Genistein Research
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Title
1
Effects of soy-protein supplementation on epithelial proliferation in the histologically normal human breast
2
Two-Week Dietary Soy Supplementation Has an Estrogenic Effect on Normal Premenopausal Breast
3
Red clover-derived isoflavones and mammographic breast density: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
4
Effects of phytoestrogen genistein on cytogenetic biomarkers in postmenopausal women: 1 year randomized, placebo-controlled study
5
Soy Isoflavones Have an Antiestrogenic Effect and Alter Mammary Promoter Hypermethylation in Healthy Premenopausal Women
6
Disposition of soy isoflavones in normal human breast tissue
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Soy Isoflavone supplementation for breast cancer risk reduction: a randomized phase II trial
8
The effects of Soy Supplementation on Gene expression in Breast cancer: A randomized Placebo-controlled Study
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Randomized Controlled Trial Soy isoflavones decrease fibroglandular breast tissue measured by magnetic resonance imaging in premenopausal women: A 2-year randomized double-blind placebo controlled clinical trial
10
Effects of replacing meat with soyabean in the diet on sex hormone concentrations in healthy adult males
11
Plasma and Prostate Phytoestrogen Concentrations in Prostate Cancer Patients After Oral Phytoestogen Supplementation
12
Lycopene and soy isoflavones in the treatment of prostate cancer
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Inhibition of Prostaglandin Synthesis and Actions by Genistein in Human Prostate Cancer Cells and by Soy Isoflavones in Prostate Cancer Patients
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Prostatic soy isoflavone concentrations exceed serum levels after dietary supplementation
15
MEK4 Function, Genistein Treatment, and Invasion of Human Prostate Cancer Cells
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Effects of a High Dose, Aglycone-Rich Soy Extract on Prostate-Specific Antigen and Serum Isoflavone Concentrations in Men With Localized Prostate Cancer
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Efficacy and Safety of Short-Term Genistein Intervention in Patients with Localized Prostate Cancer Prior to Radical Prostatectomy: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Phase 2 Clinical Trial
18
The effects of short-term genistein intervention on prostate biomarker expression in patients with localised prostate cancer before radical prostatectomy
19
Effects of genistein supplementation on genome-wide DNA methylation and gene expression in patients with localized prostate cancer
20
Impact of 18-month soy protein supplementation on steroid hormones and serum biomarkers of angiogenesis, apoptosis, and the growth hormone/IGF-1 axis: results of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial in males following prostatectomy
21
Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Six-Month Intervention Study of Soy Protein Isolate in Men with Biochemical Recurrence after Radical Prostatectomy: A Pilot Study
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A Phase 2 Cancer Chemoprevention Biomarker Trial of Isoflavone G-2535 (Genistein) in Presurgical Bladder Cancer Patients
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Soy protein containing isoflavones does not decrease colorectal epithelial cell proliferation in a randomized controlled trial
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Isoflavone phytoestrogens consumed in soy decrease F2-isoprostane concentrations and increase resistance of low-density lipoprotein to oxidation in humans
25
Estrogen Receptor-Mediated Effects of Isoflavone Supplementation Were Not Observed in Whole-Genome Gene Expression Profiles of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Postmenopausal, Equol-Producing Women
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Pubmed link
Cancer type
General effect
Study design
Population demographic
Treatment and outcomes measured
Results
Conclusions
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9848512/
Breast
Potentially worsen
a randomized controlled trial
n=48 women with benign and malignant breast conditions
Dose: 60g soy supplement (containing 45mg isoflavones) Duration: 14 days Variables measured: • proliferation rate of premenopausal, histologically normal breast epithelium • the expression of progesterone receptor
• Dietary soy supplementation increases the proliferation rate of premenopausal, histologically normal breast epithelium. • Serum concentrations of the isoflavones genistein and daidzein increased in the soy group at 14 days. • Progesterone receptor expression increased significantly in the soy group.
