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Name
Functional Category
Architectural Category
Occupancy
Pressurized Volume (m³)
Location
Developer/Agency/Company
Status
Year of First Launch/Proposal/Publication
Link
Notes
NASA Myco-Architecture Design
Surface habitat
NASA Ames
Concept
2018
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20190002580/downloads/20190002580.pdf
Kalpana One
Orbital Settlement
Artificial Gravity
3000
63813600
LEO
MIT/Georgia Tech/San Jose/Verified Express LLC
Concept
2007
https://space.nss.org/wp-content/uploads/Kalpana-One-2007.pdf
Lewis One
Orbital Settlement
Artificial Gravity
10000
103083508
AI Globus/NASA Ames
Concept
1992
https://space.nss.org/settlement/nasa/LewisOne/lewisOnePaper.pdf
Hyperion
Deep Space Transport Vehicle
Artificial Gravity
4
634
Deep Space
USC
Concept
2020
https://pdf.sciencedirectassets.com/315814/1-s2.0-S2468896720X00024/1-s2.0-S2468896720300112/main.pdf?X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEJD%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJHMEUCIQDpPwFblzDN8fvr4BV093Ubg0IXZjdzbOveNnxl8sZZVQIgLuHqZEvkEcpDbDuduyvAgtWlZVG%2BqssmwUVNOC00qU0qsgUIOBAFGgwwNTkwMDM1NDY4NjUiDJ7oVQwFdE3CWjMzeiqPBaJirbZ%2F1jmm0PSRB62KrZunBlcTHJNgz1G8RUWi%2FJxO9Kkj0oWioyelJgYDZTAEk48TVpnKiULniEvOdNy6jIECKloKeEg0SqJyy%2BZc5g8bVul50KYj8JlxN%2BaOk4FGzWJK5cAafWFwtncTwmDCHhsewtP3OG7ssrYizF31nYji8htNLR19OBfP7GpCsUVphmb54NdfsVIfcKrordkqSqRr0t4csaP9WldJr77LZKlAWjBd4g2iBVTX4o3xFV7eDnwAYz6bpIVQs7w04G9hnErKp9vkNEG5hHP3A4rZoZd%2BWwfBXEP1cVkPBqcmcSsRvze64U5CzcVdzNyA24wCoUrL%2B9jAA5bv6pS4CkYlOSa1R3qeMCHXtkR7SKQfgIsn6jhJcxWlLU5Q4lInaryF7Gbv2ejbGzVrpuzC0CpQjbJHZcK1m7mF7ShFu58kjZ0W6aclieD69I%2FbKovaVqOBYuOXsCPJuXXyk%2B1AK%2FAx0IPmqsn14%2B41WHPO44EsVijCzTqwSmcR0g1nJYhzKCVUY1a5GG%2Fb4fxZ5Scdyp8bVxgB7WsGExsJSRySvA85j8Kifi1355vrpAH1vzf5VLj1CDpteiF98lUfrAxNwexU6UaPdoMc1k3zkvhzba72mlJ4Obu3tJLOHX1U1IvaDyscA42oX6e3av1wGcL%2B7TqYe4AQBtlIp1MG%2F3s8sAn8IgSOPoaogAd1YA6uLtNPfCeDcmHsjtCLF5hmqL9pOxRT%2FISUgFYqexyWk8YlKM7i3CJc6LV63gwk02IHN0hfBG2ncTD3ZRmtrVJzlT8cuZIMNxqAwTtxQtWloNa3E%2B0V8cAhKEHETVOggLM3uo408C1pYNrzI2ULl8GTNLKg3ui0BgUwr6%2FqnwY6sQHsMT3vaheYgHmJkmJwoVAKrKJdx3MNM5nAWAJfpqyTry9V2kzengZLVbaosfYLnm4xAAjtRSicT9GJMWNnWDzZhutjsVct9L4qhTBJvO1VjUVSjfBd8qL6iCAdd6lhKO8vQ1DLtne2op966u17nTmwoPCOClsXysAgqNSVd9y4ibahMTsWhEXQviON5mUL6h2dZg6tvz%2FU4FT3SGlfXCNvFlHATDvAyYOSuTwjukiqtrQ%3D&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20230225T234249Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-Credential=ASIAQ3PHCVTY32NXMV3U%2F20230225%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=a09ff18fedbbad336aacfa52119e28a4bb999635f12adcd2b6d069b2d52a2c49&hash=7b6e94116465652aa416319a43134cbf71dee2ad6e8709c724398017f11c2c19&host=68042c943591013ac2b2430a89b270f6af2c76d8dfd086a07176afe7c76c2c61&pii=S2468896720300112&tid=spdf-7feed506-eecc-4b74-8ab8-09855c4bfc9a&sid=7fbf84724a43d345d18b66737c4a359b21c1gxrqa&type=client&tsoh=d3d3LXNjaWVuY2VkaXJlY3QtY29tLmNvbG9yYWRvLmlkbS5vY2xjLm9yZw%3D%3D&ua=0f16505808535703035e00&rr=79f44cb9dadd2b24&cc=us
Copernicus-B MTV
Deep Space Transport Vehicle
Artificial Gravity
6
360
Deep Space
NASA
Concept
2016
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20160014801/downloads/20160014801.pdf
