y.
The field capacity of soil is the maximum content of water it can retain against gravitational drainage. Provide as a percentage of the soil volume.
Efx
fx
longitude latitude sdepth
land
area: mean where land
area: areacella
soil_hydraulic_conductivity_at_saturation
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity
micron s-1
Hydraulic conductivity is the constant k in Darcy's Law q=-k grad h for fluid flow q (volume transport per unit area i.e. velocity) through a porous medium, where h is the hydraulic head (pressure expressed as an equivalent depth of water).
Efx
fx
longitude latitude sdepth
land
area: mean where land
area: areacella
surface_air_pressure
Surface Air Pressure
Pa
surface pressure (not mean sea-level pressure), 2-D field to calculate the 3-D pressure field from hybrid coordinates
Efx
fx
longitude latitude
atmos
area: mean
area: areacella
downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air
Downwelling Longwave Radiation
W m-2
Downwelling Longwave Radiation (includes the fluxes at the surface and TOA)
Efx
fx
alevhalf spectband
atmos
down
area: point
upwelling_longwave_flux_in_air
Upwelling Longwave Radiation
W m-2
Upwelling longwave radiation (includes the fluxes at the surface and TOA)
Efx
fx
alevhalf spectband
atmos
up
area: point
root_mass_content_of_carbon
Root Distribution
kg m-2
Mass of carbon in roots.
Efx
fx
longitude latitude sdepth
land
area: mean where land
area: areacella
downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air
Downwelling Shortwave Radiation
W m-2
Downwelling shortwave radiation (includes the fluxes at the surface and top-of-atmosphere)
Efx
fx
alevhalf spectband
atmos
down
area: point
upwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air
Upwelling Shortwave Radiation
W m-2
Upwelling shortwave radiation (includes also the fluxes at the surface and top of atmosphere)
Efx
fx
alevhalf spectband
atmos
up
area: point
volume_fraction_of_sand_in_soil
Sand Fraction
1
'Volume fraction' is used in the construction volume_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y.
Efx
fx
longitude latitude sdepth
land
area: mean where land
area: areacella
floating_ice_shelf_area_fraction
Floating Ice Shelf Area Percentage
%
Percentage of grid cell covered by floating ice shelf, the component of the ice sheet that is flowing over sea water
Efx
fx
longitude latitude
landIce
area: mean
area: areacella
grounded_ice_sheet_area_fraction
Grounded Ice Sheet Area Percentage
%
Percentage of grid cell covered by grounded ice sheet
Efx
fx
longitude latitude
landIce
area: mean
area: areacella
volume_fraction_of_silt_in_soil
Silt Fraction
1
Volume fraction of silt in soil
Efx
fx
longitude latitude sdepth
atmos
area: mean where land
area: areacella
cell_thickness
Thickness of Soil Layers
m
'Thickness' means the vertical extent of a layer. 'Cell' refers to a model grid cell.
Efx
fx
longitude latitude sdepth
land
area: mean where land
area: areacella
canopy_height
Height of the Vegetation Canopy
m
Vegetation height averaged over all vegetation types and over the vegetated fraction of a grid cell.
Percentage water content of soil by volume at the wilting point. The wilting point of soil is the water content below which plants cannot extract sufficient water to balance their loss through transpiration.
Carbon-13 mass content per unit area in vegetation (any living plants e.g. trees, shrubs, grass), litter (dead plant material in or above the soil), soil, and forestry and agricultural products (e.g. paper, cardboard, furniture, timber for construction, biofuels and food for both humans and livestock).
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
litter_mass_content_of_13C
Mass of 13C in Litter Pool
kg m-2
Carbon-13 mass content per unit area litter (dead plant material in or above the soil).
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
soil_mass_content_of_13C
Mass of 13C in Soil Pool
kg m-2
Carbon-13 mass content per unit area in soil.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
vegetation_mass_content_of_13C
Mass of 13C in Vegetation
kg m-2
Carbon-13 mass content per unit area in vegetation (any living plants e.g. trees, shrubs, grass).
Carbon-14 mass content per unit area in vegetation (any living plants e.g. trees, shrubs, grass), litter (dead plant material in or above the soil), soil, and forestry and agricultural products (e.g. paper, cardboard, furniture, timber for construction, biofuels and food for both humans and livestock).
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
litter_mass_content_of_14C
Mass of 14C in Litter Pool
kg m-2
Carbon-14 mass content per unit area litter (dead plant material in or above the soil).
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
soil_mass_content_of_14C
Mass of 14C in Soil Pool
kg m-2
Carbon-14 mass content per unit area in soil.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
vegetation_mass_content_of_14C
Mass of 14C in Vegetation
kg m-2
Carbon-14 mass content per unit area in vegetation (any living plants e.g. trees, shrubs, grass).
Report missing data over ocean grid cells. For fractional land report value averaged over the land fraction.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
wood_debris_mass_content_of_carbon
Carbon Mass in Coarse Woody Debris
kg m-2
'Content' indicates a quantity per unit area. 'Wood debris' means dead organic matter composed of coarse wood. It is distinct from fine litter. The precise distinction between 'fine' and 'coarse' is model dependent.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
litter_mass_content_of_carbon
Carbon Mass in Litter on Grass Tiles
kg m-2
'Litter' is dead plant material in or above the soil. It is distinct from coarse wood debris. The precise distinction between 'fine' and 'coarse' is model dependent. 'Content' indicates a quantity per unit area. The sum of the quantities with standard names surface_litter_mass_content_of_carbon and subsurface_litter_mass_content_of_carbon has the standard name litter_mass_content_of_carbon.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time
land
area: time: mean where natural_grasses (comment: mask=grassFrac)
area: areacella
litter_mass_content_of_carbon
Carbon Mass in Litter on Shrub Tiles
kg m-2
'Litter' is dead plant material in or above the soil. It is distinct from coarse wood debris. The precise distinction between 'fine' and 'coarse' is model dependent. 'Content' indicates a quantity per unit area. The sum of the quantities with standard names surface_litter_mass_content_of_carbon and subsurface_litter_mass_content_of_carbon has the standard name litter_mass_content_of_carbon.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time
land
area: time: mean where shrubs (comment: mask=shrubFrac)
area: areacella
subsurface_litter_mass_content_of_carbon
Carbon Mass in Below-Ground Litter
kg m-2
subsurface litter pool fed by root inputs.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
surface_litter_mass_content_of_carbon
Carbon Mass in Above-Ground Litter
kg m-2
Surface or near-surface litter pool fed by leaf and above-ground litterfall
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
litter_mass_content_of_carbon
Carbon Mass in Litter on Tree Tiles
kg m-2
'Litter' is dead plant material in or above the soil. It is distinct from coarse wood debris. The precise distinction between 'fine' and 'coarse' is model dependent. 'Content' indicates a quantity per unit area. The sum of the quantities with standard names surface_litter_mass_content_of_carbon and subsurface_litter_mass_content_of_carbon has the standard name litter_mass_content_of_carbon.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time
land
area: time: mean where trees (comment: mask=treeFrac)
Carbon Mass in Vegetation Components Other than Leaves, Stems and Roots
kg m-2
E.g. fruits, seeds, etc.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
soil_mass_content_of_carbon
Carbon Mass in Model Soil Pool
kg m-2
Carbon mass in the full depth of the soil model.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
soil_mass_content_of_carbon
Carbon Mass in Soil Pool Above 1m Depth
kg m-2
Report missing data over ocean grid cells. For fractional land report value averaged over the land fraction.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time sdepth10
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
soil_mass_content_of_carbon
Carbon Mass in Soil on Grass Tiles
kg m-2
'Content' indicates a quantity per unit area. The 'soil content' of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface down to the bottom of the soil model. For the content between specified levels in the soil, standard names including content_of_soil_layer are used.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time
land
area: time: mean where natural_grasses (comment: mask=grassFrac)
area: areacella
soil_mass_content_of_carbon
Carbon Mass in Each Model Soil Level (Summed over All Soil Carbon Pools in That Level)
kg m-2
for models with vertically discretised soil carbon, report total soil carbon for each level
Emon
mon
longitude latitude sdepth time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
soil_mass_content_of_carbon
Carbon Mass in Each Model Soil Pool (Summed over Vertical Levels)
kg m-2
For models with multiple soil carbon pools, report each pool here. If models also have vertical discretisation these should be aggregated
Emon
mon
longitude latitude soilpools time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
soil_mass_content_of_carbon
Carbon Mass in Soil on Shrub Tiles
kg m-2
'Content' indicates a quantity per unit area. The 'soil content' of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface down to the bottom of the soil model. For the content between specified levels in the soil, standard names including content_of_soil_layer are used.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time
land
area: time: mean where shrubs (comment: mask=shrubFrac)
area: areacella
soil_mass_content_of_carbon
Carbon Mass in Soil on Tree Tiles
kg m-2
'Content' indicates a quantity per unit area. The 'soil content' of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface down to the bottom of the soil model. For the content between specified levels in the soil, standard names including content_of_soil_layer are used.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time
land
area: time: mean where trees (comment: mask=treeFrac)
Total Carbon Loss from Natural and Managed Fire on Land-Use Tile, Including Deforestation Fires [kgC m-2 s-1]
kg m-2 s-1
Different from LMON this flux should include all fires occurring on the land use tile, including natural, man-made and deforestation fires
Emon
mon
longitude latitude landUse time
land
area: time: mean where sector
area: areacella
vegetation_carbon_content
Carbon Mass in Vegetation on Grass Tiles
kg m-2
'Content' indicates a quantity per unit area. 'Vegetation' means any plants e.g. trees, shrubs, grass. Plants are autotrophs i.e. 'producers' of biomass using carbon obtained from carbon dioxide.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time
land
area: time: mean where natural_grasses (comment: mask=grassFrac)
area: areacella
vegetation_carbon_content
Carbon Mass in Vegetation on Shrub Tiles
kg m-2
'Content' indicates a quantity per unit area. 'Vegetation' means any plants e.g. trees, shrubs, grass. Plants are autotrophs i.e. 'producers' of biomass using carbon obtained from carbon dioxide.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time
land
area: time: mean where shrubs (comment: mask=shrubFrac)
area: areacella
vegetation_carbon_content
Carbon Mass in Vegetation on Tree Tiles
kg m-2
'Content' indicates a quantity per unit area. 'Vegetation' means any plants e.g. trees, shrubs, grass. Plants are autotrophs i.e. 'producers' of biomass using carbon obtained from carbon dioxide.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time
land
area: time: mean where trees (comment: mask=treeFrac)
area: areacella
stem_mass_content_of_carbon
Carbon Mass in Wood
kg m-2
Carbon mass per unit area in wood, including sapwood and hardwood.
CFAD (Cloud Frequency Altitude Diagrams) are frequency distributions of radar reflectivity (or lidar scattering ratio) as a function of altitude. The variable cfadDbze94 is defined as the simulated relative frequency of occurrence of radar reflectivity in sampling volumes defined by altitude bins. The radar is observing at a frequency of 94GHz.
CFAD (Cloud Frequency Altitude Diagrams) are frequency distributions of radar reflectivity (or lidar scattering ratio) as a function of altitude. The variable cfadLidarsr532 is defined as the simulated relative frequency of lidar scattering ratio in sampling volumes defined by altitude bins. The lidar is observing at a wavelength of 532nm.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude alt40 scatratio time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
ice_cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer
CALIPSO Ice Cloud Percentage
%
Percentage cloud cover in CALIPSO standard atmospheric layers.
Concentration 'as seen from space' over ice-cloud portion of grid cell. This is the value from uppermost model layer with ice cloud or, if available, it is the sum over all ice cloud tops, no matter where they occur, as long as they are seen from the top of the atmosphere. Weight by total ice cloud top fraction (as seen from TOA) of each time sample when computing monthly mean.
Droplets are liquid only. Report concentration 'as seen from space' over liquid cloudy portion of grid cell. This is the value from uppermost model layer with liquid cloud or, if available, it is better to sum over all liquid cloud tops, no matter where they occur, as long as they are seen from the top of the atmosphere. Weight by total liquid cloud top fraction of (as seen from TOA) each time sample when computing monthly mean.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
atmosphere_number_content_of_cloud_droplets
Column Integrated Cloud Droplet Number
m-2
Droplets are liquid only. Values are weighted by liquid cloud fraction in each layer when vertically integrating, and for monthly means the samples are weighted by total liquid cloud fraction (as seen from TOA).
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
cloud_liquid_water_mixing_ratio
Cloud Water Mixing Ratio
1
Cloud water mixing ratio
Emon
mon
longitude latitude plev27 time
atmos
time: mean
area: areacella
ice_cloud_area_fraction
MODIS Ice Cloud Area Percentage
%
Total ice cloud area fraction (reported as a percentage) for the whole atmospheric column, as seen by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS).
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer
Percentage Cloud Cover as Calculated by the MISR Simulator (Including Error Flag)
%
Cloud percentage in spectral bands and layers as observed by the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) instrument. The first layer in each profile is reserved for a retrieval error flag.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude alt16 tau time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
cloud_area_fraction
MODIS Total Cloud Cover Percentage
%
Total cloud area fraction (reported as a percentage) for the whole atmospheric column, as seen by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Includes both large-scale and convective cloud.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
liquid_water_cloud_area_fraction
MODIS Liquid Cloud Percentage
%
Mass of cloud liquid water, as seen by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Includes both large-scale and convective cloud.
calculate mass of convective condensed (liquid + ice) water in the column divided by the area of the column (not just the area of the cloudy portion of the column). This includes precipitating hydrometeors ONLY if the precipitating hydrometeors affect the calculation of radiative transfer in model.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
mass_fraction_of_carbon_dioxide_tracer_in_air
3D-Field of Transported CO2
kg kg-1
report 3D field of model simulated atmospheric CO2 mass mixing ration on model levels
'Number concentration' means the number of particles or other specified objects per unit volume. 'Aerosol' means the system of suspended liquid or solid particles in air (except cloud droplets) and their carrier gas, the air itself. 'Ambient_aerosol' means that the aerosol is measured or modelled at the ambient state of pressure, temperature and relative humidity that exists in its immediate environment. 'Ambient aerosol particles' are aerosol particles that have taken up ambient water through h
Mass concentration means mass per unit volume and is used in the construction mass_concentration_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'. 'Aerosol' means the system of suspended liquid or solid particles in air (except cloud droplets) and their carrier gas, the air itself. Aerosol particles take up ambient water (a process known as hygroscopic growth) de
Tendency of Eastward Wind from Numerical Artefacts
m s-2
Other sub-grid scale/numerical zonal drag excluding that already provided for the parameterized orographic and non-orographic gravity waves. This would be used to calculate the total 'diabatic drag'. Contributions to this additional drag such Rayleigh friction and diffusion that can be calculated from the monthly mean wind fields should not be included, but details (e.g. coefficients) of the friction and/or diffusion used in the model should be provided separately.
Aerosol volume extinction coefficient at 550nm wavelength.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude alevel time lambda550nm
aerosol
area: time: mean
area: areacella
water_potential_evaporation_flux
Potential Evapotranspiration
kg m-2 s-1
at surface; potential flux of water into the atmosphere due to conversion of both liquid and solid phases to vapor (from underlying surface and vegetation)
In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics. 'Sinking' is the gravitational settling of particulate matter suspended in a liquid. A sinking flux is positive downwards and is calculated relative to the movement of the surrounding fluid.
In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics. 'Sinking' is the gravitational settling of particulate matter suspended in a liquid. A sinking flux is positive downwards and is calculated relative to the movement of the surrounding fluid.
In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics. 'Sinking' is the gravitational settling of particulate matter suspended in a liquid. A sinking flux is positive downwards and is calculated relative to the movement of the surrounding fluid.
In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics. 'Sinking' is the gravitational settling of particulate matter suspended in a liquid. A sinking flux is positive downwards and is calculated relative to the movement of the surrounding fluid.
Carbon Mass Flux from Vegetation, Litter or Soil Pools into the Atmosphere Due to any Human Activity [kgC m-2 s-1]
kg m-2 s-1
Anthropogenic flux of carbon as carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. That is, emissions influenced, caused, or created by human activity. Anthropogenic emission of carbon dioxide includes fossil fuel use, cement production, agricultural burning and sources associated with anthropogenic land use change, except forest regrowth.
Deforested Biomass That Goes into Atmosphere as a Result of Anthropogenic Land-Use Change [kgC m-2 s-1]
kg m-2 s-1
When land use change results in deforestation of natural vegetation (trees or grasslands) then natural biomass is removed. The treatment of deforested biomass differs significantly across models, but it should be straight-forward to compare deforested biomass across models.
Deforested Biomass That Goes into Product Pool as a Result of Anthropogenic Land-Use Change
kg m-2 s-1
When land use change results in deforestation of natural vegetation (trees or grasslands) then natural biomass is removed. The treatment of deforested biomass differs significantly across models, but it should be straight-forward to compare deforested biomass across models.
Net Carbon Mass Flux into Atmosphere Due to Land-Use Change [kgC m-2 s-1]
kg m-2 s-1
Carbon mass flux per unit area into atmosphere due to human changes to land (excluding forest regrowth) accounting possibly for different time-scales related to fate of the wood, for example.
Carbon Transferred Directly to Atmosphere Due to any Land-Use or Land-Cover Change Activities [kgC m-2 s-1]
kg m-2 s-1
This annual mean flux refers to the transfer of carbon directly to the atmosphere due to any land- use or land-cover change activities. Include carbon transferred due to deforestation or agricultural directly into atmosphere, and emissions form anthropogenic pools into atmosphere
Carbon Harvested Due to Land-Use or Land-Cover Change Process That Enters Anthropogenic Product Pools on Tile
kg m-2 s-1
This annual mean flux refers to the transfer of carbon primarily through harvesting land use into anthropogenic product pools, e.g.,deforestation or wood harvesting from primary or secondary lands, food harvesting on croplands, harvesting (grazing) by animals on pastures.
Surface upward flux of nitrous oxide (N2O) from vegetation (any living plants e.g. trees, shrubs, grass), litter (dead plant material in or above the soil), soil.
Nitrogen Mass Flux out of Land Due to any Human Activity
kg m-2 s-1
will require some careful definition to make sure we capture everything - any human activity that releases nitrogen from land instead of into product pool goes here. E.g. Deforestation fire, harvest assumed to decompose straight away, grazing...
Lateral Transfer of Nitrogen out of Grid Cell That Eventually Goes into Ocean
kg m-2 s-1
leached nitrogen etc that goes into run off or river routing and finds its way into ocean should be reported here.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
nitrogen_mass_flux_into_soil_from_litter
Total Nitrogen Mass Flux from Litter to Soil
kg m-2 s-1
In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics. 'Litter' is dead plant material in or above the soil.
The surface called 'surface' means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. 'Upward' indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics. The phrase 'expressed_as' is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect t
Deforested or Harvested Biomass as a Result of Anthropogenic Land-Use or Change
kg m-2 s-1
When land use change results in deforestation of natural vegetation (trees or grasslands) then natural biomass is removed. The treatment of deforested biomass differs significantly across models, but it should be straight-forward to compare deforested biomass across models.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
nitrogen_mass_flux_into_litter_from_vegetation
Total Nitrogen Mass Flux from Vegetation to Litter
kg m-2 s-1
In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics. 'Litter' is dead plant material in or above the soil. 'Vegetation' means any living plants e.g. trees, shrubs, grass.
Total Nitrogen Loss to Leaching or Runoff (Sum of Ammonium, Nitrite and Nitrate)
kg m-2 s-1
In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics. The specification of a physical process by the phrase 'due_to_' process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. 'Leaching' means the loss of water soluble chemical species from soil. Runoff is the liquid water which drains from land. If not specified, 'runoff' refers to the su
Net Nitrogen Release from Soil and Litter as the Outcome of Nitrogen Immobilisation and Gross Mineralisation
kg m-2 s-1
Loss of soil nitrogen through remineralization and immobilisation. Remineralization is the degradation of organic matter into inorganic forms of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and other micronutrients, which consumes oxygen and releases energy. Immobilisation of nitrogen refers to retention of nitrogen by micro-organisms under certain conditions, making it unavailable for plants.
Decomposition out of Product Pools to CO2 in Atmosphere as Carbon Mass Flux [kgC m-2 s-1]
kg m-2 s-1
Flux of CO2 from product pools into the atmosphere. Examples of 'forestry and agricultural products' are paper, cardboard, furniture, timber for construction, biofuels and food for both humans and livestock. Models that simulate land use changes have one or more pools of carbon that represent these products in order to conserve carbon and allow its eventual release into the atmosphere, for example, when the products decompose in landfill sites.
Net Carbon Mass Flux from Wood and Agricultural Product Pools on Land Use Tile into Atmosphere [kgC m-2 s-1]
kg m-2 s-1
Flux of CO2 from product pools into the atmosphere. Examples of 'forestry and agricultural products' are paper, cardboard, furniture, timber for construction, biofuels and food for both humans and livestock. Models that simulate land use changes have one or more pools of carbon that represent these products in order to conserve carbon and allow its eventual release into the atmosphere, for example, when the products decompose in landfill sites. Produce this variable i a model has explicit anthro
Anthropogenic Heat Flux Generated from non-Renewable Human Primary Energy Consumption
W m-2
Anthropogenic heat flux generated from non-renewable human primary energy consumption, including energy use by vehicles, commercial and residential buildings, industry, and power plants. Primary energy refers to energy in natural resources, fossil and nonfossil, before conversion into other forms, such as electricity.
Surface Downward Mass Flux of Carbon-14 as 14CO2 [kgC m-2 s-1]
kg m-2 s-1
Gas exchange flux of carbon-14 as CO2 (positive into ocean)
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time
ocnBgchem
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello
water_flux_into_sea_water_from_land_ice
Water Flux into Sea Water from Land Ice
kg m-2 s-1
Computed as the water flux into the ocean due to land ice (runoff water from surface and base of land ice or melt from base of ice shelf or vertical ice front) into the ocean divided by the area ocean portion of the grid cell
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time
ocean
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello
frequency_of_lightning_flashes_per_unit_area
Lightning Flash Rate
km-2 s-1
proposed name: lightning_flash_rate (units to be interpreted as 'counts km-2 s-1)
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time
atmosChem
area: time: mean
area: areacella
area_fraction
Percentage of Grid Cell for Each Land-Use Tile
%
End of year values (not annual mean); note that percentage should be reported as percentage of land grid cell (example: frac_lnd = 0.5, frac_ocn = 0.5, frac_crop_lnd = 0.2 (of land portion of grid cell), then frac_lut(crop) = 0.5*0.2 = 0.1)
Emon
mon
longitude latitude landUse time
land
area: mean where land over all_area_types time: mean
Gross Primary Production on Land-Use Tile as Carbon Mass Flux [kgC m-2 s-1]
kg m-2 s-1
The rate of synthesis of biomass from inorganic precursors by autotrophs ('producers') expressed as the mass of carbon which it contains. For example, photosynthesis in plants or phytoplankton. The producers also respire some of this biomass and the difference is referred to as the net primary production. Reported on land-use tiles.
Carbon-13 Mass Flux out of Atmosphere Due to Gross Primary Production on Land [kgC m-2 s-1]
kg m-2 s-1
The rate of synthesis of carbon-13 in biomass from inorganic precursors by autotrophs ('producers') expressed as the mass of carbon which it contains. For example, photosynthesis in plants or phytoplankton. The producers also respire some of this biomass and the difference is referred to as the net primary production.
Carbon-14 Mass Flux out of Atmosphere Due to Gross Primary Production on Land [kgC m-2 s-1]
kg m-2 s-1
The rate of synthesis of carbon-14 in biomass from inorganic precursors by autotrophs ('producers') expressed as the mass of carbon which it contains. For example, photosynthesis in plants or phytoplankton. The producers also respire some of this biomass and the difference is referred to as the net primary production.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
area_fraction
C3 Natural Grass Area Percentage
%
Percentage of entire grid cell covered by C3 natural grass.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time typec3natg
land
area: mean where land over all_area_types time: mean
area: areacella
area_fraction
C4 Natural Grass Area Percentage
%
Percentage of entire grid cell covered by C4 natural grass.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time typec4natg
land
area: mean where land over all_area_types time: mean
area: areacella
mass_fraction_of_graupel_in_air
Graupel Mixing Ratio
1
Graupel mixing ratio
Emon
mon
longitude latitude plev27 time
atmos
time: mean
area: areacella
surface_upward_latent_heat_flux
Latent Heat Flux on Land-Use Tile
W m-2
The surface called 'surface' means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. 'Upward' indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface latent heat flux is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air on account of evaporation (including sublimation). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude landUse time
land
up
area: time: mean where sector
area: areacella
surface_upward_sensible_heat_flux
Sensible Heat Flux on Land-Use Tile
W m-2
Upward sensible heat flux on land use tiles. The surface sensible heat flux, also called turbulent heat flux, is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air by motion of air.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude landUse time
land
up
area: time: mean where sector
area: areacella
relative_humidity
Daily Minimum Near-Surface Relative Humidity over Crop Tile
%
The relative humidity with respect to liquid water for T> 0 C, and with respect to ice for T
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time height2m
atmos
area: mean where crops time: minimum within days time: mean over days
area: areacella
specific_humidity
Specific Humidity
1
Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude plev7h time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
specific_humidity
Specific Humidity
1
Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude plev27 time
atmos
time: mean
area: areacella
specific_humidity
Near-Surface Specific Humidity on Land-Use Tile
1
Normally, the specific humidity should be reported at the 2 meter height
Vertically Integrated Eastward Dry Statice Energy Transport
MJ m-1 s-1
Vertically integrated eastward dry static energy transport (cp.T +zg).v (Mass_weighted_vertical integral of the product of eastward wind by dry static_energy per mass unit)
Vertically Integrated Northward Dry Static Energy Transport
MJ m-1 s-1
Vertically integrated northward dry static energy transport (cp.T +zg).v (Mass_weighted_vertical integral of the product of northward wind by dry static_energy per mass unit)
Vertically Integrated Northward Moisture Transport
kg m-1 s-1
Vertically integrated Northward moisture transport (Mass_weighted_vertical integral of the product of northward wind by total water mass per unit mass)
Irrigation Flux Including any Irrigation for Crops, Trees, Pasture, or Urban Lawns
kg m-2 s-1
Mass flux of water due to irrigation.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude landUse time
land
down
area: time: mean where sector
area: areacella
cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer
MODIS Joint Distribution of Optical Thickness and Particle Size, Ice
%
Joint probability distribution function, giving probability of cloud as a function of optical thickness and particle size, as measured by MODIS. For cloud ice particles.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude effectRadIc tau time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer
MODIS Optical Thickness-Particle Size Joint Distribution, Liquid
%
Joint probability distribution function, giving probability of cloud as a function of optical thickness and particle size, as measured by MODIS. For liquid cloud particles.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude effectRadLi tau time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
leaf_area_index
Leaf Area Index on Land-Use Tile
1
A ratio obtained by dividing the total upper leaf surface area of vegetation by the (horizontal) surface area of the land on which it grows.
All-Sky Surface Longwave Radiative Flux Due to Dust
W m-2
The direct radiative effect refers to the instantaneous radiative impact on the Earth's energy balance, excluding secondary effects such as changes in cloud cover.
Clear-Sky Surface Longwave Radiative Flux Due to Dust
W m-2
The direct radiative effect refers to the instantaneous radiative impact on the Earth's energy balance, excluding secondary effects such as changes in cloud cover. Calculating in clear-sky conditions.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
toa_instantaneous_longwave_forcing
TOA All-Sky Longwave Radiative Forcing Due to Dust
W m-2
Instantaneous forcing is the radiative flux change caused instantaneously by an imposed change in radiative forcing agent (greenhouse gases, aerosol, solar radiation, etc.).
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
toa_instantaneous_longwave_forcing
TOA Clear-Sky Longwave Radiative Forcing Due to Aerosols
W m-2
Instantaneous forcing is the radiative flux change caused instantaneously by an imposed change in radiative forcing agent (greenhouse gases, aerosol, solar radiation, etc.).