Soy supplementation significantly increases the proliferation rate of breast lobular epithelium.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10566643/
Breast
Potentially worsen
a randomized controlled trial
n=84 premenopausal women due to undergo breast biopsy or definitive surgery
Dose: 60g soy supplement (containing 45mg isoflavones) Duration: 14 days Variables measured: • serum concentrations of the isoflavonoids, genistein, daidzein, and equol • nipple aspirate (NA) levels of genistein and daidzein • NA levels of apolipoprotein D • pS2 levels
• 14-day dietary soy supplementation with 60 g (45 mg isoflavones) raised serum concentrations of the isoflavanoids, genistein, daidzein, and equol. • Nipple aspirate levels of genistein and daidzein were higher than paired serum levels, both before and after soy supplementation. • Soy supplementation caused a weak estrogenic response on the breast, as measured by nipple aspirate apolipoprotein D and pS2 expression.
Soy has a weak estrogenic response on the breast, as measured by nipple aspirate apolipoprotein D and pS2 expression.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15084240/
Breast
Not significant
a double blind, randomized, placebo controlled trial
n=205 women aged 49-65 years who had Wolfe P2 or DY breast patterns
Dose: red clover derived isoflavone tablet (26 mg biochanin a, 16 mg formononetin, 1 mg genistein and 0.5 mg daidzein) or placebo, 1 tablet daily Duration: 12 months Variables measured: "• mammographic breast density • serum oestradiol • follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) • luteinizing hormone (LH) • menopausal symptoms • lymphocyte tyrosine kinase activity"
• Taking a red clover-derived isoflavone supplement daily for 1 year did not increase mammographic breast density in this population of women. • There were no effects on oestradiol, gonadotrophins, or lymphocyte tyrosine kinase activity. • There were no statistically significant treatment effects on frequency of hot flushes or other menopausal symptoms.
The supplement did not increase mammographic breast density in this population of women.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18541232/
Breast
Potentially benefit
a randomized placebo controlled study
n=57 postmenopausal women who were 50-58 years old
Dose: pure administration of phytoestrogen genistein (54 mg/day) in 2 tablets Duration: 12 months Variables measured: • Sister chromatid exchange rate • High frequency cells count • Chromosomal aberration frequency, plasma genistein level
• Phytoestrogen genistein administration reduced cytogenetic biomarkers in postmenopausal women after one year. • Sister chromatid exchange rate was significantly lower in the genistein group compared to the control group. • There was a negative relationship between sister chromatid exchange rate and plasma levels in the genistein group.
Genistein was effective in reducing cytogenetic biomarkers.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19235040/
Breast
Potentially benefit
a randomized controlled trial
n=34 healthty premenopausal women interested in the study, enrolled, and completed
Dose: 37.2mg (26.4mg genistein) or 128.8mg isoflavone (90.6mg genistein) capsules daily Duration: 1 menstural cycle Variables measured: "• Estrogenic marker complement (C)3 • Changes in cytology • Methylation assessment of 5 cancer related genes (p16, RASSF1A, RARβ2, ER, and CCND2)"
• Soy isoflavones have an antiestrogenic effect, as evidenced by an inverse correlation between C3 and genistein levels. • Isoflavones induced dose-specific changes in RARβ2 and CCND2 gene methylation, which correlated with genistein levels. • These findings provide novel insights into the estrogenic and methylation effects of dietary isoflavones.
Serum C3 levels post treatment were inversely related to change in serum genistein in the low dose group. CCND2 and RARbeta2 hypermethylation increased, which correlated with posttreatment genistein levels.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20164315/
Breast
Potentially benefit
a dietary intervention study
n=31 generally healthy women undergoing an esthetic breast reduction
Dose: soy milk (16.98-mg genistein and 5.40-mg daidzein aglycone equivalents per dose), soy supplement ( 5.27-mg genistein and 17.56-mg daidzein aglycone equivalents per dose), or control group Duration: run-in period: >=4d; supplementation phase: 5d Variables measured: • isoflavone concentrations, metabolites, and biodistribution, blood and breast biopsies
• After intake of soy milk and soy supplements, isoflavones reach exposure levels in breast tissue that are higher than 17b-estradiol concentrations. • Genistein and total daidzein concentrations were higher in hydrolyzed serum and hydrolyzed breast tissue. • The major metabolites identified in nonhydrolyzed samples were genistein-7-O-glucuronide and daidzein-7-O-glucuronide, with an overall glucuronidation of 98%.
