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Title
Last Name
Format
Authors
Abstract
Preterm birth as a strategy against the deleterious effects of psychosocial stress in teenage pregnancy: a retrospective analysis.
Blumrich
Poster
Lukas Blumrich, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo; Marco Aurelio Knippel Galletta, Disciplina de Obstetrícia, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo; Adriana Lippi Waissman, Divisão de Clinica Obstetrica, Hospital das Clinicas HCMFUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo; Rossana Pulcineli Vieira Francisco, Disciplina de Obstetrícia, Departamento de
Background: Psychosocial stress severely impacts fetal development. Evolutionary theory suggests that such changes may not only be due to pathological constraints or disruption but also alternative developmental strategies aimed at optimizing the chances of survival for both the mother and the baby. According to life history theory, these may differ between adolescent and adult women. In this study, we hypothesized that late preterm birth could be one such strategy in a highly stressed intrauter
Antibiotic Stewardship as a Method for Analyzing Trends in Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae
Blyth
Poster
Michelle Blyth, Louisiana State University, New Orleans Louisiana; Juilo Figueroa, Louisiana State University, New Orleans Louisiana.
The pneumococcal vaccine was introduced to the United States in 2000. Cases of pneumococcal disease have dropped significantly along with rates of invasive disease and penicillin resistance. A vaccine targeting a virulence factor is predicted to select for decreasingly invasive disease, but the causal links between vaccines and penicillin resistance remain obscure. We analyzed antibiotic stewardship data from an urban hospital system. These data show decreasing Streptococcus pneumoniae isolatio
Constraints on evolution of the eukaryotic cell cycle explain progressive chronic kidney disease
Chevalier
Poster
Robert L. Chevalier, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a leading cause of mortality, increasing with aging, but mechanisms of progression remain poorly understood. Vulnerable to hypoxic injury, each kidney contains a fixed number of nephrons at birth, and 50% are normally lost through adult life. Growth of metazoans depends on cell proliferation by the eukaryotic cell cycle, whereby activity of each cell cycle complex is under tight control of only a few subunits that are highly conserved across eukaryotes from yeast
Culture-bound attitudes and the embodiment of socio-political stress in pregnant Filipina women
Chua
Poster
Kristine Joy Chua, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA; Zoe Pamonag, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Jessica Gabuten Asuncion, Mariano Marcos State University, Batac, Philippines; Lia Lourdes Francisco, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines; Abigail Bigham, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
Fear and concerns about the current socio-political environment are becoming a world-wide issue for maternal and fetal health. Policies from authoritarian governments that are resulting in the rise of preterm births. Yet, little is known concerning how mothers perceive and embody the socio-political environment around them. We identify the Philippines, a country experiencing intense State violence from former President Duterte’s administration, as a prime location to contextualize and inform our
The missing tradeoff: how prenatal and postnatal testosterone mediate female life histories
Crespi
Poster
Bernard Crespi, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby; Aiden Bushell, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby; Natalie Dinsdale, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby.
