No
No
No
No
No
No
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Yes
No
No
Article V, Section 44.3 and 48.1 of the Colorado Constitution states that for congressional and state legislative districts: “(4) No map may be approved by the commission or given effect by the supreme court if: (a) It has been drawn for the purpose of protecting one or more incumbent members, or one or more declared candidates, of the United States house of representatives or any political party; or (b) It has been drawn for the purpose of or results in the denial or abridgement of the right of
Yes
No
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No
Article III, Sections 20 and 21 of the Constitution state that state legislative and congressional “districts shall not be drawn with the intent or result of denying or abridging the equal opportunity of racial or language minorities to participate in the political process or to diminish their ability to elect representatives of their choice…”
No
No
No
No
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No
Illinois law states: “In any redistricting plan pursuant to Article IV, Section 3 of the Illinois Constitution, Legislative Districts and Representative Districts shall be drawn, subject to subsection (d) of this Section, to create crossover districts, coalition districts, or influence districts. The requirements imposed by this Article are in addition and subordinate to any requirements or obligations imposed by the United States Constitution, any federal law regarding redistricting Legislative
No
No
No
Iowa law states for state legislative districts: “No district shall be drawn for the purpose of favoring a political party, incumbent legislator or member of Congress, or other person or group, or for the purpose of augmenting or diluting the voting strength of a language or racial minority group.”
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No
No
No
No
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No, but considering legislation
No
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No, but considering legislation
No
Yes
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No
No
No
The Missouri Constitution states: “The following principles shall take precedence over any other part of this constitution: no district shall be drawn in a manner which results in a denial or abridgment of the right of any citizen of the United States to vote on account of race or color; and no district shall be drawn such that members of any community of citizens protected by the preceding clause have less opportunity than other members of the electorate to participate in the political process
No
The Redistricting Commission adopted mandatory criteria for legislative and congressional districts in 2021 that state: “Protection of minority voting rights are guaranteed in Article II, Section 4 of the Montana Constitution and through compliance with the Voting Rights Act. No district, plan, or proposal for a plan is acceptable if it affords members of a racial or language minority group “less opportunity than other members of the electorate to participate in the political process and to elec
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No
No
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Yes, considering legislation
No
No (The state passed legislation that is referred to as a Voting Rights Act, but it does not contain key provisions found in the federal VRA, specifically prohibitions against minority vote dilution and retrogression.)
No
Yes
Article III, Section 4(c) of the New York Constitution states: “When drawing district lines, the commission shall consider whether such lines would result in the denial or abridgement of racial or language minority voting rights, and districts shall not be drawn to have the purpose of, nor shall they result in, the denial or abridgement of such rights. Districts shall be drawn so that, based on the totality of the circumstances, racial or minority language groups do not have less opportunity to
No
No
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No
No
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Yes
In addition, Oregon law states for state legislative and congressional districts: “No district shall be drawn for the purpose of diluting the voting strength of any language or ethnic minority group.”
No
No
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No
No
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No
No
No
No
No
Utah law states for legislative districts: “The commission shall ensure that: (a) each map recommended by the commission… (iv) does not use race as a predominant factor in drawing district lines.” [Note this is prohibited by the Fourteenth Amendment of the US Constitution.]
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Yes
No
Yes
In reference to counties, municipal corporations, and special purpose districts, Washington law states: “Population data may not be used for purposes of favoring or disfavoring any racial group or political party.”
No
No
No
No
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