TOA Clear-Sky Longwave Radiative Forcing Due to Dust
W m-2
The direct radiative effect refers to the instantaneous radiative impact on the Earth's energy balance, excluding secondary effects such as changes in cloud cover.
Dry mass fraction of nitrate aerosol particles in air.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time
aerosol
area: time: mean
area: areacella
liquid_water_content_of_soil_layer
Soil Liquid Water Content
kg m-2
The mass (summed over all all layers) of liquid water.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
runoff_flux
Total Runoff from Land-Use Tile
kg m-2 s-1
the total runoff (including 'drainage' through the base of the soil model) leaving the land use tile portion of the grid cell
Emon
mon
longitude latitude landUse time
land
area: time: mean where sector
area: areacella
frozen_water_content_of_soil_layer
Frozen Water Content of Soil Layer
kg m-2
in each soil layer, the mass of water in ice phase. Reported as 'missing' for grid cells occupied entirely by 'sea'
Emon
mon
longitude latitude sdepth time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
liquid_water_content_of_soil_layer
Liquid Water Content of Soil Layer
kg m-2
in each soil layer, the mass of water in liquid phase. Reported as 'missing' for grid cells occupied entirely by 'sea'
Emon
mon
longitude latitude sdepth time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
mass_content_of_water_in_soil
Total Soil Moisture
kg m-2
'Water' means water in all phases. 'Content' indicates a quantity per unit area. The mass content of water in soil refers to the vertical integral from the surface down to the bottom of the soil model. For the content between specified levels in the soil, standard names including 'content_of_soil_layer' are used.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude landUse time
land
area: time: mean where sector
area: areacella
mass_content_of_water_in_soil_layer
Total Water Content of Soil Layer
kg m-2
in each soil layer, the mass of water in all phases, including ice. Reported as 'missing' for grid cells occupied entirely by 'sea'
Emon
mon
longitude latitude sdepth time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
mass_content_of_water_in_soil_layer
Moisture in Upper Portion of Soil Column of Land-Use Tile
kg m-2
the mass of water in all phases in a thin surface layer; integrate over uppermost 10cm
Emon
mon
longitude latitude landUse time sdepth1
land
area: time: mean where sector
area: areacella
land_water_amount
Terrestrial Water Storage
kg m-2
Mass of water in all phases and in all components including soil, canopy, vegetation, ice sheets, rivers and ground water.
Report missing data over ocean grid cells. For fractional land report value averaged over the land fraction.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
leaf_mass_content_of_nitrogen
Nitrogen Mass in Leaves
kg m-2
'Content' indicates a quantity per unit area.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
litter_mass_content_of_nitrogen
Nitrogen Mass in Litter Pool
kg m-2
Report missing data over ocean grid cells. For fractional land report value averaged over the land fraction.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
wood_debris_mass_content_of_nitrogen
Nitrogen Mass in Coarse Woody Debris
kg m-2
'Content' indicates a quantity per unit area. 'Wood debris' means dead organic matter composed of coarse wood. It is distinct from fine litter. The precise distinction between 'fine' and 'coarse' is model dependent. The sum of the quantities with standard names wood_debris_mass_content_of_nitrogen, surface_litter_mass_content_of_nitrogen and subsurface_litter_mass_content_of_nitrogen is the total nitrogen mass content of dead plant material.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
subsurface_litter_mass_content_of_nitrogen
Nitrogen Mass in Below-Ground Litter (non CWD)
kg m-2
'Content' indicates a quantity per unit area. 'Litter' is dead plant material in or above the soil. It is distinct from coarse wood debris. The precise distinction between 'fine' and 'coarse' is model dependent. 'Subsurface litter' means the part of the litter mixed within the soil below the surface. The sum of the quantities with standard names wood_debris_mass_content_of_nitrogen, surface_litter_mass_content_of_nitrogen and subsurface_litter_mass_content_of_nitrogen is the total nitrogen mass
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
surface_litter_mass_content_of_nitrogen
Nitrogen Mass in Above-Ground Litter (non CWD)
kg m-2
'Content' indicates a quantity per unit area. 'Litter' is dead plant material in or above the soil. It is distinct from coarse wood debris. The precise distinction between 'fine' and 'coarse' is model dependent. 'Surface litter' means the part of the litter resting above the soil surface. The sum of the quantities with standard names wood_debris_mass_content_of_nitrogen, surface_litter_mass_content_of_nitrogen and subsurface_litter_mass_content_of_nitrogen is the total nitrogen mass content of d
Net Carbon Mass Flux into Land-Use Tile [kgC m-2 s-1]
kg m-2 s-1
Computed as npp minus heterotrophic respiration minus fire minus C leaching minus harvesting/clearing. Positive rate is into the land, negative rate is from the land. Do not include fluxes from anthropogenic product pools to atmosphere
Net Carbon Mass Flux out of Atmosphere Due to Net Ecosystem Productivity on Land [kgC m-2 s-1]
kg m-2 s-1
Natural flux of CO2 (expressed as a mass flux of carbon) from the atmosphere to the land calculated as the difference between uptake associated will photosynthesis and the release of CO2 from the sum of plant and soil respiration and fire. Positive flux is into the land. Emissions from natural fires and human ignition fires as calculated by the fire module of the dynamic vegetation model, but excluding any CO2 flux from fire included in fLuc (CO2 Flux to Atmosphere from Land Use Change).
Net Mass Flux of 13C Between Atmosphere and Land (Positive into Land) as a Result of All Processes [kgC m-2 s-1]
kg m-2 s-1
Flux of carbon 31as carbon dioxide into the land. This flux should be reproducible by differencing the sum of all carbon pools (cVeg, cLitter, cSoil, and cProducts or equivalently cLand) from one time step to the next, except in the case of lateral transfer of carbon due to harvest, riverine transport of dissolved organic and/or inorganic carbon, or any other process (in which case the lateral_carbon_transfer_over_land term, see below, will be zero data).-
Net Mass Flux of 14C Between Atmosphere and Land (Positive into Land) as a Result of All Processes [kgC m-2 s-1]
kg m-2 s-1
Flux of carbon-14 as carbon dioxide into the land. This flux should be reproducible by differencing the sum of all carbon pools (cVeg, cLitter, cSoil, and cProducts or equivalently cLand) from one time step to the next, except in the case of lateral transfer of carbon due to harvest, riverine transport of dissolved organic and/or inorganic carbon, or any other process (in which case the lateral_carbon_transfer_over_land term, see below, will be zero data).
Net Flux of CO2 Between Atmosphere and Land (Positive into Land) as a Result of All Processes [kgC m-2 s-1]
kg m-2 s-1
Flux of carbon as carbon dioxide into the land. This flux should be reproducible by differencing the sum of all carbon pools (cVeg, cLitter, cSoil, and cProducts or equivalently cLand) from one time step to the next, except in the case of lateral transfer of carbon due to harvest, riverine transport of dissolved organic and/or inorganic carbon, or any other process (in which case the lateral_carbon_transfer_over_land term, see below, will be zero data).
Net Primary Production on Land-Use Tile as Carbon Mass Flux [kgC m-2 s-1]
kg m-2 s-1
'Production of carbon' means the production of biomass expressed as the mass of carbon which it contains. Net primary production is the excess of gross primary production (rate of synthesis of biomass from inorganic precursors) by autotrophs ('producers'), for example, photosynthesis in plants or phytoplankton, over the rate at which the autotrophs themselves respire some of this biomass. 'Productivity' means production per unit area. The phrase 'expressed_as' is used in the construction A_expre
Tendency of Sea Water Conservative Temperature Expressed as Heat Content Due to Parameterized Dianeutral Mixing
W m-2
Tendency of heat content for a grid cell from parameterized dianeutral mixing. Reported only for models that use conservative temperature as prognostic field.
Depth Integral of Product of Sea Water Density and Conservative Temperature
degC kg m-2
Full column sum of density*cell thickness*conservative temperature. If the model is Boussinesq, then use Boussinesq reference density for the density factor.
Tendency of Sea Water Conservative Temperature Expressed as Heat Content Due to Parameterized Eddy Advection
W m-2
Tendency of heat content for a grid cell from parameterized eddy advection (any form of eddy advection). Reported only for models that use conservative temperature as prognostic field.
Tendency of Sea Water Conservative Temperature Expressed as Heat Content Due to Parameterized Mesoscale Diffusion
W m-2
Tendency of heat content for a grid cell from parameterized mesoscale eddy diffusion. Reported only for models that use conservative temperature as prognostic field.
Tendency of Sea Water Conservative Temperature Expressed as Heat Content Due to Parameterized Submesoscale Advection
W m-2
Tendency of heat content for a grid cell from parameterized submesoscale eddy advection. Reported only for models that use conservative temperature as prognostic field.
Tendency of Sea Water Conservative Temperature Expressed as Heat Content Due to Residual Mean Advection
W m-2
Conservative Temperature is defined as part of the Thermodynamic Equation of Seawater 2010 (TEOS-10) which was adopted in 2010 by the International Oceanographic Commission (IOC). The phrase 'residual mean advection' refers to the sum of the model's resolved advective transport plus any parameterized advective transport. Parameterized advective transport includes processes such as parameterized mesoscale and submesoscale transport, as well as any other advectively parameterized transport. When t
Tendency of Sea Water Potential Temperature Expressed as Heat Content Due to Parameterized Dianeutral Mixing
W m-2
Tendency of heat content for a grid cell from parameterized dianeutral mixing. Reported only for models that use potential temperature as prognostic field.
Tendency of Sea Water Potential Temperature Expressed as Heat Content Due to Parameterized Eddy Advection
W m-2
Tendency of heat content for a grid cell from parameterized eddy advection (any form of eddy advection). Reported only for models that use potential temperature as prognostic field.
Tendency of Sea Water Potential Temperature Expressed as Heat Content Due to Parameterized Mesoscale Diffusion
W m-2
Tendency of heat content for a grid cell from parameterized mesoscale eddy diffusion. Reported only for models that use potential temperature as prognostic field.
Tendency of Sea Water Potential Temperature Expressed as Heat Content Due to Parameterized Submesoscale Advection
W m-2
Tendency of heat content for a grid cell from parameterized submesoscale eddy advection. Reported only for models that use potential temperature as prognostic field.
Tendency of Sea Water Potential Temperature Expressed as Heat Content Due to Residual Mean Advection
W m-2
The phrase 'residual mean advection' refers to the sum of the model's resolved advective transport plus any parameterized advective transport. Parameterized advective transport includes processes such as parameterized mesoscale and submesoscale transport, as well as any other advectively parameterized transport. When the parameterized advective transport is represented in the model as a skew- diffusion rather than an advection, then the parameterized skew diffusion should be included in this dia
Tendency of Sea Water Potential Temperature Expressed as Heat Content
W m-2
Tendency of heat content for a grid cell from all processes. Reported only for models that use potential temperature as prognostic field.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude olevel time
ocean
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello volume: volcello
surface_altitude
Surface Altitude
m
The surface called 'surface' means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. Altitude is the (geometric) height above the geoid, which is the reference geopotential surface. The geoid is similar to mean sea level.
Tendency of Sea Water Salinity Expressed as Salt Content Due to Residual Mean Advection
kg m-2 s-1
The phrase 'residual mean advection' refers to the sum of the model's resolved advective transport plus any parameterized advective transport. Parameterized advective transport includes processes such as parameterized mesoscale and submesoscale transport, as well as any other advectively parameterized transport. When the parameterized advective transport is represented in the model as a skew- diffusion rather than an advection, then the parameterized skew diffusion should be included in this dia
Tendency of Sea Water Salinity Expressed as Salt Content
kg m-2 s-1
Tendency of salt content for a grid cell from all processes.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude olevel time
ocean
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello volume: volcello
sea_water_added_conservative_temperature
Sea Water Added Conservative Temperature
degC
A passive tracer in an ocean model whose surface flux does not come from the atmosphere but is imposed externally upon the simulated climate system. The surface flux is expressed as a heat flux and converted to a passive tracer increment as if it were a heat flux being added to conservative temperature. The passive tracer is transported within the ocean as if it were conservative temperature. The passive tracer is zero in the control climate of the model.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude olevel time
ocean
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello volume: volcello
toa_bidirectional_reflectance
PARASOL Reflectance
1
Simulated reflectance from PARASOL as seen at the top of the atmosphere for 5 solar zenith angles. Valid only over ocean and for one viewing direction (viewing zenith angle of 30 degrees and relative azimuth angle 320 degrees).
Emon
mon
longitude latitude sza5 time
atmos
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacella
area_fraction
C3 Pasture Area Percentage
%
Percentage of entire grid cell covered by C3 pasture
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time typec3pastures
land
area: mean where land over all_area_types time: mean
area: areacella
area_fraction
C4 Pasture Area Percentage
%
Percentage of entire grid cell covered by C4 pasture
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time typec4pastures
land
area: mean where land over all_area_types time: mean
area: areacella
sea_water_added_potential_temperature
Sea Water Additional Potential Temperature
degC
The quantity with standard name sea_water_added_potential_temperature is a passive tracer in an ocean model whose surface flux does not come from the atmosphere but is imposed externally upon the simulated climate system. The surface flux is expressed as a heat flux and converted to a passive tracer increment as if it were a heat flux being added to potential temperature. The passive tracer is transported within the ocean as if it were potential temperature. The passive tracer is zero in the con
Net Primary Mole Productivity of Carbon by Picophytoplankton
mol m-3 s-1
Primary (organic carbon) production by the picophytoplankton (
Emon
mon
longitude latitude olevel time
ocnBgchem
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello volume: volcello
precipitation_flux_containing_17O
Precipitation Flux of Water Containing Oxygen-17 (H2 17O)
kg m-2 s-1
Precipitation mass flux of water molecules that contain the oxygen-17 isotope (H2 17O), including solid and liquid phases.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
precipitation_flux_containing_18O
Precipitation Flux of Water Containing Oxygen-18 (H2 18O)
kg m-2 s-1
Precipitation mass flux of water molecules that contain the oxygen-18 isotope (H2 18O), including solid and liquid phases.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
precipitation_flux_containing_single_2H
Precipitation Flux of Water Containing Deuterium (1H 2H O)
kg m-2 s-1
Precipitation mass flux of water molecules that contain one atom of the hydrogen-2 isotope (1H 2H O), including solid and liquid phases.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
precipitation_flux
Precipitation over Crop Tile
kg m-2 s-1
includes both liquid and solid phases
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean where crops (comment: mask=cropFrac)
area: areacella
sea_water_redistributed_conservative_temperature
Sea Water Redistributed Conservative Temperature
degC
A passive tracer in an ocean model which is subject to an externally imposed perturbative surface heat flux. The passive tracer is initialised to the conservative temperature in the control climate before the perturbation is imposed. Its surface flux is the heat flux from the atmosphere, not including the imposed perturbation, and is converted to a passive tracer increment as if it were being added to conservative temperature. The passive tracer is transported within the ocean as if it were cons
Emon
mon
longitude latitude olevel time
ocean
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello volume: volcello
precipitation_flux
Maximum Hourly Precipitation Rate
kg m-2 s-1
In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: mean time: mean within hours time: maximum over hours
area: areacella
solid_precipitation_flux_containing_17O
Precipitation Flux of Snow and Ice Containing Oxygen-17 (H2 17O)
kg m-2 s-1
Precipitation mass flux of water molecules that contain the oxygen-17 isotope (H2 17O), including solid phase only.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
solid_precipitation_flux_containing_18O
Precipitation Flux of Snow and Ice Containing Oxygen-18 (H2 18O)
kg m-2 s-1
Precipitation mass flux of water molecules that contain the oxygen-18 isotope (H2 18O), including solid phase only.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
solid_precipitation_flux_containing_single_2H
Precipitation Flux of Snow and Ice Containing Deuterium (1H 2H O)
kg m-2 s-1
Precipitation mass flux of water molecules that contain one atom of the hydrogen-2 isotope (1H 2H O), including solid phase only.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
sea_water_redistributed_potential_temperature
Sea Water Redistributed Potential Temperature
degC
A passive tracer in an ocean model which is subject to an externally imposed perturbative surface heat flux. The passive tracer is initialised to the potential temperature in the control climate before the perturbation is imposed. Its surface flux is the heat flux from the atmosphere, not including the imposed perturbation, and is converted to a passive tracer increment as if it were being added to potential temperature. The passive tracer is transported within the ocean as if it were potential
Autotrophic Respiration on Land-Use Tile as Carbon Mass Flux [kgC m-2 s-1]
kg m-2 s-1
Carbon mass flux per unit area into atmosphere due to autotrophic respiration on land (respiration by producers) [see rh for heterotrophic production]. Calculated on land-use tiles.
Total Respiration from Roots as Carbon Mass Flux [kgC m-2 s-1]
kg m-2 s-1
Total autotrophic respiration from all belowground plant parts. This has benchmarking value because the sum of Rh and root respiration can be compared to observations of total soil respiration.
Carbon-13 Mass Flux into Atmosphere Due to Autotrophic (Plant) Respiration on Land [kgC m-2 s-1]
kg m-2 s-1
Flux of carbon-13 into the atmosphere due to plant respiration. Plant respiration is the sum of respiration by parts of plants both above and below the soil. It is assumed that all the respired carbon dioxide is emitted to the atmosphere.
Carbon-14 Mass Flux into Atmosphere Due to Autotrophic (Plant) Respiration on Land [kgC m-2 s-1]
kg m-2 s-1
Flux of carbon-14 into the atmosphere due to plant respiration. Plant respiration is the sum of respiration by parts of plants both above and below the soil. It is assumed that all the respired carbon dioxide is emitted to the atmosphere.
Hydrometeor Effective Radius of Convective Cloud Ice
m
This is defined as the in-cloud ratio of the third moment over the second moment of the particle size distribution (obtained by considering only the cloudy portion of the grid cell).
Hydrometeor Effective Radius of Stratiform Cloud Ice
m
This is defined as the in-cloud ratio of the third moment over the second moment of the particle size distribution (obtained by considering only the cloudy portion of the grid cell).
Droplets are liquid. The effective radius is defined as the ratio of the third moment over the second moment of the particle size distribution and the time-mean should be calculated, weighting the individual samples by the cloudy fraction of the grid cell.
Droplets are liquid. The effective radius is defined as the ratio of the third moment over the second moment of the particle size distribution and the time-mean should be calculated, weighting the individual samples by the cloudy fraction of the grid cell.
Carbon-13 Mass Flux into Atmosphere Due to Heterotrophic Respiration on Land [kgC m-2 s-1]
kg m-2 s-1
Heterotrophic respiration is respiration by heterotrophs ('consumers'), which are organisms (including animals and decomposers) that consume other organisms or dead organic material, rather than synthesising organic material from inorganic precursors using energy from the environment (especially sunlight) as autotrophs ('producers') do. Heterotrophic respiration goes on within both the soil and litter pools.
Carbon-14 Mass Flux into Atmosphere Due to Heterotrophic Respiration on Land [kgC m-2 s-1]
kg m-2 s-1
Heterotrophic respiration is respiration by heterotrophs ('consumers'), which are organisms (including animals and decomposers) that consume other organisms or dead organic material, rather than synthesising organic material from inorganic precursors using energy from the environment (especially sunlight) as autotrophs ('producers') do. Heterotrophic respiration goes on within both the soil and litter pools.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
surface_net_downward_longwave_flux
Net Longwave Surface Radiation
W m-2
Net longwave surface radiation
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time
atmos
down
area: time: mean
area: areacella
surface_upwelling_longwave_flux_in_air
Surface Upwelling Longwave on Land-Use Tile
W m-2
The surface called 'surface' means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. 'longwave' means longwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean 'net upward'. When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called 'irradiance'. In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called 'vector irradiance'. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit
Net Rate of Absorption of Shortwave Energy in Ocean Layer
W m-2
'shortwave' means shortwave radiation. 'Layer' means any layer with upper and lower boundaries that have constant values in some vertical coordinate. There must be a vertical coordinate variable indicating the extent of the layer(s). If the layers are model layers, the vertical coordinate can be model_level_number, but it is recommended to specify a physical coordinate (in a scalar or auxiliary coordinate variable) as well. Net absorbed radiation is the difference between absorbed and emitted ra
Surface downwelling solar irradiance from diffuse radiation for UV calculations in clear sky conditions
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time
atmos
down
area: time: mean
area: areacella
surface_diffuse_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air
Surface Diffuse Downwelling Shortwave Radiation
W m-2
Surface downwelling solar irradiance from diffuse radiation for UV calculations.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time
atmos
down
area: time: mean
area: areacella
surface_net_downward_shortwave_flux
Net Shortwave Surface Radiation
W m-2
Net downward shortwave radiation at the surface
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time
atmos
down
area: time: mean
area: areacella
surface_upwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air
Surface Upwelling Shortwave on Land-Use Tile
W m-2
The surface called 'surface' means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. 'shortwave' means shortwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean 'net upward'. When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called 'irradiance'. In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called 'vector irradiance'. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per un
Depth Integral of Product of Sea Water Density and Prognostic Salinity
g m-2
Full column sum of density*cell thickness*prognostic salinity. If the model is Boussinesq, then use Boussinesq reference density for the density factor.
Ratio of abundance of hydrogen-2 (2H) atoms to hydrogen-1 (1H) atoms in sea water
Emon
mon
longitude latitude olevel time
ocean
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello volume: volcello
lwe_thickness_of_surface_snow_amount
Snow Water Equivalent on Land-Use Tile
m
The surface called 'surface' means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. 'lwe' means liquid water equivalent. 'Amount' means mass per unit area. The construction lwe_thickness_of_X_amount or _content means the vertical extent of a layer of liquid water having the same mass per unit area. Surface amount refers to the amount on the ground, excluding that on the plant or vegetation canopy.
All-Sky Surface Shortwave Radiative Flux Due to Dust
W m-2
The direct radiative effect refers to the instantaneous radiative impact on the Earth's energy balance, excluding secondary effects such as changes in cloud cover.
Clear-Sky Surface Shortwave Radiative Flux Due to Dust
W m-2
The direct radiative effect refers to the instantaneous radiative impact on the Earth's energy balance, excluding secondary effects such as changes in cloud cover. Calculated in clear-sky conditions.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
toa_instantaneous_shortwave_forcing
All-Sky Shortwave Flux Due to Dust at Toa
W m-2
Instantaneous forcing is the radiative flux change caused instantaneously by an imposed change in radiative forcing agent (greenhouse gases, aerosol, solar radiation, etc.).
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
toa_instantaneous_shortwave_forcing
Clear Sky Shortwave Flux Due to Dust at Toa
W m-2
Instantaneous forcing is the radiative flux change caused instantaneously by an imposed change in radiative forcing agent (greenhouse gases, aerosol, solar radiation, etc.).
This quantity, sometimes called the 'isotherm depth', is the depth (if it exists) at which the sea water potential temperature equals some specified value. This value should be specified in a scalar coordinate variable. Depth is the vertical distance below the surface. Potential temperature is the temperature a parcel of air or sea water would have if moved adiabatically to sea level pressure.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time
ocean
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello
soil_pool_carbon_decay_rate
Turnover Rate of Each Model Soil Carbon Pool
s-1
defined as 1/(turnover time) for each soil pool. Use the same pools reported under cSoilPools
Emon
mon
longitude latitude soilpools time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
air_temperature
Air Temperature
K
Air Temperature
Emon
mon
longitude latitude plev27 time
atmos
time: mean
area: areacella
air_temperature
Near-Surface Air Temperature on Land Use Tile
K
Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude landUse time height2m
land
area: time: mean where sector
area: areacella
air_temperature
Daily Maximum Near-Surface Air Temperature over Crop Tile
K
maximum near-surface (usually, 2 meter) air temperature (add cell_method attribute 'time: max')
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time height2m
atmos
area: mean where crops time: maximum within days time: mean over days
area: areacella
air_temperature
Daily Minimum Near-Surface Air Temperature over Crop Tile
K
minimum near-surface (usually, 2 meter) air temperature (add cell_method attribute 'time: min')
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time height2m
atmos
area: mean where crops time: minimum within days time: mean over days
area: areacella
dew_point_temperature
2m Dewpoint Temperature
K
Dew point temperature is the temperature at which a parcel of air reaches saturation upon being cooled at constant pressure and specific humidity.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
sea_water_potential_temperature
Vertically Averaged Sea Water Potential Temperature
degC
Vertical average of the sea water potential temperature through the whole ocean depth
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time
ocean
area: depth: time: mean
area: areacello
sea_water_potential_temperature
Depth Average Potential Temperature of Upper 2000m
Tendency of Specific Humidity Due to Stratiform Clouds and Precipitation
s-1
The phrase 'tendency_of_X' means derivative of X with respect to time. 'Specific' means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air. The specification of a physical process by the phrase 'due_to_' process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. A variable with the standard name of tendency_of_specific_humid ity_due_to_stratiform_cloud_and_precipitation should
Emon
mon
longitude latitude alevel time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
tendency_of_air_temperature_due_to_diffusion
Tendency of Air Temperature Due to Numerical Diffusion
K s-1
This includes any horizontal or vertical numerical temperature diffusion not associated with the parametrized moist physics or the resolved dynamics. For example, any vertical diffusion which is part of the boundary layer mixing scheme should be excluded, as should any diffusion which is included in the terms from the resolved dynamics. This term is required to check the closure of the temperature budget.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude alevel time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
tendency_of_air_temperature_due_to_model_physics
Tendency of Air Temperature Due to Model Physics
K s-1
Tendency of air temperature due to model physics. This includes sources and sinks from parametrized physics (e.g. radiation, convection, boundary layer, stratiform condensation/evaporation, etc.). It excludes sources and sinks from resolved dynamics and numerical diffusion not associated with parametrized physics. For example, any vertical diffusion which is part of the boundary layer mixing scheme should be included, while numerical diffusion applied in addition to physics or resolved dynamics
Tendency of Air Temperature Due to Stratiform Clouds and Precipitation
K s-1
The phrase 'tendency_of_X' means derivative of X with respect to time. Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. The specification of a physical process by the phrase 'due_to_' process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. A variable with the standard name tendency_of_air_temperature_due_to_stratiform_c loud_and_precipitation should contain net latent
Emon
mon
longitude latitude alevel time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
area_fraction
Broadleaf Deciduous Tree Area Percentage
%
This is the percentage of the entire grid cell that is covered by broadleaf deciduous trees.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time typetreebd
land
area: mean where land over all_area_types time: mean
area: areacella
area_fraction
Broadleaf Evergreen Tree Area Percentage
%
This is the percentage of the entire grid cell that is covered by broadleaf evergreen trees.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time typetreebe
land
area: mean where land over all_area_types time: mean
area: areacella
area_fraction
Needleleaf Deciduous Tree Area Percentage
%
This is the percentage of the entire grid cell that is covered by needleleaf deciduous trees.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time typetreend
land
area: mean where land over all_area_types time: mean
area: areacella
area_fraction
Needleleaf Evergreen Tree Area Percentage
%
This is the percentage of the entire grid cell that is covered by needleleaf evergreen trees.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time typetreene
land
area: mean where land over all_area_types time: mean
area: areacella
surface_temperature
Surface Temperature on Landuse Tile
K
Surface temperature (i.e. temperature at which long- wave radiation emitted)
Northward Acceleration Due to Non-Orographic Gravity Wave Drag
m s-2
Tendency of the northward wind by parameterized nonorographic gravity waves. (Note that CF name tables only have a general northward tendency for all gravity waves, and we need it separated by type.)
Northward Acceleration Due to Orographic Gravity Wave Drag
m s-2
Tendency of the northward wind by parameterized orographic gravity waves. (Note that CF name tables only have a general northward tendency for all gravity waves, and we need it separated by type.)
Net upward flux of methane (NH4) from wetlands (areas where water covers the soil, or is present either at or near the surface of the soil all year or for varying periods of time during the year, including during the growing season).