von Braun MTV
Deep Space Transport Vehicle
Artificial Gravity
6
Deep Space
NASA
Concept
2016
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20160014801/downloads/20160014801.pdf
Airbus Loop
Orbital Habitat
Artificial Gravity
4
402
LEO
Airbus
Real, in development
2023
https://www.airbus.com/en/airbus-loop
Europa One
Deep Space Transport Vehicle
Artificial Gravity
6
Deep Spcae
Europa Report (Movie)
Fiction
2013
Konstantin
Deep Space Transport Vehicle
Artificial Gravity
6
Deep Space
Daniel Suarez
Fiction
2019
https://daniel-suarez.com/deltav_design.html
Hail Mary
Deep Space Transport
Artificial Gravity
3
Deep Space
Andy Weir
Fiction
2021
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Hail_Mary
Rama
Orbital Settlement
Artificial gravity
-
-
Deep Space
Arthur C. Clarke
Fictional
1973
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rendezvous_with_Rama#:~:text=The%20%22Rama%22%20of%20the%20title,outside%20the%20orbit%20of%20Jupiter.
Ringworld
Orbital Settlement
Artificial gravity
-
-
Deep Space
Larry Niven
Fictional
1970
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringworld
O'Neil Cylinders
Orbital Settlement
Artificial gravity
-
-
Deep Space
Gerard K. O'Neil
Concept
1976
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%27Neill_cylinder
Discovery One (2001: A Space Odyssey)
Deep Space Transport Vehicle
Artificial gravity
5
Deep Space
2001: A Space Odyssey
Fictional
1968
https://2001.fandom.com/wiki/Discovery
Variable Gravity Space Station Prototype and Testbed
Orbital Habitat
Artificial gravity
-
-
LEO
David Nixon PhD RIBA FRAS
Concept
2020
https://spacearchitect.org/portfolio-item/variable-gravity-space-station-prototype-and-testbed/
Deep Space Nine
Orbital Habitat
Artificial gravity
Thousands
-
Deep Space
Rick Berman and Michael Pillar
Fictional
1993
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_Space_Nine_(fictional_space_station)
Starbase Yorktown
Orbital Settlement
Artificial gravity
Hundreds of thousands
-
Deep Space
Justin Lin
Fictional
2016
https://memory-alpha.fandom.com/wiki/Yorktown#:~:text=Yorktown%2C%20also%20known%20as%20Starbase,nebula%2C%20in%20the%20alternate%20reality.
Babylon 5
Orbital Settlement
Artificial gravity
Hundreds of thousands
-
Deep Space
J. Michael Straczynski
Fictional
1994
https://babylon5.fandom.com/wiki/List_of_Ship_Classes
Von Braun's Habitat Concept
Orbital Habitat
Artificial gravity
Tens
-
LEO
Werner Von Braun / NASA
Concept
1956?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5JJL8CUfF-o&ab_channel=LarryKentta
Growable Artificial Gravity Space Habitat
Orbital Habitat
Artificial gravity
8000
Deep Space
Muhao Chen, Raman Goyal, Manoranjan Majji, Robert E. Skelton
Concept
2020
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1270963820308294
Stowaway Ship
Crew Transport Vehicle
Artificial gravity
3
Deep Space
Scott Manley
Fictional
2021
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stowaway_(2021_film)
Voyager Station
Orbital Habitat
Artificial gravity
LEO
Above Space Development Corp (formerly Orbital Assembly)
Concept
2022
https://orbitalassembly.com/voyager
Pioneer Station
Orbital Habitat
Artificial gravity
LEO
Above Space Development Corp.
