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Name
Pillar
Topic
Status
Citation/ Notes
Attachments
Obesity: "The animal experiments showing a relationship between accelerated postnatal growth, altered insulin secretion and glucose sensitivity due to developmental exposure to daily doses of BPA within the range of human exposure provide a strong argument for further research into the possibility that developmental exposure to BPA as well as other EDCs are contributing to the development of obesity later in life."
FBigPlastic
Body Dangers of Plastic (BPA)
Research
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3306519/
Testosterone: Symptoms of low testosterone depend on the age of person, and include the following: Low sex drive Erectile dysfunction Decreased sense of well-being Depressed mood Difficulties with concentration and memory Fatigue Moodiness and irritability Loss of muscular strength Other changes that occur with low testosterone include: A decrease in hemoglobin and mild anemia A decrease in body hair Thinning of the bones (osteoporosis) Increased body fat Breast development (gynecomastia) Infertility
FBigPlastic
Body Dangers of Plastic (BPA)
Research
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15603-low-testosterone-male-hypogonadism "Low testosterone affects almost 40% of men aged 45 and older."
Hormone Imbalance in Women: A Cause for Concern
FBigPlastic
Body Dangers of Plastic (BPA)
Research
http://www.rjlbpcs.com/article-pdf-downloads/2018/18/221.pdf
Testosterone: "In men, testosterone helps maintain and develop: Sexual features Muscle mass Adequate levels of red blood cells Bone density Sense of well-being Sexual and reproductive function"
FBigPlastic
Body Dangers of Plastic (BPA)
Research
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15603-low-testosterone-male-hypogonadism
BPA " Researchers do know BPA is an endocrine-disrupting chemical. It enters the body and mimics estrogen, the main hormone involved in female development."
FBigPlastic
Body Dangers of Plastic (BPA)
Research
https://thechart.blogs.cnn.com/2013/06/12/bpa-linked-to-obesity-in-young-girls/
Testosterone: Estrogen excess (usually from an external or environmental source) is a cause. Aromatase - will convert testosterone to estrogen. BPA will stimulate this. Aromatase B (Cyp19a1b) is a brain-specific enzyme that converts testosterone to estrogen
FBigPlastic
Body Dangers of Plastic (BPA)
Research
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4602822/#:~:text=Particularly%2C%20many%20studies%20have%20shown,(ERs)%20%CE%B1%20and%20%CE%B2.&text=To%20date%2C%20multiple%20lines%20of,inhibitory%20effects%20on%20testosterone%20synthesis.
BP-3 and BPA were associated with significantly lower TT in male adolescents, and BPA was associated with significantly higher TT in female adolescents.
FBigPlastic
Body Dangers of Plastic (BPA)
Research
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27383665/
EDC: "Juvenile female alligators had malformed ovaries, while males had lower than average testosterone levels and a small penis."
FBigPlastic
Body Dangers of Plastic (BPA)
Research
https://www.newswise.com/articles/endocrine-disruptors-start-a-medical-revolution-from-alligators-to-humans
BPA: Men occupationally exposed to BPA have shown decreased sperm quality, reduced libido and higher rates of erectile dysfunction.
FBigPlastic
Body Dangers of Plastic (BPA)
Research
https://www.theguardian.com/society/2021/mar/28/shanna-swan-fertility-reproduction-count-down
Sperm: "Shanna Swan is a professor of environmental medicine and public health at Mount Sinai school of medicine in New York City, studying fertility trends. In 2017 she documented how average sperm counts among western men have more than halved in the past 40 years."
FBigPlastic
Body Dangers of Plastic (BPA)
Research
https://www.theguardian.com/society/2021/mar/28/shanna-swan-fertility-reproduction-count-down
BPA Factory workers: When employment in a BPA-exposed factory lasted 1 year or less, BPA-exposed workers already experienced a significantly higher frequency of reduced sexual function compared with unexposed workers during the same period of employment. The BPA-exposed workers had more than 6-fold increased risk of having a reduction in frequency of intercourse (OR ¼ 6.7) and ejaculation function (OR ¼ 6.3), a 10-fold increased risk of having reduced satisfaction with sex life (OR ¼ 10.0), more than 17-fold increased risk of having reduced sex drive (OR ¼ 17.7), and a 15-fold increased risk of reduced ability to have an erection (OR ¼ 15.0) (Table VI). Additional years of employment showed similar results.