Grid Averaged Methane Consumption (Methanotrophy) from Wetlands
kg m-2 s-1
Biological consumption (methanotrophy) of methane (NH4) by wetlands (areas where water covers the soil, or is present either at or near the surface of the soil all year or for varying periods of time during the year, including during the growing season).
Grid Averaged Methane Production (Methanogenesis) from Wetlands
kg m-2 s-1
Biological emissions (methanogenesis) of methane (NH4) from wetlands (areas where water covers the soil, or is present either at or near the surface of the soil all year or for varying periods of time during the year, including during the growing season).
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
area_fraction
Wetland Percentage Cover
%
Percentage of grid cell covered by wetland. Report only one year if fixed percentage is used, or time series if values are determined dynamically.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude time typewetla
land
area: mean where land over all_area_types time: mean
area: areacella
water_table_depth
Water Table Depth
m
Depth is the vertical distance below the surface. The water table is the surface below which the soil is saturated with water such that all pore spaces are filled.
Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy. Geopotential height is the geopotential divided by the standard acceleration due to gravity. It is numerically similar to the altitude (or geometric height) and not to the quantity with standard name height, which is relative to the surface.
Emon
mon
longitude latitude plev27 time
atmos
time: mean
area: areacella
northward_eliassen_palm_flux_in_air
Northward Component of the Eliassen-Palm Flux
m3 s-2
Transformed Eulerian Mean Diagnostics Meridional component Fy of Eliassen-Palm (EP) flux (Fy, Fz) derived from 6hr or higher frequency fields (use daily fields or 12 hr fields if the 6 hr are not available). Please use the definitions given by equation 3.5.3a of Andrews, Holton and Leovy text book, but scaled by density to have units m3 s-2.
EmonZ
mon
latitude plev39 time
atmos
longitude: mean time: mean
upward_eliassen_palm_flux_in_air
Upward Component of the Eliassen-Palm Flux
m3 s-2
Transformed Eulerian Mean Diagnostics Meridional component Fz of the Eliassen-Palm (EP) flux (Fy, Fz) derived from 6hr or higher frequency fields (use daily fields or 12 hr fields if the 6 hr are not available). Please use the definitions given by equation 3.5.3b of Andrews, Holton and Leovy text book, but scaled by density to have units m3 s-2.
EmonZ
mon
latitude plev39 time
atmos
up
longitude: mean time: mean
photolysis_rate_of_molecular_oxygen
Photolysis Rate of Diatomic Molecular Oxygen
s-1
Rate of photolysis of molecular oxygen to atomic oxygen (o2 -> o1d+o)
EmonZ
mon
latitude plev39 time
atmos
longitude: mean time: mean
photolysis_rate_of_ozone
Photolysis Rate of Ozone (O3)
s-1
Sum of photolysis rates o3 -> o1d+o2 and o3 -> o+o2
total production rate of o+o1d+o3 including o2 photolysis and all o3 producing reactions
EmonZ
mon
latitude plev39 time
atmosChem
longitude: mean time: mean
northward_ocean_salt_transport
Northward Ocean Salt Transport
kg s-1
function of latitude, basin
EmonZ
mon
latitude basin time
ocean
longitude: sum (comment: basin sum [along zig-zag grid path]) depth: sum time: mean
tendency_of_air_temperature_due_to_convection
Tendency of Air Temperature Due to Convection
K s-1
Tendencies from cumulus convection scheme.
EmonZ
mon
latitude plev39 time
atmos
longitude: mean time: mean
tendency_of_air_temperature_due_to_model_physics
Tendency of Air Temperature Due to Model Physics
K s-1
Tendency of air temperature due to model physics. This includes sources and sinks from parametrized physics (e.g. radiation, convection, boundary layer, stratiform condensation/evaporation, etc.). It excludes sources and sinks from resolved dynamics and numerical diffusion not associated with parametrized physics. For example, any vertical diffusion which is part of the boundary layer mixing scheme should be included, while numerical diffusion applied in addition to physics or resolved dynamics
Tendency of Air Temperature Due to Stratiform Clouds and Precipitation
K s-1
The phrase 'tendency_of_X' means derivative of X with respect to time. Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. The specification of a physical process by the phrase 'due_to_' process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. A variable with the standard name tendency_of_air_temperature_due_to_stratiform_c loud_and_precipitation should contain net latent
Eastward Acceleration Due to Non-Orographic Gravity Wave Drag
m s-2
Tendency of the eastward wind by parameterized nonorographic gravity waves.
EmonZ
mon
latitude plev39 time
atmos
longitude: mean time: mean
mole_fraction_of_ox_in_air
Mole Fraction of Odd Oxygen (O, O3 and O1D)
mol mol-1
Mole Fraction of Ox
EmonZ
mon
latitude plev39 time
atmosChem
longitude: mean time: mean
northward_transformed_eulerian_mean_air_velocity
Transformed Eulerian Mean Northward Wind
m s-1
Transformed Eulerian Mean Diagnostics v*, meridional component of the residual meridional circulation (v*, w*) derived from 6 hr or higher frequency data fields (use instantaneous daily fields or 12 hr fields if the 6 hr data are not available).
Northward Acceleration Due to Non-Orographic Gravity Wave Drag
m s-2
Tendency of the northward wind by parameterized nonorographic gravity waves. (Note that CF name tables only have a general northward tendency for all gravity waves, and we need it separated by type.)
EmonZ
mon
latitude plev39 time
atmos
longitude: mean time: mean
upward_transformed_eulerian_mean_air_velocity
Transformed Eulerian Mean Upward Wind
m s-1
Transformed Eulerian Mean Diagnostics w*, upward component of the residual meridional circulation (v*, w*) derived from 6 hr or higher frequency data fields (use instantaneous daily fields or 12 hr fields if the 6 hr data are not available). Scale height: 6950 m
The diabatic heating rates due to all the processes that may change potential temperature
EmonZ
mon
latitude plev39 time
atmos
longitude: mean time: mean
atmosphere_boundary_layer_thickness
Boundary Layer Depth
m
Boundary layer depth
Esubhr
subhrPt
longitude latitude time1
aerosol
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
surface_upward_latent_heat_flux
Surface Upward Latent Heat Flux
W m-2
The surface called 'surface' means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. 'Upward' indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface latent heat flux is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air on account of evaporation (including sublimation). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics.
Esubhr
subhrPt
longitude latitude time1
atmos
up
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
surface_upward_sensible_heat_flux
Surface Upward Sensible Heat Flux
W m-2
The surface sensible heat flux, also called turbulent heat flux, is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air by motion of air.
Esubhr
subhrPt
longitude latitude time1
atmos
up
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
specific_humidity
Specific Humidity
1
Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.
Esubhr
subhrPt
longitude latitude alevel time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
specific_humidity
Near-Surface Specific Humidity
1
Near-surface (usually, 2 meter) specific humidity.
Esubhr
subhrPt
longitude latitude time1 height2m
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
atmosphere_net_upward_convective_mass_flux
Convective Mass Flux
kg m-2 s-1
The net mass flux should represent the difference between the updraft and downdraft components. The flux is computed as the mass divided by the area of the grid cell.
Esubhr
subhrPt
longitude latitude alevel time1
atmos
up
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
precipitation_flux
Precipitation
kg m-2 s-1
includes both liquid and solid phases
Esubhr
subhrPt
longitude latitude time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
convective_precipitation_flux
Convective Precipitation
kg m-2 s-1
Convective precipitation at surface; includes both liquid and solid phases.
Esubhr
subhrPt
longitude latitude time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
atmosphere_mass_content_of_water_vapor
Water Vapor Path
kg m-2
vertically integrated through the atmospheric column
Esubhr
subhrPt
longitude latitude time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
surface_air_pressure
Surface Air Pressure
Pa
surface pressure (not mean sea-level pressure), 2-D field to calculate the 3-D pressure field from hybrid coordinates
Hydrometeor Effective Radius of Convective Cloud Ice
m
This is defined as the in-cloud ratio of the third moment over the second moment of the particle size distribution (obtained by considering only the cloudy portion of the grid cell).
Hydrometeor Effective Radius of Stratiform Cloud Ice
m
This is defined as the in-cloud ratio of the third moment over the second moment of the particle size distribution (obtained by considering only the cloudy portion of the grid cell).
Droplets are liquid. The effective radius is defined as the ratio of the third moment over the second moment of the particle size distribution and the time-mean should be calculated, weighting the individual samples by the cloudy fraction of the grid cell.
Droplets are liquid. The effective radius is defined as the ratio of the third moment over the second moment of the particle size distribution and the time-mean should be calculated, weighting the individual samples by the cloudy fraction of the grid cell.
Esubhr
subhrPt
alevel site time1
atmos
area: point time: point
toa_outgoing_longwave_flux
TOA Outgoing Longwave Radiation
W m-2
at the top of the atmosphere (to be compared with satellite measurements)
Esubhr
subhrPt
longitude latitude time1
atmos
up
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
toa_incoming_shortwave_flux
TOA Incident Shortwave Radiation
W m-2
Shortwave radiation incident at the top of the atmosphere
Tendency of Specific Humidity Due to Stratiform Clouds and Precipitation
s-1
The phrase 'tendency_of_X' means derivative of X with respect to time. 'Specific' means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air. The specification of a physical process by the phrase 'due_to_' process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. A variable with the standard name of tendency_of_specific_humid ity_due_to_stratiform_cloud_and_precipitation should
Esubhr
subhrPt
alevel site time1
atmos
area: point time: point
tendency_of_air_temperature
Tendency of Air Temperature
K s-1
Tendency of Air Temperature
Esubhr
subhrPt
longitude latitude alevel time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
tendency_of_air_temperature_due_to_diffusion
Tendency of Air Temperature Due to Numerical Diffusion
K s-1
This includes any horizontal or vertical numerical temperature diffusion not associated with the parametrized moist physics or the resolved dynamics. For example, any vertical diffusion which is part of the boundary layer mixing scheme should be excluded, as should any diffusion which is included in the terms from the resolved dynamics. This term is required to check the closure of the temperature budget.
Tendency of Air Temperature Due to Stratiform Clouds and Precipitation
K s-1
The phrase 'tendency_of_X' means derivative of X with respect to time. Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. The specification of a physical process by the phrase 'due_to_' process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. A variable with the standard name tendency_of_air_temperature_due_to_stratiform_c loud_and_precipitation should contain net latent
Esubhr
subhrPt
alevel site time1
atmos
area: point time: point
eastward_wind
Eastward Wind
m s-1
Zonal wind (positive in a eastward direction).
Esubhr
subhrPt
longitude latitude alevel time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
northward_wind
Northward Wind
m s-1
Meridional wind (positive in a northward direction).
Esubhr
subhrPt
longitude latitude alevel time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
lagrangian_tendency_of_air_pressure
Omega (=dp/dt)
Pa s-1
Omega (vertical velocity in pressure coordinates, positive downwards)
Esubhr
subhrPt
longitude latitude alevel time1
atmos
area: mean time: point
area: areacella
area_fraction
Bare Soil Percentage Area Coverage
%
Percentage of entire grid cell that is covered by bare soil.
Eyr
yr
longitude latitude time typebare
land
area: mean where land over all_area_types time: mean
area: areacella
litter_mass_content_of_carbon
Carbon Mass in Litter Pool
kg m-2
'Litter' is dead plant material in or above the soil. It is distinct from coarse wood debris. The precise distinction between 'fine' and 'coarse' is model dependent. 'Content' indicates a quantity per unit area. The sum of the quantities with standard names surface_litter_mass_content_of_carbon and subsurface_litter_mass_content_of_carbon has the standard name litter_mass_content_of_carbon.
Eyr
yrPt
longitude latitude time1
land
area: mean where land time: point
area: areacella
litter_mass_content_of_carbon
Carbon in Above and Below-Ground Litter Pools on Land-Use Tiles
Wood and Agricultural Product Pool Carbon Associated with Land-Use Tiles
kg m-2
Anthropogenic pools associated with land use tiles into which harvests and cleared carbon are deposited before release into atmosphere PLUS any remaining anthropogenic pools that may be associated with lands which were converted into land use tiles during reported period. Examples of products include paper, cardboard, timber for construction, and crop harvest for food or fuel. Does NOT include residue which is deposited into soil or litter; end of year values (not annual mean).
Eyr
yrPt
longitude latitude landUse time1
land
area: mean where sector time: point
area: areacella
soil_mass_content_of_carbon
Carbon Mass in Model Soil Pool
kg m-2
Carbon mass in the full depth of the soil model.
Eyr
yrPt
longitude latitude time1
land
area: mean where land time: point
area: areacella
soil_mass_content_of_carbon
Carbon in Soil Pool on Land-Use Tiles
kg m-2
end of year values (not annual mean)
Eyr
yrPt
longitude latitude landUse time1
land
area: mean where sector time: point
area: areacella
vegetation_carbon_content
Carbon Mass in Vegetation
kg m-2
Carbon mass per unit area in vegetation.
Eyr
yrPt
longitude latitude time1
land
area: mean where land time: point
area: areacella
vegetation_carbon_content
Carbon in Vegetation on Land-Use Tiles
kg m-2
end of year values (not annual mean)
Eyr
yrPt
longitude latitude landUse time1
land
area: mean where sector time: point
area: areacella
area_fraction
Percentage Crop Cover
%
Percentage of entire grid cell that is covered by crop.
Eyr
yr
longitude latitude time typecrop
land
area: mean where land over all_area_types time: mean
area: areacella
area_fraction
Annual Gross Percentage That Was Transferred into This Tile from Other Land-Use Tiles
%
Cumulative percentage transitions over the year; note that percentage should be reported as a percentage of atmospheric grid cell
Eyr
yr
longitude latitude landUse time
land
area: mean where land over all_area_types time: sum
area: areacella
area_fraction
Percentage of Grid Cell for Each Land-Use Tile
%
End of year values (not annual mean); note that percentage should be reported as percentage of land grid cell (example: frac_lnd = 0.5, frac_ocn = 0.5, frac_crop_lnd = 0.2 (of land portion of grid cell), then frac_lut(crop) = 0.5*0.2 = 0.1)
Eyr
yrPt
longitude latitude landUse time1
land
area: mean where land over all_area_types time: point
area: areacella
area_fraction
Annual Gross Percentage of Land-Use Tile That Was Transferred into Other Land-Use Tiles
%
Cumulative percentage transitions over the year; note that percentage should be reported as percentage of atmospheric grid cell
Eyr
yr
longitude latitude landUse time
land
area: mean where land over all_area_types time: sum
area: areacella
area_fraction
Natural Grass Area Percentage
%
Percentage of entire grid cell that is covered by natural grass.
Eyr
yr
longitude latitude time typenatgr
land
area: mean where land over all_area_types time: mean
area: areacella
area_fraction
Percentage of Grid Cell That Is Land but neither Vegetation Covered nor Bare Soil
%
Percentage of entire grid cell that is land and is covered by neither vegetation nor bare-soil (e.g., urban, ice, lakes, etc.)
Eyr
yr
longitude latitude time typeresidual
land
area: mean where land over all_area_types time: mean
area: areacella
area_fraction
Percentage Cover by Shrub
%
Percentage of entire grid cell that is covered by shrub.
Eyr
yr
longitude latitude time typeshrub
land
area: mean where land over all_area_types time: mean
area: areacella
area_fraction
Tree Cover Percentage
%
Percentage of entire grid cell that is covered by trees.
Eyr
yr
longitude latitude time typetree
land
area: mean where land over all_area_types time: mean
area: areacella
area_fraction
Total Vegetated Percentage Cover
%
Percentage of grid cell that is covered by vegetation.This SHOULD be the sum of tree, grass (natural and pasture), crop and shrub fractions.
Eyr
yr
longitude latitude time typeveg
land
area: mean where land over all_area_types time: mean
area: areacella
depth_below_geoid
Depth Below Geoid of Ocean Layer
m
Depth below geoid
Eyr
yr
longitude latitude olevel time
ocean
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello volume: volcello
cell_area
Grid-Cell Area for Ice Sheet Variables
m2
Area of the target grid (not the interpolated area of the source grid).
Upward geothermal heat flux per unit area into the base of grounded land ice. This is related to the geothermal heat flux out of the bedrock, but may be modified by horizontal transport due to run-off and by melting at the interface.
IfxAnt
fx
xant yant
landIce
area: mean where grounded_ice_sheet
area: areacellg
land_ice_thickness
Ice Sheet Thickness
m
The thickness of the ice sheet
IfxAnt
fx
xant yant
landIce
area: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
bedrock_altitude
Bedrock Altitude
m
The bedrock topography beneath the land ice
IfxAnt
fx
xant yant
landIce
area: mean where grounded_ice_sheet
area: areacellg
cell_area
Grid-Cell Area for Ice Sheet Variables
m2
Area of the target grid (not the interpolated area of the source grid).
Upward geothermal heat flux per unit area into the base of grounded land ice. This is related to the geothermal heat flux out of the bedrock, but may be modified by horizontal transport due to run-off and by melting at the interface.
IfxGre
fx
xgre ygre
landIce
area: mean where grounded_ice_sheet
area: areacellg
land_ice_thickness
Ice Sheet Thickness
m
The thickness of the ice sheet
IfxGre
fx
xgre ygre
landIce
area: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
bedrock_altitude
Bedrock Altitude
m
The bedrock topography beneath the land ice
IfxGre
fx
xgre ygre
landIce
area: mean where grounded_ice_sheet
area: areacellg
land_ice_surface_specific_mass_balance_flux
Surface Mass Balance Flux
kg m-2 s-1
Specific mass balance means the net rate at which ice is added per unit area at the land ice surface. Computed as the total surface mass balance on the land ice portion of the grid cell divided by land ice area in the grid cell. A negative value means loss of ice
ImonAnt
mon
xant yant time
landIce
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
surface_upward_latent_heat_flux
Surface Upward Latent Heat Flux
W m-2
The surface called 'surface' means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. 'Upward' indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface latent heat flux is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air on account of evaporation (including sublimation). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics.
ImonAnt
mon
xant yant time
landIce land
up
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
surface_upward_sensible_heat_flux
Surface Upward Sensible Heat Flux
W m-2
The surface sensible heat flux, also called turbulent heat flux, is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air by motion of air.
ImonAnt
mon
xant yant time
landIce land
up
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
land_ice_surface_melt_flux
Surface Ice Melt Flux
kg m-2 s-1
Loss of ice mass resulting from surface melting. Computed as the total surface melt water on the land ice portion of the grid cell divided by land ice area in the grid cell.
ImonAnt
mon
xant yant time
landIce
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
land_ice_basal_specific_mass_balance_flux
Basal Specific Mass Balance Flux of Floating Ice Shelf
kg m-2 s-1
Specific mass balance means the net rate at which ice is added per unit area at the land ice base. A negative value means loss of ice. Computed as the total basal mass balance on the floating land ice (floating ice shelf) portion of the grid cell divided by floating land ice (floating ice shelf) area in the grid cell. Cell_methods: area: mean where floating_ice_shelf
ImonAnt
mon
xant yant time
landIce
area: time: mean where floating_ice_shelf (comment: mask=sftflf)
area: areacellg
land_ice_basal_specific_mass_balance_flux
Basal Specific Mass Balance Flux of Grounded Ice Sheet
kg m-2 s-1
Specific mass balance means the net rate at which ice is added per unit area at the land ice base. A negative value means loss of ice. Computed as the total basal mass balance on the grounded land ice portion of the grid cell divided by grounded land ice area in the grid cell. Cell_methods: area: mean where grounded_ice_sheet
ImonAnt
mon
xant yant time
landIce
area: time: mean where grounded_ice_sheet (comment: mask=sfgrlf)
area: areacellg
land_ice_specific_mass_flux_due_to_calving
Land Ice Calving Flux
kg m-2 s-1
Loss of ice mass resulting from iceberg calving. Computed as the rate of mass loss by the ice shelf (in kg s-1) divided by the horizontal area of the ice sheet (m2) in the grid box.
Total mass balance at the ice front (or vertical margin). It includes both iceberg calving and melt on vertical ice front
ImonAnt
mon
xant yant time
landIce
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
land_ice_basal_temperature
Basal Temperature of Floating Ice Shelf
K
Basal temperature that is used to force the ice sheet models, it is the temperature AT ice shelf- ocean interface. Cell_methods: area: mean where floating_ice_shelf
ImonAnt
mon
xant yant time
landIce
area: time: mean where floating_ice_shelf (comment: mask=sftflf)
area: areacellg
land_ice_basal_temperature
Basal Temperature of Grounded Ice Sheet
K
Basal temperature that is used to force the ice sheet models, it is the temperature AT ice sheet - bedrock interface. Cell_methods: area: mean where grounded_ice_sheet
ImonAnt
mon
xant yant time
landIce
area: time: mean where grounded_ice_sheet (comment: mask=sfgrlf)
area: areacellg
temperature_at_top_of_ice_sheet_model
Temperature at Top of Ice Sheet Model
K
Upper boundary temperature that is used to force ice sheet models. It is the temperature at the base of the snowpack models, and does not vary with seasons. Report surface temperature of ice sheet where snow thickness is zero
ImonAnt
mon
xant yant time
landIce
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
land_ice_runoff_flux
Land Ice Runoff Flux
kg m-2 s-1
Runoff flux over land ice is the difference between any available liquid water in the snowpack less any refreezing. Computed as the sum of rainfall and melt of snow or ice less any refreezing or water retained in the snowpack
ImonAnt
mon
xant yant time
landIce land
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
surface_altitude
Surface Altitude
m
The surface called 'surface' means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. Altitude is the (geometric) height above the geoid, which is the reference geopotential surface. The geoid is similar to mean sea level.
ImonAnt
mon
xant yant time
land
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
rainfall_flux
Rainfall Flux over Land Ice
kg m-2 s-1
In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics.
ImonAnt
mon
xant yant time
landIce land
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
snowfall_flux
Snowfall Flux
kg m-2 s-1
At surface; includes precipitation of all forms of water in the solid phase
ImonAnt
mon
xant yant time
landIce land
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air
Surface Downwelling Longwave Radiation
W m-2
The surface called 'surface' means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. 'longwave' means longwave radiation. Downwelling radiation is radiation from above. It does not mean 'net downward'. When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called 'irradiance'. In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called 'vector irradiance'. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per
ImonAnt
mon
xant yant time
landIce land
down
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
surface_upwelling_longwave_flux_in_air
Surface Upwelling Longwave Radiation
W m-2
The surface called 'surface' means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. 'longwave' means longwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean 'net upward'. When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called 'irradiance'. In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called 'vector irradiance'. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit
ImonAnt
mon
xant yant time
landIce land
up
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air
Surface Downwelling Shortwave Radiation
W m-2
Surface solar irradiance for UV calculations.
ImonAnt
mon
xant yant time
landIce land
down
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
surface_upwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air
Surface Upwelling Shortwave Radiation
W m-2
The surface called 'surface' means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. 'shortwave' means shortwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean 'net upward'. When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called 'irradiance'. In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called 'vector irradiance'. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per un
The snow and ice sublimation flux is the loss of snow and ice mass per unit area from the surface resulting from their direct conversion to water vapor that enters the atmosphere.
ImonAnt
mon
xant yant time
landIce
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
surface_snow_area_fraction
Snow Area Percentage
%
Percentage of each grid cell that is occupied by snow that rests on land portion of cell.
ImonAnt
mon
xant yant time
landIce land
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
surface_snow_and_ice_refreezing_flux
Surface Snow and Ice Refreeze Flux
kg m-2 s-1
Mass flux of surface meltwater which refreezes within the snowpack. Computed as the total refreezing on the land ice portion of the grid cell divided by land ice area in the grid cell.
ImonAnt
mon
xant yant time
landIce
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
surface_snow_and_ice_melt_flux
Surface Snow and Ice Melt Flux
kg m-2 s-1
Loss of snow and ice mass resulting from surface melting. Computed as the total surface melt on the land ice portion of the grid cell divided by land ice area in the grid cell.
ImonAnt
mon
xant yant time
landIce
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
surface_snow_melt_flux
Surface Snow Melt
kg m-2 s-1
The total surface snow melt rate on the land portion of the grid cell divided by the land area in the grid cell; report as zero for snow-free land regions and missing where there is no land.
ImonAnt
mon
xant yant time
landIce land
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
air_temperature
Near-Surface Air Temperature
K
near-surface (usually, 2 meter) air temperature
ImonAnt
mon
time height2m
landIce land
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
surface_temperature
Surface Temperature
K
Temperature of the lower boundary of the atmosphere
ImonAnt
mon
xant yant time
landIce land
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
temperature_in_surface_snow
Snow Internal Temperature
K
This temperature is averaged over all the snow in the grid cell that rests on land or land ice. When computing the time-mean here, the time samples, weighted by the mass of snow on the land portion of the grid cell, are accumulated and then divided by the sum of the weights. Reported as missing in regions free of snow on land.
ImonAnt
mon
xant yant time
landIce land
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
land_ice_surface_specific_mass_balance_flux
Surface Mass Balance Flux
kg m-2 s-1
Specific mass balance means the net rate at which ice is added per unit area at the land ice surface. Computed as the total surface mass balance on the land ice portion of the grid cell divided by land ice area in the grid cell. A negative value means loss of ice
ImonGre
mon
xgre ygre time
landIce
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
surface_upward_latent_heat_flux
Surface Upward Latent Heat Flux
W m-2
The surface called 'surface' means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. 'Upward' indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface latent heat flux is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air on account of evaporation (including sublimation). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics.
ImonGre
mon
xgre ygre time
landIce land
up
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
surface_upward_sensible_heat_flux
Surface Upward Sensible Heat Flux
W m-2
The surface sensible heat flux, also called turbulent heat flux, is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air by motion of air.
ImonGre
mon
xgre ygre time
landIce land
up
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
land_ice_surface_melt_flux
Surface Ice Melt Flux
kg m-2 s-1
Loss of ice mass resulting from surface melting. Computed as the total surface melt water on the land ice portion of the grid cell divided by land ice area in the grid cell.
ImonGre
mon
xgre ygre time
landIce
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
land_ice_basal_specific_mass_balance_flux
Basal Specific Mass Balance Flux of Floating Ice Shelf
kg m-2 s-1
Specific mass balance means the net rate at which ice is added per unit area at the land ice base. A negative value means loss of ice. Computed as the total basal mass balance on the floating land ice (floating ice shelf) portion of the grid cell divided by floating land ice (floating ice shelf) area in the grid cell. Cell_methods: area: mean where floating_ice_shelf
ImonGre
mon
xgre ygre time
landIce
area: time: mean where floating_ice_shelf (comment: mask=sftflf)
area: areacellg
land_ice_basal_specific_mass_balance_flux
Basal Specific Mass Balance Flux of Grounded Ice Sheet
kg m-2 s-1
Specific mass balance means the net rate at which ice is added per unit area at the land ice base. A negative value means loss of ice. Computed as the total basal mass balance on the grounded land ice portion of the grid cell divided by grounded land ice area in the grid cell. Cell_methods: area: mean where grounded_ice_sheet
ImonGre
mon
xgre ygre time
landIce
area: time: mean where grounded_ice_sheet (comment: mask=sfgrlf)
area: areacellg
land_ice_specific_mass_flux_due_to_calving
Land Ice Calving Flux
kg m-2 s-1
Loss of ice mass resulting from iceberg calving. Computed as the rate of mass loss by the ice shelf (in kg s-1) divided by the horizontal area of the ice sheet (m2) in the grid box.