Concept
2025
https://orbitalassembly.com/pioneer
Vast Space Station
Orbital Habitat, Crew Transport
Artificial gravity
40
LEO
Vast Space
Concept
2022
https://www.vast.space/technology
Wohnrad
Orbital Habitat
Artificial gravity
LEO
Herman Potocnik
Concept
1928
Project Olympus (Y Station)
Orbital Habitat
Artificial gravity
24
233.28
LEO
NASA, Edward Olling
Concept
1962
1968 "I" Design Habitat
Orbital Habitat
Artificial gravity
50
2690
LEO
NASA
Concept
1968
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19690017085/downloads/19690017085.pdf
1963 Dumbbell Design
Orbital Habitat
Artificial gravity
LEO
NASA
Concept
1963
TESSERAE
Orbital Habitat
Modular
LEO
Ariel Ekblaw
Concept study
2017
https://www.media.mit.edu/projects/tesserae-self-assembling-space-architecture/overview/
Orbital Reef (Blue Oirign/Sierra)
Orbital Habitat
Modular
10
830
LEO
Blue Origin, Sierra Nevada
Real, in development
2021
https://www.orbitalreef.com/
MARINA
Orbital Habitat
Modular
Tens
-
LEO
MIT
Concept
2017
https://news.mit.edu/2017/mit-space-hotel-wins-nasa-graduate-design-competition-0628
Orb2
Orbital Habitat
Modular
-
2000
LEO
Think Orbital / Vojtech Holub
Concept
2021
https://www.thinkorbital.com/downloads/AIAA_Journal_Orb2.pdf
International Space Station (ISS)
Orbital Habitat
Modular
6-9
1005
LEO
NASA, Roscosmos, JAXA, ESA, CSA
Real, operational
1998
https://www.issnationallab.org/about/iss-timeline/
Lunar Gateway
Orbital Habitat
Modular
4
> 125
Cislunar Space
NASA, ESA, JAXA, CSA
Real, in development
2018
https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2018/09/nasa-lunar-gateway-plans/
Northrup Grumman Space Station
Orbital Habitat
Modular
LEO
Northrup Grumman
Real, in development
2021
https://www.northropgrumman.com/space/commercial-space-station/
Orbital Outpost X
Orbital Habitat
Modular
LEO
Orbital Outpost X
Concept
2021
CYBELE
Surface Habitat
Modular
Martian Surface
SEArch+, Langley
Concept
2019
https://spacearchitect.org/portfolio-item/cybele/
LINA
Surface Habitat
Modular
Lunar Surface
AI Space Factory
Concept
2022
https://www.aispacefactory.com/lina
McDonnell-Douglas Modular Space Station
Orbital Habitat
Modular
6
775.6
LEO
NASA, McDonnell-Douglas
Concept
1972
DIANA
Surface Habitat
Modular
6-18
Lunar Surface
Acker et. al, University of Stuttgart
Concept
2022
https://ttu-ir.tdl.org/bitstream/handle/2346/89732/ICES-2022-188.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
1977 Lunar Construction Base
Surface Habitat
Modular
150-300
Lunar Surface
NASA
Concept
1977
1971 Lunar Base Concept: 3-Person Module
Surface Habitat
Modular
3
42.47
Lunar Surface
NASA
Concept
1971
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19710016384/downloads/19710016384.pdf
1971 Lunar Base Concept: 6-Person Module
Surface Habitat
Modular
6
87.78
Lunar Surface
NASA
Concept
1971
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19710016384/downloads/19710016384.pdf
Aldrin-Purdue Cycler
Deep Space Transport Vehicle
Modular
Deep Space
Buzz Aldrin
Concept
1985
https://buzzaldrin.com/space-vision/rocket_science/aldrin-mars-cycler/
Mars Transit Habitat Point of Departure
Crew Transport Vehicle
Modular
Deep Space
NASA Langley
Concept
2016
SOM/ESA Lunar Village
Surface Settlement
Modular
Lunar Surface
SOM/ESA/MIT
Concept
https://www.som.com/news/som-releases-concept-for-moon-village-the-first-permanent-human-settlement-on-the-lunar-surface/
Lunar Palace
Terrestrial Analague
Modular
3
Earth
CMSE
Real, operational
2013
Haven-1 (Vast)
Orbital Habitat
Modular
40
LEO
Vast
Real, in development
2023
https://spacenews.com/vast-announces-plans-for-first-commercial-space-station/
LavaHive
Surface Habitat
Modular
4
Martian Surface
Liquifer Systems Group