FBigPlastic
Body Dangers of Plastic (BPA)
Research
http://www.oxfordjournals.org/news/dep381.pdf
BPA: "The FDA banned the chemical's use in bottles and sippy cups in 2012."
FBigPlastic
Body Dangers of Plastic (BPA)
Research
https://www.cnn.com/2021/10/12/health/plastic-chemical-early-death-wellness/index.html?utm_campaign=KHN%3A%20Daily%20Health%20Policy%20Report&utm_medium=email&_hsmi=169880732&_hsenc=p2ANqtz-9jkNZpfnhrgFO0mg1rwnzJ-TGC5veymG7r4F5voN67wlDfU6No-cv-a7I--RxYNZ9NoycEq13o2cvyMCoDHmMF1rcd1g&utm_content=169880732&utm_source=hs_email
BPA: "The chemical BPA has also been linked to abnormalities in male babies' reproductive systems and later infertility issues in adult men, as well as obesity, heart disease, cancer and premature death from any cause."
FBigPlastic
Body Dangers of Plastic (BPA)
Research
https://www.cnn.com/2021/10/12/health/plastic-chemical-early-death-wellness/index.html?utm_campaign=KHN%3A%20Daily%20Health%20Policy%20Report&utm_medium=email&_hsmi=169880732&_hsenc=p2ANqtz-9jkNZpfnhrgFO0mg1rwnzJ-TGC5veymG7r4F5voN67wlDfU6No-cv-a7I--RxYNZ9NoycEq13o2cvyMCoDHmMF1rcd1g&utm_content=169880732&utm_source=hs_email
BPA: "One study found drinking water from polycarbonate bottles increased BPA levels by two-thirds in just one week."
FBigPlastic
Body Dangers of Plastic (BPA)
Research
https://www.cnn.com/2020/08/17/health/bpa-bisphenol-a-plastics-canned-foods-death-wellness/index.html
BPA: "just a few days of eliminating BPA-like products from your lifestyle can lower the amount of BPA in your bloodstream."
FBigPlastic
Body Dangers of Plastic (BPA)
Research
https://silentspring.org/news/fresh-food-diet-reduces-levels-hormone-disruptors-bpa-and-dehp
BPA: "A report by the CDC found levels of BPA in the urine of nearly every American adult."
FBigPlastic
Body Dangers of Plastic (BPA)
Research
https://www.cdc.gov/biomonitoring/BisphenolA_FactSheet.html
Plastic has been known to leech chemicals that mimic estrogen and confuse the way our bodies organs talk to each other.
FBigPlastic
Body Dangers of Plastic (BPA)
Research
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4602822/#:~:text=Particularly%2C%20many%20studies%20have%20shown,(ERs)%20%CE%B1%20and%20%CE%B2.&text=To%20date%2C%20multiple%20lines%20of,inhibitory%20effects%20on%20testosterone%20synthesis.
BPA Consequences: Evidence also exists for relations between bisphenols and adult diabetes, reduced semen quality, and polycystic ovarian syndrome; phthalates and prematurity, reduced anogenital distance in boys, childhood obesity, and impaired glucose tolerance; organophosphate pesticides and reduced semen quality; and occupational exposure to pesticides and prostate cancer. Greater evidence has accumulated than was previously identified for cognitive deficits and attention-deficit disorder in children following prenatal exposure to bisphenol A, organophosphate pesticides, and polybrominated flame retardants. "
FBigPlastic
Body Dangers of Plastic (BPA)
Research
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/landia/article/PIIS2213-8587(20)30129-7/fulltext
BPA: "BPA is a prime suspect on the growing list of what scientists call “environmental obesogens,” chemicals found in the environment that may cause obesity."
FBigPlastic
Body Dangers of Plastic (BPA)
Research
https://thechart.blogs.cnn.com/2013/06/12/bpa-linked-to-obesity-in-young-girls/
BPA: Gut Health A recent study in a preclinical model of inflammatory bowel disease shows dietary exposure to bisphenol-A, or BPA, found in polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins, can increase mortality and worsen its symptoms."
FBigPlastic
Body Dangers of Plastic (BPA)
Research
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/07/180705125720.htm
BPA: Gut Health "BPA may be involved in processes associated with gastrointestinal inflammation"
FBigPlastic
Body Dangers of Plastic (BPA)
Research
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5877778/#:~:text=Knowledge%20concerning%20the%20impact%20of,inflammation%20%5B25%2C26%5D.