Total mass balance at the ice front (or vertical margin). It includes both iceberg calving and melt on vertical ice front
ImonGre
mon
xgre ygre time
landIce
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
land_ice_basal_temperature
Basal Temperature of Floating Ice Shelf
K
Basal temperature that is used to force the ice sheet models, it is the temperature AT ice shelf- ocean interface. Cell_methods: area: mean where floating_ice_shelf
ImonGre
mon
xgre ygre time
landIce
area: time: mean where floating_ice_shelf (comment: mask=sftflf)
area: areacellg
land_ice_basal_temperature
Basal Temperature of Grounded Ice Sheet
K
Basal temperature that is used to force the ice sheet models, it is the temperature AT ice sheet - bedrock interface. Cell_methods: area: mean where grounded_ice_sheet
ImonGre
mon
xgre ygre time
landIce
area: time: mean where grounded_ice_sheet (comment: mask=sfgrlf)
area: areacellg
temperature_at_top_of_ice_sheet_model
Temperature at Top of Ice Sheet Model
K
Upper boundary temperature that is used to force ice sheet models. It is the temperature at the base of the snowpack models, and does not vary with seasons. Report surface temperature of ice sheet where snow thickness is zero
ImonGre
mon
xgre ygre time
landIce
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
land_ice_runoff_flux
Land Ice Runoff Flux
kg m-2 s-1
Runoff flux over land ice is the difference between any available liquid water in the snowpack less any refreezing. Computed as the sum of rainfall and melt of snow or ice less any refreezing or water retained in the snowpack
ImonGre
mon
xgre ygre time
landIce land
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
surface_altitude
Surface Altitude
m
The surface called 'surface' means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. Altitude is the (geometric) height above the geoid, which is the reference geopotential surface. The geoid is similar to mean sea level.
ImonGre
mon
xgre ygre time
land
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
rainfall_flux
Rainfall Flux over Land Ice
kg m-2 s-1
In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics.
ImonGre
mon
xgre ygre time
landIce land
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
snowfall_flux
Snowfall Flux
kg m-2 s-1
At surface; includes precipitation of all forms of water in the solid phase
ImonGre
mon
xgre ygre time
landIce land
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air
Surface Downwelling Longwave Radiation
W m-2
The surface called 'surface' means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. 'longwave' means longwave radiation. Downwelling radiation is radiation from above. It does not mean 'net downward'. When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called 'irradiance'. In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called 'vector irradiance'. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per
ImonGre
mon
xgre ygre time
landIce land
down
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
surface_upwelling_longwave_flux_in_air
Surface Upwelling Longwave Radiation
W m-2
The surface called 'surface' means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. 'longwave' means longwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean 'net upward'. When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called 'irradiance'. In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called 'vector irradiance'. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit
ImonGre
mon
xgre ygre time
landIce land
up
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air
Surface Downwelling Shortwave Radiation
W m-2
Surface solar irradiance for UV calculations.
ImonGre
mon
xgre ygre time
landIce land
down
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
surface_upwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air
Surface Upwelling Shortwave Radiation
W m-2
The surface called 'surface' means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. 'shortwave' means shortwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean 'net upward'. When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called 'irradiance'. In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called 'vector irradiance'. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per un
The snow and ice sublimation flux is the loss of snow and ice mass per unit area from the surface resulting from their direct conversion to water vapor that enters the atmosphere.
ImonGre
mon
xgre ygre time
landIce
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
surface_snow_area_fraction
Snow Area Percentage
%
Percentage of each grid cell that is occupied by snow that rests on land portion of cell.
ImonGre
mon
xgre ygre time
landIce land
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
surface_snow_and_ice_refreezing_flux
Surface Snow and Ice Refreeze Flux
kg m-2 s-1
Mass flux of surface meltwater which refreezes within the snowpack. Computed as the total refreezing on the land ice portion of the grid cell divided by land ice area in the grid cell.
ImonGre
mon
xgre ygre time
landIce
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
surface_snow_and_ice_melt_flux
Surface Snow and Ice Melt Flux
kg m-2 s-1
Loss of snow and ice mass resulting from surface melting. Computed as the total surface melt on the land ice portion of the grid cell divided by land ice area in the grid cell.
ImonGre
mon
xgre ygre time
landIce
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
surface_snow_melt_flux
Surface Snow Melt
kg m-2 s-1
The total surface snow melt rate on the land portion of the grid cell divided by the land area in the grid cell; report as zero for snow-free land regions and missing where there is no land.
ImonGre
mon
xgre ygre time
landIce land
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
air_temperature
Near-Surface Air Temperature
K
near-surface (usually, 2 meter) air temperature
ImonGre
mon
time height2m
landIce land
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
surface_temperature
Surface Temperature
K
Temperature of the lower boundary of the atmosphere
ImonGre
mon
xgre ygre time
landIce land
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
temperature_in_surface_snow
Snow Internal Temperature
K
This temperature is averaged over all the snow in the grid cell that rests on land or land ice. When computing the time-mean here, the time samples, weighted by the mass of snow on the land portion of the grid cell, are accumulated and then divided by the sum of the weights. Reported as missing in regions free of snow on land.
ImonGre
mon
xgre ygre time
landIce land
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
land_ice_surface_specific_mass_balance_flux
Surface Mass Balance Flux
kg m-2 s-1
Specific mass balance means the net rate at which ice is added per unit area at the land ice surface. Computed as the total surface mass balance on the land ice portion of the grid cell divided by land ice area in the grid cell. A negative value means loss of ice
Upward geothermal heat flux per unit area into the base of grounded land ice. This is related to the geothermal heat flux out of the bedrock, but may be modified by horizontal transport due to run-off and by melting at the interface.
IyrAnt
yr
xant yant time
landIce
area: time: mean where grounded_ice_sheet (comment: mask=sfgrlf)
area: areacellg
floating_ice_shelf_area
Area Covered by Floating Ice Shelves
m2
Total area of the floating ice shelves (the component of ice sheet that flows over ocean)
IyrAnt
yr
time
landIce
area: time: mean where floating_ice_shelf (comment: mask=sftflf)
grounded_ice_sheet_area
Area Covered by Grounded Ice Sheet
m2
Total area of the grounded ice sheets (the component of ice sheet resting over bedrock)
IyrAnt
yr
time
landIce
area: time: mean where grounded_ice_sheet (comment: mask=sfgrlf)
land_ice_basal_specific_mass_balance_flux
Basal Specific Mass Balance Flux of Floating Ice Shelf
kg m-2 s-1
Specific mass balance means the net rate at which ice is added per unit area at the land ice base. A negative value means loss of ice. Computed as the total basal mass balance on the floating land ice (floating ice shelf) portion of the grid cell divided by floating land ice (floating ice shelf) area in the grid cell. Cell_methods: area: mean where floating_ice_shelf
IyrAnt
yr
xant yant time
landIce
area: time: mean where floating_ice_shelf (comment: mask=sftflf)
area: areacellg
land_ice_basal_specific_mass_balance_flux
Basal Specific Mass Balance Flux of Grounded Ice Sheet
kg m-2 s-1
Specific mass balance means the net rate at which ice is added per unit area at the land ice base. A negative value means loss of ice. Computed as the total basal mass balance on the grounded land ice portion of the grid cell divided by grounded land ice area in the grid cell. Cell_methods: area: mean where grounded_ice_sheet
IyrAnt
yr
xant yant time
landIce
area: time: mean where grounded_ice_sheet (comment: mask=sfgrlf)
area: areacellg
land_ice_specific_mass_flux_due_to_calving
Land Ice Calving Flux
kg m-2 s-1
Loss of ice mass resulting from iceberg calving. Computed as the rate of mass loss by the ice shelf (in kg s-1) divided by the horizontal area of the ice sheet (m2) in the grid box.
Total mass balance at the ice front (or vertical margin). It includes both iceberg calving and melt on vertical ice front
IyrAnt
yr
xant yant time
landIce
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
land_ice_mass
Ice Sheet Mass
kg
The ice sheet mass is computed as the volume times density
IyrAnt
yr
time
landIce
area: sum where ice_sheet time: mean
land_ice_mass_not_displacing_sea_water
Ice Sheet Mass That Does not Displace Sea Water
kg
The ice sheet mass is computed as the volume above flotation times density. Changes in land_ice_mass_not_displacing_sea_water will always result in a change in sea level, unlike changes in land_ice_mass which may not result in sea level change (such as melting of the floating ice shelves, or portion of ice that sits on bedrock below sea level)
IyrAnt
yr
time
landIce
area: time: mean where grounded_ice_sheet (comment: mask=sfgrlf)
land_ice_basal_temperature
Basal Temperature of Floating Ice Shelf
K
Basal temperature that is used to force the ice sheet models, it is the temperature AT ice shelf- ocean interface. Cell_methods: area: mean where floating_ice_shelf
IyrAnt
yr
xant yant time
landIce
area: time: mean where floating_ice_shelf (comment: mask=sftflf)
area: areacellg
land_ice_basal_temperature
Basal Temperature of Grounded Ice Sheet
K
Basal temperature that is used to force the ice sheet models, it is the temperature AT ice sheet - bedrock interface. Cell_methods: area: mean where grounded_ice_sheet
IyrAnt
yr
xant yant time
landIce
area: time: mean where grounded_ice_sheet (comment: mask=sfgrlf)
area: areacellg
temperature_at_top_of_ice_sheet_model
Temperature at Top of Ice Sheet Model
K
Upper boundary temperature that is used to force ice sheet models. It is the temperature at the base of the snowpack models, and does not vary with seasons. Report surface temperature of ice sheet where snow thickness is zero
IyrAnt
yr
xant yant time
landIce
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
land_ice_thickness
Ice Sheet Thickness
m
The thickness of the ice sheet
IyrAnt
yr
xant yant time
landIce
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
cell_area
The Cell Area of the Ice Sheet Model
m2
Horizontal area of ice-sheet grid cells
IyrAnt
yr
xant yant time
landIce
area: time: mean
area: areacellg
surface_altitude
Surface Altitude
m
The surface called 'surface' means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. Altitude is the (geometric) height above the geoid, which is the reference geopotential surface. The geoid is similar to mean sea level.
IyrAnt
yr
xant yant time
land
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
floating_ice_shelf_area_fraction
Floating Ice Shelf Area Percentage
%
Percentage of grid cell covered by floating ice shelf, the component of the ice sheet that is flowing over sea water
IyrAnt
yr
xant yant time
landIce
area: time: mean
area: areacellg
land_ice_area_fraction
Land Ice Area Percentage
%
Percentage of grid cell covered by land ice (ice sheet, ice shelf, ice cap, glacier)
IyrAnt
yr
xant yant time
land
area: time: mean
area: areacellg
grounded_ice_sheet_area_fraction
Grounded Ice Sheet Area Percentage
%
Percentage of grid cell covered by grounded ice sheet
IyrAnt
yr
xant yant time
landIce
area: time: mean
area: areacellg
surface_snow_area_fraction
Snow Area Percentage
%
Percentage of each grid cell that is occupied by snow that rests on land portion of cell.
The total basal mass balance flux over land ice is a spatial integration of the basal mass balance flux
IyrAnt
yr
time
landIce
area: sum where ice_sheet time: mean
tendency_of_land_ice_mass_due_to_calving
Total Calving Flux
kg s-1
The total calving flux over land ice is a spatial integration of the calving flux
IyrAnt
yr
time
landIce
area: sum where ice_sheet time: mean
bedrock_altitude
Bedrock Altitude
m
The bedrock topography beneath the land ice
IyrAnt
yr
xant yant time
landIce
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
land_ice_basal_x_velocity
X-Component of Land Ice Basal Velocity
m s-1
A velocity is a vector quantity. 'x' indicates a vector component along the grid x-axis, positive with increasing x. 'Land ice' means glaciers, ice- caps and ice-sheets resting on bedrock and also includes ice-shelves. 'basal' means the lower boundary of the land ice.
IyrAnt
yr
xant yant time
landIce
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
land_ice_vertical_mean_x_velocity
X-Component of Land Ice Vertical Mean Velocity
m s-1
The vertical mean land ice velocity is the average from the bedrock to the surface of the ice
IyrAnt
yr
xant yant time
landIce
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
land_ice_surface_x_velocity
X-Component of Land Ice Surface Velocity
m s-1
A velocity is a vector quantity. 'x' indicates a vector component along the grid x-axis, positive with increasing x. 'Land ice' means glaciers, ice- caps and ice-sheets resting on bedrock and also includes ice-shelves. The surface called 'surface' means the lower boundary of the atmosphere.
IyrAnt
yr
xant yant time
landIce
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
land_ice_basal_y_velocity
Y-Component of Land Ice Basal Velocity
m s-1
A velocity is a vector quantity. 'y' indicates a vector component along the grid y-axis, positive with increasing y. 'Land ice' means glaciers, ice- caps and ice-sheets resting on bedrock and also includes ice-shelves. 'basal' means the lower boundary of the land ice.
IyrAnt
yr
xant yant time
landIce
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
land_ice_vertical_mean_y_velocity
Y-Component of Land Ice Vertical Mean Velocity
m s-1
The vertical mean land ice velocity is the average from the bedrock to the surface of the ice
IyrAnt
yr
xant yant time
landIce
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
land_ice_surface_y_velocity
Y-Component of Land Ice Surface Velocity
m s-1
A velocity is a vector quantity. 'y' indicates a vector component along the grid y-axis, positive with increasing y. 'Land ice' means glaciers, ice- caps and ice-sheets resting on bedrock and also includes ice-shelves. The surface called 'surface' means the lower boundary of the atmosphere.'
IyrAnt
yr
xant yant time
landIce
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
land_ice_basal_upward_velocity
Upward Component of Land-Ice Basal Velocity
m s-1
A velocity is a vector quantity. 'Upward' indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). 'basal' means the lower boundary of the atmosphere
IyrAnt
yr
xant yant time
landIce
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
land_ice_surface_upward_velocity
Upward Component of Land-Ice Surface Velocity
m s-1
A velocity is a vector quantity. 'Upward' indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface called 'surface' means the lower boundary of the atmosphere
IyrAnt
yr
xant yant time
landIce
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
land_ice_surface_specific_mass_balance_flux
Surface Mass Balance Flux
kg m-2 s-1
Specific mass balance means the net rate at which ice is added per unit area at the land ice surface. Computed as the total surface mass balance on the land ice portion of the grid cell divided by land ice area in the grid cell. A negative value means loss of ice
Upward geothermal heat flux per unit area into the base of grounded land ice. This is related to the geothermal heat flux out of the bedrock, but may be modified by horizontal transport due to run-off and by melting at the interface.
IyrGre
yr
xgre ygre time
landIce
area: time: mean where grounded_ice_sheet (comment: mask=sfgrlf)
area: areacellg
floating_ice_shelf_area
Area Covered by Floating Ice Shelves
m2
Total area of the floating ice shelves (the component of ice sheet that flows over ocean)
IyrGre
yr
time
landIce
area: time: mean where floating_ice_shelf (comment: mask=sftflf)
grounded_ice_sheet_area
Area Covered by Grounded Ice Sheet
m2
Total area of the grounded ice sheets (the component of ice sheet resting over bedrock)
IyrGre
yr
time
landIce
area: time: mean where grounded_ice_sheet (comment: mask=sfgrlf)
land_ice_basal_specific_mass_balance_flux
Basal Specific Mass Balance Flux of Floating Ice Shelf
kg m-2 s-1
Specific mass balance means the net rate at which ice is added per unit area at the land ice base. A negative value means loss of ice. Computed as the total basal mass balance on the floating land ice (floating ice shelf) portion of the grid cell divided by floating land ice (floating ice shelf) area in the grid cell. Cell_methods: area: mean where floating_ice_shelf
IyrGre
yr
xgre ygre time
landIce
area: time: mean where floating_ice_shelf (comment: mask=sftflf)
area: areacellg
land_ice_basal_specific_mass_balance_flux
Basal Specific Mass Balance Flux of Grounded Ice Sheet
kg m-2 s-1
Specific mass balance means the net rate at which ice is added per unit area at the land ice base. A negative value means loss of ice. Computed as the total basal mass balance on the grounded land ice portion of the grid cell divided by grounded land ice area in the grid cell. Cell_methods: area: mean where grounded_ice_sheet
IyrGre
yr
xgre ygre time
landIce
area: time: mean where grounded_ice_sheet (comment: mask=sfgrlf)
area: areacellg
land_ice_specific_mass_flux_due_to_calving
Land Ice Calving Flux
kg m-2 s-1
Loss of ice mass resulting from iceberg calving. Computed as the rate of mass loss by the ice shelf (in kg s-1) divided by the horizontal area of the ice sheet (m2) in the grid box.
Total mass balance at the ice front (or vertical margin). It includes both iceberg calving and melt on vertical ice front
IyrGre
yr
xgre ygre time
landIce
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
land_ice_mass
Ice Sheet Mass
kg
The ice sheet mass is computed as the volume times density
IyrGre
yr
time
landIce
area: sum where ice_sheet time: mean
land_ice_mass_not_displacing_sea_water
Ice Sheet Mass That Does not Displace Sea Water
kg
The ice sheet mass is computed as the volume above flotation times density. Changes in land_ice_mass_not_displacing_sea_water will always result in a change in sea level, unlike changes in land_ice_mass which may not result in sea level change (such as melting of the floating ice shelves, or portion of ice that sits on bedrock below sea level)
IyrGre
yr
time
landIce
area: time: mean where grounded_ice_sheet (comment: mask=sfgrlf)
land_ice_basal_temperature
Basal Temperature of Floating Ice Shelf
K
Basal temperature that is used to force the ice sheet models, it is the temperature AT ice shelf- ocean interface. Cell_methods: area: mean where floating_ice_shelf
IyrGre
yr
xgre ygre time
landIce
area: time: mean where floating_ice_shelf (comment: mask=sftflf)
area: areacellg
land_ice_basal_temperature
Basal Temperature of Grounded Ice Sheet
K
Basal temperature that is used to force the ice sheet models, it is the temperature AT ice sheet - bedrock interface. Cell_methods: area: mean where grounded_ice_sheet
IyrGre
yr
xgre ygre time
landIce
area: time: mean where grounded_ice_sheet (comment: mask=sfgrlf)
area: areacellg
temperature_at_top_of_ice_sheet_model
Temperature at Top of Ice Sheet Model
K
Upper boundary temperature that is used to force ice sheet models. It is the temperature at the base of the snowpack models, and does not vary with seasons. Report surface temperature of ice sheet where snow thickness is zero
IyrGre
yr
xgre ygre time
landIce
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
land_ice_thickness
Ice Sheet Thickness
m
The thickness of the ice sheet
IyrGre
yr
xgre ygre time
landIce
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
cell_area
The Cell Area of the Ice Sheet Model
m2
Horizontal area of ice-sheet grid cells
IyrGre
yr
xgre ygre time
landIce
area: time: mean
area: areacellg
surface_altitude
Surface Altitude
m
The surface called 'surface' means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. Altitude is the (geometric) height above the geoid, which is the reference geopotential surface. The geoid is similar to mean sea level.
IyrGre
yr
xgre ygre time
land
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
floating_ice_shelf_area_fraction
Floating Ice Shelf Area Percentage
%
Percentage of grid cell covered by floating ice shelf, the component of the ice sheet that is flowing over sea water
IyrGre
yr
xgre ygre time
landIce
area: time: mean
area: areacellg
land_ice_area_fraction
Land Ice Area Percentage
%
Percentage of grid cell covered by land ice (ice sheet, ice shelf, ice cap, glacier)
IyrGre
yr
xgre ygre time
land
area: time: mean
area: areacellg
grounded_ice_sheet_area_fraction
Grounded Ice Sheet Area Percentage
%
Percentage of grid cell covered by grounded ice sheet
IyrGre
yr
xgre ygre time
landIce
area: time: mean
area: areacellg
surface_snow_area_fraction
Snow Area Percentage
%
Percentage of each grid cell that is occupied by snow that rests on land portion of cell.
The total basal mass balance flux over land ice is a spatial integration of the basal mass balance flux
IyrGre
yr
time
landIce
area: sum where ice_sheet time: mean
tendency_of_land_ice_mass_due_to_calving
Total Calving Flux
kg s-1
The total calving flux over land ice is a spatial integration of the calving flux
IyrGre
yr
time
landIce
area: sum where ice_sheet time: mean
bedrock_altitude
Bedrock Altitude
m
The bedrock topography beneath the land ice
IyrGre
yr
xgre ygre time
landIce
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
land_ice_basal_x_velocity
X-Component of Land Ice Basal Velocity
m s-1
A velocity is a vector quantity. 'x' indicates a vector component along the grid x-axis, positive with increasing x. 'Land ice' means glaciers, ice- caps and ice-sheets resting on bedrock and also includes ice-shelves. 'basal' means the lower boundary of the land ice.
IyrGre
yr
xgre ygre time
landIce
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
land_ice_vertical_mean_x_velocity
X-Component of Land Ice Vertical Mean Velocity
m s-1
The vertical mean land ice velocity is the average from the bedrock to the surface of the ice
IyrGre
yr
xgre ygre time
landIce
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
land_ice_surface_x_velocity
X-Component of Land Ice Surface Velocity
m s-1
A velocity is a vector quantity. 'x' indicates a vector component along the grid x-axis, positive with increasing x. 'Land ice' means glaciers, ice- caps and ice-sheets resting on bedrock and also includes ice-shelves. The surface called 'surface' means the lower boundary of the atmosphere.
IyrGre
yr
xgre ygre time
landIce
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
land_ice_basal_y_velocity
Y-Component of Land Ice Basal Velocity
m s-1
A velocity is a vector quantity. 'y' indicates a vector component along the grid y-axis, positive with increasing y. 'Land ice' means glaciers, ice- caps and ice-sheets resting on bedrock and also includes ice-shelves. 'basal' means the lower boundary of the land ice.
IyrGre
yr
xgre ygre time
landIce
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
land_ice_vertical_mean_y_velocity
Y-Component of Land Ice Vertical Mean Velocity
m s-1
The vertical mean land ice velocity is the average from the bedrock to the surface of the ice
IyrGre
yr
xgre ygre time
landIce
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
land_ice_surface_y_velocity
Y-Component of Land Ice Surface Velocity
m s-1
A velocity is a vector quantity. 'y' indicates a vector component along the grid y-axis, positive with increasing y. 'Land ice' means glaciers, ice- caps and ice-sheets resting on bedrock and also includes ice-shelves. The surface called 'surface' means the lower boundary of the atmosphere.'
IyrGre
yr
xgre ygre time
landIce
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
land_ice_basal_upward_velocity
Upward Component of Land-Ice Basal Velocity
m s-1
A velocity is a vector quantity. 'Upward' indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). 'basal' means the lower boundary of the atmosphere
IyrGre
yr
xgre ygre time
landIce
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
land_ice_surface_upward_velocity
Upward Component of Land-Ice Surface Velocity
m s-1
A velocity is a vector quantity. 'Upward' indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface called 'surface' means the lower boundary of the atmosphere
IyrGre
yr
xgre ygre time
landIce
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacellg
land_ice_surface_specific_mass_balance_flux
Ice Sheet Surface Mass Balance Flux
kg m-2 s-1
Specific mass balance means the net rate at which ice is added per unit area at the land ice surface. Computed as the total surface mass balance on the land ice portion of the grid cell divided by land ice area in the grid cell. A negative value means loss of ice
LImon
mon
longitude latitude time
landIce
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacella
age_of_surface_snow
Mean Age of Snow
day
Age of Snow (when computing the time-mean here, the time samples, weighted by the mass of snow on the land portion of the grid cell, are accumulated and then divided by the sum of the weights. Reported as missing data in regions free of snow on land.
LImon
mon
longitude latitude time
landIce land
area: mean where land time: mean (with samples weighted by snow mass)
area: areacella
surface_downward_heat_flux_in_snow
Downward Heat Flux into Snow Where Land over Land
W m-2
the net downward heat flux from the atmosphere into the snow that lies on land divided by the land area in the grid cell; reported as 0.0 for snow-free land regions or where the land fraction is 0.
LImon
mon
longitude latitude time
landIce land
down
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
surface_upward_latent_heat_flux
Ice Sheet Surface Upward Latent Heat Flux
W m-2
Upward latent heat flux from the ice sheet surface
LImon
mon
longitude latitude time
landIce
up
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacella
surface_upward_sensible_heat_flux
Ice Sheet Surface Upward Sensible Heat Flux
W m-2
Upward sensible heat flux from the ice sheet surface. The surface sensible heat flux, also called turbulent heat flux, is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air by motion of air.
LImon
mon
longitude latitude time
landIce
up
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacella
land_ice_surface_melt_flux
Ice Sheet Surface Ice Melt Flux
kg m-2 s-1
Loss of ice mass resulting from surface melting. Computed as the total surface melt water on the land ice portion of the grid cell divided by land ice area in the grid cell.
LImon
mon
longitude latitude time
landIce
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacella
temperature_at_top_of_ice_sheet_model
Ice Sheet Temperature at Top of Ice Sheet Model
K
Upper boundary temperature that is used to force ice sheet models. It is the temperature at the base of the snowpack models, and does not vary with seasons. Report surface temperature of ice sheet where snow thickness is zero
LImon
mon
longitude latitude time
landIce
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacella
liquid_water_content_of_surface_snow
Liquid Water Content of Snow Layer
kg m-2
The total mass of liquid water contained interstitially within the whole depth of the snow layer of the land portion of a grid cell divided by the area of the land portion of the cell.
LImon
mon
longitude latitude time
landIce land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
runoff_flux
Ice Sheet Total Runoff
kg m-2 s-1
The total run-off (including drainage through the base of the soil model) per unit area leaving the land portion of the grid cell.
LImon
mon
longitude latitude time
landIce
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacella
surface_altitude
Ice Sheet Surface Altitude
m
The surface called 'surface' means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. Altitude is the (geometric) height above the geoid, which is the reference geopotential surface. The geoid is similar to mean sea level.
LImon
mon
longitude latitude time
landIce
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacella
liquid_water_content_of_permafrost_layer
Liquid Water Content of Permafrost Layer
kg m-2
*where land over land*, i.e., this is the total mass of liquid water contained within the permafrost layer within the land portion of a grid cell divided by the area of the land portion of the cell.
LImon
mon
longitude latitude time
landIce land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
rainfall_flux
Ice Sheet Rainfall Rate
kg m-2 s-1
Rainfall rate over the ice sheet
LImon
mon
longitude latitude time
landIce
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacella
snowfall_flux
Ice Sheet Snowfall Flux
kg m-2 s-1
at surface; includes precipitation of all forms of water in the solid phase
LImon
mon
longitude latitude time
landIce
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacella
surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air
Ice Sheet Surface Downwelling Longwave Radiation
W m-2
The surface called 'surface' means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. 'longwave' means longwave radiation. Downwelling radiation is radiation from above. It does not mean 'net downward'. When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called 'irradiance'. In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called 'vector irradiance'. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per
LImon
mon
longitude latitude time
landIce
down
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacella
surface_upwelling_longwave_flux_in_air
Ice Sheet Surface Upwelling Longwave Radiation
W m-2
The surface called 'surface' means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. 'longwave' means longwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean 'net upward'. When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called 'irradiance'. In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called 'vector irradiance'. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit
LImon
mon
longitude latitude time
landIce
up
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacella
surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air
Ice Sheet Surface Downwelling Shortwave Radiation
W m-2
Surface solar irradiance for UV calculations
LImon
mon
longitude latitude time
landIce
down
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacella
surface_upwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air
Ice Sheet Surface Upwelling Shortwave Radiation
W m-2
The surface called 'surface' means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. 'shortwave' means shortwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean 'net upward'. When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called 'irradiance'. In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called 'vector irradiance'. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per un
The snow and ice sublimation flux is the loss of snow and ice mass per unit area from the surface resulting from their direct conversion to water vapor that enters the atmosphere.
The snow and ice sublimation flux is the loss of snow and ice mass per unit area from the surface resulting from their direct conversion to water vapor that enters the atmosphere.