Concept
2015
https://liquifer.com/lavahive/
ARES Base
Surface Habitat
Modular
7
5875
Martian Surface
Logan A. Miller/University of Houston
Concept
2023
https://ttu-ir.tdl.org/bitstream/handle/2346/94627/ICES-2023-182.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Orbital University
Orbital Habitat
Modular, parametric
100
LEO
Nonfiction/ISS/WDO
Concept study
2025
https://www.nonfiction.design/projects/orbital-university
Hassel's Mars Settlement
Surface Settlement
Modular, parametric
-
Martian Surface
Hassel Studio
Concept
2018
https://www.hassellstudio.com/project/nasa-3d-printed-habitat-challenge
Tiangong
Orbital Habitat
Monolithic
3
340
LEO
CNSA
Real, operational
2021
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiangong_space_station
Salyut
Orbital Habitat
Monolithic
3
99
LEO
Soviet Space Program
Real, flown
1971
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salyut_programme
Skylab
Orbital Habitat
Monolithic
3
352
LEO
NASA
Real, flown
1973
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skylab
Bernal Sphere
Orbital Settlement
Monolithic, artificial gravity
Thousands
6.54 x 10^7
Deep Space
John Desmond Bernal, Gerry O'Neill
Concept
1929
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernal_sphere
Stanford Torus
Orbital Settlement
Monolithic, artificial gravity
Thousands
6.9x10^6
Deep Space
NASA
Concept
1975
http://large.stanford.edu/courses/2016/ph240/martelaro2/#:~:text=The%20Stanford%20Torus%20was%20a,support%20human%20life%20and%20activities.
Arrival Ship
Deep Space Transport Vehicle
Monolithic, artificial gravity
-
-
Deep Space
Ted Chiang/Denis Villeneuve
Fictional
2002
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrival_(film)
Mars Ice House
Surface Habitat
Parametric
Martian Surface
NASA LRC
Concept study
2015
http://www.marsicehouse.com/
Biosphere-2
Terrestrial Analogue
Parametric
8
-
Earth
University of Arizona
Real, operational
1986
https://biosphere2.org/about/about-biosphere-2
Mars X House V2
Surface Habitat
Parametric
4
-
Martian Surface
SEArch+
Concept
2019
http://www.spacexarch.com/mars-xhouse-v2
Building with Celestial Bodies
Surface Habitat
Parametric
-
-
Deep Space
Tim Elrick
Concept
2019
https://spacearchitect.org/portfolio-item/building-with-celestial-bodies/
Mars X House V1
Surface Habitat
Parametric
-
-
Martian Surface
SEArch+
Concept
2019
http://www.spacexarch.com/marsxhousev1
Lunar Lantern
Surface Habitat
Parametric
-
-
Lunar Surface
SEArch+ and ICON
Concept
2021
http://www.spacexarch.com/lunar-lantern
Mars Dune Alpha
Terrestrial Analogue
Parametric
4
1700 square feet
Martian Surface
Icon
Real, operational
2021
https://www.theguardian.com/science/2023/apr/12/nasa-texas-humans-prepare-mars
Marsha
Surface Habitat
Parametric
2
Martian Surface
AI Space Factory
Concept
2018
https://www.aispacefactory.com/marsha
Rosenberg 3D Printed Space Habitat
Terrestrial Analogue
Parametric
2
Earth
SAGA
Real, operational
2022
https://saga.dk/projects/rosenberg
Dandelion Shelter
Surface Habitat
Parametric
2
Martian Surface
SAGA
Concept
2018
https://saga.dk/projects/dandelion-shelter
NEST
Surface Habitat
Parametric
4
Martian Surface
Jose-Miguel Armijo-Vielma
Concept
2015
https://ttu-ir.tdl.org/bitstream/handle/2346/94708/ICES-2023-294.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
SinterHab 3D Printed Habitat
Surface Habitat
Parametric, Modular
Lunar Surface
XTEND
Concept
2018
https://spacearchitect.org/portfolio-item/global-moon-village-2/
Nüwa Martian City
Surface Settlement
Polylithic
Thousands
-
Martian Surface
SONet Architecture & Urban Design: ABIBOO Studio, Alfredo Munoz, Gonzalo Rojas, Engeland Apostol, Sebastián Rodríguez, Verónica Florido, Owen Hughes Pearce.