BPA: "Since BPA is able to leach into food from polycarbonate containers, humans are exposed to this substance mainly through the digestive tract "
FBigPlastic
Body Dangers of Plastic (BPA)
Research
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5877778/#:~:text=Knowledge%20concerning%20the%20impact%20of,inflammation%20%5B25%2C26%5D.
BPA Obesity: BPA at environmentally relevant doses inhibits the release of a key adipokine that protects humans from metabolic syndrome
FBigPlastic
Body Dangers of Plastic (BPA)
Research
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19079714/
"The endocrine system, made up of all the body's different hormones, regulates all biological processes in the body from conception through adulthood and into old age, including the development of the brain and nervous system, the growth and function of the reproductive system, as well as the metabolism and blood sugar levels."
FBigPlastic
Body Dangers of Plastic (BPA)
Research
https://www.epa.gov/endocrine-disruption/what-endocrine-system#:~:text=The%20endocrine%20system%2C%20made%20up,the%20metabolism%20and%20blood%20sugar
BPA "BPA is qualified as a xenoestrogen because it mimics estrogen effects due to its characteristic polycyclic phenolic chemical structure, similar to estradiol"
FBigPlastic
Body Dangers of Plastic (BPA)
Research
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2020.00353/full "The industrial use of BPA is impressive with ~9 million tons per year produced worldwide (2–4). Resiliency, flexibility, and durability have decreed the large-scale success of BPA-based PC plastics"
"In the ocean, the sun breaks down these plastics into tinier and tinier pieces, a process known as photodegradation. Most of this debris comes from plastic bags, bottle caps, plastic water bottles, and Styrofoam cups."
FBigPlastic
Earth Dangers to Plastic
Research
https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/great-pacific-garbage-patch Meme idea: the garbage patch has a gyre that draws in plastic it has more attraction than you F Plastic Buy Cans
"The seafloor beneath the Great Pacific Garbage Patch may also be an underwater trash heap. Oceanographers and ecologists recently discovered that about 70% of marine debris actually sinks to the bottom of the ocean."
FBigPlastic
Earth Dangers to Plastic
Research
https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/great-pacific-garbage-patch
"Persistent plastics, with an estimated lifetime for degradation of hundreds of years in marine conditions, can break up into micro- and nanoplastics over shorter timescales, thus facilitating their uptake by marine biota throughout the food chain"
FBigPlastic
Earth Dangers to Plastic
Research
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5918521/ "achieving already established objectives for reductions in marine litter remains a huge challenge, and one unlikely to be met without a fundamental rethink of the ways in which we consume plastics"
" It has also been estimated that the global quantity of plastic in the ocean will nearly double to 250 million tonnes by 2025 [6],2 which likely also represents a pollutant load of millions of tonnes of chemical additives."
FBigPlastic
Earth Dangers to Plastic
Research
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5918521/
"Microplastics move with currents, wave action and wind conditions, and can be found throughout all marine compartments. "
FBigPlastic
Earth Dangers to Plastic
Research
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5918521/ " The quantity observed floating in the open ocean represents only a fraction of the total input: over two-thirds of plastic litter ends up on the seabed with half of the remainder washed up in beaches and the other half floating on or under the surface, so quantifying only floating plastic debris seriously underestimates the amounts of plastics in the oceans"
"481.6 BILLION plastic bottles were used worldwide in a single year. That’s 40 billion per month and 1.3 billion per year."
FBigPlastic
Earth Dangers to Plastic
Research
https://habitsofwaste.org/call-to-action/plastic-bottles/#:~:text=Plastic%20Bottle%20Facts,plastic%20is%20wasted%20each%20year. "Only 9% of plastic is recycled (this number is declining) due to China no longer accepting US plastics."
"plastic monomers such as Bisphenol A (BPA), can affect both development and reproduction in marine species"
FBigPlastic
Earth Dangers to Plastic
Research
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5918521/
"Currently, more than 300 million tons of new plastic is produced annually and less than 10% is recycled."
FBigPlastic
Earth Dangers to Plastic
Research
https://www.5gyres.org/truth-about-recycling "When those markets are depressed, virgin plastic becomes far cheaper to buy than recycled plastic. Additionally, many plastic products degrade each time they’re processed — unlike metal or glass, which can be perpetually recycled— making them progressively less valuable.
