James DeGregori, University of Colorado Cancer Center
Marco De Dominici, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus (Aurora, CO)
Edward J Evans, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus (Aurora, CO),
Emilia Lim, The Francis Crick Institute (London), University College London Cancer Institute (London)
Fabio Marongiu, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus (Aurora, CO),
Andrew Goodspeed, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus (Aurora, CO),
Andrii I Rozhok, University o
Abstract
Why do we get cancer? Why is cancer highly associated with old age, and why are insults like smoking associated with increased risk of cancers? Of course, these contexts all cause mutations, and some of these mutations can contribute to malignant phenotypes. But we now understand that carcinogenesis is much more complex than originally appreciated. There are microenvironmental forces that both impede and promote cancer evolution. Just as organismal evolution is known to be driven by environmenta