Concept
2020
https://spacearchitect.org/portfolio-item/nuwa-martian-city/
3D Printed Mars Habitat
Surface Habitat
Polylithic
-
-
Martian Surface
Xavier De Kestelier, Jonathan Irawan, Shawn Wu, Xuanzhi Huang, Nikolaos Argyros, David Brown (Hassell); Ben Lewis , Sam Gregson (Eckersley O’Callaghan)
Concept
2018
https://spacearchitect.org/portfolio-item/3d-printed-mars-habitat-3rd-phase-of-nasas-centennial-challenge/
Mir
Orbital Habitat
Polylithic
3
350
LEO
Roscosmos
Real, flown
1986
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir
Axiom Hab One (AxH1)
Orbital Habitat
Modular, Monolithic
4
150
LEO
Axiom
Real, in development
2016
https://www.axiomspace.com/axiom-station
Blue Moon (Blue Origin HLS)
Surface Lander
Unclassifiable
4
Lunar Surface
Blue Origin
Real, in development
2016
https://www.blueorigin.com/blue-moon/
Starship HLS (SpaceX)
Crew Transport Vehicle
Unclassifiable
Lunar Surface
SpaceX
Real, in development
2023
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starship_HLS
Australia Mars Analog Research Station
Terrestrial Analogue
Unclassifiable
-
-
Earth
The Mars Society
Real, cancelled
1998
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Society#cite_note-20
The Stranger
Orbital Settlement
Unclassifiable
-
-
Deep Space
Outer Wilds
Fictional
2019
https://outerwilds.fandom.com/wiki/Stranger
Mars Desert Research Station
Terrestrial Analogue
Unclassifiable
6
Earth
The Mars Society
Real, operational
2002
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Desert_Research_Station
NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operations
Terrestrial Analogue
Unclassifiable
6
-
Earth
NASA
Real, operational
2001
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NEEMO
Starlab (Voyager)
Orbital Habitat
Unclassifiable
4
340
LEO
Nanoracks
Real, in development
2021
https://nanoracks.com/starlab/#:~:text=The%20main%20structure%20of%20Starlab,a%20spacious%20340m3%20volume.
The Flashline Mars Arctic Research Station
Terrestrial Analogue
Unclassifiable
6
Earth
The Mars Society
Real, operational
2002
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flashline_Mars_Arctic_Research_Station
Orion
Crew Transport Vehicle
Unclassifiable
6
20
Cislunar Space
Lockheed Martin
Real, in development
2014
https://www.lockheedmartin.com/en-us/products/orion.html?gclid=CjwKCAjwmJeYBhAwEiwAXlg0AXvQBOVgdk1Aw0qHpUIbuq-976XLOWG1N0wUTSx0MvQq-F3KUymqDBoCWU4QAvD_BwE
HERA
Terrestrial Analogue
Unclassifiable
4
Earth
NASA JSC
Real, operational
2014
https://www.nasa.gov/analogs/hera/about
Altair
Surface Lander
Unclassifiable
4
17.5
Lunar Surface
NASA
Real, cancelled
2007
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altair_(spacecraft)
Concordia Station, Antarctica
Terrestrial Analogue
Unclassifiable
16
Earth
France/Italy
Real, operational
2005
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concordia_Station
Rocinante
Deep Space Transport Vehicle
Unclassifiable
-
-
Deep Space
The Expanse
Fictional
2011
https://expanse.fandom.com/wiki/Rocinante_(TV)
Apollo Command and Service Module
Crew Transport Vehicle
Unclassifiable
3
10.4
Cislunar Space
NASA
Real, flown
1966
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_command_and_service_module
Crew Dragon (SpaceX)
Crew Transport Vehicle
Unclassifiable
4
9.3
LEO
SpaceX
Real, flown
2019
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SpaceX_Dragon_2
HI-SEAS
Terrestrial Analogue
Unclassifiable
6
Earth
HI-SEAS, NASA HRP, University of Hawaii
Real, operational
2013
https://www.hassellstudio.com/project/nasa-3d-printed-habitat-challenge
Hilton Lunar Hotel
Surface Habitat
Unclassifiable
100
Lunar Surface
Hilton
Concept
1967
https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/hilton-hotel-on-moon-scn-cmd/index.html
European Mars Analogue Research Station
Terrestrial Analogue
Unclassifiable
6
-
Earth
The Mars Society
Real, operational
2003
Apollo Lunar Module