LImon
mon
longitude latitude time
landIce
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacella
floating_ice_shelf_area_fraction
Floating Ice Shelf Area Percentage
%
Percentage of grid cell covered by floating ice shelf, the component of the ice sheet that is flowing over sea water
LImon
mon
longitude latitude time
landIce
area: time: mean
area: areacella
land_ice_area_fraction
Land Ice Area Percentage
%
Percentage of grid cell covered by land ice (ice sheet, ice shelf, ice cap, glacier)
LImon
mon
longitude latitude time
land
area: time: mean
area: areacella
grounded_ice_sheet_area_fraction
Grounded Ice Sheet Area Percentage
%
Percentage of grid cell covered by grounded ice sheet
LImon
mon
longitude latitude time
landIce
area: time: mean
area: areacella
surface_snow_area_fraction
Snow Area Percentage
%
Percentage of each grid cell that is occupied by snow that rests on land portion of cell.
LImon
mon
longitude latitude time
landIce land
area: time: mean
area: areacella
surface_snow_area_fraction
Ice Sheet Snow Cover Percentage
%
Percentage of each grid cell that is occupied by snow that rests on land portion of cell.
LImon
mon
longitude latitude time
landIce
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacella
surface_snow_thickness
Snow Depth
m
where land over land, this is computed as the mean thickness of snow in the land portion of the grid cell (averaging over the entire land portion, including the snow-free fraction). Reported as 0.0 where the land fraction is 0.
LImon
mon
longitude latitude time
landIce land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
surface_snow_and_ice_refreezing_flux
Ice Sheet Surface Snow and Ice Refreeze Flux
kg m-2 s-1
Mass flux of surface meltwater which refreezes within the snowpack. Computed as the total refreezing on the land ice portion of the grid cell divided by land ice area in the grid cell.
LImon
mon
longitude latitude time
landIce
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacella
surface_snow_and_ice_melt_flux
Ice Sheet Surface Snow and Ice Melt Flux
kg m-2 s-1
Loss of snow and ice mass resulting from surface melting. Computed as the total surface melt on the land ice portion of the grid cell divided by land ice area in the grid cell.
LImon
mon
longitude latitude time
landIce
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacella
surface_snow_melt_flux
Surface Snow Melt
kg m-2 s-1
The total surface snow melt rate on the land portion of the grid cell divided by the land area in the grid cell; report as zero for snow-free land regions and missing where there is no land.
LImon
mon
longitude latitude time
landIce land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
surface_snow_melt_flux
Ice Sheet Surface Snow Melt
kg m-2 s-1
The total surface snow melt rate on the land portion of the grid cell divided by the land area in the grid cell; report as zero for snow-free land regions and missing where there is no land.
LImon
mon
longitude latitude time
landIce
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacella
surface_snow_amount
Surface Snow Amount
kg m-2
The mass of surface snow on the land portion of the grid cell divided by the land area in the grid cell; reported as missing where the land fraction is 0; excludes snow on vegetation canopy or on sea ice.
LImon
mon
longitude latitude time
landIce land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
soot_content_of_surface_snow
Snow Soot Content
kg m-2
the entire land portion of the grid cell is considered, with snow soot content set to 0.0 in regions free of snow.
LImon
mon
longitude latitude time
landIce land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
air_temperature
Ice Sheet Near-Surface Air Temperature
K
near-surface (usually, 2 meter) air temperature
LImon
mon
longitude latitude time
landIce
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacella
permafrost_layer_thickness
Permafrost Layer Thickness
m
The mean thickness of the permafrost layer in the land portion of the grid cell. Reported as zero in permafrost-free regions.
LImon
mon
longitude latitude time
landIce land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
surface_temperature
Ice Sheet Surface Temperature
K
Temperature of the lower boundary of the atmosphere
LImon
mon
longitude latitude time
landIce
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacella
temperature_in_surface_snow
Snow Internal Temperature
K
This temperature is averaged over all the snow in the grid cell that rests on land or land ice. When computing the time-mean here, the time samples, weighted by the mass of snow on the land portion of the grid cell, are accumulated and then divided by the sum of the weights. Reported as missing in regions free of snow on land.
LImon
mon
longitude latitude time
landIce land
area: mean where land time: mean (with samples weighted by snow mass)
area: areacella
temperature_in_surface_snow
Ice Sheet Snow Internal Temperature
K
This temperature is averaged over all the snow in the grid cell that rests on land or land ice. When computing the time-mean here, the time samples, weighted by the mass of snow on the land portion of the grid cell, are accumulated and then divided by the sum of the weights. Reported as missing in regions free of snow on land.
LImon
mon
longitude latitude time
landIce
area: time: mean where ice_sheet
area: areacella
area_fraction
Bare Soil Percentage Area Coverage
%
Percentage of entire grid cell that is covered by bare soil.
Lmon
mon
longitude latitude time typebare
land
area: mean where land over all_area_types time: mean
area: areacella
area_fraction
Percentage of Entire Grid Cell That Is Covered by Burnt Vegetation (All Classes)
%
Percentage of grid cell burned due to all fires including natural and anthropogenic fires and those associated with anthropogenic Land-use change
Lmon
mon
longitude latitude time typeburnt
land
area: mean where land over all_area_types time: mean
area: areacella
area_fraction
Percentage Cover by C3 Plant Functional Type
%
Percentage of entire grid cell that is covered by C3 PFTs (including grass, crops, and trees).
Lmon
mon
longitude latitude time typec3pft
land
area: mean where land over all_area_types time: mean
area: areacella
area_fraction
Percentage Cover by C4 Plant Functional Type
%
Percentage of entire grid cell that is covered by C4 PFTs (including grass and crops).
Lmon
mon
longitude latitude time typec4pft
land
area: mean where land over all_area_types time: mean
area: areacella
wood_debris_mass_content_of_carbon
Carbon Mass in Coarse Woody Debris
kg m-2
Carbon mass per unit area in woody debris (dead organic matter composed of coarse wood. It is distinct from litter)
Lmon
mon
longitude latitude time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
leaf_mass_content_of_carbon
Carbon Mass in Leaves
kg m-2
Carbon mass per unit area in leaves.
Lmon
mon
longitude latitude time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
litter_mass_content_of_carbon
Carbon Mass in Litter Pool
kg m-2
'Litter' is dead plant material in or above the soil. It is distinct from coarse wood debris. The precise distinction between 'fine' and 'coarse' is model dependent. 'Content' indicates a quantity per unit area. The sum of the quantities with standard names surface_litter_mass_content_of_carbon and subsurface_litter_mass_content_of_carbon has the standard name litter_mass_content_of_carbon.
Lmon
mon
longitude latitude time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
surface_litter_mass_content_of_carbon
Carbon Mass in Above-Ground Litter
kg m-2
'Litter' is dead plant material in or above the soil. It is distinct from coarse wood debris. The precise distinction between 'fine' and 'coarse' is model dependent. 'Surface litter' means the part of the litter resting above the soil surface. 'Content' indicates a quantity per unit area. The sum of the quantities with standard names surface_litter_mass_content_of_carbon and subsurface_litter_mass_content_of_carbon has the standard name litter_mass_content_of_carbon.
Lmon
mon
longitude latitude time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
subsurface_litter_mass_content_of_carbon
Carbon Mass in Below-Ground Litter
kg m-2
'Litter' is dead plant material in or above the soil. It is distinct from coarse wood debris. The precise distinction between 'fine' and 'coarse' is model dependent. 'subsurface litter' means the part of the litter mixed within the soil below the surface. 'Content' indicates a quantity per unit area. The sum of the quantities with standard names surface_litter_mass_content_of_carbon and subsurface_litter_mass_content_of_carbon has the standard name litter_mass_content_of_carbon.
Carbon mass per unit area in that has been removed from the environment through land use change.
Lmon
mon
longitude latitude time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
root_mass_content_of_carbon
Carbon Mass in Roots
kg m-2
Carbon mass per unit area in roots, including fine and coarse roots.
Lmon
mon
longitude latitude time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
fast_soil_pool_mass_content_of_carbon
Carbon Mass in Fast Soil Pool
kg m-2
Carbon mass per unit area in fast soil pool. Fast means a lifetime of less than 10 years for reference climate conditions (20th century) in the absence of water limitations.
Lmon
mon
longitude latitude time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
medium_soil_pool_mass_content_of_carbon
Carbon Mass in Medium Soil Pool
kg m-2
Carbon mass per unit area in medium (rate) soil pool. Medium means a lifetime of more than than 10 years and less than 100 years for reference climate conditions (20th century) in the absence of water limitations.
Lmon
mon
longitude latitude time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
slow_soil_pool_mass_content_of_carbon
Carbon Mass in Slow Soil Pool
kg m-2
Carbon mass per unit area in slow soil pool. Slow means a lifetime of more than 100 years for reference climate (20th century) in the absence of water limitations.
Lmon
mon
longitude latitude time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
vegetation_carbon_content
Carbon Mass in Vegetation
kg m-2
Carbon mass per unit area in vegetation.
Lmon
mon
longitude latitude time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
area_fraction
Percentage Crop Cover
%
Percentage of entire grid cell that is covered by crop.
Lmon
mon
longitude latitude time typecrop
land
area: mean where land over all_area_types time: mean
area: areacella
water_evaporation_flux_from_soil
Water Evaporation from Soil
kg m-2 s-1
Water evaporation from soil (including sublimation).
Lmon
mon
longitude latitude time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
water_evaporation_flux_from_canopy
Evaporation from Canopy
kg m-2 s-1
The canopy evaporation and sublimation (if present in model); may include dew formation as a negative flux.
Carbon Mass Flux into Atmosphere Due to CO2 Emission from Fire Excluding Land-Use Change [kgC m-2 s-1]
kg m-2 s-1
CO2 emissions (expressed as a carbon mass flux per unit area) from natural fires and human ignition fires as calculated by the fire module of the dynamic vegetation model, but excluding any CO2 flux from fire included in fLuc (CO2 Flux to Atmosphere from Land Use Change).
Carbon Mass Flux into Atmosphere Due to Crop Harvesting [kgC m-2 s-1]
kg m-2 s-1
Carbon mass flux per unit area due to crop harvesting
Lmon
mon
longitude latitude time
land
up
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
carbon_mass_flux_into_soil_from_litter
Total Carbon Mass Flux from Litter to Soil
kg m-2 s-1
Carbon mass flux per unit area into soil from litter (dead plant material in or above the soil).
Lmon
mon
longitude latitude time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
mass_flux_of_carbon_into_litter_from_vegetation
Total Carbon Mass Flux from Vegetation to Litter
kg m-2 s-1
In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics. 'Vegetation' means any living plants e.g. trees, shrubs, grass. 'Litter' is dead plant material in or above the soil. It is distinct from coarse wood debris. The precise distinction between 'fine' and 'coarse' is model dependent. The sum of the quantities with standard names mass_flux_of_carbon_into_litter_from_vegetatio n_due_to_mortality and mass_flux_of_carbon_into_litt
Carbon Mass Flux out of Atmosphere Due to Gross Primary Production on Land [kgC m-2 s-1]
kg m-2 s-1
The rate of synthesis of biomass from inorganic precursors by autotrophs ('producers') expressed as the mass of carbon which it contains. For example, photosynthesis in plants or phytoplankton. The producers also respire some of this biomass and the difference is referred to as the net primary production.
Lmon
mon
longitude latitude time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
area_fraction
Natural Grass Area Percentage
%
Percentage of entire grid cell that is covered by natural grass.
Lmon
mon
longitude latitude time typenatgr
land
area: mean where land over all_area_types time: mean
area: areacella
leaf_area_index
Leaf Area Index
1
A ratio obtained by dividing the total upper leaf surface area of vegetation by the (horizontal) surface area of the land on which it grows.
Lmon
mon
longitude latitude time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
area_fraction
Percentage of Area by Vegetation or Land-Cover Category
%
Percentage of grid cell area occupied by different model vegetation/land cover categories. The categories may differ from model to model, depending on each model's subgrid land cover category definitions. Categories may include natural vegetation, anthropogenic vegetation, bare soil, lakes, urban areas, glaciers, etc. Sum of all should equal the percentage of the grid cell that is land.
Lmon
mon
longitude latitude vegtype time
land
area: mean where land over all_area_types time: mean
area: areacella
soil_frozen_water_content
Soil Frozen Water Content
kg m-2
The mass per unit area (summed over all model layers) of frozen water.
Lmon
mon
longitude latitude time
land landIce
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
runoff_flux
Total Runoff
kg m-2 s-1
The total run-off (including drainage through the base of the soil model) per unit area leaving the land portion of the grid cell.
Lmon
mon
longitude latitude time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
surface_runoff_flux
Surface Runoff
kg m-2 s-1
The total surface run off leaving the land portion of the grid cell (excluding drainage through the base of the soil model).
Lmon
mon
longitude latitude time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
mass_content_of_water_in_soil
Total Soil Moisture Content
kg m-2
the mass per unit area (summed over all soil layers) of water in all phases.
Lmon
mon
longitude latitude time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
mass_content_of_water_in_soil_layer
Moisture in Upper Portion of Soil Column
kg m-2
The mass of water in all phases in the upper 10cm of the soil layer.
Carbon Mass Flux out of Atmosphere Due to Net Biospheric Production on Land [kgC m-2 s-1]
kg m-2 s-1
This is the net mass flux of carbon from atmosphere into land, calculated as photosynthesis MINUS the sum of plant and soil respiration, carbon fluxes from fire, harvest, grazing and land use change. Positive flux is into the land.
Net Primary Production on Land as Carbon Mass Flux [kgC m-2 s-1]
kg m-2 s-1
'Production of carbon' means the production of biomass expressed as the mass of carbon which it contains. Net primary production is the excess of gross primary production (rate of synthesis of biomass from inorganic precursors) by autotrophs ('producers'), for example, photosynthesis in plants or phytoplankton, over the rate at which the autotrophs themselves respire some of this biomass. 'Productivity' means production per unit area. The phrase 'expressed_as' is used in the construction A_expre
Parameterized mesoscale eddy advection occurs on a spatial scale of many tens of kilometres and an evolutionary time of weeks(sometimes called bolus advection). Reference: James C. McWilliams 2016, Submesoscale currents in the ocean, Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, volume 472, issue 2189. DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2016.0117.
Oclim
monC
longitude latitude olevel time2
ocean
area: mean time: mean within years time: mean over years
Parameterized mesoscale eddy advection occurs on a spatial scale of many tens of kilometres and an evolutionary time of weeks(sometimes called bolus advection). Reference: James C. McWilliams 2016, Submesoscale currents in the ocean, Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, volume 472, issue 2189. DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2016.0117.
Oclim
monC
longitude latitude time2
ocean
area: mean time: mean within years time: mean over years
Ocean Tracer Diffusivity Due to Parameterized Mesoscale Advection
m2 s-1
Ocean tracer diffusivity associated with parameterized eddy-induced advective transport. Sometimes this diffusivity is called the 'thickness' diffusivity. For CMIP5, this diagnostic was called 'ocean tracer bolus laplacian diffusivity'. The CMIP6 name is physically more relevant.
Oclim
monC
longitude latitude olevel time2
ocean
area: mean time: mean within years time: mean over years
Ocean Tracer Diffusivity Due to Parameterized Mesoscale Advection
m2 s-1
Ocean tracer diffusivity associated with parameterized eddy-induced advective transport. Sometimes this diffusivity is called the 'thickness' diffusivity. For CMIP5, this diagnostic was called 'ocean tracer bolus laplacian diffusivity'. The CMIP6 name is physically more relevant.
Oclim
monC
longitude latitude time2
ocean
area: mean time: mean within years time: mean over years
area: areacello
ocean_tracer_epineutral_biharmonic_diffusivity
Ocean Tracer Epineutral Biharmonic Diffusivity
m4 s-1
Epineutral diffusivity means a lateral diffusivity along a either a neutral or isopycnal density surface due to motion which is not resolved on the grid scale of an ocean model. The type of density surface is dependent on the model formulation.
Oclim
monC
longitude latitude olevel time2
ocean
area: mean time: mean within years time: mean over years
area: areacello volume: volcello
ocean_tracer_epineutral_biharmonic_diffusivity
Ocean Tracer Epineutral Biharmonic Diffusivity
m4 s-1
Epineutral diffusivity means a lateral diffusivity along a either a neutral or isopycnal density surface due to motion which is not resolved on the grid scale of an ocean model. The type of density surface is dependent on the model formulation.
Oclim
monC
longitude latitude time2
ocean
area: mean time: mean within years time: mean over years
area: areacello
ocean_tracer_epineutral_laplacian_diffusivity
Ocean Tracer Epineutral Laplacian Diffusivity
m2 s-1
Ocean tracer diffusivity associated with parameterized eddy-induced diffusive transport oriented along neutral or isopycnal directions. Sometimes this diffusivity is called the neutral diffusivity or isopycnal diffusivity or Redi diffusivity.
Oclim
monC
longitude latitude olevel time2
ocean
area: mean time: mean within years time: mean over years
area: areacello volume: volcello
ocean_tracer_epineutral_laplacian_diffusivity
Ocean Tracer Epineutral Laplacian Diffusivity
m2 s-1
Ocean tracer diffusivity associated with parameterized eddy-induced diffusive transport oriented along neutral or isopycnal directions. Sometimes this diffusivity is called the neutral diffusivity or isopycnal diffusivity or Redi diffusivity.
Oclim
monC
longitude latitude time2
ocean
area: mean time: mean within years time: mean over years
area: areacello
ocean_tracer_xy_biharmonic_diffusivity
Ocean Tracer XY Biharmonic Diffusivity
m4 s-1
Diffusivity is also sometimes known as the coefficient of diffusion. Diffusion occurs as a result of a gradient in the spatial distribution of mass concentration, temperature or momentum. The diffusivity may be very different in the vertical and horizontal directions. 'xy diffusivity' means the lateral along_coordinate component of diffusivity due to motion which is not resolved on the grid scale of the model. xy diffusivities are used in some ocean models to counteract the numerical instabiliti
Oclim
monC
longitude latitude olevel time2
ocean
area: mean time: mean within years time: mean over years
area: areacello volume: volcello
ocean_tracer_xy_biharmonic_diffusivity
Ocean Tracer XY Biharmonic Diffusivity
m4 s-1
Diffusivity is also sometimes known as the coefficient of diffusion. Diffusion occurs as a result of a gradient in the spatial distribution of mass concentration, temperature or momentum. The diffusivity may be very different in the vertical and horizontal directions. 'xy diffusivity' means the lateral along_coordinate component of diffusivity due to motion which is not resolved on the grid scale of the model. xy diffusivities are used in some ocean models to counteract the numerical instabiliti
Oclim
monC
longitude latitude time2
ocean
area: mean time: mean within years time: mean over years
area: areacello
ocean_tracer_xy_laplacian_diffusivity
Ocean Tracer XY Laplacian Diffusivity
m2 s-1
Diffusivity is also sometimes known as the coefficient of diffusion. Diffusion occurs as a result of a gradient in the spatial distribution of mass concentration, temperature or momentum. The diffusivity may be very different in the vertical and horizontal directions. 'xy diffusivity' means the lateral along_coordinate component of diffusivity due to motion which is not resolved on the grid scale of the model. xy diffusivities are used in some ocean models to counteract the numerical instabiliti
Oclim
monC
longitude latitude olevel time2
ocean
area: mean time: mean within years time: mean over years
area: areacello volume: volcello
ocean_tracer_xy_laplacian_diffusivity
Ocean Tracer XY Laplacian Diffusivity
m2 s-1
Diffusivity is also sometimes known as the coefficient of diffusion. Diffusion occurs as a result of a gradient in the spatial distribution of mass concentration, temperature or momentum. The diffusivity may be very different in the vertical and horizontal directions. 'xy diffusivity' means the lateral along_coordinate component of diffusivity due to motion which is not resolved on the grid scale of the model. xy diffusivities are used in some ocean models to counteract the numerical instabiliti
Oclim
monC
longitude latitude time2
ocean
area: mean time: mean within years time: mean over years
area: areacello
ocean_vertical_heat_diffusivity
Ocean Vertical Heat Diffusivity
m2 s-1
Vertical/dianeutral diffusivity applied to prognostic temperature field.
Oclim
monC
longitude latitude olevel time2
ocean
area: mean time: mean within years time: mean over years
Ocean Vertical Momentum Diffusivity Due to Background
m2 s-1
Vertical/dianeutral diffusivity applied to momentum due to the background (i.e. caused by a time invariant imposed field which may be either constant over the globe or spatially varying, depending on the ocean model used).
Oclim
monC
longitude latitude olevel time2
ocean
area: mean time: mean within years time: mean over years
Ocean Vertical Momentum Diffusivity Due to Form Drag
m2 s-1
Vertical/dianeutral diffusivity applied to momentum due to form drag (i.e. resulting from a model scheme representing mesoscale eddy-induced form drag).
Oclim
monC
longitude latitude olevel time2
ocean
area: mean time: mean within years time: mean over years
area: areacello volume: volcello
ocean_vertical_momentum_diffusivity
Ocean Vertical Momentum Diffusivity
m2 s-1
Vertical/dianeutral diffusivity applied to momentum.
Oclim
monC
longitude latitude olevel time2
ocean
area: mean time: mean within years time: mean over years
area: areacello volume: volcello
ocean_vertical_momentum_diffusivity_due_to_tides
Ocean Vertical Momentum Diffusivity Due to Tides
m2 s-1
Diffusivity is also sometimes known as the coefficient of diffusion. Diffusion occurs as a result of a gradient in the spatial distribution of mass concentration, temperature or momentum. The diffusivity may be very different in the vertical and horizontal directions. The construction vertical_X_diffusivity means the vertical component of the diffusivity of X due to motion which is not resolved on the grid scale of the model. 'Due to tides' means due to all astronomical gravity changes which man
Oclim
monC
longitude latitude olevel time2
ocean
area: mean time: mean within years time: mean over years
area: areacello volume: volcello
ocean_vertical_salt_diffusivity
Ocean Vertical Salt Diffusivity
m2 s-1
Vertical/dianeutral diffusivity applied to prognostic salinity field.
Oclim
monC
longitude latitude olevel time2
ocean
area: mean time: mean within years time: mean over years
Ocean Vertical Tracer Diffusivity Due to Background
m2 s-1
Vertical/dianeutral diffusivity applied to tracers due to the background (i.e. caused by a time invariant imposed field which may be either constant over the globe or spatially varying, depending on the ocean model used).
Oclim
monC
longitude latitude olevel time2
ocean
area: mean time: mean within years time: mean over years
area: areacello volume: volcello
ocean_vertical_tracer_diffusivity_due_to_tides
Ocean Vertical Tracer Diffusivity Due to Tides
m2 s-1
Vertical/dianeutral diffusivity applied to tracers due to tides (i.e. caused by astronomical gravity changes which manifest as tides).
Oclim
monC
longitude latitude olevel time2
ocean
area: mean time: mean within years time: mean over years
Ocean Kinetic Energy Dissipation per Unit Area Due to Vertical Friction
W m-2
Friction, leading to the dissipation of kinetic energy, arises in ocean models as a result of the viscosity of sea water. Generally, the lateral (xy) viscosity is given a large value to maintain the numerical stability of the model. In contrast, the vertical viscosity is usually much smaller. The specification of a physical process by the phrase due_to_process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase
Oclim
monC
longitude latitude olevel time2
ocean
area: mean time: mean within years time: mean over years
Ocean Kinetic Energy Dissipation per Unit Area Due to XY Friction
W m-2
Depth integrated impacts on kinetic energy arising from lateral frictional dissipation associated with Laplacian and/or biharmonic viscosity. For CMIP5, this diagnostic was 3d, whereas the CMIP6 depth integrated diagnostic is sufficient for many purposes and reduces archive requirements.
Oclim
monC
longitude latitude olevel time2
ocean
area: mean time: mean within years time: mean over years
Ocean Kinetic Energy Dissipation per Unit Area Due to XY Friction
W m-2
Depth integrated impacts on kinetic energy arising from lateral frictional dissipation associated with Laplacian and/or biharmonic viscosity. For CMIP5, this diagnostic was 3d, whereas the CMIP6 depth integrated diagnostic is sufficient for many purposes and reduces archive requirements.
Oclim
monC
longitude latitude time2
ocean
area: mean time: mean within years time: mean over years
Tendency of Ocean Eddy Kinetic Energy Content Due to Parameterized Eddy Advection
W m-2
Depth integrated impacts on kinetic energy arising from parameterized eddy-induced advection. For CMIP5, this diagnostic was 3d, whereas the CMIP6 depth integrated diagnostic is sufficient for many purposes and reduces archive requirements.
Oclim
monC
longitude latitude olevel time2
ocean
area: mean time: mean within years time: mean over years
Tendency of Ocean Eddy Kinetic Energy Content Due to Parameterized Eddy Advection
W m-2
Depth integrated impacts on kinetic energy arising from parameterized eddy-induced advection. For CMIP5, this diagnostic was 3d, whereas the CMIP6 depth integrated diagnostic is sufficient for many purposes and reduces archive requirements.
Oclim
monC
longitude latitude time2
ocean
area: mean time: mean within years time: mean over years
area: areacello
tendency_of_ocean_potential_energy_content
Tendency of Ocean Potential Energy Content
W m-2
Rate that work is done against vertical stratification, as measured by the vertical heat and salt diffusivity. Report here as depth integrated two-dimensional field.
Oclim
monC
longitude latitude olevel time2
ocean
area: mean time: mean within years time: mean over years
Tendency of Ocean Potential Energy Content Due to Tides
W m-2
'Content' indicates a quantity per unit area. Potential energy is the sum of the gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the centripetal potential energy. (The geopotential is the specific potential energy.) 'Due to tides' means due to all astronomical gravity changes which manifest as tides. No distinction is made between different tidal components. The specification of a physical process by the phrase due_to_process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of te
Oclim
monC
longitude latitude olevel time2
ocean
area: mean time: mean within years time: mean over years
Tendency of Ocean Potential Energy Content Due to Background
W m-2
'Content' indicates a quantity per unit area. Potential energy is the sum of the gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the centripetal potential energy. (The geopotential is the specific potential energy.) 'Due to background' means caused by a time invariant imposed field which may be either constant over the globe or spatially varying, depending on the ocean model used. The specification of a physical process by the phrase due_to_process means that the quantity named is a sin
Oclim
monC
longitude latitude olevel time2
ocean
area: mean time: mean within years time: mean over years
area: areacello volume: volcello
depth_below_geoid
Depth Below Geoid of Ocean Layer
m
Depth below geoid
Oclim
monC
longitude latitude olevel time2
ocean
area: mean time: mean within years time: mean over years
area: areacello volume: volcello
depth_below_geoid
Depth Below Geoid of Interfaces Between Ocean Layers
m
Depth below geoid
Oclim
monC
longitude latitude olevhalf time2
ocean
area: mean time: mean within years time: mean over years
Surface Mass Concentration of Total Phytoplankton Expressed as Chlorophyll in Sea Water
kg m-3
Sum of chlorophyll from all phytoplankton group concentrations at the sea surface. In most models this is equal to chldiat+chlmisc, that is the sum of 'Diatom Chlorophyll Mass Concentration' plus 'Other Phytoplankton Chlorophyll Mass Concentration'
Mean Daily Maximum Ocean Mixed Layer Thickness Defined by Mixing Scheme
m
The ocean mixed layer is the upper part of the ocean, regarded as being well-mixed. The base of the mixed layer defined by the mixing scheme is a diagnostic of ocean models. 'Thickness' means the vertical extent of a layer.
sum of phytoplankton organic carbon component concentrations at the sea surface
Oday
day
longitude latitude time
ocnBgchem
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello
sea_surface_salinity
Sea Surface Salinity
0.001
Sea water salinity is the salt content of sea water, often on the Practical Salinity Scale of 1978. However, the unqualified term 'salinity' is generic and does not necessarily imply any particular method of calculation. The units of salinity are dimensionless and the units attribute should normally be given as 1e-3 or 0.001 i.e. parts per thousand.
Oday
day
longitude latitude time
ocean
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello
square_of_sea_surface_salinity
Square of Sea Surface Salinity
1.00E-06
Sea water salinity is the salt content of sea water, often on the Practical Salinity Scale of 1978. However, the unqualified term 'salinity' is generic and does not necessarily imply any particular method of calculation. The units of salinity are dimensionless and the units attribute should normally be given as 1e-3 or 0.001 i.e. parts per thousand.