"Additionally, many plastic products degrade each time they’re processed — unlike metal or glass, which can be perpetually recycled— making them progressively less valuable. "
FBigPlastic
Earth Dangers to Plastic
Research
https://www.5gyres.org/truth-about-recycling
"Infinitely recyclable. -A highly durable metal, aluminum is 100% recyclable and can be recycled again and again without degrading its inherent value. Nearly 75% of all aluminum ever produced is still in use today.""
FBigPlastic
Why Aluminum Cans?
Research
https://www.aluminum.org/sustainability "The aluminum industry is working constantly to reduce its carbon impact. In fact, over the past 30 years, the North American aluminum industry has cut its carbon footprint by more than half."
" Consumer Recycling Rate: Aluminum 45.2% Glass 39.6% plastic bottles 20.3%"
FBigPlastic
Why Aluminum Cans?
Research
https://www.aluminum.org/sites/default/files/2021-11/KPI_Report_2021.pdf https://www.aluminum.org/canadvantage
"Closed-Loop Circularity Rate" Aluminum 92.6% Glass 30-60% Plastic Bottles 26.8%
FBigPlastic
Why Aluminum Cans?
Research
https://www.aluminum.org/sites/default/files/2021-11/KPI_Report_2021.pdf The closed-loop circularity rate in this KPI report reflects the percentage of recycled material used to go back into the same product - in this case new beverage containers.
"Global plastic waste set to almost triple by 2060, says OECD"
FBigPlastic
Earth Dangers to Plastic
Research
https://www.oecd.org/environment/global-plastic-waste-set-to-almost-triple-by-2060.htm?utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=newsletter_axiospm&stream=top
"A team of scientists have discovered microplastics in live human lungs in the most robust study of its kind. "
FBigPlastic
Earth Dangers to Plastic
Research
https://www.hyms.ac.uk/about/news/2022/scientists-discover-microplastics-in-deepest-section-of-the-lungs "Researchers found the most abundant microplastics were polyethylene, from for example degraded plastic packaging or carrier bags;"
""There is serious doubt that [recycling plastic] can ever be made viable on an economic basis," one industry insider wrote in a 1974 speech."
FBigPlastic
Earth Dangers to Plastic
Research
https://www.npr.org/2020/09/11/897692090/how-big-oil-misled-the-public-into-believing-plastic-would-be-recycled "All used plastic can be turned into new things, but picking it up, sorting it out and melting it down is expensive. Plastic also degrades each time it is reused, meaning it can't be reused more than once or twice."
"Plastic also degrades each time it is reused, meaning it can't be reused more than once or twice."
FBigPlastic
Earth Dangers to Plastic
Research
https://www.npr.org/2020/09/11/897692090/how-big-oil-misled-the-public-into-believing-plastic-would-be-recycled
"All used plastic can be turned into new things, but picking it up, sorting it out and melting it down is expensive."
FBigPlastic
Earth Dangers to Plastic
Research
https://www.npr.org/2020/09/11/897692090/how-big-oil-misled-the-public-into-believing-plastic-would-be-recycled
"We found that the industry sold the public on an idea it knew wouldn't work — that the majority of plastic could be, and would be, recycled — all while making billions of dollars selling the world new plastic."
FBigPlastic
Earth Dangers to Plastic
Research
https://www.npr.org/2020/09/11/897692090/how-big-oil-misled-the-public-into-believing-plastic-would-be-recycled
"The U.S. Interior Department said on Wednesday it will phase out the sale of single-use plastic products in national parks and other public lands by 2032."
FBigPlastic
Earth Dangers to Plastic
Research
https://www.cnbc.com/2022/06/08/us-to-ban-sale-of-single-use-plastic-on-public-lands-national-parks-by-2032.html
"single-use plastic products refer to items that are disposed of immediately after use, like plastic and polystyrene food and beverage containers, bottles, straws, cups, cutlery and disposable plastic bags."
FBigPlastic
Earth Dangers to Plastic
Research
https://www.cnbc.com/2022/06/08/us-to-ban-sale-of-single-use-plastic-on-public-lands-national-parks-by-2032.html
" In 2011, plastic trash was America's primary export to China"
FBigPlastic
Earth Dangers to Plastic
Research
https://www.5gyres.org/truth-about-recycling
"our kidneys and liver work hard to get rid of toxins in our bodies, and they depend on water to do their job.”