Isoflavones reach exposure levels in breast tissue at which they can influence estrogen receptor b.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22307566/
Breast
Not significant
a randomized phase II trial
n=98 women who were at high risk for breast cancer
Dose: soy isoflavones, 1 capsule per day (150mg genistein, 74mg daidzein, 11mg glycitein) Duration: 6 months Variables measured: • Ki-67 labeling index (Ki-67 LI) • atypia • expression of 28 genes related to proliferation, apoptosis and estrogenic effect
• No significant difference in Ki-67 labeling index between the soy isoflavone and placebo groups. No treatment effect on cytologic atypia or NAF parameters. • Within premenopausal soy-treated women, Ki-67 LI increased from 1.71 to 2.18 (p=0.04). • Significant increases in the expression of 14/28 genes within the soy, but not the control group.
There was no treatment effect on cytologic atypia or NAF parameters.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25190728/
Breast
Potentially worsen
a randomized placebo controlled study
n=140 women with early-stage breast cancer
Dose: 25.8g soy protein powder or 25.8g milk protein, 2 packets per day Duration: 7-30 days, from diagnosis until surgery Variables measured: • plasma isoflavones • gene expression changes • Ki67 • Cas3
• Plasma isoflavones rose in the soy group and did not change in the placebo group. • 21 genes showed altered expression in paired analysis of pre-and posttreatment samples. • A high-genistein signature consisting of 126 differentially expressed genes was identified from microarray analysis of tumors.
Gene expression associated with soy intake and high plasma genistein defines a signature characterized by overexpression of FGFR2 and genes that drive cell cycle and proliferation pathways.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36513449/
Breast
Potentially benefit
a randomized double blind placebo controlled clinical trial
n=194 premenopausal women
Dose: Nova soy: 246 mg (30 mg daidzein, 30 mg genistein, 8.3 mg glycitein, 68.3 mg of isoflavones as aglycone equivalents) Duration: 2 years Variables measured: • Fibroglandular breast tissue • Fatty breast tissue • Fibroglandular breast tissue as percent of total breast
• A 2-year randomized double-blind placebo controlled clinical trial found that soy isoflavones can reduce fibroglandular breast tissue (FGBT) in premenopausal women. • Urinary excretion of isoflavones in adherent subjects was significantly related to changes in breast composition. • After an average of 1.2, 2.2 and 3.3 years of supplementation, a mean decrease of FGBT by 5.3, 12.1, and 19.3 cc, respectively, and a mean decrease of FGBT% by 1.37, 2.43, and 3.50%, respectively, were estimated for isoflavone exposure compared to placebo treatment.
Soy isoflavones can reduce fibroglandular breast tissue.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11103227/
Prostate
Potentially benefit
a randomised crossover dietary intervention study
n=42 healthy omnivorous Caucasian males
Dose: a diet with either 150 g lean meat or 290 g tofu daily Duration: 4 weeks; 2 weeks washout Variables measured: • testosterone • dihydrotestosterone • androstanediol glucuronide • oestradiol • sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) • free androgen index (total testosterone concentration/SHBG concentration 100)
• Replacing meat protein with soyabean protein, as tofu, had a minor effect on biologically-active sex hormones. • Urinary excretion of genistein and daidzein was significantly higher after the tofu diet. - Mean testosterone:oestradiol 10% higher in meat diet - SHBG 3% higher, FAI 7% lower in tofu diet • SHBG was 8.8% (adjusting for weight)higher on the tofu diet and testosterone:oestradiol was significantly lower.
There is a minor effect on biologically-active sex hormones, which could influence prostate cancer risk.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16114063/
Prostate
Potentially benefit
a prospective and randomized study
n=40 men with prostate cancer, assigned for radical prostatectomy
Dose: a daily oral supplement of 240 mg of clover phytoestrogens Duration: 2 weeks Variables measured: • phytoestrogens genistein and daidzein in prostate tissue • the phytoestrogen equol in plasma
• Oral supplementation with phytoestrogens induced a statistically significant increase in prostate tissue concentrations of the phytoestrogens genistein (23 fold)and daidzein (7 fold). - For the supplementation group, Prostate tissue concentration was over twofold higher than plasma concentration • For the placebo group, prostate tissue concentrations of genistein and daidzein were over two-fold higher than their plasma concentrations. • 90% of the supplemented patients had a detectable plasma equol concentration. - Prostate can concentrate availagble phytoestrogens
Phytoestrogen supplementation can induce a significant increase in prostate tissue concentrations of genistein and daidzein.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17927495/
Prostate
Potentially benefit
a clinical trial
n=71 men with prostate cancer having rising serum PSA following local therapy or while on hormone therapy
Dose: tomato extract capsule (15mg lycopene) OR together with soy isoflavone mixture capsule (40mg), twice daily Duration: maximum of 6 months Variables measured: • serum PSA levels
• In a Phase II clinical trial, lycopene alone or in combination with soy isoflavones was found to have activity in prostate cancer patients with PSA relapse disease, resulting in stabilization of serum PSA levels to be described as achieving stable disease • There may not be an additive effect between the two compounds when taken together.