Surface Lander
Unclassifiable
3
6.65
Lunar Surface
NASA
Real, flown
1968
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_Lunar_Module
Transhab/BEAM
Orbital Habitat
Unclassifiable
6
339.8
LEO
Bigelow
Real, in development
1997
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20160011581/downloads/20160011581.pdf
NOAH
Surface Habitat
Unclassifiable
3-8
-
Martian Surface
AAKA Space Studio
Concept
2023
https://www.aakaspacestudio.com/2-2
B330
Orbital Habitat
Unclassifiable
6
330
LEO
Bigelow
Real, cancelled
2010
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B330
Goodyear's 'Moby Dick' Habitat Module
Orbital Habitat
Unclassifiable
LEO
Goodyear/NASA
Concept study
1961
https://moam.info/deployable-lunar-habitation-design_5a62752d1723ddb27031bbac.html
StarMax
Orbital Habitat
Unclassifiable
2
400
LEO
Gravitics
Real, in development
2022
https://www.gravitics.com/
Life™ Habitat (Sierra)
Orbital Habitat
Unclassifiable
4-12
300
LEO
Sierra Space
Real, in development
2022
https://www.sierraspace.com/space-destinations/life-space-habitat/
Vostok
Crew Transport Vehicle
Unclassifiable
1
18.8
LEO
Soviet Space Program
Real, flown
1961
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vostok_programme
Voskhod
Crew Transport Vehicle
Unclassifiable
2-3
32.7
LEO
Soviet Space Program
Real, flown
1964
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voskhod_(spacecraft)
Soyuz
Crew Transport Vehicle
Unclassifiable
3
4
LEO
Roscosmos / Soviet Space Program
Real, flown
1967
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuz_(spacecraft)
Gemini
Crew Transport Vehicle
Unclassifiable
2
2.25
LEO
NASA
Real, flown
1964
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Gemini
Mercury
Crew Transport Vehicle
Unclassifiable
1
2.8
LEO
NASA
Real, flown
1959
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Mercury
USS Enterprise (NCC-1701)
Crew Transport Vehicle
Unclassifiable
100-150
Deep Space
Gene Roddenbury
Fictional
1966
https://memory-alpha.fandom.com/wiki/USS_Enterprise_(NCC-1701)
Space Transportation System (Space Shuttle)
Launch Vehicle, Orbital Habitat, Lander
Unclassifiable
7
74.3
LEO
NASA
Real, flown
1981
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttle
Artemis Base Camp (Foundation Surface Habitat)
Surface Habitat
Unclassifiable
2-4
Lunar Surface
NASA
Real, in development
2020
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BKWiIp5in50&ab_channel=AmericanAstronauticalSociety
Counterpoint: A Lunar Colony
Surface Habitat
Unclassifiable
200
-
Lunar Surface
The Houston Endowment, NASA HQ, NASA JSC
Concept
1974
https://www.worldcat.org/title/counterpoint-a-lunar-colony/oclc/844610984
Orbiter Hilton
Orbital Habitat
Unclassifiable
24
LEO
Hilton
Concept
1967
https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/hilton-hotel-on-moon-scn-cmd/index.html
Dreamchaser (Sierra)
Crew Transport Vehicle
Unclassifiable
7
LEO
Sierra Space
Real, in development
2023
Starliner (Boeing)
Crew Transport Vehicle
Unclassifiable
LEO
Boeing
Real, in development
Deep Space Transport (NASA)
Deep Space Transport Vehicle
Unclassifiable
4
648
Deep Space
NASA
Concept
2017
https://arstechnica.com/science/2017/03/for-the-first-time-nasa-has-begun-detailing-its-deep-space-exploration-plans/
NIAC Torpor Habitat
Crew Transport Vehicle
Unclassifiable
6
105
Deep Space
SpaceWorks
Concept
2014
https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/files/NIAC_Torpor_Habitat_for_Human_Stasis.pdf
BIG/SEArch+ Project Olympus
Surface Habitat
Unclassifiable
Lunar Surface
BIG/SEArch+/NASA
Concept
2020
https://www.designboom.com/architecture/bjarke-ingels-group-icon-search-lunar-habitat-moon-10-01-2020/
Copernicus MTV
Deep Space Transport Vehicle
Unclassifiable
6
360
Deep Space
NASA
Concept
2016
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20160014801/downloads/20160014801.pdf