Peak Performance
Hydration
Research
https://www.cnn.com/2017/09/27/health/benefits-of-water-and-fluids/index.html
"You’re constantly losing water and electrolytes throughout the day via breath, sweat, urine and bowel movements, so even mild dehydration can exhaust you and affect many of your body’s daily functions."
Peak Performance
Hydration
Research
https://www.cnn.com/2017/09/27/health/benefits-of-water-and-fluids/index.html
"“We did a study on people who were mildly dehydrated, which can happen within just 30 minutes of exercise,” Casa said, “and we found mood was compromised in both men and women.” Signs of dehydration"
Peak Performance
Hydration
Research
https://www.cnn.com/2017/09/27/health/benefits-of-water-and-fluids/index.html
Signs of Dehydration: Adults show much different signs of dehydration, including fatigue, dizziness, confusion, less-frequent urination and extreme thirst"
Peak Performance
Hydration
Research
https://www.cnn.com/2017/09/27/health/benefits-of-water-and-fluids/index.html
"Groups at Risk of Vitamin B12 Inadequacy: Older adults, Individuals with gastrointestinal disorders, Vegetarians"
Peak Performance
Vitamin B12
Research
https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB12-HealthProfessional/#:~:text=In%20the%20United%20States%20and,older%20than%2060%20%5B33%5D.
Commonality of low B12 "However, low or marginal vitamin B12 status (200–300 pg/mL [148–221 pmol/L]) without these symptoms is much more common, at up to 40% in Western populations, especially in those with low intakes of vitamin B12-rich foods [9,11]. "
Peak Performance
Vitamin B12
Research
https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB12-HealthProfessional/#:~:text=In%20the%20United%20States%20and,older%20than%2060%20%5B33%5D.
Commonality of B12 Deficiency " In the United States and the United Kingdom, approximately 6% of adults younger than 60 years have vitamin B12 deficiency, but the rate is closer to 20% in those older than 60"
Peak Performance
Vitamin B12
Research
https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB12-HealthProfessional/#:~:text=In%20the%20United%20States%20and,older%20than%2060%20%5B33%5D.
Food Sources of B12 "B-12: Meat, poultry, fish, milk, cheese, fortified soymilk and cereals"
Peak Performance
Vitamin B12
Research
https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/the-best-foods-for-vitamins-and-minerals https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB12-HealthProfessional/#:~:text=In%20the%20United%20States%20and,older%20than%2060%20%5B33%5D.
"Vitamin B12 deficiency symptoms may include: * strange sensations, numbness, or tingling in the hands, legs, or feet * difficulty walking (staggering, balance problems) * anemia * a swollen, inflamed tongue * difficulty thinking and reasoning (cognitive difficulties), or memory loss * weakness * fatigue"
Peak Performance
Vitamin B12
Research
https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/vitamin-b12-deficiency-can-be-sneaky-harmful-201301105780
"B12 can’t be made by the body. Instead, it must be gotten from food or supplements."
Peak Performance
Vitamin B12
Research
https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/vitamin-b12-deficiency-can-be-sneaky-harmful-201301105780
"In general, vitamin B12 levels decline with age, and therefore, the prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency increases in the elderly population"
Peak Performance
Vitamin B12
Research
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7077099/
"The bioavailability of vitamin B12 from dietary supplements is about 50% higher than that from food sources [17-19]."
Peak Performance
Vitamin B12
Research
https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB12-HealthProfessional/#:~:text=In%20the%20United%20States%20and,older%20than%2060%20%5B33%5D.
"No evidence indicates that absorption rates of vitamin B12 in supplements vary by form of the vitamin."
Peak Performance
Vitamin B12
Research
https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB12-HealthProfessional/#:~:text=In%20the%20United%20States%20and,older%20than%2060%20%5B33%5D.
"Even at large doses, vitamin B12 is generally considered to be safe because the body does not store excess amounts."
Peak Performance
Vitamin B12
Research
the evidence from these data was considered not sufficient for deriving a Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL). https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB12-HealthProfessional/#:~:text=In%20the%20United%20States%20and,older%20than%2060%20%5B33%5D. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK114302/#ch9.s64
Focus & Memory: "Higher intake of B vitamins throughout young adulthood was associated with better cognitive function in midlife."
Peak Performance
Vitamin B12
Research
This study comprised a community-based multicenter cohort of black and white men and women aged 18-30 y in 1985-1986 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28768650/
Focus & Memory: "Vitamin B-12 deficiency was prevalent and clearly associated with poorer cognitive function."