The study of female life histories has thus far focused mainly on estrogen, progesterone, and prolactin, and tradeoffs between current and future reproduction. We describe evidence from genetics, development, physiology, endocrinology, immunology, and life history that prenatal and postnatal testosterone centrally mediate tradeoffs of fertility and fecundity with survival in female humans and other mammals. These tradeoffs, and their extremes, also generate susceptibility to a suite of low- or
IDENTIFICATION OF VIRULENCE AND ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANT GENES OF Salmonella spp IN COMMERCIAL POULTRY FARMS OF CHITWAN, NEPAL
Dahal
Poster
Author: Surya Prasad Dahal, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Norway Corresponding Author: Himal Luitel, Center for Biotechnology, Agriculture and Forestry University, Nepal/ hluitel@afu.edu.np Co authors: Puskhar Bahadur Pal, Veterinary Pathology and Clinics, Agriculture and Forestry University, Nepal/ ppal@afu.edu.np Ishwari Kadariya, Center for Biotechnology, Agriculture and Forestry University, Nepal/ ipkadariya@afu.edu.np
Salmonellosis, an economically significant poultry disease, causing fowl typhoid and white bacillary diarrhoea in adult and young birds. The present study characterizes virulence, antibiotic-resistant genes. A total of 300 samples were collected from different poultry farms and institutions in Chitwan district during late 2018. Salmonella spp were isolated using biochemical and molecular techniques. The amplified fragments were used to detect the virulence, and antibiotic- resistant genes were
An Association between Anhedonic State and Perceptions of Downward Intergenerational Social Mobility in a Large, Longitudinal Sample of U.S. Adults
Davis
Poster
Jeff Davis
This study examines self-reports of anhedonic states in a sample of adults in the United States. The model developed and tested draws upon evolutionary perspectives on social stressors and their roles in the onset of mental disorders. The model proposes that perceptions of social defeat (downward intergenerational social mobility) and perceived loss of control and negative prediction errors in social relationships combine to create a susceptibility to anhedonia. Analysis of data from the Midlife
Social support and navigating health-care related behaviors during pregnancy and postpartum
Escasa-Dorne
Poster
*Escasa-Dorne, Michelle; **Young, Sharon M.; *Franzen, Glenn; *Manglona, Kaylani; ***Carter, Emily; ***Luna, Karissa; & ***Cheng, Aaron *Department of Anthropology; University of Colorado Colorado Springs **School of Social Science and Global Studies; University of Southern Mississippi ***Department of Anthropology; University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Peripartum women face numerous decisions that can impact their own health, the health of the developing fetus/young infant, or both. Peripartum women must also navigate these decisions while confronted with information from medical professionals, family, the internet, or other sources of sometimes conflicting information. Previous data suggest that peripartum women, compared to other times of their life, are more likely to practice complementary, alternative, and/or integrative medicine (CAIM) e
How Did COVID-19 Shift Human Psychology and Behavior?
Evers
Poster
Noah F.G. Evers, Harvard University; Gabriel W. Evers, Crossroads School; Gabrielle Halim, University of California, Los Angeles; Felicity B. Gutierrez, University of California, Los Angeles; Qinyi Yuan, University of California, Los Angeles; and Patricia M. Greenfield, University of California, Los Angeles
How does a major mortality event affect a culture? The Theory of Social Change, Cultural Evolution, and Human Development predicts that danger, as indicated by rising death rates and narrowing social worlds, shifts human psychology and behavior toward that found in small-scale, collectivistic, and rural subsistence ecologies. In particular, mortality salience, collectivism, and engagement in subsistence activities increase as death rates rise and the social world contracts. Studies on the psycho
Social Movements as Evolved Responses to Mortality Threats Caused by Disease
Evers
Poster
Gabriel Wolf Evers, Crossroads School for Arts & Sciences, Santa Monica
Do humans have an evolved response to environmental danger? Adaptations to danger that enhance the chances for group survival constitute basic evolutionary mechanisms. The theory of social change, cultural evolution, and human development proposes that massive mortality events created by disease or other factors stimulate shifts toward a psychology adapted for the more dangerous environments in which humans evolved. These evolutionarily conserved cognitive and behavioral reactions to increased d
Immunometabolic Phenotypes during Aging and Mortality Risk
Gassen
Poster
Jeffrey Gassen, Baylor University, Waco, TX; Michael P. Muehlenbein, Baylor University, Waco, TX; Tomasz J. Nowak, Baylor University, Waco, TX; Alexandria D. Henderson, Baylor University, Waco, TX; Edward Thum, Baylor University, Waco, TX; Melissa Patton, Baylor University, Waco, TX
Aging is characterized by increased risk for myriad chronic diseases, several of which often occur together. Common features across many diseases of aging are perturbations in immune and metabolic function. Given that immunity and metabolism are intertwined, new insights into the etiology of chronic illness as people age require multivariate approaches that can model how these systems interact in health and disease over the lifespan. Moreover, recent research suggests that in addition to alterat
Siblings in hormonal synchrony
Habecker
Poster
Heather Habecker, Baylor University, Waco; Anna Samsonov, Baylor University, Waco; Robert Walker, University of Missouri, Columbia; Mark Flinn, Baylor University, Waco.