Double check to see if these can count as different designs; consist mainly of Orion/TransHab
Mars Science City
Terrestrial Analogue
Unclassifiable
176,000 square meters
Earth
BIG Bjarke Ingels Group, UAE
Concept
2018
https://arquitecturaviva.com/works/mars-science-city#
Lunark
Terrestrial Analogue
Unclassifiable
2
Earth
SAGA
Real, operational
2020
https://saga.dk/projects/lunark/
1969 STG Space Station Module
Orbital Habitat
Modular
12
Earth
US Space Task Group
Concept
1969
https://history.nasa.gov/taskgrp.html
1969 STG Space Base
Orbital Habitat
Modular
100
Earth
US Space Task Group
Concept
1969
https://history.nasa.gov/taskgrp.html
Space Station Freedom "Power Tower" Configuration
Orbital Habitat
Unclassifiable
4
878
Earth
NASA
Concept
1984
http://www.astronautix.com/p/powertowersestation-1984.html
Space Station Freedom "Dual Keel" Configuration
Orbital Habitat
Unclassifiable
4
878
Earth
NASA
Concept
1985
http://www.astronautix.com/d/dualkeelspaestation-1985.html
Nomadic Psuedo-Earth
Deep Space Transport Vehicle
Artificial Gravity, Monolithic
100000
Deep Space
Dandridge M. Cole
Concept
1964
https://space.nss.org/islands-in-space-the-challenge-of-the-planetoids-the-pioneering-work-of-dandridge-m-cole/
NASA Mars Transit Habitat 2023
Deep Space Transport Vehicle
Modular
4
400
Deep Space
NASA/Andrew Choate (MSFC)
Concept
2023
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20230002033/downloads/2023%20IEEE%20TH%20Update%20Presentation%20-%20STRIVES%20Upload%20-%20Rev1.pptx.pdf
Erectable Modular Space Station
Orbital Habitat
Modular
1
934
LEO
NASA/Renee Berglund
Concept
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19700024980/downloads/19700024980.pdf
Hermes
Deep Space Transport Vehicle
Artificial Gravity, Modular
6
Deep Space
Andy Weir
Fiction
2011
https://the-martian.fandom.com/wiki/Hermes_Spacecraft
The Space Analog for the Moon & Mars at Biosphere 2 (SAM)
Terrestrial Analogue
Unclassifiable
4
Earth
Kai Staats and team
Analogue
2022
https://samb2.space
NASA Lunar Surface Habitat
Surface Habitat
Polylithic
4
190
Lunar Surface
NASA/Andrew Choate (MSFC)
Concept
2023
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20230009189
Jamestown
Surface Habitat
Modular
36
Lunar Surface
For All Mankind
Fiction
2019
https://for-all-mankind.fandom.com/wiki/Jamestown
Omicron
Orbital Habitat
Modular
3
LEO
Ondrej Doule, Vratislav Saleny, Tomas Rousek, Benoit Herin
Concept
2011
https://www.spaceinnovations.net/concepts_omicron
Also academic paper
Lunar Capsule
Surface Habitat
Monolithic
2
Lunar Surface
Dilshod Sharipov
Concept
2022
https://amazingarchitecture.com/futuristic/lunar-capsule-by-cosmo-render-dilshod-sharipov
McDonnell Douglas Evolutionary Space Platform
Orbital Habitat
Modular
Earth
McDonnell Douglas
Concept
1982
Boeing Space Operations Center
Orbital Habitat
Modular
Earth
JSC/Boeing
Concept
1982
Space Operations Study (1979)
Orbital Habitat
Modular
4
566.3
Earth
Johnson Space Center
Concept
1979
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19800015850/downloads/19800015850.pdf
Axiom Hab Two (AxH2)
Orbital Habitat
Modular, monolithic
Earth
Axiom
Real, in development
2021
https://www.axiomspace.com/axiom-station
1982 NASA Space Station Task Force: TRW
Orbital Habitat
Modular
4
Earth
TRW
Concept
1982
http://www.astronautix.com/s/spacestationdesigns-1982.html
1982 NASA Space Station Task Force: Grumman Design
Orbital Habitat
Modular
3
Earth
Grumman
Concept
1982
http://www.astronautix.com/s/spacestationdesigns-1982.html
1982 NASA Space Station Task Force: Martin Marietta Design
Orbital Habitat
Modular
Earth
Martin Marietta
Concept
1982
http://www.astronautix.com/s/spacestationdesigns-1982.html
1982 NASA Space Station Task Force: McDonnell-Douglas
Orbital Habitat
Modular
Earth
McDonnell-Douglas
Concept
1982
http://www.astronautix.com/s/spacestationdesigns-1982.html
1982 NASA Space Station Task Force: Lockheed Design
Orbital Habitat
Modular