Peak Performance
Vitamin B12
Research
Cognitive functioning: the performance of the mental processes of perception, learning, memory, understanding, awareness, reasoning, judgment, intuition, and language. "There is evidence that low plasma vitamin B-12 and folate individually, as well as an imbalance of high folic acid and low vitamin B-12 status, may be associated with lower cognitive function." https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33184638/
"Increased risk of frailty and disability has been associated with poor B vitamin status."
Peak Performance
Vitamin B12
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3257642/ Frailty is characterized by muscle wasting, diminished strength, often with weight loss with or without reduced nutritional intake. Frailty is associated with an increased vulnerability to stresses, causing longer and more complicated recovery from illness or surgery
B-12 plays an important role in your body’s ability to convert food to energy
Peak Performance
Vitamin B12
Research
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7019700/
Muscle Recovery: "Energy production and the rebuilding and repair of muscle tissue by physical activity require folate and vitamin B12 as a cofactor. "
Peak Performance
Vitamin B12
Research
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4819126/
Muscle Recovery "Vitamin B12 helps your body produce red blood cells, which are responsible for delivering oxygen to the muscles."
Peak Performance
Vitamin B12
Research
https://www.bodylogicmd.com/blog/these-are-the-10-most-important-vitamins-for-muscles/#:~:text=According%20to%20one%20study%2C%20%E2%80%9CEnergy,of%20damaged%20cells%20and%20tissues.
Muscle Recovery "Vitamin B12 is an important cofactor in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids and nucleic acids."
Peak Performance
Vitamin B12
Research
Michel Gautier, in Encyclopedia of Food Microbiology, 1999 https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/vitamin-b12
Muscle Recovery "Because repairing muscle tears requires new protein synthesis, the ability to process amino acids supports muscle repair."
Peak Performance
Vitamin B12
Research
https://healthyeating.sfgate.com/vitamins-muscle-tears-10511.html
Muscle Recovery "Oxidative stress inhibits muscle recovery" "Evidence from studies on B12 status in relation to oxidative stress consistently suggests that lower B12 status is related to increased pro-oxidants and decreased antioxidants,"
Peak Performance
Vitamin B12
Research
https://lazyplant.com/exercise/vitamin-b12-bodybuilding/ https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/11/2/482/htm
Energy Production: "Vitamin B12 is required for the development, myelination, and function of the central nervous system; healthy red blood cell formation; and DNA synthesis"
Peak Performance
Vitamin B12
Research
https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB12-HealthProfessional/#:~:text=In%20the%20United%20States%20and,older%20than%2060%20%5B33%5D.
Energy Production: " DNA synthesis is impaired by low vitamin B12, which hampers the activation of folate and, as a result, decreases normal red blood cell production, impairing oxygen delivery"
Peak Performance
Vitamin B12
Research
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7019700/ Illustration
Energy Production: "Deficiencies in cobalamin (vitamin B12) can result in diminished energy and exercise tolerance, together with fatigue and shortness of breath. These hematologic symptoms regress and disappear with supplementation with vitamin B12, for which doses and routes will depend on the cause and severity of deficiency [109]."
Peak Performance
Vitamin B12
Research
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7019700/
Energy Production: Mood: "B12 vitamins are the key vitamins that have a direct effect on mood and neurotransmitter regulation"
Peak Performance
Vitamin B12
Research
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4290459/
Energy Production: Mood "B12 is used up for producing neurotransmitters and hormones due to the constantly circling thoughts and strong feelings. The production of hormones like serotonin, adrenalin, and noradrenalin, in particular, significantly increases vitamin B12 consumption. "
Peak Performance
Vitamin B12
Research
https://www.woerwagpharma.co.th/en/health-topics/neurological-diseases/vitamin-b12-strong-nerves-in-stressful-everyday-life
Pink Color: The Vitamin B12 (hydroxocobalamin, adenosylcobalamin, methylcobalamin, and cyanocobalamin) molecule contains cobalt (so called “cobalamins”). Cobalt can form many compounds that portray a variety of colors. When the element is combined with water, its salts form a pink color, known as a metal aquo complex. The cobalt gives the water-soluble molecule B12 its distinctive “reddish-pink” color.
Peak Performance
Vitamin B12
Research
https://seekinghealth.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/articles/227648427-Why-is-Active-B12-with-L-5-MTHF-pink-in-color-
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