Analysis of twelve years of systematic monitoring of hormones levels of children (n=424 participants, 22,563 saliva samples) and their families in natural, everyday context indicates high levels of synchrony of cortisol levels among siblings (n>4,000 sib dyads, >61k non-sib dyads; full brothers r = .38, full sisters r = .36, full brother-sister r = .35; non-sibs r = .15 p<.001 for all non-sib to sib comparisons). Here we examine factors that are associated with the remarkable similarity of hormo
Teaching evolutionary medicine and collaborative writing to undergraduates in 3.5 weeks
Jabaily
Poster
Rachel Jabaily, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, Colorado Krista Fish, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, Colorado
We developed an Evolutionary Medicine course during the Covid era at Colorado College to serve undergraduate students in Organismal Biology and Ecology and Anthropology majors and those interested in pre-health pathways. We are trained as evolutionary biologists (botany & primatology), so developing this course was challenging but exciting. We will showcase our Evolutionary Medicine curriculum, which is taught on the 3.5-week block system of Colorado College. We will also highlight our collabora
The host and beyond: responding to an infection affects everyone else
Lopes
Poster
Patricia C. Lopes, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
When invaded, the body triggers a series of reactions to neutralize and destroy the invader. This host response, while seemingly localized, can then have consequences that expand within and beyond the boundaries of the host’s body, with far-reaching ecosystem-level implications. In this talk, I will explore the different ways in which the host response affects other organisms that live within or around the infected host, and the implications of these effects for how we study disease responses.
Sex Differences in Sports-Related Concussion: An Evolutionary Hypothesis Supported by Pathway Analysis
Marsh
Poster
Zoey Marsh, Oakwood School, Los Angeles; Barbara Natterson-Horowitz, UCLA, Los Angeles
BACKGROUND: Sex differences in sports-related concussion (SRC) syndromes include motor processing speed, reaction time composite scores, and injury symptom onset time--all reduced in men, and impaired visual memory, visual-ocular function, and risk of cognitive impairment-- all increased in women. We propose a non-proximate hypothesis that pregnancy-related selective pressures shaped sex differences in CNS phenotypes and brain injury responses. HYPOTHESES: Gestational volume expansion in human
Environmental Klebsiella pneumoniae Carries a Novel Multidrug Resistance Region that Evolved from the Mobilization of Transposons
Mejia
Poster
Dana Mejia, University of California, Irvine; Andrei Tatarenkov, University of California, Irvine; Marlene de la Cruz University of California, Irvine; Luis Mota-Bravo, University of California, Irvine.
Klebsiella pneumoniae resides in the human body and in the environment. Multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogenic K. pneumoniae is a major public health problem. Antibiotic resistance genes in bacteria are mobilized between DNA molecules (plasmids and chromosomes) by transposons. Our hypothesis is that environmental K. pneumoniae are reservoirs of plasmids with MDR regions that evolved from the mobilization of transposons. Our objectives are to sequence and analyze the plasmid of a MDR K. pneumoniae
Evaluating patterns of evolutionary mismatch across human diseases
Moyse
Poster
Laurel Moyse, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Laura Perez, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; George Perry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park.