Earth
Lockheed
Concept
1982
http://www.astronautix.com/s/spacestationdesigns-1982.html
1982 NASA Space Station Task Force: Rockwell Design
Orbital Habitat
Modular
Earth
Rockwell
Concept
1982
http://www.astronautix.com/s/spacestationdesigns-1982.html
Space Applications Manned Space Platform
Orbital Habitat
Modular
4
Earth
MSFC/McDonnell-Douglas
Concept
1982
http://www.astronautix.com/s/scienceandaspaceplatform.html
Space Station Freedom "Racetrack" Configuration
Orbital Habitat
Modular
4
878
Earth
NASA
Concept
1984
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268473940_The_Continuum_of_Space_Architecture_From_Earth_to_Orbit
Space Station Triangular-Tetrahedral Configuration
Orbital Habitat
Modular
4
Earth
Mark Cohen
Concept
1988
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20080004088/downloads/20080004088.pdf
Pale Red Dot
Surface Habitat
Modular
36
Mars
MIT
Concept
2023
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/374831400_Pale_Red_Dot_a_Large_Robust_Architecture_for_Human_Settlements_on_Mars
Hassell Lunar Habitat Master Plan
Surface Settlement
Modular
150
Mars
Hassell/ESA
Concept
2024
https://www.hassellstudio.com/news-event/lunar-master-plan-hassell-and-european-space-agency-launch-pioneering-habitat-concept
Variable-Gravity Life Science Facility
Orbital Habitat
Artificial Gravity, Modular
Earth
Kriss Kennedy, SICSA
Concept
1988
https://sicsa.egr.uh.edu/sites/sicsa/files/files/publications/variable-g.pdf
Lunar Surface Conical Tower Facility
Surface Habitat
Monolithic
Moon
Kriss Kennedy
Concept
2021
https://spacearchitect.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/KJKennedy_Full_CV_7-24-23.pdf
Lunar Surface Cylindrical Tower Facility
Surface Habitat
Monolithic
Moon
Kriss Kennedy
Concept
2021
https://spacearchitect.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/KJKennedy_Full_CV_7-24-23.pdf
Lunar Lava Tube Tower Facility Architecture
Surface Habitat
Monolithic
Moon
Kriss Kennedy
Concept
2020
https://spacearchitect.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/KJKennedy_Full_CV_7-24-23.pdf
Constellation Lunar Lander: Concept 1
Surface Lander
Unclassifiable
4
Moon
Kriss Kennedy
Concept
2008
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269126162_Lunar_Lander_Strategies
Constellation Lunar Lander: Concept 2
Surface Lander
Unclassifiable
4
Moon
Kriss Kennedy
Concept
2008
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269126162_Lunar_Lander_Strategies
Constellation Lunar Lander: Concept 3
Surface Lander
Unclassifiable
4
Moon
Kriss Kennedy
Concept
2008
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269126162_Lunar_Lander_Strategies
Constellation Lunar Lander: Concept 4
Surface Lander
Unclassifiable
4
Moon
Kriss Kennedy
Concept
2008
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269126162_Lunar_Lander_Strategies
Constellation Lunar Lander: Concept 5
Surface Lander
Unclassifiable
4
Moon
Kriss Kennedy
Concept
2008
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269126162_Lunar_Lander_Strategies
Inflatable Habitat for Lunar Return
Crew Transport Vehicle
Unclassifiable
2
14.53
Cislunar Space
Kriss Kennedy
Concept
1996
https://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/40177%28207%29144
Constellation Lunar Lander: Concept 6 'HabiTank'
Surface Lander
Unclassifiable
2
Moon
Kriss Kennedy
Concept
2007
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/293018604_The_Lunar_Lander_'HabiTank'_Concept
NASA Habitat Demonstration Unit
Terrestrial Analogue
Modular
4
Earth
NASA
Real, operational
2011
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20100003414/downloads/20100003414.pdf
ARMSTRONG
Deep Space Transport Vehicle
Artificial Gravity, Inflatable
Mars
Oklahoma State (Zach Barbeau, Shea Fehrenbach, and Jamey D. Jacob)
Concept
2013
https://arc.aiaa.org/doi/abs/10.2514/6.2013-730
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