Oday
day
longitude latitude time
ocean
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello
sea_surface_temperature
Sea Surface Temperature
degC
Temperature of upper boundary of the liquid ocean, including temperatures below sea-ice and floating ice shelves.
Oday
day
longitude latitude time
ocean
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello
square_of_sea_surface_temperature
Square of Sea Surface Temperature
degC2
Square of temperature of liquid ocean.
Oday
day
longitude latitude time
ocean
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello
sea_water_age_since_surface_contact
Sea Water Age Since Surface Contact
yr
Time elapsed since water was last in surface layer of the ocean.
Odec
dec
longitude latitude olevel time
ocean
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello volume: volcello
sea_water_conservative_temperature
Sea Water Conservative Temperature
degC
Sea water conservative temperature (this should be contributed only for models using conservative temperature as prognostic field)
Odec
dec
longitude latitude olevel time
ocean
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello volume: volcello
sea_water_conservative_temperature
Global Average Sea Water Conservative Temperature
degC
Diagnostic should be contributed only for models using conservative temperature as prognostic field.
Odec
dec
time
ocean
area: mean where sea time: mean
northward_ocean_heat_transport
Northward Ocean Heat Transport
W
Contains contributions from all physical processes affecting the northward heat transport, including resolved advection, parameterized advection, lateral diffusion, etc. Diagnosed here as a function of latitude and basin. Use Celsius for temperature scale.
Odec
dec
latitude basin time
ocean
longitude: sum (comment: basin sum [along zig-zag grid path]) depth: sum time: mean
surface_downward_heat_flux_in_sea_water
Downward Heat Flux at Sea Water Surface
W m-2
This is the net flux of heat entering the liquid water column through its upper surface (excluding any 'flux adjustment') .
Odec
dec
longitude latitude time
ocean
down
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello
sea_water_mass_per_unit_area
Ocean Grid-Cell Mass per Area
kg m-2
Tracer grid-cell mass per unit area used for computing tracer budgets. For Boussinesq models with static ocean grid cell thickness, masscello = rhozero*thickcello, where thickcello is static cell thickness and rhozero is constant Boussinesq reference density. More generally, masscello is time dependent and reported as part of Omon.
Odec
dec
longitude latitude olevel time
ocean
area: sum where sea time: mean
area: areacello volume: volcello
sea_water_mass
Sea Water Mass
kg
Total mass of liquid sea water. For Boussinesq models, report this diagnostic as Boussinesq reference density times total volume.
Odec
dec
time
ocean
area: sum where sea time: mean
ocean_meridional_overturning_mass_streamfunction
Ocean Meridional Overturning Mass Streamfunction
kg s-1
Overturning mass streamfunction arising from all advective mass transport processes, resolved and parameterized.
Odec
dec
latitude rho basin time
ocean
longitude: sum (comment: basin sum [along zig-zag grid path]) depth: sum time: mean
ocean_meridional_overturning_mass_streamfunction
Ocean Meridional Overturning Mass Streamfunction
kg s-1
Overturning mass streamfunction arising from all advective mass transport processes, resolved and parameterized.
Odec
dec
latitude olevel basin time
ocean
longitude: sum (comment: basin sum [along zig-zag grid path]) depth: sum time: mean
ocean_y_overturning_mass_streamfunction
Ocean Y Overturning Mass Streamfunction
kg s-1
Overturning mass streamfunction arising from all advective mass transport processes, resolved and parameterized.
Odec
dec
gridlatitude rho basin time
ocean
time: mean grid_longitude: mean
ocean_y_overturning_mass_streamfunction
Ocean Y Overturning Mass Streamfunction
kg s-1
Overturning mass streamfunction arising from all advective mass transport processes, resolved and parameterized.
Odec
dec
gridlatitude olevel basin time
ocean
time: mean grid_longitude: mean
downward_sea_ice_basal_salt_flux
Downward Sea Ice Basal Salt Flux
kg m-2 s-1
This field is physical, and it arises since sea ice has a nonzero salt content, so it exchanges salt with the liquid ocean upon melting and freezing.
Odec
dec
longitude latitude time
ocean seaIce
down
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello
salt_flux_into_sea_water_from_rivers
Salt Flux into Sea Water from Rivers
kg m-2 s-1
This field is physical, and it arises when rivers carry a nonzero salt content. Often this is zero, with rivers assumed to be fresh.
Odec
dec
longitude latitude time
ocean
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello
sea_water_salinity
Sea Water Salinity
0.001
Sea water salinity is the salt content of sea water, often on the Practical Salinity Scale of 1978. However, the unqualified term 'salinity' is generic and does not necessarily imply any particular method of calculation. The units of salinity are dimensionless and the units attribute should normally be given as 1e-3 or 0.001 i.e. parts per thousand.
Odec
dec
longitude latitude olevel time
ocean
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello volume: volcello
sea_water_salinity
Global Mean Sea Water Salinity
0.001
Sea water salinity is the salt content of sea water, often on the Practical Salinity Scale of 1978. However, the unqualified term 'salinity' is generic and does not necessarily imply any particular method of calculation. The units of salinity are dimensionless and the units attribute should normally be given as 1e-3 or 0.001 i.e. parts per thousand.
Odec
dec
time
ocean
area: mean where sea time: mean
sea_surface_salinity
Sea Surface Salinity
0.001
Sea water salinity is the salt content of sea water, often on the Practical Salinity Scale of 1978. However, the unqualified term 'salinity' is generic and does not necessarily imply any particular method of calculation. The units of salinity are dimensionless and the units attribute should normally be given as 1e-3 or 0.001 i.e. parts per thousand.
Odec
dec
longitude latitude time
ocean
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello
sea_surface_salinity
Global Average Sea Surface Salinity
0.001
Sea water salinity is the salt content of sea water, often on the Practical Salinity Scale of 1978. However, the unqualified term 'salinity' is generic and does not necessarily imply any particular method of calculation. The units of salinity are dimensionless and the units attribute should normally be given as 1e-3 or 0.001 i.e. parts per thousand.
Odec
dec
time
ocean
area: mean where sea time: mean
downward_x_stress_at_sea_water_surface
Sea Water Surface Downward X Stress
N m-2
This is the stress on the liquid ocean from overlying atmosphere, sea ice, ice shelf, etc.
Odec
dec
longitude latitude time
ocean
down
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello
downward_y_stress_at_sea_water_surface
Sea Water Surface Downward Y Stress
N m-2
This is the stress on the liquid ocean from overlying atmosphere, sea ice, ice shelf, etc.
Odec
dec
longitude latitude time
ocean
down
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello
sea_water_potential_temperature
Sea Water Potential Temperature
degC
Diagnostic should be contributed even for models using conservative temperature as prognostic field.
Odec
dec
longitude latitude olevel time
ocean
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello volume: volcello
sea_water_potential_temperature
Global Average Sea Water Potential Temperature
degC
Diagnostic should be contributed even for models using conservative temperature as prognostic field
Odec
dec
time
ocean
area: mean where sea time: mean
cell_thickness
Ocean Model Cell Thickness
m
'Thickness' means the vertical extent of a layer. 'Cell' refers to a model grid-cell.
Odec
dec
longitude latitude olevel time
ocean
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello volume: volcello
sea_surface_temperature
Sea Surface Temperature
degC
Temperature of upper boundary of the liquid ocean, including temperatures below sea-ice and floating ice shelves.
Odec
dec
longitude latitude time
ocean
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello
sea_surface_temperature
Global Average Sea Surface Temperature
degC
Temperature of upper boundary of the liquid ocean, including temperatures below sea-ice and floating ice shelves.
Odec
dec
time
ocean
area: mean where sea time: mean
sea_water_x_velocity
Sea Water X Velocity
m s-1
Prognostic x-ward velocity component resolved by the model.
Odec
dec
longitude latitude olevel time
ocean
time: mean
--OPT
sea_water_y_velocity
Sea Water Y Velocity
m s-1
Prognostic y-ward velocity component resolved by the model.
Odec
dec
longitude latitude olevel time
ocean
time: mean
--OPT
ocean_volume
Ocean Grid-Cell Volume
m3
grid-cell volume ca. 2000.
Odec
dec
longitude latitude olevel time
ocean
area: sum where sea time: mean
area: areacello volume: volcello
sea_water_volume
Sea Water Volume
m3
Total volume of liquid sea water.
Odec
dec
time
ocean
area: sum where sea time: mean
water_flux_into_sea_water
Water Flux into Sea Water
kg m-2 s-1
Computed as the water flux into the ocean divided by the area of the ocean portion of the grid cell. This is the sum *wfonocorr* and *wfcorr*.
Odec
dec
longitude latitude time
ocean
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello
upward_sea_water_velocity
Sea Water Vertical Velocity
m s-1
A velocity is a vector quantity. 'Upward' indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward).
Odec
dec
longitude latitude olevel time
ocean
time: mean
--OPT
cell_area
Grid-Cell Area for Ocean Variables
m2
Horizontal area of ocean grid cells
Ofx
fx
longitude latitude
ocean
area: sum
region
Region Selection Index
1
A variable with the standard name of region contains strings which indicate geographical regions. These strings must be chosen from the standard region list.
Ofx
fx
longitude latitude
ocean
area: mean
area: areacello
sea_floor_depth_below_geoid
Sea Floor Depth Below Geoid
m
Ocean bathymetry. Reported here is the sea floor depth for present day relative to z=0 geoid. Reported as missing for land grid cells.
Ofx
fx
longitude latitude
ocean
area: mean where sea
area: areacello
upward_geothermal_heat_flux_at_sea_floor
Upward Geothermal Heat Flux at Sea Floor
W m-2
Upward geothermal heat flux per unit area on the sea floor
Ofx
fx
longitude latitude
ocean
up
area: mean where sea
area: areacello
sea_water_mass_per_unit_area
Ocean Grid-Cell Mass per Area
kg m-2
Tracer grid-cell mass per unit area used for computing tracer budgets. For Boussinesq models with static ocean grid cell thickness, masscello = rhozero*thickcello, where thickcello is static cell thickness and rhozero is constant Boussinesq reference density. More generally, masscello is time dependent and reported as part of Omon.
Ofx
fx
longitude latitude olevel
ocean
area: sum
area: areacello volume: volcello
sea_area_fraction
Sea Area Percentage
%
Percentage of horizontal area occupied by ocean.
Ofx
fx
longitude latitude
ocean
area: mean
area: areacello
cell_thickness
Ocean Model Cell Thickness
m
'Thickness' means the vertical extent of a layer. 'Cell' refers to a model grid-cell.
Ofx
fx
longitude latitude olevel
ocean
area: mean
area: areacello volume: volcello
longitude
UGRID Grid Specification
Ony required for models with unstructured grids: this label should be used for a file containing information about the grid structure, following the UGRID convention.
Ofx
fx
longitude latitude
ocean
--UGRID
ocean_volume
Ocean Grid-Cell Volume
m3
grid-cell volume ca. 2000.
Ofx
fx
longitude latitude olevel
ocean
area: sum
area: areacello volume: volcello
sea_water_age_since_surface_contact
Sea Water Age Since Surface Contact
yr
Time elapsed since water was last in surface layer of the ocean.
sum of particulate calcite component concentrations (e.g. Phytoplankton, Detrital, etc.)
Omon
mon
longitude latitude time
ocnBgchem
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello
mole_concentration_of_cfc11_in_sea_water
Mole Concentration of CFC11 in Sea Water
mol m-3
Mole concentration means number of moles per unit volume, also called 'molarity', and is used in the construction 'mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y', where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'. The chemical formula of CFC11 is CFCl3. The IUPAC name for CFC11 is trichloro-fluoro-methane.
Omon
mon
longitude latitude olevel time
ocean
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello volume: volcello
mole_concentration_of_cfc12_in_sea_water
Mole Concentration of CFC12 in Sea Water
mol m-3
Mole concentration means number of moles per unit volume, also called 'molarity', and is used in the construction 'mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y', where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'. The chemical formula for CFC12 is CF2Cl2. The IUPAC name for CFC12 is dichloro-difluoro-methane.
Mass Concentration of Total Phytoplankton Expressed as Chlorophyll in Sea Water
kg m-3
Sum of chlorophyll from all phytoplankton group concentrations. In most models this is equal to chldiat+chlmisc, that is the sum of Diatom Chlorophyll Mass Concentration and Other Phytoplankton Chlorophyll Mass Concentration
Surface Mass Concentration of Total Phytoplankton Expressed as Chlorophyll in Sea Water
kg m-3
Sum of chlorophyll from all phytoplankton group concentrations at the sea surface. In most models this is equal to chldiat+chlmisc, that is the sum of 'Diatom Chlorophyll Mass Concentration' plus 'Other Phytoplankton Chlorophyll Mass Concentration'
Mole concentration (number of moles per unit volume: molarity) of the abiotic-analogue carbonate anion (CO3). An abiotic analogue is used to simulate the effect on a modelled variable when biological effects on ocean carbon concentration and alkalinity are ignored.
Near surface mole concentration (number of moles per unit volume: molarity) of the abiotic-analogue carbonate anion (CO3). An abiotic analogue is used to simulate the effect on a modelled variable when biological effects on ocean carbon concentration and alkalinity are ignored.
Surface mole concentration (number of moles per unit volume: molarity) of the natural-analogue carbonate anion (CO3). A natural analogue is used to simulate the effect on a modelled variable of imposing preindustrial atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, even when the model as a whole may be subjected to varying forcings.
Near surface mole concentration (number of moles per unit volume: molarity) of the natural-analogue carbonate anion (CO3). A natural analogue is used to simulate the effect on a modelled variable of imposing preindustrial atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, even when the model as a whole may be subjected to varying forcings.
Mole Concentration of Carbonate Ion in Equilibrium with Pure Aragonite in Sea Water
mol m-3
Mole concentration (number of moles per unit volume: molarity) of the carbonate anion (CO3) for sea water in equilibrium with pure Aragonite. Aragonite (CaCO3) is a mineral that is a polymorph of calcium carbonate.
Surface Mole Concentration of Carbonate Ion in Equilibrium with Pure Aragonite in Sea Water
mol m-3
Near surface mole concentration (number of moles per unit volume: molarity) of the carbonate anion (CO3) for sea water in equilibrium with pure Aragonite. Aragonite (CaCO3) is a mineral that is a polymorph of calcium carbonate.
Mole Concentration of Carbonate Ion in Equilibrium with Pure Calcite in Sea Water
mol m-3
Mole concentration (number of moles per unit volume: molarity) of the carbonate anion (CO3) for sea water in equilibrium with pure calcite. Aragonite (CaCO3) is a mineral that is a polymorph of calcium carbonate.
Surface Mole Concentration of Carbonate Ion in Equilibrium with Pure Calcite in Sea Water
mol m-3
Near surface mole concentration (number of moles per unit volume: molarity) of the carbonate anion (CO3) for sea water in equilibrium with pure calcite. Aragonite (CaCO3) is a mineral that is a polymorph of calcium carbonate.
Difference in partial pressure of carbon dioxide between sea water and air. The partial pressure of a dissolved gas in sea water is the partial pressure in air with which it would be in equilibrium.
Difference in partial pressure of abiotic-analogue carbon dioxide between sea water and air. The partial pressure of a dissolved gas in sea water is the partial pressure in air with which it would be in equilibrium. An abiotic analogue is used to simulate the effect on a modelled variable when biological effects on ocean carbon concentration and alkalinity are ignored.
Difference in partial pressure of natural-analogue carbon dioxide between sea water and air. The partial pressure of a dissolved gas in sea water is the partial pressure in air with which it would be in equilibrium. A natural analogue is used to simulate the effect on a modelled variable of imposing preindustrial atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, even when the model as a whole may be subjected to varying forcings.
The partial pressure of a dissolved gas in sea water is the partial pressure in air with which it would be in equilibrium. The partial pressure of a gaseous constituent of air is the pressure which it alone would exert with unchanged temperature and number of moles per unit volume. The surface called 'surface' means the lower boundary of the atmosphere.
The phrase 'expressed_as' is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics. 'Sinking' is the gravitational settling of particulate matter suspended in a liquid. A sinking flu
The phrase 'expressed_as' is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics. 'Sinking' is the gravitational settling of particulate matter suspended in a liquid. A sinking flu
The phrase 'expressed_as' is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics. 'Sinking' is the gravitational settling of particulate matter suspended in a liquid. A sinking flu
In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics. 'Sinking' is the gravitational settling of particulate matter suspended in a liquid. A sinking flux is positive downwards and is calculated relative to the movement of the surrounding fluid.
In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics. 'Sinking' is the gravitational settling of particulate matter suspended in a liquid. A sinking flux is positive downwards and is calculated relative to the movement of the surrounding fluid.
In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics. 'Sinking' is the gravitational settling of particulate matter suspended in a liquid. A sinking flux is positive downwards and is calculated relative to the movement of the surrounding fluid.
In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics. 'Sinking' is the gravitational settling of particulate matter suspended in a liquid. A sinking flux is positive downwards and is calculated relative to the movement of the surrounding fluid.
Omon
mon
longitude latitude time depth100m
ocnBgchem
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello
water_evapotranspiration_flux
Water Evaporation Flux Where Ice Free Ocean over Sea
kg m-2 s-1
computed as the total mass of water vapor evaporating from the ice-free portion of the ocean divided by the area of the ocean portion of the grid cell.
'Content' indicates a quantity per unit area. 'tendency_of_X' means derivative of X with respect to time. 'Dissolved inorganic carbon' describes a family of chemical species in solution, including carbon dioxide, carbonic acid and the carbonate and bicarbonate anions. 'Dissolved inorganic carbon' is the term used in standard names for all species belonging to the family that are represented within a given model. The list of individual species that are included in a quantity having a group chemic
Omon
mon
longitude latitude time olayer100m
ocnBgchem
area: mean where sea depth: sum where sea (top 100m only) time: mean
'Content' indicates a quantity per unit area. The specification of a physical process by the phrase due_to_process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. 'tendency_of_X' means derivative of X with respect to time.
Nitrogen Loss to Sediments and Through Denitrification
mol m-2 s-1
'Content' indicates a quantity per unit area. The specification of a physical process by the phrase due_to_process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. 'Denitrification' is the conversion of nitrate into gaseous compounds such as nitric oxide, nitrous oxide and molecular nitrogen which are then emitted to the atmosphere. 'Sedimentation' is the sinking of particulate matter to the floor of a body
Flux of nitrogen into the ocean due to deposition (sum of dry and wet deposition), fixation (the production of ammonia from nitrogen gas by diazotrophs) and runoff (liquid water which drains from land).
Total grazing of phytoplankton by zooplankton defined as tendency of moles of carbon per cubic metre.
Omon
mon
longitude latitude olevel time
ocnBgchem
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello volume: volcello
northward_ocean_heat_transport
Northward Ocean Heat Transport
W
Contains contributions from all physical processes affecting the northward heat transport, including resolved advection, parameterized advection, lateral diffusion, etc. Diagnosed here as a function of latitude and basin. Use Celsius for temperature scale.
Omon
mon
latitude basin time
ocean
longitude: sum (comment: basin sum [along zig-zag grid path]) depth: sum time: mean
Northward Ocean Heat Transport Due to Parameterized Eddy Advection
W
Contributions to heat transport from parameterized eddy-induced advective transport due to any subgrid advective process. Diagnosed here as a function of latitude and basin. Use Celsius for temperature scale.
Omon
mon
latitude basin time
ocean
longitude: sum (comment: basin sum [along zig-zag grid path]) depth: sum time: mean
Northward Ocean Heat Transport Due to Parameterized Mesoscale Advection
W
Contributions to heat transport from parameterized mesoscale eddy-induced advective transport. Diagnosed here as a function of latitude and basin. Use Celsius for temperature scale.
Omon
mon
latitude basin time
ocean
longitude: sum (comment: basin sum [along zig-zag grid path]) depth: sum time: mean
Northward Ocean Heat Transport Due to Parameterized Mesoscale Diffusion
W
Contributions to heat transport from parameterized mesoscale eddy-induced diffusive transport (i.e., neutral diffusion). Diagnosed here as a function of latitude and basin.
Omon
mon
latitude basin time
ocean
longitude: sum (comment: basin sum [along zig-zag grid path]) depth: sum time: mean
Northward Ocean Heat Transport Due to Parameterized Submesoscale Advection
W
Contributions to heat transport from parameterized mesoscale eddy-induced advective transport. Diagnosed here as a function of latitude and basin. Use Celsius for temperature scale.
Omon
mon
latitude basin time
ocean
longitude: sum (comment: basin sum [along zig-zag grid path]) depth: sum time: mean
heat_flux_correction
Heat Flux Correction
W m-2
Flux correction is also called 'flux adjustment'. A positive flux correction is downward i.e. added to the ocean. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics.
Omon
mon
longitude latitude time
ocean
down
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello
surface_downward_heat_flux_in_sea_water
Downward Heat Flux at Sea Water Surface
W m-2
This is the net flux of heat entering the liquid water column through its upper surface (excluding any 'flux adjustment') .
Heat Flux into Sea Water Due to Iceberg Thermodynamics
W m-2
In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics. The specification of a physical process by the phrase due_to_process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. ' Iceberg thermodynamics' refers to the addition or subtraction of mass due to surface and basal fluxes, i.e., due to melting, sublimation and fusion.
Heat Flux into Sea Water Due to Iceberg Thermodynamics
W m-2
In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics. The specification of a physical process by the phrase due_to_process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. ' Iceberg thermodynamics' refers to the addition or subtraction of mass due to surface and basal fluxes, i.e., due to melting, sublimation and fusion.
Omon
mon
longitude latitude time
ocean
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello
surface_downward_latent_heat_flux
Surface Downward Latent Heat Flux
W m-2
This is defined as with the cell methods string: where ice_free_sea over sea
Temperature Flux Due to Rainfall Expressed as Heat Flux into Sea Water
W m-2
This is defined as 'where ice_free_sea over sea'; i.e., the total flux (considered here) entering the ice-free portion of the grid cell divided by the area of the ocean portion of the grid cell. All such heat fluxes are computed based on Celsius scale.
Temperature Flux Due to Runoff Expressed as Heat Flux into Sea Water
W m-2
Heat flux associated with liquid water which drains from land. It is calculated relative to the heat that would be transported by runoff water entering the sea at zero degrees Celsius.
Temperature Flux Due to Runoff Expressed as Heat Flux into Sea Water
W m-2
Heat flux associated with liquid water which drains from land. It is calculated relative to the heat that would be transported by runoff water entering the sea at zero degrees Celsius.
Heat Flux into Sea Water Due to Frazil Ice Formation
W m-2
In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics. The specification of a physical process by the phrase due_to_process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. 'Frazil' consists of needle like crystals of ice, typically between three and four millimeters in diameter, which form as sea water begins to freeze. Salt is expelled d
Heat Flux into Sea Water Due to Frazil Ice Formation
W m-2
In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics. The specification of a physical process by the phrase due_to_process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. 'Frazil' consists of needle like crystals of ice, typically between three and four millimeters in diameter, which form as sea water begins to freeze. Salt is expelled d
Heat Flux into Sea Water Due to Snow Thermodynamics
W m-2
In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics. The specification of a physical process by the phrase due_to_process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. 'Snow thermodynamics' refers to the addition or subtraction of mass due to surface and basal fluxes, i.e., due to melting, sublimation and fusion.
Heat Flux into Sea Water Due to Snow Thermodynamics
W m-2
In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics. The specification of a physical process by the phrase due_to_process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. 'Snow thermodynamics' refers to the addition or subtraction of mass due to surface and basal fluxes, i.e., due to melting, sublimation and fusion.
Omon
mon
longitude latitude time
ocean
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello
surface_downward_sensible_heat_flux
Surface Downward Sensible Heat Flux
W m-2
Downward sensible heat flux over sea ice free sea. The surface sensible heat flux, also called turbulent heat flux, is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air by motion of air.
Omon
mon
longitude latitude time
ocean
down
area: mean where ice_free_sea over sea time: mean
area: areacello
ocean_heat_x_transport
Ocean Heat X Transport
W
Contains all contributions to 'x-ward' heat transport from resolved and parameterized processes. Use Celsius for temperature scale.
Omon
mon
longitude latitude time
ocean
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello
ocean_heat_y_transport
Ocean Heat Y Transport
W
Contains all contributions to 'y-ward' heat transport from resolved and parameterized processes. Use Celsius for temperature scale.
Omon
mon
longitude latitude time
ocean
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello
northward_ocean_heat_transport_due_to_gyre
Northward Ocean Heat Transport Due to Gyre
W
From all advective mass transport processes, resolved and parameterized.
Omon
mon
latitude basin time
ocean
longitude: sum (comment: basin sum [along zig-zag grid path]) depth: sum time: mean
northward_ocean_heat_transport_due_to_overturning
Northward Ocean Heat Transport Due to Overturning
W
From all advective mass transport processes, resolved and parameterized.
Omon
mon
latitude basin time
ocean
longitude: sum (comment: basin sum [along zig-zag grid path]) depth: sum time: mean
Primary Organic Carbon Production by All Types of Phytoplankton
mol m-2 s-1
Vertically integrated total primary (organic carbon) production by phytoplankton. This should equal the sum of intpdiat+intpphymisc, but those individual components may be unavailable in some models.
Omon
mon
longitude latitude time
ocnBgchem
area: mean where sea depth: sum where sea time: mean
'Calcareous phytoplankton' are phytoplankton that produce calcite. Calcite is a mineral that is a polymorph of calcium carbonate. The chemical formula of calcite is CaCO3. Phytoplankton are algae that grow where there is sufficient light to support photosynthesis. 'Iron growth limitation' means the ratio of the growth rate of a species population in the environment (where there is a finite availability of iron) to the theoretical growth rate if there were no such limit on iron availability.
Omon
mon
longitude latitude time
ocnBgchem
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello
iron_growth_limitation_of_diatoms
Iron Limitation of Diatoms
1
Diatoms are phytoplankton with an external skeleton made of silica. Phytoplankton are algae that grow where there is sufficient light to support photosynthesis. 'Iron growth limitation' means the ratio of the growth rate of a species population in the environment (where there is a finite availability of iron) to the theoretical growth rate if there were no such limit on iron availability.
In ocean modelling, diazotrophs are phytoplankton of the phylum cyanobacteria distinct from other phytoplankton groups in their ability to fix nitrogen gas in addition to nitrate and ammonium. Phytoplankton are algae that grow where there is sufficient light to support photosynthesis. 'Iron growth limitation' means the ratio of the growth rate of a species population in the environment (where there is a finite availability of iron) to the theoretical growth rate if there were no such limit on ir
Phytoplankton are algae that grow where there is sufficient light to support photosynthesis. 'Miscellaneous phytoplankton' are all those phytoplankton that are not diatoms, diazotrophs, calcareous phytoplankton, picophytoplankton or other separately named components of the phytoplankton population. 'Iron growth limitation' means the ratio of the growth rate of a species population in the environment (where there is a finite availability of iron) to the theoretical growth rate if there were no su
Omon
mon
longitude latitude time
ocnBgchem
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello
iron_growth_limitation_of_picophytoplankton
Iron Limitation of Picophytoplankton
1
Picophytoplankton are phytoplankton of less than 2 micrometers in size. Phytoplankton are algae that grow where there is sufficient light to support photosynthesis. 'Iron growth limitation' means the ratio of the growth rate of a species population in the environment (where there is a finite availability of iron) to the theoretical growth rate if there were no such limit on iron availability.
Growth limitation of calcareous phytoplankton due to solar irradiance. 'Growth limitation due to solar irradiance' means the ratio of the growth rate of a species population in the environment (where the amount of sunlight reaching a location may be limited) to the theoretical growth rate if there were no such limit on solar irradiance.