Evolutionary mismatch, when previously adaptive traits become detrimental due to changes in the environment, is suggested as a contributing factor to the prevalence of many human diseases with genetic components. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are widely used to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with variation in specific traits, including a wide range of diseases. By combining the large amount of publicly available GWAS data with evolutionary genomic analyses,
Atrial Fibrillation in Endurance Athletes as an Evolutionary Mismatch: A Comparative Approach
Natterson
Poster
Ryan Natterson, Crossroads School for Arts and Sciences, Santa Monica; Barbara Natterson-Horowitz, UCLA, Los Angeles
BACKGROUND Endurance athletes have an increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF). A comparative parallel is found in standardbred horses for whom long-term training increases AF sustainability and AF is the leading cause of poor race performance. A comparative analysis exposes an evolutionary hypothesis for vulnerability to atrial fibrillation HYPOTHESIS Atrial fibrillation emerges as a mismatch between atrial physiology evolved to adaptively respond and tolerate levels of hemodynamic stretch
Exogenous estrogens and immunity. Systematic review and meta-analysis
Nowak
Poster
Tomasz J. Nowak, Baylor, Waco; Michael P. Muehlenbein, Baylor, Waco
Estrogen is an essential hormone for survival and health, both for women and men. Its influence is inflicted on reproduction, development, bone health, cancer, immunity, and many others. These are one of the most commonly used drugs by women, and their effects on health have been studied to a great extent, even in clinical trials. Nevertheless, the evidence on the effect of exogenous estrogens on immunity is scarce and scattered, considering the importance of the immune system. Thus, the objecti
A Phylogenetic and Level of Evidence Analysis of Phenotypic Masculinization across Vertebrates
Oranim
Poster
Noa Oranim, Oakwood School, Los Angeles; Michael Habib, UCLA; Barbara Natterson-Horowitz, Harvard University
BACKGROUND: Physiologic masculinization is an important challenge in women’s health. It has been proposed that in some species masculinized phenotypes emerge to deter male sexual harassment. Understanding the selective pressures underlying female masculinization in other species can provide insight into masculinization syndromes in women. Yet, the phylogenetic patterns of masculinization are poorly understood and varying levels of evidence support the harassment hypothesis across species. MET
Does Religion Provide Effective Practices for Infectious Disease Prevention?
Park
Poster
Hanson Park, Dept. of Anthropology, Seoul National University, Seoul
Some claims suggest that religious practices may function as adaptive cultural norms for the prevention of infectious diseases. Various religious traditions involve specific practices and rituals that emphasize cleanliness and hygiene during significant life events, such as childbirth, illness, and death. Additionally, these religions often adopt unique customs or responses to address external threats, like the emergence of new infectious diseases, with the aim of protecting their communities. N
Exposure to a wider variety of paternal antigens is associated with decreased maternal inflammation
Reshke
Poster
Amanda Reshke, University of California, Los Angeles; Dr. Molly Fox, University of California, Los Angeles
Exposure to male antigens has been shown to induce an immune response in women. This response allows for recognition of paternal antigens, and development of maternal immune tolerance for a potential fetus. Prior exposure to a partner’s antigens has been shown to decrease risk of pregnancy complications. Humans did not evolve to exclusively have one sexual partner throughout a lifetime. We hypothesize that female physiology may have acquired an adaptation to prevent chronic inflammation, whereby
Promoting diversity and equity in the sciences through evolution outreach in schools: topics from evolutionary medicine.
Rorick
Poster
Mary Rorick, EvoLive, Seattle, WA. Annie Rorick, CalTech, Pasadena, CA.