Lycopene and soy isoflavones have activity in prostate cancer patients with PSA relapse disease and may delay progression of both hormone-refractory and hormone-sensitive prostate cancer.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19127598/
Prostate
Potentially benefit
a pilot randomized double blind clinical study
n=25 men scheduled to undergo prostatectomy for prostate cancer
Dose: 27.2mg isoflavone aglycones, 3 tablets per day Duration: minimum 2 weeks prior to sugery Variables measured: • Inhibition of the synthesis and biological actions of prostaglandins
• Ingestion of soy isoflavones by prostate cancer patients results in significant decreases in prostate COX-2 mRNA and increases in p21 mRNA. - Significant correlations between COX-2 mRNA suppression, p21 mRNA stimulation and serum isoflavone levels
Genistein decreases cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA and protein expression and increases 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) mRNA levels. As a result, the secretion of PGE 2 by these cells is significantly reduced.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19180569/
Prostate
Potentially benefit
a randomized controlled trial
n=25 men with prostate cancer elected to undergo radical prostatectomy
Dose: 82mg per day aglycone equivalents Duration: 2 weeks Variables measured: • effects of soy isoflavones on prostate cancer • the impact of soy supplementation on isoflavone concentrations in prostate tissues and serum
• Prostate tissue concentrations of soy isoflavones were 6-fold higher than serum concentrations after dietary supplementation. • Genistein concentrations were 4-fold higher in prostate tissue than serum, while daidzein concentrations were 10-fold higher in prostate tissue than serum. • Prostate tissue may have the ability to concentrate dietary soy isoflavones to potentially anti-carcinogenic levels.
Total isoflavone concentrations were an average of ∼6-fold higher in prostate tissue compared to serum.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19638505/
Prostate
Potentially benefit
In vitro exteriment, phase II randomizd trial
n=24 genistein treated patients and untreated control patients
Dose: Genistein (150mg/day) pills Duration: 4 weeks Variables measured: • cell invasion • extracellular protease activity • Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2)
• Cell invasion is an initial step in metastasis and a defining feature that is required for a diagnosis of invasive prostate cancer. • Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) is elevated in invasive prostate cancer tissue.
Inhibiting early steps of the metastatic cascade prevents development of later steps and elevated extracellular protease activity increases the invasive activity of many cancer cell types.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21058191/
Prostate
Not significant
a double blind, placebo controlled, randomized trial
n=53 men with localized prostate cancer
Dose:ma supplement containing 450 mg genistein, 300 mg daidzein, and other isoflavones daily Duration: 6 months Variables measured: "• PSA concentrations • serum concentrations of genistein, daidzein, and equol"
• Following the completion of the 6-mo double-blind study, PSA concentrations did not change in either group after 6 mo or after 12 mo when the open-label study was included. • The 6 mo serum concentrations of genistein and daidzein were significantly greater than baseline values, but these dietary supplements alone did not lower PSA levels in men with low-volume prostate cancer.
PSA concentrations did not change in either group after 6 mo or after 12 mo when the openlabel study was included.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21714686/
Prostate
Potentially benefit
a placebo controlled, block randomized doubleblind Phase 2 study
n=54 men with localized prostate cancer who were scheduled to have a radical prostatectomy
Dose: genistein, at a dose of 30 mg per day Duration: 3-6 weeks prior to prostatectomy Variables measured: • serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) • total cholesterol • plasma concentrations of total genistein
• 30 mg of synthetic genistein daily reduced serum PSA levels (7.8%) in patients with localized prostate cancer, without any effects on hormones. • Genistein was well tolerated and had a beneficial effect on blood cholesterol. • Plasma concentrations of total genistein were on average 100-fold higher in the genistein arm after treatment.
Serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) decreased by 7.8% in the genistein arm and increased by 4.4% in the placebo arm. There were no significant effects on thyroid or sex hormones.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22397815/
Prostate
Potentially benefit
a phase 2 placebocontrolled, randomised, double blind clinical trial
n=47 men with localized prostate cancer in Norway
Dose: genistein: 30 mg Duration: 3-6 weeks Variables measured: • androgen receptor • NK3 homeobox 1 • kallikrein related peptide 4 (KLK4) • p21 Waf1/Cip1 • p27 Kip1 • p53 • androgen • cell cycle • proliferation • apoptosis • neuroendocrine differentiation
No significant effects by genistein intervention on proliferation-, cell cycle-, apoptosis- and neuroendcrine biomarkers • Genistein intervention significantly reduced the mRNA level of KLK4 in tumour cells. • There was a nonsignificant reduction in androgen and cell cycle-related biomarkers, except for p27 Kip1, whose expression in the nuclear compartment was increased. • Genistein intervention modulated the expression of several biomarkers which may be related to PCa prediction and progression.
Genistein may modulate the expression of prostate tissue biomarkers.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28560383/
Prostate
Potentially benefit
a randomized, placebo controlled, double blind clinical trial
n=56 men with prostate cancer
Dose: synthetic genistein: 30 mg Duration: 3-6 weeks Variables measured: - gene methylation and expression levels - MYC activity - PTEN activity
• Genistein supplementation prior to prostatectomy was associated with changes in methylation and gene expression levels in prostate specimens. • Differentially regulated genes were involved in developmental processes, stem cell markers, proliferation and transcriptional regulation. • Enrichment analysis suggested overall reduction in MYC activity and increased PTEN activity in genistein-treated patients.
Genistein affects genes involved in developmental processes, stem cell markers, proliferation and transcriptional regulation.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33432829/
Prostate
Potentially benefit
a randomized, placebo controlled trial
n=159 radical prostatectomy patients who were at elevated risk of recurrence after radical prostatectomy
Dose: soy protein isolate: 70.5 mg of all forms of isoflavones (19.2 g as analyzed), with 24mg genistein, daily; calcium caseinate: 19.8 g (control) Duration: 18 months Variables measured: • circulating testosterone • SHBG • free testosterone • estradiol • VEGF • IGF-1 • IGFBP-3 • IGF-1/IGFBP-3 ratio • soluble Fas • Fas ligand • sFas/Fas ligand ratio
• 18 months of consumption of 19.2 g/day of whole soy protein isolate containing 24 mg genistein reduced circulating testosterone and SHBG, but not free testosterone. • Soy protein supplementation did not affect serum concentrations of estradiol, VEGF, IGF-1, IGFBP-3, IGF-1/IGFBP-3 ratio, soluble Fas, Fas-ligand, and sFas/Fas-ligand ratio. • Soy protein supplementation affected the androgen axis, but the effects on other cancer biomarkers remain to be more definitively determined.
Soy protein supplementation for 18 months affected the androgen axis, but the effects on other cancer biomarkers remain to be more definitively determined.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33764851/
Prostate
Not significant
a randomized, placebo controlled intervention study
n=17 men with biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy.