Growth limitation of diatoms due to solar irradiance. 'Growth limitation due to solar irradiance' means the ratio of the growth rate of a species population in the environment (where the amount of sunlight reaching a location may be limited) to the theoretical growth rate if there were no such limit on solar irradiance.
Growth limitation of diazotrophs due to solar irradiance. 'Growth limitation due to solar irradiance' means the ratio of the growth rate of a species population in the environment (where the amount of sunlight reaching a location may be limited) to the theoretical growth rate if there were no such limit on solar irradiance.
Growth limitation of miscellaneous phytoplankton due to solar irradiance. 'Growth limitation due to solar irradiance' means the ratio of the growth rate of a species population in the environment (where the amount of sunlight reaching a location may be limited) to the theoretical growth rate if there were no such limit on solar irradiance.
Growth limitation of picophytoplankton due to solar irradiance. 'Growth limitation due to solar irradiance' means the ratio of the growth rate of a species population in the environment (where the amount of sunlight reaching a location may be limited) to the theoretical growth rate if there were no such limit on solar irradiance.
'Calcareous phytoplankton' are phytoplankton that produce calcite. Calcite is a mineral that is a polymorph of calcium carbonate. The chemical formula of calcite is CaCO3. Phytoplankton are algae that grow where there is sufficient light to support photosynthesis. 'Nitrogen growth limitation' means the ratio of the growth rate of a species population in the environment (where there is a finite availability of nitrogen) to the theoretical growth rate if there were no such limit on nitrogen availa
Omon
mon
longitude latitude time
ocnBgchem
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello
nitrogen_growth_limitation_of_diatoms
Nitrogen Limitation of Diatoms
1
Diatoms are phytoplankton with an external skeleton made of silica. Phytoplankton are algae that grow where there is sufficient light to support photosynthesis. 'Nitrogen growth limitation' means the ratio of the growth rate of a species population in the environment (where there is a finite availability of nitrogen) to the theoretical growth rate if there were no such limit on nitrogen availability.
In ocean modelling, diazotrophs are phytoplankton of the phylum cyanobacteria distinct from other phytoplankton groups in their ability to fix nitrogen gas in addition to nitrate and ammonium. Phytoplankton are algae that grow where there is sufficient light to support photosynthesis. 'Nitrogen growth limitation' means the ratio of the growth rate of a species population in the environment (where there is a finite availability of nitrogen) to the theoretical growth rate if there were no such lim
Phytoplankton are algae that grow where there is sufficient light to support photosynthesis. 'Miscellaneous phytoplankton' are all those phytoplankton that are not diatoms, diazotrophs, calcareous phytoplankton, picophytoplankton or other separately named components of the phytoplankton population. 'Nitrogen growth limitation' means the ratio of the growth rate of a species population in the environment (where there is a finite availability of nitrogen) to the theoretical growth rate if there we
Omon
mon
longitude latitude time
ocnBgchem
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello
nitrogen_growth_limitation_of_picophytoplankton
Nitrogen Limitation of Picophytoplankton
1
Picophytoplankton are phytoplankton of less than 2 micrometers in size. Phytoplankton are algae that grow where there is sufficient light to support photosynthesis. 'Nitrogen growth limitation' means the ratio of the growth rate of a species population in the environment (where there is a finite availability of nitrogen) to the theoretical growth rate if there were no such limit on nitrogen availability.
Omon
mon
longitude latitude time
ocnBgchem
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello
sea_water_mass_per_unit_area
Ocean Grid-Cell Mass per Area
kg m-2
Tracer grid-cell mass per unit area used for computing tracer budgets. For Boussinesq models with static ocean grid cell thickness, masscello = rhozero*thickcello, where thickcello is static cell thickness and rhozero is constant Boussinesq reference density. More generally, masscello is time dependent and reported as part of Omon.
Omon
mon
longitude latitude olevel time
ocean
area: sum where sea time: mean
area: areacello volume: volcello
sea_water_mass
Sea Water Mass
kg
Total mass of liquid sea water. For Boussinesq models, report this diagnostic as Boussinesq reference density times total volume.
Omon
mon
time
ocean
area: sum where sea time: mean
sea_water_transport_across_line
Sea Water Transport
kg s-1
Transport across_line means that which crosses a particular line on the Earth's surface; formally this means the integral along the line of the normal component of the transport.
Omon
mon
oline time
ocean
time: mean
ocean_mixed_layer_thickness_defined_by_sigma_t
Ocean Mixed Layer Thickness Defined by Sigma T
m
Sigma T is potential density referenced to ocean surface.
Omon
mon
longitude latitude time
ocean
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello
ocean_mixed_layer_thickness_defined_by_sigma_t
Maximum Ocean Mixed Layer Thickness Defined by Sigma T
m
Sigma T is potential density referenced to ocean surface.
Omon
mon
longitude latitude time
ocean
area: mean time: maximum
area: areacello
ocean_mixed_layer_thickness_defined_by_sigma_t
Minimum Ocean Mixed Layer Thickness Defined by Sigma T
m
Sigma T is potential density referenced to ocean surface.
Square of Ocean Mixed Layer Thickness Defined by Sigma T
m2
The phrase 'square_of_X' means X*X. The ocean mixed layer is the upper part of the ocean, regarded as being well-mixed. The base of the mixed layer defined by 'temperature', 'sigma', 'sigma_theta', 'sigma_t' or vertical diffusivity is the level at which the quantity indicated differs from its surface value by a certain amount. A coordinate variable or scalar coordinate variable with standard name sea_water_sigma_t_difference can be used to specify the sigma_t criterion that determines the layer
Omon
mon
longitude latitude time
ocean
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello
ocean_barotropic_mass_streamfunction
Ocean Barotropic Mass Streamfunction
kg s-1
Streamfunction or its approximation for free surface models. See OMDP document for details.
Omon
mon
longitude latitude time
ocean
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello
ocean_meridional_overturning_mass_streamfunction
Ocean Meridional Overturning Mass Streamfunction
kg s-1
Overturning mass streamfunction arising from all advective mass transport processes, resolved and parameterized.
Omon
mon
latitude rho basin time
ocean
longitude: sum (comment: basin sum [along zig-zag grid path]) depth: sum time: mean
Ocean Y Overturning Mass Streamfunction Due to Parameterized Submesoscale Advection
kg s-1
Report only if there is a submesoscale eddy parameterization.
Omon
mon
latitude olevel basin time
ocean
longitude: sum (comment: basin sum [along zig-zag grid path]) depth: sum time: mean
mole_concentration_of_ammonium_in_sea_water
Dissolved Ammonium Concentration
mol m-3
Mole concentration means moles (amount of substance) per unit volume and is used in the construction mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y.
Omon
mon
longitude latitude olevel time
ocnBgchem
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello volume: volcello
mole_concentration_of_ammonium_in_sea_water
Surface Dissolved Ammonium Concentration
mol m-3
Mole concentration means moles (amount of substance) per unit volume and is used in the construction mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y.
Omon
mon
longitude latitude time
ocnBgchem
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello
mole_concentration_of_nitrate_in_sea_water
Dissolved Nitrate Concentration
mol m-3
Mole concentration means moles (amount of substance) per unit volume and is used in the construction mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y.
Omon
mon
longitude latitude olevel time
ocnBgchem
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello volume: volcello
mole_concentration_of_nitrate_in_sea_water
Surface Dissolved Nitrate Concentration
mol m-3
Mole concentration means moles (amount of substance) per unit volume and is used in the construction mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y.
'Mole concentration' means number of moles per unit volume, also called 'molarity', and is used in the construction mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'.
'Mole concentration' means number of moles per unit volume, also called 'molarity', and is used in the construction mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'. The concentration of any chemical species, whether particulate or dissolved, may vary with depth in the ocean. A depth profile may go through one or more local minima
'Mole concentration' means number of moles per unit volume, also called 'molarity', and is used in the construction mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'.
'Mole concentration at saturation' means the mole concentration in a saturated solution. Mole concentration means number of moles per unit volume, also called 'molarity', and is used in the construction 'mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y', where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'.
Surface Dissolved Oxygen Concentration at Saturation
mol m-3
'Mole concentration at saturation' means the mole concentration in a saturated solution. Mole concentration means number of moles per unit volume, also called 'molarity', and is used in the construction 'mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y', where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'.
Omon
mon
longitude latitude time
ocnBgchem
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello
square_of_brunt_vaisala_frequency_in_sea_water
Square of Brunt Vaisala Frequency in Sea Water
s-2
The phrase 'square_of_X' means X*X. Frequency is the number of oscillations of a wave per unit time. Brunt-Vaisala frequency is also sometimes called 'buoyancy frequency' and is a measure of the vertical stratification of the medium.
Flux of Organic Carbon into Ocean Surface by Runoff
mol m-2 s-1
Organic Carbon supply to ocean through runoff (separate from gas exchange)
Omon
mon
longitude latitude time depth0m
ocnBgchem
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello
sea_water_pressure_at_sea_floor
Sea Water Pressure at Sea Floor
Pa
'Sea water pressure' is the pressure that exists in the medium of sea water. It includes the pressure due to overlying sea water, sea ice, air and any other medium that may be present.
Omon
mon
longitude latitude time
ocean
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello
sea_water_ph_reported_on_total_scale
pH
1
negative log of hydrogen ion concentration with the concentration expressed as mol H kg-1.
sum of phytoplankton carbon component concentrations. In most (all?) cases this is the sum of phycdiat and phycmisc (i.e., 'Diatom Carbon Concentration' and 'Non-Diatom Phytoplankton Carbon Concentration'
Total Dissolved Inorganic Phosphorus Concentration
mol m-3
Mole concentration means number of moles per unit volume, also called 'molarity', and is used in the construction 'mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y', where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'. 'Dissolved inorganic phosphorus' means the sum of all inorganic phosphorus in solution (including phosphate, hydrogen phosphate, dihydrogen phosphate, and phosphoric
Surface Total Dissolved Inorganic Phosphorus Concentration
mol m-3
Mole concentration means number of moles per unit volume, also called 'molarity', and is used in the construction 'mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y', where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'. 'Dissolved inorganic phosphorus' means the sum of all inorganic phosphorus in solution (including phosphate, hydrogen phosphate, dihydrogen phosphate, and phosphoric
total primary (organic carbon) production by phytoplankton
Omon
mon
longitude latitude time depth0m
ocnBgchem
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello
rainfall_flux
Rainfall Flux where Ice Free Ocean over Sea
kg m-2 s-1
In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics.
Omon
mon
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: mean where ice_free_sea over sea time: mean
area: areacello
snowfall_flux
Snowfall Flux where Ice Free Ocean over Sea
kg m-2 s-1
At surface; includes precipitation of all forms of water in the solid phase
Omon
mon
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: mean where ice_free_sea over sea time: mean
area: areacello
sea_water_pressure_at_sea_water_surface
Sea Water Pressure at Sea Water Surface
Pa
The surface called 'surface' means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. 'Sea water pressure' is the pressure that exists in the medium of sea water. It includes the pressure due to overlying sea water, sea ice, air and any other medium that may be present.
Omon
mon
longitude latitude time
ocean
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello
surface_net_downward_longwave_flux
Surface Net Downward Longwave Radiation
W m-2
This is defined as 'where ice_free_sea over sea'
Omon
mon
longitude latitude time
ocean
down
area: mean where ice_free_sea over sea time: mean
area: areacello
downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_sea_water
Downwelling Shortwave Radiation in Sea Water
W m-2
Downwelling radiation is radiation from above. It does not mean 'net downward'. When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called 'irradiance'. In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine- collector light-meter and sometimes called 'vector irradiance'. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics. 'shortwave' means shortwave radiation.
Omon
mon
longitude latitude olevel time
ocean
down
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello volume: volcello
net_downward_shortwave_flux_at_sea_water_surface
Net Downward Shortwave Radiation at Sea Water Surface
W m-2
This is the flux into the surface of liquid sea water only. This excludes shortwave flux absorbed by sea ice, but includes any light that passes through the ice and is absorbed by the ocean.
Mole concentration means number of moles per unit volume, also called 'molarity', and is used in the construction 'mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y', where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'. The chemical formula of sulfur hexafluoride is SF6.
Omon
mon
longitude latitude olevel time
ocean
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello volume: volcello
downward_sea_ice_basal_salt_flux
Downward Sea Ice Basal Salt Flux
kg m-2 s-1
This field is physical, and it arises since sea ice has a nonzero salt content, so it exchanges salt with the liquid ocean upon melting and freezing.
Omon
mon
longitude latitude time
ocean seaIce
down
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello
salt_flux_into_sea_water_from_rivers
Salt Flux into Sea Water from Rivers
kg m-2 s-1
This field is physical, and it arises when rivers carry a nonzero salt content. Often this is zero, with rivers assumed to be fresh.
Mole concentration means number of moles per unit volume, also called 'molarity', and is used in the construction 'mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y', where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'. 'Dissolved inorganic silicon' means the sum of all inorganic silicon in solution (including silicic acid and its first dissociated anion SiO(OH)3-).
Surface Total Dissolved Inorganic Silicon Concentration
mol m-3
Mole concentration means number of moles per unit volume, also called 'molarity', and is used in the construction 'mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y', where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'. 'Dissolved inorganic silicon' means the sum of all inorganic silicon in solution (including silicic acid and its first dissociated anion SiO(OH)3-).
Omon
mon
longitude latitude time
ocnBgchem
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello
northward_ocean_salt_transport_due_to_gyre
Northward Ocean Salt Transport Due to Gyre
kg s-1
From all advective mass transport processes, resolved and parameterized.
Omon
mon
latitude basin time
ocean
longitude: sum (comment: basin sum [along zig-zag grid path]) depth: sum time: mean
northward_ocean_salt_transport_due_to_overturning
Northward Ocean Salt Transport Due to Overturning
kg s-1
From all advective mass transport processes, resolved and parameterized.
Omon
mon
latitude basin time
ocean
longitude: sum (comment: basin sum [along zig-zag grid path]) depth: sum time: mean
sea_water_salinity
Sea Water Salinity
0.001
Sea water salinity is the salt content of sea water, often on the Practical Salinity Scale of 1978. However, the unqualified term 'salinity' is generic and does not necessarily imply any particular method of calculation. The units of salinity are dimensionless and the units attribute should normally be given as 1e-3 or 0.001 i.e. parts per thousand.
Omon
mon
longitude latitude olevel time
ocean
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello volume: volcello
sea_water_salinity_at_sea_floor
Sea Water Salinity at Sea Floor
0.001
Model prognostic salinity at bottom-most model grid cell
Omon
mon
longitude latitude time
ocean
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello
sea_water_salinity
Global Mean Sea Water Salinity
0.001
Sea water salinity is the salt content of sea water, often on the Practical Salinity Scale of 1978. However, the unqualified term 'salinity' is generic and does not necessarily imply any particular method of calculation. The units of salinity are dimensionless and the units attribute should normally be given as 1e-3 or 0.001 i.e. parts per thousand.
Omon
mon
time
ocean
area: mean where sea time: mean
sea_surface_salinity
Sea Surface Salinity
0.001
Sea water salinity is the salt content of sea water, often on the Practical Salinity Scale of 1978. However, the unqualified term 'salinity' is generic and does not necessarily imply any particular method of calculation. The units of salinity are dimensionless and the units attribute should normally be given as 1e-3 or 0.001 i.e. parts per thousand.
Omon
mon
longitude latitude time
ocean
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello
sea_surface_salinity
Global Average Sea Surface Salinity
0.001
Sea water salinity is the salt content of sea water, often on the Practical Salinity Scale of 1978. However, the unqualified term 'salinity' is generic and does not necessarily imply any particular method of calculation. The units of salinity are dimensionless and the units attribute should normally be given as 1e-3 or 0.001 i.e. parts per thousand.
Omon
mon
time
ocean
area: mean where sea time: mean
square_of_sea_surface_salinity
Square of Sea Surface Salinity
1.00E-06
Sea water salinity is the salt content of sea water, often on the Practical Salinity Scale of 1978. However, the unqualified term 'salinity' is generic and does not necessarily imply any particular method of calculation. The units of salinity are dimensionless and the units attribute should normally be given as 1e-3 or 0.001 i.e. parts per thousand.
The surface called 'surface' means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. The partial pressure of a dissolved gas in sea water is the partial pressure in air with which it would be in equilibrium. The partial pressure of a gaseous constituent of air is the pressure which it alone would exert with unchanged temperature and number of moles per unit volume. The chemical formula for carbon dioxide is CO2.
The surface called 'surface' means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. The chemical formula for carbon dioxide is CO2. In ocean biogeochemistry models, an 'abiotic analogue' is used to simulate the effect on a modelled variable when biological effects on ocean carbon concentration and alkalinity are ignored. The partial pressure of a gaseous constituent of air is the pressure which it alone would exert with unchanged temperature and number of moles per unit volume. The partial pressure of a di
The surface called 'surface' means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. The chemical formula for carbon dioxide is CO2. In ocean biogeochemistry models, a 'natural analogue' is used to simulate the effect on a modelled variable of imposing preindustrial atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, even when the model as a whole may be subjected to varying forcings. The partial pressure of a gaseous constituent of air is the pressure which it alone would exert with unchanged temperature and number
Omon
mon
longitude latitude time depth0m
ocnBgchem
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello
sea_water_alkalinity_expressed_as_mole_equivalent
Total Alkalinity
mol m-3
total alkalinity equivalent concentration (including carbonate, nitrogen, silicate, and borate components)
Virtual Salt Flux into Sea Water Due to Sea Ice Thermodynamics
kg m-2 s-1
This variable measures the virtual salt flux into sea water due to the melting of sea ice. It is set to zero in models which receive a real water flux.
Omon
mon
longitude latitude time
ocean seaIce
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello
water_flux_correction
Water Flux Correction
kg m-2 s-1
Computed as the water flux into the ocean due to flux correction divided by the area of the ocean portion of the grid cell.
Omon
mon
longitude latitude time
ocean
down
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello
water_flux_into_sea_water
Water Flux into Sea Water
kg m-2 s-1
Computed as the water flux into the ocean divided by the area of the ocean portion of the grid cell. This is the sum *wfonocorr* and *wfcorr*.
Omon
mon
longitude latitude time
ocean
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello
water_flux_into_sea_water_without_flux_correction
Water Flux into Sea Water Without Flux Correction
kg m-2 s-1
Computed as the water flux (without flux correction) into the ocean divided by the area of the ocean portion of the grid cell.
Omon
mon
longitude latitude time
ocean
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello
upward_ocean_mass_transport
Upward Ocean Mass Transport
kg s-1
Upward mass transport from resolved and parameterized advective transport.
Omon
mon
longitude latitude olevel time
ocean
area: sum where sea time: mean
area: areacello volume: volcello
upward_sea_water_velocity
Sea Water Vertical Velocity
m s-1
A velocity is a vector quantity. 'Upward' indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward).
Omon
mon
longitude latitude olevel time
ocean
time: mean
--OPT
depth_below_geoid
Depth Below Geoid of Ocean Layer
m
Depth below geoid
Omon
mon
longitude latitude olevel time
ocean
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello volume: volcello
depth_below_geoid
Depth Below Geoid of Interfaces Between Ocean Layers
Mole Concentration of Other Zooplankton Expressed as Carbon in Sea Water
mol m-3
carbon from additional zooplankton component concentrations alone (e.g. Micro, meso). Since the models all have different numbers of components, this variable has been included to provide a check for intercomparison between models since some phytoplankton groups are supersets.
Surface Mole Concentration of Other Zooplankton Expressed as Carbon in Sea Water
mol m-3
carbon from additional zooplankton component concentrations alone (e.g. Micro, meso). Since the models all have different numbers of components, this variable has been included to provide a check for intercomparison between models since some phytoplankton groups are supersets.
Depth of aragonite saturation horizon (0 if undersaturated at all depths, 'missing' if supersaturated at all depths; if multiple horizons exist, the shallowest should be taken).
Depth of calcite saturation horizon (0 if undersaturated at all depths, and missing saturated through whole depth; if two or more horizons exist, then the shallowest is reported)
Sum of particulate calcite component concentrations (e.g. Phytoplankton, Detrital, etc.)
Oyr
yr
longitude latitude olevel time
ocnBgchem
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello volume: volcello
mole_concentration_of_cfc11_in_sea_water
Mole Concentration of CFC11 in Sea Water
mol m-3
Mole concentration means number of moles per unit volume, also called 'molarity', and is used in the construction 'mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y', where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'. The chemical formula of CFC11 is CFCl3. The IUPAC name for CFC11 is trichloro-fluoro-methane.
Oyr
yr
longitude latitude olevel time
ocean
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello volume: volcello
mole_concentration_of_cfc12_in_sea_water
Mole Concentration of CFC12 in Sea Water
mol m-3
Mole concentration means number of moles per unit volume, also called 'molarity', and is used in the construction 'mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y', where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'. The chemical formula for CFC12 is CF2Cl2. The IUPAC name for CFC12 is dichloro-difluoro-methane.
Mass Concentration of Total Phytoplankton Expressed as Chlorophyll in Sea Water
kg m-3
Sum of chlorophyll from all phytoplankton group concentrations. In most models this is equal to chldiat+chlmisc, that is the sum of Diatom Chlorophyll Mass Concentration and Other Phytoplankton Chlorophyll Mass Concentration
Mole concentration (number of moles per unit volume: molarity) of the abiotic-analogue carbonate anion (CO3). An abiotic analogue is used to simulate the effect on a modelled variable when biological effects on ocean carbon concentration and alkalinity are ignored.
Surface mole concentration (number of moles per unit volume: molarity) of the natural-analogue carbonate anion (CO3). A natural analogue is used to simulate the effect on a modelled variable of imposing preindustrial atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, even when the model as a whole may be subjected to varying forcings.
Mole Concentration of Carbonate Ion in Equilibrium with Pure Aragonite in Sea Water
mol m-3
Mole concentration (number of moles per unit volume: molarity) of the carbonate anion (CO3) for sea water in equilibrium with pure Aragonite. Aragonite (CaCO3) is a mineral that is a polymorph of calcium carbonate.
Mole Concentration of Carbonate Ion in Equilibrium with Pure Calcite in Sea Water
mol m-3
Mole concentration (number of moles per unit volume: molarity) of the carbonate anion (CO3) for sea water in equilibrium with pure calcite. Aragonite (CaCO3) is a mineral that is a polymorph of calcium carbonate.
Ocean Tracer Diffusivity Due to Parameterized Mesoscale Advection
m2 s-1
Ocean tracer diffusivity associated with parameterized eddy-induced advective transport. Sometimes this diffusivity is called the 'thickness' diffusivity. For CMIP5, this diagnostic was called 'ocean tracer bolus laplacian diffusivity'. The CMIP6 name is physically more relevant.
Oyr
yr
longitude latitude olevel time
ocean
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello volume: volcello
ocean_tracer_epineutral_laplacian_diffusivity
Ocean Tracer Epineutral Laplacian Diffusivity
m2 s-1
Ocean tracer diffusivity associated with parameterized eddy-induced diffusive transport oriented along neutral or isopycnal directions. Sometimes this diffusivity is called the neutral diffusivity or isopycnal diffusivity or Redi diffusivity.
Oyr
yr
longitude latitude olevel time
ocean
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello volume: volcello
ocean_vertical_heat_diffusivity
Ocean Vertical Heat Diffusivity
m2 s-1
Vertical/dianeutral diffusivity applied to prognostic temperature field.
Oyr
yr
longitude latitude olevel time
ocean
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello volume: volcello
ocean_vertical_salt_diffusivity
Ocean Vertical Salt Diffusivity
m2 s-1
Vertical/dianeutral diffusivity applied to prognostic salinity field.
Ocean Kinetic Energy Dissipation per Unit Area Due to XY Friction
W m-2
Depth integrated impacts on kinetic energy arising from lateral frictional dissipation associated with Laplacian and/or biharmonic viscosity. For CMIP5, this diagnostic was 3d, whereas the CMIP6 depth integrated diagnostic is sufficient for many purposes and reduces archive requirements.
In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics. 'Sinking' is the gravitational settling of particulate matter suspended in a liquid. A sinking flux is positive downwards and is calculated relative to the movement of the surrounding fluid.
In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics. 'Sinking' is the gravitational settling of particulate matter suspended in a liquid. A sinking flux is positive downwards and is calculated relative to the movement of the surrounding fluid.
In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics. 'Sinking' is the gravitational settling of particulate matter suspended in a liquid. A sinking flux is positive downwards and is calculated relative to the movement of the surrounding fluid.
In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics. 'Sinking' is the gravitational settling of particulate matter suspended in a liquid. A sinking flux is positive downwards and is calculated relative to the movement of the surrounding fluid.
Total grazing of phytoplankton by zooplankton defined as tendency of moles of carbon per cubic metre.
Oyr
yr
longitude latitude olevel time
ocnBgchem
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello volume: volcello
mole_concentration_of_ammonium_in_sea_water
Dissolved Ammonium Concentration
mol m-3
Mole concentration means moles (amount of substance) per unit volume and is used in the construction mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y.
Oyr
yr
longitude latitude olevel time
ocnBgchem
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello volume: volcello
mole_concentration_of_nitrate_in_sea_water
Dissolved Nitrate Concentration
mol m-3
Mole concentration means moles (amount of substance) per unit volume and is used in the construction mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y.
'Mole concentration' means number of moles per unit volume, also called 'molarity', and is used in the construction mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'.
'Mole concentration at saturation' means the mole concentration in a saturated solution. Mole concentration means number of moles per unit volume, also called 'molarity', and is used in the construction 'mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y', where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'.
Tendency of Sea Water Conservative Temperature Expressed as Heat Content Due to Parameterized Dianeutral Mixing
W m-2
Tendency of heat content for a grid cell from parameterized dianeutral mixing. Reported only for models that use conservative temperature as prognostic field.
Depth Integral of Product of Sea Water Density and Conservative Temperature
degC kg m-2
Full column sum of density*cell thickness*conservative temperature. If the model is Boussinesq, then use Boussinesq reference density for the density factor.
Tendency of Sea Water Conservative Temperature Expressed as Heat Content Due to Parameterized Eddy Advection
W m-2
Tendency of heat content for a grid cell from parameterized eddy advection (any form of eddy advection). Reported only for models that use conservative temperature as prognostic field.
Tendency of Sea Water Conservative Temperature Expressed as Heat Content Due to Parameterized Mesoscale Diffusion
W m-2
Tendency of heat content for a grid cell from parameterized mesoscale eddy diffusion. Reported only for models that use conservative temperature as prognostic field.
Tendency of Sea Water Conservative Temperature Expressed as Heat Content Due to Parameterized Submesoscale Advection
W m-2
Tendency of heat content for a grid cell from parameterized submesoscale eddy advection. Reported only for models that use conservative temperature as prognostic field.
Tendency of Sea Water Conservative Temperature Expressed as Heat Content Due to Residual Mean Advection
W m-2
Conservative Temperature is defined as part of the Thermodynamic Equation of Seawater 2010 (TEOS-10) which was adopted in 2010 by the International Oceanographic Commission (IOC). The phrase 'residual mean advection' refers to the sum of the model's resolved advective transport plus any parameterized advective transport. Parameterized advective transport includes processes such as parameterized mesoscale and submesoscale transport, as well as any other advectively parameterized transport. When t
Tendency of Sea Water Potential Temperature Expressed as Heat Content Due to Parameterized Dianeutral Mixing
W m-2
Tendency of heat content for a grid cell from parameterized dianeutral mixing. Reported only for models that use potential temperature as prognostic field.
Tendency of Sea Water Potential Temperature Expressed as Heat Content Due to Parameterized Eddy Advection
W m-2
Tendency of heat content for a grid cell from parameterized eddy advection (any form of eddy advection). Reported only for models that use potential temperature as prognostic field.
Tendency of Sea Water Potential Temperature Expressed as Heat Content Due to Parameterized Mesoscale Diffusion
W m-2
Tendency of heat content for a grid cell from parameterized mesoscale eddy diffusion. Reported only for models that use potential temperature as prognostic field.