According to The National Center for Science Education, acceptance and understanding of evolution is severely lacking, with fewer than 50% of adults in the US aware that humans evolved from earlier species. Evolution is often seen as a threat to personal worldviews and it is poorly understood. For these reasons it is imperative that evolutionary biologists conduct outreach in schools. Our goal at EvoLive.org is to apply scientific teaching methods to design, implement and test effective strategi
In the Light of Evolution: Evaluating the Effects of Evolutionary Adaptations In Two-Component Response Systems (Escherichia coli K12 MG1655)
Sanders
Poster
Brittany Sanders, Maria Ford, Sydney Townsend, Joseph L. Graves Jr, and Misty Thomas
Bacteria are continuously interacting with their surroundings and therefore must quickly respond to changes in a wide range of environmental niches. For survival, bacteria must sense, respond, and acclimate to these environmental conditions via (1) Acclimation- changes in genetic expression or (2) Adaptation- the acquisition of simple mutations. Consequently, bacteria have evolved robust machinery composed of intricate signal transduction networks known as two- component response systems (TCRS)
An evolutionary approach to human variability in brown adipose tissue activity
Sievert
Poster
Lynnette Leidy Sievert, UMass Amherst; Daniel E. Brown, University of Hawaii at Hilo
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) may have protective effects on the development of obesity and diabetes. BAT is the main contributor to non-shivering thermogenesis (NST), an important means of adapting to cold in eutherian mammals, through the action of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). Early hominins were likely exposed to diurnal cold temperatures without many of the behavioral adaptations developed by more recent hominins. After some populations migrated to colder temperate climates, seasonal and mor
Leveraging Systems Biology & Bioinformatics Platforms to Identify Evolutionary Trade-Offs Underlying Atherogenesis and Atherosclerosis
Smolens
Poster
Kaitlyn Smolens, UCLA, Los Angeles; Barbara Natterson-Horowitz, UCLA, Los Angeles.
BACKGROUND: Vulnerability to atherosclerosis represents an evolutionary trade-off balancing the liability of acquiring the disease against the biological benefits conferred by components of vulnerability. Emerging bioinformatic platforms can help characterize specific biological pathways involved in trade-off physiology. Here we apply a novel systems biology/informatics-based method to identify trade-off physiology underlying vulnerability to atherosclerosis. METHODS: Using LifeMap Science’s in
Implications of anticipated warming temperatures on West Nile virus spreading mosquitoes in North America
Uelmen
Poster
Johnny Uelmen, Duke University Rebecca Smith, University of Illinois Catherine Lippi, University of Florida Marta Shockett, University of Lancaster Sadie Ryan, University of Florida
The increasing temperatures due to climate change have far-reaching impacts on ecosystems and public health. One area of concern is the spread of mosquito-borne diseases (MBD). In North America, West Nile virus (WNV) is the most widespread and important human MBD. With the anticipated warming temperatures, there is a need to understand the implications of climate change on the transmission dynamics of WNV. Like all arthropods, a mosquito’s rate of development is mediated by external abiotic forc
Incorporating allostasis into sexual selection: mate choice is pro-welfare by favoring the status of being free
Xie
Poster
Yu Xie (currently not affiliated)
Natural and sexual selection can diverge and contrast with each other in directions: decorative and conspicuous traits signaling sexual attractiveness in mate choice are usually maladaptive for survival. As a rationale for the emergence of excessive advertisements in mate choice, condition-dependency posits that the good condition of the mate is that which the expression of attractive traits is based on, given that they are costly to produce and maintain. However, the term condition has been poo
A putatively adaptive missense variant in ICAM1 is associated with lower systolic blood pressure in Andean highlanders
Yu
Poster
James J. Yu, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Wanjun Gu, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Cecelia Anza, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú; Chad D. Huff, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Ryan J. Bohlender, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Julie Houck, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; Lilian Toledo-Jaldin, Hospital Materno-Infantil, La Paz, Bolivia
Hypobaric hypoxia exerts a significant evolutionary pressure on highlanders who have resided at high altitude for thousands of years, resulting in genomic signatures of natural selection. We identified ICAM1 as a genetic region under positive selection within Andean highlanders and further identified the single-nucleotide variant (SNV) rs1799969 as the potential functional variant within this region using bioinformatic approaches. We then genotyped rs1799969 in 255 Andean highlanders and found 6
Turkana Warrior Cortisol and PTSD
Zefferman
Poster
Mathew Zefferman, Michael Baumgarten, Ben Trumble, Matthew Zefferman
Existing research suggests that post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with lower cortisol sensitivity, as indicated by a blunted diurnal cortisol slope. However, these studies were mostly done in western industrialized populations, and so it is unclear whether this blunting is a cross-cultural physiological response to PTSD. Furthermore, these studies combine PTSD from diverse types of trauma, and the comparison groups with and without PTSD differ along multiple dimensions, making
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