Dose: 20g/day soy protein beverage powder (24-26mg genistein, 40-43mg total isoflavones) Duration: 6-8 months Variables measured: • PSA levels • cholesterol levels • PSA doubling times
• Sixteen men were randomized to 20 g soy protein or casein placebo. • Serum genistein levels greatly increased from baseline and cholesterol decreased in the soy group • PSA increased similarly in both treatment arms and PSA doubling times were not different over the 6-8 months study duration. (null finding)
PSA increased similarly in both the soy and placebo group and soy protein did not affect PSA in this study.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22293631/
Bladder
Potentially benefit
a phase 2 randomized, placebo controlled trial
n=59 people with bladder cancer who were screened for the study
Dose: G-2535 (soy extract), 1 capsule taken orally bid, for a dose of 300 mg genistein/day; G-2535, 2 capsules taken orally bid, for a dose of 600 mg genistein/day; or placebo, 1 or 2 capsules taken orally bid for 14-21 days until the day prior to planned TURBT or cystectomy, or up to 30 days if surgery was delayed Duration: 14-21 days Variables measured: • p EGFR staining in bladder cancer tissue
• Genistein was well tolerated and detected in plasma and urine of subjects receiving G-2535. • Reduction in bladder cancer tissue p-EGFR staining between the placebo arm and the combined genistein arms was significant at the protocol-specified significance level of 0.10 (p=0.07). - significant for low genistein concentration group only • No significant differences in tumor tissue staining between treatment groups was observed for COX-2, Ki-67, activated caspase 3, Akt, p-Akt, MAPK, or p-MAPK.
Genistein was detected in plasma and urine of subjects receiving G-2535 and that reduction in bladder cancer tissue p-EGFR staining between the placebo arm and the combined genistein arms was significant.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16155276/
Colorectal
Potentially worsen
randomized intervention trial
n=150 pople recently diagnosed with adenomatous polyps
Dose: soy drink powder: 45.6 mg genistein, 31.7 mg daidzein, and 5.5 mg glycitein (aglycone units) per day; placebo: ethanol extract of the +ISO powder: 3 mg total isoflavones per day Duration:12 months Variables measured: • cell proliferation in the cecum, sigmoid colon, and rectum • average height of proliferating cells in the cecum, sigmoid colon, and rectum
• Supplementation with soy protein containing isoflavones does not reduce colorectal epithelial cell proliferation or the average height of proliferating cells in the cecum, sigmoid colon, and rectum. • Cell proliferation increased by 0.9 labeled nuclei per crypt more (11%) in the ѿISO group than in the -ISO group over the 12-mo intervention, which was the opposite of predicted result. • In the cecum and sigmoid colon, but not in the rectum, the proliferation count increased as the serum genistein concentration increased.
Soy protein containing isoflavones does not reduce colorectal epithelial cell proliferation.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10919933/
Other
Potentially benefit
a randomized, crossover design
n=24 healthy adults
Dose: vegetarian burgers made with textured soy proteins; one burger daily 2 isoflavone concentrations: 221.2mg daidzein, 34.9mg genistein OR 0.9mg daidzein, 1mg genistein Duration: 17 days Variables measured: • plasma concentrations of an F 2 -isoprostane, 8-epiprostaglandin F 2𝛼 (8-epi PGF 2𝛼 ), a biomarker of in vivo lipid peroxidation, and resistance of LDL to copper ion induced oxidation
• Consumption of soy containing naturally occurring amounts of isoflavone phytoestrogens reduced lipid peroxidation in vivo and increased the resistance of LDL to oxidation. • Plasma concentrations of 8-epi-PGF2𝛼 were significantly lower after the high-isoflavone dietary treatment than after the low-isoflavone dietary treatment. • The lag time for copper-ion-induced LDL oxidation was longer after the high-isoflavone dietary treatment than after the low-isoflavone dietary treatment.
The diet enriched with soy isoflavones reduced lipid peroxidation in vivo and increased the resistance of LDL to oxidation. Its antioxidant effects could lower cancer risk.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23616509/
Breast
Other
Potentially benefit
a double blind, randomized cross over design
n=30 postmenopausal, equol producing women
Dose: isoflavones: 94 mg (rich in daidzein (60%)) Duration: 2 8-week periods with a 8-week washout period in between Variables measured: • gene expression in PBMCs • clusters of gene sets involved in inflammation, oxidative phosphorylation, and cell cycle
• Intake of an isoflavone supplement rich in daidzein for 8 weeks significantly changed the gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in equol-producing, postmenopausal women. • Gene set enrichment analysis revealed downregulated clusters of gene sets involved in inflammation, oxidative phosphorylation, and cell cycle. • Expression of estrogen receptor (ER) target genes and gene sets related to ER signaling were not significantly altered, likely due to the low ERa and ERb expression in PBMCs.
Expression of estrogen receptor target genes and gene sets related to estrogen receptor signaling were not significantly altered. Antioxidant action of isoflavones (as mentioned above) may be related to cancer risk.
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