Tendency of Sea Water Potential Temperature Expressed as Heat Content Due to Parameterized Submesoscale Advection
W m-2
Tendency of heat content for a grid cell from parameterized submesoscale eddy advection. Reported only for models that use potential temperature as prognostic field.
Tendency of Sea Water Potential Temperature Expressed as Heat Content Due to Residual Mean Advection
W m-2
The phrase 'residual mean advection' refers to the sum of the model's resolved advective transport plus any parameterized advective transport. Parameterized advective transport includes processes such as parameterized mesoscale and submesoscale transport, as well as any other advectively parameterized transport. When the parameterized advective transport is represented in the model as a skew- diffusion rather than an advection, then the parameterized skew diffusion should be included in this dia
Tendency of Sea Water Salinity Expressed as Salt Content Due to Residual Mean Advection
kg m-2 s-1
The phrase 'residual mean advection' refers to the sum of the model's resolved advective transport plus any parameterized advective transport. Parameterized advective transport includes processes such as parameterized mesoscale and submesoscale transport, as well as any other advectively parameterized transport. When the parameterized advective transport is represented in the model as a skew- diffusion rather than an advection, then the parameterized skew diffusion should be included in this dia
'Mole concentration' means number of moles per unit volume, also called 'molarity', and is used in the construction mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'. The specification of a physical process by the phrase due_to_process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the gener
'Mole concentration' means number of moles per unit volume, also called 'molarity', and is used in the construction mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'. The specification of a physical process by the phrase due_to_process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the gener
sum of phytoplankton carbon component concentrations. In most (all?) cases this is the sum of phycdiat and phycmisc (i.e., 'Diatom Carbon Concentration' and 'Non-Diatom Phytoplankton Carbon Concentration'
Total Dissolved Inorganic Phosphorus Concentration
mol m-3
Mole concentration means number of moles per unit volume, also called 'molarity', and is used in the construction 'mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y', where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'. 'Dissolved inorganic phosphorus' means the sum of all inorganic phosphorus in solution (including phosphate, hydrogen phosphate, dihydrogen phosphate, and phosphoric
Remineralization is the degradation of organic matter into inorganic forms of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and other micronutrients, which consumes oxygen and releases energy.
Net Rate of Absorption of Shortwave Energy in Ocean Layer
W m-2
'shortwave' means shortwave radiation. 'Layer' means any layer with upper and lower boundaries that have constant values in some vertical coordinate. There must be a vertical coordinate variable indicating the extent of the layer(s). If the layers are model layers, the vertical coordinate can be model_level_number, but it is recommended to specify a physical coordinate (in a scalar or auxiliary coordinate variable) as well. Net absorbed radiation is the difference between absorbed and emitted ra
Mole concentration means number of moles per unit volume, also called 'molarity', and is used in the construction 'mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y', where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'. The chemical formula of sulfur hexafluoride is SF6.
Mole concentration means number of moles per unit volume, also called 'molarity', and is used in the construction 'mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y', where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'. 'Dissolved inorganic silicon' means the sum of all inorganic silicon in solution (including silicic acid and its first dissociated anion SiO(OH)3-).
Depth Integral of Product of Sea Water Density and Prognostic Salinity
g m-2
Full column sum of density*cell thickness*prognostic salinity. If the model is Boussinesq, then use Boussinesq reference density for the density factor.
Oyr
yr
longitude latitude time
ocean
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello
sea_water_alkalinity_expressed_as_mole_equivalent
Total Alkalinity
mol m-3
total alkalinity equivalent concentration (including carbonate, nitrogen, silicate, and borate components)
Tendency of Ocean Eddy Kinetic Energy Content Due to Parameterized Eddy Advection
W m-2
Depth integrated impacts on kinetic energy arising from parameterized eddy-induced advection. For CMIP5, this diagnostic was 3d, whereas the CMIP6 depth integrated diagnostic is sufficient for many purposes and reduces archive requirements.
Oyr
yr
longitude latitude time
ocean
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello
tendency_of_ocean_potential_energy_content
Tendency of Ocean Potential Energy Content
W m-2
Rate that work is done against vertical stratification, as measured by the vertical heat and salt diffusivity. Report here as depth integrated two-dimensional field.
Mole Concentration of Other Zooplankton Expressed as Carbon in Sea Water
mol m-3
carbon from additional zooplankton component concentrations alone (e.g. Micro, meso). Since the models all have different numbers of components, this variable has been included to provide a check for intercomparison between models since some phytoplankton groups are supersets.
Fraction of time steps of the averaging period during which sea ice is present (siconc >0 ) in a grid cell
SIday
day
longitude latitude time
seaIce
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello
sea_ice_x_velocity
X-Component of Sea-Ice Velocity
m s-1
The x-velocity of ice on native model grid
SIday
day
longitude latitude time
seaIce
area: time: mean where sea_ice (comment: mask=siconc)
--MODEL
sea_ice_y_velocity
Y-Component of Sea-Ice Velocity
m s-1
The y-velocity of ice on native model grid
SIday
day
longitude latitude time
seaIce
area: time: mean where sea_ice (comment: mask=siconc)
--MODEL
downward_sea_ice_basal_salt_flux
Downward Sea Ice Basal Salt Flux
kg m-2 s-1
This field is physical, and it arises since sea ice has a nonzero salt content, so it exchanges salt with the liquid ocean upon melting and freezing.
SImon
mon
longitude latitude time
seaIce
down
area: time: mean where sea_ice (comment: mask=siconc)
area: areacello
age_of_sea_ice
Age of Sea Ice
s
Age of sea ice
SImon
mon
longitude latitude time
seaIce
area: time: mean where sea_ice (comment: mask=siconc)
area: areacello
sea_ice_area_transport_across_line
Sea-Ice Area Flux Through Straits
m2 s-1
net (sum of transport in all directions) sea ice area transport through the following four passages, positive into the Arctic Ocean 1. Fram Strait = (11.5W,81.3N to (10.5E,79.6N) 2. Canadian Archipelago = (128.2W,70.6N) to (59.3W,82.1N) 3. Barents opening = (16.8E,76.5N) to (19.2E,70.2N) 4. Bering Strait = (171W,66.2N) to (166W,65N)
SImon
mon
siline time
seaIce
time: mean
sea_ice_area
Sea-Ice Area North
1e6 km2
total area of sea ice in the Northern hemisphere
SImon
mon
time
seaIce
area: time: mean
sea_ice_area
Sea-Ice Area South
1e6 km2
total area of sea ice in the Southern hemisphere
SImon
mon
time
seaIce
area: time: mean
compressive_strength_of_sea_ice
Compressive Sea Ice Strength
N m-1
Computed strength of the ice pack, defined as the energy (J m-2) dissipated per unit area removed from the ice pack under compression, and assumed proportional to the change in potential energy caused by ridging. For Hibler-type models, this is P (= P*h exp(-C(1-A)) where P* is compressive strength, h ice thickness, A compactness and C strength reduction constant).
SImon
mon
longitude latitude time
seaIce
area: time: mean where sea_ice (comment: mask=siconc)
area: areacello
sea_ice_area_fraction
Sea-Ice Area Percentage (Ocean Grid)
%
Percentage of grid cell covered by sea ice
SImon
mon
longitude latitude time typesi
seaIce
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello
sea_ice_area_fraction
Sea-Ice Area Percentage (Atmospheric Grid)
%
Percentage of grid cell covered by sea ice
SImon
mon
longitude latitude time typesi
seaIce
area: time: mean
area: areacella
tendency_of_sea_ice_area_fraction_due_to_dynamics
Sea-Ice Area Percentage Tendency Due to Dynamics
s-1
Total change in sea-ice area fraction through dynamics-related processes (advection, divergence...)
Sea-Ice Mass Change Through Growth in Supercooled Open Water (Frazil)
kg m-2 s-1
The rate of change of sea ice mass due to sea ice formation in supercooled water (often through frazil formation) divided by grid-cell area. Together, sidmassgrowthwat and sidmassgrowthbot should give total ice growth
SImon
mon
longitude latitude time
seaIce
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello
tendency_of_sea_ice_amount_due_to_lateral_melting
Lateral Sea Ice Melt Rate
kg m-2 s-1
The rate of change of sea ice mass through lateral melting divided by grid-cell area (report 0 if not explicitly calculated thermodynamically)
SImon
mon
longitude latitude time
seaIce
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello
tendency_of_sea_ice_amount_due_to_basal_melting
Sea-Ice Mass Change Through Bottom Melting
kg m-2 s-1
The rate of change of sea ice mass through melting at the ice bottom divided by grid-cell area
SImon
mon
longitude latitude time
seaIce
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello
tendency_of_sea_ice_amount_due_to_surface_melting
Sea-Ice Mass Change Through Surface Melting
kg m-2 s-1
The rate of change of sea ice mass through melting at the ice surface divided by grid-cell area
Total flux of fresh water from water into sea ice divided by grid-cell area; This flux is negative during ice growth (liquid water mass decreases, hence upward flux of freshwater), positive during ice melt (liquid water mass increases, hence downward flux of freshwater)
SImon
mon
longitude latitude time
seaIce
area: time: mean where sea_ice (comment: mask=siconc)
area: areacello
water_flux_into_sea_water_due_to_surface_drainage
Freshwater Flux from Sea-Ice Surface
kg m-2 s-1
Total flux of fresh water from sea-ice surface into underlying ocean. This combines both surface melt water that drains directly into the ocean and the drainage of surface melt pond. By definition, this flux is always positive.
SImon
mon
longitude latitude time
seaIce
area: time: mean where sea_ice (comment: mask=siconc)
area: areacello
surface_upward_latent_heat_flux
Net Latent Heat Flux over Sea Ice
W m-2
the net latent heat flux over sea ice
SImon
mon
longitude latitude time
seaIce
up
area: time: mean where sea_ice (comment: mask=siconca)
area: areacella
surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air
Downwelling Longwave Flux over Sea Ice
W m-2
the downwelling longwave flux over sea ice (always positive)
SImon
mon
longitude latitude time
seaIce
down
area: time: mean where sea_ice (comment: mask=siconca)
area: areacella
surface_upwelling_longwave_flux_in_air
Upwelling Longwave Flux over Sea Ice
W m-2
the upwelling longwave flux over sea ice (always negative)
SImon
mon
longitude latitude time
seaIce
up
area: time: mean where sea_ice (comment: mask=siconca)
area: areacella
surface_upward_sensible_heat_flux
Net Upward Sensible Heat Flux over Sea Ice
W m-2
the net sensible heat flux over sea ice
SImon
mon
longitude latitude time
seaIce
up
area: time: mean where sea_ice (comment: mask=siconca)
area: areacella
upward_sea_ice_basal_heat_flux
Net Upward Sensible Heat Flux Under Sea Ice
W m-2
the net sensible heat flux under sea ice from the ocean
SImon
mon
longitude latitude time
seaIce
up
area: time: mean where sea_ice (comment: mask=siconc)
Sea-Surface Tilt Term in Force Balance (Y-Component)
N m-2
Y-component of force on sea ice caused by sea- surface tilt
SImon
mon
longitude latitude time
seaIce
area: time: mean where sea_ice (comment: mask=siconc)
--MODEL
sea_ice_temperature_expressed_as_heat_content
Sea-Ice Heat Content per Unit Area
J m-2
Heat content of all ice in grid cell divided by total grid-cell area. Water at 0 Celsius is assumed to have a heat content of 0 J. Does not include heat content of snow, but does include heat content of brine. Heat content is always negative, since both the sensible and the latent heat content of ice are less than that of water
SImon
mon
longitude latitude time
seaIce
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello
sea_ice_area_fraction
Sea-Ice Area Percentages in Thickness Categories
%
Percentage of grid cell covered by each ice- thickness category (vector with one entry for each thickness category starting from the thinnest category, netcdf file should use thickness bounds of the categories as third coordinate axis)
SImon
mon
longitude latitude iceband time
seaIce
area: time: mean where sea_ice (comment: mask=siconc)
area: areacello
surface_snow_area_fraction
Snow Area Percentages in Ice Thickness Categories
%
Percentage of grid cell covered by snow in each ice- thickness category (vector with one entry for each thickness category starting from the thinnest category, netcdf file should use thickness bounds of the categories as third coordinate axis)
SImon
mon
longitude latitude iceband time
seaIce
area: time: mean where sea_ice (comment: mask=siitdconc)
area: areacello
surface_snow_thickness
Snow Thickness in Ice Thickness Categories
m
Actual thickness of snow in each category (NOT volume divided by grid area), (vector with one entry for each thickness category starting from the thinnest category, netcdf file should use thickness bounds of categories as third coordinate axis)
SImon
mon
longitude latitude iceband time
seaIce
area: time: mean where sea_ice (comment: mask=siitdconc)
area: areacello
sea_ice_thickness
Sea-Ice Thickness in Thickness Categories
m
Actual (floe) thickness of sea ice in each category (NOT volume divided by grid area), (vector with one entry for each thickness category starting from the thinnest category, netcdf file should use thickness bounds of categories as third coordinate axis)
SImon
mon
longitude latitude iceband time
seaIce
area: time: mean where sea_ice (comment: mask=siitdconc)
area: areacello
sea_ice_amount
Sea-Ice Mass per Area
kg m-2
Total mass of sea ice divided by grid-cell area
SImon
mon
longitude latitude time
seaIce
area: mean where sea time: mean
area: areacello
sea_ice_transport_across_line
Sea Mass Area Flux Through Straits
kg s-1
net (sum of transport in all directions) sea ice area transport through the following four passages, positive into the Arctic Ocean 1. Fram Strait = (11.5W,81.3N to (10.5E,79.6N) 2. Canadian Archipelago = (128.2W,70.6N) to (59.3W,82.1N) 3. Barents opening = (16.8E,76.5N) to (19.2E,70.2N) 4. Bering Strait = (171W,66.2N) to (166W,65N)
SImon
mon
siline time
seaIce
time: mean
area_fraction
Percentage Cover of Sea Ice by Meltpond
%
Percentage of sea ice, by area, which is covered by melt ponds, giving equal weight to every square metre of sea ice .
SImon
mon
longitude latitude time typemp
seaIce
area: time: mean where sea_ice (comment: mask=siconc)
area: areacello
sea_ice_melt_pond_thickness
Meltpond Mass per Unit Area (as Depth)
m
Meltpond Depth
SImon
mon
longitude latitude time
seaIce
area: time: mean where sea_ice_melt_pond (comment: mask=simpconc)
area: areacello
thickness_of_ice_on_sea_ice_melt_pond
Thickness of Refrozen Ice on Melt Pond
m
Volume of refrozen ice on melt ponds divided by meltpond covered area
SImon
mon
longitude latitude time
seaIce
area: time: mean where sea_ice_melt_pond (comment: mask=simpconc)
area: areacello
rainfall_flux
Rainfall Rate over Sea Ice
kg m-2 s-1
mass of liquid precipitation falling onto sea ice divided by grid-cell area
SImon
mon
longitude latitude time
seaIce
area: time: mean where sea_ice (comment: mask=siconc)
area: areacello
area_fraction
Percentage Cover of Sea Ice by Ridging
1
Fraction of sea ice, by area, which is covered by sea ice ridges, giving equal weight to every square metre of sea ice .
SImon
mon
longitude latitude time typesirdg
seaIce
area: time: mean where sea_ice (comment: mask=siconc)
area: areacello
sea_ice_thickness
Ridged Ice Thickness
m
Sea Ice Ridge Height (representing mean height over the ridged area)
SImon
mon
longitude latitude time
seaIce
area: time: mean where sea_ice_ridges (comment: mask=sirdgconc)
area: areacello
sea_ice_salinity
Sea Ice Salinity
0.001
Mean sea-ice salinity of all sea ice in grid cell
SImon
mon
longitude latitude time
seaIce
area: time: mean where sea_ice (comment: mask=siconc)
area: areacello
sea_ice_mass_content_of_salt
Mass of Salt in Sea Ice per Area
kg m-2
Total mass of all salt in sea ice divided by grid- cell area
Maximum shear of sea-ice velocity field (second shear strain invariant)
SImon
monPt
longitude latitude time1
seaIce
area: mean where sea_ice (comment: mask=siconc) time: point
area: areacello
surface_snow_area_fraction
Snow Area Percentage
%
Percentage of sea ice, by area, which is covered by snow, giving equal weight to every square metre of sea ice . Exclude snow that lies on land or land ice.
SImon
mon
longitude latitude time
seaIce
area: time: mean where sea_ice (comment: mask=siconc)
area: areacello
thermal_energy_content_of_surface_snow
Snow Heat Content per Unit Area
J m-2
Heat-content of all snow in grid cell divided by total grid-cell area. Snow-water equivalent at 0 Celsius is assumed to have a heat content of 0 J. Does not include heat content of sea ice.
SImon
mon
longitude latitude time
seaIce
area: time: mean where sea_ice (comment: mask=siconc)
area: areacello
liquid_water_content_of_surface_snow
Snow Mass per Area
kg m-2
Total mass of snow on sea ice divided by sea-ice area.
SImon
mon
longitude latitude time
seaIce
area: time: mean where sea_ice (comment: mask=siconc)
area: areacello
surface_snow_thickness
Snow Thickness
m
Actual thickness of snow (snow volume divided by snow-covered area)
SImon
mon
longitude latitude time
seaIce
area: mean where snow over sea_ice area: time: mean where sea_ice
area: areacello
sea_ice_speed
Sea-Ice Speed
m s-1
Speed of ice (i.e. mean absolute velocity) to account for back-and-forth movement of the ice
SImon
mon
longitude latitude time
seaIce
area: time: mean where sea_ice (comment: mask=siconc)
net (sum of transport in all directions) sea ice area transport through the following four passages, positive into the Arctic Ocean 1. Fram Strait = (11.5W,81.3N to (10.5E,79.6N) 2. Canadian Archipelago = (128.2W,70.6N) to (59.3W,82.1N) 3. Barents opening = (16.8E,76.5N) to (19.2E,70.2N) 4. Bering Strait = (171W,66.2N) to (166W,65N)
SImon
mon
siline time
seaIce
time: mean
cloud_area_fraction
Total Cloud Cover Percentage
%
Total cloud area fraction (reported as a percentage) for the whole atmospheric column, as seen from the surface or the top of the atmosphere. Includes both large-scale and convective cloud.
day
day
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
surface_upward_latent_heat_flux
Surface Upward Latent Heat Flux
W m-2
The surface called 'surface' means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. 'Upward' indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface latent heat flux is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air on account of evaporation (including sublimation). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit area, called 'flux density' in physics.
day
day
longitude latitude time
atmos
up
area: time: mean
area: areacella
surface_upward_sensible_heat_flux
Surface Upward Sensible Heat Flux
W m-2
The surface sensible heat flux, also called turbulent heat flux, is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air by motion of air.
day
day
longitude latitude time
atmos
up
area: time: mean
area: areacella
relative_humidity
Relative Humidity
%
The relative humidity with respect to liquid water for T> 0 C, and with respect to ice for T
day
day
longitude latitude plev8 time
atmos
time: mean
area: areacella
relative_humidity
Near-Surface Relative Humidity
%
The relative humidity with respect to liquid water for T> 0 C, and with respect to ice for T
day
day
longitude latitude time height2m
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
relative_humidity
Daily Maximum Near-Surface Relative Humidity
%
The relative humidity with respect to liquid water for T> 0 C, and with respect to ice for T
day
day
longitude latitude time height2m
atmos
area: mean time: maximum
area: areacella
relative_humidity
Daily Minimum Near-Surface Relative Humidity
%
The relative humidity with respect to liquid water for T> 0 C, and with respect to ice for T
day
day
longitude latitude time height2m
atmos
area: mean time: minimum
area: areacella
specific_humidity
Specific Humidity
1
Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.
day
day
longitude latitude plev8 time
atmos
time: mean
area: areacella
specific_humidity
Near-Surface Specific Humidity
1
Near-surface (usually, 2 meter) specific humidity.
day
day
longitude latitude time height2m
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
runoff_flux
Total Runoff
kg m-2 s-1
The total run-off (including drainage through the base of the soil model) per unit area leaving the land portion of the grid cell.
day
day
longitude latitude time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
mass_content_of_water_in_soil
Total Soil Moisture Content
kg m-2
the mass per unit area (summed over all soil layers) of water in all phases.
day
day
longitude latitude time
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
mass_content_of_water_in_soil_layer
Moisture in Upper Portion of Soil Column
kg m-2
The mass of water in all phases in the upper 10cm of the soil layer.
day
day
longitude latitude time sdepth1
land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
precipitation_flux
Precipitation
kg m-2 s-1
includes both liquid and solid phases
day
day
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
convective_precipitation_flux
Convective Precipitation
kg m-2 s-1
Convective precipitation at surface; includes both liquid and solid phases.
day
day
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
snowfall_flux
Snowfall Flux
kg m-2 s-1
At surface; includes precipitation of all forms of water in the solid phase
day
day
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
air_pressure_at_mean_sea_level
Sea Level Pressure
Pa
Sea Level Pressure
day
day
longitude latitude time
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air
Surface Downwelling Longwave Radiation
W m-2
The surface called 'surface' means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. 'longwave' means longwave radiation. Downwelling radiation is radiation from above. It does not mean 'net downward'. When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called 'irradiance'. In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called 'vector irradiance'. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per
day
day
longitude latitude time
atmos
down
area: time: mean
area: areacella
surface_net_downward_longwave_flux
Net Longwave Surface Radiation
W m-2
Net longwave surface radiation
day
day
longitude latitude time
atmos
down
area: time: mean
area: areacella
surface_upwelling_longwave_flux_in_air
Surface Upwelling Longwave Radiation
W m-2
The surface called 'surface' means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. 'longwave' means longwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean 'net upward'. When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called 'irradiance'. In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called 'vector irradiance'. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per unit
day
day
longitude latitude time
atmos
up
area: time: mean
area: areacella
toa_outgoing_longwave_flux
TOA Outgoing Longwave Radiation
W m-2
at the top of the atmosphere (to be compared with satellite measurements)
day
day
longitude latitude time
atmos
up
area: time: mean
area: areacella
surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air
Surface Downwelling Shortwave Radiation
W m-2
Surface solar irradiance for UV calculations.
day
day
longitude latitude time
atmos
down
area: time: mean
area: areacella
surface_net_downward_shortwave_flux
Net Shortwave Surface Radiation
W m-2
Net downward shortwave radiation at the surface
day
day
longitude latitude time
atmos
down
area: time: mean
area: areacella
surface_upwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air
Surface Upwelling Shortwave Radiation
W m-2
The surface called 'surface' means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. 'shortwave' means shortwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean 'net upward'. When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called 'irradiance'. In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called 'vector irradiance'. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, 'flux' implies per un
day
day
longitude latitude time
atmos
up
area: time: mean
area: areacella
wind_speed
Daily-Mean Near-Surface Wind Speed
m s-1
near-surface (usually, 10 meters) wind speed.
day
day
longitude latitude time height10m
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
wind_speed
Daily Maximum Near-Surface Wind Speed
m s-1
Daily maximum near-surface (usually, 10 meters) wind speed.
day
day
longitude latitude time height10m
atmos
area: mean time: maximum
area: areacella
surface_snow_area_fraction
Snow Area Percentage
%
Percentage of each grid cell that is occupied by snow that rests on land portion of cell.
day
day
longitude latitude time
landIce land
area: time: mean
area: areacella
surface_snow_amount
Surface Snow Amount
kg m-2
The mass of surface snow on the land portion of the grid cell divided by the land area in the grid cell; reported as missing where the land fraction is 0; excludes snow on vegetation canopy or on sea ice.
day
day
longitude latitude time
landIce land
area: mean where land time: mean
area: areacella
air_temperature
Air Temperature
K
Air Temperature
day
day
longitude latitude plev8 time
atmos
time: mean
area: areacella
air_temperature
Near-Surface Air Temperature
K
near-surface (usually, 2 meter) air temperature
day
day
longitude latitude time height2m
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
air_temperature
Daily Maximum Near-Surface Air Temperature
K
maximum near-surface (usually, 2 meter) air temperature (add cell_method attribute 'time: max')
day
day
longitude latitude time height2m
atmos
area: mean time: maximum
area: areacella
air_temperature
Daily Minimum Near-Surface Air Temperature
K
minimum near-surface (usually, 2 meter) air temperature (add cell_method attribute 'time: min')
day
day
longitude latitude time height2m
atmos
area: mean time: minimum
area: areacella
surface_temperature
Surface Temperature Where Land or Sea Ice
K
Surface temperature of all surfaces except open ocean.
day
day
longitude latitude time
land
area: time: mean (comment: over land and sea ice)
area: areacella
eastward_wind
Eastward Wind
m s-1
Zonal wind (positive in a eastward direction).
day
day
longitude latitude plev8 time
atmos
time: mean
area: areacella
eastward_wind
Eastward Near-Surface Wind
m s-1
Eastward component of the near-surface (usually, 10 meters) wind
day
day
longitude latitude time height10m
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
northward_wind
Northward Wind
m s-1
Meridional wind (positive in a northward direction).
day
day
longitude latitude plev8 time
atmos
time: mean
area: areacella
northward_wind
Northward Near-Surface Wind
m s-1
Northward component of the near surface wind
day
day
longitude latitude time height10m
atmos
area: time: mean
area: areacella
lagrangian_tendency_of_air_pressure
Omega (=dp/dt)
Pa s-1
Omega (vertical velocity in pressure coordinates, positive downwards)
day
day
longitude latitude plev8 time
atmos
time: mean
area: areacella
geopotential_height
Geopotential Height
m
Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy. Geopotential height is the geopotential divided by the standard acceleration due to gravity. It is numerically similar to the altitude (or geometric height) and not to the quantity with standard name height, which is relative to the surface.
day
day
longitude latitude plev8 time
atmos
time: mean
area: areacella
cell_area
Grid-Cell Area for Atmospheric Grid Variables
m2
For atmospheres with more than 1 mesh (e.g., staggered grids), report areas that apply to surface vertical fluxes of energy.
fx
fx
longitude latitude
atmos land
area: sum
cell_area
Grid-Cell Area for River Model Variables
m2
For river routing model, if grid differs from the atmospheric grid.
fx
fx
longitude latitude
land
area: sum
soil_moisture_content_at_field_capacity
Capacity of Soil to Store Water (Field Capacity)
kg m-2
The bulk water content retained by the soil at -33 J/kg of suction pressure, expressed as mass per unit land area; report as missing where there is no land
fx
fx
longitude latitude
land
area: mean where land
area: areacella
surface_altitude
Surface Altitude
m
The surface called 'surface' means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. Altitude is the (geometric) height above the geoid, which is the reference geopotential surface. The geoid is similar to mean sea level.
fx
fx
longitude latitude
land
area: mean
area: areacella
root_depth
Maximum Root Depth
m
report the maximum soil depth reachable by plant roots (if defined in model), i.e., the maximum soil depth from which they can extract moisture; report as *missing* where the land fraction is 0.
fx
fx
longitude latitude
land
area: mean
area: areacella
land_ice_area_fraction
Land Ice Area Percentage
%
Percentage of grid cell covered by land ice (ice sheet, ice shelf, ice cap, glacier)
fx
fx
longitude latitude
land
area: mean
area: areacella
land_area_fraction
Percentage of the Grid Cell Occupied by Land (Including Lakes)
%
Percentage of horizontal area occupied by land.
fx
fx
longitude latitude
atmos
area: mean
area: areacella
height_above_reference_ellipsoid
Altitude of Model Full-Levels
m
Height of full model levels above a reference ellipsoid. A reference ellipsoid is a mathematical figure that approximates the geoid. The geoid is a surface of constant geopotential with which mean sea level would coincide if the ocean were at rest. The ellipsoid is an approximation because the geoid is an irregular shape. A number of reference ellipsoids are defined for use in the field of geodesy. To specify which reference ellipsoid is being used, a grid_mapping variable should be attached to